PI-NET International v. Ace Rent A Car

Case 2:12-cv-04303-JAK-MAN Document 1
Filed 05/17/12 Page 1 of 60 Page ID #:3
Andr E. Jardini (State Bar No. 71335) aej (ikpclegal.com 2 K.L. Myles (State Bar No. 243272) klm(ikpclegal.com
1
KNAPP, PETERSEN & CLAR

Telephone: (818) 547-5000
550 North Brand Boulevard, Suite 1500 4 Glendale, California 91203-1922

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6 Joseph S. Farzam (State Bar No. 2108 i 7)
farzam(ilawyer. com 7 JOSEPH FARZAM LAW FIRM

1875 Century Park East, Suite 1345
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Telephone: (310) 226-6890
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Attorneys for Plaintiff PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC.

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
12
13
14
15 PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC.,
c ~ li?- 0 4 3 0 3~-\\ ~)G)

- --) .. -" .
) COMPLAINT FOR PATENT ) INFRINGEMENT
17 v.
19
16 Plaintiff,
Defendant.
18 ACE RENT A CAR, INC.,
20
21
I DEMA FOR JURY TRIA

INTRODUCTION
1.
Plaintiff
22
PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC., files this complaint for patent
23 'nfringement and
jury demand against defendant ACE RENT A CAR, INC. ("the
24 efendant"), and alleges as follows:

25
PARTIES
2.
Plaintiff
26
KNAPP, PETERSEN
PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC. ("PI-NET") is a California
27 orporation with its principal place of
business in Menlo Park, California. PI-NET has been
& CLARKE 28
provider of innovative software products, services and solutions that enable distributed
-11 11"70")()"7 1 AOf\f\fJAf\nCl
I ransaction processing and control over public and private networks, including, without
2 imitation, the Internet and the World Wide Web.

3
3.
The patents asserted here were issued to Dr. Lakshmi Arunachalam, PI-NET'S
4 ounder. The patents disclose the fundamental technology underlying Web commerce by
5 se of
Web applications. The patents describe a method and apparatus for providing realthe pioneering
6 ime, two-way transactional capabilities on the Web. The examples of
7 echnology in the patents encompass the transactions commonly entered into by defendant
8 ith their vehicle rental customers.
4.
Defendant ACE RENT-A-CAR, INC. ("ACE" and/or "defendant") is an
10 ndiana corporation with its headquarters in Indianapolis, Indiana. ACE operates as car
11 ental business in the United States.

12
13
JURISDICTION AND VENUE

5.
This action arises under the patent laws of
the United States, Title 35, United
14 States Code, including 35 U.S.C. sections 271 and 281-285. This Court has jurisdiction
15 ver the action pursuant to 28 U.S.c. sections 1331 and 1338(a).

16
6.
Upon information and belief, defendant is subject to this Court's specific and
17 eneral personal jurisdiction due at least to their substantial business within the State of
18 alifornia and this judicial district, including:

19
(a)
Operating a vehicle rental business by use of Internet transaction
20 capabilities which infrnge the patents herein alleged in California and in this judicial
21 distrct; and
22
(b)
Regularly doing or soliciting business, engaging in other persistent
23 courses of conduct; and/or

24
(c)
Deriving substantial revenue from products and/or services provided to
25 individuals in California and in this judicial distrct.

26
KNAPP, PETERSEN & CLARKE
7.
Venue is proper in this judicial distrct under 28 U.S.c. sections 1391(b) (c)
27 nd (d) and 28 U.S.C. section 1400(b).
28 III
-2i 47,044 i OROOO/Ooq,i
GENERAL ALLEGATIONS
8.
On November 16. 1999, the United States Patent and Trademark Office duly
3 nd legally issued United States Patent Number 5,987,500 (the "'500 patent") entitled
4 'Value-Added Network System For Enabling Real-Time, By-Directional Transactions On A
5 etwork" to Dr. Lakshmi Arnachalam. PI-NET is the assignee of all rights, title and
6 nterest in the '500 patent including the right to recover damages for past infringement. A
7 opy of
the '500 patent is attached to the complaint as exhibit A.

9.
On January 31,2012, the United States Patent and Trademark Office duly and
9 egally issued United States Patent Number 8,108,492 (the '''492 patent") entitled "Web
10 pplication Network Portal" to Dr. Lakshmi Arunachalam. PI-NET is the assignee of
all
11 . ghts, title and interest in the '492 patent, including the right to recover damages for past
12 'nfringement. A copy of
the '492 patent is attached to the complaint as exhibit B.
13 10. The '500 patent is valid and enforceable.

14 11. The '492 patent is valid and enforceable.
15 12. Defendant infrnges the '500 patent directly, contributorily and/or by active
16 'nducement by conducting real-time two-way transactions from Web applications across the
17 eb concerning rental transactions for automobiles and/or trucks. Such capabilities include
18 reservations system, payment information, pickup and drop-off times and locations,
19 election of a class of
vehicle, and other detailed information. This real-time two-way
20 ansactional capability on the Web is described in the '500 patent and infringed by
21
22 13. Defendant infringes the '492 patent directly, contrbutorily and/or by active
23 nducement by conducting real-time two-way transactions from Web applications across the
24 eb concerning rental transactions for automobiles and/or trucks. Such capabilities include
25 reservations system, payment information, pickup and drop-off times and locations,
26 election of a class of
vehicle, and other detailed information. This real-time two-way
27 ansactional capability on the Web is described in the '492 patent and infringed by
28 efendant.
-3i 47';044. i OROOO/oOqS i
14.
The online capabilities of defendant ACE RENT A CAR infringes the' 500
2 nd' 492 patents, exemplified, in part, by the following screen shot of its opening screen
3 hich displays the reservation, location and vehicle selection applications of the inventions
4 fthe patents~in-suit:
6
7
8
9 10
11
12
13
14
15
16 17 18 19
AeE.'R.n~A.Qt"'Ilke'
~:=:~:'~Ii&t 'b)J,i:.~\~~~
20
21 lIJD..Pa~2:t ~ ca~Sl.'51 tiQ'1

22
23
15.
i,R:CI~_~~_~rd~~nF.
Defendant's infrnging acts have been without express or implied license by

PI-NET'
24 I-NET, and/or in violation of
S rights or claims for relief.
25 FIRST CLAIM FOR RELIEF

26 INFRINGEMENT OF THE '500 PATENT
27
16.
PI-NET incorporates by reference each and every allegation in paragraphs 1
28 hrough 15, as though fully set forth herein.

-41.17,!1LlLl 1 !1SW!1!11n!10,i
17.
Defendant has been and now is infringing, inducing the infringement of,
the '500 patent, literally and/or under the doctrine
2 nd/or contributing to the infringement of
3 f equivalence, by conducting real-time two-way transactions on the Web in connection

4 ith the rental of vehicles to their customers:
18.
PI-NET has not authorized the defendant to use its technology for transactions
6 ver the Web with its customers as covered by the '500 patent.
7
19.
As a result of defendant's infringing conduct, PI-NET has suffered and will
8 ontinue to suffer, substantial and irreparable damage. Upon information and belief,
9 efendant's infrngement, induced infringement and/or its contrbutory infringement of
the
10 500 patent wil continue unless enjoined by this Court.

11
20. 21.
Defendant's infringement is and has been wilfuL.
12
Upon information and belief, to the extent defendant lacked actual knowledge
the '500
13 fthe '500 patent prior to this lawsuit, at a minimum they had constructive notice of
14 atent by operation of at least 35 U.S.C. section 287.

15
22.
PI-NET has no adequate remedy at law for defendant's infringement,

the '500 patent. Unless the
16 ontributory infringement, and/or induced infringement of
17 efendants infringing activities are enjoined by this Court, PI-NET will continue to suffer
18 onetary damages in an amount not yet determined.
19 SECOND CLAIM FOR RELIEF

20 INRIGEMENT OF THE '492 PATENT
21
23.
PI -NET incorporates by reference each and every allegation in paragraphs 1
22 hrough 22, as though fully set forth herein.

23
24.
Defendant has been and now is infrnging, inducing the infringement of,
the '492 patent, literally and/or under the doctrne
24 nd/or contrbuting to the infrngement of
25 f equivalents, by conducting real-time two-way transactions on the Web in connection with

26 he rental of
vehicles to their customers.

25.
27
PI-NET has not authorized the defendant to use its technology for transactions
28 ver the Web with its customers as covered by the '492 patent.
-51 A':f\AA 1 f\Qf\()f\If()Q'il
1 26. As a result of defendant's infringing conduct, PI-NET has suffered and wil
2 ontinue to suffer, substantial and irreparable damage. Upon information and belief,
3 efendant's infringement, induced infringement and/or its contrbutory infringement of
the
4 492 patent wil continue unless enjoined by this Court.

5 27. Defendant had knowledge of the '492 patent prior to filing of
this complaint
6 ut has continued to engage in their infringing conduct nonetheless. Defendant's
7 . nfringement is and has been willfuL.
8 28. Upon information and belief, to the extent any defendant lacked actual
9 owledge of the '492 patent prior to this lawsuit, at a minimum they had constructive
10 otice of the '500 patent by operation of at least 35 U.S.C. section 287.

11
29. PI-NET has no adequate remedy at law for defendant's infrngement,
12 ontributory infringement, and/or induced infringement of
the '492 patent. Unless the
13 efendant's infringing activities are enjoined by this Court, PI-NET wil continue to suffer
14 onetary damages in an amount not yet determined.
15 PRAYER FOR RELIEF

16 WHEREFORE, PI-NET prays for judgment:
17
18 infringement of
1.
That defendant has infringed, contributorily infringed and/or actively induced

the '500 patent.
19
2.
That defendant has infringed, contributorily infrnged and/or actively induced
20 infringement of the '492 patent.

21 3.
That defendant's infrngement was wilfuL.

That defendant be preliminarily and permanently enjoined from further acts
the '500 patent.
22
23 of
4.
infringement of
24
5.
That defendant be preliminarily and permanently enjoined from further acts
25 of infringement of the '492 patent.

26
27 infringement of
6.
That PI-NET be awarded damages adequate to compensate for defendant's

the '500 patent.
28 IIII
-61 Ll7,nLlLl 1 OROOO/oOQ,l
7.
That PI-NET be awarded damages adequate to compensate for defendant's
2 infringement of the '492 patent.

3
8.
That PI-NET be awarded prejudgment interest and post-judgment interest at
4 the maximum rate allowed by law.

5
9.
That the Court declare this to be an exceptional case pursuant to 35 U.S.c.
6 section 285, and award PI-NET its attorneys' fees.

7 10. That the Court award PI-NET enhanced damages pursuant to 35 U.S.c.
8 section 284.
9 11. That the Court award a compulsory future royalty.
10 12. That PI-NET be awarded costs of Court; and

11 13. That PI-NET be awarded such other and further relief as the Court deems just
12 and proper.
13
14
15
Dated: May 17,2012
16
17 18 19
By: lsi Andr E. Jardini

Andr E. J ardini K.L. Myles
Attorneys for Plaintiff PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC.
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27 28
-7\478307.\ 08000/0095\
1 DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL

2 Plaintiff
PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC. hereby demands a tral by jury in this
3 matter.
4
5 Dated: May 17,2012
KNAPP, PETERSEN & CLARK
7
8
By:U' r
/1~
Andr E:
-~
10
11
K.L. Myles Attorneys for Plaintiff PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC.
12
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16 17
18
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23
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25
26
KNAPP, PETERSEN
27
& CLARKE 28
-81475044.1 08000/00951
EXHIBIT A
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
US005987500A
United States Patent (19)

Arnachalam
(54)
(11)
Patent Number:
5,987,500
*Nov. 16, 1999
(45)
Date of Patent:
VALUE-ADDED NETWORK SYSTEM FOR
ENABLING RE-TIME, BY-DIRCTIONAL
(56)
References Cited
TRSACTIONS ON A NETWORK
f751
Inventor: Lakshmi Arunachalam, Menlo Park,
PUBLICATONS
"Coding with HTML forms: HTML goes interactive",

Aidrew Davidson, Dr. Dobb's Journal, V20, N, Jun. 1995,
Calif.
(73)
p.16.
Primary Examiner-Robert B. Harrell
Asignee: Pi-Net International, Inc., Menlo Park,

Calif.
Attorney, Ageru, or Firm-Blakely, Sokoloff, Taylor &

Zafman LLP
(57)
( * )
Notice:
This patent issued on a continued pros-
ABSTRACT
ecution application filed under 37 CFR 1.53(d), and is subject to the twenty year
patent term provisions of 35 U.S.c.
154(a)(2).
(21) (22)
Appl. No.: 08/879,958

Filed: Jun.
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for providing real-time, two-way transactional capabilties on the Web. Specifically, one embodiment of the present invention discloses a confguable value-added network switch for enablig real-time transactions on the World Wide Web. The
configurable value added network switch compries a sys-
20, 1997
tem for switching to a transactional application in response

to a user specification from a World Wide Web application,
Related U.S. Application Data

Division of application No. 08/700,726, Aug. 5, 1996, Pat. No.5, 778,178 (60) Provisional application No. 60/006,634, Nov. 13, 1995.
(62)
a system means for transmitting a transaction request from the transactional application, and a system for processing the transaction request. Additionally, a method for enabling object routing is disclosed, comprising the steps of creating a virtual information store containing information entries
and attributes assiating each of the information entries and
(51) (52) (58)
Int. CI.6 ...................................................... G06F 13/00 U.S. Ci. .............................................................. 709/203 Field of Search ........................ 364/DIG. 1, DIG. 2;
395/762, 200.3,200.31, 200.32, 200.43,
the attributes with an object identity, and asigning a unique

network address to each of the object identities. Finally, a
681,682,683,684,685,689; 709/200,
method is diclosed for enabling service management of the value-added network service, to perform OAM&P functions
on the services network.
201, 202, 203, 213, 301, 302, 303, 304,

305; 7101200
35 Claims, 13 Drawing Sheets
USER CONNECTS TO WEB SERVER
-802
RUNN(IG AN EXCIGE
B0
EXCHAGE ACnVAlES GRAICAL USER

1NlERFACE TO PRESEN USE WITH LAST
OF POSVC APPlTION OPTIO
_812
U.S. Patent
Nov. 16, 1999
Sheet 1 of 13
5,987,500
CAR WEB
DEALER
SERVER
CAR DEALER
105
104
WEB BROWSER
102
http://www.car.com
FIG. IA (PRIOR
ART)
I()
.
BANK
WEB
rJ .
c=
SERVER
('
CGI I CHECKING
INTERFACE APPLICATION
--"'1
DATABASE
~ = ~
I'L I 152
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rCH.:CKING I
LOAN
I
\
154
z 0
~
WEB BROWSER
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=" ~
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cr
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.. (,
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ti
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..
FIG.
00 ..
Q Q
ti
u.s. Patent
Nov. 16, 1999
Sheet 3 of 13
5,987,500
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u.s. Patent
Nov. 16, 1999
Sheet 4 of 13
5,987,500
300 r OSIMODEL
APPLICATION
307
PRESENTATION
306
SESSION 305
TRANSPORT
304
NETORK
303
DATA LINK
302
PHYSICAL
301
FIG. 3
/3
BACK
OFFICE
SERVICE CHANNELS
d .
WEBSITE
DATABASE! MIDDLEWARE
.WEBSERVER
OIS
,.------------CARRIERS
TELCO WIRELESS CATV
! MIDDLEWARE
HARDWARE
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS
r. . ~ ~
~ ~
= ~
-----------; APPLICATIONS
HOST TP APPS
DIAL-UP
i i 1
!-------------'CALLCTR .IVR 'PC
4GL : APPLICATIONS
!--------------
_..________-: OPERATING i SYSTEM i

KIOSK
WALK.IN
-------------- CASH REGISTER LIVE TELLER
HARDWARE ~---------~--- 'ATM
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: HARDWARE
~ / ~
FIG. 4A
SERVICE CHANNELS
z 0 ~ I0' I\0
\0 \0
BACK
OFFICE
VJ
WEBSITE
BASE DATA i
WEB PAGE HARDWARE
MIDDLEWARE
r-------------'POSAPPS
DIAL-UP
TRANSWEB EXCHANGE
=~ ~ ..
CARRIERS
TELCO WIRELESS CATV
: MIDDLEARE
.WEBSERVER 'O/S
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS
Ul
----------~ APPLICATIONS
HOST TP APPS
!--------------
i i i
0 ~ I(j
~-------------
.CALLCTR 4GL : APPLICATIONS. 'IVR 'PC
_ _ ________~ OPERATING r-______________

WALK-IN
: SYSTEM . KIOSK
HARDWARE ~------------- ATM I
: HARDWARE CASH REGISTER
: LIVE TELLER
1/
Ul -.
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OC
--.
FIG.
48
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u.s. Patent
Nov. 16, 1999
Sheet 6 of 13
5,987,500
. .
. . . .
USER
~
. 100
TRANSACTIONS
BUlTON
500
WEB
PAGE 105
WEB SERVER 1M
FIG. 5A
G
100
OPERATOR AGENT
..
WEB SERVER
~
10
EXCHANGE 5Q
WEB PAGE
POINT-OFSERVICE APPLICATIONS 505 510
VAN
SWITCH
OBJECT ROUTER
520
FIG. 5B
(r;
u.s. Patent
Nov. 16, 1999
Sheet 7 of 13
5,987,500
,------------,
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I
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POINT-OF- SERVICE APPLICATIONS

BANK (1) CAR DEALER (2) PIZZERIA (3)
I
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510
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------
WEB PAGE 505
~XCHANGE 501~
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WEB SERVER 104
FIG. 5C
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u.s. Patent
Nov. 16, 1999
Sheet 8 of 13
5,987,500
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U.S. Patent
Nov. 16, 1999
Sheet 9 of 13
5,987,500
BANK
""-
WEB PAGE 104
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"-
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--- -.~-.-- --.
CAR DEALER
WEB PAGE
560
FIG. 5E
it
u.s. Patent
Nov. 16, 1999
Sheet 10 of 13
5,987,500
.----1 I 211
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u.s. Patent
Nov. 16,1999
Sheet 11 of 13
5,987,500
WEB
SERVER (NODE)
123.123.123.123
OBJECT
~
OBJECT
~ OTHER
OBJECTS
OBJECT
123.123.123.123.1
123.123.123.123.3
123.123.123.123.2
FIG.
68
;20
u.s. Patent
Nov. 16, 1999
Sheet 12 of 13
5,987,500
r VAN SWITCH 520
SWITCHING BOUNDARY
SERVICE SERVICE
702 701
1m 704
MANAGEMENT APPLICATION
SERVICE SERVICE
FIG. 7
d/
u.s. Patent
Nov. 16, 1999
Sheet 13 of 13
5,987,500
USER CONNECTS TO WEB SERVER RUNNING AN EXCHANGE
~
,.
L- 802
USER ISSUES REQUEST FOR TRANSACTIONAL APPLICATION
~804
T
WEB SERVER HANDS OFF REQUEST TO EXCHANGE
Ls806
,.
EXCHANGE ACTIVATES GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE TO PRESENT USER WITH LAST OF POSVC APPLICATION OPTIONS
~
.-8
808
t
USER
MAKES REQUEST FROM
~810
12
POSVC APPLICATION LIST
,.
SWITCHING COMPONENT IN EXCHANGE
SWITCHES USER TO
SELECTED POSVC APPLICATION
f
OBJECT ROUTING COMPONENT
~814
EXECUTES USER'S REQUEST
,.
DATA RETRIEVED FROM DATA REPOSITORY VIA TMP
~816
L581 8
,.
USER CONTINUES TRANSACTION (OPTIONAL) OR ENDS TRANSACTION
FIG. 8
~
+
c2?
5,987,500
1
2
application scripts must be created for each account, as
illustrated in FIG. IE. The ban thus has to create individual scripts for each of its services to offer usrs access to these
servces. User 100 can then interact in a liited fashion with
VALUE-ADDED NETWORK SYSTEM FOR
ENABUNG RE-TIME, BY-DIRCTIONAL

TRNSACTIONS ON A NETWORK
RELATD APPLICATONS
This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08nOO,726, filed Aug. 5, 1996, now U.S. PaL. No. 5,778,178.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
5 these individual applications. Creating and managing indi-
vidual CGI scripts for each service is not a viable solution for merchants with a large number of services. As tbe 'Web expands and electronic commerce becomes
more desirable, the need increases for robust, real-time, 10 bi-directional transactional capabilities on the Web. A true The present invention relates to the area of Internet real-time, bi-directional transaction would allow a user to communications. Specifcally, the present invention relates connect to a variety of services on the Web, and perform to a method and apparatus for configurable value-added real-time transactions on those services. For example, network switching and object routing. although user 100 can browse car dealer Web page 105
BACKGROUND OF TIE INVNTON

With the Internet and the World Wide Web ("the Web") evolving rapidly as a viable consumer medium for electronic
15 today, the user cannot purchase the car, negotiate a car loan or perform other types of real-time, two-way transactions
that he can perform with a live salesperson at the car

dealership. Ideally, user 100 in FIG. lA would be able to access car dealer Web page 105, select specifc transactions
20 that he desires to perform, such as purchase a car, and
commerce, new on-line services are emerging to fill the

needs of on-line users. An Internet user today can browse on
the Web via the use of a Web browser. Web browsers are
perform the purchase in real-time, with two-way interaction capabilities. CGI applications provide user 100 with a limsoftware interfaces that ru on Web clients to allow access ited ability for two-way interaction with car dealer Web page to Web servers via a simple user interface. A Web user's ios, but due to the lack of interaction and management capabilities today from a Web browser are, however, extremely limited. The user can perform one-way, browse- 25 between the car dealer and the bank, he wil not be able to obtain a loan and complete the purchase of the car via a CGI only interactions. Additionally, the user has limited application. The abilty to complete robust real-time, two"deferred" transactional capabilties, namely electronic mail
(e-mail) capabilities. E-mail capabilities are referred to as
way transactions is thus not truly available on the Web today.
"deferred transactions" because the consumer's request is
not processed until the e-mail is received, read, and the 30
SUMMARY OF WE INVNTON
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and appararu for providing real-time, two-way transactional capabilities on the Web. Specifically, one
embodiment of the present invention discloses a con
person or system reading the e-mail executes the transaction.
This transaction is thus not performed in real-time. FIG. lA ilustrates typical user interactions on the Web today. User 100 sends out a request from Web browser 102 35 in the form of a universal resource locator (URL) 101 in the following manner: http://ww.car.com. URL 101 is procesd by Web browser 102 that determines the URL corresponds to car dealer Web page 105, on car dealer Web
server 104. Web browser 102 then establihes browse link 40
figurable value-added network switch for enabling real-time transactions on the World Wide Web. The configurable value
added network switch compries means for switching to a transactional application in response to a user specifcation
from a World Wide Web application, means for transmitting
103 to car dealer Web page 105. User 100 can browse Web
page 105 and select "hot li" to jump to other 10cations in
a transaction request from the transctional application, and
a form on car dealer Web page 105, and e-mail the form to car dealer Web server 104. This interaction is still strictly a one-way browse mode communications link, with the e-mail providing limited, deferred transactional capabiliiies.
two-way servces on the Web via Common Gateway Inter-
means for procesing the tranction request. According to another aspect of the present invention, a This interaction is typically a browse-only interaction. method and apparatus for enablig object routing on the Under limited circumstances, the user may be able to fill out 45 World Wide Web is dislosed. The method for enabling
Web page 105, or to move to other Web pages on the Web.
object routing comprises the steps of creatig a virtal information store containing information entries and
attributes, associating each of the information entres and the
attributes wiih an object identity, and assigning a unique

network addres to each of the object identities.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present
Under liited circumstances, a user may have access to 50
The features and advantages of the presnt invention will dynamically executes the appropriate CGI script and transbe apparent from tbe accompanying drawings and from the mits the output of the execution back to toe requesting Web detailed description oi the present invention as set forth browser. This interaction can ihus be termed a "two-way" transaction. It is a severely limited transaction, however, 60 below. FIG. lA is an illustration of a current user's browse because each CGI application is customized for a particular capabilities on the Web via a Web browser. type of application or service. FIG. IB is an illustration of a current user's capabilities For example, as illustrated in FIG. IB, user 100 may to perform limited transactions on the Web via CGI appliaccess bank ISO's Web server and attempt to perform
transactions on checkig account 152 and to make a pay- 65 caiions.
face (CGI) applications. CGI is a standard interface for invention wil be apparent from the accmpanying drawings runing external programs on a Web server. It alows Web and from the detailed description. servers to .create documents dynamically when the server receives a request from the Web browser. When the Web 55 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF WE DRAWINGS server receives a request for a document, the Web server
ment on loan account 154. In order for user 100 to access

rhp.rk"ina ;:rr()iinl I '\1. ~nrl ln~n ~rrriiini 1 ~11 nn thp '\ph r~T
FIG.
2 illustrates a typical computer system on which tbe
nrpC"pnl inupntinn rr..u h"" Ht;l;..""ri
;)3
5,987,500
3
AG.3 ilustrates the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
ModeL.
4
and instructions. A data storage medium 208 contaiffng digital information is configured to operate with mass stor-
AG. 4A ilustrates conceptually the user value chain as it

exisL" today. .
age device 207 to allow processr 202 access to the digital information on data storage medium 208 via bus 201. Processr 202 may be any of a wide variety of general AG.4B illustrates one embodiment of the present inven- 5
purose processors or microprocessors such as the Pen-
tion.
tium microprocessor manufactured by InteJTM CorporaFIG. SA ilustrates a user accessing a Web server includtion or the Motorola 68040 or Power PCTM brand microing one embodiment of the present invention. processr manufactured by manufactured by Motorola AG. 5B ilustrates the exchange component according to 10 Corporation. It wil be apparent to those of ordinary skill in one embodiment of the present nvention. the art, however, that other varieties of processors may alo FIG. SC illustrates an example of a point-of-service be used in a particular computer system. Display device 205 may be a liquid crystal device, cathode ray tube (CRT), or (POSvc) application lit. other suitable display device. Mass storage device 207 may AG. 5D illustrates a user selecting a bank POSvc appli15 be a conventional hard disk drive, floppy disk drive, cation from the POSvc application list. CD-ROM drive, or other magnetic or optical data storage FIG. 5E illustrates a three-way transaction accordig to device for reading and writing information stored on a hard one embodiment of the present invention. disk, a floppy disk, a CD-ROM a magnetic tape, or other FIG. 6A ilustrates a value-added network (VAN switch. magnetic or optical data storage mediurn. Data storage FIG. 6B ilustrates the hierarchical addressing tree struc- 20 medium 208 may be a hard disk, a floppy disk, a CD-ROM, ture of the networked objects in DOLSIBs. a magnetic tape, or other magnetic or optical data storage AG. 7 ilustrates conceptually the layered architecture of medium. a VAN switch. In general, processor 202 retrieves processing instructions FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of and data from a data storage medium 208 using mass storage
the present invention.
25 device 207 and downloads this information into random access memory 203 for execution. Processor 202, then
203 or read-only memory 204. Command selections and information input at input device The present invention relates to a method and apparatus 30 flow of instructions executed by 206 are used to direct the procesr 202. Equivalent for configurable value-added network swtching and object input device 206 may also be a pointing device such as a routing and management. "Web browset' as usd in the conventional mouse or trackball device. The results of this context of the present specifcation includes conventional Web browsers such as NCSA Mosaic from NCSA and processing execution are then displayed o.n display device 205. Neiscape Mosaic from Netscape. The present invention 35 The preferred embodiment of the present invention is is independent of the Web browser being utilized and the implemented as a software module, which may be executed user can use any Web browser, without modifcations to the on a computer system such as computer system 200 in a Web browser. In the following detailed description, numerconventional manner. Using well known techniques, the OilS specific derails are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the presnt invention. It will be 40 application software of the preferred embodiment is stored on data storage medium 208 and subsequently loaded into apparent to one of ordinary skil in the art, however, that and executed within computer system 200. Once initiated, these specifc details need not be used to practice the present the softare of the preferred embodiment operates in the invention. In other instances, well-known strctures, intermaner described below. faces and proceses have not been shown in detail in order
not to unecessariy obscure the present invention.
45
FIG.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF TIE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
executes an instruction stream from random access memory
3 ilustrates the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
AG. 2 illustrates a typical computer system 200 in which the present invention operates. The preferred embodiment of
the present invention is implemented on an IBMTM. Personal
reference modeL. OSI Model 300 is an international standard
Computer manufactured by IBM Corporation of Armonk, N.Y. Alternate embodiments may be implemented on a 50
that provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development, for the purpos of systems interconnection. The present invention is implemented to function as a
routing switch within the "application layet' of the OSI
Macintosh computer manufactured by Apple

Computer, Incorprated of Cupertino, Calif. It wil be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that other alternative
computer system architectures may also be employed.
modeL. The model defines seven layers, with each layer
comrnunicating with its peer layer in another node through

the use of a protocol. Physical layer 301 is the lowest layer,
with responsibility to transmit unstructured bits across a

link. Data li layer 302 is the next layer above physical
In general, such computer systems as ilustrated by FIG. 5S

2 compris a bus 201 for communicating information, a
procesr 202 coupled with the bus 201 for proceing
layer 301. Data link layer 302 transmits chunk across the link and deaLs with problems lie checksumming to detect
data corniption, orderly coordination of the use of shared information, main memory 203 coupled with the bus 201 for media and addressing when multiple systems are reachable. storing information and instructions for the processor 202, a read-only memoiy 204 coupled with the bus 201 for storing 60 Network bndges operate within data link layer 302. Network layer 303 enables any pair of systems in the static information and instructions for the processor 202, a network to communicate with each other. Network layer 303 display device 205 coupled wiih the bus 201 for displaying
information for a computer user, an input device 206 coupled with the bus 201 for communicating information
contains hardware units such as routers, that handle routing,
packet fragmentation and reassembly of packets. Transport

layer 304 establishes a reliable communication stream
and comrnand selections to the processr 202, and a mass 65
storage device 207, such as a magnetic disk and associated
, . .
between a pair of systems, dealing with errors such as lost
21
5,987,500
5
tation. Session layer 305 offers services above the simple communication stream provided by transport layer 304. These services include dialog control and chaining. Presentation layer 306 provides a means by which OSI compliant applications can agree on representations for data. Finally, application layer 307 includes services such as fie transfer, access and management services (FlAM), clectropic mail
and virtual terminal (VI services. Application layer 307
6
example, user 100 can select button 500, entitled "Transctions" and Web seiver 104 hands user 100's request over to the exchange component. The button and the title can be replaced by any mechanism that can instruct a Web server to
hand over the consumer's request to the exchange component.
FIG. 5B illustrates exchange SOl. Exchange 501 comprises Web page 50S and point-of-service (POSvc) applications 510. Exchange SOl als conceptually includes a
switching component and an object routing component
provides a means for application programs to access the OSI

environment. As described above, the present invention is 10
implemented to function as a routing switch in application layer 307. Application layer routing creates an open channel for the management, and the selective flow of data from
remote databases on a network.
A Overview
15 can also reside on a separate computer system that resides on
(described in more detail below). POSvc applications 510 are transactional applications, namely applications that are designed to incorporate and take advantage of the capabilities provided by the present invention. Although exchange 501 is depicted as residing on Web server 104, the exchange
the Internet and has an Internet address. Exchange 501 may
FIG. 4A ilustrates conceptually the user value chain as it existS today. The user value chain in FIG. 4A depicts the
also include operator agent 503 that interacts with a man-
types of transactions that are performed today, and the

channels through which the transactions are performed. A
"transaction" for the purposes of the present invention 20
agement manager (described in more detail below). Exchange 501 creates and allows for the management (or
distributed control) of a seivice network, operating within the boundaries of an IP-based facilties network. Thus,
exchange 501 and a management agent component,
includes any type of commercial or other type of interaction that a usr may want to perform. Examples of transactions include a deposit into a bank account, a request for a loan from a bank, a purchase of a car from a car dealership or a
purchase of a car with fiancing from a banle A
described in more detail below, under the headings "VAN
Switch and Object Routing," together perform the

switching, object routing, application and service management functions according to one embodiment of the present invention.
large variety 25
of other transactions are also possible.
A typical user transaction today may involve user 100 Exchange 501 processes the consumer's request and walkg into a bank or driving up to a teller macmne, and displays an exchange Web page 50S that includes a list of interacting with a live bank teller, or automated teller machine ('M) software applications. Alternatively, user 30 POSvc applications 510 accessible by exchange SOl. A POSvc application is an application that can execute the type 100 can perform the same transaction by using a personal
computer (PC), activating application software on his PC to
access his bank accunt, and dialing into the bank via a
modem line. If usr 100 is a Web user, however, there is no current mechanism for performing a robust, real-time trans- 35 ports HyperText Markup Laguage as the graphical user interface component. Virtual Reality Markup Language and action with the bank as illustrated in FIG. 4A CGI scripts Java are aLso supported by thi embodiment. A varety of provide only limited two-way capabilities, as desibed other graphical user intedace standards can also be utiized above. Thus, due to this lack of a robust mechanism by to implement the grapliical user interface. which real-time Web transactions can be performed, the An example of a POSvc application list is illustrated in ban is unable to be a (rue "Web merchant," namely a 40 FIG. 5C. User 100 can thus select from POSvc applications merchant capable of providing complete transactional services on the Web.
Bank 510(1), Car Dealer 510(2) or Pizzeria 510(3). Numer-
of transaction that the user may be interested in performing. The POSvc list is displayed via the graphical usr interface component. One embodiment of the present invention sup-
According to one embodiment of the present invention, as
ous other POSvc applications can als be included in this
ilustrated in FIG. 4B, each merchant that desires to be a
selection. If user 100 desires to pedorm a number of bankng Web merchant can provide real-time transactional capabili- 45 transactions, and selects the Bank application, a Ban POSvc application wil be activated and presented to usr ties to users who desire to access the merchants' services via
the Web. This embodiment includes a service network

runing on top of a facilities network, namely the Internet,
100, as ilustrated in FIG. SO. For the purposes of
ilustration, exchange 501 in FIG. 50 is shown as running on

applications (computer system 200). Exchange 501 may,
the Web or e-mail networks. For the purposes of this

the Web via Web server "switching" sites. (Switching is described in more detail below). Users may also utilize other personal devices such as network computers or cellular
devices to access the merchants' services via appropriate
a different computer system (Web server 104) from the application, users are described as utilzing PC's to access 50 computer systems of the Web merchants running POSvc
however, also be on the same computer system as one or more of the computer systems of the Web merchants. Once Bank POSvc application 510 has been activated,
the application to perform bankng transactions, thus access-
switching sites. These switching sites include non-Wen 55 user 100 will be ahle to connect to Bank services and utilize
network computer sites and cellular provider sites. Five
ing data from a host or data repository 575 in the Bank components interact to provide this service network "Back Offce." The Bank Back Offce comprises legacy functionality, namely ,an exchange, an operator agent, a databases and other data repositories that are utilized by the management agent, a management manager and a grapmcal user interface. Al five components are described in more 60 Bank to store its data. Ths connection between usr 100 and
detail below.
Bank services is managed by exchange 501. As illustrated in
As ilustrated in FIG. 5A, user 100 accesses Web server 104. Having accessed Web server 104, user 100 can decide
that he desires to perform real-time transactions. When Web
server 104 receives user 100's indication that he desires 10 65
FIG. 5D, once the connection is made between Bank POSvc
application 510(1), for example, and Bank services, an

operator agent on Web server 104 may be activated to ensure the availability of distributed functions and capabilities. Each Web merchant may choose the types of services that
;, Hu.."l,l '~i."" Iri r\~'f"'r ;Ic- ..I;nlc- rn ,h;c- v..r...H..l.o ;f 0....1,
perform real-time transactions, the request is handed over 10 n~ ""'r..h......"' ................1 ".... ~_.... 'tI/..h .....,."' ill" t....
;~(
5,987,500
7
decided to include in their POSvc application acce to
checking and savings accounts, user 100 will be able to
perform real
8
identity. The networked object identity identifies the information entres and attributes in the DOLSIB as individual networked objects, and each networked object is assigned an
"time transactions against his checkig and
savings accounts. Thus, if user 100 moves $500 from his

checking account into his savings account, the transction 5
Internet address. The Internet address is asigned based on

the IP address of the node at which the networked object resides. For example, in FIG. SA, Web seiver 104 is a node on the Iniernet, with an IP address. All networked object assciated
will be performed in real-time, in the same manner the

transaction would have been performed by a live teller at the
bank or an AI machine. Therefore, unlike his prior access to his account, user 100 now has the capability to do more with Web seiver 104 will therefore be assigned au Internet than browse his bank account. The ability to perform these 10 address based on the Web server 104's IP address. These types of robust, real-time transactions from a Web client is networked objects thus "branch" from the node, creating a a signifcant aspect of the present invention. hierarchical tree structure. The Internet address for each
Bank cao. also decide to provide other types of services in
networked object in the tree essentially establihes the
POSvc application 510(1). For example, Bank may agree individual object as an "IP-reachable" nr accesible node on with Car dealership to allow Bank cutomers to purchase a 15 the Internet. TMP utilizes this Internet address to uniquely car from that dealer, request a car loan from Dank and have identify and access the object from the DOLSIB. FIG. 6B the entire transaction performed on the Web, as illustrated in illustrates an example of this hierarchical addressing tree FIG. 5E. In this instance, the tranactions are not merely strctue. two-way, between the user and Bank, but three-way, Each object in the DOLSIB has a name, a syntax and an amongst the consumer, Bank and Car dealership. According 20 encoding. The name is an administratively assigned object to one aspect of the present invention, this three-way translD specifying an object iype. The object type together with action can be expanded to n-way transactions, where n the object instance seives to uniquely identify a specific represents a predetermined number of merchants or other instantiation of the object. For example, if object 610 is service providers who have agreed to cooperate to provide information about models of cars, then one instance of that services to users. The present invention therefore allows for 25 object would provide user 100 with information about a "any-to-any" communication and transactions on the Web, specific model of the car while another instance would thus facilitating a large, flexible variety of robust, real-time provide information about a diferent model of the car. The
transactions on the Web.
syntax of an object type defines the abstract data strcture
Finally, Bank may also decide to provide intra-merchant

or intra.bank services, together with the inter-merchant 30
corresponding to that object type. Encoding of objects
defines how the object is represented by the object type

syntax while being transmitted over the network.
services described above. For example, if Bank creates a POSvc application for use by the Bank Payroll department, Bank may provide its own employees with a means for submitting timecards for payroll processing by the Bank's Human Resources (HR) Department. An employee selects 35 the Ban HR POSvc application, and submits his timecard. The employee's timecard is procesd by accessg the
employee's payroll information, stored in the Bank's Back
Offce. The transaction is thus processed in real-tie, and the
C. Management and Administration As described above, exchange 501 and management agent
601 together constitute a VAN switch. FIG. 7 ilustrates

conceptually the layered architecture of VAN switch 520.
Specifcally, boundary service 701 provides the interfaces between VAN switch 520, the Internet and the Web, and
multi-media end user devices such as PCS, televisions or telephones. Boundary seivice 701 also provides the interface
employee receives his paycheck immediately.
40 to the on-line seivice provider. A usr can connect to a local

application, namely one accessible via a local VAN switch,
B. Van Switching and Object Routing As describe above, exchange SOl and management agent
601, illustrated in FI G. 6A, together constitute a value-added
or be routed or "switched" to an application accessible via

a remote VAN switch. Switching servce 702 is an OSI application layer switch. Switching seivice 702 thus represents the core of the VAN switch. It performs a number of tasks including the routing
network (VAN switch. These two elements may take on

diferent roles as necessary, including peer-to-peer, client- 45
server or master-slave roles. Management manager 603 is ilustrated as residing on a separate computer system on the Internet. Management manager 603 can, however, also reside on the same machine as exchange 501. Management manager 603 interacts with the operator agent 503 reiding 50
on exchange 501.
of user connections to remote VAN switches, descnbed in the paragraph above, multiplexing and prioritization of
requests, and flow control. Switching servce 702 also

faciltates open systems' connectivity with both the Internet
(a public swtched network) and private networks including
nected application layer switches form the application net-
VAN swtch 520 provides multi-protocol object routing,
back offce networks, such as bang networks. Interconwork backbone. These switches are one significant aspect of
present invention. .
depending upon the specifc VAN services chosen. Ths

multi-protocol object routing is provided via a proprietary
incorporates the same security featues as the traditional
protocol, TransWeb Management Protocol (fP). TMP 55 the
Management Services (NMS). These oels are used by the mechanims, including RSA security mechanisms. end users 10 manage network resources, including VAN One embodimenl of the present invention utilizes TMP 60 switches. Management seivice 703 also provides applicaand distributed on-line service information bases tions tbat perform Operations, Administration, Maintenance & Provisioning (OAM&P) functions. These OAM&P func(DOLSIBs) (Q perform object routing. Alternatively, TMP can incorporate s-HTr, Java, the WinSock API or ORB tions include security management, fault management, conwith DOLSIBs 10 perform object routing. DOLSIBs are figuration management, performance management and bil-
Simple Network Management Protocol, SNMP. It also allows for ihe integration of oiher traditional security
Management service 703 cnntains tools such as Information Management Seivices (IMS) and application Network
virtual information stores optimized for networkig. Al 65 ing management. Providing OAM&P functions for information entries and attributes in a DOLSIB virtual applications in this manner is another significant aspect of
;2~7
5,987,500
9
Finally, application service 704 contains application programs that deliver customer services. Application service
10
transactional application further includes means for creating a transaction link between said network application and said
tranactional application.
704 includes POSvc applications such as Bank POSvc
described above, and illustrated in FIG. 6A. Other examples 4. The configurable value-added network switch as of VAN services include multi-media messaging, archivaV 5 claimed in claim 2 wherein said means for receiving said retrieval management, directory services, data staging, usr specificatioii further comprises: ccnferencing, fiancial services, home bankg, rik manmeans for presenting said user with a lit of transactional agement and a variety of other vertical services. Each VAN applications, each of said transactional application service is designed to meet a partiailar set of requirements being asciated with a partiailar value-added network related to performance, reliability, maintenance and ability 10 service provider; and to handle expected traffc volume. Depending on the type of means for submitting said user specification according to service, the characteritics of the network elements will
difer. VAN servce 704 provides a number of functions including communications services for both management
FlG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of
a user's selection of said transactional application from
said list of transactional applications.

5. The configurable value-added network switch as
and end usrs of the network and control for the user over 15 claimed in claim 1 wherein said means for processing said the user's environment.
transaction request further compriss mean for coupling

the present invention. A user connects to a Web server

running an exchange component in step 802. In step 804, the user isues a request for a transactional application, and the 20
said means for tranmitting to a host means.
web server hands off the request to an exchange in step 806. The exchange activates a graphical user interface to present
usr with a list of POSvc application options in step 808. In
claimed in claim 5 wherein said bost means contain data corresponding to said transaction request.
claimed in claim 1 wherein said value-added network ser-
step 810, the user makes a selection from the POSvc
vice prov'iders cooperating to provide said plurality of

application list. In step 812, the switching component in the 25 transactional services to users.
exchange switches the user to the selected POSvc
application, and in step 814, tbe object routing component

executes the user's request. Data is retrieved from the
claimed in claim l' further comprising means for controlling
appropriate data repository via TMP in step 816, and fially, the user may optionally continue the transaction in step 818 30
or end the transaction.
and prioritiZing multiple transaction requests initiated by various users.

claimed in claim 1 further compriing means for providing

security management, fault management, configuration
Thus, a configurable value-added network switching and
method for configuring said value-added network switch those of ordinary skl in the art wiihoul departing from the compromising the steps of: scope of the present invention. Although this invention has switching to a transactional application in response to a been shown in relation to a particular preferred embodiment, usr specification from a netWork application, said it should not be considered so limited. Rather, the present 40 transactional application providing a user with a pluinvention is limited only by the scope of the appended rality of transactional servces managed by at least one claim. value-added network service provider, said valueWe claim: added network service provider keeping a transaction 1. A configurable value-added network switch for flow captive, said plurality of transactional services enabling real-time transactions on a network, said confg- 45
urable value-added network switch compromising:
10. A method for confguring a value-added network merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. 35 sv"itch for enabling real-time transactions on a network, said Numerous modifcations in form and detail may be made by
object routing methcx and apparatu is disclosed. These specifc arrangements and methods described herein are
management, pedormance management and biling management.
being pedormed interactively and in real time;
transmitting a transaction request from said transactional means for switching to a transactional application in application; and processing said transaction request. response to a user specification from a network' 11. The method for coiifiguring said value-added network application, said transactional application providing a usr with a plurality of transactional services managed 50 switch as claime~ in claim 10 wherein said step of switching to a transactional application further comprises the steps of: by at least one value-added network service provider, said value-added network service provider keeping a receiving said user specifcation; transaction flow captive, said plurality of transactional enabling a switch to said transactional application; and
servces being performed interactively and in real time;
activating said transactional application.
means for transmilting a transaction request from said 55 12. The method for configuring said value-added network transactional application; and sv"itch as claimed in claim 11 wherein said step of activating means for processing said transaction request. said transactional application further includes a step of
creating a transaction link between said network application
claimed in claim 1 wherein said means for switching to a 60 and said transactional application. transactional application further compris: 13. The method for configuring said value-added network switch as claimed in claim 11 further comprising the steps means for receiving said user specification;
means for enabling a switch to said transactional appliof:
cation; and
means for activating said transactional application. 65

3. The configurable value-added networ~,_s_~~t~h as
..1..;..""r1 ;.. ..1..;.. "" ~..h.._..:~ ~~:.. _____ __
controlling security; performing fault management; providing configuration management;
c21
5,987,500
11 enabling biling management.
14. The method for configuring said value-added network
12
to perform OperatioDS, Administration, Maintenance & Provisioning (OAM&P) functions. 27. An object router on a network, said object router comprising: meaDS for associaiing an object identity with information
switch as claimed in claim 11 wherein said step of receiving

said user specification further compries steps of:
presenting said user with a list of transactional
applications, ez.ch C' said transactional application
being asociated wilb a particular Internet service pro-
vider; and
submitting said user specification according to a usr's
selection of said traDSactional application from said list 10
of transactional applicatioDS.
entries and attributes, wherein the object identity represents a networked object; means for storing said information entries and said attributes in a virtual information store; and meaDS for asigning a unique network address to said
object identity.
15. The method for configuring said value-added network
switch as claimed in claim 10 wherein said step of process-
28. The object router in claim 27 wherein said meaDS for associating said object identity with said information entries ing said transaction request further comprises the step of traDSmitting said traDSaction request to a host means. 15 and said attributes in said virtual information store further includes means for associating a name, a syntax and an 16. The method for configuring said value-added network
encoding for said object identily.
switch as claimed in claim 15 wherein said host means
contaiDS data corresponding to said transaction request.
17. The method for configurig said value-added network

switch as claimed in claim 10 wherein said value-added 20
network service providers cooperate to provide said plurality of transactional services to said user. 18. The method for confguring said value-added network
switch as claimed in claim 10 further compriing the step of
controlling and prioritizing multiple transaction requests 25
29. The object router in claim 28 wherein said name of said object identity specifies an object type. 30. The object router in claim 29 wherein said object type and an object instance uniquely identify an instantiation of
said object type.
31. The object router in claim 30 wherein said syntax

defines a data structure for said object type.
32. The object router in claim 27 further comprising
initiated by various users.

19. A method for enabling object routing on a network, said method for enabling object rouling comprising the steps
of:
asciating an object identity with information entries and
means for utiliing said unique network address to identify

and route said object identity on the network.
33. The object router in claim 27 further comprising
30 and route said object identity on the Internet. 34. The object router in claim 27 further comprising the attributes, wherein the object identity represents a netstep of utiliing said unique network address of said object worked object;
identity to perform Operations, Administration, Mainte-
means for utilizing said unique network address to identify
storing said information entries and said attributes in a
virtual information store; and asigning a unique network address to said object identity. 20. The method in claim 19 wherein said step of associating said object identity with said inforination entries and
said attributes in said virtual information store further
nance & Provisioning (OAM&P) functioDS.

35
35. A configurable value-added network system for
enablig real-time transactions on a network, said configurable value-added network system comprising:
includes the step of associating a name, a syntax and an 40 encoding for said object identity.
meaDS for switching to a transactional application in response to a user specification from a network application, said transactional application providing a
user with a plurality of transactional services managed
by at least one value-added network service provider,
21. The method in claim 20 wherein said name associated with said object identity specifies an object type. 22. The method in claim 21 wherein said object type and
an object iDStance uniquely identify an instantiation of said 45
object type.
23. The method in claim 22 wherein said syntax defies

a data structure for said object type.
said value-added network service provider keeping a tranaction flow captive, said plurality of transactional services being performed interactively and in real time; means for activating an agent to create a transaction link
between said user application and said transactional application;
24. The method in claim 19 further comprising the step of

utiliing said unique network address to identify and route 50
said object identity on the network.
25. The method in claim 19 further comprising the step of

utiliing said unique network address to identify and route
meaDS for transmitting a transaction request from said transactional application; and a host meaDS for processing said transaction request and
retrieving data corresponding to said transaction
said object identity on the Internet.
request.
.. ..
..
26. The method in claim 19 further comprising the step of 55 utiliing said unique network address of said objeet identity
..
..
:Jet
EXHIBITB
11111111111111111111111111111111 11111 1111111111 1111111111 1111111111 11111111
U8008108492B2
(12) United States Patent

Arunachalam
(54) WEB APPLICATION NETWORK PORTAL
(76) Inventor: Lakshmi Arunachalam, MenJo Park,
(10) Patent No.: (45) Date of Patent:

4,984,155 A
5,125,091 A 5,148,474 A 5,159,632 A 5.231,566 A
US 8,108,492 B2
Jan. 31, 2012
1/1991 GeleretaL
6i1 992 Staas, Jr. et al.
C!\ (US)
( ,.) I-.otjce:
9/1992 Harampoulos ct al. 10/ 1992 Cradall

71 I 993 BJulinger et al.
Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofilis
5,239,62 A
5.285,383 A 5,297,249 A 5.329,589 A
patent is extended or adjusted under 35

U.S.c. 154(b) by 0 days.'
8/1993 Dani el son et al. 2/1994 Lindsey et:il. 3/1994 Bernstein et al.
5.29,619 A
(21) App!. No.: 12/628,060
5,347,632 A
(22) Filed:
(65)
N "v. 30, 2009
5.67,635 A 5,383,lB A
5.404,523 A
7/1994 Fraser et ai. 7/1994 Page et al. 9/1994 FiJepp et al. 11/1994 Bauer et al. 111995 Kight et al.
4/1995 Dellafer. et al.
Prior Publication Data

US 2010/0306102 Al
Dec. 2,2010
(Continued)
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
Related U.S. Application Data

(60)
Division of application No. I 1/980, I 85, filed on Oct.
WO WOOOi63781 AI 10/2000
WO W097/18515 AI 5/1997
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
30, 2007, now Pat. No. 8,037,158, which is a continuation-in-par of application No. 09/792,323,
filed on Feb. 23, 2001, now Pat. No. 7,340,506, which
u.s. Appl. No. 12/268,060, filed Nov. 30, 2009, Arnachalam.

U.S. Appl. No. 12/628,066, filed Nov. 30, 2009, Arnachalam. u.S. App!. No. 121628,068, filed Nov. 30, 2009, Arnachalam.
is a division of application No. 09/296,207, fied on Apr. 21, 1999, now Pat. No. 6,212,556, which is a continuation-in-par of application No. 08/879,958,
filed on lun. 20, 1997, now Pat. No. 5,987,500, which is a division of application No. 081700,726, filed on Aug. 5, i 996, now Pat. No. 5,778,178.
(60)
(51 )
U.S. App!. No. i 2/628,069, fied Nov. 30, 2009, Arunachalam.
(Continued)
Primary Examiner - "et Vu
Provisional application No. 60/006,634, filed on Nov.
13,1995.
(57)
ABSTRACT
Int.CI.
G06F 13/00 (2006.01)

U.S. CI. ........................ 709/219; 709/225; 709/228 Field of Classification Search ....... ........... 709/2 17,
(52) (58)
The present invention provides a method and apparanis for providing real-time, two-way transactional capabilities on the Web. Specifically, one embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for enabling object routing, the method
comprising the ste.ps of creating a virtal infonnation store
709/219,223,224,225,227,229
See applicationle for complete search history.
(56)
4,829,372 A 4,851,988 A
containing information entries and attributes associating each
of the iinormation cntrcs and the attributes with an objcct

identity, and assigning a unique network address to each of the object identities. A method is also disclosed for enabling
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13 Claims, 13 Drawing Sheets
OPERTOR
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Jan. 31, 2012 Sheet 7 of 13
US 8,108,492 B2
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US 8,108,492 B2
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Sheet 11 of 13
US 8,108,492 B2
WEB
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Jan. 31, 2012
Sheet 12 of 13
US 8,108,492 B2
r VAN SWITCH S2
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17
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Jan. 31, 2012
Sheet 13 of 13
US 8,108,492 B2
USER CONNECT TO WEB SERVER

RUNNING AN EXCHANGE
~
.+
.-80
USER ISSUES REQUEST FOR
TRANSACTIONA APPUCATION
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EXCHANGE ACTIVATES GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE TO PRESENT USER WITH LAST OF POSVC APPlICATION OPTIONS
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US 8,108,492 B2
1
WEBAPPUCATION NETIVORK PORTAL

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
2
external progrms on a Web server. It allows Web servers to
create documents dynamically when the server receives a

request from the Web browser. When the Web server receives
a reuest for a document, the Web server dynamically
5 executes the appropnate CGI script aiid transmits the output
This application is a divisiona and claims the priority

benefit of
interaction can thus bc termed a "two-way" transaction. H is Oct. 30, 2007 now U.S. Pat. No. 8,037,158, which is a cona severely limited transaction, however, because each CGI tinuation-in-pal1 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/792, 323, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,340,506, fied Feb. 23, 2001, which 10 application is customized for a particular type of application or service. is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/296,207, For example, as illustrated in FIG.IB, user 100 may access filed Apr. 21,1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,212,556, which is a bank 150's Web server and attempt to perform transactions on continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. checking account 152 and to make a payment on loan account 08/879,958, now U.s. Pat. No. 5,987,500, filed Jun. 20, 1997, which is a divisional and claims the priority benefit of U.S. J 5 154. In order for user 100 to access checking account 152 and loan account 154 on the Web, CGI application scripts must be patent application Se. No. 081700,726, now U.S. Pat. No. created for each account, as illustrated in FIG. 1 B. The bank 5,778,178, filed Aug. 5, 1996, which clainis the priority benefit of U.S. provisional application 60/006,634 filed Nov. 13, thus has to crete individual scripts for each of its services to 1995. TIs application also claims benefit under 35 V.S.c. ofir users acces to these services. User 100 can then interact 1 19(e) to U.S. Provisional application Ser. No. 60/006,634 20 in a limited fashion with these individual applications. Crefiled Nov. 13, 1995. The following applications are related ating and managing individual cm scripts for each servce is applications: application Ser. Nos. 09/863,704; 12/628,066; not a viable solution for merchants with a lare number of 12/628,068; 12/628,069, 12/932,758 and 60/206,422. services. As the Web expands and electrnic conuerce becmes BACKGROUND 25 more desirable, the need increases for robust, real-time, bidirectional transactional capabilities on the Web. A tre real1. Field of thc Invcntion time, bi-directional trnsaction would allow a user to connect The present invention relates to the area of Internet comto a vanety of seivices on the Web, and perform real-time municatioiis. Specifically, the present invention rclates to a traiisactions on those services. For example, although user method and apparanis for configurable value-added network 30 100 can browse car dealer Web page ios today, the user switching and object routing. cannot purchase the car, negotiate a car loan or perform other 2. BackgrolUld of the Invention With the Internet and the World Wide Web ("the Web") types of real-time, two-way transactions that he can perform with a livc salesperson at the car dealership. Ideally, uscr 100 evolving rapidly as a viable consumer medium for electronic commerce, new on-line services are emerging to fill the nees 35 in FIG. IA would be able to access car dealer Web page ios, select specific transactions that he desires to perform, such as of on-line users. An Internet user today can browse on the Wcb via thc use of a Wcb browscr. Wcb browscrs arc softwarc purchase a car, and perform the purchase in real-time, with interfaces that run on Web clients to allow access to Web two-way interaction capabilities. CGI applications provide servers via a simple user interface. A Web user's capabilities user 100 with a limited ability for two-way interaction with today from a Web browser are, however, extremely limited. 40 cardea ler Web page LOS, but due to the lack ofinterdciion and The user can perform one-way, browse-only interactions. management between the car dealer and the ban, he will not Additionally, the user has limited "defimed" transactional be able to obtain a loan and complete the purchase of the car capabilities, namely electronic mail (e-mail) capabilities. via a CG1 application. The ability to complete robust realE-mail capabilties are referrd to as "deferred transactions" time, two-way tr,lIsactions is thus not trly available on the
because the consumer's request is not prossed until the
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/980,185 filed
of the execution back to the requesting Web browser. This
e-mail is received, read, and the person or system reading the
45 Web today.
e-mail executes the transaction. TIs transaction is thus not performed in real-time. FIG. lA illustrates tyical user interactions on the Web
'today. User 100 sends out a
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of
the preent invention to provide
request from Web browser 102 in 5Q
the form of a universal resoun:e locator (URL) 101 in the following maner: http://www.car.com. URL 101 is processed by Web browser 102 that determines the URL corresponds to car dealer Web page 105, on car dealer Web server
a method and apparatus for providing real-time, two-way 1ransaciional capabilities on the Web. Specifically, one
embodiment of tIie present invention discloses a configuable value-added network switch for enabling real-time transactions on the World Wide Web. TIie configurable value added
104. Web browser 102 then establishes browse link 103 to car 55
dealer Web page 1 05. User 100 can browse Web page ios and
network switch comprises means for switching to a trsac-
action request from the transactional application, and means typically a browse-only inteniction. Under limited cirumfor processing the transaction request. stances. the user may be able to fill out a form on car dealer 60 According to another aspect of the present invention, a Web page ios, and e-mail the form to car dealer Web server nieiliod and ailparatus fix enabling object routing on the 104. TIs inter.ction is still strictly a one-way browse mode World Wide Web is disclosed. The method tor enabling object conuiimications link, with the e-mail providing liinited, routing comprises the steps of creating a virtual infonnation deferred transactional capabilities. store containing information entries and attributes, associatUnder limited circumstances, a user may have access to 65 iiig each of
select "hot links" to jump to other locations in Wcb pagc 105, or to move to other Web pages on the Web. TIs interaction is
(ional application in response to a user specification from a

World Wide Web application, means for trsmitting a trans-
two-way services on the Web via Coiimon Gateway lnterf;ice
the information entnes and tIie at1nbutes with an
(CG!) applications. CGI is a standard iiitcrtce lor ninning
object identity, and assigning unique network address to each of the object idcntitics.
f1
US 8, i 08,492 B2
3
Other objects, features and advantages of the present
invention will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and from the detailed description.
4
of ordinary skill in the art that other alternative computer
system architectures may also be employed. In genei;l, such computer systems as illusti;ted by FIG. 2 comprise a bus 201 for communicating information, a pro5 cessor 202 coupled with the bus 201 for processing infonna-
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWlNGS
tion, main memory 203 coupled with the bus 201 for storing
Toe featiires and advantages ofihe present invention will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and from the detailed description of the present invention as set forth
below.
FIG. 1 A is an iIlustration of a current user's browse capa-
bilities on the Web via a Web browser. FIG. IB is an iIlustration of a current user's capabilities to
perform limited transactions on the Web via CGI applications.
FIG. 2 iIlustrates a tyical computer system on which the present invention may be utilized. FIG. 3 ilustrates the Open Systems Interconneciion (OSI)
ModeL.
FIG. 4A illustrates conceptually the user value chain as it

exists today.
FIG. 4B illustrates one embodiment of
the present inven-
tion. FI G. SA illustrates a user accessing a Web server including

one embodiment of
information and instrctions for thc processor 202, a rcadonly memory 204 coupled with the bus 201 for storig static information and instrctions for the processor 202, a display 10 device 205 coupled with the bus 201 for displaying information for a computer user, an input device 206 coupled with the bus 201 for communicating information and command selections to the processor 202, and a mass storage device 207, such as a magnetic disk and associated disk drive, coupled 5 with the bus 201 for storing in1onnation and instrctions. A data storage medium 208 containing digital informtion is configured to operate with mass storage device 207 to allow processor 202 access to the digital information on data storage medium 208 via bus 201. 20 Processor 202 may be any of a wide variety of general purose processors or microproessors such as the Pentium microprocessor manufactured by Intel Corporation or the Motorola 68040 or Power PCC bi;nd microprocessor manufactured by manufactured by Motorola Corpora25 tion. Jt wiIl be apparent to those of ordinar skill in the art,
however, that othervarieLies of
processors may also be used in
FIG. 5B illustrates the exchange component according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5C ilustrates an example of a point-of-service
(POSvc) application list.
FIG. 5D ilustrates a user
a particular computer system. Display device 205 may be a liquid crystal device, cathode ray tube (CRT), or other suitable display device. Mass storage device 207 may be a con30 ventional hard disk drive, floppy disk drive, CD-ROM drive,
or other magneiic or opiical data stonige device for reading selecting a bank POSvc applicaand writing inforniation stored on a hard disk, a floppy disk, tion from the POSvc application list. a CD-ROM a magnetic tape, orotlier magnetic oroptical data FIG. 5E illustrates a three-way transaction according to one embodiment of storage medium. Data storage medium 208 may be a hard the present invention. FIG. 6A illustrates a value-added network (VAN) switch. 35 disk, a floppy disk, a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, or other magnetic or optical data storge medium. FIG. 6B illustrates the hierarchical addressing tree strucIn general, processor 202 retrieves proccssing instructions ture oftlie networked objects in DOLSIBs. and data from a data storage mediwn 208 using mass storage FIG. 7 illustrates conceptually the layered architecture of a VAN switch. device 207 and downloads this infonuation into random FIG. 8 is a flow diagrm iIlustrting one emboiment of the 40 access memory 203 for execution. Processor 202, then executes an inslniction stream from random access memory present invention.
203 or read-only memory 204. COlliand selections and

information input at input device 206 are used to direct the flow of instructions executed by processor 202. Equivalent The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for 45 input device 206 may also be a pointing device such as a configurable va lue-added network switching and object roUlconventional mouse or trackhall device. The results of this ing and management. "Web browser" as used in the context of processing execution arc then displayed on display device the present specification includes conventional Web browsers 205. such as NCSA Mosaic from NCSA and Netscape TIie preferred embodiment of the present invention is Mosaic from Netscape. The present invention is inde- implemented as a softv"are module, which may be executed 50 pendent of the Web browser being utilized and the user can on a compuier system such as compuier sysiem 200 in a use any Web browser, without modifications to the Web conventiomi! manner. Using well known tccluiiques, the
browser.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In ihe following detailed description, nwiierous spe-
application softareQfthe preferred embodiment is stored on
cific details are set fort in order to provide a thorough underdata storage medium 208 and subsequently loaded into and standing of the present invention. It will be apparent to one of 55 executed within computer system 200. Once initiated, the ordinary skil in the art, however, that these specific details software of he preferred emlxdiinent operates in the manner need not be used to practice the prescnt invention. In other described below. instances, well-known structures, interfaces and processes FIG. 3 illustrates the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) have not been shown in detail in order not to wiecessarly reference niodel. OSI Model 300 is an international standard obscure the present invention. 60 that provides a common basis for the coordination of stanFIG. 2 iJlustrd!es a typical computer system 200 in which dad~ devdopment, for the purpose of ~;ystems interconnecthe present invention operatcs. TIie preferred embodiment of tion. TIie present invention is implemented to function as a
rol1ing switch witliin the "application layer" of the OSI Computer manufactured by IBM Corporation of Armonk, modeL. The model defines seven layers, with each layer collN.Y. Altemate embodiments may be implemented on a 65 municating with its peer layer in another node through the use Macintosh computer manufaclure by Apple Computer, of a protocol. Physical layer 301 is the lowest layer, with Incorporated ofCuperiino, Calif. It will be apparcnt to thosc responsibility to transmit unstnicturcd bits across a lic Data
the present invention is implemented on an IBMTM Personal
US 8,108,492 B2
5
link layer 302 is the next layer above physical layer 3 01. Data link layer 3 02 trnsmits chunk across the lin and deals with
6
cellular pmvider sites. Five components interact to provide this seivice network functionality, namely an exchange, an operator agent, a management agent, a management manager
and a grphical user interface. All five components are
that he desires to perform real-time transactions. When Web seiver 104 receives user 100's indication that he desires to packet fragmentation and reassembly of packets. Transport 10 perform real-time transactions, the request is handed over to
contans hardware units such as routers that handle routing,
layer 304 establishes a reliable communication stream
problems like checksummng to detect data corrption, orderly coordination of the use of shared media and addressing when multiple systems are reachable. Network bridges operate within data link layer 302. Network layer 303 enables any pair of systcms in thc network to communicate with each other. Network layer 303
described in more detail below.
As i!iistrated in FIG. SA, iiser 100 accesses Web seiver

104. Having accessed Web scrver 104, us-r 100 can decide
example, user 100 can select button 500, entitled "Trasactions" and Web server 104 hands user 100's request over to tion. Session layer 305 offers seivices above the simple comthe exchange component. The button and the title can be munication stream provided by transport layer 304. These 15 replaced by any mechanism that can instruct a Web seiver to seivices include dialog control and chaining. Presentation hand over the consumer's request to the exchange compolaycr 306 provides a means by which OSI compliant applinent. cations can agree on representations for data. Finally, appliFIG. 5B ilustrates exchange SOL Exchange 501 comprises cation layer 307 includes seivices such as file transfer, access Web page 505 and poiii-of-seivice (POSvc) applications and management seivices (FlAM), electronic mail and vir- 20 510. Exchange 501 also conceptually includes a switching tual terminal (V) seivice. Application layer 307 provides a component and an object routing component (described in means for application programs to access the OSI cnvironmore detail below). POSvc applications 510 are transactional ment. As described above, the present invention is impleapplications, namely applications that are designed to incormented to function as a routing switch in application layer porate and take advantage of the capabilities provided by the
between a pair of systems, dealing with errors such as lost packets, duplicate packets, packet reordering and fragmenta-
an exchange component Thus, from Web page 105, for
management, and the selective flow of data from remote

databases on a nctwork.
307. Application layer routing creates an open channel for the 25 present invention. Although exchange 501 is depicted as
residing on Web server i 04, the exchange can also reside on
A.Oveiview
a separate computcr systcm that rcsides on the Internet and
has an Internet address. Exchange 501 may also include
illustrated in FIG. 50. For the puroses of ilustration, exchange 501 in FIG. 50 is shown as runing on a different lOp of a facilities network, namely the Internet, the Web or 60 comput~r system (Web server 104) from the computer syse-mail networks. For the pLlrposes of this application, users lems or the Web nierchaiiis runJ1iig POSvc applications are described as utilizing PC's to access the Web via Web (computer system 200). Exchange 501 may. however, also be seiver "switching" sites. (Switching is described in more on the same computer system as one or more of the computer detail below). Users may also utilize other personal devices systems of the Web merchants.
Web. This embodiment includes a servce network rumung on
users who desire to access the merchaiis' seivices via the
FIG. 4A illustrates conceptually the user value chain as it operator agent 503 that interacts with a management manager exists today. The user value chain in FIG. 4A depicts the types 30 (described in more detail below). Exchange 501 creates and of transactious ihat are perfiinned today, and the channels allows for the m,magemeni (or distributed control) of a serthrough which the transactions are performed. A "transacvice network, operating witlun the boundares of an IP-based tion" for the puiposes of the present invention includes any facilities network. Thus, exchange 501 and a management type of commercial or other type of interaction that a user may agent component, described in more detail below, under the want to perform. Examples of trsactions include a deposit 35 headings "VAN Switch and Object Routing," together perinto a bank accoun1, a request for a loan from a bank, a form the switching, oliject routing, application and service purchase of a car from a car dcalcrsiup or a purchasc of a car management functions according to one embodiment ofthc with fincing from a bank. A large variety of other transacpresent invention. tions are also possible. Exchange 501 processes the consumer's request and disA typical user transaction today may involve user 100 40 plays an exchange Web page 505 that includes a list ofPOSvc walking into a bank or driving up to a teller maclune, and applications 510 accessible by exchange 501. A POSvc appliinteracting with a live ban teller, or automated teller machine cation is an application that can execute the type of trsac(ATM) softwar applications. Alternatively, user 100 can pertion that the user may be interested in performing. The POSvc form the same transaction by using a personal computer (PC), list is displayed via the graphical user interface component. activatig application software on his PC to access his bank 45 One embodiment of the present invention supports Hyperaccounl, and dialing into the bank via a modem line. Ifuser Text Markup Language as the graphical nser interface com100 is a Web user, however, there is no current mechanism for ponent. Virtual Rcality Markp Language and Java are also performing a robust real-time transaction with the bank, as supported by this embodiment. A variety of other grphical ilustrated in FIG. 4A. CGI scripts provide only limited twouser interface standards can also be utilized to implement the way capabilities, as described above. Thus, due to this lack of 50 graphical user interface. a mbiisl mechansm by which real-iime Web tninsactions can An example of a POSvc applicaLion list is iIiistrdted in be perfonned, the ban is unable to be a tre "Web merchant," FIG. Sc. User 100 can thus sclect from POSvc applications namely a merchant capable of providing complete transacBank 510(1), Car Dealer 510(2) or Pizzeria 510(3). NUlnertional seivices on the Web. ous other POSvc applications can also be included in this According TO one embodiment of the present invention, as 55 selection. If user 100 desires to perform a number of bankng illustrated in FIG. 4B, each merchant that desires to be a Web transactions, and selects the Bank application, a Bank POSvc merchant can provide real -time transactional capabilities to application will bc activatcd and prescnted to user 100, as
such as network computers or cellular devices to access the 65 Once Bank POSvc application 510 has been activated, user merchants' services via appropriate switching sites. TIiese 100 will be ahle II coi.iecl to Bank services and uiihze the
switching sites include non- Web network computer sites and
application to perJonii banking trwisaclIons, thus accessing
US 8,108,492 B2
7
data from a host or data repository 575 in the Bank "Back Offce.n The Ban Back Offce comprises legacy databases and other data repositories that are utilized by the Ban to
store its data. 1ls connection between user 100 and Bank
8
for the integtion of other trditional security mechanisms,
including RSA securty mechansms. One embodiment of the present invention utilizes TMP and
services is managed by exchange 501. As illustrated in FIG.

50, once the connection is made between Bank POSvc appli-
cation 510(1), for example, a:d Ban services, an operntor agent oll Web server 104 may be activated to ensure the
availability of distributed functions and capabilities.
distributed on-line service information bases (OOLSIBs) to perforni object routing. Altematively, TMP can incorporate s-HTI, Java, the Win Sock API or ORB with OOLSIBs to perform object routing. DOLSIBs arc virtal information
stores optimize for networking. AH information entries and
attibutes in a OOLSIB virtal inforniation store are associidentity identifies the information entres and !tributes in the
Each Web merchant may choose the types of services that i 0 ated with a networked object identity. The networked object
it would like to offer its clients. In this example, if Bank decided to include in their POSvc application access to
checking and savings accounts, user 100 will be able to perform real-time transactions against his checking and savings address is assigned based on the IP addrss of the node at accounts. Thus, if user 100 moves $500 from his checking 15 which the networked object resides. account into his savings account, the transaction wil be perFor example, in FIG. SA, Web server 104 is a node on the formed in real-time, in the same maner the transaction lntemet, with an IP address. All networked object associated would have been pedormed by a live teller at the bank or an with Web server 104 will therefore be assigned an Internet ATM machine. Therefore, unlike his prior access to his address based on the Web server 100's LP address. These account, user 100 now has the capability to do more than 20 networked objects thus "branch" from the node, creating a browse his bank accounl. The ability 10 perform these types of hierdrchicaltree structure. The Internet address for each nelrobust, real-time transactions from a Web client is a signifiworked object in the tree essentially establishes the individual
cant aspect of
OOLSIB as individual networked objects. and each networked object is assigned an Internet address. The Intemet
object as an "IP-reachable" or
accessible node
on thelnternet.
TMP utilizes this Interuet address to uniquely identify and POSvc application 510(1). For example, Bank may agree 25 access the object from the DOLSIB. FIG. 6B illustrates an with C.ar dea Jership to allow Bankeustomers to purchase a car example of this hierarchical addressing tree structure. from that dealer, request a ear loan from Bank, and have thc Each object in the DOLSIB has a nanie, a syntax and an entire transaction pedormed on the Web, as ilustrated in FIG. encoding. The name is an administratively assigned object 10 5E. iii this instance, the transactions are not merely two-way, specifYing an object type. TIie object type together with the between the user and Ban, but three-way, amongst the con- 30 object instance serves to uniquely identifY a specific instansumer, Bank and Car dealership. According to one aspect of tiation ofihe object. For example, if object 610 is information the present invention, this three-way transaction can be about models of cars, then one instancc of iat object would expanded to noway transactions, where n represents a predeprovide user 100 with information about a specific Ilodel of
termined muiiberof merchants or other service providers who
have agreed to cooperate to provide services to users. The 35
Bank can also decide to provide other types of services in
present invention therefore allows for "any-to-any" communication and transactions 011 the Web, thus facilitating a large,
flexible variety of
the car while another instance would provide inforuiation about a different model of the car. The syntax of an object type defines the ahstract data stnlclUrecorresponding to that ohject
robust, real-time transactions on the Web.
Finally, Bank may also decide to provide intra-merchant or

intra-ban services, together with the inter-merchant services 40
described above. For example, if
Bank creates a POSvc appli-
cation for use by the Bank Payroll depaI1ment, Bank may

provide its own employees with a means for submitting tiiecards for payroll processing by the (HR) Deparmenl. An employee selects
sented by the object type syntax while being transmitted over the network. C. Management and Administration As described above, exchange 501 and management agent 601 together constitute a VAN switch. FIG. 7 illustrates conceptually the layered architecnire of VAN switch 520. Spemulti-media end user devices such as pes, televisions or
type. Encoding of objects defines how the object is repre-
Bank's Hwiian Resources
cifically, bowidary service 701 provides the interfaces the Ban HR POSvc 45 between VAN switch 520, the Internet and the Web, and
application, and submits his timecard. The employee's timecard is processed by accessing the employee's payroll infor-
telephones. Boundar service 701 also provides the intedace mation, stored in the Bank's Back Offce. TIie transaction is to the on-line service provider. A user can connect to a local thus processed in real-time, and the employee receives his application, namely one accessible via a local VAN switch, or paycheck immediately. 50 be routed or "switched" to an application accessible via a B. V,m Switching and Objeci Routing remoie VAN switch.
As described above, exchange 501 and management agent 601, illustrated in FIG. 6A, together constitute a value-added network (VA.N) switch. TIiese two elements may take on
different roles as necessary, including peer-to-peer, client- 55
Switching servicc 702 is an OSI application layer switch.

Switching service 702 thus represents the core of the VAN
switch. It perfoIDis a number of tasks including the routing of user connections to remote VAN switches, described in the paragraph above, multiplexing and prioritization of requests, and flow control. Switching service 702 also tcilitates open
server or master-slave roles. Management manager 603 is illustrted as residing on a separate computer system on the
Internet. Management manager 603 can, however, also reside on the same machine as exchange 501. Management manager
603 interacts with the operator agent 503 residing on 60
systems' connectivity with both the Internet (a public

switched network) and private netv.iorks including back offce networks, such as bankng networks. Interconnected application layer switches fomi the application network hackbmie. These switches are one sigificant aspect oftlie present invention.
Managemem service 703 contains tools such as Informa-
exchange 501.
VAN switch 520 provides multi-protocol object routing, depending upon the specific VAN services chosen. Ths multi-prolocol object routing is provided via a proprietar
Simple Network Man:igement Protocol, SNMP. It also allows
protocol. TransWeb Management Protocol (TMP). TMP 65 tion Management Services (lMS) and application Network incorpordtes the same security features as the IrddiiiOllJ Management Services (NMS). These 10015 are used by the
end uscrs to manage netv:ork rcsources. including VAN
j)-
US 8,108,492 B2
9
switches. Management service 703 also provides applica-
10
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the VAN switch is an
application layer switch in the application layer of
tions that perform Operations, Admnistration, Maintenance & Provisionig (OAM&P) fuctions. These OAM&P functions include security management, fault management, configuation management, performance management and bill-
the OSI
modeL.
ing management. Providing OAM&P functions for

applications in ths mancr is another signcant aspect of
the
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the VAN switch enables tbe switching to Web merchant services in response to a Web server's receipt of a selection of one of the point-of-service
Web applications con-esponding to the Web merchant ser-
present invention.
Finally, application service 704 contains application programs that deliver customer services. Application service 704 incliides POSvc applications such as Bank POSvc described above, and ilustrated in FIG. 6A. Other examples ofVA.N
vices from the point-of-service application list on the Web

10 page.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein cach Web merchant
services include multi-meda messaging, archival/retrieval

management, directory serices, data staging, conferencing,
service includes one of the one or more Web applications offered as a VAN service, utilizing the VAN switch. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein each Web application of
fiancial services, home banking, risk management and a is the one or more Web applications is a value-added network varety of other vertical services. Each VAN service is (VAN) service or online service atop the Web, utilizing the
designed to meet a paricular set of requirements relatcd to
VAN
switch.
performance, reliability, maintenance and ability to hadle

expected traffc volwne. Depending on the type characteristics of
6. TIie system of claim 1, wherein the service network
exchange component in step 802. In step 804, rhe user issues
present invention. A user connects to a Web server runnng an 25 Web transaction request is a request to pedomi one of the
includes the one or more Web applications and wherein the of service, the the network elements will differ. VAN ser- 20 service network manages the flow of real-time Web trsacvice 704 provides a number of functions including commutions from the one or more Web applications and includes the nications serices for both management and end users of the VAN switch. network and control for the user over the user's environment. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the Web server is conFIG. 8 is a flow diagram ilustrting one embodiment of the figured to receive a Web transaction request and wherein the
a request for a trnsactional application, and the wcb scrvcr
real-time Web transactions from one of ie one or more Web

applications, utilizing rhe VAN switch. 8. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a computer system executing a back-end transactional
application tor processing the ti:nsaction request in
hands off the request to an exchange in step 806. TIie exchange activates a graphical user interface to present user with a list of POSvc application options in step 808. In step 30 810, the user makes a selection from the POSvc application list. In step 812, the switching component in the exchange switches the user to the selecred POSvc application, and in step 814, the object routing component executes the user's request. Data is retrieved from the appropriate data repository 35 via TMP in step 816, and finally, the user may optionally continuc thc transaction in step 818 or end the transaction.
Thus, a coii.gurable value-added network switching and
real-time, wherein said computer system includes a data repository. wherein the data repository is a data repository to store bankng data, and wherein retrieving data includes retrieving banking data to complete a real-time
Web banking transaction as one of the real-time Web transactions from a banking Web application as one of the one or more Web applications.
object routing method and apparatus is disclosed. TIiese spe9. The system of claim 1, furter comprising the one or cific arrangements and methods described herein are merely 40 more Web applications offered as software-as-a-service atop ilustrative of the principles of the present invention. Numerthe Web. ous modifications in form and detail may be made by those of 10. A method for pertonning real-time Web transactions ordinary skill in ie art without departing from the scope of from a Web application, comprising: the present invention. Although this invention has been shown receiv ing a request at a Web server, including a processor
in relation to a particular preferred emboiment, it should not 45 be considered so limited. Rather, the present invention is
limited only by the scope of
and a memory, for a real-time Web transaction from a Web application on a Web page, wherein the Web server
the appended claims.
\\'hat is claimed is: 1. A system, comprising: a Web server, including a processor and a memory, for
50
offering one or more Web applications as respective

point-of-service applications in a point-of-service application list on a Web page; each Web application of the one or more Web applications 55 for requesting a real-time Web ti:nsaction; a value-addcd network (VAN) switch ruruiing on top of a facilities network selected from a group consisting of the
World Wide Web, the lntemetand an e-mail network, the
is confgured to hand over the request to a Value Added Network (VAN) switch; offering a plui:lity of Web applications including the Web application on a Web page, upon receipt from a Web server a selection of the Web application from the
otfef(x! Web applications, the Web application corresponding to a respective back-end trnsacrional applica-
tion, wherein the back-end ti:nsactional application is an application nming at the back-offce server of one or more Web merchants or at the back-end;
receiving a requesr tor Web merchant services upon receipt by a Web server a selection of the Web applicarion,
VAN switch for enabling the real-time Web trnsactions 6(1 from the one or more Web applications;
a service network ruiiing on top of
wherein the request for Web merchant services is a

request to connect to the selected back-end transactional application to perform an interactive real-time Web
transaction fi-om the Web application, wherein thc tras-
the tacilities network
for connecting through the Web server to a back-end iransactional application: and
a computer system executing the Back-end transactional 65
application lDr prncessing the trJnsaciion request in

real-timc.
actional application is an on-line service provided by one or more Web merchants or the back-end; switching utilizing the VAN switch to the back-end transciinnl ppJicaiioli in re5ponse to receiving the request
Ii-om the Web scrvcr;
53
US 8,108,492 B2
11
providing distrbuted control of a service network, operat-
12
a list of one or more point-of-service employee Web applications on a Web page offered by the business entity that operates the portal, said pOJ1al alJowing access to the one or more point-of-service applications on the Web page from said list, and wherein the portal offers the one or
ing with the boundaes of an IP-based facilities network; connecting to specified ones of the Web merchant services or to back-end services. wherein the connection to the
Web merchant services' or back-end transactional ser-
vices is managed;
accessing data from a host or
data repository coupled to the
more point-of-service applications as on-line services on the Web page, and furer wherein the portal is operated by the business entity over a service network running on top of a facilities nel'Nork, the facilities network being selected from a group consisting of: the World
Wide Web, the Internet and email neiworks.said service network including a VAN Switch;
one or more back-end trsactional applications ninng at
back offce server of one or more 'Neb merchan1s or to
the back-end transactional application, wherein the back 10 offce server or back-end is coupled to legacy databases and oiler data repositories that are utilized by the one or
ness entity comprising: ,
one or more back-end host computers, corresponding, respectively to the one or more point-of-service application~ accessed, to complete a real-time Web trasacn. The method of claim 10, wherein the real-time Web tion from the Wcb application on the Wcb page. transactions are Web transactions from the Web application 13. The portl of claim 12, wherein the one or more Web accessing a value-added network service. applications include a plurality of point-of-service applica12. A computer-implemented system, operated by a busi- 20 tions on the Web page, wherein the business entity and the sub-entities offer Web applications which are selected from a
application.
more of the Web merchants or the back-end transactional application to store data; and complcting thc rel-time Wcb transactions from thc Web 15
a Web application network portal, wherein the portl
resources Web applications, expense report Web applications, applications offered respectively by one or more Web time card Web applications, travel Web applications, vacation merchants or othcr service providers, or by multiple 25 Web applications, financial Web applications and sales comsub-entities of the business entity who have agreed to mission Web applications. cooperate to provide on-line Value Added Network (VAN) services atop the Web for access by employees of
t1ie business entity;
* * *
includes memory and a processor and one or more Web
group consisting of payrolJ Web applications, human
51
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRA DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

NOTICE OF ASSIGNMENT TO UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUGE FOR DISCOVERY
This case has been assigned to District Judge George King and the assigned discovery
Magistrate Judge is Margaret A. Nagle.
The case number on all documents fied with the Court should read as follows:
CV12- 4303 GHK (MAx)

Pursuant to General Order 05-07 ofthe United States District Court for the Central District of California, the Magistrate Judge has been designated to hear discovery related motions.
All discovery related motions should be noticed on the calendar of the Magistrate Judge
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -NOTICE TO COUNSEL
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _.
A copy of this notice must be served with the summons and complaint on all defendants (if a removal action is fied, a copy of this notice must be served on all plaintiffs).
Subsequent documents must be fied at the following location:

(Xl Western Division
312 N. Spring St., Rm. G-a

Los Angeles, CA 90012
U Southern Division
411 West Fourth St., Rm. 1-053 Santa Ana, CA 92701-4516
U Eastern Division
3470 Twelfth St., Rm. 134

Riverside, CA 92501
Failure to file at the proper location wil result in your documents being returned to you.
CV-18 (03/06)
NOTICE OF ASSIGNMENT TO UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE FOR DISCOVERY
Case 2:12-cv-04303-JAK-MAN Document 1 Andre E. Jardini (State Bar No. 71335)

aej kpclegaL. com

550 North Brand Boulevard, Suite 1500 Glendale, CA 91203
Telephone: (818) 547-5000
Facsimile: (818) 547-5329 Attorneys for Plaintiff
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT CENTRA DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

CASE
NUMBER
PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC.

PLAINTIFF(S)
G V 12~ 04303~1~1
SUMMONS
v.
ACE RENT A CAR, INC.

DEFENDANT(S).
TO: DEFENDANT(S):
A lawsuit has been filed against you.
Within 21 days after service of
must serve on the plaintiff an answer to the attached ~ complaint D _ amended complaint
D counterclaim D cross-claim or a motion under Rule 12 of the Federal Rules of
this summons on you (not counting the day you received it), you
Civil Procedure. The answer
or motion must be served on the plaintifts attorney, Andre E. Jardini, clo Knapp, Petersen & Clarke, whose address is 550 North Brand Boulevard, Suite 1500, Glendale, CA 91203. If you fail to do so, judgment by default will be entered against you for the relief demanded in the complaint. You also must file your answer or
motion with the cour.
MAY 1 7 2012
Clerk, U.S. District Court

By:
JULIE PRAD Deputy Clerk
(Seal of the Court)
Dated:
(Use 60 days if
the defendant is the United States or a United States agency. or is an offcer or employee of
the United States. Allowed
60 days by Rule 12(a)(3)j
CY-OIA (10/1 I
SUMMONS
American LegalNer. Inc. A
~'2~.f!JIil~!,kFI"\Ui ~H
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT, CENTRA DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

CIVIL COVER SHEET
I (a) PLAINTIFFS (Check box if you are representing yourself 0)
DEFENDANTS
PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC.
ACE RENT A CAR, INC.
(b) Attorneys (Firm Name, Address and Telephone Number. If you are representing yourself, provide same.)
Andre E. Jardin, Esq. (State Bar NO.7 I 335
Attorneys (If Known)

550 North Brand Boulevard, Suite 1500
Glendale, CA 9 i 203
Tel: (818) 547-5000; Fax: (818) 547-5329

i. BASIS OF JURISDICTION (Place an X in one box only.)
J i U.S. Government Plaintiff
Il. CITIZENSHIP OF PRINCIPAL PARTIES - For Diversity Cases Only

(Place an X in one box for plaintiff and one for defendant.)
g 3 Federal Question (U.S.

Government Not a Part
Citizen of
PTF DEF
This State
o I 0 I Incorporated or Principal Place
PTF DEF
of Business in this State
04 04
J 2 U.S. Government Defendant 0 4 Diverity (Indicate Citizenship Citizen of Another State
of Parties in Item II)
o 2 0 2 Incorporated and Prncipal Place 0 5 0 5
of Business in Another State
Citizen or Subject of a Foreign Countr 0 3 0 3 Foreiim Nation

V. ORIGIN (Place an X in one box only.)
~ i Original 0 2 Removed from 0 3 Remanded from
06 06
o 7 Appeal to Distrct Judge from
Proceeding State Court Appellate Court
o 4 Reinstated or 0 5 Transferred from another district (specify): 0 6 Multi-
Reopened District
Litigation
'. REQUESTED IN COMPLAINT: JURY DEMAND: g Yes 0 No (Check 'Yes' only if demanded in complaint.)
Magistrate Judge
"ASS ACTION under F.RC.P. 23: 0 Yes g No 0 MONEY DEMANDED IN COMPLAINT: $

'd J,
I. CAUSE OF ACTION (Cite the U. S. Civil Statue under which you are fiing and wrte a brief statement of cause. Do not cite jurisdictional statutes unless diversity.)
atent Infringement; 33 U.S.C. sections 271 and 281-285.

n. NATURE OF SUIT Place an X in one box onl .
400 State Reapportionment I i 0 Insurance
J 410 Antitrust 0 120 Marine J 430 Banks and Banking 0 130 Miller Act J 450 Commerce/ICC 0 140 Negotiable Instrument
Rates/etc. 0 i 50 Recovery of
3 I 0 Airplane
o 315 Airplane Product
510 Motions to Vacate Act .

370 Other Fraud Sentence Habeas 0 720 Labor/Mgmi.
710 Fair Labor Standards
Liability
o 320 Assault, Libel &
0371 Truth in Lending Corpus Relations

o 380 Other Personal 0 530 General 0 730 Labor/Mgmi. Property Damage 0 535 Death Penalty Reporting &
) 460 Deportation Overpayment &
Slander
o 330 Fed. Employers'
) 470 Racketeer Influenced Enforcement of
and Corrpt Judgment
Organizations 0 i 5 i Medicare Act

I 480 Consumer Credit 0 152 Recovery of Defaulted
o 340
Liability Marine Liability
o 385 Propert Damage 0 540 Mandamus! Disclosure Act

Product Liabili Other 0 740 Railway Labor Act
o 550 Civil Rights 0 790 Other Labor
o 22 Appeal 28 USC
o 345 Marine Pruct

o 350 Motor Vehicle o 355 Motor Vehicle
I 490 Cable/Sat TV Student Loan (Exc!.
158
o 423 Withdrawal 28
555 Prson Condition Litigation

791 Emp!. Ret. Sec
I 810 Selective Service Veterans)

I 850 Securities/Commodities/ 0 i 53 Recovery of
Inc.
uri Act
Exchange Overpayment of
USC 157
Product Liability
o 360 Other Peronal
6 i 0 Agrculture
o 620 Other Food &
i 875 Customer Challenge 12 Veteran's Benefits
USC 3410 0 160 Stockholders' Suits

890 Other Statutory Actions 0 i 90 Other Contract
Injury
o 362 Personal Injury-
0441 Voting
0442 Employment
Drug
o 625 Drug Related
891 Agricultural Act 0195 Contract Product

892 Economic Stabilization Liability
Med Malpractice
o 365 Personal Injury-
Act 196 Franchise
893 Environmental Matters
894 Energy Allocation Act 210 Land Condenmation

895 Freedom of Info. Act 0 220 Foreclosure
Product Liability 368 Asbestos Peronal Injury Product

Liabili
0443 Housing/Accommodations 0444 Weltre

o 445 American with
Disabilities -
Seizure of
881 0862 Black Lung (923)

o 630 Liquor Laws 0 863 DlWC/DlWW o 640 R.R.& Truck 405(g))
o 650 Airline Regs 0 864 ssm Title XVI
Property 21 USC 61 HIA(l395fl)
Employment
446 American with
Disabilities -
900 Appeal of Fee Determi- 0 230 Rent Lease & Ejectment . .
0660 Occupational 0865 RSI (405(g))

o 690
nation Under Equal 0 240 Tort to Land 462 Natui:li~tion

Access to Justice 0 245 Tort Product Liability Application
Other
o 440 Other Civil
Safety /Health Other
950 Constitutionality of State 0 290 All Other Real Property 0 463 Ha~eas Coiyus-
Statutes Alien Detainee

Actions
Rights
o 870 Taxes (U.S. Plaintiff or Defendant)
0871 IRS-Third Part 26

USC 7609
o 465 Other Immigration
IR OFFICE USE ONLY: Case Number:

AFTER COMPLETING THE FRONT SIDE OF FORM CV-71, COMPLETE THE INFORMATION REQUESTED BELOW.
71 (05/08)
CIVIL COVER SHEET

I \Ai=nr~W,.".,......_ I American LegalNel. Inc.
Page I of2
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT, CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

CIVIL COVER SHEET
'III(a). IDENTICAL CASES: Has this action been previously filed in this court and dismissed, remanded or closed? I: No DYes
'yes, list case number(s):

'III(b). RELATED CASES: Have any cases been previously fied in this court that are related to the present case? D No I: Yes
.
yes, list case number(s): CV12-03970 PSG (JEMx); CV12-04036 (GHK) (Ex); CV12-4270 R (AJWx)
:ivil cases are deemed related if a previously fied case and the present case:
:heck all boxes that apply) D A. Arise from the same or closely related transactions, happenings, or events; or the same or substantially related or similar questions of law and fact; or I: B. Call for determination of Dc. For other reasons would entail substantial duplication of labor if heard by diftrent judges; or I: D. Involve the same patent, trademark or copyrght, and one of the factors identiled above in a, b or c also is present.
(. VENUE: (When completing the following informtion, use an additional sheet if
necessary.)
) List the County in this Distrct; California County outside of this Distrct; State if other than California; or Foreign Countr, in which EACH named plaintiff resides.
J Check here if the government, its agencies or employees is a named plaintiff. If
this box is checked, go to item (b).
County in this District:* California County outside of
this Distrct; State, if other than California; or Foreign Country
,os Angeles County
) List the County in this District; California County outside of this District; State if other than California; or Foreign Country, in which EACH named defendant resides.
J Check here if the government, its agencies or employees is a named defendant. If
this box is checked, go to item (c).

this Distrct; State, ifotherthan California; or Foreign Country
County in this Distrct:* California County outside of
,os Angeles County

List the County in this District; California County outside of this Distrct; State if other than California; or Foreign Countr, in which EACH claim arose. Note: In land condemnation cases, use the location of the tract of land involved.
::ouniv in this District:*
California County outside ofihis District; Siate, fother than California; or Foreign Country
os Angeles County
~os Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, Riverside,
ite: In land condemnation cases, use the location of e
SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PRO PER):
Date May 17,2012
pleadings or other papers as required by law. This form, approved by the Judicial Conference of the United States in September i 974, is required pursuant to Loal Rule 3 _ i is not fied
but is used by the Clerk of the Court for the purpose of statistics, venue and initiating the civil docket sheet. (For more detailed instructions, see separate instrctions sheet)
Notice to Counsel/Parties: The CV-71 (1S-44) Civil Cover Sheet and the In ormation contained herein neither replace nor supplement the tiling and service of
Y to Statistical codes relating to Social Security Cases:

Nature of Suit Code
861
Abbreviation
HIA
Substantive Statement of Cause of Action
All claims for health insurance benefits (Medicare) under Title 18, Part A, of the Social Security Act, as amended. Also, include claims by hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, etc., for cerfication as providers of servces under the
program. (42 V.S.c. 1935FF(b))
862
BL
All claims for "Black Lung" benefits under Title 4, Part B, of
the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969.
(30 U.S.c. 923)

863
DIWC
All claims fied by insured workers for disability insurance benelts under Title 2 of the Social Security Act. as
amended; plus all claims fied for child's insurance benefits based on disability. (42 U.S.c. 405(g))
863
DIWW
All claims fied for widows or widowers insurance benefits based on disability under Title 2 of the Social Security Act, as amended. (42 V.S.C. 405(g))
All claims for supplemental security income payments based upon disability fied under Title 1 6 of the Social Security Act, as amended.
All claims for retirement (old age) and survivors benefits under Title 2 of
864
ssm
RSI
865
-71 (05/08)
V.S.c. (g))
the Social Security Act, as amended. (42
CIVIL COVER SHEET
Page 2 of2
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Case 2:12-cv-04303-JAK-MAN Document 1

Filed 05/17/12 Page 1 of 60 Page ID #:3

KNAPP, PETERSEN & CLAR

550 North Brand Boulevard, Suite 1500 4 Glendale, California 91203-1922

Facsimile: (818) 547-5329

6 Joseph S. Farzam (State Bar No. 2108 i 7)

farzam(ilawyer. com 7 JOSEPH FARZAM LAW FIRM

,.'- './ .-.-:. 'i -.:

Los Angeles, CA 90067

9 Facsimile: (310) 226-6891

Attorneys for Plaintiff PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC.

15 PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC.,

c ~ li?- 0 4 3 0 3~-\\ ~)G)

18 ACE RENT A CAR, INC.,

I DEMA FOR JURY TRIA

PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC., files this complaint for patent

jury demand against defendant ACE RENT A CAR, INC. ("the

24 efendant"), and alleges as follows:

PI-NET INTERNATIONAL, INC. ("PI-NET") is a California

27 orporation with its principal place of

business in Menlo Park, California. PI-NET has been

Case 2:12-cv-04303-JAK-MAN Document 1

Filed 05/17/12 Page 2 of 60 Page ID #:4

2 imitation, the Internet and the World Wide Web.

6 ime, two-way transactional capabilities on the Web. The examples of

Defendant ACE RENT-A-CAR, INC. ("ACE" and/or "defendant") is an

11 ental business in the United States.

JURISDICTION AND VENUE

the United States, Title 35, United

15 ver the action pursuant to 28 U.S.c. sections 1331 and 1338(a).

18 alifornia and this judicial district, including:

Operating a vehicle rental business by use of Internet transaction

Regularly doing or soliciting business, engaging in other persistent

23 courses of conduct; and/or

Deriving substantial revenue from products and/or services provided to

25 individuals in California and in this judicial distrct.

27 nd (d) and 28 U.S.C. section 1400(b).

Case 2:12-cv-04303-JAK-MAN Document 1

Filed 05/17/12 Page 3 of 60 Page ID #:5

the '500 patent is attached to the complaint as exhibit A.

the '492 patent is attached to the complaint as exhibit B.

13 10. The '500 patent is valid and enforceable.

vehicle, and other detailed information. This real-time two-way

vehicle, and other detailed information. This real-time two-way

KNAPP, PETERSEN & CLARKE

Case 2:12-cv-04303-JAK-MAN Document 1

Filed 05/17/12 Page 4 of 60 Page ID #:6

21 lIJD..Pa~2:t ~ ca~Sl.'51 tiQ'1

Defendant's infrnging acts have been without express or implied license by

24 I-NET, and/or in violation of

S rights or claims for relief.

25 FIRST CLAIM FOR RELIEF

PI-NET incorporates by reference each and every allegation in paragraphs 1

28 hrough 15, as though fully set forth herein.

Case 2:12-cv-04303-JAK-MAN Document 1

Filed 05/17/12 Page 5 of 60 Page ID #:7

2 nd/or contributing to the infringement of

3 f equivalence, by conducting real-time two-way transactions on the Web in connection

As a result of defendant's infringing conduct, PI-NET has suffered and will

10 500 patent wil continue unless enjoined by this Court.

Defendant's infringement is and has been wilfuL.

14 atent by operation of at least 35 U.S.C. section 287.

PI-NET has no adequate remedy at law for defendant's infringement,

16 ontributory infringement, and/or induced infringement of