Unive r s i d a d

Na c i o n a l

de L o j a

Instituto de Idiomas

Editor and Project Manager :

Sandra Janneth Ochoa de Maldonado.

English Workshop II The will leads you to the way

Loja - Ecu a d o r

UNIT 5: Nutrition and Health

Tips for eating healthy
Eating healthy food is one of the most important and transcendental habits of human being to prevent illness for instance lower the risk of heart disease, certain cancers, type-2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, besides that you will feel better, you will have more energy and stamina and of course you will look better. For all those reasons its necessary you pay special attention to what you eat, and how much you eat. Here is a sort of tips to help you to eat healthy. First of all make your food count! Dont waste calories on foods that provide no nutritional value. Start each day with a good breakfast. This will activate your metabolism for the day and give you the energy and stamina that you will need to meet your daily responsibilities. Eat small meals, even if it means having more meals. When you eat more than 400-500 calories at a time, your body is going to be storing some of it as fat. Reasonable portion sizes are a must ! Chew your food well. This aids in digestion and absorption of nutrients. In addition, it helps you feel more satisfied with less food. Eat with intention! Dont do other things when you eat. Dont eat in the car and dont eat in front of the television. Savor your food. Put your fork down between bites. Relax! Eat a balanced diet. Choose something from each food group at each meal. This will ensure that you get all the vitamins and minerals that you need. Feel free to take a daily vitamin but if you eat healthy foods in healthy portions, you will get what you need naturally. Dont eat while stressed. If someone is doing something that stresses you out Fruit bowl while youre eating, stop eating and return to it later. Eating while stressed can cause serious problems with digestion and lead to overeating. Include 2 small, healthy snacks in your day. Have a small handful of almonds or a container of low-fat yogurt with 1/3 c. granola, or 2 T. of peanut butter on an apple. Make your snacks count. Theyre just as important as your meals. Drink plenty of water. To eat healthy, enjoy foods in their natural state, as much as possible. Foods that are processed tend to lose some of their nutrients. Avoid foods high in sodium. Avoid fast food! Sure, most fast food restaurants today have healthier choices but thats a relative term. And finally, make it a habit to eat healthy on a regular basis. Save your favorite foods that arent necessarily healthy options for special occasions. Eating anything in moderation will help you keep your weight down; but eating healthy foods on a regular basis will provide you with lasting health benefits. Source: www.easy-weightloss-tips.com.

Vocabulary
healthy: 1.strong and not
likely to become ill. 2 good for your body or your mind.

illness:

a bad condition that affects your body or mind, or the state of having a condition like this.

blood: the red liquid that flows around your body. stamina:
physical or mental strength that lets you continue doing something for a long time.

waste: when something

such as money, time, or a skill is not used effectively or sensibly.

metabolism: the chemical

processes in your body that change food into energy.

meals: food that you eat. reasonable: fair and

sensible.

chew: to bite food several times before swallowing it. savor: to make something
last as long as possible, because you are enjoying it so much.

plenty: a large quantity

that is enough or more than enough.

avoid:
something.

to

prevent

This food pyramid shows you the importance of these products in a daily diet. It will be a valuable tool in your quest to "eat healthy."

Each day you should strive to make healthy choices from all of the major food groups: Protein2-3 servings (meat, fish, poultry, beans, nuts) Whole Grains6-11 servings (some breads, some pastas, brown rice, some cereals, etc.) Vegetables3-5 servings (lettuce, broccoli, mushrooms, carrots, spinach, etc.) Fruit2-4 servings (apples, bananas, berries, pineapple, etc.) Dairy2-3 servings (milk, yogurt, cheese) Oils5-6 teaspoons (olive oil, salad dressings, butter, nuts, avocado, mayonnaise, etc.)

Youll notice that the recommended number of servings varies quite a bit, especially within the category of whole grains. The number of servings you have should depend on your activity level and the total calories you eat each day. So, for example, if you exercise a minimum of 30 minutes a day, and eat 1,600 calories a day, you choose the lower number of servings. If you're very active and/or eat 2,800 calories a day, you choose the higher number of servings. Use this information to help you eat healthy every day! The groceries are classified as follows:

Veggies

Vegetables

carrots

cabbage

cauliflower

broccoli

asparagus

beans

celery

red pepper

green pepper

peas

mushrooms

beets

Fruits
apple peaches avocado banana

berries

cherries

lemon slice

coconut

grapes

kiwi

mango

oranges

pears

pineapple

strawberries

tomatoes

watermelon

plums

raspberries

tangerines

Dairy Products

dairy products
Milk

butter

cheese

milk

eggs

Bakery
pancakes cupcakes French bread bread

bagels

croissants

strawberry cake

Meat
beef - meat from a cow veal - meat from a young cow pork/ham/bacon - meat from a pig lamb - meat from a lamb (=young sheep) mutton - meat from a sheep venison - meat from a deer

beef
steak pot roast roast pig

pork
pork chops

lamb
leg of lamb lamb chops

chicken
roast chicken

turkey
turkey

Delicatessen
ham salami sausage Swiss cheese

Seafood
fish clams

crab lobster

tuna

shrimp

fish fillet

Nuts
walnut peanut

Drinks
coffee tea orange juice lemonade

beer

cocktail

wine

champagne

Grains
pasta rice cereal

Fast -food
hot-dog French fries Cheese burger kebab

Pop corn

sausage

Desserts

cake

Ice-cream

popsicle

sundae

cherry pie

banana split

gelatin

ice-cream

Food : Countable and uncountable 1. Those you can count are called count nouns OR COUNTABLE NOUNS and 2. those you cannot count are called non count or UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS The following chart shows you the classification of count nouns in singular and plural forms.
Noun: It is a word that names a person, animal, place, thing, idea. Example: Person: Animal: Place: Thing: Ideas: girl, boy, student, instructor. dog, cat, shark, hamster, fish. gym, store, school. computer, pen, notebook, bush. liberty, panic, attention, knowledge.

Search for more information about COUNT NOUNS on the Web.

Countable Nouns
S i n g u l a r refers to one thing or person. Use a or an = one with singular count nouns. a + consonant sound an + vowel sound Singular count nouns take a singular verb. P l u r a l refers to more than one thing or person. Dont use a /an. plural count nouns take a plural verb. They can be used with numbers. If you want to use the word some with countable nouns, you must put the nouns into the plural, and say some tickets, any eggs. With countable nouns, you have to use many, how many, or a few.

Uncountable Nouns
S i n g u l a r Uncountable nouns have only one form. They do not have a plural form. Uncountable nouns take a singular verb.

With an uncountable noun you can use quantity words such as some and any: some butter, any music.

You can use the quantity expressions much, how much, or a little with uncountable nouns.

Common Uncountable Nouns refer to:

substances: liquids: food: coal, food, ice, plastic, wood, iron, gas,steel. milk, coffee, oil, juice, soda, water, beer. spaghetti, flour, soup, cream, cheese, yogurt, ice-cream,broccoli, lettuce,cereal, bread, pasta, butter, mayonnaise, jam, jelly, fish, meat. baking powder, cereal, wheat, corn.
human qualities: courage, honesty, patience.

Too small to count: sugar, salt, pepper, cinnamon, rice, sand,

feelings:

anger, happiness, joy, relief, respect.

abstract ideas: death, freedom, fun, life, luck, advice, beauty, knowledge, information, research, news,time, traffic, air, love, employment, intelligence,aid, . School subjects: mathematics, physics, history, geography, biology, chemistry, music. words like: homework, weather, baggage, equipment, furniture, machinery,money, luggage, cotton, silk,leather, traffic, pollution, crime, tooth paste, paper.(sometimes)

EXAMPLES: Healthy food is the key for living longer. The math problem was easy enough. Patience is the ability to stay calm and not get angry when one is waiting for something or doing something difficult. Social Studies is too difficult for me. The news program starts at 5:30. Joy is a happy emotion.

There are some typical mistakes you must be aware of: Dont say: What a terrible weather ! She has long hairs. I have a news for you. We bought some new furnitures.

Say: What terrible weather ! She has long hair. I have some news for you. We bought some new furniture.

Demonstratives For Singular Nouns THIS

(It is a / an) (they are)

For Plural Nouns THESE

Uses when the person is near the object when the person is away from the object. 4

4
4

THAT
(it is a / an)

THOSE
(they are)

SINGULAR

PLURAL

Whats this?

What are these?

uncountable noun Its rice

4
countable noun

Theyre cupcakes

Whats this?

What are these?

countable noun

4
countable noun

Its a strawberry cake.

Theyre eggs

Whats this?

What are these?

uncountable noun

countable noun

Its spaghetti.

Theyre tomatoes.

HOW MUCH VERSUS HOW MANY

How much......?

uncountable nouns

Answers to questions with uncountable nouns may include a variety of indefinite adjectives such as: a lot (of), lots of, some, much, (a) little. Answers to questions with countable nouns may include a variety of indefinite adjectives such as: a lot (of), lots of, some, many, (a) few.

How many....?

countable nouns

To give specific amounts of either countable or uncountable nouns, you can use units of measurement. e.g.
bag of bar of bottle of box of bunch of can of carton of cup, tablespoon, teaspoon head of (singular) loaf of / (plural) loaves of package of piece of tube of sugar, potato, chips, candy, hand soap ketchup, juice, soda, other liquids cereal, detergent bananas, carrots, grapes beans, tuna eggs, milk all liquids and dry recipe ingredients lettuce, cabbage bread potato chips, spaghetti cake, pie, meat, etc toothpaste

uncountable I dont have much money. How much time do you have? There is a little butter in the fridge.

countable He doesnt have many friends. How many records do you have? There are a few rooms still available.

EXERCISES
How much bread you we have? How many loaves of bread should I buy? We have a little bread. Buy a few loaves of bread.

WRITING Parts of a Paragraph A paragraph is a group of sentences about one main idea. A good paragraph has different parts. When you use a title for your paragraph, choose a few key words that focus on your main ideas. Begin your paragraph with a topic sentence that tells the main idea. Then support your idea with sentences that give more information: details, facts, reasons and examples. These are called detail sentences Finally, write a concluding sentence that shares your main idea I different words.

Example: 1 Title 2 topic sentence 3 detail sentence 4 concluding sentence

Pen Pals By Vidonia Ferreira.

Writing to pen pals is an excellent way to get to know interesting new people and learn more about the world. When you communicate by e-mail or by letter with someone from a different city or country, you can find out what your new pal does every day at school and after school for fun. You can learn about your pen pal's family and friends and how they live. You can find out the kinds of food they eat, the clothes they wear, the chores they do, and the things they do in their free time. You can even learn interesting facts about your pen pal's town, cultural traditions, and country. For example, from my pen pal Alicia, I learned about two holidays in Mexico-Cinco de Mayo and Las Posadas. And from my pen pal Helmut, I learned about a German game 3 called sardinen. I also learned how to make delicious cookies with cinnamon 3 called zimtstern from Helmut`s mother! As you can see, having pen pals is not only educational but also a lot of fun.

3 3 3 3

S ource: Backpack Workbook N-6

Using the previous steps, you will write a paragraph that includes a title, a clear topic sentence, detail sentences that support the main idea, and a concluding sentence. To carry out the writing activity you can use a diamond shape to help you organize your paragraph. The top of the diamond represents your main point. The middle represents the details and information you give. The bottom of the diamond represent your concluding sentence that restates the main point.

Topic sentence describes the main idea

detail sentence supports the main idea detail sentence supports the main idea detail sentence supports the main idea detail sentence supports the main idea

concluding sentence restates the main idea

WRITING PROCESS
STEPS: 1. PRE-WRITING 1.1. Choosing a Topic Plan what to write Choose the topic (purpose, audience)

1.2. Explore your Topic Think about the topic Brainstorm

1.3 Organizing Organize ideas into categories (introduction, 1st paragraph, 2nd paragraph, conclusion)

2. DRAFTING First draft Think of the beginning and ending of the paragraph

Free-writing Write as much as you can (keep the purpose in mind) Topic sentence (main idea) supporting sentences (detail sentences) closing sentences (concluding paragraph)

3. REVISING Proofread (eliminate mistakes, check spelling, grammar:sentence structure, correct verb forms, subject, verb agreement, punctuation) Reread Did I make a clear point? Do I have specific details/facts? Do I have well organize according to the outline? Check sense, logical order, something missing, Check sense Peer editing (2nd draft) 4. PUBLISHING Make the information available by handing out your written work.

The following words can help you to connect the ideas in the paragraphs. CONJUNCTIONS AND CONNECTING WORDS Conjunctions Conjunctions join two parts of a sentence and help to show the connection between the two parts of the sentence. Note the use of commas before some conjunction.

Conjunction and but because so when before, after

Function tells you more makes a contrast answers why? the

Example
We got home and went right to bed They are rich, but they aren't happy.

question We went home because we were

tired. We went home early, so we missed the end of the concert.

tells you the result

answers the questions We went home when it started to rain. when or at what time? answers the question What happened first? tells you something is surprising makes a condition
We went home before the concert ended. We went home after the singer sang his first song. We went home although /though we did not really want to. We will go home if we are tired

although/ though if Connecting words

Word only even like than also / too / as well

Function

Example

says something is smaller He sleeps only three hours every night. or less than usual says something is Everyone was on time for the meeting, even Pat, who's usually late surprising or unusual. makes a comparison
She looks like her dad.

Used after a comparative Ann is older than Chris. / She works harder than he does. adjective or adverb says something is in He works in the store, and she does also/too/as well. addition

PUNCTUATION

The symbols or marks used to organize writing into clauses, phrases and sentences to make the meaning clear. e.g.

Symbol Word (common term in brackets) full stop . comma , question mark ? exclamation mark ! colon : semi-colon ; hyphen (dash) ampersand & virgule (forward slash) / reversed virgule (backward slash) \ at @ hash # pound symbol euro symbol dollar symbol $ apostrophe ' tilde ~ asterisk *

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acute accent grave accent quotation mark left / right parentheses left / right square bracket left / right brace left / right angle bracket