,

:
PVAc










[1]
:

Polyvinyl acetate (PVA or PVAc) is a thermoplastic polymer with a chemical formula of
(C4H6O2)n. It is normally manufactured by the free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate.
The procedure involves the reaction of monomer molecules of vinyl acetate by submerging
them into water. This results in the formation of a polyvinyl acetate emulsion that is milky
white in color. The emulsion fluid can then instantly be processed as a polyvinyl acetate
polymer in products comprising the PVAc as a constituent element.
PVAc is primarily a synthetic resin polymer, which, due its non-polar nature, is insoluble in
water, oils, fats, or gasoline. On the other hand, it is soluble in alcohols, ketones, and esters. It
has a molar mass of 86.09 grams per mole (g/mol). The ester groups in the structural lattice of
polyvinyl acetate render it reactive with alkalis, and lead to the formation of polyvinyl alcohol
(PVOH, PVA, or PVAL) and acetic acid (CH3COOH). Boron compounds like borax and
boric acid also react with the polymer, under alkaline settings, leading to the formation of a
complex borate-slime-precipitate.
Polyvinyl acetate was first discovered by a German scientist Dr. Fritz Klatte in 1912. Since its
discovery, it has been employed widely as a binding material, due to its adhesive properties
for porous materials like wood and paper. Other than its use as polyvinyl acetate glue, it is
also used in paper and textile industry to produce PVA coatings that lend a shiny touch to
surfaces. PVAc is commonly used in the manufacture of latex paints, where it helps in
forming a tough coating and a supportive film. It is also widely used for the production of
polyvinyl acetate adhesives, which are more commonly known as Elmer's glue, carpenter's
glue, or white glue.
Industrial applications of PVAc normally use it in the form of a liquefied emulsion. Polyvinyl
acetate polymer exhibits sound resistance to UV rays and oxidation. This renders it an
effective polymer with good aging characteristics, yet its water sensitivity can be a problem.
This is typically taken care of by formulating it with plasticizers to increase its reliability and
stability.
When PVAc is incorporated into emulsion coatings and adhesives, it is normally converted to
polyvinyl alcohol first, which is a water-soluble polymer. This is done by means of partial
hydrolysis. On a lesser level, it is also used as a protective coating for cheese to render it safe
from humidity and fungi.[2]



















































:

- ) 1.5g PVA + 45cc ( 90C
) (
- ) 12cc
) (
- ) 0.1 g + 0.05 g 15cc (
- ) (
( -
-
- 40C ) (
-

:
= 44.18 g
= 75.28 g
= 45.9 g
= 31.1 g
= 1.72 g


% 53 . 5 100
latex of weight
polymer dry of weight
=
= 5.53 %



Latex-Modified Concretes and Mortars

.





-



















% 53 . 5 100
latex of weight
polymer dry of weight
=

0.934 5 = 4.6 g = =

% 4 . 37 100
monomer of weight
polymer dry of weight
=





-
Polymerization of vinyl acetate in bulkand emulsion by gamma irradiation [3]
The vinyl acetate polymerization to produce poly(vinyl acetate) was carried out in bulkand emulsion using a 60Co
gamma irradiator Gammacell-220 type. Irradiations were carried out with gamma rays coming from a 60Co
irradiator, Gammacell-220 of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, with a dose rate of 5.25 and 5.30 kGy/h. For the
irradiation of samples a polymerization reactor was used. This reactor has two paths (inlet and outlet), for the
circulation of the monomer solution, located at the center of a tube for the introduction of the thermocouple that is
used to control the temperature of the polymerization reaction.
Bulk polymerization was carried out with the
pure monomer, which was irradiated for 1 h and
45 min corresponding to a radiation dose of
9.18 kGy. After irradiation the polymer obtained was
precipitated with distilled water. The precipitate was
washed three times with distilled hot water, for the
elimination of residual monomer. After that, the sample
was dried in stove at 140_C for 2 h until constant weight
was reached.
In emulsion polymerization, monomers and the
sodium lauryl sulfate surfactant were used, which were
irradiated for 34 min corresponding to a radiation dose
of 3.00 kGy. After the irradiation the polymer
obtained was precipitated with ethanol and the excess
ethanol was removed. The precipitate was washed three
times with distilled hot water, for the elimination of
residual monomer. After that, the sample was dried in
stove at 140_C for 2 h, until consistent weight was
reached.

suspension polymerization[4]
To obtain high molecular weight (HMW) poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with high conversion and high linearity for
a precursor of HMW poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), vinyl acetate (VAc) was suspension-poly-merized using a low-
temperature initiator, 2,2-azobis (2,4-dimethyl-valeronitrile) (ADMVN), and the effects of polymerization
conditions on the polymerization behavior and molecular structures of PVAc and PVA prepared by saponifying
PVAc were investigated. On the whole, the experimental results well corres-ponded to the theoretically predicted
tendencies. Suspension polymerization was slightly inferior to bulk polymerization in increasing molecular
weight of PVA. In contrast, the former was absolutely superior to the latter in increasing conversion of the
polymer, which indicated that the suspension polymerization rate of VAc was faster than the bulk one. These
effects could be explained by a kinetic order of ADMVN concentration calculated by initial-rate method and an
activation energy difference of polymerization obtained from the Arrhenius plot. Suspension polymerization at
30C by adopting ADMVN proved to be successful in obtaining PVA of HMW (number-average degree of
polymerization (P
n
)): (42005800) and of high yield (ultimate conversion of VAc into PVAc: 8595%) with
diminishing heat generated during polymerization. In the case of bulk polymerization of VAc at the same
conditions, maximum P
n
and conversion of 52006200 and 2030% was obtained, respectively. The P
n
,
lightness, and syndiotacticity were higher with PVA prepared from PVAc polymerized at lower temperatures.

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[1] www.epi.lyckeby-industrial.com
[2] www.wisegeek.com/what-is-polyvinyl-acetate.htm
www.ipen.br/biblioteca/2004/09935.pdf [3]
www.springerlink.com/content/lxu4ql4p3nw0ntmp [4]