BalPure

Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment System

Experience

Installed Base of SANILEC systems producing over 1 million pounds per day of chlorine equivalent worldwide Severn Trent DeNora accounts for 65% of the worldwide operating on-site hypochlorite capacity Over 400 systems operating in 59 countries Offshore applications 21 different size systems capable of producing from 3 to 2400 pounds per day of hypochlorite Installations since 1974

Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

Chemistry of electrolyzing sodium chloride

NaCl + H2O + 2e---> NaOCl + H2
Salt+Water+Energy = Hypochlorite+Hydrogen

Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

How Does It Work ?

Seawater slip stream enters one end of the electrolytic generator DC electric current is passed between electrodes through the Seawater to generate products Hydrogen removed while hypochlorite and seawater injected into main ballast line Br (Bromine) in Seawater reacts to form OBr (Hypobromite) and HOBr (hypobromous acid) HOBr acts as an aggressive disinfectant when injected back into the main ballast line

Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

Typical Severn Trent DeNora Double Cell Generating Skid

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Competitive Advantages
Efficacy of Halogens for disinfection is well established Electrochemical oxidation is a well proven technology with 30 years experience in the offshore industry, marine, and coastal power plants STDN BalPureTM units are modular in construction and can be backfitted into existing vessels without major modifications Biocide has significant half life, solution mixes extremely well with ballast water, efficacy is not dependent on seawater turbidity Electrochemical oxidation systems are low cost vs. the alternate proposed technologies The cost of EC is appx. $0.02 per M3 of ballast water treated ($0.15/KWH generation cost)

BalPureTM Water Treatment Key System Components Hypochlorite Generation

+ Controlled Addition

Oxidant Monitoring
+ Residual Maintained

Oxidant Neutralization
+ Controlled Addition + Excess Sulfite Monitoring

Data Logger
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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

Oxidant Neutralization

Use sodium sulfite Also use as food, wine preservative Na2SO3 +Br2 +H2O Na2SO4 +2HBr 4 gpl Na2SO4 already exists in seawater HBr will not decrease pH in highly buffered seawater

Univ. of Washington Study

Marrowstone Marine Field Station Located on Marrowstone Island at the northwest entrance to Puget Sound Typically used for marine fish diseases and aquatic toxicology research Previously conducted ballast water bench scale testing at this US Geological Survey Facility Previously tested UV, Ozone, Chemicals Seawater can be pumped from the Sound at a rate of 1500 liters per min (90 M^3/hour)

Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

Marrowstone Marine Field Station

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Parameters Measured
Total Residual Oxidant (TRO) Live organisms as Zooplankton Chlorophyll as a measure of Phytoplankton Bacteria Toxicity of the water Disinfection By-Products (DBP)

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Test Results
With or without Filtration: When initial hypo concentration is at least 3.0 ppm
Culturable Bacteria reduced > 99.99% Phytoplankton reduced > 99% Mesozooplankton reduced > 99%

Filtration only impacts efficacy when hypo concentration is less than 1.5 ppm Bacteria grow back within 24 hours once residual oxidant is consumed

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Test Results
Sodium Hypochlorite Generator / Filtration Experiment September 2004 Total Residual Oxidant (mg Cl2 / L)
3.50 3.00

TRO (mg Cl2 / L)

2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 0 48 96 144

Control Cl w/ filter Cl w/o filter

192

240

Time (h)

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Test Results
Sodium Hypochlorite Generator / Filtration Experiment September 2004 Culturable Heterotrophic Bacteria
1.0E+10

Colony Forming Units / L

1.0E+09 1.0E+08 1.0E+07 1.0E+06 1.0E+05 1.0E+04 1.0E+03 1.0E+02 1.0E+01 1.0E+00 0 48 96 144 192 240 Control Cl w/ filter Cl w/o filter

Time (h)

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Test Results
Sodium Hypochlorite Generator / Filtration October 2004 Experiment 1 Culturable Heterotrophic Bateria

1.0E+10

Colony Forming Units / L

1.0E+09 1.0E+08 1.0E+07 1.0E+06 1.0E+05 1.0E+04 1.0E+03 1.0E+02 1.0E+01 1.0E+00
< 1.00E+04 < 1.00E+06

Control F Cl F No Cl

48

96

144

192

240

Time (h)
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Test Results
Ballast water has no toxicity once neutralized with sodium sulfite up to 22 ppm or ten times required
+ Discharge Toxicology Studies Show No Effect On
Herring Embryo Mysid Shrimp Bivalve Larval Kelp Diatoms

Disinfection By Products in effluent meet U.S. drinking water standards

+ THM 68 ppb (80 ppb) + HAA5 9 ppb (60 ppb) + Bromate < 1 ppb (10 ppb)

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Commercial Testing

1,000 M3 per hour system being tested by United States Coast Guard at the Naval Research Labs in Key West Florida
Test protocol is based on IMO G-8 standards for Ballast Water Treatment testing.

STDN has received a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Conduct a shipboard demonstration test of the STDN Ballast Water Treatment System

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Commercial Testing

Partnership formed with a major US vessel owner to install a BalPure unit on one of their vessels
Vessel route is between US cities on the Gulf Coast System sized for 2,000 M3 per hour ballast flow Treatment System will be installed in six major components
Electrolyzers Control Panel and transformer / rectifier Hydrogen separation Booster pumps In line analyzers sulfite addition

Installation to occur at end of second quarter 2007

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Commercial Certification

Vessel owner and STDN will apply to the United States Coast Guard (USCG) Shipboard Technology Evaluation Program (STEP)
Pilot testing data completed Environmental impact data developed

BalPureTM Ballast Water Treatment System is patent pending

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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

B A LP U R E U N IT D E C H L O R IN A T IO N U N IT
S O D IU M S U LF IT E M IX T A N K S U L F IT E A N A LY Z E R C H L O R IN E ANALYZER BOOST PUMP G ENERATO R
LEG END VALVE O PEN V A L V E C LO S E D M A IN B A L L A S T L IN E S T R E A T M E N T S Y S T E M LIN E S

IN JE C T PUMP

CONTROL PANEL

Aft Ballast Tank

W .L.
B A L LA S T PUM P PORT AND STARBOARD B A L L A S T T A N K (S )

SEA CHEST

B A LLA S T IN G

Metered Disinfection While Ballasting

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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

BALPUR E U NIT DEC HLO R INATIO N UNIT
SO D IU M SU LFITE M IX TAN K SU LFITE AN ALYZER C H LO R INE AN ALYZER BO O ST PU M P G EN ER ATO R
LEG END VALVE O PEN VALVE CLO SED M AIN BALLAST LINES TREATM ENT SYSTEM LINES

IN JEC T PU M P

C O N TR O L PAN EL

W .L.
BALLAST PUM P PO RT AND STARBO ARD BALLAST TANK(S)

SEA C HEST

UNDERW AY

Sampling while Underway

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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

B A L P U R E U N IT D E C H L O R IN A T IO N U N IT
S O D IU M S U L F IT E M IX T A N K S U L F IT E ANALYZER C H L O R IN E AN ALYZER BOOST PUMP G ENERATO R
LEG END VALVE O PEN VALVE C LO SED M A IN B A L L A S T L IN E S T R E A T M E N T S Y S T E M L IN E S

IN J E C T PUMP

CO NTRO L PANEL

BALLAST D IS C H A R G E

W .L .
BALLAST PUMP PORT AND STARBOARD B A L L A S T T A N K (S )

SEA CHEST

D E -B A L L A S T IN G

Metered Dechlorination while Deballasting

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NRL Unit 1000 M3/Hr @ 5 ppm

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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

Estimates for 1000 M3 / Hr BWT Unit Power
52 AC KVA

Process Water
None required

Instrument Air
None required

Sulfite for dechlorination

2 Kg (7.7L) per 1,000M3 ballast

Maintenance
4 hours per month

Base Unit Cost

$440K
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2000 M3 / Hr System Dimensions

ITEM Generator Transformer/Rectifier & Control Panel Degas Booster Pumps Analyzers Sulfite Addition

DIMENSIONS (M)
Length X Width X Height

WEIGHT (Kg) 260 820 (400) 91 136 105 68

2.3 X 0.6 X 2.2 2.4 X 0.6 X 2.0 (1.1 X 1.3 X 2.0) 1.6 X 0.6 X 1.7 1.2 X 1.2 X 1.6 1.4 X 0.4 X 1.5 0.4 X 0.3 X 1.1

Overall

3.7 X 1.8 X 3.1

3,325
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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment

Conclusions

- Meets IMO standards for Ballast Water Management

- Destruction of living organisms - Bacteria inactivated

- De-chlorinated Effluent is not Toxic - DBPs can be below drinking water standards - Filtration is not required to meet IMO standards - Operating cost is less than $0.02 / M3 of ballast water
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