Dictionary Cheyenne - English

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Dictionary
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A-a
-a sfx. linking vowel used in transitive verbs which have -tan 'want' as a suffix. Nhne'en-tan'tvo. I
want to know him. Nvom-tan'tvo. I want to see him. Nhne'en-tan'ta. I want to know it.
-a sfx. imperative suffix for transitive verbs where more than one person is commanded to act on a
single third person. V'hoom-a! Look at him (or her)!
-a pro. he, she, inverse voice suffix. Inverse voice means that a third person subject is "acting upon" a
first or second person, or that an obviated third person is acting upon a proximate third person.
Notes (Phonology) The underlying suffix-final /e/ of this morpheme, /-ae/, drops when word-final. Nvom-a. He saw me. Nvom-aehe? Did he see me? Nsavom-ahe. He did not see me. Antonym: -. See: -ae; -a.
- cjt. should have. takes a following /h-/ tense morpheme with allomorphs '-, x-. -hnmenesstse. He
should have sung. -nmenesstse. He should have sung (more recent than with h-...). Nhe hnmenstse. He should have been the one to sing. -'oomosstse. He SHOULD have hit him (more forceful than -me'-oomho 'he should have hit him). Usage: obsolescing. See: me'-; me'h'ke-.
- theme. it, them; suffix that indicates that the object of a verb is inanimate. Takes /n/ after it when the
object is plural. Nhne'n-a. I know it. voht-antse. He saw them (inanimate). V'hoohtomhne! Look at it/them then! tsxhestanom-tse when we took it. Except for younger speakers
today, the - changes to - in negative, inferential, and conjunct verbs. For younger speakers, the - remains unchanged in the negative and inferential. savht-he. He did not see it. savht-he. (pronunciation of some younger speakers). See: -; -. Etymology: *am; cf. C e:n ??.
-aahkvhoee vai. pitchy all through. esp. of a log. -aahkvhe. There's pitch all through (the
log). Non-reduplicated: -ahkeve. Notes (Phonology) redup
-aahkvhonet
vii. pitchy. -aahkvhonto. It (esp. wood) is pitchy; full of pitch; sap. Notes (Phonology) redup Wood full of pitch is good for starting fires. Non-reduplicated: ahke.
-aht vti. listen to s.t. -hta. He listened to it. vta: -ahtov. See: -nst hear s.t.. -ahtaots'tov vta. listen to s.o. for example, don't leave yet--stop long enough to listen to me! N'eahtaots'tovstse! Listen to me (right now)! See: -ahtov; tahe.
-ahtomn
vai. listen. -ahtomne. He listened. ohksa'-ahtomnhe. He doesn't listen. ahtomnstse! Listen! ahtomne! Listen! (said to more than one person). ahtomnhne! Listen later! (said to more than one person). vta: -ahtov. See: -ests'; -nstomn hear. ahtomnee'e! Sit there listening to me! (said to more than one person). See: -estsee'e.
-ahtomnee'e vai. sit listening. -ahtomnee'e. He's sitting listening (for example, to the siren). N'-ahtomnee't vti. sit listening to s.t. -ahtomn'ta. He's sitting listening to it. -ahtomnee'tov vta. sit listening to s.o. -ahtomnee'tovho. He's sitting listening to him. See: ahtov.
-ahtomnee'tov vta. stand.listening to s.o. -ahtomnee'tovho. He's standing listening to him.

fai: -.
-ahtomn'e ahtomoneto
vai. stand listening. -ahtomn'e. He's standing listening. fai: -2. See: ahtomn listen. p. once again. for example, used when repeating something that you have said. Usage: obsolescing.
-ahtsan vai. listen. -ahtsne. He listens. fai: -san. -ahtseoneve vai. listened to, obeyed, respected. -ahtseoneve. He is listened to. -ahtov vta. listen to s.o. -ahtovho. He listened to him. N-ahtvo. I listened to him. N-aht'e.
They listened to me. ahtovstse! Listen to me! ahtova! Listen to him! (said to more than one person). ahtovoo'o! Listen to him (later)! N'-ahtove! Listen to me! (said to more than noe person).Variant: -hahtov. vti: -aht; Final: -ahtov. See: tahe Listen!; -nstov hear s.o.. Notes
(Phonology) redup
ahts'- pv. already; simultaneously; at the same time. often follows preverb e-. Notes (Phonology)
final -e is added preceding a vowel -ahts'nheve. He already did it. Nhhe mn'eahts'hestohtshhe; mhnhnvho'eohehhe tsohketoenvtse. I was already born there; the midwife didn't get there in time. [1987:26] See: vtsno; nen-; e-.
a'e ni. year, winter. Mxhtoanthanhe 'e. It was a tough winter.
[1987:42] no'ke-'e one year. na'he-'e three years. Naa nhe'e ne-'e nhhe n'ev'hhtse nhe'e nhtavh'htse. And then for two years I stayed there, then I came back home. (1987:185). Plural: aentse; Oblique: anva. See: -anam. Etymology: *pepo:nwi.
'e mna'e vii. New Years. Usage: likely a modified loan translation from English.Literally: It's a
new year.. 'e tshmna'e when the year was new.
aa'se-
pv. back. Nv'e-aa'sexheve! Don't say anything back! Nv'e-aa'sexhme! Don't say anything to make it worse! (said to more than one person). Nv'e-aa'setnme! Don't do anything to make it worse! (said to more than one person). Msta-aa'sho'eohts'tovhevovhe. They met him. [1987:54] See: aose; va-.
mh'e na. Always A Woman. translation uncertain. amehn'e na. Walking Woman. -a voice. they; inverse voice suffix for TA verbs with third person plural or obviative subject. Nvom'e. They saw me. Nsavom-ahe. They did not see me. Antonym: -2.Variant: -a. See: -'e; e.
-ae -ae
voice. inanimate subject acting on an animate object. Nho'ht-aa'e. It came to me. Notes (Phonology) vs voice. inverse voice suffix. Noom-aehe? Did he hit you? Nsavom-ahe. He didn't hit me. tsonom-aevose the one(s) (obv) who called them. See: -a. (Phonology) vs 2 chair meeting; in charge of meeting. Usage: fig..
-ae'ta'ee'e vai. 1 face sitting. -ae'ta'ee'e. He is sitting facing (for example, facing the crowd). Notes
-ae'ta'e't vti. sit facing s.t. -ae'ta''ta. He sat facing it. -ae'ta'e'tov vta. sit facing s.o. -ae'ta'e'tovho. He sat facing him. -ae'ta'oe'tov vta. stand facing s.o. -ae'ta'oe'tovho. He's standing facing him/them. -ae'ta''e vai. face standing. for example, facing a crowd. -ae'ta''e. He's standing facing. Notes
(Phonology) vs fai: -.
-anam fai. year(s). no'ke-anma. He is one year old. tnsthe-anma? How old is he? (lit. he is
how many yeared?). Ntnsthe-anma? How old are you? See: 'e; -he-aname.
anva obl. winter time; year. IndepNoun: 'e. -aneve vii. be winter. -aneve. It's winter. Etymology: *pepo:no:wi. anevo'xhthono na. winter underwear, long johns.Literally: winter-pants. Variant: anevxhthono.
This word is grammatically plural, referring to both legs or multiple pairs. See: hhto; asso'xhto.
anevxhthono na. winter underwear, long johns.Literally: winter-pants. Variant: anevo'xhthono.

This word is grammatically plural, referring to both legs or multiple pairs. See: hhto; asso'xhthono.
anohe
na. 1 hawk; winterhawk.Pl: anheo'o. Obviative: anhho. Etymology: cf. M pepo:ne'naew winterhawk. See: hoestomo; anva. 2 Hawk; Winterhawk.
Anohe hno'kaestse na. Lone Hawk. Anohe hv'komaestse na. White Hawk. Anohe xha'ho'oesstse vai. High Hawk.Literally: hawk high-hanging. Anhea'eotse na. Attacking Hawk. Anhea'knoo'e na. Roosting Hawk.
Anhee'e na. Sitting Hawk. Notes (Phonology) vs Anhv'htse na. Flying Hawk. Anh'ke na. Hawk Woman. anhematsnoono na. swift hawk wings. Anhenhovhe na. Chasing Hawk. Anhenstoohe na. Howling Hawk. See: Anohe Nstoohe. Anhso na. 1 sparrow hawk.Literally: little hawk. Pl: anhesono. Obviative: anhesono.
2 Little Hawk.
anhevhkhe na. jackrabbit.Literally: hawk-rabbit. Variant: anhevhe ?. Pl: anhevhkooheho.

Obviative: anhevhkooheho. See: vhkhe.
anhevohho'eeve ni. jackrabbit hide. See: ho'eeve. -ano'ts vai. camp all winter. -an'tse. He camped all winter. 'hke=nh='e'-ano'tseo'o nhhe
txeo'h'e nhhe 'hkemaehhostoneo'o ka'kneho They used to camp there all winter near the banks of the river where the children went to school. [1987:181] Final: -o'ts.
-anoo'e
vii. so many years in time. Naa nhe'e tsstano'ke-anoo'etse tsstavhseameohtsnovetse mstavhshnhtsevomhhe. And then after one year when they went there again they went to look for him again. (1987:294). Notes (Phonology) not vs
aentse ni. years; winters. Singular: 'e. Etymology: *peponali (Pi). -aes pro. conjunct ending for 3rd person subject acting on 2nd person plural object. tsonom-ase the
one who called you (plural). tshvom-ase when he saw you (plural).
-aese pro. conjunct participle ending for 3rd person obviative subject acting on 3rd person proximate
object. tsonom-aese the one who called him. See: -ose.
-aesee'e
pro. conjunct ending for 3rd person plural subject acting on 2nd person plural object. tsonom-aesee'e the ones who called you (plural). tshvom-aesee'e when he saw you (plural).
esthkhne na. lizard.Variant: esthkhne. Pl: esthkhnne ??. Obviative: esthkhnne ??. these
are bigger than salamanders and a little different from he'httne 'lizards'; they are caught and a red ribbon is tied around their necks. See: ho'tooheso; he'htto.Pl: aesthkhnaneo'o ??.
-esto'n vti. mix together s.t. -esto'na. He is mixing it together. ts-esto'ene that which is mixed
together (for example, hash). -asto'nantse She mixed them (inan.) together. vta. mix together s.o. -esto'eno. He mixed him/them.Variant: -esto'nho.. Asto'nenno! Shuffle them (cards)!
asto'n'o ni. blender.Literally: mixer. Usage: neologism.Variant: asto'pea'hasenesttse. asto'pea'hasenesttse asto'peeneo'o

ni. blender.Literally: mix Usage: neologism.Variant: asto'eneo'o; asto'peeneo'o. together grinding thing.
ni. blender.Literally: mix together grinder. Usage: neologism.Variant: asto'eneo'o; asto'pea'hasenesttse.
astom- i. false. astome- pv. false; for nothing; for free. N-astomemtaa'e. He gave it to me for nothing (it didn't cost
me anything). astomev'ho'e false Cheyenne. -astomemanstse hov'he. He 'makes up stories.'. Nsa'-astomhev'tove'tovatshe. You are not my brother-in-law for nothing. (1987:173). -astomemomxemho. He turned him in for nothing. See: pnhta; hov'he; hov'hane.
-astomeno'e vii. taste flat. -astomeno'e. It's flat/there's no taste to it. See: -tne'no'e how taste. -astomesevohe vai. make a free throw in basketball. -astomesevoohe. He made a free throw.
See: -sevohe; astome-. Usage: neologism.
-astomhasen
vai. play (cards) for nothing. that is, to play without betting anything. astomhasne. He played for nothing.
astomema'heo'o na. devil, evil spirit; idol (rarer meaning).Literally: false-sacred.power. See: hevohe;
hvsvevhanhe.
astomemshesttse
na. potato, bistort. the Ch. term is used by some today for 'potato (domesticated)'.Variant: mshesttse2. Pl: astomemshstoto. astomotse'ohe.
-astomemt vta. give to s.o. for free. N-astomemettse. I'm giving this to you for free. See: -mt; -astomeohts
vai. come for nothing; make false trip; wasted his time coming. See: pnohta. astomehtse. He came for nothing/wasted his time.
astomev'ho'e na. 1 false Cheyenne.Literally: false-whiteman. an epithet used of Cheyenne Indians

who don't have some of the traditional characteristics of Cheyennes; esp. said of Cheyennes who don't talk Cheyenne (this term is used to tease them or put them down). 2 little devil. Astome-v'h'e hsem'atovnhneo'o. The little devils are making fire (lit. smoke) again. (This was said when smoke arose out of a reservation coal mine.). Synonym: hevhso little devil. Usage: An elder recently said that Catholics use this term for 'devil'.. Preverb: astome-.
astomev'keemahpe ni. artificial sugar. See: nthvev'keemahpe. Usage: neologism. -astomevom vta. hallucinated.Literally: falsely see s.o.. for instance, when badly sick or when taking
peyote. -astomevome hov'he. Something is falsely seen.
-astomhta'han vai. tell a false story. -astomhta'hne. He told a false story. -astomhta'hov vta. tell a false story to s.o. Nsa'-astomhta'hovatshme. I'm not making up
stories to you. [A father used to say this to his children.] See: -hhta'hov.
astomhta'heo'o ni. myth. See: hhta'heo'o; on'semhta'heo'o.Literally: false-story. -astom'an vai. speak falsely; speak untruthfully; break promise. -astom'ne. He spoke falsely.
fai: -'an. See: -v'nenhevoo'o; -hetm.
-astomo'eh vta. falsely treat s.o. -astomo'eeho. He treated him falsely. [pd746] -astomsem vta. tell a false story about s.o. -astomsemho. He told a false story about him. See: hsem; -nets'e'tov.
-astomotse'ohe vai. work for free. -astomotse'ohe. He's working for free (not getting paid). See: astomemt; -hotse'ohe.
-estsee'e vai. sit listening. -estsee'e. He is sitting listening. Hevsenho '-estsesesto. His friend was
listening. v'ne-estseo'o. They are just sitting listening (but not really listening, for example, disregarding the message). See: -ahtomnee'e.
-ests' vai. listen. -ests'o. He's listening. ests'htse! Listen!Variant: -hassts'. See: -ahtomn. -ests' vai. listen standing. -ests'e. He's standing listening. 'hke-estsoesesto. They would
stand there and listen. [JOURNEY.TXT] Notes (Phonology) vs
-estsotse vai. listen. N'-estsotse! Listen here! (a crier would say this, calling for people's attention). -estse vai. lie listening. -estse. He's lying listening. -estse'tov
vta. lie listening to s.o. Mstaenhetse-estse'tovhevhe. He lay there and kept listening to him. [1987:300]
-akonho't vii. burn. of some inanimate thing, for example, meat or toast. -akonh'ta. It got
burned crisp (for example, toast). See: -akonoesth'ta.
-akonmea'xe vai. smell burnt, burnt smell. -akonmea'xe. He has a burnt smell. -akonmeeho't
meho't. vii. smell burnt. like burnt bread. -akonmeeh'ta. It smells burnt. See: -
-aekonoestho'h vti. burn s.t. quickly while cooking. N-aekonoesth'ha. I burned it (cooking). -akonoestho't vii. of some inanimate thing, for example, meat or toast. -akonoesth'ta. It
quickly got burned to a crisp. See: -akonho't.
-akonvema'h vii. smell burnt; burnst smell. -akonvem'ha. It smells burnt (for example,
burnt bread). fti: -ma'h.
aksa'hese ni. shoulder meat. It is pointed in shape. ethvo ni. rib area meat. from area of the ribs; the meat is very tender. See: he'pe. -aets
sfx. conjunct ending for 3rd person subject acting on 1st person plural (both inclusive and exclusive) object. tsonom-atse the one who called us. tshmhot-atse because he loved us.
-aetsee'e sfx. conjunct ending for 3rd person plural subject acting on 1st person plural (both inclusive
and exclusive) object. tsonom-aetsee'e the ones who called us.
-ah mbp. vagina. mtsev-hotse. She has V.D. (lit. she has an infected vagina). IndepNoun: ma'ksta.
See: -'kest2.
-ahaehn vai. detour. See: -ahaeohts; o'ome-. -ahahne. He detoured. -ahaeohts vai. detour. -ahaehtse. He detoured. Ntate-ahaeohtsema! Let's go around! [JOURNEY.TXT] hahehe p. woe unto you!Variant: 'a'ehe. Usage: may no longer be used. See: ahehe. -hahtov vta. listen to s.o. hahtovstse! Listen to me!Variant: -ahtov. Usage: heard less often than ahtov.
-ah'en fai. cook. Notes (Phonology) seems to be -ah'en for most forms; perhaps there is a phonological rule
that overrides the initial -a if the last vowel of the preceding initial is -e phv-h'ne. She cooked well. xh-'ne. She finished cooking. he'k-h'ne. She cooked the food until it is tender. Nphvem-ah'ne. You cooked good smelling food. hohp-h'ne. She's making soup.Variant: -h'en. vta: -ah'eov. See: -homos cook; -xho'he; -hoohe; -honn bake.
-ah'eov fta. cook for s.o. n-ah'e'e hevkemo. His mother-in-law cooked the return wedding meal
for him. [WEDDING.TXT] Nphv-h'evo. I cooked good for him. fai: -ah'en. See: -homhtov.
han- i. extreme. -haneh vta. scare s.o. to death; extremely frighten s.o. -hanehho. He frightened him to death.
stato'se-hanehaesesto nhe na'stse. (The beaver) almost scared him to death. See: -n'taeh; -heh; -t'omeh. hanaetse one day when he was very big (1987:195). Antonym: -hanhketa.
[1987:277]
-hanaeta vai. extremely big. the bigness could be from physical swelling. no'ka eva tshma'xe-hanhketa vai. extremely small, tiny. -hanhketa. He is extremely small. Antonym: -hanaeta. -hanho'he vai. die from heat, burn to death, very hot. Usage: used as humorous exaggeration during
very hot weather. -hanho'he. He died from the heat; he's very, very hot.
-hanho't
vii. extremely hot and dry weather; extremely burned, extremely hot weather. hanh'ta. It's extremely hot weather (and everything has dried up). Final: -aho't. hthanho'taa'stse whenever it is extremely burned out. [Stamper 1991:6] outside in the cold without adequate warm clothing or blankets; can also refer to leaving melons or cantelopes (both animate) in a garden so late in the growing season that they freeze -hanhtamho. He got him so cold. See: -he'konose.
-hanhtam vta. get s.o. cold. Notes (General) Note: Esp. used to refer to when a mother takes her baby
-hana'eme vai. cry intensely. -hana'eme. He really cried. See: -a'xaame cry. -hana''h vta. kill by running over s.o. -hana'o'ho. He killed him by running over him. -hana'ov
vta. smother s.o.; kill s.o. by falling on; lie on s.o. to death; wear out s.o. can refer to wearing out an article of clothing (animate). -hana'ovho. He killed him by falling (or lying) on him / He rode him (for example, a horse) to death. -hana''e. He (obv) killed him by falling on him (for example, the horse killed its rider when it bucked him off and fell on him). See: -haneoha'ov.
-hana'xan vai. Final: -a'xan.collapse from crying. See: -thpe'a'xan. -hana'xne. He collapsed
from crying.
-hana'xanotse vai. cry extremely hard, cry and pass out. -hana'xanotse. He cried so hard he
passed out.
-hana'xe vai. worn out from jerking. This could be from movement during intercourse. -hana'xe.
He is worn out from jerking.
-hanan vta. hold s.o. to death. -hananho. He held him until he could not breathe (or, until he died). -hanao' vii. huge; extremely big. -hana'o. It's extremely big/huge. See: -ma'hao'; -thpe'. -hansmeotse -hane'e
vai. dysentary, die from defecating. for example, to die from dehydration. hansmeotse. He died from defecating. fai: -sme. vai. die from drinking, be extremely drunk, dead drunk, pass out from drinking. hane'e. He's dead drunk. fai: -ase'e.
-han'ee'e vai. sit dead drunk. -han'ee'e. He's sitting dead drunk. fai: -as'e. -han'ee vai. lie dead drunk. -han'e. He's lying dead drunk. fai: -as'e. -hanatamno'e
vii. intense. Naa ohtsema'xe-hanatamno'e Ma'heo'o tsvstomotse. And it's surely a glorifying thing which God has promised us. [1987:241] Notes (Phonology) iah
-hantamao' vai. Final: -tamao'.intensely laugh. laughter can be so intense that the person rolls on
the ground. -hantama'o. He laughed so hard.
hane- pv. very much, extremely, intensely. -hanephva'e. It is really good. N-hanepottse. I
really hate you!/I hate you to death! (a terrible thing to say to someone). See: he-; ma'xe-; ot'-; heme-.
-hane'han vai. eat and die, eat and get sick. -hane'hna. He ate so much he threw up. -hanemas vta. shoot s.o. fatally. -hanemsho. He fatally shot him. N-hanemso hem'kne. I shot
him in his head. fta: -emas. See: -am shoot s.o..
-hanemohe vai. exhausted from running. -hanemohe. He's so tired from running. fai: -mohe. -hannome vai. die from sleep. Nsta-hannome. You will die from sleep (because you sleep so
much). Usage: usually humorous.
-haneoesthne vai. 1 knock dead, swat.

2 sleep really well. Usage: fig.. for example, how one sleeps after working for a long time or fighting a fire. -haneoesthne. He slept really well (lit. he's been knocked dead).
-haneoestoh(n) vta. swat s.o.; beat s.o. to death; kill rapidly s.o. by tool (or on body); knock out s.o.;
knock s.o. dead. -haneoesthnho. He knocked him dead. haneoestheha! Swat him! (for example, a fly). See: -oest; -na'h.
-haneoeee vai. die in a wreck. -haneoee. He was killed in an accident (for example, a car
wreck). naa ts't='sevone xxamaetsho'enasstse tstaohke-haneoeesstse And this buffalo was just lying all over, dying from colliding with (the tree). (1987:309). vta: -haneoeem.
-haneoeem vta. kill s.o. in a wreck, kill s.o. by throwing down. for example, in a car accident. haneoeemho. He caused his death in a wreck. vai: -haneoeee.
-haneoeve vai. die of scabies. -haneoeve He died of scabies. See: -oeve. -haneoha'ov vta. kill s.o. by stepping on. -haneoha'ovho. He squashed him (esp. by stepping on
him). See: -hana'ov.
-hansenove
vai. very bad. See: -henove; -momta'ehe. -hansenove. He is really bad. vta: hansenovem.
-hansth vai. very angry. '-hansthahoo'o He was very angry. [Croft 1988:25:36] Final: -hth. -hanee
vai. tumble, fall, trip. for example, from an upright position. -hane. He tumbled.Literally: extremely-lie. See: -hothta'; -va'; -ovhanee; -heoeee.
-hanhn vai. hit; swat; club. -hanhne. He hit. See: -oom hit s.o.; -oosan hit. -hanhkona'he
vai. very small and skinny. -hanhkona'he. He is extremely small and skinny. See: -thkona'he.
-hanoh(n) vta. swat s.o.; club s.o. -hanhnho. He clubbed him. Ho'honaa'o v'ehanhestsnovo.
They are throwing rocks at each other. (lit., by means of rocks they are throwing rocks at each other). See: -oom; -ne'enseh.
-hanhomo'he vai. exhausted from dancing. -hanhomo'he. He's exhausted from dancing. fai: ohom'he.
-ahanht
vti. bite s.t. -ahanhta. He bit it. Ahanhthtse! Bite it! fti: -ht; vta: -ahanom. See: nha'ht.
-hano'eh vta. exhaust s.o. often refers to wearing out s.o. during sex. -hano'ehahtse. He wore
himself out from sex. Synonym: -hana'xe. See: -m'to'eh; -nhe'oot.
-hano'enohe vai. overly full of food. N-hano'enohe. I'm so stuffed. fai: -o'enohe. -ahan'san vai. bite. -ahan'sne. He bit.Variant: -han'san. vti: -ahanht; vta: -ahanom. -hano'xohts vai. die from carrying a load. -hano'xhtse. He died from carry a load. -ahanom
vta. bite s.o. -ahanomho. He bit him. -ahanom'e. He (obv) bit him. fta: -om; vti: ahanht; vai: -ahansan.
-hanma'o'e vii. very muddy ground. -hanma'o'e. It is very muddy ground. -hanoma't vti. pained extremely much by s.t. -hanom'ta. It's really hurting bad for him. See: hama't.
-hanomsth
vai. pout, upset, hurt. -hanomstha. He is upset/hurt/pouting. BodyPartMedial: hth. See: -hesth; -mstov.
-hann'o vii. shrivel and die (of vegetation). -hann'o. It shriveled and died. See: -hne'. -hannoo'e vai. wait to death. Usage: fig..Literally: fatally-sit. -hannoo'e. He waited to death. fai: noo'e.
-hannov vai. talk spectactularly. -hannva. He talked so spectacularly. -ahansan vai. bite. -ahansne. He bit. vta: -ahanom. See: -ahan'san; -nha'san. -hanose vai. freeze to death. -hanose. He froze to death. fai: -ose. See: -tonahe; -n'tose. -hanotse'heohe
vai. work very intensively, work to death (fig.). Nto'se-hanotse'heohe. I almost worked myself to death.
-hanxom vta. feed s.o. to death. -hanxomho. He fed him to death / he fed him so much he got
sick. See: -hoxom.
hse
p. also. hse ntaohkeem'tno tsohkemhae'eheese naa mto tsohkemha'ehevse. I remember the things he used to say and also what he used to do.Variant: hse; hso. See: mto; naa; aose.
-hasstse' vai. wait and listen; keep on listening. -hassts'o. He kept on listening,Variant: -estse'. hso p. also.Variant: hse; hse. hso totsa'e other places. See: mto; naa; aose. hatoo'se p. I told you it would be that way.Variant: hatoo'se. -ah fna. like, similar. M'enn-he hehes'xo'sta. He has ears like turtles (that is, he won't listen).
See: -heh; -ses; -sestahe.
he p. nasty!, dirty! implies 'don't touch it!'. See: xxhe; hpahpa. Usage: colloq.; baby talk. -ahe fai. abstract AI final of state. typically refers to a rather permanent state or condition of someone.
phv-ahe He is good. he'kot-ahe He's a quiet person. homht-ahe. He's a sick person.
ahehe p. oh; good; nice; wonderful. an exclamation. See: hahehe; aa; noo; a'ahe. -ahkame na. sap; pitch; gum. na-ahkame my gum. he-ahkamo his gum. IndepNoun: ahke. -ahkan fai. gum; pitch. Ntho'ene-ahkanmne let's go pick tree gum (for example, for chewing as
gum or as glue for flutes).
ahke na. sap; pitch; gum. Etymology: *pekiwa. -ahkeve vii. vai. 1 be gum, be gummy, be pitchy. -ahkeve. It's pitchy.
2 be superb. Usage: fig.. Nhtsesta -ahkeve. It fills my heart with pleasure. See: aahkvhonet.
hkv'stse ni. gumweeds.
-ahkheohts vai. play hoop game. Naa tshvon'o '-hkheohtssesto ksovaheho. And the next
morning the young men played the hoop game. [1980:2:3] See: xhono.
ahk'- i. roll. hk'a'haseono na. dominoes; dice-throwing? -ahk'e''h vta. roll s.o. -ahk'e'o'ho. He rolled him (for example, a ball, animate). N-ahk'e''hoo'o
I rolled them. vti: -ahk'e''ts.
-ahk'e''ts vti. roll s.t. N-ahk'e''tse I rolled it. vta: -ahk'e''h. -ahk'e'ov vta. roll s.o. by kicking. -ahk'e'ovho. He rolled him by kicking him. -ahk'en 1 vti. roll s.t.; roll s.o. N-ahk'na. I rolled it. Ahk'nhtse! Roll it! (for example, roll it into
a ball from dough). vta. -ahk'enho. He rolled him (for example, a ball, animate). Ahk'eneha! Roll him! 2 vta. rob s.o. Usage: loan transl. from English.
-ahk'enen vai. play marbles. Nth-ahk'enenmne Let's play marbles! ahk'enenhe na. tumblebug. Usage: od. Holliman Spelling: ah go i ni ni.Pl: ahk'enenheo'o. -ahk'enen'e vai. roll (something) while standing. -ahk'enen'e. He rolled (something) while
standing. Notes (Phonology) vs
hk'en'o ni. marble.Pl: hk'eneontse.

na. marble.Pl: hk'eneono. .
-ahk'even vti. vta. roll s.t./s.o. by hand. N-ahk'evno. I pushed him by hand and he rolled/fig. I
'rolled' him (for his money). state-ahk'evenhtsesstse He rolled himself over (1987:195).
-ahk'oh vti. roll s.t. by tool. -ahk'ha. He rolled it by tool. -ahk'hen

vai. spin a top, roll hoops. -ahk'hne. He's spinning a top. Mnsthahk'henmne? Shall we go spin our tops? Nth-ahk'henmne! Let's go roll hoops!
ahk'h'o na. hoop. See: hhtsme.Literally: roll(-thing). -ahk'o't vii. sit round; round sit. for example, be a round pile, or be a round thing sitting somewhere.
-ahk''ta. It's sitting as a round thing.
hoemh'o na. cantelope. See: mh'o. -aho'he fai. by heat, by sun.Variant: -ho'he. am-ho'he. He's going along by car. von-ho'he. He was
burned up. he'kon-ho'he. He's cooked hard. fta: -aho'h(n); fti: -aho't. See: -ho'he.
-aho'h(n)
fta. by heat; by burning; by the sun. Nvon-h'no I burned him up; destroyed him by burning. Nvon-ho'he He burned me up; destroyed me by burning. Non'x-ho'he. You burned me. Etymology: *-eh0a'swi 'you-me (by burning)' > Ch /-aho'he/ (Go88).
-aho'hov fai. heat, engine. m't-ho'hva. He ran out of gas. -aho't fii. by heat; by burning; by sun. von-h'ta. It was burned up. voneoest-h'ta. It burned
instantly. This final varies between -aho't and -ho't. See: -ho't. fai: -aho'he; fta: -aho'h(n).
-ahth
m. pants. n't-htha. He took off his pants. ka'o'htha. He's wearing short pants. See: hohtoho.
-ahtoeotse vai. head to hide. -ahtoeotse. He's heading off to hide. -ahtoee vai. hide, lie buried. -ahtoe. He's hiding (for example, under leaves). -ahtoeem vta. hide s.o. -ahtoeemho. He hid him. See: -n'oet. -hto' i. beneath; under. -hto'an vti. cover s.t. by hand. -hto'na. He covered it up with his hand.
vta. cover s.o. by hand.
-hto'na vai. be buried under snow. -hto'na. He got buried under snow. Final: -n. -hto'e'h vti. cover s.t. with feet. -hto''ha. ?? He tamped down the dirt around/over it / he covered
it with his feet.
hto('h)- i. under; bury. -hto'ha' vti. cover s.t. by foot. -hto'h'a. He covered it by foot. vta: -hto'ha'ov. -hto'hoh vti. cover s.t., bury s.t. by tool. -hto'hha. He buried it. hto'hohtse! Cover it up! vta: hto'hoh(n).
hto'hohesttse ni. grave.Literally: burial-NOM. -hto'hoh(n)

vta. bury s.o. -hto'hohnho. He buried him. -hto'hohe. He is buried/it is buried. Tsa'e -hto'hoheo'o? Where are they buried? vti: -hto'oh. vta. bury s.o., cover s.o. quickly. hto'hma'e''xeha! Quickly cover him! Nhto'hma'e''ho. I covered him quickly. vti. cover s.t. -hto'hma'na. He's covering it. can refer to how a dog covers something, such as a bone, with its paws. vta. cover s.o. slower action than -hto'hma'e''h. hto'hma'eneha! Cover him! Hnhhe mhv'ne-hto'hma'enhevhe. There they were covered up. See: -hto'hma'e''h.
-hto'hma'e''h -hto'hma'en
-hto'hma'en vti. cover. -hto'hma'na. He's covering it. can refer to filling in a grave. -hto'hov vai. buried under water; be buried under water. -hto'hva. He is buried under water.
Medial: -ov.
-ahto'hovotse vii. covered by water, buried by water. -ahto'hovotse. It was covered by water.
Final: -ov.
-hto'o'en vta. bury s.o. under grass. N-ahto'o'no. I buried him under grass. -ahtomn fai. hear. tshst-htomne. He understands Cheyenne. tv-htomne. He is a little hard
of hearing. nhahk-htomne. He has good hearing. Nhtam'sta tsohkev'nhet-htomnto. I'll tell it just the way I used to hear it. vai: -ahtomn; fta: -ahtov. See: -nstomn.
htno'e p. under; below. Synonym: tooxene. htno'e 'oesttse na. slip.Literally: underneath skirt. htno'e stse'he na. undershirt. Usage: probably a loan translation from English. htno'e hone'ono na. underwear.Literally: underneath clothes. Variant: htno'e hone'ontse. htno'e v'e'snhesttse na. underpants. Usage: loan transl.. htno'e ...-amho'he htno'om'e
vai. have a high fever.Literally: underneath (go.)along-by.heat. htno'e amho'he. He has a bad fever. p. underworld, hell.Literally: underneath-realm. This is a longstanding word in Cheyenne referring to the underworld of Cheyenne cosmology. More recently some speakers have the meaning of 'hell' for it. Some say that Hevohe lives here. naa msavo'stanvhahtstanhtse exane ttseha htno'om'e and if we don't want to be saved it's been prepared long ago, hell (1987:117). See: a'enevonenahttse; hevhenno.
Ahtonhts'e na. (woman's name). -ahtohe fai. sound, howl, make noise. Often refers to the characteristic noise of whatever entity is
sounding, for example, bark of dog, moo of cow, meow of cat, crack of thunder, but also seems to be used more broadly of other speech acts, such as cautioning, advising, etc. von-htohhe nightingale (lit. all.night-howl-one). am-htohe. He (for example, cow, thunder) goes along hollering (that is, making its characteristic noise). ho'h-ahtohe. He was overheard hollering (meowing, croaking, neighing, etc.). -tnethtohe? How does he howl? / What sound does he make? See: -nstoohe.
-ahtov
fta. hear s.o. am-htovho. He said yes to him. -ahtovho. He listened to him. phvhtovho. He listened to him well. Etymology: *-ehtaw.
-ahtse sfx. reflexive and reciprocal suffix. This has the meaning of action done to oneself (reflexive) or
to each other (reciprocal). To make the reciprocal meaning clear, the particle nonm't'e is sometimes included. Noom-ahtse. I hit myself. Nonm't'e vomhtseo'o. They saw each other. See: -estse. Etymology: *etwi.
-ahtsen mbp. mouth, lips. ne'x-htse. He gargled (lit. wash-mouth). N-'htsenotse. I have a dry
mouth. hess-htsena'xe. He has twitching on his mouth. Np-ahtsenhno. I punched him in the mouth. vhp-htse-nhkohe grizzly bear (lit. white-mouthed-bear). m'h-ahtsenahe? Does he have a beard? See: mahtse mouth; nahtse my mouth; ma'ahtse arm/hand; m'hahtse moustache.
-a' fti. by foot. Nmx-'a. I touched it with my foot. Nstov-'a. I pumped it up with my foot. fta: -a'ov;
BodyPartMedial: -haht. See: -'. Etymology: *ehk.
a'ahe p. no. Usage: colloq. expression; baby talk. See: ahehe. 'a'ehe p. exclamation.Variant: hahehe. See: aa; noo. -'avahtse vai. drooping lips. -'avhtse. He has drooping lips. BodyPartMedial: -ahtsen. -'avas vai. belly hang over. esp. hangs over one's belt. -'avse. His belly hangs over. Synonym: 'avst.
-'avst vai. hang over. -'avsto. He's hung over. esp. hangs over belt. Synonym: -'avas. -'avn vai. drooping face. -'avne He has a droopy face. -'avn' vai. sad face. -'avn'o. He looks sad.Variant: -'evn'. See: -mstov. -'av'stomo'he vai. influence to wish for (s.t.). he tx'e nstssa'nenhhe vo'stane nstsenstova
nstae-a'av'stomo'he nhtsenhpaohkeemaenstamne Hey, again and again don't keep
repeating that, someone will hear you. You will have them all start thinking that way, I will be thought of that way (1987:175).
-a'av'seh
vta. influenced by s.o., catch sickness of s.o., cause s.o. to crave. -a'av'shho. He influenced him.Variant: -a'ov'seh. See: -to'stseh; -vonhha'ov; -m'ov'seh.
-'av'so'he vai. contagious. -'av'so'he. He is contagious. 'e p. near; soon; close. 'e tnsth'e after a few days. See: kahkse; kseto. -a' voice. conjunct participle ending for 3rd person subject acting on 1st person object. tsonom-'stse
the one who called me. Notes (Phonology) gr ??; the pitch is perceived quite high and may actually be raised to be -'stse See: -'se.
-a' mbp. head. Hev-a'he Yellow Hair. Nkn-a'e I bumped my head. -tshe'st'e He has long hair.
-vhp'e He has gray hair. -nxa'e his head hurts/he hurt his head. Etymology: *-exkwe: (medial).Variant: -a'k. See: -ovse; -hts.
'ee'se
na. Big Nose, Knob Nose, Pug Nose. translated as Big Nose, but Knob Nose is better translation. See: P'ee'se. vta. put s.o. in a bundle. -a'enho. He put him in a bundle.Variant: -a'ken.
-a'en vti. have s.t. in a bundle (for example, in fold of apron). N-a'na. I have it in a bundle. -a'ees vai. have a pug nose. -a'ese. He has a pug nose. a'eesmo'ehe na. moose. Usage: neologism.Literally: pugnose-elk. See: mhpmo'ehe. a'evo'ha
na. donkey.Literally: humped-horse Obviative: a'evo'hme. See: -a'ees; v'h'hta. ??. Variant: a'kevo'ha. Pl: a'evo'hme.
-'eh vta. meet a real need for s.o. N-'ee! Thank you! N-'emeno! Thank you! (expressed by more
than one person to one or more persons). N-'eha. He was generous, good, to you, gave you something good you really needed. -'hho. He met his need. -'ehe. He was given something he really needed. vai: -'stman. Although this is a short word, it is rich in meaning. It refers to one's meeting a real need of another, being generous and thoughtful to meet that need, for example, bringing a load of wood for someone when his wood is almost gone and it is cold weather, or giving that person a warm blanket on a cold day. The action produces a sense of gratefulness in the recipient. In verbs where the second person acts on the first person verbs, this has come to be the "traditional" Cheyenne way of expressing thanks-that is, the speaker is telling the hearer how much he or she has met a real need. The commonly used word "hahoo" for 'thank you' is considered an inter-tribal word, not the "real" Cheyenne way of saying thank you. See: -'etse; haho.
-'hahtsvoena'tov vta. thank s.o. in prayer. Naa, Ma'heo'o, n-'hahtsvoena'tovtse. And, God, I
thank you in prayer. [PRAISE.TXT] Final: -en.
a'e'-
i. separate; apart. -a'e'h'ta. It is in another place. -a'e'hoo'e. He keeps to himself/he is by
himself.
-a'e'han vti. N-a'e'hna. I separated it.

vta. separate s.t./s.o.
a'e'e- pv. separately; aside; by oneself. See: taome-; -a'e'han; no'ke-. -a'e'emsehe. He is eating by
himself. Naa heho m'-a'e'ethoehevhe. And her father rode a separate horse. [1987:26] See: a'a'ta'ee'e.
-a'e'ene'ho't vii. separate room. ts-a'e'ene'h'ta room (lit. that.which.is-separate-room.be). See: ne'ho't.
-a'e'etan -'en
vai. want to be separate. Nsa'-a'e'etanhe. I don't want to be separate. ohkea'e'etanoo'o. They like to be separate. See: -ov'e'etan.
vti. own s.t., keep s.t., have (in sense of ownership) s.t. prototypical usage for ownership of concrete entities: -'na. He owns it. ts-'enomo that (thing) which you own. vta. own s.o., keep s.o., have (in sense of ownership) s.o. -'enho. He owns him. those who had a divining relationship to familiar spirits were said to 'have/own' these spirits: ts'the ts'enovose nsemono these who had spirits. [1987:146] can be used of some domestic relationships: N-'no nsahne'enovhe tshe'haese. I was keeping (a little girl), I don't know how old she was. [1987:158] xhetsesto he'ho ts-'enose. He told (surp.) his wife (lit. the woman that he owned). [1987:170] See: -ho'ts have s.t.; -ho'h have s.o.; htshtse possession; -hestshvaov; he-; -'eneo'o.
a'en- i. long time. -a'enoo'e. He stayed for a long time. -a'ena'xan vai. cry for a long time. -a'ena'xne. He cried for a long time. a'enepv. long time. has been extended to usage for 'eternal' but does not actually mean that. See: ha'e-. mae'-a'eneestsstove. There are many speeches. (lit., there is from so many long lasting speaking). -a'enea'xaame. He cried for a long time. Nhhe hnee'-a'enenehoo'o.
She stood up there for a long time. (1987:269).
a'ene'xvepv. forever. tse-a'ene'xveametanne He shall live eternally. a'ene'xvva obl. forever. Naa oha ttseha a'ene'xvva tshno mhv'hahtshhe. But then long ago he
always was, he had been here all the time. [1987:238] See: t'ome'xvva.
-a'ennome vai. sleep for a long time. -a'ennome. He slept for a long time. -a'enenon vai. sing for a long time, sing forever. -a'enenne. He sang for a long time. -'en'o ni. possessed thing; thing owned. he-'en'o his (own) thing. [Croft 1988:21:17]Pl: -'eneontse.
Notes (Phonology) vs na. possessed thing (animate), thing (animate) owned. Pl: -'eneono. See: -htshtse.
-a'enee vai. lie for a long time. -a'ene. He's been lying there for a long time. a'eneto p. forever. a'enevonenahttse
ahtno'om'e. ni.
hell.
Usage: neologism.Literally: forever-lost-NOM.
See: hevhenno;
-a'no'ham fai. drive. am-a'no'hme. He is driving along. onst-a'no'hme. He is taking driver's

education.
a'en'n- i. dark. a'en'nepv. dark. -a'en'nee'e vai. sit in darkness. -a'en'nee'e. He's sitting in the dark. -a'en'ne'xanotse vai. eyesight become darkened. esp. when coming inside from bright sunlight. a'en'ne'xanotse his eyesight is darkened.
a'en'nemh'o
ni. solitary confinement.Literally: dark-house. some regard it as being a Southern Cheyenne term for 'jail'.
-a'en'ne'e vai. stand in the dark. -a'en'ne'e. He's standing in the dark. -a'en'neotse vii. become dark. -a'en'neotse. It got dark. -a'en'ne vai. lie in darkness. -a'en'ne. He's lying in the dark. -a'en'nt vii. dark (of environment). -a'en'nto. It is dark. -a'en'nevtamno'e vii. look dark. -a'en'nevtamno'e. It looks dark. -'en'nevene'ho't vii. dark in room, dim in room. -'en'nevene'h'ta. It's dim in the room. -a'en'nevomno'e
vii. be dark (of environment). See: -hosvoomno'e. m'to'sea'en'nevomano'hanetshe It was almost getting dark. (1987:296). Notes (Phonology) iah tsthse-a'enoeto? Why did you stay there so long? [1987:174] Notes (Phonology) vs
-a'enoo'e vai. stay a long time. See: -anoo'e. -a'enoo'e. He stayed for a long time. Hn'e nhhe -'enov vai. own. Ts-'envhtse the Owner (= the Sacred Hat Keeper). vta: -'en. -a'eotse vai. attack, charge. can be said of a human or an animal. -a'eotse He attacked. See: -'etse. -a'eots'tov
vta. attack s.o. -a'eots'tovho. He attacked him. staosane-a'eots'tovhoono nhe ssvtne. (The man) went after the watersnake. [1987:286] Mhke-'eots'toehevhe v'kseho.
The bird must have attacked him (for example, the dog; a bird usually attacks by diving).
a'sepv. round. a'se-mheo'o round house. a'se-ome round lodge. a'seveno round tent. See: -a'k; onstahk.
-a'se pro. conjunct participle ending for 3rd person plural subject and 1st person object. See: -a'vse.
tsonom-a'se the ones who called me.
-'se pro. conjunct ending for 3rd person subject acting on 1st person object. See: -'stse. ts'oom-'se
when he hit me. hvom-a'esstse whenever he saw me (1987:220).
-'stman vai. give generously; give something really needed. -'stmne. He gave something
really needed; he gave generously. 'stman-nevtssthesttse blessing (lit. "rich"-mercy; Milton Whiteman, a Cheyenne minister, used to say this to function similar to English "God bless you!"). vta: -'eh. See: -'etse.
-a'e vai. contact with the head. Nmx-a'e. I touched (it) with my head. Np-a'e. I bumped (it)
with my head. Np-a'enme. We bumped our heads together. nx-a'e. his head hurts. BodyPartMedial: -a'. See: -a'e'e; -stsa; me'ko.
-a'e mbp. head. Nmx-a'e. I touched (it) with my head. Nnx-a'e. My head hurts. See: -a'; a'e; -hts; me'ko.
'kmse p. soon, quickly ?? May esp. refer to when someone returns to an initial task, after briefly
switching to a second task. Possibly related to the particle 'e, according to a Ch. speaker.
-'etse vai. receive plenty. come to have a lot of good stuff; does not imply that one procures the things
in a greedy fashion. -'etse. He has received plenty. -'etseo'o. They are getting a lot of good things. See: -'stman; -a'eotse; -heesenehe. vta: -'eh.
-'evn' vai. sad face. -'evn'o. He has a sad face.Variant: -'avn'. See: -mstova. -a'vse pro. conjunct ending for 3rd person plural subject and 1st person object. See: -a's. ts'ooma'vse when they hit me. tshvom-a'vse when they saw me.
-a'ha f. throw. pe'pe'-a'hasne. He threw things around. hest-a'hamho. He threw him out. -a'h fii. by wind. voneoest-'ha. It is suddenly destroyed by the wind. fai: -a'xe. See: -'a'h. -a'ha fii. flap; hurried motion. mxe'-'ha the picture (for example, T.V.) is moving. tsmxe'-'ha
television. tsohkemomhtxe'-'ha television. xxaetshetom-a'hnse. The water was just boiling. [JOURNEY.TXT]
-a'hahts fti. fling s.t.; throw s.t.; shake s.t.; jerk s.t. sha'hahtse He shoved it. st-a'hhtse He put it
(for example, cap) on. '-a'hhtse He's hanging it up to dry. ast-a'hhtse He threw it away (from himself). hest-a'hhtse He jerked it. fta: -a'ham; fai: -a'hasen. See: -a'xe.
-a'ham fta. fling s.o., throw s.o., shake s.o., jerk s.o. sh-a'hamho. He shoved him. '-a'hamho.
He's hanging him up to dry. ast-a'hamho. He threw him away (from himself). hesta'hamho. He threw him out. sto'-a'hamho. He threw him into the bushes. fti: -a'hahts; fai: a'hasen. See: -a'xe.
-a'hasen fai. fling; throw; shake; jerk. tshet-a'hasne. He waved/motioned. fti: -a'hahts; fta: -a'ham. -a'has'he fai. ride horse. am-a'haso'he. He is riding by on horseback. hxov-a'haso'he. He rode his
horse across (for example, across the river). Hstove xho'-a'has'heohsesto. On either side of him (two soldiers) rode up to him. [1987:22] staohkeast-a'has'heohsesto. They would quickly ride off. [1987:26]
-a'have'e vai. stand pouting, pout standing. -a'have'e. He's standing pouting. -a'havee vai. lie pouting. -a'have. He's pouting in a fetal position. a'k- i. round. -a'kan vti. make s.t./s.o. round, bunch up s.t./s.o. into a ball. -a'kna. He made it round.
vta. -a'kanho. He made him round. for example, to bunch up a rag (animate).
-a'kanen vai. bunch. -a'kanne. He's putting things in bunches. Synonym: -a'ka''san. -a'kas vai. round belly; fat. -a'kse. He's fat. See: -he'kas; -thpe'as; -he'keome. a'ksmh'o ni. round house.Literally: compact-house. -a'kst vii. be round. ts-a'kstoo'stse those (things) which are round. '(k)av- i. droop. -'kava'ee'e vai. hang head down. -'kava'ee'e. He hung his head down. Notes (Phonology) vs See: kva'ee'e; -ma'ksta'ee'e; -hsstse'ee'e.
'kavhe'o na. Limberhand. See: Khavhe'o.Literally: bent-wrist. Contracted: Khavhe'o. 'kavhe'onhe na. Limberhand. -'kaveohts vai. walk with a limp. -'kavehtse. He is walking with a limp. -'kavsth vai. sad.Literally: down-hearted. -'kavstha. He is sad/'down-hearted'. Medial: -hth.
See: -novetan.
-'kavoe't
vai. hang down; cling limp; droop. -'kavo'to. It (animate)/He is hanging down. Tshhe eenma'o'e-'kavoe'too'o! Just hang around here (delayed imperative)! (humorous literal transl.) (1987:178). 'oesanstottse -'kavoe'tnstse. The clotheslines are hanging down (drooping). See: -hoe't; -anhneoe't.
-a'(k) mbp. head. For examples see under -a'. See: -a'; -ovs. -a'ken vta. put s.o. in a bundle. -a'kenho. He put him in a bundle.Variant: -a'en. -a'kees vai. have a knobbed nose. -a'kese. He has a knobbed nose (something like humped). a'kevo'ha
na. donkey.Literally: humped-horse Obviative: a'kevo'hme. See: v'h'hta mule. ??. Variant: a'evo'ha. Pl: a'kevo'hme.
-a'keh vii. lie curled, curled lie. -a'kha. It's lying curled. -a'khaht vai. clubfoot. -a'khhta. He has a clubfoot. mbt: -haht. See: -ovtonshaht. A'khahthe na. Clubfoot. A'khe'onhe na. Clubhand. BodyPartMedial: -he'on hand. -a'khe'onotse vai. clinch fist.Literally: bunch-hand. -a'khe'onotse. He clenched his fist. a'k'hso na. plume, feather. See: voto; ma'hkee'e; K'hshn'stse. -a'kema'eh vii. lie curled. of something flexible, such as paper. -a'kema'ha. It's lying curled. -a'kema'e''h vta. crumple s.o., bunch s.o. for example, squash up a blanket (animate) into a ball to
use it as a pillow. -a'kema'e'o'ho. He crumpled him up.
-a'kema'e''ts vti. crumple s.t. -a'kema'e''ts. He crumpled it.
-a'kema'en vti. ball up s.t., bunch up s.t., crumple s.t. esp. of paper. -a'kema'na. He crumpled it
(paper) up into a ball. See: -a'kema'eh.
-a'kema'e vai. lie curled up. -a'kema'e. He (for example, a dog) is asleep curled up in a ball. See: a'kee.
-'ksts
vti. tie up s.t. in a bundle. -a'kstse. He tied it in a bundle. M'-'keoestshhe m'knhva. He tied (the gold) up in a buckskin (sack). (1987:18).
-a'keoxa'ohe vii. vai. compact design. -a'keoxa'hnstse. They (inan) have a compact/little design. a'kstsahe na. copperhead (snake).Literally: compact-head-one. a'kstsa'enovtse na. cobra.Literally: compact-head-snake. a'kstsathohko ni. pin hammer.Literally: compact-head-hammer. This kind of hammer has a round
head instead of claws.
-a'kee vai. lie curled up, lie in fetal position. -a'ke. He's curled up asleep. See: -a'kema'e. -a'k vii. globular, round.Variant: -a'2. -'ko. It's round (like a round rock). Ts-'ko phono'ta. The
door is padlocked (that is, the round thing is stuck on). See: -onstahk.
-a'kootse -a'kests
vai. squat. sthse-a'kootshoo'o. Again he squatted down. (Croft 1988:25:34). See: a'koo'e sit curled up; squat; -a'kests bundle up s.t.. vti. bundle up s.t. -a'kstse. He bundled it. M-a'kestshentse hestne'ontse. She bundled up her clothes. (1987:291). See: -hohpo'ests; -a'kootse squat.
-a'ket vta. tie s.o. in a bundle. -a'ketho. He tied them (an.) in a bundle. vti: -a'kests. a'khkha'e ni. cap (with a bill). See: hhkha'e hat.Literally: round-hat. Variant: a'eha'e. a'khtsha'e
ni. cap.Variant: a'eha'e. a male elder said that a'eha'e was "men's speech" while a'khtsha'e was "women's speech", but this would appear close to the converse of the more common understanding that ts- is the old male version of palatalized /k-/.
-a'ko'tonohe vai. have hair braided in a bun.Literally: compact-braid. -a'ko'tonohe her hair is (braided)
in a bun.
A'ko'xhe na. Hobo. can be a horse name, as well as a person's name. a'ko'xve'ho'e na. hobo.Literally: compact-backpack-whiteman. Pl: a'ko'x-v'h'e. a'kn- i. squat. -a'knoo'e vai. squat, crouch, roost. -a'knoo'e. He's squatting. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -amnoo'e; nomonoo'e; Anhea'knoo'e.
-a'koo'e vai. sit curled up; squat. -a'koo'e. He squatted. Notes (Phonology) vsVariant: -a'knoo'e. See: a'kootse squat.
-a'komoeh vii. pond; puddle; pool. -a'komoha. It's a pool of water. ts'-a'komoha where there
is a pool of water. See: -voomoeh.
A'ktseehe na. Cartridge Belt. -a'ktseehe vai. have on a bundle. -a'ktseehe. He has a bundle. esp. of a bundle on one's back. a'ktseehesttse ni. cartridge belt.Pl: a'ktseehstottse. -a'1 fai. jump, tip, fall, leap. See: -ehn; -a'xe. v-'o. He fell down; he fell over. an-'o. He fell off
(for example, off a table or horse). ma'st-'o. He fell forward. hnht-'o. He fell backwards. ne'-ast'o. It jumped, took off (for example, a ball). (1987:168). Mo''ha m'oveshpa'-hhe. The magpie came in first. (1987:246). Mhmo'kon-a'hhe. He dove with wings closed. (1987:246). Nhthxoveka'-'o. I'll jump across. (1987:276). hest-'o. It (an.) flew out (for example, of his mouth). (1987:277). "Nhtanems-s''o," mstahetanhhe. "I'll just jump in," he thought. (1987:283).
-a'2 vii. round; globular. -'o. It is round (ball-shaped).Variant: -a'k. See: A'ee'se; -onstahk. -a'eas vai. have hair tied in a topknot. braids are worn at the same time; Crow men sometimes have
this hairstyle. -a'se. His hair is cut short and curled in a hump in front.
-a'easehe vai. have hair tied in a topknot. -a'easehe. His hair is all brought back and tied in front.
done in a ceremony; something like the style of Woody Woodpecker.
A'so na. Topknot. a'eha'e ni. derby hat.Variant: a'khkha'e. -a'o'ts

vai. celebrate victory, victory dance. -a'o'tseo'o. They are having a victory dance. ts'a'o'tsnove a victory celebration. -a'o'tsstove. There is a Victory Dance.
a'o'tsmstaa'e na. ground owl. See: mstaa'e. A'o'tsvhom'hesttse ni. Victory Dance. -a'on mbp. shin. See: -'a'one ?; -ve'hkono. 'e-a'onxe He fell and broke his shinbone (tibia). nea'onhtse He has pain in the shin. Nkoe-a'onxe I bumped my shin. hohpe-a'onxe He's lying close to warmth (fire etc.) to thaw out the marrow in his bones. Ne'e-a'onso? I cut his shin.
-a'nt fii. ordinal number suffix. nx-a'nto It is the second one. tsnx-a'nto the second one.
tsna'h-a'nto the third time; the third one. tsnv-a'nto the fourth one. tsnhon-a'nto the fifth one. tsnaeshthn-a'nto the sixth one. tsnshthn-a'nto the seventh one. tsna'nhthn-a'nto the eighth one. tssohthn-a'nto the ninth one.
-a'ov fta. by foot (or body). See: -a'ov. Nmx-a'vo. I touched him with my foot. fti: -a'. -a'ov'seh
vta. influenced by s.o., catch sickness of s.o., cause s.o. to crave. See: -to'stseh; vonhha'ov. -a'ov'shho. He influenced him. N-a'ov'seha. I got his sickness / He's making me crave (it, for example, drymeat). N-a'ov'ee. You "contagioned" me, that is, I caught it from you. Hetane mhmae'-a'ov'shaehevhe vo'stanho. A man liked what the
people were doing. (a more complete translation would be something like 'a man was influenced to do the same as the people'). [1987:275]
a's- i. accidentally. See: a't-. -a'sehho He accidentally hurt him. Etymology: *pe'ci. -a'seh vta. accidentally hurt s.o. -a'sehahtse. He hurt himself accidentally. See: -a'to'eh. -a'seh vta. accidentally wrong s.o.; accidentally hurt s.o. -a'sehho. He accidentally wronged him.
Naka'knhamo 'se-a'sehahtseo'o. My children have accidentally harmed one another. [1987:205] See: -a'seh.
-a'seh vta. hurt s.o. in a taboo way; do something taboo to s.o.; do something prohibited to s.o. This can
refer to something done to a medicine man which is culturally taboo; for example, walk in front of him, or give him stored water when he should have been given fresh water just gotten from a spring (the first drink a medicine man has in the morning should be fresh for him to have a proper day). -a'shho. He wronged him by doing something taboo to him. N-a'sho. I did something to him that I was not supposed to do. N-a'seha. He hurt me by doing something to me he should not have done. -a'sehe. He experienced something that shouldn't have been done to him. Naa na'sh'e ksovaheho tsmanese. And they did to me what they were NOT supposed to, the young men who were drinking. See: -a'ta'ov accidentally bump s.o.; a'seh accidentally hurt s.o.; hpahpa Even!.
-a'se'han
vai. eat wrongly. for example, ate something forbidden to eat. -a'se'hna. He ate by mistake/ate wrongly. fai: -an.
a't- i. accidentally. See: a's-. Etymology: *pe't-. -a'tahe vai. dependable. -a'tahe. He's dependable. -a'ta'ov vta. bump s.o. by accident. -a'ta'ovho. He bumped him accidentally. N-a'ta'vo. I bumped
into him by accident. See: -a'seh.
-a'tan vta. accidentally shoot s.o. -a'tanho. He accidentally shot him. -a'tanahtse. He accidentally
shot himself. See: -am.
-a'tas vta. accidentally cut s.o. -a'tsho. He accidentally cut him. N-a'txestse. I accidentally cut
myself. Final: -as. Etymology: *pe'tewe:wa.
-a'tavo'stanheve vai. live in a fearsome manner. -a'tavo'stanheve. He lives in a fearsome way

(that is, people are scared of them). See: -a'tahe.
-a'tax vti. accidentally cut s.t., cut s.t. accidentally. N-a'txa. I accidentally cut it.
-a'toh(n) vta. accidentally hit s.o. N-a'thno. I hit him by accident. -a'thesstse. He hit himself by
accident. N-a'toestse. You hit me by accident. See: -oom; -a'tas.
-a'thta vti. bite s.t. by mistake. -a'thta. He bit it by mistake. -a'to'eh vta. accidentally hurt s.o. -a'to'ehahtse. He hurt himself accidentally. See: -a'seh. -a'to'etahe
vai. accidentally so something. -a'to'etahe. He did something accidentally. See: 'hto'etahe.
a'to'omenhesttse ni. accident. See: 'hto'omenhesttse. -a't'seneotse vai. eye particle, have something in the eye. for example, dust particle. -a't'seneotse.
He's gotten something in his eye(s).
a't'seneotsesttse ni. object in the eye. for example, a dust particle. -a'tom vta. bite mouth of s.o. accidentally. N-a'tomahtse. I accidentally bit my mouth. for example, to
accidentally bite one's lip or inside of the mouth.
-a'xaame vai. cry. -a'xaame. He is crying. Nv'e-a'xaame! Don't cry! tsohke-a'xaamese Pentecostals
(lit. those who cry). Hnov'e tshse-a'xaameto? Why are you crying?Variant: Hnov'to tshsta'xaneto?. See: -a'xan; omm-.
-a'xaam'e vai. stand crying. -a'xaam'e. He's standing crying. -a'xaamotse vai. cry. -a'xaamotse. He cried. See: -a'xaam. Nvhe tssto'se-a'xaamotsstse? Who
is going to cry? (for example, at an Indian wedding).
-a'xaamev vta. cry to s.o. -a'xaamevho He cried to him. [1987:155] -a'xan fai. cry. n-a'xne. He quit crying. h-a'xne. He cried hard. hst-a'xne. He cried because
of (it). Hnova'e tshst-a'xaneto? Why are you crying? ho'h-a'xne. He was overheard crying. mh-a'xaneo'o. They all cried. hs-a'xne. He couldn't cry. See: omme-; -a'xaame; mm.
-a'xahohts vai. greet everybody; wag tail; show friendliness to everybody. can be used of a person
who acts friendly to everyone, esp. of someone who shakes hands overly much. -a'xahhtse. He's wagging his tail.
-a'xahtahe vai. polite. hemeoseehehpe-a'xahtheo'o. They (esp. whites) are overly polite. -a'xat vta. shake hands with s.o. a primary cultural sign of reconciliation. A'xatahtse! Shake hands
(pl)! -a'xaoto. He shook hands with him.Variant: -a'xatho (var. of younger speakers). Nvaa'xato. I shook his hand again (that is, I am reconciled with him). A'xaxeha! Shake hands with him! See: -nanov; -vonetan't.
A'xaxeha! vta. Shake hands with him! vta: -a'xat. -a'xe fai. by wind. ano'eoest-a'xe He was knocked down by wind. 'eoest-a'xe stse'he the shirt is
drying (rapidly flapping?) in the wind. fti: -a'h.
-a'xe fai. hurried motion. May sometimes include meaning something like 'jerk', 'flap'. This is one of
several motion finals; see discussion under -ehn. ka'-a'xe. He jumped. ast-a'xe. He started to run. N'vhv-a'xstse! Hurry back! amshp-a'xe. He ran by. st-a'xstse! Come in! (faster action than stshnstse). Non'hn'e hne'hkhsem'-a'xsesto hsstse. More and more kept coming, some (soldiers). (1987:51). See: -ehn.
-am1 vta. shoot s.o. -amho. He shot him. 'hketo'se-amaesesto. (He, the skunk; obv.) was gonna
spray/shoot at him. [1987:282] Usage: vulgar in sense of shoot sperm into s.o.. vti: -amest. See: ame; -t'omemas; -ho'am; -emas. Etymology: *pemwe:wa.
-am
fta. removed obviative. See: -h. Nvom-amho hee'haho. I saw his son. -am registers the
obviative's 'son'.
am- i. along; by (position). See: ne-. -amhne He walked along. -amho'he He drove (lit. went
along by heat). Etymology: *pem-.
-am pro. possession suffix (theme) for animate nouns. nama'hen-ame my god. hema'hen-amo his god.
nem'evot-amane our (incl.) baby. Etymology: *-em.
-amahe vti. receive (s.t.). -amahe. He received (it). N-amahe. I received it. N-amhentse. I received
them (inan.). Tse-amhnvo. They will receive it. naa h'the ntano'hse-amhnne mh'o and we have also received this house (1987:199). See: -amahta.
-amh'tov vta. receive s.o. See: -amhahtomev. -amhnoto. He received him. -amho'he vai. 1 drive, go by vehicle.Literally: (go.)along-by.heat. -amho'he. He went by car (truck,
etc.). 2 walk while it is hot.
amho'hamke ni. gasoline.Literally: car-lard. See: amke. -amho'h-evo'soo'e vai. play with cars. See: -vo'soo'e. -amho'hevo'soo'e He's playing with (toy)
cars.
amho'hhe na. car; automobile.Pl: amho'hheo'o. Usage: od. This animate word is said to be older
than inanimate amho'hesttse. It is sometimes said that this pronounciation of a word for 'car' is Southern Cheyenne, however some Northern Cheyennes have used this pronunciation also. See: amho'hesttse; ameohesttse.
amho'hmh'o ni. garage.Literally: car-house. amho'h-mhtse'ko ni. tire.Literally: car-leg. See: assoneeh-mhtse'ko; assoneehhe. amho'hmxe'stoo'o ni. car title. Usage: neologism. amho'hesttse
ni. car; automobile.Literally: (go).along-by.heat/burning-thing. Pl: amho'hstottse. animate for some people, giving pl. of amho'hstoto. Usage: more commonly used today, at least in Montana, than amho'hhe or ameohesttse. na-amho'hstnne our (excl.) car (1987:156). Oblique: amho'hstva; Diminutive: amho'kso. See: amho'hhe; ameohesttse.
amho'h-ta'ta'heo'o ni. car key. amho'htshetaneo'o ni. car tool. See: tshetaneo'o.Pl: amho'htshetaneontse. amho'hve'ho'e na. mechanic.Literally: car-ve'ho'e. amho'kso ni. little car. See: amho'hesttse. -amaht vai. consent, agree, say yes. -amhta. He consented. naa thhe mhne'-amhthevhe and
they agreed from over there (1987:186). Mho'nne'-amhthtse. I guess he said no. vta: amhtov. See: -on'semhaht; -aht.
-amht't vti. agree with s.t., believe s.t. -amht'ta He agreed with it. [Croft: believe] See: -hoto'tsest. -amht'tov vta. give permission to s.o.; agree with s.o. to do something. -amht'tovho. He gave
permission to him; he agrees for him to do something. See: -amhtov.
-amhtohe
vai. go along making noise. for example, move along hollering, thundering, mooing, barking. Can be said of thunder, an animal, or a person. -amhtohe. He (for example, cow, thunder) goes along hollering. ne'-amhtohe. He is approaching as he is making his sound. Final: -ahtohe. See: -nstoohe.
Amhtoh'e na. Howls Along Woman. Contracted: Toh'e. -amhtov vta. allow s.o.; agree with s.o.; comply with s.o.; permit s.o.; consent to with s.o. for example,
can be used about allowing a child to drive the family car. -amhtovho. He agreed with him; said "yes" to him. -amhtvhtsstove There is agreeing with one another (in the ideal family). "Nstav'eamhtvo vo'stane," mxhetaehevhe nhe tsnshtxetsse ksovaheho. "Don't comply with anyone," they were told by those seven young men. [1987:307] vai: -amaht. See: amht'tov; -ahtov; -ntse'ov; -hoto'em. Etymology: *pemehtawe:wa he heeds him.
-ama'n
vti. 1 vti. drive s.t. for example, to drive a car. -ama'na. He drove it. ts-ama'no heveamho'hesttse schoolbus driver. vta. drive s.o. N-ama'no. I drove him. 2 vta. chair s.o. Usage: fig.. that is, be in charge of people as one chairs a meeting. -ama'eno.
He bossed him/them; he chaired them.
-ama'no'ham
vai. drive livestock, drive a team, drive. This word originally referred to driving animals, but it has been extended to driving a car. -ama'no'hme. He drove. N'ama'no'hmstse! Drive!Variant: -ama'ovo'ham. vti: -ama'n. See: -amho'he.
ama'no'hammxe'stoo'o ni. driver's license.Variant: ama'no'hamvxe'stoo'o. ama'no'hamesttse ni. steering wheel. ama'no'hamvxe'stoo'o -ama'ham
ni. Variant: ama'no'hammxe'stoo'o.
drivers
license.Literally: driving-paper.
vta. deal s.o. esp. to deal playing cards, animate. -ama'hamho. He dealt them. Ama'hamenno! Deal them (the cards)!Variant: Ama'hamenaho!. N-ama'hamoo'o. I'm dealing them. See: -asto'en.Literally: throw-along-s.o..
-ama'haso'he vai. ride horse along. -ama'haso'he. He is riding by on horseback. -ama'has'heo'o.

They are riding on horseback. Final: -a'haso'he.
-ama' vai. dive (of a bird). -am'o He dove. [1987:248] -ama'ov

vta. drive along; herd s.o. -ama'ovho. He drove him along (for example, a bull). Mo'hno'hme tseta-ama'heo'o. The horses will be herded. [1987:29] Etymology: *nepemekawa:wa. See: -ta'e'ov; -nma'e'ov.
-ama'ovo'ham vai. drive livestock. -ama'ovo'hme. He drove horses.Variant: -ama'no'ham. -ama'xan vai. continually cry. -ama'xne. He's continually crying. fai: -a'xan. -ama'xanhn vai. walk and cry. 'hkeevse-ama'xanhnsesto nhe hetanka'kneho. These boys
would also walk and cry. (1987:295).
-ama'xanoesta'xe vai. run and cry. See: -a'xaame. Medial: -oest; Final: -a'xe. -ama'xanoesta'xe He
ran and cried.
-ama'xanohts vai. cry while walking. -ama'xanhtse He cried while walking along. [1987:266] aman'o ni. culture. tshseaman'o Cheyenne culture. he-aman'o his way of doing things. -ame'e vai. pass by drunk, continue to drink. -ame'e. He's going by drunk. fai: -ase'e. -amaxe vai. flee, run away. -amaxe. He fled; took off. Naa nhe'e '-amxsesto. And then they ran
away. [1980:54:44] ohksa'-amxhheo'o ts'the hom'e. These beavers don't flee. [1987:275] See: -amxveehe; -amxehe; -homstov.
-amxehe
vai. move fleeing.Literally: flee-move. -amxehe. He's fleeing like a refugee. amxeheo'o. They are moving to flee. See: -aseohovohe; -hmstaohe.
-amxem vta. run away; flee from s.o. -amxmho. He fled from him. -amxest vti. run away from; flee s.t. N-amxsta I ran away from it. -amxveehe vai. break camp in a hurry, move in a rush. -amxveeheo'o They broke camp in a hurry. ame ni. pemmican. See: amke. Etymology: *pemi 'grease'. Simplified Spelling: um. -ame vai. shoot. -ame. He shot. vta: -am. See: -ho'am; -vheame. ame- pv. i. along; by; continue. 'along' as in 'while going along'; 'by' as in 'while going by'. See: ne-. amshpa'xe. He ran by. -amevonehne. He is crawling. -amet'hna. He is swimming. amethoo'e. He's riding along (for example, on horseback). taome-ametno. He has his own thing going; nobody can tell him anything different. -amhesematnhtse. He (esp. a dog) is going around sniffing here and there. -amho'hhtse. He keeps feeding the fire. amhxovstva. He traveled along. ame-'xvva as time goes along. See: ameto.
-ame
sfx. possessive suffix. namtk-ame my knife. naka'knh-ame my (non-biological) child. hevhon-amo his chief(s).
-ameeh vta. help s.o. move. -ameehho. He helped him move. -ameehe
vai. move one's belongings to another residence. -ameehe. He is moving. See: -aseehe; hesehe. ts-ameehese the travelers. [1987:18] ne'-ameehstove. There is moving of camp
(towards speaker); it is the "second coming" (an elder says this term is used to speak of a second coming which Cheyennes have believed in??). Final: -eehe.
-amee'e vai. grow up. -amee'e. He's growing up. Synonym: -ameee'e. Notes (Phonology) vs -ameee'e vai. grow. -ameee'e. He is growing. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -ee'e.
-amet vii. snow go by, snow continually. -amto. The snow is going by / it keeps on snowing. -ametootse vii. snow go by. -ametootse. The snow storm went by. fii: -t. See: -ho'et. -ameh vii. be written down.Literally: lie placed. See: -mxe'oh(n). -amha. It is written (down). Final: eh.
-amhahtomev vta. owe s.o. See: -amhahts; -amhtov. N-amhahtomvo. I owe him (for example,
money).
-amhahtov vta. owe. -amhahtovho. He owes him. vai: -amhasen. -amhahts vti. write down s.t., place s.t. down to lie. N-amhhtse. I wrote it down. N-amhahtvo
hevhesttse. I wrote down his name. Amhahtsstse! Write it down! vai: -amhasen; vii: = ameha. See: -mxe'oh; -mxanen't.
-amhasen vai. be in debt; owe; have credit. lit. refers to (the bill) being written down. See: -amahe; htsevoxe. -amhasne. He owes. N-amhasne. I owe. vii: -ameha; vti: -amhahts; vta: amhahtov.
amhasenesttse ni. bill. a request for payment.Pl: amhasenstottse. -amehn

vai. 1 walk by; walk along. a slower action than -ameohts. -amhne. He's walking by/along. Ho'va namhne. I'm walking on foot. Etymology: *pemoh0e:wa. 2 live. Usage: fig.. Naa hahoo nhetone ma'heo'o tshv'nhee-amhneto. "And thank you," we tell God because you live like that. Final: -ehn. See: -ameohts.
amhnh- i. go along. Nohkxaeto'se-amhnhpe'pe'eotse Sometimes I'm just going to pieces as I'm

going along (=I'm having a very difficult time).
-amhohe vta. be walked (for example, behind). he'pa'onevo ohke-amhheo'o you walk behind them
(in back of medicine people).
-amhohts vai. tracks go along. -amhhtse. His tracks go along. mne-amhhtse. His tracks are
fresh. ss'hovene-amhohtshoono nev'sesto. Suddenly there were two sets of tracks of somebodies. [1987:345] Hvhno t'e-amhhtse. His tracks are barely visible. fai: -hohts.
-amhohtsesttse ni. tracks (poss.). ne-amhohtsstonantse our (incl.) tracks. -amht vta. walk by s.o. See: -ho'ht. -amhoto. He walked by him. -amekok'a'xe vai. play hopscotch. -amekok'a'xeo'o. They are playing hopscotch. -ame'h vai. fly along. -am'ha. He's flying along. Etymology: *pemi'le:wa. ame'hahttse ni. airplane.Literally: flying-thing. Pl: ame'hhtottse. Oblique: ame'hhtva. m'h'e na. Flying Woman. -ame'hanaa'e
vai. sit eating. nsta-ame'hanaa'e ma'taamo'hotseto You'll be eating while driving. Final: -e'han.
me'hhtse na. Flying. Ame'hooestse vai. Flying.Variant: htame'hooestse. -ame'hoohe vai. fly by. -ame'hoohe. He flew by. See: -ame'h. -ame'htan vai. want to fly. sa-ame'htanhe. He doesn't want to fly. -ame'ht vii. fly. -ame'hto It flew. ame'hve'ho'e na. pilot.Literally: flying-ve'ho'e. -ame'khhn vai. limp along. -ame'khhne. He limped along. -ame'kh' vai. hop along. -ame'kh'e. He hopped along. -ame'sev vii. flow along (of liquid). -ame'svo. It is flowing. Etymology: cf. M peme:cewan. -ame'xove vii. time go along. naa nhe'e ta-ame'xove And then time went on ... (Stamper 1991:4). ame'xvetse His time is coming. ma'taame'xove as time goes along in the future.
-ame'xveohts vii. time go fast. -ame'xvhtse Time is going by fast. ame'xvva p. as time goes along. See: ameto; nhe'xvva; tshe'xvva; taame'xvva.
-amemohe vai. 1 run. -amemohe. He's running. Nth-amemohmne Let's go running! ne'amemohe. He's running this way. 2 run for office. loan transl. from English. fai: -mohe. See: -asta'xe.
-amen' vai. sew along. for example, along a seam. -amen'e. She's sewing along a seam. -ameno'hn vai. go along held up. -ameno'hne. He's being held up as he walks along. -amnome vai. sleep while riding along, sleeps through noise. -amnome. He's sleeping the whole
time during the trip.
-amenonee'e vai. sing sitting while going along. -amenonee'e. He is singing as he goes along sitting.
for example, singing while riding a horse.
-amenonhne vai. sing while walking along. -amenonhne. He's singing as he's walking. fai: -non. -ament vta. sew him along seam. -amenoto. She's sewing him (such as cloth, an.) along the seam. amenohe. It (an.) is sewn along the seam.
-ameohe vai. go by quickly. See: -amehn; -ameohts. -ameohe. He came by quickly. -ameoh'tsan -ameoh'tov
vai. take people quickly in vehicle. tsohke-ameoh'tsanto ambulance (lit. that which rushes people along). See: -v'ho'ks'h. vta. transport s.o., move along s.o. -ameoh'tovho. He transported him. N'eveameoh'tovstse! Take me around (for example, in your car)!
ameohesttse ni. car; automobile. See: amho'hesttse; amho'hhe.Pl: ameohstottse. -ameoht vii. run. -ameohto. It is running (for example, of water in a creek going fast). Usage: may
be recent loan translation from English.
mhn'e na. Walksalong Woman. -ameohov vai. flee. -ameohva. He fled. fai: -ohov. See: -amaxe; -aseohovohe; -hmstov; -amxem. -ameohts
vai. walk along, walk by, go by. See: -amehn; -ameohe. -amehtse. He's going by. ameohtseo'o. They went along. e-amehtse. He's walking by already / he's walking already
(can be said of a toddler who has learned to walk).
-ameohtsh vta. lead s.o. ts-ameohtshaesee'e those who are leading you (plural). See: -ameotseh. meohtsh'e na. Going Woman, Walking Woman, Traveling Woman. mhts'e na. Walking Woman. m'o na. Sacred Road Woman, Milky Way, Going Woman, Pemmican Woman. The translation is
uncertain. Some speakers say this word refers to a constellation in the stars, especially the celestial road to sno, the Place of the Dead, which may be the Milky Way. This is also a proper name for a woman. As such, various translations have been offered, such as Milky Way Woman, Going Woman, and Pemmican Woman. See: ame; meo'o.
Ameo'sn'e na. (woman's name). -ameotse vii. go along; be located (for example, of a trail). -ameotse. It goes along (for example, a
road)/it is located. Tsa'e -ameotse meo'o? Where is the road? H'the tataes'eto hevoo'o vhpoome -ameotse. "Right straight from here," she said, "the White River goes along.".
[1987:43]
-ameotseh vta. carry along, lead along s.o. See: -ameohtsh; -ameono'a''ov; -ne'evotseh; -ne'vaotseh; amonean. -ameotshho. He led him along. Nhphve-ameotemeno! Lead us well!
-ameotsstman
vai. carry along. tssthne'enovo tsohkhee-ameotsstmnse ma'heo'o after I found out that God is going to carry (us) along (1987:164).
-ameotsests vti. carry along s.t. -ameotsstse. He's carrying it along. Nevhesttse n-ameotsstsenone.
We carry your name. Nsavhonevetanhe; nv'ne-ameotsstse hov'he. I don't want to be a chief; I only (want to) carry whatever (needs to be carried). -ameotsstsentse. He is carrying them (inan.) along. vta: -ameotseh.
-amshaa'svetovt vii. be rectangular shaped. -amshaa'svetovt It is rectangular-shaped.

ts-amsha'svetovto rectangle.
-amshn vai. walk sideways. -amshne. He's walking sideways. amsema'no na. box turtle.Literally: oblong-turtle ??. -amsemenoovetovt vii. be oval shaped. ts-amsemenoovetovto oval. -amsn
vai. have a horizontal face. this is a squashed down appearance. -amsne. He has a horizontal face. amshtse He urinated while walking.
-amsohts vai. urinate while walking along. See: -ashosohts 'he started to walk backwards'. ames(t)- i. crosswise. -amesta vii. have a layer of grease. -amesta. It (for example, soup) has a layer of grease. -amest vti. shoot s.t. -amsta. He shot it. vta: -am1. amsthonoo'o ni. long loaf of bread.Pl: amsthonontse. See: honoo'o. -amstanove vii. life go on. See: -vonstnov. -amstanove Life goes on. ts-amstanovstse the one
who is living on (1987:211). Final: -stanove.
amstoseo'o
ni. doubletree; yoke.Literally: crosswise-hang(-thing). 'doubletree' may be better translation ?? See: hesemohestottse; amsto'eeseo'o; vtanove.
-amstosts vti. tie s.t. sideways. -amstostse. He tied it sideways. [1987:224] amsthei. as the time goes along. ma'ta-amstheno'e in the coming "days" (lit. overnights). See: tnsthe-.
-amstheno'e vii. go along in overnights. -amstheno'e It is a week. ma'ta-amstheno'e in the

coming "days" (lit. overnights).
ma'thse-amstheno'e
next
week.
Final: -no'e.
See: ma'hene-eva; tnsthe-.
-amst'ee'e vai. sit crosswise. -amst'ee'e. He's sitting crosswise. -amst'eesan vai. pull travois. Oekseho ohkemhae-amst'eesansesto. Dogs used to pull travois
(attrib.). [1979:204]
Amst'eeseo'o
2
ni. 1 travois.Literally: tie-crosswise. Diminutive: amsto'keeseo'o.Pl: amsto'eeseontse. Oblique: amsto'eesene. na. Travois.
-amst'en vti. crosswise obstruct with s.t. for example, place a plank across a door to keep it from
being opened. -amst'na. He blocked it with something crosswise. vta. crosswise obstruct with s.o. ta'ome-amst'enho mo'hno'hme. He put a horse crosswise to obstruct (for example, he gave away a horse at the powwow to block the entrance so people would dance all night).
-amst'enen
vai. crosswise obstruct. for example, to block access with a police barricade. amst'enne. He blocked with something crosswise. See: -nma''stnan.
-amst'eotse vai. wedged; crosswise. -amst'eotse. He's wedged (into a small space). -amst'o't vii. sit crosswise; crosswise sit. usually obstructing. -amst''ta. It's sitting crosswise. -amsto't vii. crosswise. -amst'ta. It is sitting crosswise. See: -ho't; -amst'o't. -amstshahts vti. drag along s.t., tow s.t. -amstshhtse. He's dragging it. vta: -amstsem. -amstsem vta. drag along s.o. -amstsemho. He's dragging him. 'se '-amstsemhtshoo'o.
Half of himself he was dragging. [1987:286] vti: -amstshahts.
-amee vai. written (about). -ame. He is written about. vta: -amem. -amem
vta. design s.o., picture s.o. Hnhhe staohkeeno'eoxho'heo'o nhe he'httne staohkeve-amemeo'o. That's where they (salamanders) were beaded, the salamanders would be pictured (designed) (on the soles of moccasins). (1987:214). vai: -amee.
-amee vai. lie crosswise, like sideways. -ame. He slept/lay crosswise. -amven vta. fight s.o. as go along. N-amvno. I fought him as I went along. See: -amt.
amke ni. grease; oil; lard. heveamke butter (lit. yellow-lard). amho'hamke gasoline (lit. carlard). Simplified Spelling: amshk. See: ame.
amke ts'hkenohe vii. gas station; filling station. See: ts'hke-nhenstove where there is filling
up.
amke tsmo'htvoome vii. oil.Literally: oil that.which.is-black-liquid. Variant: mo'htve-amke. amkho'sta ni. gas stove. Amk'hhe na. Grease Woman. amkma'kaatnstse ni. oil money. for example, money from oil wells. -amkmea'xe vai. smell of gas, gas smell. -amkmea'xe. He smells of gas. Final: -ma'xe. amkve'ho'e na. oil man. amkvetoo'o ni. lard pail. amkvo'ho'ksnhnesttse ni. kerosene lamp; lantern. -amkvon'oneve vii. be paved (esp. of a road). -amkvon'oneve It is a paved road. -amk'en vai. go around being foolish things. -amk'ne. He's going around doing crazy things. -amt vta. go along fighting s.o.; war against s.o. -amthtseo'o. They are always fighting; they are
fighting each other as they go along. -amethtsstove. The fighting is going along. See: -aset; net; -amvaen; -hseh.
Ametan'e na. Living Woman. -ametan'sen vai. give life; enliven. -ametan'sne He gives life. See: -vo'stanvstman. -ametan'seh vta. cause s.o. to live. See: -vo'stanveh. Nme'ha'e-ametan'see Let me live longer! -ametann vai. alive. This word refers to biological life while -vo'stanheve refers more to social life. ametanne. He is alive. vta: -ametan'tov. See: -vo'stanheve.
ametannesttse ni. life. -ametan vai. patiently waiting. E-ametno. He's patiently waiting. See: -taomeametan; -ehnovahe. -ametan'tov vta. revive s.o., cause s.o. to live. nstaonseva-ametan'tovneo'o Let's try and bring
them back to life. [JOURNEY.TXT] vai: -ametann.
-ametannaa'e vai. sit patiently. Totne'e ametannaa'stse m'hks'ho'enhhe na'stse. Every once
in awhile when he would think about it he would put one (stick) in the ground (1987:246). See: -ametan.
-ametxe'ov
vta. chase along s.o. See: -amevo'e'ov. -ametxe'ovho. He chased him along. Aaa na'stse 'hke-ametxe'ovho nhe v'ho'otoa'o. And one (person) would chase that cow (to
make it go). [BOBTAIL.TXT]
ameto p. from now on; as time goes on. See: ame'xvva. -amet'hon vai. swim, swim by. -amet'hna. He's swimming by. fai: -t'hon. See: -too'hame; amhoo'e.
-ameven vta. pass s.o. quickly. -amevenho. He passed him quickly. H'tva nohke-amevenone
mne. Sometimes we pass him on the road. Final: -even.
-amvho'hov
vai. run engine. -amvho'hva. He's running the engine. for example, said of a person sitting in a car with its engine running. vii: -amvho't.
-amvho't vii. run (of engine). -amvh'ta. It (engine) is running. vai: -amvho'hov; fii: -vho't. -amva'ham vta. throw s.o. fast. esp. of a fastball. -amva'hamho. He threw him fast. (for example,
the baseball pitcher threw the ball (animate) fast).
-amva' vai. whizz by; go along speedily. -amv'o. He whizzed by. N-amva'oma. We're moving
full speed ahead (slang). See: -amo'hotse.
-amvanen vai. make noise while passing by, fart while passing by. often implies a noise of farting,
but can refer to noise such as of a mouse scurrying by. -amvnne. He making noise while passing by.
-amvnhtse vai. footsteps sound. -amvnhtse. His footsteps are heard. -amvanhtseo'o. Their
footsteps are heard as they go along. ne'-amvnhtse. His footsteps are heard as he is coming. nxho'he-amvnhtse. His footsteps are heard as he is coming. he'ke-amvnhtse. He has soft/quiet footsteps. See: -ho'hvnhts.
-amvohts vai. make sounds walking by. -amvhtse. He's making sounds walking by. mvhts'e na. Noisy Walking Woman. -amv'e vii. for example, of a train or a person.go by making noise.
-amv'e. It/He is going by making noise. See: -amvone.
-amevo'e'ov vta. chase s.o. along. -amevo'e'ovho. He chased him (for example, a cow) along. See: ametxe'ov.
-amevo'oh(n) vta. hit s.o. so go flying by. -amevo'hnho. He hit him (for example, a ball) so that it
flew by.
-amvone vii. Final: -vone.sound go by. -amvone. The sound went by. -amevonehn vai. crawl. for example, of a baby or snake. -amevonhne He crawled. Amevonhnstse vai. Crawler. -amha'en
vai. row; canoe; boat; sail. -amh'ne. He rowed. tsohkev'e-ameha'envosstse boats (lit. things by which they row). -ameha'eneo'o. They sailed. fai: -ha'en. See: -ame'; -amohests.
ameha'ensmo ni. canoe. See: smo; xamaesmo. Usage: rare.Literally: rowing-boat. ameha''o ni. oar.Pl: ameha'eontse. amehestsesttse ni. boat. Usage: od. See: semo. -am' vai. vii. float along, float by. can be of something floating along in a boat. -am'o. He/She/It
is floating. Final: -'. See: -tho'kov'o.
-ame'e vai. stand (there). One difference between this verb and -n'e is that this verb indicates
standing for a period of time. -n'e has no implication of time, either a short amount of time or a longer period of time. -ame'e. He was (just) standing (there). He'ho ts'enose ansema '-ameesesesto. Mhnhnhtsevomaehevhe. His wife was standing outside. She was looking for him. [1987:171] fai: -. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -n'e; -amnoo'e.
-amose vai. float by, hang along. -amose. He's floating by (in the air). ne'e-amose. It is the
earlier part of forenoon (between sunrise and approximately 9 a.m.). Ns'ee-amosenahe? Are you still floating around? (idiomatic for "Are you still thinking?").
-amostn vai. continue reading, continue school. -amostne. He's continuing to read. -ame vai. lie on stomach. -ame. He's lying on his stomach. See: -ma'ksee. -ameem
vta. lay s.o. on stomach. See: -vvaeesem; -no'hn'tov; -no'e'tovohe; -no'e'tov. ameemho. He lay him on his stomach. ohom'he.
-amhomo'he vai. dance along. he'ke-amhomo'he. She danced gracefully (along). [1987:48] Final: -amhn vai. guess with handgame motions. This refers to guessing where the handgame bone is through
the motions and pointing done in the handgame. Handgame terms ending in -ov, for example, -nshov, refer to guessing where the bone is with non-motion tries (probably intuitive or mystical guesses). amhne. He's guessing.Literally: along-sign. Nvhe tsto'se-amhnstse? Who's going to be the guesser? ts-amhnstse the guesser. ts-amhnese the guessers. Final: -ohn. See: veamhn; -onsthn; -ohov; -ovnehe; -vhn.
amhneo'o na. guessers. amhneono (alternate plural). -amhoo'e

wade along (of people, turtles, etc.), swim along (of fish, ducks, beavers, snakes). amhoo'e. He waded/swam along. Compare -amhoo'e 'he's been sitting there' (same pronunciation as this verb). fai: -ohoo'e. See: -amet'hon; -t'hon; -too'hame. Notes (Phonology) vs Final: -ohoo'e.
-amhom vta. see s.o. in a reflection. historically reflected in water, but extended to mirrors. Namhomahtse. I saw myself reflected.
-amhomhtsesttse na. reflection (poss.). he-amhomhtsstoto his reflection. amhomhtsesttse ni. mirror. amhomhts-ve'ho'seo'o ni. dresser; chest of drawers.Literally: (with) mirror-container. -amhtv vai. sell along, sell around. -amhtva. He's going around selling. fai: -ohtv. -amo'hotse vai. run by; drive by. -amo'hotse. He ran by (or, he drove by in a car). See: -ama'n; amho'he; -ama'no'ham; -amemohe; -asta'xe.
-am'a'h vii. blown along. -am''ha. It got blown along. fii: -'a'h. amo'a'hasenesttse ni. kite. -am'a' vii. blow by; fly by. -am''o. It's blown along by the wind. -am'a'ov vta. give s.o. ride on bicycle. -am'a'vahtse. He bicycled (that is, gave himself a bicycle
ride). Nth-am'a'vhtsmne! Let's go bicycling!
am'a'vhtsesttse ni. bicycle.Pl: am'a'vhtsstottse. -am'a'xe vai. blow by. -am'a'xe. He's flying by from the wind. -amo'as vii. fire go along. ne'-amo'se. The fire is coming towards here. -amo'eh vta. abuse s.o. -amo'ehahtseo'o. They are abusing each other. -amo'etahe
vai. 1 perform; put on doings. -amo'etahe. He's putting on a "doings.". amo'ethstove. There is a celebration/there is a big doings/activity. ts-amo'etaestse He who is putting on a "doings". ts-amo'ethese the performers of the ceremony (1987:94). Final: o'etahe. 2 have sex. Usage: euphemism, similar to English "He's doing it.". vai. go by wagon. See: -am'eohts. -am'hne. He went by wagon. Medial: -'(e); IndepNoun: am'eneo'o.
-am'ehn
-amo'eman vai. order; be the boss. See: -ho'eman. -amo'emne He gave orders. -am'en vti. transport s.t. by wagon; roll s.t. along by wagon. -am'na. He hauled it by wagon.
vta. transport s.o. by wagon, transport s.o. by wheelchair. -am'enho. He moved him by wagon. -am'enahtse. He's moving himself along by wheelchair. -am'ennstse. (The wagons) were rolled along. Medial: -'(e). See: -het'en.
am'en'o -am'eohe
ni. wagon. he-am'eneonevtse their wagons. tke'e-am'eneo'o buggy.Pl: am'eneontse. Oblique: am'enene; Diminutive: am'keneo'o.
little
vai. travel fast by wagon, roll fast. can be of a ball rolling quickly. -am'eohe. He is traveling fast by wagon. vai. roll along, go along by rolling transportation (esp. a wagon). See: -am'ehn. am'ehtse. He went by on wagon. Medial: -'(e).
-am'eohts
-am'eohtst vii. roll along. (me'ko) sta-am'eohtstnse (the head) rolled along (1987:255). am'ken'o ni. children's wagon. See: am'eneo'o. -am'omene vii. mountain(s) go along. htsheto'oma h'the ts've-am'omene Look around at those
mountains! [JOURNEY.TXT]
-amo'omenehe -amo't
vai. continue to live a poor life, drink uncontrolled. -amo'omenehe. He is such a drunkard he cannot control himself / he continues to live a poor life. vii. be at along, sit there. Nhhe h'the ta'se notama mstate-amo'thanhe hne, hne nhhe tshvvse. To the north it must have been a big ridge where they were camped. (1987:95). vai: -amoo'e. See: -no't. -amo'xe. He carried (it) along on back (his own back or for example, on horseback).
-amo'xe vai. carry, pack (s.t.) on the back. whether of person or animal; often implies carrying game.
vti. -amo'xentse. He carried them (inan.). fai: -o'xe. See: -amo'xohts; -po'vohe; pao'vhoo'e.
-amo'xhn vai. vti. walk carrying something on the back. -amo'xhne He carried something on his
back as he walked along. See: -amo'xohts.
-amo'xhn'tov vta. carry, pack s.o. on the back. See: -amo'x'tov. N-amo'xhnentse. I packed him
along on my back. vai: -amo'xhn.
-amo'x'tov
vta. carry s.o. on back. N-amo'xentse. I carried him on my back. -amo'xnoto. He carried him on the back (his own back or, for example, horseback). vai: -amo'xohts.
-amo'xohts vai. go along carrying; go along packing (s.t.) on the back. refers to carrying a load on
one's back. See: -amo'xhn. vta: -amo'x'tov. -amo'xhtse. He went along carrying (something) on his back. ohkene-amo'xohtseo'o. They carry their load around.
amo'xesttse ni. backpacking. Usage: neologism. -amma'xov vai. plow going along. See: pnoma'xovahttse. -amma'xov. He's plowing along.
'sanevove-amma'xovhoo'o v'ho'e the whiteman was the first to walk plowing (1987:70). Final: -ma'xov.
-amnea' vai. swing along, swing by. -amn'o. He is swinging by. Tarzan style of swinging, as
from a rope, swinging by.
-amnean vta. lead s.o. along by rope. -amneanho. He is leading him along with a rope. See: amonean.
-amneane
vii. hang; be along (of a rope-like object); be strung; be fenced. -amneane. It is fenced/there is a fence (for example, along the highway). -amneannstse. They (for example, moccasins) have long strands of beads (Crow style of beading). 's'o -amneane. The clothesline is strung up/hanging. ts'-amneane fence. Medial: -n. tshetneanen. -amneanne. He's putting up a fence.
-amneanen vai. put up a fence; build a spider web. can be used of a spider making its web. See: -amneeh vii. go along as a strand; be a tube. ts-amneha that which is a round tube/vessel (for
example, a strand of wire lying along a road). mhtsem'eme ts-amneha blood vessel. See: amneee.
-amneehn vai. line up. -amneehneo'o. They lined up. Amnhnstse! Get in line! Amnhne!
Line up! (said to more than one person). slower action than -amneeotse.
-amneeeotse
vai. stand in line. stama'xe-amneeeotshoono henen'e. Rose bushes (suddenly) appeared in a row (1987:255). fai: -.
-amneeohts vai. march in line, walk along in line. -amneeohtseo'o. They are marching in line. -amnee'e vai. stand in line. not used of sg. subjects. -amneeeo'o. They (an.) are standing in line.
Amnee'e! Stand in line! (said to more than one person). fai: -. See: -n'ovnee'e.
amneeotse vai. go by in a line quickly. Mhne'hse-amneeotshevhe. They were lined up again.

[Head Chief text]
-amneee vai. lie there (of stringlike object). -amne. He (snake or rope) is lying (there). Medial: n.
Amn'hhe na. Guesser Woman. -amneo'h

vta. line up s.o., place s.o. in a row. -amneo'hho. He put them in line. Mhno'eamneo'hohevhe ho'honaa'o hna'e tshetovese. He also formed those rocks in the shape of a swan. [1987:18] vti: -amneo'ts.
-amneo'san vai. play bingo.Literally: line up. -amneo'sne. He is playing bingo. amneo'sanmh'o ni. bingo hall. -amneo'ts vti. line up s.t., place s.t. in a row. -amneo'tsentse. He put them (inan.) in line. vta: amneo'h.
-amneoo'e
vai. sit in line. -amneoeo'o. They (an.) are sitting in line. fai: -oo'e. See: amnee'e stand in line; -n'ovneeoo'e sit in a straight line; -amnoo'e sit.
-amnoeotse
vai. sit. Hnhhe na'ene-amnoeotse. I sat there for a long time. amnoo'e.
[BERTHA.TXT]
See: -
-amnoo'e vai. sit. -amnoo'e refers to being in a sitting position; -hmstoo'e refers to the process of sitting
down; -hoo'e refers to being at a location. -amnoo'e. He is sitting. -amnoeo'o. They are sitting. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -noo'e. See: -hoo'e be at; -hmstoo'e sit (process); -amneeoo'e sit in line. fai: -oe; Antonym: -n'e.
-amnov vai. talk.Literally: along-talk. -amnva. He talked. ne-amnva. He kept on talking. fai: nov. See: -estse; -ne'hnov; -honov.
-amoo'e vai. be at going along (there). esp. of a ridge or mountain range. -amoo'e. He's sitting going
along. ho'hon'e ts'-amoo'se mountains (lit. where the rock is). ho'non'e -amoo'e It is a range of mountains. Notes (Phonology) vs vii: -amo't. See: -hoo'e; -oe; -n'e; -amhoo'e; -noo'e; -phponoo'e; -amee written.
-amoo'koh vii. rain go along. ne'-amoo'kho. Rain is approaching. See: neh-; -hoo'koh; -oo'koh. -amo'xev vai. go along as a herald. See: -ho'xev. -amo'xva He's going along announcing. -amomanohe vai. carry water. See: -manohe. -amomanohe He carried water. -amn vti. pull s.t./s.o. through water. -amna. He pulled it through water.
vta. -amono. He pulled him through water (for example, on a boat).
-amoona'n vta. hold hands walking with s.o. See: -hoona'n. -amoona'nhtseo'o. They are walking
holding hands.
-amonean vta. lead along s.o. for example, to lead a horse by the reins; this can also refer to guiding a
blind person along. -amoneanho. He led him along. -amoneanovo hethoestovevho. They led their mounts along. Medial: -n. See: -honean; -amnean; -stoonean.
-amosem vai. flee, struggle. -amoseme. He is just fleeing. [Hymn 123] fai: -oseme. See: -hetoseme; asetoseme.
-amov vai. go along in the rain. -amva. He went by (on foot) in the rain. -amov' vti. move s.t. liquid by foot. -amov'a. He moved it (water) with his foot. -amovn vti. vta. water s.t./s.o. N-amovno I watered him (for example, tree). -amovnen vai. irrigate; water. -amovnne. He's irrigating. -amovt vii. flood. -amovto It is flooding/there is flooding. -amtne vai. burrow along. See: -ho'tan. -amtne. He's burrowing along. [1987:246, 370] Final: tan.
-amtanoohe vai. burrow along. mstate-amtanoohehhe tsstae'amnoetsse n=kse'eheho He

burrowed his way right to where the young lady was sitting. (1987:307).
-amotht vti. Final: -otht.carry s.t. in the mouth. -amothta. He carried it in his mouth. -amotm
carry s.o. in the mouth. esp. of mother cat. Final: -otm. See: -om. -amotomo She (esp. mother cat) carried him/them with her teeth.
-amotsehe vai. smoke along, smoke walking. -amotsehe. He's smoking while walking along. Amotsh'e na. Smoking Woman. -amotse'ohe vai. actually working; be working. refers to actually doing work, whereas -hotse'ohe may
refer more to having a job. See: -hotse'ohe. -amotse'ohe He's doing work.
-amvhto'he
vai. haul. -amvhto'he. He's hauling. -amvht'heo'o. They are hauling. fai: vht'he. See: -amo'xe; -txeehahtse; -thovhto'he; -anvhto'he.
amvht'hesttse ni. pickup truck.Literally: hauling-thing. -amvot vta. haul s.o. -amvotho. He's hauling. vai: -amvhto'he. See: -thovot; -anvhto'he. -amxe'stn vai. continue schooling, continue going to school. -amxe'stne. He continues going
to school.
-an num. suffix on plural nouns possessed by first person (excl. or incl.). nemo'khan-antse our (incl)
shoes.
-an fti. by hand. -hest-na. He took it. vhp-na. He emptied it. hes'x-na. He smoothed it.
fta. -hest-anho. He took him. Etymology: *-en.
an- i. down. Etymology: *pen-. an- simply refers to movement down, while v- refers to movement
falling down and over (that is, to the side or from a standing position).
-an fai. hungry. h-na. He is hungry. Nssve-anotse I'm very hungry (so hungry I'm weak).
No'x-na. I'm very hungry (lit., I'm bursting with hunger). omm-na. He cried from hunger. nontov-na. He is very hungry. Nhom'-na. I'm getting hungry. See: -e'han; hean.
-anha'no'ham vai. drive down. -anha'no'hme. He's driving down(hill). fai: -a'no'ham. -anha'ee vai. lie with head down. -anha'e. He lay with head down. -anha'hahts vti. throw down s.t. This would be a deliberate action, not like accidental dropping.
See: -antoots'tov. -anha'hhtse. He threw it down. s'e-anha'hhtse. He threw it in (for example, to throw a fishing line into a river while casting). See: -poe'hahts.
-anha'ham
vta. 1 throw down; drop; buck off s.o. -anha'hamho. He jerked him down. Nanha'hama. He (esp. a horse) threw me off. ts'em'sese-anha'hamaevse after they had thrown them all in. [1987:43] Nth-anha'hamoo'o oekshesono oetanno. I dumped the
puppies off in Crow Agency. 2 fig., cause s.o. to reconcile with spouse. Neva-anha'hamaehe ksa? Have you gotten bucked off by the goat? (=reconciled with separated spouse; a humorous saying). see explanation of the idiom under -ksethoo'e. See: -eem.
-anha'haso'he vai. ride horse down. -anha'haso'he. He rode horse down. esp. down hill. -anha'ov vta. chase s.o. down. for example, chase someone down a hill or off a bed onto the floor. anha'ovho. He chased him down.
-anha'xe vai. 1 slide down (esp. into a ditch); ski down. -anha'xe. He went in the ditch/slid down.
th-anha'xeo'o. They went to slide down. Nth-anha'xmne! Let's go (sled) sliding! se-anha'xe. He slid in/fell in. fai: -a'xe. See: -svan. 2 go back to drinking. Usage: fig..
-ana' vai. 1 fall down; fall off (for example, off a table or horse). -an'o He fell off. Nne'-an'o I
fell down (for example, from a tree). e-ana'ho hensono. Her baby has dropped (that is, positioned itself ready for delivery at birth). vti: -ana'o'ts; Final: -a'. See: -va'; anhe-. 2 fig., drink alcohol again. va-an'o. He fell off again. Usage: borrowed from English 'fall off the wagon'. 3 fig., argue; dispute. only when used in full idiom with ma'ev'h'e 'Germans'. Ma'ev'h'e ana'oo'o. The Germans are falling (idiom for 'They (anyone) are having a dispute; idiom originated during the World Wars with the Germans).
vii.
-ana'o'ts vti. lower s.t., take down s.t. staohkhse-ana'o'tsnoho tsnta'etse mxe'stoo'o. He would
take another book down (from the shelf). [Stamper 1991:4]
-anan vti. take down s.t., lower s.t./s.o. See: -anoan. -anna. He took it down.
vta. -ananho. He lowered him.
nxeve na. (man's name). -an1 voice. passive suffix for first and second person subjects. Nvom-ne I was seen. Etymology:
*eko:Pi. See: -e; -n.
-an2 vai. give birth; lay eggs. See: -anotse; -antan. -ne. She gave birth. -anho. She (obv., for
example, his daughther) gave birth.
-an3 fai. make. mhen-ne He makes houses. ves-ne He's cutting teeth. smn-ne He makes
boats. Etymology: *-ehke: 'make (secondary AI final)'; O jiimaanike (N).
-an4 num. suffix for nouns with first person (exclusive) plural possessors. nhtotsh-ne our (incl) pet.
See: -ane 21PL.PS; -ev PL.PS.
-an5
fai. abstract AI final. See: -ne; -san; -san. vs-ne He sees. vstoms-ne He promised. Usage: This pronunciation is much more commonly used than -en, which is used by a few speakers..Variant: -en. See: -an 1PL.PS; -ev PL.PS.
-ane num. suffix for nouns with first person plural (inclusive) possessors. nstotsh-ane our (incl) pet. nht'e na. Deaf Woman. See: Onahthe. -anahtsenotse vai. rash around the mouth. -anahtsenotse. He has a rash around his mouth. -ana'oo'e vai. saddle sores. -ana'oo'e. (The horse) has saddle sores. -anees vai. have a rash on the nose. -anese. He has a rash on his nose. -anehahtxe vai. have blistered feet. -anehahtxe. He has a blistered foot (or feet). -anehane' vai. rash on nape, nape rash. -anehan'e. He has a rash on the nape of his neck. -anehe'on vai. hand rash, rash on hands. -anehe'na. He has a rash on his hands. -ane'es vai. have rash on buttocks, have diaper rash. -ane'se. He (esp. a baby) has a (diaper) rash.
BodyPartMedial: -'es.
-ane'stvose
vai. frostbitten ears; ears frostbitten. -ane'stvose. He's got frostbitten ears. BodyPartMedial: -'es.
-ane'ee vai. saddlesore. -ane'e. He is saddlesore. See: -ane'e; -ane. -ane'e vai. blisters on buttocks, bedsores; buttock blisters. These can be bedsores or blisters from
riding bareback. -ane'e. He has bedsores.Literally: rash-rump-lie. See: -ane; -ane'ee.
-aneht vai. have blistered leg(s). -anehta his leg is blistered. -aneotse vai. vii. become chafed; have a rash; become blistered. -aneotse. He got a rash. See: -anee. -anestahe'onxe vai. have blistered (or chafed) hands. -anestahe'onxe. He has blistered hands.
See: -o'honavhe'on.
-anestsstonxe vai. have blistered heel(s). -anestsstonxe. He has blistered heel(s). -anee vai. rash, bedsores. -ane. He has a rash. See: -aneotse. fai: -ee. -anekht vai. have blistered leg. -anekhta his leg is blistered. -anh(n) vta. butcher s.o. See: -anet. N-anhno I butchered him. -anhn vai. butcher. -anhne. He butchered. vta: -anet. See: -vsv. -ane'em vta. predict about s.o.; prophesy of s.o. Often has the idea that someone tells how someone
else will turn out and that is how they do turn out. -ane'emho. He told how he was going to turn out (and he turned out that way).
-ane'm vta. give power to s.o. for example, the giver could be a nsemoo'o. -ane'emo. He has given
him that power. -ane'm'e. He (prox) was ceremonially advised by him. See: -nhethot; hatamaahe.
-ane'emas
[1987:42]
vta. shoot at s.o. -ane'emsho. He shot at him. ht-ane'emaxstse Shot At (a name). fta: -emas. See: -ane'eoesemas; -am.
-ane'emxst vti. shoot at s.t. ve-ane'emxstnvo ts'enomo. They are shooting at the thing you
own. (Croft 1988:21:14).
ane'emseo'o
na. adopted person; bestowed upon person. Ma'hene-ane'emseono Christians (not commonly used).Pl: ane'emseono. Obviative: ane'emseono. See: -anemas target s.o..
-ane'eoesemas vta. quickly shoot at s.o. S'ea'e mhnhma'xe-ane'eoesemshevovhe. Right away they
started shooting at him. [1987:292] fta: -emas; Medial: -oese. See: -ane'emas.
-ane'stsah(n)
vta. puncture head of s.o. This was a traditional form of blood-letting to relieve headaches. -ane'stsahno. He punctured his head (for doctoring). N-ane'stsahe. My head was punctured.
-ane'hov vai. sting. -ane'hva. He (for example, mosquito) stung. See: -ane'khov. ane'hovahttse ni. stinger. ane'k- i. prick; peck. -ane'khemo'he vai. prick (for example, with a fork); peck. -ane'khemo'he He pecked (as with a
fork)/he pricked.
ane'khem'hestotse ni. fork. See: ane'(k)heo'o. ane'kh'o

ni. big fork, ane'khem'hesttse.
hay
fork.Variant: ane'h'o.
Pl: ane'kheonotse.
See: thoheo'o;
-ane'koh(n) vti. peck s.o./s.t., prick s.o./s.t. by tool. -ane'kha He pecked it (for example, dirt).
vta. N-ane'khno. I pricked him by tool (for example, with fork). vai: -ane'hov.
-ane'khov vai. peck. -ane'khva. He's pecking. kokhxa -ane'khva the chicken is pecking.
See: -ane'hov.
-ane'oh(n)
vta. pierce, puncture, sting s.o. -ane'hnho. He pierced him. N-ane'hne. I was punctured; I was stung (for example, by a mosquito). See: -otaen; -ane'koh(n). vai: -ane'hov.
ane'too'se ni. fang; front tooth.Pl: ane'testse. pl. apparently used for snake ?? -anen do. This appears to have a rather generic meaning, referring to general activity. It also appears
(probably by semantic extension) in many verbs referring to playing cards. hesth-anne. He had many things to do; his hand are full (in English idiomatic sense). x-anne He is prepared/he is ready. phv-anne He was nicely ready/prepared; He had a good hand in cards. mh-anne He had a full house (in cards; lit. all-do). Nna'h-anne I have three of a kind (in cards). nev-anne He does things (for example, his work) fast. nv-anne. He's doing it slowly. He'pa'onome tshet-anne. He's doing something behind the house. See: -nhev.
neno p. some other time. particle to communicate postponement, procrastination. See: maato. nn'se -aneohts
p. carefully; deliberately. nn'se o'haevo'stanheve! Live one day at a time! nn'se hahpen'e. She sewed carefully. [PD18] Antonym: neonn'e. See: vovhpone-. vai. come down. hma'xe-aneohtssesto hotm'e nhhe vno v'kaehevaho there was antelope hair falling down there inside the tepee (1987:94).
-anotse vai. birthe; give birth; lay eggs. See: -an2; -antan; -hestotse. -anotse. She gave birth. ansvne p. west. Usage: not well known today. Grinnell 1923, Vol. II, says that this term (or, perhaps, with
an initial h-, hansvne) is a ceremonial term for 'south'. See: hansvne; -ta'ehn; nomhst'e.
anstaee ni. haze; mist. Anstaev'e na. Misty Woman ?? -ane vai. lie birthing. esp. refers to giving birth after falling to the ground. -ane. She gave birth
after a fall.
-anet vta. butcher s.o. -anetho. He butchered him. vai: -anhn. Anthvhnstse vai. Walks Different. See: nthve-. Anethveso na. Stands Different. netheve'e na. Stands Different. -antan vai. in labor. See: -an2; -naetan. -antno. She is in labor. anevo'e'h vta. knock over s.t. -anevo''ha. He knocked it over/down. vta: -anevo'e'ov. anevo'e'ov vta. knock over s.o. -anevo'e'ovho. He knocked him over. See: -vevo'oh(n). -anevo'emas vta. shoot down s.o. -anevo'emsho He shot him down. (for example, shot a bird out of
a bush; or while it was flying). Medial: -evo'. See: -anevo'amas.
-anevo'koh vti. 1 knock s.t. down (by tool). -anevo'kha. He knocked it down by tool. for example,
knocked something off a table. Medial: -evo'.Variant: -anevo'oh. 2 fig., knock down snow; refers to someone's having gotten married, or eloped.
-anevo'koh(n) vta. knock down s.o. (by tool). See: -anevo'om; -anoh(n); -anhvo'h(n). -anevo'khnho.
He knocked him down by tool. (alternate pronunciation) Nvhe tsanevo'khntse hesta'sho? Who made it snow? (lit. Who knocked down the snow?) (as humorous idiom, = Who got married? or Who eloped?). Medial: -evo'.Variant: -anevo'oh(n).
-anevo'oh vti. knock s.t. off. for example, to knock something off a table. -anevo'oh. He knocked it
off.
-anevo'oh(n) vta. knock down s.o. (by tool). -anevo'hnho. He knocked him down by tool. Medial: evo'.Variant: -anevo'koh(n). See: -anevo'e'ov.
-anevo'om vta. knock down s.o. by speaking.Literally: knock down by talking about. -anevo'omovo.
They knocked him down by talking about him. Ne-anevo'om'e. I have quit my job because of their verbal attacks on me. Medial: -om.
-anoan vti. vta. lower s.t./s.o. See: -anan; -ana'o'ts. -anona He lowered it (for example, a window). anoe- pv. i. down. -anoehe'onohts vai. lower hand. ssatne-anoehe'onohtshehoo'o his hand couldn't come down
(1987:267). Medial: -he'on.
-anoena'vaohts
vai. arm lower. xhe'ke-anoena'vaohtshoo'o his arm slowly went back down (1987:267). Medial: -na'v.
-anoeotse vii. vai. become low, become sick. for example, of a battery. -anoeotse. It/He got low. -anoetan'tsan
vta. put down people. ohke-anoetan'tsne He puts people down. Usage: loan transl. from English?.
-anoetan'tov vta. put down s.o.; look down on s.o. See: -anoetan'tsan. -anoetan'tovho He looks
down on him. [1987:211]
-anevam vta. calm s.o. by talking. See: -vovem. N-anvmo I calmed him down by talking. -anoh vti. lower s.t. by tool. -anha He lowered it with a tool. -anha'ham vta. throw down s.o. -anha'hamho. He threw him down. for instance, to throw s.o. off
a car or fence.
-anhan vti. vta. put down s.t./s.o. N-anhna I put it down/I took it down. N-anhno I put him
down/I took him down.
anhe- pv. i. down. -anhehe'e vii. pour down, waterfall. -anhehe'e. It's a waterfall. sa'-anheheehane. The
water is not pouring down. Notes (Phonology) vs
-anhehn vai. descend. -anhhne He descended. -anhehon vai. sign down. that is, sign for someone to go down. -anhehne. He gave the down sign.
fai: -ohon.
-anhe'hotse vai. run down. -anhe'hotse He ran down. -anhe'hoohe vai. 1 fly down. -anhe'hoohe. He flew down.
2 fall from a high place. Usage: fig., humorous. refers to a person who fell from a high place.
-anhe'sev vii. flow down (of liquid). -anhe'svo. it's running down. -anhma'oh vti. sweep down s.t. -anhma'ha. He's sweeping it down/off. -anhma'oh(n) vta. sweep down s.o. -anhma'ohnho hesta'sho. He's sweeping the snow off (the
roof).
anhem- (anho??) pv. homely with a handsome spouse. -anhem-hma. She is homely with a
handsome husband. -anhem-'va. He is homely with an attractive wife.
-anhemohe vai. run down, strain to get down. -anhemohe. He ran down. can refer to a baby
straining to get off someone's lap. fai: -mohe.
-anhnomeotse vai. fall off during sleep. -anhnomeotse. He fell off (something) during sleep.
fai: -nome.
-anheohov vai. flee down. -anheohva. He fled down. for instance, to flee down a mountain. -anheohovoohe vai. flee down. -anheohovoohe. He fled down. faster than -anheohva. -anheohts vai. go down. as -s'eohts, can be used to refer to traveling from Busby to Lame Deer.
See: -he'ameohts. -anhehtse He went down (the hill). [1987:266]
-anheotseh vta. bring down s.o. -anheotshho. He brought him down. Nme'tava-anheotsho.
Let me take him back down. [Stamper 1991:10]
-anheotsests vti. bring down s.t. m'sanem'sho'e-anheotsstshenovtse hne ho'vhkohtsstse

They finally brought down all the meat. (1987:261).
-anhesvan vai. slide down. -anhesvno. He slid down. Preverb: anhe-. See: -aneotse; -svan. anhesvanohttse ni. sled.Literally: slide down thing. Pl: anhesvanohtottse. See: svanohttse. anhe-svanohe vai. slide down. -anhe-svanohe He slid down. -anhestseoh'tov anheto p. down. -anhevohe vai. vti. throw (s.t.) down. See: -vohe; -sevohe. -amhevohe He threw it down. -anhevhka'xe vai. drive down. momxome-anhevhka'xe. He slowly drove off the road. anhevho'one ni. stepladder. See: e'evonh'o.Variant: anovho'one. -anhevonehn vai. climb down. -anhevonhne. He climbed down. See: -hmevonehn. -anhevoneohe
vai. climb down. 'hke-anhevoneohsesto heke her mother would get off (the travois) (1987:26). 2 fig., make amazing news; do something amazing to s.o. See: -anevo'koh(n); -anhvo'h(n). N-anhno hsta'se. I knocked down the snow (fig. = I made news). vta. drag down s.o. See: -hestsem. hotma'e ho'vva nme'tavav'ho'eanhestseoh'tvo on a hide I could easily haul her back down (the hill) (1987:30).
-anoh(n) vta. 1 knock down s.o. (by tool). -anhnho. He knocked him down.
nhn'o na. (woman's name). -anhha'en vai. boat down. -anhh'ne. He is boating down. -anhe't vii. vai. hang down. See: -hoe't. -anh'tnstse votnstse the tailfeathers are hanging
down.
-anhe'e
vai. stand looking down. tsenhm'e-anhe'e ksovhe a young man will appear looking down (from the hill) (1987:265). ne'hte-anheeo'o They would stand on top of (the stage) looking down (on the people) (1987:150). fai: -. Notes (Phonology) vs
-anhose vai. float down. hne'-anhose. He floated down. See: -anoose. -anhostonean vta. lower s.o. by rope. -anhostoneanho. He lowered him by rope. -anhoeem vta. drape s.o. For example, to drape a blanket on something. -anhoeemho. He's draping
him.
-anhohomo'he vai. dance down. ne'-anhohom'hesstse nhhe ts'o'hostatse She danced down
over the cliff. [CLIFF.TXT] Final: -ohom'he.
-anho'hots vai. run down. tshne'ho'e-anho'hotsse when he had arrived running down (the
hill). [Head Chief text]
-anh'a'h vii. go down by wind. ne'va-anh''ha. It came back down in the wind. for example, of
a kite. See: -an'a'h.
-anh'a'xe
vai. blown down. -anh'a'xe. He was blown down. for instance, blown downhill. Antonym: -e''a'xe.
-anho'as fire come down. -anho'se. The fire is coming down the hill. -anh'hn vai. go down by wagon. -anh'hne. He went down by wagon. -anh'en vti. vta. lower s.t./s.o. -anh'enho. He lowered him (for example, a flag, animate). -anh'eohe vai. travel down fast by wagon. -anh'eohe. He is traveling down fast by wagon.
-anh'e'e
vai. park on incline. -anh'e'e. He parked on an incline. htshhe tsstaanh'etse tsxha'hsta here where we are parked on this hill (1987:190). Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -. vta. push off s.o. so that they go down (for example, by dropping or falling). See: sh'ham. -anho'hamho He pushed him off (for example, off the table).
-anho'ham
-anho'ne'e vai. step down. -anho'ne'e. He stepped down. See: -ho'ne'e. -anho'ov vta. push off s.o. See: -sh'ov. -anho'ovho He pushed him off (for example, off the
table).
-anhma'o'e vii. be downgrade sloped ground. -anhma'o'e. It is downgrade sloped ground. -anhnean vti. lower s.t./s.o. by rope. -anhnna. He lowered it (by hoist; for example, a well
bucket).
vta. -anhneanho. He lowered him by rope. Medial: -n.
-anhneoe't vii. vai. hang down. of a rope-like object. -anhneo'to. It's hanging down. 's'o
-anhneo'to. The clothesline is hanging down. See: -'kavoe't.
anhnoesttse ni. tower. -anhnoo'e vai. sit looking down. for instance, to sit on a hill and look downhill or sit on bleachers
and look down on a basketball court. -anhnoo'e. He's sitting looking down. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -noo'e.
-anhvo'h(n) vta. knock down s.o. Anhvo'heha! Knock him down! (for example, a fly, from off of my
hand). See: -anevo'koh(n).
-ano'hotse vai. run downhill. -ano'hotse. He ran downhill. -an'a'h vii. blown down. -an''ha. It was blown down (by wind). See: -anh'a'h; -an'a'. -an'a'ham vta. throw s.o. down. An'a'hamameha! Pitch him a drop ball! -an'a' vii. vai. blow down, fly off from wind. -an''o. He/It was blown down (by the wind). See: anh'a'h.
-ano'eoesta'h vii. knocked down by wind. -ano'eoest'ha. It was knocked down by wind. -ano'eoesta'xe vai. knocked down by wind. -ano'eoesta'xe. He was knocked down by wind. Ano'stsh'e na. Runsaway Woman. -ano'ohts vai. run away. -ano'htse. He ran away. tsohke-ano'htsese those who play hookey/those
who run away. Hee'haho m'hkhetseame-an'htshevhe. His son continued to run away (from school). (1987:191). See: -noo'ohts.
-ano'oohe vai. leave with a man. Refers to a bride leaving with her groom; for some speakers it has a
broader meaning, referring to when any woman is by herself with any man, esp. when they are some distance away from the view of others. See: -asta'v. -ano'oohe. She went with her groom (for example, left her parents to live with husband) / She eloped.
-no'xe fai. sleep. h-ano'xe. He stayed up a long time (for example, all night). h-ano'xe. He gets up
early. msth-ano'xe. He is cranky upon waking/wants to sleep some more. momta'-no'xe. He's angry/mean from lack of sleep. See: -nme sleep.
-anoma'eotse vii. slide down. of earth, dirt, sand, rocks. -anoma'eotse. It slid down. See: -stoma'eotse. -anonn vti. vta. mix up s.t./s.o.; tangle s.t./s.o. up. -anonna. He mixed it up/tangled it up. See: asto'nan.
-anonotse
vii. vai. chaos, tangled, mixed. -anonotse. It's become chaotic / he's mixed up. for example, said when social norms customs are violated (for example if a white and black person are seen going together romantically; when customs are overturned: for example, if a father-inlaw talks to his daughter-in-law).
-anont vii. be tangled. anonto It's tangled. [Croft] See: -totho'pneehe; -totho'p. anonvepv. doesn't care, unthinking. all kinds of crazy people. anonve-vo'staneo'o people who "follow" without thinking (for example, when voting).
-anonvetan
vai. confused. -anonvetno. He isn't thinking right; doesn't care how he thinks ; confused. See: -anonstahe; -novetan; -ononstahe.
anonveto p. unorganized. -anonvo'etahe vai. do something in a mixed up way. -anonvo'etahe. He's doing it in a mixed up
way.
anonhovhe na. whiteman. said to be the first term given white people when Cheyennes encountered them;
the second term was ho'evtse; the final and current term is ve'ho'e.
anonvee'tose ni. carrots; yampa. Refers to either a wild or domesticated plant. Probably traditionally
refers to yampa; Grinnell lists this Ch. term as Carum gairdneri (H. & A.) A. Gray); modern term Perideridia gairdneri (H. & A.) Math.; the Ch. term seems to have something to do with four wild roots (typically) being together in a bunch. See: heve-mo'ht'ne 'yellow turnips'.Literally: hang-four-together?.
-anoose vai. float down. -anoose. He's coming (floating) down. See: -anhose. Anhts'e na. (woman's name). -anoo'as vii. flames die down. ?? ?? See: -xo'as. -anoo'stotse vai. lower ears. for example, what a cat does when it is angry. See: -pophn'. anoo'stotse. He lowered his ears.
-anooosta mhtsem'eme vii. have low blood pressure. -anooosta mhtsem'eme He has low blood
pressure. Usage: loan translation.Literally: low-hang the.blood.
-anovotse vii. run down (of water). -anovotse. (The water) is running down. nse p. true, right, remember.Variant: aose. epistemic particle used to get addressee to agree with what
the speaker is telling him, very similar to English 'Right, (huh)?'. ' ' anse hevoo'o .
anse
p. outdoors; outside. Antonym: hotm'e. Anse mtaohke-no'xhhe. He must have left his
burden outdoors (that is, you can tell by his actions that he did not leave his burden inside the church as he should have). Etymology: *akwaci. Non-contracted: ansma.
ansma p. outside, outdoors. Contracted: anse. -antoots'tov

vta. drop s.o. from the mouth. See: -anha'ham; -amotom; -otm. oekse antoots'tovho hohtsemono The dog dropped the ball from his mouth.
-anova''ts vti. lower s.t. can be used today for lowering the volume on a radio or T.V. -anova''tse.
He lowered it.
-anova'tov vai. lower flame, lower smoke. Anova'tovnhtse! Lower the flame (esp. on a lamp)! See: atov.
-anovan vti. put down s.t./s.o.; lower s.t./s.o. -anovane. It is lowered.

vta. -anovanho. He lowered him.
nov'o na. A Girl Beautiful. Colloq. expression difficult to translate but it is used when you see something
beautiful and you apply it to the beauty of a girl; this word has been used as a proper name. One elder said the following in explanation of this word: hov'he tsphvatamno'e hatameestse tano'evh'ta '... (the girl) is named for (the beautiful thing)' (TRANSLATE FULLY ??).
-anovtam vta. regard s.o. as being low. -anovtamho. He deems him as being low/he is 'down on
him (obv)'. Usage: possible loan transl..
-anovstanove vii. mixed up world. refers to a mixed up kind of living. -anovstanove. It's a mixed up
world.
-anovkhtavose -novetan
vai. frostbite on leg. -anovkhtavose. His leg was frostbitten. fai: -ose; BodyPartMedial: -hkht. vai. sad; depressed; feeling bad.Literally: down-mental.state. -novetno. He's sad. Usage: obsolescing. See: -hvsvetan; -eometan.
anovho'one ni. stepladder?; steps.Variant: anhevho'one. -anvhto'he

vai. unload. -anvhto'he. He unloaded. -anvht'heo'o. They unloaded. Medial: voht; fai: -'he. See: -amvhto'he; -no'xe.
-anovo'oh(n) vta. knock down s.o. by tool. -anovo'hnho. He knocked him down. -anvose vai. frostbitten. -anvose. He is frostbitten. Final: -ose. -anvot vta. unload s.o. -anvotho. He unloaded him. See: -anvhto'he; -no'xe. ao'seto
ni. 1 ni. hailstone. Ao'setontse amhntnstse. Hailstones are walking.Pl: ao'setontse. Diminutive: ao'kto. Speaking of hailstones 'walking' primarily refers to when you can hear a
hailstorm approaching. When the hailstorm actually arrives on scene then you speak of hailstones with verbs like 'falling'. Ao'setontse ana'nstse. Hailstones are falling. 2 na. Hail.
-ao'setnvm'e vai. hailstone-painted. -ao'setnvm'e. He's hailstone-painted. ao'setontse amhntnstse

vii.
hail.
Ao'setontse
amhntnstse.
It's
hailing.Literally: hailstones are walking.
ao'kto ni. small hailstone.Pl: ao'ketontse. Non-diminutive: ao'sto. -ao'ketnevto vii. sleet. -ao'ketnevto. It's sleeting. o'xe p. ?? o'xe sahne'enhnovo. They don't know (what I know). Usage: obsolescent. See: aose. aose p. Right?, it did happen; innit?! used to encourage the listener to confirm what the speaker is
saying. See: aa'se.Variant: nse. See: o'xe.
ve
p. other places. ve taohkheehtse. He goes all over. ve netao'o all over. See: oxse.
[1987:192]
oveto p. other places, all over. Synonym: ve. -as

fta. cut. instrumental final. a't-sho. He accidentally cut him. po'-sho. He cut him off. Npo'so. I cut him off. fti: -ax.
-as1 fii. burn; blaze; shine. oh-se. It is on fire. See: -o'as. -as2 mbp. belly; stomach. This seems to refer to the surface of the stomach while -oht refers to the
inside. nx-shtse. He has pain on the stomach surface. ph-se. He has a bloated belly. thpe'-se. He has a big belly. Npn-shno. I punched him in the stomach/belly. vhpskohkonheo'o white bread (lit. hollow-belly-bread). See: -oht; -tone; -t'omemas. Etymology: *-cye:-.
ase- i. start; away. See: aset-. -asehtse. He left. -ase vai. leave. -ase. He left. One cultural departure formula may have been the following: A: N-ase
'I'm leaving'; B: Taan-asstse! 'Go ahead and leave!' (but W. Leman has only heard this in a linguistics class context, where the words were spoken by Oklahoma Cheyenne speakers). Nen-asstse! Come (along)! Taan-asstse! Go ahead and leave! stathee-ashoo'o nhhe. He went (left) towards there (pret). See: -noosan.
ase- pv. start, begin, away. -asemsehe. He started to eat. -aseka'a'xe. He broad jumped (lit. awayjumped). Initial: ase-, aset-.
-aseestse vai. telephone, start to talk.Literally: away-talk; start-talk. This word refers to an outgoing
telephone call, and -ho'eestse refers to an incoming call. -aseestse. He's talking on the telephone. See: -ho'eestse.
aseestsesttse ni. telephone.Literally: away-talk-thing. -aseehe vai. move away. -aseehe. He is moving away. See: -ameehe. -aseehoohe
vai. move camp away hurriedly. -aseehoohe. He moved away. Mstama'xeaseehoohehevhe. They really hurriedly moved camp. [1987:258] Antonym: -ho'eehoohe.
aseso'ham vta. push away s.o. -ashahts vti. sing s.t. what is sung is some song. Nmeo'tse ns'hove-ashhtse. All at once I sang
(this) song. [1987:203] vta: -asnoot.
ashne p. ?? -ashohts vai. tracks go away from. taas-hhtse. His tracks go away from. Final: -hohts.
-ash'ham -aseka'a'xe
vta. push away s.o. for example, to push him forward. See: -sh'ham; -avo'ham. Nash'hmo I pushed him. vai. broad jump. Notes (Phonology) The /e/ of the preverb ase- usually devoices in natural conversation. -aseka'a'xe. He jumped away/broad jumped. Nth-aska'a'xmne! Let's go broad jump!Literally: away-jump. See: -ka'a'xe jump.
-ase'h vai. fly away, start to fly. -as'ha. He flew away. -as'ham fta. give drink to s.o. toom-s'hamho He gave a cold drink to him. fai: /-as'e/. -ase'hoohe vai. fly away. -ase'hoohe. He flew away. saa'vatne=tsa'e=tnee-ase'hoohhesesto.
They could fly elsewhere. [1987:95]
-ase'hooh'tov
vta. fly away with s.o. naa taee'no'-se'hooh'to'e tshhto Well, they have flown off with my father. (1987:315).
-as'e fai. drink. usually assimilates to -ae'e. von-e'e. He drank all night. nontov-e'e. He's
drunk. fta: -as'ham; Assimilated: -a'e.Variant: -s'e. Notes (Phonology) assim
-asema'en vti. turn s.t. (of paper). -asema'na. He turned it (the page of a book). Asema'enhtse!
Turn the page! ma'xe-asema'na. He turned a lot of pages.
-asemohe vai. start running. -asemohe. He started to run. fai: -mohe. -asenotse vii. vai. split; run; unravel; tear, start to rip. Hoohtsstse -asenotse. The tree started to split.
(for example, from a terrible hailstorm). Hoxeo'o -asenotse. The nylon/sock started to unravel/run. See: -ast'toeotse; -o'xeotse.
-aseneenh(n) vta. send away s.o. -aseneenahno. He sent him away. N-aseneenhno. I sent him away.
-aseneenahe. He was 'excommunicated' (sent away, for example, after murdering someone). N'-aseneenxeha! Send him away from there! vai: -aseneenhov. See: -mea'e; -hest'emeve; theema'tov; -ho'ma'tov.
-aseneenhov vai. send away; ask (people) to leave. -aseneenhva. He asked (people) to leave.
See: -aseneenh(n).
-aseneenvo'koh(n) vta. quickly ask s.o. to leave. -aseneenvo'khnho. He quickly asked him to
leave. See: -aseneenh(n).
-asnome vai. start to sleep. -asnome. He started sleeping. fai: -nome. -asnon vai. start to sing. -asnne. He started to sing. Hne vee'e msp'po'nhhanhe hne ts'asnonstove. The tepee was used as a drum when they began to sing. (1987:94). Asnnstse! Start singing! vti: -ashahts; Final: -non. See: -asnoohe.
-asnonoohe vai. start to sing. nhe'e h'tva nxhseonse-asnonoohe then I tried to sing again
(1987:157)
-asnoohe vai. sing an honor song (for someone). refers to singing a special song. -asnoohe. He sang
an honor song. vta: -asnot; fai: -non. See: -asnon; -asnonoohe.
-asnot vta. sing an honor song to s.o. -asnooto. He is singing an honor song for him. Asnoota!
Sing an honor song to him! (said to more than one person; cf. ase-noota 'Start to leave someone!). See: -asnoov; -ashahts.
-asnoov vta. sing an honor song for s.o. -asnoovho. He is singing an honor song for him. 'osaneasnoovsesto. He began to sing to them. [1980:45:18] See: -asnot.
-aseoha'ov vta. drive away s.o. -aseoha'ovho. [pd389] -aseohe vai. leave, take off. -aseohe. He left. Nto'se-aseohe. I'm going to leave. vta: -aseoh'tov. See: ase; -aseta'xe; -neveohe.
-aseoh'tov vta. leave with; take off with; elope with; move s.o. See: -aseotseh. -aseoh'tovho. He
took off with him. vai: -aseohe.
-aseohovoohe vai. escape; flee away. -aseohovoohe He fled away. Final: -ohov. See: -ameohov; hmstov.
-aseohts vai. 1 leave. -asehtse He's leaving. [1987:240]
2 fig., die. literal leaving or can be said when a deceased's body is put in a grave. See: hovnee'e.
-aseohtsh vta. take away s.o. See: -aseoh'tov. navo'stanemo nto'sevamhe-aseohtshoo'o I'm going
to take all of my people away (1987:14).
-aseohtstan vai. want to leave. N-aseohtstno. I want to leave. -aseotseh

vta. take away; remove s.o. See: -aseoh'tov. -aseotshho. He took him away. Nto'sevamhe-aseotshatsemeno. We are going to take all of you back. [1987:59]
-aseotsests vti. take away; carry away s.t. ta-aseotsstse He took it away. ass- i. pv. stretch; stretchy. See: s(hp)-. -assna He stretched it (by hand?). assestse'he sweater
(lit. stretchy-shirt). assohkha'e stocking cap (lit. stretchy-cap). asso'kha tennis shoe (lit. stretchy-shoe).
-assahe vai. be stretchy. for example, of cloth. -assahe. He (for example, some cloth) is stretchy. assestse'he na. sweater.Literally: stretchy-shirt. -assee'e
vai. get taller. -assee'e. He grew taller. -asseo'o. They grew taller. Notes (Phonology) vsLiterally: stretch. 2 Stretchy Mouth Woman. made up nickname for a lady who wore braces with lots of
asseneehvhtsen'hhe na. 1 overly talkative, gossipy person.

rubberbands.
-asseotse vii. vai. become stretched. -asseotse. It's stretched. See: -shpan stretch s.t./s.o.. assohkha'e ni. stocking cap.Literally: stretchy-cap. asso'keha ni. 1 tennis shoe.Literally: stretchy-shoe. Pl: asso'khantse.
2 rubber. for wearing in the rain.
-ass'o vii. be stretchy. -ass'o it's stretchy. asso'xhthono

na. pieces of underwear, long johns.Literally: stretchy-pants. Singular: asso'xhto.Variant: assovxhthono. The plural refers to a set of long johns, that is, both legs, or to multiple sets. na-asso'xhthono my (pieces of) underwear/my underwear. See: anevo'xhthono; anevxhthono; hhto. See: m-htse'ko; amho'h-mhtse'ko.
assoneehhe na. tire.Literally: stretchy-tubular-thing. Pl: assoneehheo'o. Obviative: assoneehheho. assoneeh-mhtse'ko

mhtse'ko. na. tire.Literally: stretchy-leg. Pl: assoneeh-mhtse'kono. See: amho'h-
assoneo'amesttse ni. bean shooter.Literally: stretchy-shoot-NOM. This is a slingshot. See: -ho'am. assovxhthono
na. pieces of underwear, long johns.Literally: stretchy-pants. Singular: assovxhto.Variant: asso'xhthono. The plural refers to a set of long johns, that is, both legs, or to multiple sets. na-assovxhthono my (pieces of) underwear/my underwear. See: anevo'xhthono; anevxhthono; hhto.
-asstse sfx. vocative suffix for plural addressee. kse'ehh-asstse Young ladies! (1980:57:57). -aseme vta. start to sing a song. ohkeno'e-aseme h'tva hoxheom'e. It is sometimes sung in the
Sun Dance. [CLIFF.TXT] Assimilated: -aeme. See: -ashahts; -asnon.
-asevaen vta. start fighting; start warring with s.o. -asevaenhtsstove the war started (for example,
right after Pearl Harbor). Assimilated: -aevaen. See: -hesevaen; -aset; -nevaen.
seke na. (man's name for a small animal similar to a weasel).Variant: eke. aset- i. away, start. See: ase-. -asta'xe. He took off; ran off. N-asethvo. I motioned him to leave.
-asthomo'he. He started to dance. Notes (Phonology) The /e/ typically devoices before the /t/; because, of this many forms with the aset- sequence were previously transcribed as asst-. It would appear that aset- is most accurate, and that we must allow for a special kind of low-level phonetic devoicing here. Some finals take the aset- spelling while others, such as -ohts, take the ase- spelling for this initial. This initial parallels others such as n- 'end'; am- 'along'; st- 'into.'.
-aset vta. start fighting s.o. only seems to be used with reciprocal subjects. -asethtsstove. Fighting is
started. See: -amet; -net; -asevaen.
-asetho'he vai. leave by car. -astho'he. He's leaving in a car. fai: -aho'he. -aseta' vti. drive off s.t., propel s.t. away. -ast'a. He drove it away. vti: -aseta'ov. -aseta'e'e vai. move head out of the way. -aseta'e'e. He moved his (own) head out of the way. -aseta'no'ham vai. start to drive. -asta'no'hme. He started driving. fai: -a'no'ham. -aseta'v vai. take a wife. -asta'va. He took a wife. vta: -asta'v'tov; Medial: -'v. See: -ano'oohe. -aseta'v'tov vta. take s.o. as wife. -asta'va'tovho. He took her as wife. [1987:304] -aseta'hahts vti. throw away s.t. (from oneself). not in sense of 'discard'. -asta'hhtse. He threw it
(away from himself). See: -vho'oests.
-aseta'ham vta. throw away s.o.; pitch s.o. This refers to throwing an object away from oneself, not of
discarding it (-vho'oests). -asta'hamho. He pitched him (for example, ball, animate). Asta'hameha hhtsme! Throw the ball! N'-asta'hameha hhtsme! Throw the ball to me! Taasta'hameha ho'hon'e! Throw the rock! fta: -a'ham; vai: -asta'hasen.
-aseta'hasen vai. Final: -a'hasen.throw away; pitch baseball. See: -asevohe; -vohe. -asta'hasne.
He's pitching. Nth-asta'hasenmne! Let's go pitch ball!
-aseta'haso'he
vai. leave on horse. -aseta'haso'he. He left on horseback. Nhe'e m'aseta'has'hehhe. Then he started loping his horse. (1987:170). Final: -a'haso'he. a'haso'he. staohke-asta'has'heohsesto They would quickly ride off (1987:26).
-aseta'has'heohe vai. quickly ride horse away; gallop away. faster action than -aseta'haso'he. Final: -aseta' vii. vai. leap. -ast'o. It/He leaped. See: -a'; -asta'xe; -ka'a'xe. -aseta''h vta. remove s.o. -aseta'o'ho. He removed him. -aseta''ts vti. take away s.t., take off s.t. -asta''tse. He took it off. for example, to take a lid off a
pot.
-asta'san vai. chase away. to chase away people or animals. -assta'sne. He chases away. -aseta'ov vta. drive off s.o., chase away s.o. for example, chasing away dogs or cattle. Can also be used
of brushing away snow, for instance, with one's feet. -asta'ovho. He chased him away. vti: aseta'. See: -ta'e'ov.
-aseta'oveohe vai. leave angry. ta-asta'oveohe. He left angry. -aseta'ovo'ham vai. move stock; chase horses away. N-asta'ovo'hme. I chased off horses. -aseta'xan vai. start to cry. -asta'xne. He started to cry. -aseta'xe vai. take off; start to run. -asta'xe. He took off. Asta'xstse! Run! Asta'xe! Run! (said to
more than one person). fai: -a'xe; fti: -aseta'x'tsest. See: -amemohe.
-aseta'x'tsest vti. start s.t. for example, to start the engine of a car. -asta'x'tssta. He started it.
Asta'x'tssthtse! Start it! vai: -aseta'xe.
-asetan vti. pass s.t.; take away s.t.; forgive s.t. This verb has been used for the idea of 'forgive'. When
speaking at a normal speed, most speakers whisper (devoice) the "e" for all words that begin with "-aset". When enunciating more slowly and deliberately the "e" will often be voiced. astna. He passed it/took it away. N'-astanhtse! Pass it to me! N'-astanhtse vhpoma'htse! Pass the salt! N'-astanhtse ho'vohktse! Pass me the meat! Ma'heo'o vaasetna nhtvsvo'ethesttse. God forgave my wrongdoing. vta. pass s.o.; take away s.o.; forgive s.o. -astanho. He discarded him.
-asetanomev vta. take away something from s.o. See: -vonanomev. -asetanomevho. He took it away
from him. N-astanom'e. He forgave me. Asstanomevstse havse! Take sin away from me!
-asetax vti. cut away s.t. -astxa. He cut it away. -asetxe'ov vta. chase away s.o. -astxe'ovho. He chased him away. See: -asta'ov; -hetxe'ov.
-ast vii. start. Nehsstnne thhe vaveto tsxhee-asto h'tohe ma'heneestsmh'o. We were
talking about long ago how this church got started. vai: -ase.
[1987:237]
Usage: probably a loan transl..
-asete' vai. vii. float away. -ast'o. He/It floated away. -asetoem
vta. start value of s.o. June ma'thse-astoemstse sixty-nine nhtanhe'hahe At the
beginning of June I'll be 69. [1987:157]
-asetose vai. 1 float away. -astose. He floated away.

2 drive fast and bypass someone. Usage: fig.; humorous.
-asetostn vai. start school, start to read. -astostne. He's starting school. -asetoh vti. shovel; brush away; swish away s.t. -asetha He shoveled it. -asethen vai. chase away, brush away. -asthne. He brushed (something) away (for example,
brushed crumbs off a table).
-asetoh(n)
vta. shovel away; swish away s.t./s.o. Final: -ohn. -asthnho. He shoveled him (for example, snow) away. N-asthno hsta'se. I shoveled away the snow. Hov'he mxho'nnhpaohkev'e-asethnhtse mksoneho. Then (the cow) had nothing with which to swish away the bugs. [BOBTAIL.TXT]
-asethomo'he vai. start to dance. -asthomo'he. He started to dance. Final: -ohom'he. -asethom'heohe vai. start to dance. N'hke-asthom'heohe I would start dancing (1987:177). -asethon
vai. motion to move, sign away. -asthne. He motioned to (others to) move/keep going/get out of the way. fai: -ohon.
-asethov vta. motion s.o. to leave. -asthovho. He motioned to him to leave. N-asethvo. I
motioned to him to leave. Final: -ohov.Literally: away-motion.
-asetht vti. move s.t. by mouth. -asthta. He moved it with his mouth. fti: -ht. -asethta'han vai. start to tell story. -asthta'hne. He's starting to tell a story. -aseto'a'h vii. blown away by wind. -asto''ha. It was blown away by wind. -aset'a' vii. vai. fly away, fly off, blown away. for example, of paper garbage flying off the back of a
pickup on the way to the dumpster. -ast''o. It/He is flying away. Ntatoentse; nstaast''o. I'll hold on to you; you might get blown away by the wind.
-aset'a'xe vai. blown away by wind. -ast'a'xe. He was blown away by the wind. See: -asta'. -aseto'as vii. start to burn. -asto'se. It has started burning. stot''e ts'-asto'ase forest fire (lit.
pine woods where it is burning). fii: -o'as.
-aseto's'o'sahn vai. start big fire. refers to starting a forest fire or prairie fire. -asto's''shne.
He started a big fire.
-aseto'eh vta. torment s.o.; torture s.o.; pick on s.o. -asto'eeho. He picked on him. See: -asto'etahe. -aseto''e vai. punished, suffer. can refer to "catching it", for example, being whipped, chained up, not
fed right, etc. -asto''e. He is being punished / he is getting what's coming to him. Tseasto'eo'o. They will suffer. Tssanhe'xve-asto'eheheo'o. They will not suffer as much. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -ho'omenehe; -mtsstv.
-aseto'etahe
vai. start to do something. -asto'etahe. He started doing something (perhaps a ceremonial ritual). hohtsemo. I rolled the ball away.
-aset'e''h vta. push away s.o.; roll away s.o. -asst'e'o'ho. He rolled him away. N-asto'e''ho -aseto'en vti. push away s.t./s.o.; shuffle s.t./s.o. for example, to shuffle playing cards. See: -ama'ham.
N-asto'na txe'sesttse I pushed away the chair. vta. N-asto'enoo'o mhenemono I shuffled the playing cards.
-aset'eoesta'h vii. blow away. -ast'eoest'ha navhkha'e. The wind blew away my hat. -aseto'eoesta'xe vai. quickly blown away by wind. -asto'eoesta'xe. He was blown away by wind.
-aset'eohts vai. start by wagon. Msto'semo-ast'eohtshevhe ts'hks'hoxomevse They were

going to go very early in the morning to go after rations. [1987:170]
-aset'honaoohe vai. take off swimming; start swimming. noo stama'xe-as-t'honaoohhoo'o She
swam as fast as she could. [1987:291]
-aseto'hovetsnon't
vti. take away s.t. under the arm. -taaseto'hovetsnon'ta. He took it (for example, a book) away under his arm. Medial: -tsnon.
-aseto'ne' vai. take a step. -asto'ne'e. He took a step. Final: -o'ne'. -aset'toeotse
vai. vii. start to unravel. Hoxeo'o -ast'toeotse. The sock started to unravel. See: asenotse. vti. carry away s.t. in the mouth. msta-asto'tots'thhe tsto'sevho'otsvse He took things in his mouth which they might use (1987:258). hov'he
-aseto'tots't
-aseto'ts vti. start to place s.t. -ast'tse. He's starting to place it. -aseto'xe vai. leave with pack, start to carry (something). -asto'xe. He is starting to carry (something).
'-aseto'xhoono. They left with their packs. [JOURNEY.TXT] fai: -o'xe.
-asetma'xov -asetnea'ham
vai. start plowing. -astma'xva. ma'xovhoo'o He started plowing (1987:70).
He started plowing.
staosaneaset-
vta. push away s.o. by rope. -astnea'hamho. He pushed him (on a swing). Astnea'hameha! Push him (for example, on swing)! Medial: -n.
-asetneanen vai. start to make fence. -astneanne. He's starting to build a fence. -asetne' vai. start to grow. -astn'o. It (or he) is starting to grow.
vii. start to grow. -astn'o name'ko. My hair is starting to grow. See: -hne' grow.
-astnov vai. start to talk. -astnva. He started to talk. fai: -nov. -asetoo'koh vii. Final: -oo'koh.start to rain. See: -hoo'koh. -astoo'kho It started to rain. -asetoneeven vta. lead away s.o. Msta-astoneevenhetsenothe. She led him away. (1980:65:33). -asetoseme vai. flee from danger. -astoseme. He fled from danger. fai: -oseme. See: -amoseme; hetoseme; -nhtoosem'tov; -amxesta; -amxem; -aseohovohe.
-asetovaotse vii. swept away by water. -astovaotse. It was swept away by water. -asetovohts vti. wash away s.t. Mhe-astvhtsstse! Wash it all away! Medial: -ov. -asetsem1 vta. start to tell about s.o. -astsemho. He began to tell about him. -thee-astseme.
This is how the story begins. See: -hsem.
-asetsem2 vta. drag away s.o. -asstsemho. He dragged him away. -asetotm vta. carry away s.o. in the mouth. for example, a dog carrying away a rabbit in his mouth. astotomo. He carried him away in his mouth. fta: -otm.
-asetotse'ohe
vai. start to work. -astotse'ohe. He started working. Astotse'estse! Start working! See: -hotse'ohe.
-asetovs punished. Usage: fig. Naa to'se-astovse. And he's going to get it. -asetxe'stn vai. start school, begin to study. -astxe'stne. He started school. See: -mxe'stne. -asetsvheonanoohe vai. take off in a cloud of dust. that is, take off so fast that a lot of dust flies up.
-astsvheonanoohe. He took off in a cloud of dust. See: -tsvan.
-aseven vti. throw s.t./s.o. has meaning element of 'throw away' from a reference point, such as that of
the speaker; do not confuse the meaning with that of -vho'oet 'throw away, discard s.o.'. Nasevna. I threw it. vta. -asevenho. He threw him. See: -asevohe; -asta'hahts.
-asvho'h vti. turn on s.t. (with engine). esp. of turning on the engine of a vehicle. -asvh'ha. He
turned it on. Antonym: -nevho'h. See: -asvaoestho'h.
-asvho'hov
vai. start engine. of a car or other motorized vehicle. refers to person starting the vehicle. -asvho'hva. He started the engine. See: -nevho'hov.
-asvho't vii. start (of motorized vehicle). -asvh'ta. It started. htse-asvh'ta. It (car) won't
start. sa'va-asvho'thane. It would not start again. (1987:156). fii: -vho't; vti: asvho'h. See: -hotse'ht; -neoht.
-asvaoestho'h vti. turn on s.t. (with engine) quickly. esp. of turning on the engine of a vehicle. asvaoesth'ha. He turned it on quickly. Asvaoesth'hhtse! Turn it on quickly! See: asvho'h. Antonym: -nevaoestho'h.
-asevohe vai. vti. throw. This does not refer to disposing of something, but of throwing something
away from oneself. -asevohe. He threw. See: -vohe; -sevohe; -vho'oests; -aseven; sevohe.
-asevoh'tov vta. throw away s.o. -asevohnoto hohtsemono. He threw the ball (away from himself). -asevo'e' vti. push away s.t. by foot. -asevo''a. He pushed it away with his foot. -asevo'e'omev vta. chase away s.t. from s.o. N-asevo'e'omvo. I chased it away from him. -asevo'e'ov
vta. chase away s.o. -asevo'e'ovho. He chased him away. Asevo'e'veha! Chase him away! See: -astxe'ov.
-asevo'koh vti. push away s.t. (by tool). -asevo'kha. He pushed it away.Variant: -asevo'oh. -asevo'oh(n) vta. knock away s.o. by tool. -asevo'hnho. He knocked him (esp. the ball, animate)
away. ma'xe-asevo'hnho hohtsemono. He hit/knocked the ball a long ways.Variant: asevo'koh(n). Medial: -evo'; fta: -oh(n).
-asvone vii. start to make a sound, sound start. -asvone. It's starting to make a sound. -asevonehn
vai. start to crawl. -asevonhne. He started crawling. Otaxa he'htsentse stav'easevonhnnhoontse. He started crawling with just his front legs. (1987:286). fai: -vonehn. asvone.
-asvoneotse vii. sound start, start to make a sound. -asvoneotse. It's starting to make a sound. See: -asme
fai. defecate, poop, stool, feces, turd. mom'av-some. He had a bloody stool. he'konsmeo'o. They have hard stools. hvsveme-some. He has a smelly stool. See: -me'kahe; mse'ahe; -o'ehn. Notes (Phonology) assim
-ae'e fai. drink. nontov-e'e. He is drunk. von-e'e. He drank all night. Non-assimilated: -as'e. -aevaen vta. start fighting with s.o.; start warring with s.o. -aevaenho. He's starting to beat him
up. This is the same verb stem as -asevaen execept that here the first "s" has assimilated to the following "". Non-assimilated: -asevaen.
eke na. (man's name for a small animal similar to a weasel).Variant: seke. tahe p. Listen!, Look!, Attention!, Shh! attention getting particle similar to English 'look', as in 'Look
here, that's not the way it was!'.Variant: tahe. This is much less common than the tahe pronunciation.
-ta'e sfx. conjunct ending for 3rd person subject and 2nd person singular object. tsonom-ta'e the one
who called you. tshmhot-ta'e because he loved you. Notes (Phonology) iah
-ata'os
sfx. conjunct ending for 3rd person plural subject acting on 2nd person singular object. tsonom-ata'se the ones who called you. Notes (Phonology) iah
-tam fta. regard s.o. as, consider s.o. as; think so of s.o. Nphv-tmo I like him (lit. I deem him
good). Non'sem-tmo I believe him (lit. I regard him as true). fti: -tsest. See: -o't. Etymology: *-e:lem.
-tamaahe
fai. appear. mo'on-tamaahe. He appears beautiful. vhon-tamaahe. He appears beautiful. fii: -tamno'e. fii. appear. phv-atamno'e. It is pretty (especially of the environment). vhontamno'e. It is beautiful. (lit., chiefly, especially of the environment). Notes (Phonology) iah fai. laugh. See: -hohatse. han-tama'o He laughed so hard he rolled on the ground. hnht-tama'o. He leaned backwards laughing so hard. mooht-tama'o He's laughing quietly. n-atama'o He stopped laughing. mmst-tama'o He laughed so hard he defecated
-tamno'e -tamao'
(or farted?). omm-atama'o He laughed so hard he cried. ov'k-atama'o He was giggling. s'h-atama'o He woke up laughing.
-tan'tov fta. want to do s.t. to s.o. Nohkeaseotsh-tan'tova He wants to take me away (1987:310).
fai: -tan.
-atov m. smoke; fire. analysis is uncertain as to what is the first letter of this medial; one possibility is
that the first letter will be an /o/ unless the preceding initial ends in a vowel, in which case the /o/ will not be present. m'-atva. Smoke is appearing. h-atva. There is a lot of smoke. See: -o'tov (??); -he'p; -otsehe.
-atse voice. suffix indicating first person acting on second person. Notes (Phonology) has allomorph -estse
See: -estse; -e 2:1.
atshamhe p. oops; whoops; oh yes; oh dear.Variant: tshmhe. -tsest fti. regard s.t. so; Nphv-tssta. I like it. v- i. fall over. v- refers to movement falling down and over (that is, to the side or from a standing
position), while an- simply refers to movement down.
-vho'he vai. lay down from heat. -vho'he. He lay down he's so hot. fai: -aho'he. -va'hahts vti. knock over s.t. -va'hhtse. He knocked it over (for example, a fence). -va'ham vta. knock over s.o., push over s.o., throw over s.o. -va'hamho. He pushed him over/made
him fall over. See: -n'sta'ham.
-va'ham vta. push over s.o. N-va'hmo. I pushed him over. -va'
vii. vai. fall over; fall down. -v'o He fell over (for example, while walking). Mss'eva'hhe. (the tree) had fallen into the creek (1987:281). Final: -a'. See: -ana'.
-va''h vta. rape s.o. M'-va''haehevhe. She was raped by him. See: -e'ho'oh(n) rape s.o.. -va''tov
vta. fall with reference to s.o. Natxe-va'ontse ho'hon'e. I fell on top of the rock. Nn'se-va'ontse ho'hon'e. I fell over the rock. See: -hohtsee.
-va''ts vti. set s.t. over. Nta-va''tsenone! Let's set it over! -van vti. take s.t./s.o. down. -vna. He took it down.
vta. -vanho. He took him down. N-vno. I took him down.
-vanon vai. 1 take down tent. -vanne. He took his tent down. -vanonstove there is taking
down of tent poles. 2 die. Usage: fig.. See: -vvheotse; -'en'o'ts.
-vas vta. cut down s.o., fell s.o. for example, to fell (cut down) a tree. -vsho. He felled him. ve- pv. fall over; incline to one side. -veamehtse He's walking staggeringly. -vh'ta It sets tilting. -veanxvaen vta. beat s.o. until they fall over. -veanxvaenho. He beat him until he fell over. -vemas vta. shoot down s.o. -vemsho. He shot him down. -veoesta'xe vai. fall over while running. -veoesta'xe. He fell over while running. -ve'e vai. lean over. -ve'e. He's leaning over. fai: -. -veotse vai. break down in health. -veotse. He broke down in health. -vee vai. lie fallen over. -ve. He is lying fallen over. for instance, of a tree that fell over. -vevo'e' vti. knock over s.t. (with body or foot). -vevo''a He knocked it over (with his body). -vevo'en vti. knock over s.t./s.o. -vevo'na. He knocked it over.
vta. -vevo'enho. He knocked him over.
-vevo'ee vai. lie knocked over. -vevo'e. He lay knocked over. -vevo'oh(n) vta. knock down; knock over s.o. (by tool?). refers to hitting s.o. so that they fall over.
Medial: -evo'. Nma'xe-vevo'hno I really knocked him down.
-voeoesta'h vii. blown down quickly by wind. Nhe'e xhtoohketomhtnnvo vee'e 'hkevavoeoesta'hatse. Then they tried to put up the tepee, it would blow back down. Medial: -oest.
[1987:30]
-vose vai. bend over almost to the ground. -vose. He's bent over almost to the ground. fai: -osen. -voh vti. push s.t. down by tool. -vha He pushed it down by tool. -voh(n) vta. fell s.o., chop down s.o. can be of felling a tree. -vhnho. He knocked him down. Nvhno hoohtsstse. I felled a tree.
-vh'e vai. fell (trees), cut timber. -vh'e. He is felling trees. -vh'eo'o. They are felling trees.
Medial: -'(e)2.
-vo'a'xe vai. blown over. -vo'a'xe. (The tree) was blown over. Medial: -'(e). fai: -'a'xe. -vo't vii. tilted, lean. -v'ta. It's tilted. -voonah vta. starve s.o.; make s.o. fast. N-voonho I starved him/I made him fast. -voonhahtseo'o
They are fasting/they are starving themselves. Synonym: -vooneh, -voonot; vai: -vnee.
-voon
vai. fast; starve; vision quest. -vne. He is fasting. Nhhpo hee'hna mt'easevoonhhe. He ate up absolutely all of his food; he must have been almost starved. M=tshhe hotm'e nstsenhe'keov-voonema nstxtse (ov? Are we all going to starve to death in here? [1987:40] See: -voonee. Reduplicated: -ovvoone.
-vooneh vta. starve s.o.; cause s.o. to fast. See: -vooneh. N-vnho I made him fast. vn'e na. Fasting Woman, Starving Woman. -voone'e vai. fast standing, stand fasting. This is a traditional form of self-imposed fasting, which
typically involved standing at one spot an entire day, sometimes looking at the sun from morning until evening. -vn'e. He's fasting standing. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -.
-voonee
vai. lie fasting. used esp. to refer to ceremonial fasting, such as at Bear Butte, SD. vne. He fasted. tssth-vnse when he went on a vision quest (VISION.TXT:1). Notes (Phonology) hle or are these pitches phonemic? See: -voon.
voonenahttse ni. fasting. -voonot vta. starve s.o. N-vnto. I starved him. [Croft] vai: -voonee; Synonym: -vooneh. -ax fti. cut. a't-xa. He accidentally cut it. fta: -as. -axaa'hm na. sister (of male); sister-in-law (of female). This word is used for a man's sister, a
man's brother's wife, a woman's brother's wife, or a woman's husband's sister. na-axaa'hme my sister (male speaking)/my sister-in-law (woman speaking). he-axaa'hemo his sister; her sister-in-law. na-axaa'hemasstse Sisters (man's)! (voc.). vai: -he-axaa'heme.
-axaehe vai. camp hunting. -axaeheo'o. They are camped while hunting. [1987:251] fai: -ehe. -xxva'hahts vti. 1 ring s.t. (esp. a bell). -xxv'hhtse. He rang it.
2 fig., be boss (??).
-xxva'ham
vta. 1 ring s.o. as bell. Oha ntaohkhne'ena ta'se -phvhne'ena ts'hkheexxva'hame hne xxvo. All I remember real well is that the bell was always rung. [1987:190] 2 telephone s.o. perhaps originated with the action of handcranked telephones, or, later, as a
loan trans. from English 'to give s.o. a ring').
-xxva'hasen vai. jingle. that is, making a jingling sound. -xxva'hasne. He's jingling. axxva'haseo'o ni. bell.Variant: xxvo. The older term appears to be xxvo. -xxvan vta. ring s.o. (by hand?). Nsta-xxvantse. I'll give you a ring. ?? -xxvaohts vai. walk with jingling bells. -xxvhtse. He's walking with his bells jingling. This
used to be said of people who would walk to the dance hall with their dancing clothes on, including dancing bells. The bells would jingle as they walked.
xxvo ni. bell.Pl: xxvontse ??. Variant: axxva'haseo'o. -xxvo'han vai. bells on shoes. -xxvo'hna. He has bells on his shoes.
-xxvo'tan vai. wear a bell, bell wear. refers to wearing a bear around the neck, as some cows do.
-xxvo'tna. He's wearing a bell. IndepNoun: xxvo. See: -he-xxvone; ho'ota.
-xxvone vii. ring (as bell). -xxvone It (esp. bell) has a ringing sound/it is ringing. axe- i. scratch. N-axena I scratched it by hand. N-axeno I scratched him by hand. -axeehtse He
scratched. N-axexa I scratched it by cutting. N-axenha I scratched it by tool.
axe na. land monster. similar to rhinoceros. Usage: obsolescing.Pl: xeho. Obviative: xeho. Etymology: cf.
PA *peiwa lynx; bobcat; cf. PA *peehkiwa wood buffalo.
axee- i. scratch. -axee'pa'onn vta. scratch back of s.o. -axee'pa'onano. He scratched his (someone else's) back. -axee'pa'onxe vai. scratch back. one's own back, for example, by rubbing against a wall corner. Naxee'pa'onxe. I'm scratching my back. BodyPartMedial: -'pa'on.
-axeen vti. scratch s.t. -axena. He scratched it (for example, to relieve itching).
vta. scratch s.o. -axeenahtse. He's scratching himself. ma've-axeenahtse. He scratched himself until he was bloody. See: -hthan.
-axeeohts vai. scratch. -axeehtse. He's scratching. See: -netoeohts itch. -axeesn vta. scratch nose of s.o. -axeesnahtse. He's scratching his (own) nose. -axestaem vai. scratch nits. -axestama. He's scratching (his) nits. -axeestaemohts vai. head itch. N-axeestaemhtse My head is itching (from head lice). -axeee vai. scratch. for example, to scratch youself (because you itch) on something, such as the corner
of a door. -axee. He's scratching (himself on something).
xeetoo''has'o ni. fishhook. See: nonn'e. -axeetoo'''h vta. hook s.o. -axeetoo''o'ho He caught him on the barb of a hook. -axenoh vti. scratch s.t. by tool. -axenha. He scratched it by tool. -axenoh(n) vta. scratch s.o. with a tool. -axenhnho. He's scratching him with some tool (such as a
stick). -axenhestse. He's scratching himself. can refer to a dog scratching itself or a person scratching with a back scratcher.
-axenhomo'he vai. esp. from mange. -axenhomo'he. He (esp. dog) is scratching. See: -axeen. -axenhon vai. play guitar. This word comes from the image of a dog scratching itself. -axenhne.
He's playing a guitar.
axenhonesttse ni. guitar, back scratcher. Usage: neologism. xeohva

na. catfish.Literally: monster?-animal Obviative: xeohovhne. See: axe. (barbed-animal?). Pl: xeohovhne.
E-e
-e sfx. word-final (??) epenthetic vowel added to some verbs or nouns. mheonts-e houses. tshmans-e
when he drank.
-e num. singular noun suffix. men-e berry (cf. mentse 'berries'). nama'kaatam-e my money. -e
voice. local TA suffix indicating second person subject acting on first person object. Nphvevsthem-e. You helped me in a good way. N'ahtov-e! (You pl.) listen to me! N'ahtov-stse (You sg.) listen to me!
- pro. obviative suffix. ksn-e (< /kosn -/) sheep. -e sfx. FTI. V'hoohtom-e! Take it/them (said to more than one person)! Hestanom-eo'o! Take it/them
then! See: -om.
-e voice. unspecified person acting on a third person, passive. vom-e. He was seen. -e fai. sit. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -hoo'e. nomene-e'e He drank sitting. mane-e'e He drank sitting.
nmene-e'e He sang sitting. msh'hanaa'-e He ate sitting. hoenaa'-e He prayed sitting. hhta'hanee-'e He sat telling stories. ne-eo'o They are riding double.
- num. animate noun plural suffix. See: /-o/; /-t/. hovhn-e < /hovhn-/ animals. ksn-e < /kosn-/
sheep (pl).
- cjt. conjunct prefix which functions as a complementizer for verbs of wondering 'whether' or 'if'.
Usage: obsolescing. seems to require a following preverb, esp. he'- or me'-. xhe'hketnethom'hvtse however they did that dance. hne'na -me'thevevo He knows what I should do. mstato'senheetotxematan'tovhevovhe -me'vhehestanovse They wanted to talk about it that way, how they would get them back (1987:52). Taxa'e, hnov'nse -me'tameto? Let's see, what could I give him? (1987:184). Naa hnova'ttsnse -me'tameto? Now what could I give him? naa me'nenhso neme'ko me'nhnvho'htsnove Even if your head is like that, just come on back home. (1987:296).
the 'whether' preverb - may contain this prefix also (it takes past tense as '-): Nsahne'enhe to'semanstse I don't know if (whether) he's going to drink. Nonsttssta hetmo I'm testing it to see if it's true. hp' ''-naotsstse mxhestamaehevhe likewise, "(I don't know) whether he is asleep," she was wondering about him (1980:66:73). See: ts-.
- sfx. locative suffix. mhen-e at the house. mn-e on the road. o'h'-e at the river. ma'hhkheom'e
at the old people's lodge. See: -v.
-e sfx. abstract AI verb final. Nhevkem-e. I have a grandmother. mseh-e. He's eating. - theme. TI object agreement. Nho'eotssts-e. I brought it. Nmansts-e. I made it. See: - FTI. - pro. third person prefix. There is no gender marked on the pronoun prefixes of Cheyenne. So the first
example, below, can mean either 'He ate (or, is eating)' or 'She ate (or, is eating).'. -msehe. He (or She) ate. -msheo'o They ate. -tonto. It is cold. Etymology: cf. O wiin he (pronoun) (N). See: he-4 3PS.
-e
num. TA conjunct participle suffix for plural object. tsvomse-e'e those (an) who you (pl) see. tsmhototse-e'e those (an) who we love. for greater effectVariant: aa.
aa p. wow; my! male exclamation. See: noo female exclamation. Notes (Phonology) may be lengthened -ee voice. inverse suffix for TA verb stems ending in -h(n). Ntaevh-eene He measured us (incl). e- pv. around. Tsa'e ma'-e'ameohtseto m'etan'tovoo'o ma'heo'o! No matter where you are; remember
God! N-etnve? What have you been doing? Notes (Phonology) contraction of ve-
-e
voice. inverse voice suffix for TA verbs with stems ending in -h(n) and third person plural or obviative subject. See: -'e. Ntaevh-'e. They measured me. taevh-'e. He was measured by him/them. Antonym: - DIR.
eee p. hey, doubt, disclaimer. This exclamation typically serves as a putdown of someone, expressing
doubt in them or in what they said. See: he'he; home-.
-ehahts vti. sharpen s.t. See: eohthotsstse. -hhtse He sharpened it (for example, a blade). vai: ehasen.
-ehasen vai. sharpen. -ehasne. He sharpened. [PD477] vti: -ehahts; IndepNoun: ehas'o. ehas'o
na. sharpening stone, whetstone, file. See: eohthohtsstse; 'sena.Literally: sharpener. vai: -ehasen.
-eehe fai. move camp. e'-eehe. He moved camp up. Eam-eehe. He moved camp along. ho'-eehe. He
arrived moving camp. hesehe. He moved camp to the ridge. M'hkevho'enemeneehhevhe vo'staneo'o. The people used to go on berrypicking camping trips. [1987:287]Variant: -ehe. See: -ve'e camp. Etymology: cf. M peme:kosew.
eh'e na. Camps All Over Woman. -ee'e fna. feather; quill. See: -men. hekvets-ee'e porcupine quill. Notes (Phonology) vs -en fai. snow. nha'-na. He was caught by the snow. hto'-na. He was buried under the snow.
nhp-na. He was snow-bound. See: -ho't; -t; -ov.
-eoha'ov vta. dunk s.o., submerse s.o. -eoha'ovho. He submersed him. -eohov vai. running not to be caught. -eohva. He's running so as not to be caught. See: -ohov. -eotse vai. dive under. -eotse. He dove (under the water). Etymology: O googii (N) (corresp.?). See: ohts. Naa hts-eotsvosstse m'hketeno'ma'xepoo'henhevhe hom'e. And when
beavers dive they make a tremendous clap. (1987:277).
ese- i. talk. ve-eseeo'o They are standing talking. vai: -estse. -esoo'e vai. sit talking, talk sitting. -esoo'e. He is sitting talking. -estse vai. speak. -estse. He is speaking. The difference between -estse and -ne'hnov is that estse is more purposeful, organized speaking, such as a speech that someone gives, while ne'hnov is talking/chatting, less organized speaking. The final -'an refers to the mechanics of speaking, such as pronunciation. -nestse refers to speaking a particular language. ma'xeestse. He's longwinded. oseeha'e-estse. He spoke for a very long time. nma''e-estse. He's talking in circles; he's talking above our heads. vta: -estsstov; Initial: ese-. See: ne'hnov talk; -heve say; -het say to s.o.; -estsstov; -'an pronounce; -nestse speak a language; -hnov talkative. Etymology: *kiikitowa.
-ests't vti. speak s.t., tell s.t. Naa htsetseha hne ta'se nhhe ntho'-ests'ta. And that is as far as I
can tell it now. (1987:100).
estshts'e na. Talks While Going Woman. -estseotse

vai. speak up. for example, when someone speaks up to try to stop an argument. estseotse. He spoke up.
-estsstomev vta. tell s.t. to s.o. N-estsstomvo. I told something to him. -estsstomsan vai. interpret. -estsstomsne. He interpreted. Final: -san. See: -estsstsan; estsstomtxev.
estsstomsanhe na. interpreter. See: estsstomtxevahe.Pl: estsstomsanheo'o. -estsstomtah vta. speak for (instead of) s.o., interpret for. seems to be able to be extended to mean
'represent s.o.'. See: -vsthtohe; -nhestomtah. -estsstomthho He interpreted for/spoke on behalf of him (for example, a mute).
-estsstomtxev vai. interpret; speak for. can refer to speaking for people who cannot speak for
themselves, such as mutes. See: -estsstomsan. -estsstomtxva. He interpreted.
estsstomtxevhe
na. interpreter.Literally: speak Pl: estsstomtxevheo'o.
for-person.
Variant: estsstomsanhe.
-estsstsan vai. talk; speak to people (esp. as in teaching). -estsstsne. He's talking, lecturing
(to people). phve-estsstsne. He (for example, a preacher) speaks well (to you). fai: san.Variant: -estsstsan. See: -estsstomsan.
-estsstsan vai. talk to people, speak to people (esp. as in teaching). -estsstsne. He's talking,
lecturing (to people). ohkethee-estsstsaneo'o tshtaa'hahese. This is the way the older people talk (to you). (1987:216). fai: -san.Variant: -estsstsan. See: -estsstomsan.
-estsstseoneve vai. be instructed; spoken to. -estsstseoneve He's been instructed. estsesttse ni. saying, word, talk. See: xo-. vai: -estse.Pl: estsstottse. estsesttse ts'semahtove vii. telegraph. ts'oome.Literally: talk where-(it.is)-away-sent.
See: hhta'han-ma'kaata; ma'kaata
-estsstov vta. speak to s.o. See: -het. -estsstovho He spoke to him. -estsstheo'o ka'kneho.
The children are talked to. Ntavh-eestsstvo. I apologized to him. (apology is implied; lit., I went back and talked to him).
-estsstov vai. speak; talk. built on the root -estse and seems to have something of a specialized
meaning beyond it ?? phve-estsstva. He spoke well. Final: -ov. See: -estse; -nov.
-estse vai. lie speaking. -estse. He's speaking while lying. -estsev vta. speak for s.o. N-estsvo I spoke for him. See: -estsstomtah.
estsvhnesttse
ni. alphabet.Literally: speaking-sign (language). Usage: neologism. Final: -ohn. See: vhnesttse. am-etootse. The snow storm went by. Medial: -en snow. See: -oo'koh rain.
-t fii. snow. ho'-to. It is snowing. n-to. It quit snowing. v's-to. The snow is falling fast. -h sfx. possessed noun plural suffix. nema'kaathkon-hantse our (incl) buckets. -eha
m. shoe(s), moccasin(s). E'-h'htse! Put your shoes on! naa ts'enthve-eha'vse mo'eha/mo'k-eha moccasin/shoe. phvo'k-hna He has good shoes. vhp-ha. It is empty (for example, a post office box). fai: -ee; fti: -ehahts; fta: -eem. See: -h. Etymology: *-h0en(e).
-eh fii. fall; lie. meaning can be more abstract than English 'fall' or 'lie'. -amha. It is written (down).
-eha sfx. imperative suffix commanding a singular address to act upon a third person. V'hoom-eha!
Look at him! See: -ha.Pl: -nano.
-ehahts fti. cause s.t. to lie, set s.t. Evhp-hhtse. He emptied it. (lit. he-empty-lie.cause-it). fii: -eh;
fai: -ehasen, -e; fta: -eem.
-ham m. husband. anhem-hma She has a good husband. Feminine: -'v. -hame na. husband (poss.). na-hame my husband. he-hme her husband. tshe-hamto the one who
is my husband. tshe-hamstovstse the one who is husband. Usage: This form is largely replaced by tsvstoemo 'the one who is my spouse,' etc. Women today often laugh when they hear this word because this root is now used as a verb for a woman having sex.. Etymology: cf. M waye:wet the husband. vai: -he-ham; Feminine: -htse'eme. See: he''hame; -vstoem; hame.
hane na. our (inclusive) father. See: -hh. -ehasen

fai. position things, set things. v-hasne. He scattered things / made a mess. hxovhasne. He put something across. fii: -eh; fti: -ehahts.
-ehe vai. move camp. Nto'sethe'-ehe. I'm going to move over there.Variant: -eehe. hvo na. your (plural) father. See: -hh. -ehn fai. walk. Etymology: *-oh0e:; cf. M -ohnaew (cf. Ch. -vehn). am-hne He's walking along.
There are several movement finals. One scale along which they can be classified may be rapidity of motion. Our first guess as to arrangement of AI finals along this scale, from slowest motion to most rapid is: -ohe; -ehn; -ohts; -o'hotse; -a'xe ??. All these appear to refer to movement along a surface. Movement of self through space includes finals -a' 'fall'(?); -'h 'fly'. Other movement finals are /-oh'he/ 'dance'; -eehe 'move camp'. See: -hn.
eho na. your father. Stem: -hh. -ehht fti. at s.t., to s.t., approach s.t. ho'-hhta. He arrived at it. Ntanhts-hhtanone! Let's come
near it! fta: -eht.
-ehoht vti. curse s.t. -ehhta. He put a curse on it. vta: -ehom. -ehom vta. curse s.o. refers to putting a curse on s.o., not to swearing or pronouncing vulgarities at s.o.
-ehomho. He cursed him/he put a spell on him. M'-ehomhevhe. He must have put a curse on him. tav'e-ehomsesto vo'stanho tshne'etnst'too'se They put a curse on someone that comes against them. [1987:211] vai: -ehone.
-ehon
vai. put a curse on. -ehne. He put a curse on (someone). Ts-ehonstse ohkevho'htaense heehonesttse. The one who curses, his curse comes back on him(self). (a cultural belief). vta: -ehom. See: -ehosan.
ehonesttse ni. curse. -ehonevma'o'e

vii. be condemned land.Literally: cursed-ground. The U.S. government has condemned some land, usually to free it for some public use, and this is the term the Cheyennes use to refer to such land. -ehonevma'o'e. It's condemned land.
-ehosan vai. put curses (on people). -ehsne. He puts curses (on people). vai: -ehom. See: -ehon. ehosanesttse ni. witchcraft.
-eht fta. at s.o.; to s.o. taa'va msto'ses-htaehevovhe At night he was going to come into (their
tepee). (1987:333). mxho'-htaehevhe sevone A buffalo came to them (1987:307). ho'evonhoto He arrived at him by crawling. mhma'xemhe-ehtaehevovhe ntx-v'h'e so the soldiers gathered to come after (attack) them (1987:44). Ntanhts-htone ma'heo'o Let us come near God! (Hymn 5). nsevon-hoto. He crawled up to him. N-ho'hto. I went to him. fti: -ehht.
-'hahtxe vai. fall and break foot, break foot falling. -'hahtxe. He fell and broke his foot. -'ahe vai. 1 be broken. -'ahe. He's broken. Synonym: -o'e'ahe, -o'e'e't.
2 be broke. that is, be out of money. Usage: fig.. -'ahe. He's broke. N-'ahe. I'm broke. Usage: probably a loan transl. from English, but widely known, and also used in Indian sign language.. vii: -e'. See: -he-ma'kaataem.
-e'a'no'ham vai. drive up. -e'a'no'hme. He's driving up (a hill). fai: -a'no'ham. -e'a'e vai. lie with head up. -e'a'e. He lay with head up. -'a'hahts vti. break s.t. for example, cuts Cheyenne words short when speaking. ohke-'a'hhtse
h'tva. He sometimes cuts it short. See: -e'a'hahts throw s.t. up.
-e'a'hahts vti. throw s.t. up. -'a'hhtse. He threw it up. See: -'a'hahts break s.t.. -e'a'ham vta. throw s.o. up. -e'a'hamho. He threw him up. for instance, to throw s.o. on top of a
house. See: -he'ama'ham. fta: -a'ham.
-e'a'haso'he
vai. ride horse uphill. -e'a'haso'he. He rode up the hill on horseback. Initial: e'(e)-; fai: a'has'he. vai. go broke. Usage: fig.. -''o. He went broke. See: -e'a'.
-'a' vii. snap, break quickly. -e'a' vai. jump on. E''htse! Jump on! See: -e'evonehn climb up; -'a' snap; -he'ama' fly up. -'a'xe vai. break s.o. by wind. -'a'xe. The wind broke him. -e'a'xe vai. jump uphill, run uphill. -e'a'xe. He ran up. tshnhmhaem'e-e'a'xvse as they appeared
running uphill. [1987:22] Initial: e'-; fai: -a'xe. See: -e'e'o'hotse. Etymology: cf. M espae:qsew.
-e'an vti. vta. put s.t./s.o. up (by hand). N-e'no. I got him up (there). -'an vta. 1 break s.t./s.o.
2 break s.o. financially. Usage: fig.; loan transl. from English. -'anho. He broke him
money-wise.
-'ax vti. cut s.t. -'xa. He cut it. -e'

fna. woman. See: h'e. mn-'e bride (lit. new-woman). Hothk-'e Star Woman. Etymology: *-
e0kwe:w.
-e' mbp. liver. See: he'e. e'(e)- i. up; upward; uphill. -e'homo'he He danced up. -e'ose He floated up. -e'a'haso'he. He rode
uphill on horseback. -e'evonhne He climbed up. -e'eehe He moved camp uphill. pv. up; upward; uphill. -e'eka'a'xstse Jump up (for example, on board on car)! See: he'ama.
-'ea'ons vta. cut s.o. at the shin. N-'ea'onso I cut him at the shin. BodyPartMedial: -a'on. -'ea'onxe vai. fall and break shinbone, break shin from falling. -'ea'onxe. He fell and broke his
shinbone (tibia).
e'eehsto -'eehe
ni. vine. Usage: not widely Pl: e'eehstnstse. See: vkee'stse.
known today.Literally: lying up against thing ??.
vta. hung. Some Cheyennes were hanged to death, as capital punishment by the U.S. government. -'eehe. He was hung (for example, died from a hangman's hanging). vta: -'eet. See: -e'eehe move camp uphill. Final: -eehe. See: -'eehe hung; -e'ehn walk up.
-e'eehe vai. move camp uphill. -e'eehe. He moved camp up (for example, up into the hills). Initial: e'-;
-e'eeheohe vai. come up hill. Mstho'-e'eeheohevhe nhe tsvstoemose he'ho. His wife came up the
hill. (Stamper 1991:8-10).
-'ees vai. broken nose. -'ese. He has a broken nose. -'eesh(n) vta. break nose of s.o. N-'eeshno I broke his nose (broke him at the nose). -'ees's vta. cut s.o.'s nose. N-'ees'so I cut his nose. -'eese vai. break nose from falling, fall and break nose. -'eee. He fell and broke his nose. Notes
(Phonology) often has s > assimilation See: -'eee; -peeee.
-'eet vta. hang s.o. -'eetahtse. He hung himself. See: -e'kotseet hang s.o. by the neck; -hoesem1 hang
up s.o..
-e'eh vii. lead up. -e'ha. It's leading up (for example, as a ladder leads a person up). vti: -e'hahts. 'hht'e na. Broken Foot Woman. -e'hahts vti. place s.t. up; put up s.t. -e'hahts e'evonh'e He put up the ladder (that is, set it up for
climbing). [STORIES.TXT]
-e'ha' vai. put on shoes (or moccasins). -e'h'o. He put his (own) shoes on. E'h'htse! Put your
shoes on! ovtonsne-e'h'o. He put his shoes on backwards. See: -eha. Antonym: -n'to'; vta: -e'ha''h.
-e'ha''h vta. put on shoes (or moccasins) on s.o. N-e'ha''ho I put shoes on him. Synonym: -e'ha'n. -e'ha''tov vta. 1 put on shoes (or moccasins) with reference to s.o.
2 fig., wake up early. Nno'e-e'ha'ontse vhe. I also put on my shoes with the morning star.
(idiom meaning "I got up (from bed) early").
-e'ha'n vta. put shoes on s.o. E'ha'neha! Put his shoes on! Synonym: -e'ha''h. -'he'on vai. break hand. -'he'na. He broke his hand. -'he'onxe
vai. break hand from falling. -'he'onxe. He broke his hand from falling. BodyPartMedial: -he'on.
-'hev'sn vti. break tail of s.o. -'hev'sna. He broke the tail of it. See: -po'hev'sn. -'hev'se
vai. break tailbone from falling. -'hev'se. He fell and broke his tailbone. BodyPartMedial: -hev's. See: -e'eohe.
-e'ehn vai. walk up. naa nhe'e nthse-e'hnme then we went up(stairs) (1987:43). Final: -ehn. -e'hohts vai. tracks go up. -e'hhtse. His tracks go up. Final: -hohts. -'e' vti. break s.t. by foot (or kicking). -''a. He broke it by foot. vta: -'e'ov. See: -'n; -'e'o'ts; 'evo'e'.
-e'e'tam vta. consider s.o. untrustworthy; mistrust s.o. This can refer to how care-givers regard those
in their care as not being careful enough about danger. They are careless and carefree, wreckless. -e'e'tamho. He does not trust him.
-e'e'tamno'e vii. dangerous. for example, of a creek, water, or an icy road. -e'e'tamno'e. It is
dangerous. Notes (Phonology) iah See: -'e'ma'o'.
-'e'etan vai. feel leery. -'e'etno. He feels leery. -e'e'h vai. fly up. -e''ha. He flew up. See: -he'ame'h. Initial: e'-; Final: -e'h. Etymology: *epi'le:wa
'he flies high'.
-e'e'hoohe vai. fly up. -e'e'hoohe. He flew up. -'e'ohe

vai. chopped down. for example, of a tree. -'e'ohe. He (a tree) was chopped down. Reduplicated: -e'e'ohe; vta: -'oh(n)2. See: 'heo'o.
-e'e'hov vta. motion s.o. up. -e'e'hovho. He motioned him up. -e'e'o'hotse
vai. run uphill. Nhe'e nstxtse nhtams-e'e'o'hotsme. Then all of us rushed forward running up the hill (at the Battle of the Little Big Horn).
-'e''h vta. break s.o. -'e'o'ho. He broke him. N-'e'o'hamho hemokno. I broke his finger. vti: 'e''ts.
-'e''ts
vti. break s.t. See: 'en-; -pevo'hahtse; -o'xeotse. -'e''tse. He broke it. N-'e''tse namotke. I broke my knife. N-'e''tvo hemotke. I broke his knife. Nstav'e-'e''tse! Don't break it! Nta-'e''tsenone! Let's take a break! (new idiom, not commonly used; loan transl.; lit. Let's break it!). vta: -'e''h. -navoma'o'.
-'e'ma'o' vii. scary area.Literally: broken-ground. -'e'ma''e. It's a scary area. See: -e'e'tamno'e; -'e'ov vta. break s.o. -'e'ovho. He broke him. vti: -'e'. -'e'pa'onhn
vta. break back of s.o. -'e'pa'onahno. He broke his (another person's) back. BodyPartMedial: -'pa'on; vai: -'e'pa'on.
-'e'pa'on'ov vta. break back of s.o. by kicking. -'e'pa'on'ovho. He kicked him in the back and
broke it. BodyPartMedial: -'pa'on; vai: -'e'pa'on.
-'e'pe'ov vta. break rib(s) of s.o. This can be by kicking or body action. -'e'pe'ovho. He broke his
(other person's) ribs. BodyPartMedial: -'pa'on.
-'e'pe vai. fall and break rib(s). -'e'pe. He fell and broke his rib(s). BodyPartMedial: -e'p. -'e'e vai. whistle. -'e'e. He whistled. vta: -'e'etsstov. Etymology: *kwiikwehwiwa. -'e'enon'
vai. whistle while standing. -'e'enone'e. He whistled standing. fai: -non, -. Notes (Phonology) vs
'e'esttse ni. whistle.Pl: 'e'stottse. See: thpeno flute. -'e'tsstov vta. whistle to s.o. for example, to call him. N-'e'tsstvo I whistled to him. Kse'he
-'e'tsst'e. The young woman was whistled at by him (for example, to get her attention).
e''ta na. blue thrush.Pl: e'e'thne. Obviative: e'e'thne. -'emenxe vai. fall and break collarbone. -'emenxe. He fell and broke his collarbone. Medial: men.
-e'emohe vai. run uphill. -e'emohe. He ran uphill. fai: -mohe. -'en vti. break s.t./s.o. by hand. See: -'e'o'ts. -'na. He broke it by hand.
vta. -'enho. He broke him by hand. Nstsev'e-'na he'ko hotm'e Don't break a bone
indoors (esp. to get marrow out). (If you do you might break your leg. This is a cultural taboo.
-'ena'va vai. broken off arm, cut off arm. -'ena'va. He has a broken off (or cut off) arm. (Or, He
(for example, shirt, animate) is cut off at the arm.).
-'ena'vxe vai. break arm from fall. -'ena'vxe. He fell and broke his (own) arm. -'enstan's vta. cut s.o. at the knee. N-'enstan'so I cut him at the knee. -'enotovah(n) vta. chop off head of s.o. -'enotovahno. He chopped his head off (for example, when
slaughtering a chicken).
-'enotov's vai. cut off head of s.o. can refer to slitting throat or even cutting off one's head. 'enotova'so. He cut his head off. 'enotov'xeha! Cut his head off! Medial: -notov.
-'enotovxe vai. break neck falling, fall and break neck. -'enotovxe. He fell and broke his neck.
BodyPartMedial: -notov.
-'eoh' vti. step on and break s.t. by body, for example, can also refer to sitting on a chair and
breaking it. -'eoh'a He broke it. -'eoh'antse hestse'kontse He broke his legs.
-e'eohe vai. go up. for example, upstairs. Nhtavho'e-e'eohe. I went back up (the hill). Ta-e'eoestse!
Go right up there! Final: -ohe. See: -e'ehn.
-e'eohovoohe vai. flee up. -e'eohovoohe. He's fleeing up. for example, to flee up a mountain. -'ehts vta. cut off leg of s.o. -'ehtsho. He cut off his leg. -'ehtaxe. His leg was cut off. See: 'ehtxen broke leg.
-'ehtxe vai. break leg. -'ehtxe. He broke his leg. -e'eohts vai. walk up. -e'ehtse. He walked up. (for example, the hill). [1987:260]
-'es vai. break finger. -'ese. He has a broken finger.Variant: -'ks. BodyPartMedial: -s. -'eoe vai. fall and break nail, break nail falling. -'eoe. He fell and broke his nail. of either a
fingernail or toenail.
-'eotse vai. vii. broken. -'eotse. He got broken/it got broken. Namo'eko -'eotse. My finger broke.
Reduplicated: -o'e'eotse.
-e'eotseh vta. take up s.o. (for example, up a hill). N-eeotsho I took him up. [1987:264] 'se p. half of. See: taa''se. 'se 'amstsemhtshoo'o. Half of himself he was dragging. [1987:286] -'sthtonna
vai. Medial: -hthtonon.have a broken spine. -'sthtonna. He has a broken
spine (backbone).
-'sta'n's vta. cut umbilical cord of s.o. -'stane'so. She cut his umbilical cord. -'stan'sho.
(younger person pronounciation). BodyPartMedial: -hta'n. Usage: obsolescing. See: hsta'he.
-'stan'e'tovohe vai. cut umbilical cord of babies. -'stan'e'tovohe. She (for example, midwife)
cuts the umbilical cords of babies. Medial: -hta'n; Final: -vohe.
-'statamon vai. Medial: -htatamon.have a broken shoulder. -'statamna He has a broken

shoulder.
-'statamonee
falling.
vai. break shoulder from falling. -'statamone. He broke his shoulder from
-'statseonxen vai. Medial: -htatseon.fall and break shoulderblade. -'statseonxe He fell and
broke his shoulderblade.
-e'sto'haha -'sto'on
vai. put on gloves. -e'sto'haha. He put gloves on. E'sto'haahtse! Put your gloves on!Variant: -e'eto'haha. See: -n'sto'haha. vai. Medial: -hto'on.have a broken jaw, have a broken chin. -'sto'na He has a
broken chin/jaw.
-'sto'onxen vai. fall and break jaw. N-'sto'onxe? I broke my jaw. Medial: -hto'on. -'sts'oonxe vai. fall and break elbow, break elbow falling. -'sts'oonxe. He fell and broke his
elbow. BodyPartMedial: -hts'oon.
-'stsstonotse vai. break ankle, ankle - break. -'stsstonotse. He broke his ankle. -'stsstonxe vai. fall and break ankle, break ankle falling. -'stsstonxe. He fell and broke his
ankle.
-e'ee vai. lie on an incline, lean up. -e'e. He lay on an incline. For instance, of a tree leaning up. See: a'kee.
-'ee vai. lie broken. for example, of a tree. -'e. He's lying broken. -''es 'eo'o
vai. point rump. 'hketo'sethee-''sesto tsxhoo'se. (The skunk; obv.) was gonna
swing his rump toward (the man). [1987:282]

na. block of wood.Literally: cut thing. Pl: 'eono. AlternatePlural: 'eontse. may be inanimate for some speakers. See: 'heo'o chip.
-'onxe vai. break hip by falling. -'onxe. He fell and broke his hip. -'kht vai. have a broken leg. -'khta. He has a broken leg. -'khtavo'emas vta. break leg of s.o. through shooting. M'e'-'khtavo'emxhhe. His leg was
broken from the gunshot. [1987:191] fta: -emas.
-'khtavo'oh(n) vta. break leg of s.o. N-'khtavo'hno. I broke his leg(s). -'khtxe
vai. fall and break leg. -'khtxe. He fell and broke his leg. BodyPartMedial: -hkht.
[1987:109]
'ks'e na. Broken Finger Woman. -'ks vai. broken finger. -'kse. He has a broken finger.Variant: -'es. BodyPartMedial: -hks. -'ksh(n) vta. break inger(s) of s.o. N-'kshno. I broke his finger(s).
-'ks's vta. cut finger of s.o. -'kse'so. He cut his finger. Etymology: cf. M kiiskekasiisosow 'he
cut his nails'.
-e'etan vai. cautious, afraid. for instance, not afraid to climb a tall tree. -e'etno. He's afraid. sa'e'etanhe. He's not afraid / not cautious. E'etnhtse! Be careful! / Be cautious! See: -e'thtahe; e'se-1.
-e'eto'haha vai. put on gloves. E'eto'haahtse! Put your gloves on!Variant: -e'sto'haha. -'etsnon vai. Medial: -tsnoon.have a broken wing. -'etsnna. He has a broken wing. -'etsnoonmas vta. shoot and break wing of s.o. M-'etsnoonmxhhe. He (bird) must have been
shot and gotten a broken wing.
-'evo'hahts -'evo'e'
vti. break s.t. through falling. -'evo'hhtse. He broke it through a fall. N'evo'hhtse na'ahtse. I fell and broke my arm. Medial: -evo'. vti. break s.t. -'evo''a. He broke it. N-'evo''a nhtse'ko. I fell and broke my leg. Medial: -evo'. 2 break s.o. in a card game. Usage: fig.. naa hne 'ometaa'va a'e n-'evo'kh'e But the
-'evo'koh(n) vta. 1 break s.o.

other night they broke me right away (1987:397).
-e'evonehn vai. climb up; climb on; climb aboard. See: -amevonehn. -e'evonhne. He climbed up.
E'evonhnstse! Get on! (for example, invitation to get in a car). E'evonhne! Get on! (said to more than one person). Ta-e'evonhnstse! Go get on! Th-e'evonhnstse! Go get on! maato n'e'evonhnstse! Get in the front (for example, of the car)! Nth-e'evonhnmne! Let's go climbing! Synonym: -txevonehn; Final: -vonehn. See: -e'a'.
-e'evoneohe vai. climb up. -e'evoneohe. He climbed up. 'hkevhse-e'evoneohesstse. She would
get back on (the travois). (1987:26). fai: -voneohe. See: -e'evonehn.
-e'evonh'an vai. make steps. -e'evonh'ne. He's making steps. 'evonh'o

ni. ladder; steps; stairway.Literally: crawl.up.thing. vai: -e'evonehn.Pl: 'evonh'ontse. Oblique: 'evonh'va. See: hxovh'enesttse.
e'evonh'ne loc. on the ladder. -'ex vti. cut s.t. -'xa. He cut it. -'xomovo hestssta'he. She cut his umbilical cord. vta: -'es. 'xonh'o ni. scraper. See: s'senh'o; mnhtsstse. -'xonoh(n) vta. peel s.o. by tool. -'xonhnho. He peeled him (for example, a tree) by tool. See: 'xo'oh(n).
-'xov vai. saw. -'xva. He sawed. See: -'xv. 'xovahttse ni. saw. 'xovhtva
loc. Billings, Montana.Literally: at.sawing.place. so named because of sawmills previously there.
'xovx'o ni. peeler. -e'h vta. fear s.o.; afraid of s.o. -e'hho. He is afraid of him. ohkeve-e'heo'o v'kshemstaeo'o. Owls
are feared. N-e'ha. He is afraid of me (cf. na-e'ha 'my son'). vti: -e't. See: e'se-1; -e'vaen; e'thtahe; -e'hahtov. Etymology: *nekwe'0ekwa he is afraid of me.
-e'ha na. son (poss.). na-e'ha my son. na-e'haho my sons. n-e'ha my son (voc.) (phonetically identical
with n-e'ha 'I'm afraid of him'). ne-e'ha your son. ne-e'hahevo your (plural) son. he-e'haho his/her son(s). he-e'hahevho their son(s). vai: -he-e'hahe have a son. See: -tsnota. Etymology: cf. *wekwi's-.
-e'h fai. fly. am-'ha. He is flying (along). v-'ha. He is flying around. He'hoohe Flyingout. -e'hahamon na. nephew; stepson. he-e'hahamono his nephew(s). -e'hahe m. voice. phv-e'hahe. He has a nice voice. vhp-e'hahe. He has a low voice. mo''xoe'hahe. He has a hoarse voice (lit. rough-voice). he-e'hahe. He has such a voice. ns-e'hahe. His voice died down (for example, after he had been shouting). h-e'hahe. He sings
loudly/has a powerful voice.
-e'hahtots'tov vta. become afraid of s.o. N-e'hahtots'tovtse. I have become afraid of you. See: e'h; -e'hahtov.
-e'hahtohe vai. timid, shy. for example, of someone who would rather be seen and not heard, or how a
man should act toward his mother-in-law. -e'hahtohe. He is shy. vta: -e'hahtov. See: -e'thtahe; -hoometahe; -tanehe.
-e'hahtseoneve vai. respected; revered; distant (socially). -e'hahtseoneve. He is respected. See: voseoneve.
-e'hahtov vta. respect s.o., timid toward s.o. esp. refers to how someone should act toward his crosssex in-law, for example, a Ch. man should treat his mother-in-law with respect (for example, by not talking to her, not speaking badly in front of her, etc.); a woman should not speak directly to her son-in-law, etc. -e'hahtovho He respects/is timid toward him. naa mto ksovhe tssta-e'hahtvse hevkemo And also a young man respects his mother-in-law. [1980:80-81:25] See: -ono'tam.
-e'han f. eat. hehp-e'hna. He overate. nomon-e'hna. He fell asleep eating. Mnoseeheanhhe;

nhahpo nhe-e'hna. I must have been hungry; I ate everything up. Nnh-e'hanotse I ate quickly. Nvs-e'hanmo. I ate with him. See: -hean hungry; -an hungry.
-e'hanhtahe vai. jealous, envious. -e'hanhtahe. He is envious. vta: -e'hant. See: -e'hahtov. -e'hanhtoomeh vta. cause jealousy in s.o. by seeing. Nosee-e'hanhtoomeha He's making me wish
for what he has. Nosee-e'hanhtoomee You're making me jealous (for example, I see you eating some delicious food).
-e'hansan vai. envy. -e'hansne. He envies people. Final: -san. -e'hanseh vta. make s.o. envious; make s.o. wish (for what you have). -e'hanshho. He made him
wish (for what he had, for instance, a delicious steak that he was eating). N-e'hanme. You are making us wish (envious). See: -e'hansem.
-e'hansem
vta. make s.o. wish, cause s.o. to envy. N-e'hanseme. You're making me wish (for example, to eat the good food you're cooking). See: -e'hanseh.
-e'hansetan vai. envious. -e'hansetno. He is envious. -e'hant vta. envy s.o., jealous of s.o. -e'hanoto. He is jealous of him. See: -nvt. -e'ho'eoestoh(n)
vta. rape s.o. quickly; deflower s.o. quickly. Literally: break-suddenly-by.tool. the primary meaning of -e'ho'eoestoh(n) and -e'ho'oh(n) today seems to be 'to rape s.o.', but presumably the meaning derives from the breaking of the hymen when a man deflowers a woman; Croft (1988:22:21) glossed this verb as 'deflowered' in his 1948 fieldnotes. 'e'ho'eoesthnsesto. He raped her. [Croft 1988:22:21] Medial: -oest. See: -e'ho'oh(n); -va''h. e'ho'eoestoh(n) rape s.o. quickly; -va''h rape s.o..
-e'ho'oh(n) vta. rape s.o., deflower s.o. -e'ho'hnho. He raped her. -e'ho'ohe. She was raped. See: -'homo'he vai. break bone to eat marrow. -'homo'he. He's breaking a bone (and eating the marrow).
The '- initial refers to breaking of the bone for getting the marrow. See: -thphomo'he; e'homo'he dance up.
'ke'haso
'ke'hasonnstse ?)]
na. plume. 'ke'haso hnesesto hem'kne. A feather stood on his head. See: mee'e.
[PD471 (pl:
-'ke'ko't vii. set in unstable fashion. Antonym: -he'kono't. -'ke'k'ta It's wobbly/unstable. vai: 'ke'koo'e.
-'ke'koo'e vai. sit in unstable fashion. -'ke'koo'e. He's sitting in an unstable fashion. Mstetve'ke'koehhe. He was not in a very stable position. [1987:282] Notes (Phonology) vs vii: -'ke'ko't.
-'koetanevet vai. tongue hang out. -'koetanevto. His tongue is hanging out. -'koetanev' vai. stick out tongue. -'koetanev'o He stuck his tongue out. -'koetanev'tov vta. stick out tongue at s.o. N'koetanev'tvo I stuck my tongue out at him. '(k)om- i. oily. -'komh'ne vai. cook greasy food. -'komh'ne. She cooked greasy (food).Variant: -'omh'en.
-e'komahe vai. greasy. -e'komahe. He's greasy. -e'komho'he vai. cook in grease. -e'komho'he. He's cooked in grease. -'komhonn
vai. make pancakes. -'komhonne. She made pancakes.Literally: grease-fry. Variant: -e'omhonn. See: -honn.
'komhonoo'o ni. pancake.Literally: grease-fried. -e'komahtse vai. greasy mouth. -e'komhtse. He has a greasy mouth. Initial: e'kom-; BodyPartMedial: ahtsen.
-e'koma' vii. grease set. -e'kom'o. It set as grease. -e'koman vti. vta. make s.t./s.o. greasy. -e'komanho. He made him greasy. for instance, make a towel
(animate) greasy.
-e'komeno'e vii. taste greasy. -e'komeno'e. It tastes greasy. -e'komees vai. greasy nose. -e'komese. He has a greasy nose. Usage: funny. -e'komhe'on vai. greasy hands. -e'komhe'na. His hands are greasy. BodyPartMedial: -he'on. 'kome'hah'e na. Greasy Voice Woman. -e'kome'htne vai. greasy forehead. -e'kome'htne. He has a greasy forehead. BodyPartMedial: 'htan.
-e'komne vai. have a greasy face. -e'komne. He has a greasy face. -e'komenno'e vii. look greasy. -e'komenno'e. It looks greasy. fii: -nno'e. -'komeotse vai. become greasy; become lubricated, become oily. Notes (General) Note: Can be used of a
woman whose vagina has become lubricated, ready for sex. See: -mhov; -hes'xeotse. -'komeotse
It/He became greasy.
-e'komsts'e vai. have greasy hair. -e'komsts'e. He has greasy hair. Notes (Phonology) vs -e'komee vai. lie greasy. -e'kome. He's lying there greasy. -'kom vii. greasy. -'kmo It is greasy.Variant: -e'om. 'kom'e- pv. greasy. 'kom'eo'h'e loc. Lodgegrass, Montana; Greasy Grass River. -'ko' vai. look through, peek through. The peeking can be out from somewhere or peeking in, as
when peeking through a curtain at someone. -'k'o. He looked through (for example, looked through the window). se-'k'o. He peeked inside. See: -n'po'.
'koo'ohttse ni. binoculars.Literally: looking.through.thing. Pl: 'koo'htottse. See: -tsheto'. e'(k)osi. turn over. -e'ksna. He turned it over by hand. -e'ksevhta. He turned it over by mouth.Variant: e'os-. -e'kse'hamahtse He turned himself over.
-e'kse'ham vta. turn over s.o. -e'kse'hamho He turned him over. faster action than -e'sevonehn. e'ks'haseo'o ni. pancake.Literally: turned.over. -e'kse' vai. 1 flip over. -e'ks'o. He flipped over.
2 flip over a playing card Refers to having turned over a card but literally speaks of the player's
having flipped over!
-e'ksen vta. vti. turn s.t./s.o. over. -e'ksna He turned it over. -e'ksenho He turned him over. -'kota''h vta. strangle s.o.; choke s.o. -'kota'o'ho. He strangled him (could be strangled him to
death).
-e'kotan vta. strangle s.o. (by hand). -'kotanho He strangled him. -e'kotan vta. choke s.o. -e'kotanho. He choked him. See: -nhpotman. -e'kotseet vta. hang s.o. by the neck. -e'kotseetho. He hung him by the neck. -e'kotseetahtse. He
hung himself. See: -e'eet.
-'kotsen vta. embrace s.o., hug s.o. See: -'kotseven; -vsem. -'kotsenho. He hugged him. ame'kotsenho. He's got his arm around her as he walks along.
-e'kotsena'n vta. 1 break neck of s.o.

2 attract strong affection from s.o. Usage: fig.. -e'kotsena'n'e. She (obv) is breaking his
neck (used as idiom for 'he really likes her').
-'kotseven refers to a quicker, more energetic action than -'kotsen.embrace; hug s.o.
vta. N-'kotsevena. He hugged me. -'kotsevenho. He hugged him.
'kotsv'stse vai. choke weeds. 'kovo'snhnesttse

ni. stovepipe, chimney.Literally: stick.out-fire-thing. Variant: 'kovo'sn'o. See: hetovnhnesttse.
'kovo'sn'o ni. stovepipe.Literally: stick.out-fire-thing. Variant: 'kovo'snhnesttse. -e'nhovehn vai. follow upstream. See: e'-; nhov-. -e'nhovhne. He followed (something) upstream.
Ntane-e'nhovhnema. Let's go up the valley. [JOURNEY.TXT]
-e'nhoveohts'ta vti. follow s.t. up while going along. See: -nhov. -e'nhoveohts'ta. He followed it
up.
e'nhoveo'h'e loc. up a river. See: he'ame-o'h'e; e'-. -e'nhovom vta. see s.o. lifted up. See: -vom. Oha mmhta m'-e'nhovomhevhe. All he could do
was watch (his father) lifted up (by the birds). [1987:315]
-e' vii. broken. -'. It's broken. for example, of a handle, but not of a window which requires the
verb stem -o'x when broken ?? vai: -e'ahe. See: -'x.
-''o vii. vai. float upstream. There can be something helping the object or person move upstream,
such as wind or oars in a rowboat. -''o. It/He is floating upstream.
-e'e'e vai. stand looking up. -e'e'e. He's standing looking upwards. Ntatshee-e'e'e. I stand
looking upwards toward there. Notes (Phonology) vs
-e'ose vai. float upward. -e'ose. He floated upward/he hung upward. -e'osne. They (an.) floated
upward. Initial: e'(e)-.
-e'osta vii. float; hang upward. taame-e'osta stovseo'o. the balloon is floating upward. 'oestonhe na. Broken Jaw. 'oesttse na. skirt, petticoat.Literally: broken-dress. he-'oestoto her skirt. he-'oestvevho their skirts.
See: hoesttse.
e'oestvestse'he na. blouse.Literally: skirt-shirt. -'oetanevet vai. tongue hang out. -'oetanevto. His tongue is hanging out. -'oh vti. break by tool. -'ha. He broke it by tool. esp., chop s.t. in two, for example, with an axe. 'h'o
ni. wood chip, chip.Literally: cut-by.tool e'oh(n)2.Pl: 'heontse. See: 'eo'o; vheo'o. (thing). Notes (Phonology) vs vta: -
-e'h(n)1 vta. spray water on s.o., sprinkle water on s.o., douse s.o. N-e'hno. I'm sprinkling water on
him. -e'ohno. He doused him/them. Nsa'-e'hnheo'o. I did not spray them. See: e'oesth(n); -e'oestah(n).
-'oh(n)2 vta. chop down s.o., cut down s.o. N-'hno. I chopped him down. See: 'h'o. -e'homo'he vai. dance up. -e'homo'he. He danced up. See: -'homo'he. -e'hon vai. sign up. that is, sign for someone to go up. -e'hne. He signed for someone to go up.
fai: -ohon.
-'oht1 vii. break from the cold; it broke from cold. -'hta. It broke from the cold. Final: -oht 'by
cold'.
-'oht2 vai. have a small waist. -'hta. He has a small waist. Antonym: -thpe'as; BodyPartMedial: oht.
-'hta3
vti. break s.t. by mouth. -'hta. He broke it with his mouth. Final: -oht by mouth. Etymology: cf. M piihkahtam.
-e'o'hotse vai. run uphill. -e'o'hotse. He ran uphill. -e''a'h vii. blown up(hill). -e'''ha. It was blown up(hill). Antonym: -anh'a'h. -e''a'xe vai. blown up(hill). -e''a'xe. He was blown up(hill). Antonym: -anh'a'xe. -e'o'ame vai. shoot up. -e'o'ame. He shot up in the air.
vti. shoot s.t. up. H'the ma'henemahe state-e'o'amense M'k'se. Ma'ko'se shot this sacred arrow into the air. [1987:308] See: -he'amo'ame; -ho'ame.
-e''ehn vai. go up by wagon. -e''hne. He went up by wagon. -'o'emat vii. broken growth. for example, of a willow branch. -''mto. It's broken. Medial: -o'e.
See: -e'o'evo'hahts; hoto'e; -oot'e.
-e''en vti. roll s.t. up. -e''na. He rolled it up.

vta. roll s.o. up, transport s.o. up. -e''enho He rolled him up. -e''ene hooheo'o. The flag was raised. ts'-e''enstse hooheo'o flag ceremony ? Usage: Engl. loan transl.?. Medial: '-.
-'o'evo'hahts vti. break handle of s.t. -'o'evo'hhtse. He broke the handle of it (for example, an
axe). See: -'o'o'e1.
-'o'o'e1
vii. broken at the handle. -'o'o'e. ?? The (for example, ax) handle is broken. Usage: obsolescent. Medial: -' ??. See: -'o'o'e2 broken vegetation; -'o'evo'hahts; hoto'e; oot'e.
-'o'o'e2 vii. broken vegetation. for example, of a field of grass laid over due to hail. -'o'o'e. The
vegetation is broken. Medial: -o'e. See: -'o'o'e1 broken handle; -'o'evo'hahts; hoto'e; -oot'e.
-'omh'en vai. cook greasy food. does not refer to cooking with grease. -'omh'ne. She cooked
greasy food (for example, fat meat).Variant: -'komh'en. Final: -ah'en.
-e'omhonn vai. make pancakes. -e'omhonne. She's making pancakes.Variant: -e'komhonon. e'ma'heo'o ni. hoe. -e'ma'o'e vii. upward sloped ground. -e'ma'o'e It is upgrade sloped ground. [1987:156] e'ma'xovahttse ni. walking plow. See: -ma'xov. 'omeahke na. pitch.
Oil Gum.
'omee'he
na. Fattening Up Moon; June. traditionally, latter part of June and first part of July (possible alternative month name).
-'ome'sen vai. taste (s.t.) greasy. -'ome'sne He tasted (s.t.) greasy. Final: -'sen. -'ome'han vai. eat greasy (food). Nohke-'ome'hna. I eat greasy (food). 'ome'taso ni. Little Greasy River. Non-diminutive: 'ome't'e. -'omema'h vii. smell of grease. -'omem'ha It smells greasy. -'omema'xe vai. smell greasy, greasy smell. -'omema'xe. He smells greasy. fai: -ma'xe. -'omn vai. greasy face. -'omne. He has a greasy face. 'omet'e
ni. Missouri River.Literally: greasy(.river). See: Ma'xe'omet'e Mississippi River; -e'kom greasy. 2 na. Little Missouri River. Diminutive: 'ometaso.
'ometaso ni. 1 ni. Little Missouri River.Literally: greasy (dim.). Non-diminutive: 'omet'e. -'om vii. greasy, oily. -'mo. It's greasy.Variant: -'kom. -'omoest vai. wear a greasy dress. -'omosta. She has on a greasy dress. Final: -oest1. 'om'eo'h'e ni. Lodgegrass, Montana. Usage: less commonly used than variant 'kom'e-o'h'e. -'omome vii. greasy liquid. -'omome. It (for example, the soup) is greasy.
-'nea'ham vta. break s.t./s.o. (of a rope-like object). probably has more of a meaning element of a
jerking kind of breaking than does -'nean. Medial: -n. See: -po'nea'ham. N-'onea'hmo I broke him (for example, a strand of sinew).
-e'nea' vai. fly up (or ropelike thing), jump up (of ropelike thing). -e'n'o. It flew up. for instance,
the rope flew up in the air.
-'nean vti. vta. break s.t./s.o. (of a rope-like object) (by hand). -'nna. He broke it. Medial: -n. -e'nean vti. pull up s.t./s.o. by a rope, hoist s.t./s.o. -e'nna. He hoisted it.
vta. -e'neanho. He hoisted him. ts'-e'neanse hooh'o flag ceremony.Literally: up-rope.likeby.hand. Initial: e'-; Medial: -n; fta: -an.
-e'neanen vai. hoist. -e'neanne. He hoisted. -'nees

vta. cut s.o. (of a rope-like object). N-'oneesoo'o hevaho I cut the rope (grammatically plural). 'oneeenano hevaho Cut the rope! Medial: -n.
-e'oneevvo'as vta. cut s.o. (ropelike). -e'oneevvo'sho. He cut him (some object that is ropelike,
such as rope or a snake).
-e'noo'e vai. sit looking up. -e'noo'e. He is sitting looking up. fai: -noo'e. e'oestahe- pv. Christian. e'oestahe-vo'stane Christian person. -e'oestahevo'stanheve He lives
a Christian life. Usage: not nearly as commonly used as the noun e'oestahe.
E'oestahe
na. Christian.Literally: baptized-one (that is, water.anointed.on.(head)-one). esp. said of Mennonite Christians, but extended to other Protestants and, more recently, to Catholics.Pl: E'oestaheo'o. E'oestaheono (alternate plural). Obviative: E'oestaheho; vai: e'oestahov; vta: -e'oestah(n). See: ma'henev'ho'e; ma'henentaxe.
-e'oestahe'onah(n) vta. pour water on s.o.'s hand. -e'oestahe'onhnho He poured water on his
hand.
-e'oestahe'pa'onah(n) vta. pour water on s.o.'s back. -e'oestahe'pa'onhnho He poured water

on his back.
e'oestahe-mano'hesttse
ni. church (body). naa nhe'e 1947 nnx-h'xsehtse e'oestahemano'hstva and then in 1947 I joined the Mennonite Church (1987:116). Usage: neologism.Literally: Christian-group. See: ma'hene-estse-mheo'o church building. na. Christian.Literally: Christian-warrior(that Pl: e'oestahentxeo'o. Vocative: e'oestahentxesstse. is, society person).
e'oestahentaxe
e'oestahe-ntxvesttse ni. church.Literally: Christian-society. E'oestahesttse ni. baptism. See: ma'henentxvesttse; e'oestaahe. -e'oestahekhtah(n)
vta. pour water on s.o.'s finger(s). e'oestahekhthnho He poured water on his finger(s). See: -e'ovkhtah(n). -
-e'oestah(n) vta. pour water on s.o., baptize s.o. -e'oestaahno. He baptized him. N-e'oestaaha.
He baptized me. -e'oestaahe. He was baptized. -e'oestahestse. He's putting (for example, scooping or patting) water on his (own) head (esp. to cool himself off). vai: -e'oestahov. See: -e'esth(n); -e'oestoh(n); -e'h(n)1.
-e'oestahov
vai. baptize.Literally: put.water.on. tsohke-e'oestahvhtse the one who baptizes. vta: -e'oestah(n). See: E'oestaahe.
e'oeste- pv. Christian. -e'oestoh(n) vta. throw water on s.o. -e'oesthnho. He threw a little water on him. (Traditionally,
uncles would do this to wake up children.). Nhta-e'oesthno. I'll throw water on him. E'oestheha! Throw water on him! To teach her offspring how to discipline children, a grandmother used to say the following. This clearly illustrates Cheyenne feelings about corporal punishment: ohksa'oomheo'o ka'kneho. ohke-e'oestheo'o; ohksa'neotsheo'o. hv'eoomvosstse ka'kneho ohkeonon'anheo'o. Don't strike (your) children. A little bit of water (should be) thrown on them; (Water) doesn't hurt them. When children are struck, they never forget it (the abusive action). See: -e'oestah(n); -e'h(n)1; -vonane''h. Medial: -oest.
-'ooheva'xe vai. cut (own) nails. -'ooheva'xe. He cut his (own) nails. -e'o' vai. look up. -e''o. He's looking up. See: -he'at'o. e'ov'has'o ni. water pump (for example, an electric one). See: ov'has'o; hoovneo'o. -e'sh vti. turn over s.t. by tool. E'shtse! Turn it over! (for example, a pork chop frying). -e'shn
vta. turn over s.o. by tool. N-e'shnhoo'o mshstoto. I turned over the potatoes (for example, in the frying pan). E'sheha! Turn him over! e's'hamhoono. He turned her over. (Croft 1988:30:19).
-e's'ham vta. turn over s.o. -e's'hamahtse. He (for example, a baby) turned himself over. stae's'has'o ni. (pancake) turner. -e'sn
vti. vta. turn over s.t./s.o. -e'sna He turned it over. Nstsev've-e'sna ho'vohktse mtkva! Don't turn meat over with a knife! (a cultural taboo).Variant: -e'ksn. vii. vai. capsize; turn upside down. Ttke'smontse m'hke-e'svoeotshanevtse. Little boats turn over (in big waves). See: -hoto'.
-e'svoeotse
-e'sevonehn vai. turn over. -e'sevonhne He turned over (gradually). See: -e'kse'ham. -'otse'konn vta. 1 break neckbone of s.o. N-'otse'konana He broke my neckbone.
2 fig., fall for s.o. (romantically). The idiomatic use of this term is apparently older than
idiomatic usage of -pehahts and -p'peeotse, which may be influenced by English.
-'otse'konxen vai. fall and break neckbone. -'otse'konxe He broke his neck from a fall. 'otseto
p. over the hill. Nhe na'stse mataneve'ho'e thhe 'otseto mxhsthehhe. One of the policemen was from (another district) over the hill/divide. [Stamper 1991:8] See: n'seto. -p-e'phestse He hit himself on his ribs (esp. said of Crows who hit themselves this way when they guess during handgames). -pe'pe He fell on his ribs.
-e'p mbp. rib. See: -htse'pe. '-e'pe He fell and broke his rib. -n-e'phtse He has pain in the ribs.
e's- i. fear. See: e't-. e'se-1 pv. afraid to. N-e'sem'stomvo. I'm afraid to explain it to him. ohksa'-e'sexhhe. He says
(it) without fear. (for example, someone who speaks forcefully, confident of the truth of what they are saying). vta: -e'h. See: -e'thtahe; -e'etan.
e'se-2 i. put on clothes; dress. -e'ssne. He got dressed. M'-e'shohehevhe. They were outfitted.
(1987:46).
'se p. half; down the middle. tsa'e m'ana'hanetshe 'se hestsv'xe Somewhere that part of her tail
dropped off. [BOBTAIL.TXT] See: 'xe.
-e'sestse'hen vai. put on shirt (or coat). E'sestse'hnhtse! Put your coat on! E'sestse'hna! Put your
coat on! (said to more than one person). See: stse'he.
-e'ssan vai. dress. -e'ssne. He is dressing. Final: -san; vta: -e'ssann; Antonym: -n'ssan. -e'ssann vta. dress s.o. -e'ssaneno He dressed him. [1987:266] -e'sev
fii. flow. am-e'svo. It s flowing along. n-e'svo. It quit flowing. Mstaet'tha'ho'ome'sevhanetshe. The water was at the widest point. (1987:276).
E'e'htanhe na. High Forehead. -e'vaen

vta. fear s.o., afraid of s.o. more intense than -e'h. -e'vaenho. He is afraid of him. ssatne-e'vaenhevsesto ntx-v'h'e They weren't afraid of the soldiers (1987:37:26). [1987:282] See: -e'h.
e't- i. fear. See: e's-. -e't vti. be afraid of s.t. -'ta. He is afraid of it. -e'tantse ame'hahtottse He is afraid of airplanes.
Nohks'neame-'ta I'm still afraid of it (for example, to drive on the road). Etymology: *kwe'tamwa. vta: -e'h.
-e'thth
vai. put on pants. -e'ththa. He put his pants on. 'ththtse! Put on your pants! Antonym: -n'thth. See: -ka'o'hth.
'tvo ni. foam. Etymology: *pii'ta:wi. Usage: obsolescing. -e'toest vai. put on dress. -e'tosta. She put on a dress. -e'thkh'a vai. put on hat. See: -e'sane; -n'thkha'a. -e'thkh'a He put his hat on. e'thkha'tse
h? Put your hat on!
-e'thkha'e vai. put on hat. -e'thkha'e. He put on his hat/cap. Antonym: -n'toeha'. -e'thkha'n vta. put hat on s.o. -e'thkha'nho. He put a cap on him. E'thkha'neha! Put a cap
on him! Cheyennes are careful to cover their babies' heads when they are out of doors. IndepNoun: hhkha'e.
-e'thon vai. put on bracelet(s). IndepNoun: hoho. -e'thna. She put her bracelet(s) on. E'thntse!
Put your bracelet(s) on!
-e'thtahe vai. afraid, fearful. -e'thtahe. He is a fearful person. vti: -e't; vta: -e'h. See: -e'etan; e'hahtohe; e'se-1; -hhphetan. Etymology: *kwe'ta:ciwa; O gotaaji (N).
-e'ththotse
vai. become afraid. -e'ththotse. He became afraid. See: -e'thtahe; -e'etan; e'hahtohe; e'se-1; -hhphetan.
-e'to'tan vai. put on choker, put on necklace. E'to'tntse! Put your choker on! ni: ho'ota. -e'to'tano'ham
vai. collar horse(s); necklace horse(s); put necklace/collar on horse(s). e'to'tano'hme. He's putting a collar on his horse(s).Variant: -ho'tano'ham.
-e'tseest vai. put on earrings. -e'tsesta. She put her earrings on. 'tsesthtse! Put your earrings
on!
-e'tsem vta. drag s.o. up. -e'tsemho. He dragged him up. for example, to drag s.o. uphill. -'tovah vti. stumble on s.t. ?? -'tovha. He stumbled on it. See: -hohtsee; -hotht'. -'tova' vti. stumble on s.t. -'tov'a. He stumbled on it (for example, a hole in ground). 'tve na. your brother-in-law (of a man). See: n'tve my brother-in-law; hev'tovo his brother-inlaw.
-e'txeon vai. put on sock(s). -e'txena. He put his socks on. E'txentse! Put your socks on! See: he-vxeone. Antonym: -n'txeon; IndepNoun: hoxeo'o.
-e'txeonn vta. put sock(s) on s.o. -e'txeonneha! He put his socks on! IndepNoun: hoxeo'o. e'tsepv. fail. N-e'tsevmo. I didn't see him/I missed him/I failed to see him. See: e'se-; htse-; sa-; oh; hove-.
-e'tsheto' vai. look up. See: -tsheto'. -e'tshet'o He looked up. Notes (Phonology) not vs -'xoe''tov vta. peel s.o., husk s.o. Nheta'e hestsheva'xe nhmhe-'xoe''tvnne. From there on
the tail we skinned all of that part off. [BOBTAIL.TXT]
-'xen
vta. vti. peel s.t./s.o. Naa -ohke'xeneo'o n=mno'keo'o. And these willows are peeled.
[1987:275]
-e'xoeoeee vai. scratched.Literally: peeled.back. can refer to foreskin being peeled back. -e'xe vai. scraped from fall. -e'xee. He fell and got scraped. -'xoevo'ee vai. 1 lie with skin peeled back.
2 have intercourse; get screwed. refers to flesh of penis or vagina getting peeled back during intercourse. -'xoevo'e. He/She got skinned back.
-'xhos vai. have peeled back foreskin of penis. esp. refers to uncircumcised penis during intercourse.
-'xhse. His penis is peeled back. Medial: -hos.
-'xhos'e vai. stand with unsheathed penis.Literally: peeled-penis-stand. esp. of an animal such as a
horse or dog. -'xhos'e. He is standing with penis unsheathed. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -; Medial: -ohos. See: -he'konhos'e.
-'xhosvo'as
vta. circumcise, cut off the foreskin of s.o. -'xhosvo'axe. He was circumcised. Usage: A euphemism for circumcision is -tshetaxe 'have surgery.'. See: -tshetaxe. Usage: not widely used. Medial: -ohos. lit., peel.back-penis-cut.off.
'xonh'o ni. scraper. -'xonh(n) vta. peel s.o. by tool. for example, to remove cut bark from a tree. -'xonhnho. He
peeled him with a tool.
-'xonhon vai. scrape trees. -'xonhne. He peeled bark off trees. 'xov- i. peel. -'xovan vti. peel s.t./s.o. (for example, an orange) by hand. See: -oo'kan. -'xovna. He peeled it.
vta. -'xovanho. He peeled him. (for example, an apple). 'xovaneha! Peel him (for example, an orange)! vta: -'xovs.
-'xovas
vta. peel s.o. for example, peeling a potato or apple. -'xovasho. He peeled him. 'xovasho ma'xemeno. He peeled the apple with a knife. N-'xovso. I peeled him. 'xovxenno! Peel them (an.)!
-em fta. speak to s.o., speak about s.o. hvsv-emho. He talked badly about him. Nmhov-mo. I
tired him by my speaking. See: -o't; -tam.
-m vai. take a sweat bath. -ma. He's taking a sweat. -mao'o. They are taking a sweat. -mhtove.
There is a sweat going on. Mnstamama? Are we (incl) going to have a sweat? Nto'semme. We (excl) are going to have a sweat. See: -hoehasen.
-manan vai. put on a sweat, make sweat. -manne. He put on a sweat.Variant: -manen. -manen vai. put on a sweat, make sweat. -manne. He put on a sweat.Variant: -manan. maome
ni. Final: -ome.sweat lodge.Literally: sweat.bath-lodge. The sweat lodge is supposed to be completely dark inside. Traditionally, children were not allowed inside the sweat lodge until after the ceremonies were completed and the blankets were lifted. See: vonhome. M'e''khtavo'-emxhhe. His leg was broken from the gunshot. [1987:191] Notes (Phonology) the stem-final /s/ has [x] allophone preceding /e/Variant: -mas. fti: -emaxest.
-emas fta. shoot s.o. t'om-emsho. He shot him dead.. hk-emsho. He nicked him in shooting.
-mtan vai. want to take a sweat bath. -mtno He wants to take a sweat bath. -emxest fti. shoot s.t. o'ha'-emxsta. He missed it (while shooting). fta: -emas. -meno' vai. poach, kill on the sly, kill illegally. esp. refers to killing someone else's cattle on the sly.
-men'e. He butchered illegally. Mhva m'-meno'hevhe. Perhaps they killed beef on the sly. [1987:182] fai: -no'. See: -nhtseno'.
-meno'oohe vai. kill on the sly quickly. -meno'oohe. He quickly killed on the sly. fai: -no'. -meno'h vta. secretly kill s.o. -meno'hho. He killed him on the sly. mkh'e na. (woman's name). -metse vai. conceal (something). -metse. He's concealing (something). -mevone vii. sound barely heard. -mevone. It (sound) is barely heard. Final: -vone. -mn vai. pray secretly. See: -hna. -mna He prayed secretly. -moestotxm vta. secretly talk about s.o. See: -totxem; moose-. N-moestotxmo I talked secretly
about him.
-mhkoee
vai. sneak a look; lie with eyes half-open. for example, as cats sometimes sleep. mhke. He's lying looking with eyes nearly shut. See: -tte.
-mhko' vai. look with squinted eyes. -mhk'o He's looking with eyes nearly shut (for example,
squinted, as a cat does when sleeping).
-moh(n) vta. hunt and kill s.o. N-mhno I killed (in hunt) him (for example, a deer). vai: -mhne. -mhne vai. hunt (for large game). See: -nse'neva 'hunt for small game'; -nhomo'he. -mhne. He's
hunting. Nth-emhnema! Let's go hunt! hvesesto ksovaheho; hnshtxsesto. staohkh-emhnsesto. (Some) young men were camping; there were seven of them. They would go hunting. (1987:306).
-mhneehe vai. camp and hunt. that is, camp while hunting. -mhneeheo'o They are camping and
hunting. fai: -ehe.
mhnhe na. hunter.Pl: mhnheo'o. Obviative: mhnheho. -mhne'heneve vai. be a hunter. -mhne'heneve. He is a hunter. m(ooht)- i. secretly. -moohtahe vai. sneaky. -moohtahe. He is a sneaky person. t'-moohtahe. He is very sneaky. vii: moos.
-moohte'e vai. drink secretly. -moohte'e. He is a closet drinker. -moohttamao'

quietly.
vai. Final: -tamao'.laugh quietly; chuckle. -moohttama'o. He's laughing
-moohthne vai. sign secretly, secretly sign. -moohthne. He is signing secretly. fai: -ohon. -moohthtva'tov vta. betray s.o. N-moohthtva'tova He betrayed me. N-moohthtvantse I
betrayed him.Literally: secretly sell s.o..
-mooht'an
vai. speak quietly. for example, so you cannot be heard. -mooht'ne. He spoke quietly/secretly. vai. secretly do (s.t.). -moohto'etahe He secretly did (it) (for example, Judas Iscariot who betrayed Jesus).
-moohto'etahe
-moohtnov vai. gossip quietly. See: -nonaohtonov; moose-. -moohtnva. He gossiped quietly. -moohtse'e vai. be illegitimately pregnant. See: moose-; -hse'e. -moohtse'e She is illegitimately
pregnant.Literally: secretly-pregnant.
-moohtotse'ohe
vai. work sneakily, work secretively, secretively work. -moohtotse'ohe. He's working sneakily.
moose- pv. secretly. N-mooseestsstvo. I spoke secretly to him. -mooseestse vai. whisper.Literally: secretly-talk. -mooseestse. He is whispering. See: -estse. mooseka'kne na. illegitimate child. See: m'nstse; ka'kne. moosemataneve'ho'e na. detective.Literally: secretive-policeman. moosem'stanevhe na. C.I.A. person.Pl: moosem'stanevhe. vai: -m'stanev. -moosenon vai. sing in a whisper.Literally: quietly-sing. -moosenne. He sang in a whisper. moosso
na. illegitimate child. Usage: not commonly used.Pl: moossono. Obviative: moossono. See: m'nstse.
-moos vii. silent. -moso. It is silent. vai: -moohtahe. n- i. end; stop; cease; quit. -nna He put it away (by hand). -neotse It ended. N-nomhtahe I
stopped being sick. -nto It stopped snowing. Etymology: *po:n-.
-nhnoevh'en vai. make pudding. -nhnoevh'ne. She made pudding. -nhnoeve vii. be pudding. -nhnoeve. It is pudding. -nhen vai. 1 fill up. can refer to filling up one's plate. -nhne. He's filling up (his (plate with
food). nhne! Fill up (said to more than one person)! See: nhno. 2 gas up; fuel vehicle; pay for gasoline; put gas in car. Nhtavs-nhne. I'll help pay for the gas. N-nhne mhthtoema'kaataeva. I put in $10 of gas. nhnstse! Put gas in! See: enhomev.
nhenmh'o ni. filling station.Literally: pouring?-house. nhenesttse ni. filling thing (for example, gas funnel). nhno ni. gravy; pudding (esp. berry pudding); sauce. for some speakers this only refers to gravy,
not to berry pudding. See: -nhen.
-nhnoevtovto
shaped.
vii. be funnel shaped. See: -ksa'e-vtovto). -nhnoe-vtovto It is funnel
-nahn vai. build a fire; set a fire. -nhne. He built a fire. See: -ho'stnahn; -nht.
-nho'he
vai. fever break, fever end.Literally: end-by.heat. -nho'he. His fever broke / his fever
ended.
-nht vta. end heat to s.o. hto'sema'xetontoo'stse -nhtahtse e'he ohkevhenove... when it's
going to turn really cold, sun dogs, it was said... [1987:207]
-nhtohe vai. stop sounding. -nhtohe. He stopped sounding / he stopped making a sound. fai: ahtohe.
-na'haso'he vai. stop riding horse. -na'haso'he. He stopped riding his horse. -na'has'heohe vai. stop riding on horseback. tssthse-a'has'heohvse when they stopped riding
again. fai: -a'haso'he, -ohe.
-na'he vai. be old. See: -non'homhtahe; -ha'hahe; -mhovahe. -na'he. He is old. Notes (Phonology)
cf. -na'he 'he was killed'; na'he 'three' ts-na'hese the aged ones/the elderly.
na'he- pv. old. -na'hevstoemhtseo'o. They were married (to each other) until old age (that is, they
were lifetime partners).
-na'heotse vai. become old. -na'heotse. He has become old. na'hso na. Oldie.Literally: old-DIM. -na'hevohe
vai. receive a life sentence. -na'hevohe. He was given a life sentence. See: htoanvo'emoohe.
-na''tse vti. turn off s.t. va-na''tse. He turned it back off. -na'ovo'ham
vai. leave livestock. See: -nano'ham. N-na'ovo'hme I left horses (over there). Medial: -o'ham.
-na'xan vai. stop crying. -na'xne. He quit crying. See: -ne stop crying. -nan vti. put down s.t., put away s.t., release s.t., appoint s.t. -nna. He put it away. nnhtse! Let
go of it! Ta-nnhtse! Put it away! vta. put down s.o., put away s.o., release s.o., appoint s.o. -nanho. He put him down. Nhe'-nno. I turned him out/turned him loose (for example, a horse)/put him out. N-nno nhhe. I appointed him (lit. placed him there). vai: -nanen. See: -nanomtah; -nhetsem; neh; -neven; -nanomht.
-nanen vai. put down, let go, place, pay, give offering (for example, in church). -nanne. He's
giving an offering. th-enanne. He went to pay his bill. vti: -nan.
-enno
sfx. suffix for imperative addressed to a single person to act upon plural third persons. taohkhve'hoomenno Go look at them! (1980:59:139).
-nano' vai. plant. See: -o'eno'. -nan'e. He planted. ts'-nano'stove garden (lit. where there is
planting).
nano'ee'he na. Planting Moon, June. This is a possible alternative month name. may originally
have included the latter part of May and the first part of June. See: 'omee'he.
nano'he na. farmer.Literally: planting-one. nano'hesttse ni. seed. See: hestheme.Literally: planting-thing. Pl: nano'hestottse. nano'mhtme ni. vegetables.Literally: planted-food. nano'esttse ni. seeder; garden.Literally: planting thing. nano've'ho'e na. farmer. See: nano'he.Literally: planting-ve'ho'e. -nano'ham vai. release livestock. See: -na'ovo'ham. -nano'hme. He let his horse(s) go. stanano'hamsesto hnhhe txeo'h'e. They let their horses go there by the river. Medial: -o'ham.
[GHOST.TXT]
-nano'ht vti. plant s.t. -nano'hta. He planted it. -nano'ot vta. plant s.o. -nano'oto. He planted him. for example, to plant a tree. -nanomev vta. pay for s.o. N-nanomvo I paid for him (e.g a horse). vti: -nanomht. -nanomht vti. pay for s.t. See: -nan. -nanomhta. He paid for it. vta: -nanomev.
-nanomt
vta. pay for s.o. -nanomoto. He paid for him/them.Variant: -nanomtho.. See: nanomtah. N-nanomtho. I paid it for him. Nva-nanomtho. I paid his fine. See: -nanomt; -nan; onnxhemev.
-nanomtah vta. pay for s.o.Literally: put down something for s.o.. -nanomthho. He paid for him.
ne'e vai. stop drinking. -natamao' vai. stop laughing. See: -hohatse; -n. -natama'o. He stopped laughing. satnenatamao'he. He couldn't stop laughing. ohksa'-natamao'he. He never stops laughing. Notes (Phonology) not vs Final: -tamao'.
-en fai. abstract AI final. vs-ne He sees. na's-ne He kills people. vstoms-ne He promised.
Nmxe'he-ne I'm drawing. Usage: used by a minority of speakers; much less commonly used than -an.Variant: -an.
-ne vai. stop crying. nstse! Stop crying! See: -na'xan stop crying. -ene sfx. passive suffix for TA verb stems ending in -h(n) and -s with unspecified subjects and non-third
person semantic objects. Ntaevh-ne. I was measured. See: -an; -e; -n; -ohe.
nepv. stop; end; quit. -neestse. He stopped speaking. -nenmne He stopped singing. sa- 'not' +
tne- 'how.able' + ne- 'stop' ( > 'not able to stop') yields a strong statement of continued action: ssatn-nee'koo'hesstse. He just kept looking out (attrib). (1987:298). Initial: n-.
-n mbp. face. this medial specifically refers to the face, but in several words the primary intended
reference is to the eyes. ''-ne He is blind. Ks-n'e Little-faced Woman. ka'-nhtame bulldog (short-faced-dog). hess-ne'e. He has twitching in his face. ne'vo-ne. He washed his face. Etymology: *iinkwe:.
-ene fai. overnight. Nno'ke-ene. I stayed one night. Nno'ke-eneoo'e. I stayed (sat) one night. Ntaneene. I stayed two nights. Ntatnsthe-en'tse? How many nights did you camp out? Nexa ma'hene-eva ntanhesthe-ene. I stayed two weeks. Etymology: cf. *-ekon(ak). fii: -no'e2. See: taa'va; von-.
-nt vii. stop snowing. -nto. It stopped snowing. fii: -t. See: -en; -noo'koh; -ho't. -nhasen vai. stop playing cards. -nhasne. He stopped playing cards. -nehe fai. taste. phve-nehe He (for example, melon) tastes good. phve-nheo'o They (an.) taste
good. hovhe-nehe He tastes wild. fii: -no'e. See: -tne'nehe; -tshe'nehe. Etymology: cf. O minopogozi he tastes good (N).
-nhohts vai. 1 tracks end. -nhhtse. His tracks end.

2 die. Usage: fig.. Final: -hohts.
nht vta. stop and stand by s.o. -ne''e vii. stop leaking. can be said of a nosebleed. -ne''e. It stopped leaking. sa'ne'ehane. It
did not stop leaking. See: -se''e; -mhe''e.
-n'ha vai. stop flying. Etymology: cf. M po:neqnaew. -n'ha. He stopped flying. -ne'han
vai. quit eating, stop eating. -ne'hna. He stopped eating. Final: -e'han. Etymology: *po:ni'0enye:wa.
-ene'ho't fii. room. vhp-ene'h'ta. It (for example, the cabin) was vacant. ne'k-ene'h'ta. It is a
small/tight space/room.Variant: -ne'ho't.
-ne'sev vii. stop flowing, flow stop. -ne'svo. It stopped flowing. Final: -'sev. -ne'xove vii. be the end. -ne'xove It is the end. ts'-ne'xove the end. Usage: not used as much as
hena'hanhe or nhe'e for indicating closure.
nema'heneeva
ni. on Monday. Usage: od. Some Northern Cheyennes have used this term. Southern Cheyennes use this term and call Tuesday no'ka eeva with Wednesday through Friday subsequently following with consecutively numbered names. For instance, Friday, under the Southern Cheyenne system, is neva eva (lit. fourth day). See: ma'heneeva. ts'-nema'heneeeve when it was Monday. Usage: od. Some Norther Cheyennes have used
-nema'heneeeve vii. Monday. -nema'heneeeve. Monday.Literally: be the end of the holy day.
this term. Southern Cheyennes use this term and call Tuesday no'ka eeva with Wednesday through Friday subsequently following with consecutively numbered names. That is, for instance, Friday under the Southern Cheyenne system is neva eva (lit. fourth day). See: ma'heneeva.
-nemohe vai. stop running. -nemohe. He stopped running. fai: -mhe. -nenan vti. pick up s.t. mhe-nenantse. He picked them (inan.) up. See: -nan. -neno'oohe vai. stop killing abruptly. -neno'oohe. He abruptly stopped killing. fai: -no'. -nenon
vai. stop singing. -nenne. He stopped singing. po:nina:ke:wa.
[1987:94]
Final: -non. Etymology: F
-neohe vai. stop running. -neohe. He stopped. neoestse! Stop running! neohe! Stop running! (said
to more than one person). See: nh'e Stop!.
-neoht vii. stop. sometimes used for when a car stops; -nevho't may be preferred. -neohto It
stopped. hestssta m-neohthanetshe He had a heart attack (lit., his heart must have stopped). nhhe hne'-neohto naamho'hestnne our (excl.) car stopped there (1987:156).
-neohts vai. stop going. -nehtse. He stopped going. Etymology: cf. M po:nepa:htaw. -ne'e vai. stop standing. -ne'e. He stopped standing. -nstovosta vii. be afternoon. -nstovosta It is afternoon.Literally: end-middle(of.sky)-hang. -enstaeeeohts -nstn
vii. hot and dry weather ?? -enstaeeehtse. It is hot and dry weather. ?? Usage: obsolete. See: -'ho't. vai. end the ceremony, quite making (something). See: -oestn. -nstne. He finished doing the ceremony.
-nvaen vta. stop fighting s.o. See: -net; -mt. -nvaenhtsstove They ceased fighting; the war
ended. N-nvno. I quit fighting him. satne-nvaenheho. He just couldn't stop beating him up.
-net
vta. stop fighting. See: -amet; -aset; -nevaen; -nene'enseh. -nethtseo'o. They stopped fighting. e-nethtsstove. The war has ended. ts'-nethtsstove when the war ended. It is possible to use this verb as a non-reciprocal but it would be extremely rare. The only forms in the corpus for this dictionary are reciprocals. vti. 1 vti. put down; release; leave; unleash s.t./s.o. -nevna. He put it down. nevnhtse! Let go of it! xse nevnhtse! Put it someplace else! Nvone-nevna. I
-neven
misplaced it; got it mixed up.

vta. stamhae'-nevenhoono. (when) he put him down. nevno. I just turned the tornado loose. [POWER.TXT]
[1987:286]
Hevovetso nv'ne-
2 vta. excrete s.t. (body waste). Usage: euphemism. Th-enevnhtse! Go leave it there! mne-nevna. He just farted. See: -nan.
-nevho'h vti. turn off s.t. (with engine). esp. of turning off the engine of a vehicle. -nevh'ha.
He turned it off. nvh'hhtse! Turn it off! See: -asvho'h.
-nevho'hov
vai. stop engine, turn off car. -nevho'hva. He turned off the engine (esp. car engine). See: -asvho'hov.
-nvho't vii. stop (of a combustion engine). -nvh'ta. It (the engine) stopped. -nvnne vai. stop making noise. -nvnne. He stopped making noise. See: -amvanen. -nevo'ho'he vai. fever end, fever break. -nevo'ho'he. His fever broke. -nevo'emas vta. quit shooting at s.o. Msta-nevo'emxeehevhe. They stopped shooting at him. [Head
Chief text]
-nevone
vii. stop sounding. -nevone. It stopped sounding/the sound stopped. Final: -vone. Etymology: cf. M pu:niiwae:hnen (corresp.?).
-nevonehn vai. stop crawling. -nevonhne. He stopped crawling. -nha'en vai. stop boating. -nh'ne. He stopped boating.
-noehn
vai. end bearing children. -nhne. She quit childbearing. Nstav'-noehnme ta'e ma'tahe'voehnse! Don't stop having children until you have a girl! (traditionally said to women; the purpose was tsetavhseametannstove 'to carry on our bloodline'). fai: -ehn.
noehnohtsstse na. youngest child. See: ma'ko'se.Literally: end-born-one. -ne' vai. vii. stop floating. -n'o. It/He stopped floating. -nn vai. stop praying. -nna. He stopped praying. fai: -n. See: -hna pray. -noeotse vii. float and stop. -noeotse. It floated and came to a stop. -nose vai. stop floating. stanosenhoono They stopped floating (1980:60:161). Final: -osen. -nost vii. end hang. -nosta. It is hanging at the end. ts'-nosta the edge (for example, of a
mountain; lit. where it is hanging at the end). fii: -ost2. See: -no't.
-noesta'h
vii. stop blowing quickly. refers to wind. -noest'ha. It stopped blowing quickly.Variant: -nha'h. See: -noo'koh. m'tostn finish school; -hostn go to school.
-nostne vai. finish school, quit school. See: -nxe'stn. -nstne. He finished school. See: -noh vti. dip in s.t.; ladle in s.t. for example, dipping soup into a plate. -nha. He dipped it in. See: nan.
-enhomev vta. gas up for s.o. Nxh-enhomevstse! Go get me some gas! See: -nhen. -nhomo'he vai. stop dancing. -nhomo'he He stopped dancing. -nhta'han vai. end telling story. See: -hhta'han. Nsano'm'sthe tssta-nhta'hanto I didn't
explain about it when I came to the end of my story (that is, I left something out at the end of my story telling).
-nhtva vai. stop selling. -nhtva. He stopped selling. Final: -ohtv. -n'an vai. stop saying. -n'ne. He stopped uttering. fai: -'an. -no'as vii. fire die, fire go out. -no'se. The fire went out. -no'e1 fii. taste good. phve-no'e. It tastes good. Etymology: cf. O minopogwad 'it tastes good' (N).
fai: -nehe.
-no'e2 fii. day (esp. day of the week); overnight. ma'thseamsthe-no'e next week. tnsthe-no'e?
What day of the week is it? Tnstheno'e? How many days/overnights has it been? tano'keno'e. It's been one day. ne-no'e. It is the second day of the week. -nveno'e. It was four overnights (for example, ago). Naa tsstanhone-no'etse 'vaamhnesstse. And on the fifth day he walked. [1987:109] Notes (Phonology) iah ?? fai: -ene. See: -e; eva.
-no'eh vta. 1 stop doing (something) to s.o. -no'eeho. He stopped doing it to her/him.
2 heal s.o. 'va-no'eehsesto tsxhtoane'khtxenatsse. He healed him when he had a badly broken leg. (1987:109). Usage: obsolescing. 3 end sex with s.o. Usage: Some speakers are bothered by this term, and feel it is inappropriate
for referring to healing. Many speakers today avoid using this word. Its primary meaning today seems to refer to ending sex with someone.. See: -nomhth'seh.
-no'estoman
vai. stop doing something, heal. Usage: meaning of 'heal' is obsolescing. no'estmne. He stopped doing something. tsohkheeva-no'estmnse how (God) heals (1987:196). vta: -no'eh.
-no'etahe vai. stop doing something. -no'etahe. He stopped doing something. -n'ehn vai. stop wagon, park wagon. -n'hne. He parked his wagon. -no't vii. at end. ts'-n'ta vose at the foot of the mountain. [pd 722] See: -amo't; h'xe; -nost. -n'tov vii. fire quit smoking, fire die. -n'tva. The fire died down. no'tovhenhe
na. firefighter, fireman.Pl: no'tovhenheo'o. no'tovhenheono (alternate plural). See: h'tovhenhe.
-no'tov'o'ts vti. turn off s.t. right away. for example, turning off the flow of water in a hose or
turning off a car. -no'tov''tse. He turned it off right away. no'tov''tsstse! Turn it off right away! Antonym: -ta'ta'o'ts. See: -h'tov'o'ts extinguish s.t..
-no'tov'ov vta. extinguish by foot or body. for example, of stomping out a cigarette. no'tov'oveha
nstse'pohttse! Stomp out your cigarette!
-no'tovn vti. turn off s.t., extinguish s.t. -no'tovna. He turned it (light) off. no'tovnhtse! Turn
the lights off! Antonym: -v'ho'ksn; Synonym: -h'tovn.
-no'tovvoht vti. blow out s.t. for example, to blow out a candle or a lamp flame. -no'tovvhta.
He blew it (for example, candle) out. no'tovvhthtse! Blow it out!
-no'xe vai. unload, unburden. See: -amo'xe. -no'xe. He let off the load (from his own back or for
example, horseback). Nto'sh-eno'xe ma'heneestsmhene. I'm gonna unload my burden at church (can refer to saying confession to a priest). Nth-eno'xe. I'm going to unburden/I'm going to church.
-no'xe''h vta. unload pack of s.o. N-no'xe''ho. I unloaded his pack. -nome fai. sleep. hehp-nome. He overslept. ns'-enome. He is snoring. hts-enome. He can't
sleep. phv-enomeo'o. They slept well. Nsam's-nmhe. I didn't get enough sleep. See: non; -naotse; -no'xe. Etymology: *-enkwa:m (Go88).
-nmeotse fai. sleep. Notes (Phonology) /-nme + ote/ Nohkenh-enomeotse I go to sleep right away.
See: -nome; -naotse; -naotseotse.
-nomhtahe vai. stop being sick. -nomhtahe He got well. -nomhth'stman vai. heal. Thhe vaveto nsahne'enhe on'semene'tamesttse naa mto
ma'heo'o tsohkheeon'seme-nomhth'stmnse. Back then I didn't know real trust and (I'm going to tell) how I didn't know that God could really heal. (1987:202). vta: nomhth'seh.
-nomhth'seh
vta.
[1987:202]Literally:
heal s.o. See: -no'eh. caused sickness of s.o. to end.
-nomhth'shho.
He
healed
him..
-noneanen vai. quit stringing fence. -noneanne. He quit stringing fence ; quit putting up a fence. -noneo'ts vai. end camp. tssta-noneo'tsstove where the camp ended. -nonov vai. stop talking. -nnva. He stopped talking. fai: -nov. -noohe vai. end jail time. -noohe. He served his jail time. See: -too'ehe. -nooh(n) vta. clear off s.o. 'se-noohnovo hesta'sho. They cleared off the snow. [1987:30] nhts'e na. Leave Everything Woman. -noo'e vai. end; be at. esp. of a ridge or mountain range. Ho'hon'e -noo'e. The mountain (lit. rock)
comes to an end. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -amoo'e; -phponoo'e.
-noo'koh vii. stop raining. -noo'kho. It stopped raining. See: -nt; -hoo'koh. -noom vai. molt.Literally: end-robe. -noma. He (esp. a snake) is molting. -noomaeohts vii. storm stop. eva-noomaehtse The storm has ended. -nse'stoveh vii. fire burn down; die down. -nse'stovha the fire has died down. -nse'stovoo'e vii. there be hot coals. -nse'stovoo'e there are hot coals. -nse'hahe vai. voice die down. -nse'hahe his voice died down (for example, after he had been
shouting). Final: -e'hahe.
-nothta
vti. release s.t. from the mouth, spit out s.t. Nva-nothta. I spit it out. oese'han spit. otm.
[pd723]
See: -
-notm vta. release s.o. from the mouth. -notomo He released him from his mouth. [PD723] Final: -notots't vti. spit out s.t. quickly. -notots'ta. I spit it out quickly. notots'thtse! Spit it out
quickly! See: -oese'han spit.
-notovh(n) vta. chop off neck of s.o. -notovhnho He chopped his neck off.
-notov's vta. cut off neck of s.o. -notov'sho. He cut his neck off. BodyPartMedial: -notov. See: 'enotov's.
-notovvo'as vta. Medial: -notov.cut off neck of s.o. mstato'see'-notovvo'shevhe He almost

cut his neck off. [JOURNEY.TXT]
-notsehe
vai. stop smoking (of a person). Etymology: cf. M po:nanosow. -notsehe. He stopped smoking. vai. stop working. See: -hotse'ohe; -m'totse'ohe. -notse'ohe He quit working. enotse'hestove It is already time to quit working.
-notse'ohe
nvne ni. our (incl.) camp; our (incl.) home. Usage: obsolescing. See: hvnve his camp. nve ni. Variant: nvo. your home. Usage: obsolescing; this is the traditional pronunciation.. nvo ni. your home. Usage: obsolescing.Variant: nve. -novo'a'ham vta. throw off s.o. (esp. a blanket). -novo'a'hamho hoomaho He threw off the blanket.
Nma'xe-novo'a'hamahtse I jerked (the blanket) off myself. [1987:195]
-novo''ham vta. throw covers off of s.o. N-novo''hamahtse I threw my covers off. -nxe'a'h vii. movie end. -nxe''ha. That's the end of the show. See: -mxe'a'ha. -nxe'stn
vai. vai. stop school. See: -nostn. ts-nxe'stnese dropouts (lit. those who quit school). [1987:61] 2 vai. have a flush (in cards). N-nxe'stne I have a flush (in a game of cards). conjunct prefix; cf. - takes past tense as '-. Nsahne'enhe to'semanstse I don't know if (whether) he's going to drink. Mk'e nhtsstovho Ame'ha'o messtse ho'vohktse. Mokee'e asked Ame'ha'e if she is eating meat. Nonsttssta hetmo. I'm testing it to see if it's true. Nsahne'enhe '-oomhtse. I don't know if he hit him. hpo '-naotsstse mxhesetamaehevhe likewise, "(I don't know) whether he is asleep," she was wondering about him (1980:66:73). heehe m'se ve'hahtsvtse ts'the tsohkeehne'enose hov'he Hey, I thought we had someone along that would know something (1987:40). -hetmstove (I'm wondering) if it is the truth. See: m'se.
- pfx. conjunct prefix (+non-factive complement); whether; if. Notes (Phonology) perhaps the initial - is a
ohthohtsstse
na. sharpening stone; whetstone; file.Pl: ohthohtseto. Obviative: ohthohtseto. See: -ehahts; ehaseo'o.
-ohov vai. be nervous. esp. of a horse, for example, that doesn't want to be caught, or a wife running
from her husband, not wanting to be caught. See: -nontovahe. -ohva He is nervous.
-ohts vai. wander, go around, roam; travel around. -htse. He went around. Contracted: -veohts.
See: -eotse; -va'xe.
-eosevon vai. be jealous over husband. See: -nvt. -eosevna She's jealous over her husband. eoto p. forget; disregard. "Eoto, hmseestse!" 'hkhetaehoono hevsenho. "Forget about it! Come
eat!" he was told by his friend. (1980:38:21).
-eotse vai. left. refers esp. to when a child is left after everyone else is gone (like when their parents are
late coming to pick them up). See: -eeotse; -he'eotse; -nxheve.
sepv. into. -se'k'o. He peeked inside. Etymology: *piinci within. -es mbp. 1 nose. ma'e-esvose. He has a red nose from the cold. Ntoe-se. My nose is cold. thpe'ese. He has a big nose. tshe'seeshe elephant (lit. long-nosed-one). 'ese Broken Nose. kse-es-hotame pig (lit. short-nosed-dog). See: ma-'evo nose; -'es buttock(s). Etymology:
cf. *-cya:0e:. 2 nose (upper front part) of a moccasin. na'he-esoxa'hnstse They (esp. moccasins) have three beaded rows on the "noses".
-seehe vai. move in. for example, to move into a new house. -seehe. He moved in. -senan
vta. vti. put s.t./s.o. in. See: -nan. -senna He put it in. -senanho He put him in. ohkemhaa'-senanhtseo'o enva They used to be buried in sandrock caves. -senane v'hostva He is laid in a coffin.
-sees'
vai. nosey.Literally: into-nose-??. -sees'o. He's nosey; puts his nose in other people's business. Usage: probably a loan transl.. See: -seesmeohe.
-seesmeohe vai. nosey; interfering.Literally: into-nose-run. -seesmeohe. He's nosey; is crashing the
party. Usage: probably a loan transl.. See: -sees'.
shahtahtsesttse ni. stirrup.Pl: shahtahtsstottse. -shaht' vai. put foot into. -shaht'o. He put his foot (or feet) into (something). for example, to
put your feet into stirrups.
-shahtno'ham vai. shoe horses. -shahtno'hme. He shoed horses.Literally: into-foot-horse. -sha'hahts vti. throw s.t. into. -sha'hhtse. He threw it nto/inside. See: -ha'hahts. -she'on'o
vai. 1 put hand into (something). Hestsnva s-he'on'o. She puts her hand in her mouth. BodyPartMedial: -he'on. 2 motor mouth; extremely talkative; talkative - very. idiomatic meaning from image of something getting stuck in your mouth and you just keep on talking. Usage: fig..
-sht vta. come in to s.o. Taa'va msto'se-shtaehevovhe. At night he was going to come into
(their tepee). (1987:333). Ntaosane-stshto. I went in to see him. See: -ho'ht.
[BERTHA.TXT]
Final: -eht.
s'e na. your friend (female friend of a female). See: -vse'e ??. -se'eh
vta. put something in s.o.'s eyes for medicine. -se'ehho. He put it in his eye. Nse'ehahtse. I put eye drops in my eyes..
-se''e vii. leak. -se''e. It's leaking. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -ne''e; -h'oohts; -mhe''e. se'eseo'o ni. eye drops. -s'ha vai. fly into. -s'ha. He flew in. -se'hahtotse vai. put foot in. for example, to put your foot into a hole in ground. -se'hahtotse. He
put his foot into (esp. a hole). See: -shaht'.
-se'hoohe vai. fly into. -se'hoohe. He flew into. -se'svo vii. flow into. for instance, for water to flow into a basement. -se'svo. It's flowing into. fii: 'sev.
semhe na. your younger sibling. -semohe vai. push in. -semohe He pushed/forced his way in. fai: -mohe. sne na. your friend (male friend of a male). See: -vsene. -seneenh(n) vta. command s.o. to enter. N-seneenhno. I commanded him to enter. [pd272] senhane na. our friend (male to male). -senstovoeh vii. hot coals left. -senstovha. There are hot coals left. -seeem vta. throw s.o. into. -seeemho. He threw him into. Nta-seeemone ho'stva Let's
throw him into the fire! xaev'ne-seoeemho. He dunked him (the ball, animate).
-seoha'ov vta. corral s.o. -seoha'ovho. He corraled them. -seoh't vti. bring in s.t. Ne'-seoh'thtse tshe'htomtse mshesttse! Bring in our leftover food!
(Stamper 1991:4).
-seohva vai. flee into. -seohva. He fled into. for example, to flee into a house. -seohts vai. go into. -sehtse He went into. See: -stsehn. -seohtsh vta. bring in s.o. -seotseho. He brought him in. See: -seotseh; -ho'eotseh; -stseohtsh. seohtshesv'e ni. quicksand.Literally: go.into.sand. seohtsv'e na. Going In Woman. seohtsv'stse ni. stickers. these are not burrs, but long-tailed and arrow-shaped; they stick on you
as you walk through grass; children used to throw these at each other.
-se'e 1 vai. stand inside.
2 vii. thorn be in hole. esp. for a thorn or splinter to be under a fingernail. -se'e. He has a thorn under his fingernail. fai: -.
seos'ohttse ni. thimble.Literally: into-finger-?-thing. -seotseh vta. bring in s.o. for example, to have a funeral for s.o. -seotshho. He took him in. See: ho'eotseh; -stseohtsh.
-ssvanohe vai. slide in (esp. in baseball). ta-ssvanohe. He slid in. sso na. your cousin. See: -vssono ??. -sstsem vta. drag in s.o. -sstsemho He drug him in. Final: -htsem. sevoh- pv. throw into. sevaohhohtseme basketball (lit. throw into-ball). -sevohe vai. vti. throw (s.t.) into, play basketball. This verb is used for 'play basketball' since the ball
is thrown into the hoop. See: -vohe; -asevohe. -sevohe. He threw it in(side). (for example, inside the house). astome-sevohe. He made a free throw. Nth-esevohmne! Let's go play basketball! Nvhe hestoha ts-sevooestse? Who (singular) made the most baskets? sevoestse! Shoot! (command used in playing basketball).
sevohhhtsme na. basketball (the ball itself). -sevon vai. jealous of spouse. -sevna. He/She is jealous of his/her spouse. See: -oesevon. sevho'esanesttse ni. trash can.Literally: into-throw.away-thing. -sevo'e'ov vta. chase in s.o. -sevo'e'ovho He chased him in. See: -stxe'ov. -sevo'ee vai. slide in. esp. in baseball. -sevo'e. He slid in. -sevo'oh(n)
vta. knock in s.o., pound in s.o. by tool. stams-esevo'hntsenhoono. She really pounded the (horn) in. [1987:271] mhe-sevo'hnho. He hit them all in (can be used in baseball for a grandslam, but is also used for vulgar humor). The vulgarity would refer to slamming one's balls (testicles) "in" during intercourse. Medial: -evo'.
svn'e na. Buffalo Cow Woman. sevona'kso na. Buffalo Calf Woman. See: M'ksa'kso. sevone1 na. 1 buffalo herd; female buffalo. Etymology: cf. Ar h0einoon (corresp.?). See: hhkha'e;
hotoa'e; -sevone.Pl: sevono. Obviative: sevono. 2 Sacred Buffalo Hat. When used to mean 'Sacred Buffalo Hat', it is thought to be the older Cheyenne term in contrast with newer usage of hhkha'e.
-sevone2 vii. sound enter; sound come in. See: sevone; -amvone. -sevone The sound entered. Final: vone.
-sevonehn vai. Final: -vonehn.crawl into. -sevonhne. He crawled into. [1987:42] sevonhehn'e na. Buffalo Comes Out Woman. sevonem'hn'e na. Buffalo Appearing Woman. -sha'hahts vti. shove s.t. -sha'hhtse. He shoved it. sh'o na. dew cloth; lining (inside of tepee).Pl: sheono. some of these are beaded. -soh(n) vta. miss s.o. esp. in handgame guessing. refers to not finding the bone that s.o. has hidden in
a handgame. N-sohe. He missed me. N-shno. I missed him. (that is, the player; refers to not finding his bone). -shnho. He missed him; missed guessing the handgame player's bone. vai: -shov. See: pnhta.
-shoh vti. push s.t. with a tool. -hha. He pushed it with a tool. -shh(n) vta. push s.o. by tool. for example, pushed his car with his own car. -shohno. He pushed
him with a tool. -shh'e. He (obviative) pushed him.
-sh'hhtse vti. shove s.t.; push s.t. -sh'hhtse He shoved it. -sh'ham
vta. shove s.o., push s.o. -sh'hamho. He shoved him. -sh'ham'e. He (obviative) shoved him. See: -shn; -a'ham; -anho'ham.
-sh'han vta. push s.o. -sh'hanho He pushed him (by hand?).
-sh'ov vta. push off s.o. (inside ?) (off?). tshv'ho'ksetse stathee-sh'ovsesto (sho'?) He
pushed him toward the light. (1980:34:26).
-shn
vti. push s.t. for example, push with body or shoulder. Nase-shna. I pushed it away. shnhtse! Push it (for example, a car)! See: -asevo'koh. vta. push s.o. N-shnoo'o. I pushed them (an.). -shono. He pushed him. -shnho. He pushed him. (pronunciation of younger speakers). -shn'e. He (obviative) pushed him. ameshnho hem'evotamo. She is pushing her baby along (for example, in a stroller). See: sh'ham; .
-shoha' vai. penetrate. lit., into-penis-quick.action. See: -shn. -shoh'o. He penetrated. -shov vai. miss in trying to guess the handgame bone. See: -nshov; -ov; -amhn. Antonym: m'hov. -shva. He missed his trying to find, by guessing, the handgame bone.
sse
p. nevertheless; expression meaning something like 'hard; with force'. Variant: sse. sse to'senvo It is going to come quickly (referring to an epedemic to come severely to
Cheyennes; predicted by a medicine man).
st- i. into. -stsehn He entered. -est fti. vti. by speech. fta: -em. -st fai. sound; make sound. perhaps esp. a loud sound. h'-sta. He's cheering/shouting. he'ha-sta.
He keeps coughing. h-sta. He screamed. ho'h-sta. He was heard from a distance. 'khm-sta. He's making coyote sounds. pe'pe'-stao'o. They are hollering. See: -vanen; ho'he-; -'eme. fii: -vone.
-sth'en vai. <spa
H-h
h-1
tns. past tense. Notes (Phonology) allomorphs are x-; '-; s-; - by assimilation or dissimilation? In
independent verbs this refers to a "distant" past. The degree of distance in the past of h- varies according to context and the point of view of the speaker. Forms unmarked for tense are either present tense or recent past, for example, nmne 'he is singing' or 'he sang.' The /h-/ changes to x, ', s, or , depending on what letter follows: x before h, ' before a vowel, s before s, and before . -hnmne. He sang. (note nmne 'he is singing; or he sang (near past)'). xhontovsesto. They cooked him. (attributive mode). -'eneohtssesto. There were two of them. (attributive mode). -ssvanhoono. They slid. (preterite mode). ts-hmhotatse because he loved us. See: h-2 OBL; -htse1 future.
h-2 tns. past tense, location, cause in conjunct verbs. The /h-/ changes to x, ', s, or , depending on what
letter follows: x before h, ' before a vowel, s before s, and before . ts-hmhotatse because he loved us. ts-xho'svse when they danced/where they danced. See: h-1 past tense; location; cause.
-h sfx. TA final. Nn'-ho. I killed him. Nman-ho. I made him. Nna'-xe. You killed me. N'e-e.
Thank you (lit. you did me well). Notes (Phonology) allomorphs are -; -x
-h fii. tune. See: -theeh. -nheha It is that kind of song tune. sa-nhehhane It is not sung that
way/that is the wrong tune. -sehnstse They (for example, Arapaho and Cheyenne songs) have the same tunes.
-ha sfx. hortative suffix. V'hoohtoha! Let him look at it. Vvxe hevenheenone-ha! Good for him and
his songs! (sarcastic exclamation) (1987:30). Ho'etone-ha! Let it snow! Nhesne-ha! Let it be so!
-h fii. lie. See: -eh. Etymology: *-h0en(e). h- i. much. requires a following vowel, typically e, as in he- ?? -homhtahe. He is sick. -hna.
He is hungry.
ha- pv. see he-. Notes (Phonology) these sequences can sound like -he... and vice versa haahe p. hello; yes. a greeting of friendship among males. Also said to be an older male form of
saying 'yes'; today most men use hehe'e, which is said to have been a female form in the past. (another voice) See: noo; hehe'e.
-haeno'e
vii. taste strong. -haeno'e. It has a strong taste (for example, chile). Reduplicated: ha'heno'e.
-haeho't vii. be very sunny. -haeh'ta. It's sunny/it's hot from the sun. This term is the one usually
used when referring to a bright, sunny day; it appears that this term refers exclusively to heat generated by the sun, whereas -hoho't can also refer to heat from other sources. See: -hoho't.
-haenove vai. tease, play tricks, hyper. -haenove. He teased/he is hyper. for example, of a hyper
child, or a person who plays tricks on people; can even be of a person who has died who plays tricks on peoples. See: -n'so'emetahe; -h'heetovnove; -hesenove.
-haenvem
vta. tease s.o., play tricks on s.o. -haenvemho. He played tricks on him. See: n'so'em; -vstaenvem; -ho'em. na. jokester, clown. Obviative: haenvetanho. See: mstaevsanehe; -hoo'henove.Pl: haenvetaneo'o.
haenvetane
-haeome vai. very fat. -haeome He is really fat. Synonym: -he'keome. -hahe
vai. smart. -hahe. He is smart. ohk-haheo'o tshoestose. The readers are smart. See: hatamaahe; -hne'enovahe; -oto'xovahe. Ho'ntaeohtva=ta'se='e-hahtanvhtse naa mto mxho'ntaveohtvaehohatamaahtanvhtse. They did not keep acting mean and also they did not keep
-hahtan vai. be feisty, act tough, act mean, want to fight. See: -hahe. -hahtno. He acts tough.
acting tough. [1987:54]
-hahetan'tov vta. want to fight s.o., act tought toward s.o. ohk-hahetan'tovho. He acts tough
toward him. Hee'haho v'-hahetannoto. He is acting tough because he knows his son will back him up. for example, maybe the son is a boxer and the father wants his son to fight someone; the father is picking the fight but wants to fight through his son). nae'ha nv'hahetanontse I want to start a fight with him thinking my son will defend me (for example, because my son is a boxer).
hahk- i. very small. Hahke'vho na. Littlechief. -hahketa vai. be very small, be little. "teensy-weensy"; smaller than -tketa. -hahketa. He is little.
See: -tketa.
hahketa p. small; little one(s). esp. of small or younger people. Antonym: mma'haeta. hahp- i. large. hahpe'pv. loudly, wide. Hahpe'-estsstoveha! Speak louder to him! Hahpe'-nheeha! Say it loudly! -hahpe'e-nsthtse. It (esp. the door) opened widely. i. -hahpe'onova. He spoke loudly! Hahpe'-ostnstse! Read louder!
-hahpe'as vai. Medial: -as.have a big belly. ho-hahpe'se He has a really big belly (1980:67:7). hahpe'e p. much, a lot. See: tke'e; hesto. -hahpe'enohts vii. snow getting deep. -hahpe'enhtse. The snow is getting deep. -hahpe'enoo'e vii. deep snow. -hahpe'enoo'e. The snow is deep. hahpe'enoo'ehe? Is the snow
deep? sa-hahpe'enoo'hane. The snow is not deep. See: -thpe'enoo'e; -vhpeenoo'e. Antonym: -tke'enoo'e. Notes (Phonology) not vs
-hahpe'e'hahe
vai. speak loudly; holler loudly. -hahpe'e'hahe. He's hollering. Hahpe'e'hahe! Holler loudly! (said to more than one person). See: -hst.
-hahpe'e'sev vii. flow a lot. -hahpe'e'svo. It's flowing a lot. -hahpe'emenoo'

vii. be large berry-shaped. -hahpe'emeno'e It (berry) hahpe'emenoo'e It is large (berry-shaped). Notes (Phonology) not vs
is large. -
-hahpe'ene'ho't vii. be a big room. -hahpe'ene'h'ta it's a big room. -hahpe'eotse vii. be very wide; enlarge. for example, of a river, or of someone's heart. Naa msthahpe'eotshanhe 'he'e. And the river was really wide. [1987:291]
-hahpe'vanen
vai. fart loudly, make loud noises. refers to farts only by inference. hahpe'vnne He farted loudly. fai: -vanen. See: -pnestse; -he'eme; -thpe'vanen.
-hahpe' vii. huge. -hahp'o. It is huge. See: -thpe'; -ma'hao'; -vonao'. -hahpe'omhtahe
vai. be proud. See: -hatam; -phvatam. -hahpe'omhtahe He thinks he (himself) is big/he is proud.
-hahpe'nov vai. talk loudly. -hahpe'nva. He talked loudly. See: -thpe'nov. -hahpeta vai. huge. -hahpeta. He is huge. See: -thpeta; -ma'haeta. -hahtohe vai. make a lot of noise, noisy, sound loudly. -hahtohe. He's making a lot of noise. can
also refer to making something sound like a bad story, for instance, about someone in the hospital. Reduplicated: -hohahtohe.
-ha'e
na. paternal aunt (poss.). n-ha'e my paternal aunt (referential and voc.). Etymology: *nesekwihsa. Notes (Phonology) apocope; vs; iah vai: -he-haehe.
-ha'ahe vai. be old. See: -na'he. -ha'ahe He is old. Non-contracted: -ha'hahe. -ha'hahe
vai. old. Reduplicated: -htaa'hahe; Antonym: -the'khahe. -ha'hahe. He is old/he is older/he is an elder. ts-ha'hahese the elders. ts-ha'haestse the elder. Contracted: -ha'ahe; Reduplicated: -t'hahe.
-ha'host vii. high. esp. of a hill. htshhe tsstaanh'etse tsx-ha'hsta here where we are
parked on this hill (1987:190). See: -ha'ho'ost; -ha'ho'omeno.
-ha'hhta vai. take a long time. -ha'hhta. He took a long time. See: -ha'hoo'e; -he'hoht; vone'hoht.
-ha'ho'ose vai. 1 be high; tall; hang high.Literally: high-hang. for example, height of a horse, dog,
cow, etc., but not a person. Tallness of a person, and animals that stand on two feet, is referred to with -ha'stahe. The height of a clock hanging on a wall is referred to with -hosen. ha'ho'ose. He is high/tall. See: -hose. 2 fig., elevated; esteemed; important.
-ha'ho'osem
vta. think highly of s.o. N-ha'ho'osmo I think highly of him. saha'ho'osemhtsheo'o They don't think highly of themselves/they are humble.
-ha'ho'osemhtahe vai. conceited.Literally: high-hang-feel. -ha'ho'osemhtahe. He thinks he's

pretty high (for example, he's conceited). fai: -omhtahe.
-ha'ho'ost
vii. 1 high.Literally: high-hang. for example, of a cliff (but not hill or mountain), building, high step, chair, house, wagon. See: -he'kho'ost. -ha'ho'osta. It's high. mxhehp-ha'ho'osthanhe (the side of the pit) was much higher (1987:95). 2 important. Usage: fig.. naa mto ts-ha'ho'osta htseto'stxemee'stse and also what is very important, when it is talked about (1987:55). vii. flow wide. Mstaet't-ha'ho'om'sevhanetshe. The water was at the widest point. [1987:276] Final: -e'sev.
-ha'ho'ome'sev
-ha'ho'omen vii. high (of a mountain or hill). used of a mountain or hill, but not of a cliff or
cutbank. -ha'ho'omno. It's a high mountain. Hohose -ha'ho'omno. The hill is high. tao'stshe'htse tsx-ha'ho'omenotse He is going to go to the high mountains. Final: o'omeno.
-ha'homa'o'e vii. far; long ways. See: h'e; -ha'es. t-ha'homa'o'e. It is a long ways. -ha'hoo'e vai. stay a long time. -ha'hoo'e. He stayed a long time. Nsa-ha'hohe. I didn't stay a
long time. M'ta'ho-ha'hoehevhe. They had been there for a long time. (1987:40). Notes (Phonology) vs Reduplicated: -hoha'hoo'e; Antonym: -nenvoo'e. See: -ha'hoht; -a'enoo'e; hoo'e; -nhe'hoo'e.
-ha'hotoo'e vii. be a deep hole. -ha'hotoo'e. It (hole) is deep. See: -vone'hotoo'e; -ho'tame; tnetaa'too'e. Notes (Phonology) not vs
-ha'hotse'ohe vai. work long hours. Nohk-ha'hotse'ohe. I work long hours. -ha'shaht vai. long feet - have. -ha'shhta. He has long feet. BodyPartMedial: -haht. See: t'shhta.
-ha'sena'va vai. have a long sleeve. -ha'sena'va. He has a long sleeve ; he has long arms.
Antonym: -the'ksena'va.
-ha'es vii. far; long; tall. -t'es seems to be about a longer distance than this word; this word could
be used, for example, of a table being long. -ha'so. It's far away. fii: 'es; Antonym: -ks. See: -t'es; -tshe'es; -tshe'kes; h'e; -ha'homa'o'e.
ha'es(t)- i. long. -ha'stahe vai. tall, long. -ha'stahe. He is tall. V'ho'e x-ha'staestse Tall Whiteman. This word
is used of humans and other beings (for example, bears, turkeys, roosters) that stand on two feet; used of babies (because they are human) even though they do not yet stand on their feet. See: -htaa'st'ohe; ha'ho'osen; -tne'stahe. Synonym: -tshe'stahe; Antonym: -tshe'kstahe; fai: -e'stahe.
Ha'sthtane na. Tallman. -ha'sta' vai. have long hair. -ha'st'e. He has long hair. Usage: probably more commonly used
than -tshe'sta'. Synonym: -tshe'sta'.
Ha'sta'he
Long Hair. General George Custer's Indian name. Usage: probably used less than Tshe'sta'he.
-ha'stanan vti. vta. lengthen s.t./s.o. -ha'stanna. He lengthened it. -ha'sthos vai. long penis. -h'sthse He has a long penis. [Croft] Medial: -ohos. -ha'st'ohe vai. be tall (of tree). the height is taller than -tshe'st'ohe. -ha'st'ohe. He (some
animate growing thing, such as a tree) is tall. See: -ha'stahe; -ha'ho'ose; -ha'es; t'st'ohe. Final: -'ohe; Medial: '(e)- 'wood'. Reduplicated: -htaa'st'ohe.
-ha'st'o'e vii. tall of growth. -ha'st'o'e. It is tall. of something that grows in height. -ha'sto't vii. tall, high. for example, of a building or tent (but not of a tepee, because a tepee has
"standing" poles). See: -ha'ho'ost. V'ho'ome -ha'st'ta. The tent is tall/high. Final: -o't.
-ha'stneehe vai. long ropelike. for example, of snakes, ropes, strings; can jokingly refer to a tall
man when he is lying on the ground. -ha'stneehe. He is long. sthke ts-ha'stneestse the long rope (1987:222-223). Medial: -n. See: -het'stneehe.
-ha'stn'o vii. grow tall. for instance, of a corn stalk. -ha'stn'o. It grew tall. See: -hne'. -ha'stneo'e
vii. long (of rope-shaped object). -ha'stneo'e It is long. Antonym: -the'kstneo'e.
[1987:222]
Medial: -n;
Ha'sto'onhe na. Longjaw. -ha'stxe'ohe vii. written long. for example, a Cheyenne word that has many letters. See: -ha'es.
-ha'stxe'ohe It's a long written word.
h'e
p. far. e'he h'e hose. The clock is high up. (for example, high up on the wall). Antonym: khkse. See: v'h'se; hk'e; hoh'e; hohtaa'e; -ha'es; -ha'homa'o'e.
ha'e- pv. long time, late, further. -ha'eestse. He spoke for a long time. -ha'taa'eve. It's a
long night. tsst-ha'etaa'eve when it was late at night. [1987:41] Hva nhtsevsha'evo'stanhvme. Perhaps we will live a long time. [1987:211] i. Mx-ha'enomhhe hestsevxva. He must have slept for a long time in his den. See: hehpe; tne'e-; he'e-; -he'e.
H'e xhsstse vai. From Far Away. Rev. Alfred Habegger's Indian name; not an original Ch.
name. See: -hse ??.
-ha'enome vai. sleep a long time. -ha'enome. He slept a long time. fai: -nme. See: ha'e-. -ha'h vii. windy. -h'ha. It is windy. IndepNoun: ha'hee. Ha'he'amehtse na. Windy Walker; Windwalker.
ha'hee ni. wind. Personified as one of the sacred powers, as Ha'hvhne. See: -ha'h. ha'hvhne
na. wind spirit. The wind spirit has been considered one of the sacred powers. See: ma'heono.
Ha'hv'e na. (woman's name). -ha'sev vii. flow fast. -ha'svo. It's flowing fast. -h'xan vai. cry hard. -h'xne. He cried hard. See: -a'xaame cry. -ha'xe vai. sparkle. Hothkeo'o ha'xeo'o. The stars are sparkling. -hama't vti. pained by s.t. does not mean to have been hurt by s.t., rather that the object of the verb is
the thing which hurts; the person feeling the pain is the subject of the verb. Note the difference in syntax between English and Ch. from the same semantic roles. -ham'ta. He is in pain by it/he hurts by it. N-ham'ta name'ko. My head hurts; I have a headache. -ham'ta heme'ko his head hurts. N-ham'ta nastoo'o. I have a sore throat. See: -neotse; -hanoma't; tvstaohts.
-hama'tov
vta. hurt with respect to s.o. (esp. a body part). see comment under -hama't (TI). nanstane n-hama'tvo my knee (an.) hurts. -hama'tovho hemo'kono his finger(s) hurt(s). vti: -hama't.
-hamseh vta. cause intense pain for s.o. -hamshaa'e. It's giving him bad pain. hanae- pv. 1 heavy. See: -hananeta.
2 respected; with responsibility. Usage: fig.. -hanaevo'stanheve. He lives a respected (lit.
heavy) life. (for example, a chief or Sundance priest).
-hanaeestsstov vta. seriously talk to s.o., talk seriously to s.o. -hanaeestsstovho. He's talking
serious matters to him. See: -estsstov.
-hanaesth vai. heavy hearted. -hanaestha. He is heavy-hearted. -hanaevotse'ohe vai. heavy work, work with heavy responsibility. -hanaevotse'ohe. He has a job
with heavy responsibility. for instance, work done by a medicine man or a chief.Variant: hanaotse'ohe.
-hananeta vai. heavy. -hananeta. He is heavy. vii: -hanan. -hanan vii. heavy. -hanno. It is heavy. vai: -hananeta; Antonym: -vhpanan. -hanao'xe
vai. carry heavy load. -hanao'xe. He carried a heavy load on his back. fai: -o'xe; Antonym: -vhpanao'xe. See: -hano'xe. vai. carry heavy load. -hanao'xotse. He's carrying a heavy burden. fai: -o'xe; Antonym: -vhpanao'xotse. See: -hano'xe awake a long time.
-hanao'xeotse
-hanaotse'ohe vai. heavy work, work with heavy responsibility. -hanaotse'ohe. He has a job with
heavy responsibility. for instance, work done by a medicine man or a chief. Variant: hanaevotse'ohe.
-hano'xe vai. awake a long time. for example, to stay awake two or three nights when a child is sick.
-hano'xe. He stayed up a long time. See: -hanao'xe carry a heavy load. fai: -no'xe.
-hanno'e vii. be a mess; look messy. -hanno'e. It looks messy. osee-hanno'e It's really a mess
(for example, a toddler's scribblings on paper).
-haostn vai. high price. -haostne. His price is too high ; he wants a higher price. fai: -ostn. -haovahe vai. rich. -haovahe. He is rich. -hae'e vai. very drunk, drink much. -hae'e. He's very drunk. Non-assimilated: -hase'e; fai: -as'e. -hatam vta. think highly of s.o. N-htmo. I think highly of him. -hatamho. He thinks highly of
him. ts-hatamhtsese those who think highly of themselves. ho-hatamhtseo'o. They are acting tough. Notes (Phonology) hpo vti: -htsest. vai: -hatan. High regard of self is considered quite negative within Cheyenne culture. Final: -tam, -o't. See: -haoem; -ono'tam; -phvtam.
-hatamaahe vai. be powerful; great; smart. See: -hahe. -hatamaahe. He is smart (or powerful).
tsheho-hatamaaheto that you are great. [1987:233] Reduplicated: -hohatamaahe.
-hatamaah'tov vta. empower s.o. ma'heo'o n-hatamaah'tova God made me powerful/strong. -hatamaahetan vai. act tough; act high and mighty. ho'ntaeohtva=ta'se='ehahetanovhtse naa
mto mxho'ntave-ohtvaeho-hatamaahetanvhtse They did not keep acting mean and also they did not keep acting tough (1987:54). Reduplicated: -hohatamaahetan.
-hatamno'e vii. be terrible weather; be rough weather (for example, stormy, muddy); be a terrible
situation. Notes (Phonology) iah -hatamno'e. It's tough weather. See: -hohatamno'e.
-hatamao' vai. laugh intensely. -hatama'o. He's laughing intensely. Reduplicated: -hohatama'o. -hatan vai. frightened, very scared, have intense feeling. -hatno. He is very scared. for example,
to be scared that something will happen to you as punishment. vta: -htam.
-hatanotse vai. become frightened, come to a strong (usually bad) frame of mind. -hatanotse He
become highly agitated. Reduplicated: -hohatanotse.
-hatov vii. much smoke, big fire. See: -hotsehe. -hatva. It's a big fire ; there's lots of smoke.
Medial: -atov.
-htsest vti. think highly of, greatly value, troubled at; amazed at s.t. See: -ototsest. N-htssta. I
think highly of it. Notes (Phonology) HPO vta: -hatam.
-hatsstomov
vta. think highly of; greatly value; be struck by; be troubled at; be amazed. Nhatsstomvo tshet'se I was stuck/amazed by what he said to me (for example maybe it was
the first time he had ever said such a thing to me).
-havo'e'ov vta. affect s.o. strongly. -havo'e'ovho. He said something to him that offended him
greatly. -havo'e'oo'e. It affected him a lot (for example, got him really mad). See: -hevo'e'ov.
he- pv. very, intense, much. -hetonto. It is really cold. M'-hetonevhanhe. It must have been
late fall (1987:29). See: hohe-; osee-; heve-; ma'xe-; nse-.
-hean vai. hungry. -hna. He is hungry. N-hna. I am hungry. N-heanahe? Are you hungry?
Nho-hna. I'm very hungry. Nosee-hna. I'm extremely hungry. There are a number of
idiomatic ways of speaking of being very hungry; Cheyennes enjoy saying them, including: Mnoseeheanhhe; nhahpo nhee'hna. I must have been hungry; I ate everything up. Nt'eashahponne. I'm really hungry [lit. I'm about to get lock jaw (that is, clenched teeth)]. Nssveanotse. I'm really hungry (so hungry I'm weak). No'xna. I'm really hungry (lit., I'm bursting with hunger). Final: -an. See: -mshtan; -nontoveana; -hn; -o'xean.
-heanotse vai. become hungry. N-heanotse. I've already become hungry. -heanvne vai. hungry face. -heanvne. He looks hungry. -heanot vta. beat up s.o. badly. -heanotho. He really beat him up. -heet vii. snow intensely, snow very much, snow hard. -hto. It's snowing really hard. fii: -et. -heesenehe
vai. have plenty to eat; have much meat. Meat is considered an essential part of the Cheyenne diet. If there is plenty of meat, it is considered that there is plenty of food to eat. See: -osenehe; -'etse; othme-. -heesenehe He has lots of meat; he has plenty to eat. stanheho-heesenhsesto They had plenty to eat (attrib) (1980:3:65). haa'e my aunt. he-haeho his/her paternal aunt(s). Notes (Phonology) vs
-haeh na. paternal aunt. See: -haa'e. This person is call "auntie" in English in the Cheyenne system. n-heh vta. overwhelm s.o. by startling. -hehho. He startled him so much he was overwhelmed.
Reduplicated: -hoheh. See: -t'omeh; -voneh.
hehne'enovhesttse
learning.
ni. higher education. See: -hne'enovahe. Usage: neologism.Literally: much-
he-hetva obl. late evening. See: hetva. -he'aht

vti. really go for the taste of s.t. N-h'hta. I really like its taste. ho-he'htnvo ho'vohktse. They (for example, Cheyennes) really go for the taste of meat. See: -ve't. Final: -'aht. h'sne. He really goes for the taste of alcohol. hmhaeho-he'sne He used to really drink (1987:200). vti: -he'aht.
-he'sen vai. really go for the taste of drink. usually refers to the taste of alcohol. See: -ase'e. -
-he'at vta. like taste of s.o. -he'atho. He likes the taste of him (for example, a fish). he'ho'ose-estsesttse ni. hard; difficult word.Literally: high-hang-word. -he'hahe vai. powerful voice, sing loudly, loud voice. -he'hahe. He has a powerful voice; he sings
loudly. Medial: -e'hahe. See: -thpe'nov.
-he'hanotse vai. eat much quickly. N-he'hanotse. I ate a lot quickly. Final: -e'han. -he'ot vta. very much like to eat s.o. See: -ho't; -hons't. Noseeho-he'otoo'o You really like the
taste of them (for example, fish). vti: -ha'aht.
-he'eme
vai. make loud noise. -he'eme. He's making loud sounds. hahpe'vanen; -thpe'vanen.
fai: -'eme. See: -
-he'emt vii. be a loud sound. See: -vone. -he'emto It is a loud sound. -he'xove vii. be a long time. -he'xove. It is a long time. ohksa-he'xvhane. It doesn't take a
long time. Nsanxevavomhe tan-he'xvetse. I had not seen him for awhile. Quite awhile went by. (1987:173). Final: -'xove.
-he'xveotse vii. be a long time. sa-he'xveotshanhetse a'e xho'ho'oohe. It wasn't very long
after that she came home. (1987:197).
he'xvva obl. quite awhile; much time; for a long time. tshne'vh'htsvse he'xvva after they
came back quite awhile from over there. [1987:44] See: h'e; ha'e-; ttseha; vaveto; ame'xvva; nomse. Antonym: nenve'xvva.
-hem vta. say something outrageous to s.o., say something outrageous to s.o. -hemho. He said
something outrageous about him. fai: -em. See: -oo'hem; -n'so'em.
-hema'h vii. smell strong, strong smell. -hem'ha. It smells strong. Synonym: -nsema'h. -hema'xe vai. smell strong, strong smell. usually a bad smell. -hema'xe. He has a strong smell.
Synonym: -nsema'xe; Final: -ma'xe.
-hemehos vai. have a smelly penis. -hemehse. He has a smelly penis. Usage: vulgar. Medial: hos.
-hemeotse
vai. vii. smell strong. usually bad smelling. -hemeotse. It smells strong. See: nsemeotse. See: -vstaenvem.
-henvem vta. say something strong about s.o. -henvemho. He said something awful about him. -hn vai. awful face. for example, from being beat up really bad. -hn. He has an awful looking
face. BodyPartMedial: -n. See: -han teary-eyed; -henevoov.
-han m. teary eyed. momhpe'-hane. He has watery eyes. t's-hane. He has long tears. See: n eye; -hn awful face.
-hn'o vai. have a shocked face, have a crying face. -hn'o. He has a shocked face. -henevoov vai. face all beat up. -hnvva. His face was all beat up. See: -hn; face. -heno' vai. 1 kill a lot.Literally: much-kill. See: -meno' kill on the sly.
2 take advantage for self. Usage: fig.. -hen'e. He's taking advantage for himself. for example, getting the best job for himself. fai: -no'. See: -hestoh.
-henome vai. sleep much; sleep soundly; likes to sleep. -henome. He slept soundly. fai: -nme.
See: -nhkhnome.
-hnne vai. sing loudly, loudly sing. -hnne. He is singing loudly. fai: -non. -henno'e vii. look bad; look intense. often refers to looking bad, but can refer to being very pretty. henno'e. It looks bad. Antonym: -phvenno'e. See: -henohe; -hohenohe.
-henohe1 vai. swarm; be many in number. -henoheo'o. They is a swarm of them (for example,
many flies, people, fish). Objects described by hestxeo'o can be counted, but with henoheo'o they are not perceived as being countable. Used only with plural subjects. See: hestoxe; -hetanevo'e; -henohe2 look badly beaten up; -hohenohe.
-henohe2 vai. look badly beaten up. -henohe. He really looks beat up. See: -henohe1 be many; hohenohe.
-heoestho'h(n) vta. badly burn s.o. -heoestho'he. He was badly burned. -heoesta'h vii. windy very suddenly. -heoest'ha. It is suddenly very windy. -heoeee
vai. fall and get hurt badly. -heoee. He got hurt badly falling. See: -hanee; hoheoeee.
-heohe vai. run fast. -heohe. He's running fast. See: -nevo'hotse. Heohe'hme na. Fast Horse. Heohmahpe ni. Rapid River, Rapid City, South Dakota.Literally: rapid-water. Variant: Heoho'h'e. Heohm's'e na. Fast Runner Calf. a nickname for one of several men named M's'e; the same
man (Heoh-m's'e) was sometimes called Hohnhka-m's'e.
Heoho'h'e
ni. Rapid River. Cheyenne name for river from which Rapid City, SD, gets its name.Variant: Heohmahpe.
-heohvo'ham vai. have a fast horse. -heohvo'hme He has a fast horse/fast horses. -heohts vii. affect intensely. -hehtse. It's working on him bad (like a drug). -heo't vii. bleed much. See: -ma'veotse; -t'hoeotse; -heht. -he'ta It (wound) is bleeding much.
ho-he'ta It (wound) is bleeding bad.
-heome vai. fat. -heome. He is fat. See: -he'keome; -thpe'as. -hemeotse vai. big bellied. Nma'x-hemeotse. I have gotten a big belly. BodyPartMedial: -ome. -heotse vai. vii. worsen. See: -hoheotse. -heotse. It got worse. -hesan vai. dress flashy. -hesne. He is dressed flashy. fai: -san2; Reduplicated: -hohesan. -hesenove -hsta
vai. quick tempered. -hesenove. He is mean / he gets mad a lot. See: -haenove; momta'ehe; -momta'eotse; -hesth; -henove; -senvahe. vai. scream, holler loudly, make a lot of noise. -hsta. He screamed. Final: -st. See: pe'pe'st; -hahpe'e'hahe. -hestaenao'o. They have many branches.
-hestaen vai. have many branches.Variant: -hesthestaen. -hestana. He (tree) has many branches. -hestha vai. cranky, have a tantrum, pout.Literally: intense-hearted. said to be an emotion for children,
while -momta'eotse is for adults; not as strong an emotion as -momta'eotse. -hestha. He is pouting. vta: -hesth'tov. See: -hansth; -hanomsth; -hesenove; -momta'eotse.
-hesth'tov vta. aggravated at s.o., angry at s.o. Ns'-hesth'tvo. I'm still aggravated at him.
See: -momta'eh; -nstam.
-hesthotse vai. aggravated - become. N-hesthaotse. I got aggravated. -hesthots'tov vta. become aggravated with s.o. -hesthaots'tovho. He became disgusted with
him. Noseema'xho-hesthaots'tvo. I was very, very angry at him.
-hesthem vta. aggravate s.o., tease s.o. in a mean way, ridicule s.o. -hesthmho. He angered him.
See: -vneh.
hesto p. many. Antonym: thkomo. hestoh- i. many. See: hestox-. hestoha p. many times. -hestoha
vii. many (inanimate) in number. -hesthnstse there are many of them (inan.). mhtonohtomse ts-hestoha ma'kaata if you (pl) would wait for bigger money (1987:19). hen'hanehe nthsenhehne'na -hestoha ma'heo'o tsheevsthmato that is how I
know again that there are many ways God has helped me (1987:198).
-hestha''san
vai. many things to do. N-hestha''sne. I had too many things to do. See: hesthanen.
-hesthanen vai. busy, have many things to do. -hesthanne. He had a lot of things to do. See: hemsthanen; -vone'hanen; -tshetanen.
hesthe- pv. many. -hestheham vai. have many husbands. -hesthehma She has many husbands (can be serially).
See: -hame.
hesth'e many days, for many days. See: n'e. -hesthehhts vai. many tracks. -hesthehhtseo'o. There are many tracks from them. -hesth'v vai. have many wives. can refer to having many wives at the same time or serially. hesth'va. He has/had many wives. -hesth'evao'o. They have many wives. Medial: -'v
wife.
Hesth'hme na. Owns Many Horses. a woman's name. -hesth'hme vai. have many horses. -hesth'hme. He has many horses. -hesth'hameo'o.
They have many horses.
Hesthe'hhts'e na. Flies Many Woman. -hesthe'em vai. utter many sounds, have many sounds, make many sounds, sound many ways. for
example, a mockingbird. -hesthe'me. He utters many sounds. fai: -'em.
hesthe'emhe
na. mockingbird.Literally: many-sounds.making-one. Obviative: hesthe'emheho. See: hoovahe.
Pl: hesthe'emheo'o.
-hesthema'kaatame
vai. have much money. -hesthema'kaatame He has a lot of money.
Hesthemeo'o na. Many Trails. Hesthemn'e na. Many Trails Woman. Hesthena'hne na. Plenty Coups, Many Kills. This was a Cheyenne name, not just a Crow name. Hesthena'han'e na. Many Kills Woman. -hesthene'ho't vai. have many rooms. See: -po'o't. -hesthene'h'ta It (for example, house)
has many rooms.
-hesthene'h'ta vii. many rooms. -hesthene'h'ta. There are many rooms. -hestheno'oohe vai. kills many quickly. -hestheno'oohe. He killed many quickly. fai: -no'. -hestheht vai. have many legs. -hesthehta He (for example, centipede) has many legs. hesthehthe
na. centipede.Literally: many Obviative: hesthehtheho. legged one. Pl: hesthehtheo'o.
-hesthestaem vai. have many lice. -hesthestama. He has lots of bugs (lice). -hesthestshv
possessions.
vai. have many possessions. See: -htsehtse. -hesthestshva He has many
-hesthetan vai. think many things; have many ideas; want to do lots of things. -hesthetno He
has a lot of ideas.
-hesthevsenha vai. have many friends. -hesthevsenha He has lots of friends. -hesthevxha vai. have many grandchildren. -hesthevxha He has many grandchildren. hesthevxahao'o They have many grandchildren.
-hesthnehn vai. bear many children. usually said of women but can be said of men, also. See: vonsthnehn; -he-nsone. -hesthnhne She has lots of children. [1987:221]
-hesthn'an vai. say many things. -hesthn'ne. He says many things. fai: -'an. -hesthnohe vai. have many relatives. -hesthnohe. He has many relatives. -hesthnvahe vai. many groups. not used with sg. subject. -hesthnvheo'o. There are many
groups (an.). mhnxho-hesthnvhstovhanhe hk'e thhe vaveto there were many groups (bands) of people way back there (1987:15).
-hesthnvto vii. many aspects; many pieces; many parts. seems to be the idea of many parts of
something. -hesthnvto. There are many different "ways". (for example, meanings of a word). ho-hesthnvto estsesttse. There is a lot to discuss. See: -nova ??; -hestoha.
hesthnvave-
pv. many. See: hesthe-. -hesthnvavenstseo'o They speak many languages
(1987:115).
-hesthnvavenestse vai. speak many languages. -hethnvavenestse. He speaks many languages. -hesthnvavetan vai. have many thoughts. -hesthnvavetno He has many thoughts. -hestnan dress extravagantly. -hestnne. He is dressed extragantly. Reduplicated: -hohestnan.
See: -phvsan.
-hestnan vai. overdressed, dressed outlandishly. -hestnne. He's dressed outlandishly. -hestoxe vai. be many. AI stem used only with plural subjects. -hestxeo'o. They (animate) are
many in number; there are many of them. vii: -hestoha; Antonym: -thkomoxe. See: hesto; tkomxe; -henohe; -vonstoxe.
-hestxe'ohe vii. much written. -hestxe'ohe. There's a lot written (for example, on that paper). -hee vai. lie in a bad condition. -he. He's lying there having been hurt badly. for example, lying
there from a bad car accident.
-hetanah vai. much breast milk. -hetanha. She has lots of breast milk. Antonym: -'etanhohts;
Medial: -tanah.
-hetanhohts vai. lots of milk come in, have lots of milk, breasts full. -hetanhhtse. She has a
lot of milk. Antonym: -pnoetanh', -'etanhohts; Medial: -tanah.
-hetanevonehe vai. be a big crowd. The sg. is increasingly used for when there are a lot of people
who come to a drug dealer. ho-hetanevonehe. There is a very big crowd. There were a lot of Germans (Croft 16: ). See: ho-hetanevonheo'o ma'ev'h'e.. vii: -hetanevo'e.
-hetanevo'e
vii. big crowd. -hetanevo'e. It is a big crowd. Notes (Phonology) not vs; iah fii: tanevoo'e; vai: -hetanevonehe. See: -henohe; -hestoxe.
-heva' vai. vii. very loud. -hv'o. It is very loud. -hvanen vai. make loud noise. -hvnne. He's making a loud noise. -hvnohts vai. loud footsteps; noisy walk, walk noisily. -hvnhtse. He's making loud footsteps.
See: xhevnhtsstse.
-hevav'se vai. loud sound from buttocks hitting ground.Variant: -hevav'e. N-hevav'se. I
fell hard and could hear my butt hit the ground.
-hevavetsnoona'xe
vai. make much noise rustling feathers. 'hk-hevavetsnoon'xeo'o They made a lot of noise with their feathers (1987:177). BodyPartMedial: -tsnoon.
heve- pv. intense ?? esp. used in strong exclamations. See: home-. Vvxe heve-nheenoneha! Good
for him and his songs! (sarcastic) (1987:30).
-hevhasen vai. make a lot of noise. -hevhasne. He made a lot of noise. -hevh -hevone
vai. named strongly, named fancy, named uniquely. fancy/strong/unique name. fai: -vh. ho-hevhe.
He has a
vii. loud sound. -hevone. It is a loud sound/it sounded loudly. Notes (Phonology) hpo Reduplicated: -hohevone; fii: -vone.
hhan- i. approach. See: nht-. -hhanehe vta. close, near. sa-hhanhhe. He's not close (for example, to this family; he's not even
part of this family, the way he acts). See: -khanehe.
-hhanhtsest vti. prefer s.t.; be close to s.t.; have more right to s.t.. -hhanhtssta He had it as
something that he was close to. netao'o hov'he ts-hhanhetsstmo my share of the belongings (Luke 15:12).
-hhanehn vai. approach, go closer. -hhanhne. He approached/he moved closer.
-hhan'ov vta. close to s.o. -hhan'ovho. He is close to him. tsohkeehhan'oevose ma'heono

those who are close to the spirits. [1987:41] See: -nhtsht; -v'htsm.
-haha' vti. rub s.t. (with foot or body). N-hah'a. I rubbed it (with my foot or body). [Croft] -haha'ov vta. rub s.o. (with foot or body). N-haha'vo I rubbed him (with my foot or body). [Croft] -hahan vti. rub s.t./s.o. -hahna. He rubbed it.
vta. -hahanho. He rubbed him. Etymology: cf. M seso:nam. See: -mamean.
hahaneo'o ni. rubbing alcohol. hah(e)- i. rub. N-hah(e)esnahtse (RECK FORMS HERE) I rubbed my nose. N-hah(e)he'onnahtse
I rubbed my hand(s). N-hahovsno I rubbed his hair. -hahe'xannahtse He rubbed his eyes.
-hahese vai. rub nose. for example, on a tree. -hahe. He's rubbing his nose. Notes (Phonology)
hle ??
hahen- i. paint; color. -hahnoh vti. paint s.t. -hahnha. He painted it. -hahnhn vai. paint, color. -hahnhne. He's painting. See: -hohthvhahnhen. hahnhenesttse ni. color (for example, crayon). See: hohthnesttse.Pl: hahnhonstottse. hahnhnevxe'stnesttse ni. colored pencil, crayon.Literally: coloring-writing-NOM. hahnh'o ni. paintbrush.Pl: hahnheontse. See: ovheo'o. -hahnoh(n) vta. paint s.o. -hahnhnho. He painted him. See: -mxe'oh(n). hhkota na. 1 grasshopper.Pl: hhkotaho. Obviative: hhkotaho.
2 Grasshopper.
hhnoma na. bee. See: thpe'shahnoma; hevhhnoma.Pl: hhnomaho. Obviative: hhnomaho. Hhnomh'hhe na. Bee Woman. hhnomhome ni. beehive. hhnomhpano'has'o hhnompano'has'o
(Phonology) vs ni. honey.Literally: bee-syrup. (Phonology) vs See: pano'has'o. ni. Variant: hhnompano'has'o. Variant: hhnomhpano'has'o. Notes Notes
honey.Literally: bee-syrup.
hhnovh'e ni. cocklebur patch. -hhnovseve vai. vii. have burrs. -hhnovseve. There are burrs on him. hhnvso na. wild licorice; cockleburs. See: ma'khhnvso. hhnv'stse ni. thorny weeds like sandburrs. haho p. thank you. intertribal word; cf. Crow ahoo 'thank you'. See: -'eh. haho tsxheemshstove vii. Thanksgiving.Literally: when there is eating in a "thank you" manner.
Variant: haho tsxheemshnove.
hahp- i. fasten; close; shut; clasp; clench. -hahpna He closed it (by hand). -hahphe'onotse. His
hand is clenched. See: nhp-.
-hahphtsen'o vai. shut mouth, close (one's own) mouth. -hahphtsen'o. His mouth is closed. -hahphtsenotse vai. shut, close (one's own) mouth. -hahphtsenotse. He shut his mouth. [pd723] -hahpa' vii. snap shut, close. -hahp'o. It closed shut. -hahpa'xe vai. snap closed. seems esp. to refer to clapping with one's legs, probably humorous and
taboo. -hahpa'xe. He snapped closed.
-hahpa'xt vii. snap closed. for example, of a mouse trap. ho'he-hahpa'xto It (for example, mouse
trap) was heard snapping closed.
-hahpan vti. clasp, close together; fasten; squeeze s.t./s.o. N-hahpna. I squeezed it (in my hand).
vta. -hahpanho. He clasped him. See: -hahpoh(n).
hahpan'o ni. pliers (a single pair).Pl: hahpaneontse. hahpanovhe

na. a kind of monster crocodile.Literally: one who clamps (down)) (probably named because of the fiercesome clamping jaws.
hahpe- pv. lead ?? Naa nhe hahp-hot'e nhhe 'emmeamhnesstse. And that huge lead buffalo
there was walking around. (1987:311). Medial: -he'on.
Hahphe'onhe na. Clenched Fist; Closed Hand. -hahphe'on'

vai. clench hand, close hand. -hahphe'on'o. His hand is closed. Antonym: shphe'on'o. Medial: -he'on.
-hahphe'onotse vai. hand clenched. -hahphe'onotse. His hand is clenched. esp. of someone who
cannot open his hand.
-hahpenht vti. sew s.t. -hahpenhta. She's sewing it up. fai: -n'; vta: -hahpent. -hahpen' vai. sew.Literally: fasten-sew. -hahpen'e. She's sewing. fai: -n'; vta: -hahpent. -hahpen'ee'e vai. sit sewing. -hahpen'ee'e. She's sitting sewing. hahpen'esttse ni. sewing machine.Pl: hahpen'stottse. -hahpen'ee vai. lie sewing. -hahpen'e. She's lying sewing. [PD653] -hahpent
vta. sew s.o. (esp. cloth, an.). -hahpenoto. She is sewing him (for example, a quilt, animate). -hahpenoto hon'kono She's sewing a quilt. -hahpenohe It/He is sewn. vti: hahpenht; vai: -hahpen'. See: -he'ohe. vai. pinched finger(s). -hahpese. He has a pinched finger(s). vta: -hahpeos'o'h; BodyPartMedial: -os.
-hahpeos
-hahpeos'o'h vta. pinch finger(s) of s.o., smash finger(s) of s.o. -hahpeos'o'hahtse. He smashed his
finger(s). vai: -hahpeos.
-hahpeosotse vai. pinch finger(s). -hahpeosotse. He pinched his finger(s). -hahpeotse vii. vai. clenched. -hahpeotse. It's clenched. -hahpetsnoon' vai. have closed wings. tsx-hahpetsnoon'se when his wings were closed. -hahpoh(n) vta. squeeze s.o. by tool. for example, to squeeze s.o. between your legs. -hahphnho.
He squeezed him. See: -hahpan.
-hahponen
vai. 1 clench teeth. -hahponne. He's clenching his teeth. BodyPartMedial: -onen tooth/teeth. 2 very hungry. Usage: fig.. Nt'eas-hahponne. I'm really hungry. (lit. I'm just about to have clenched teeth, that is, lock jaw).
-hahponenotse vai. 1 come to have clenched teeth. -hahponenotse He has a clenched (or closed)
jaw/he has clenched teeth. 2 fig., come to be very hungry. Nto'se-hahponenotse I'm so hungry my jaw almost locks (lit. I'm going to become clenched-toothed). One explanation which has been offered for the development of the idiomatic meaning is that it developed from a person's being so frustrated from hunger that his teeth are clenched. Final: -onen.
-hhta vai. persist, doesn't give up, keeps begging and begging. sa-hhthe. He doesn't give up. naa
hp'e Ho'vhtamhnstse mxho'n-hhttse But Walks on the Earth persisted (Stamper
1991:2).
-haht mbp. foot, feet. Mma'x-hahthe Big Foot. Mo'htv-hahttane Blackfoot. xov-hahtne. He
has warm feet. Nn'ts-hahtvose. I have cold feet. hes-hahtotse. He has cramps in his feet. ke-hahtxe. He bumped his foot. nae'-hahtaa'e. His foot/feet went to sleep/went numb while sitting. toe-hhta. He has cold feet. See: -(hk)ht leg. Etymology: cf. *-sete: (??) (M.).
-hhtse vti. Look out!, Get out of the way. said to s.o. standing up. Hhtsstse! Get out of the way!
Hhtome! Look out! (said to more than one person). See: -hhta.
hahte p. well! Usage: archaic. might be used, for example, to mean 'well, you might steal my story'.
hk'e p. far (distance and time). hk'e thhe vaveto long, long ago. See: h'e; vaveto; ttseha. -h'h'ke vai. have thin bushy hair. old word; somewhat humorous. -h'h'ke. He has thin hair and
it is all bushy.
-h'en
fai. cook. -mht-h'en. She's stirring what she is cooking. (for example, soup). Notes (Phonology) seems to be -ah'en for most forms; perhaps there is a phonological rule that overrides the initial -a if the last vowel of the preceding initial is -eVariant: -ah'en. See: -homos; -xho'he; hoohe; -honn. vii. taste strong, taste spicy, spicy taste. -ha'heno'e. It tastes bitter/spicy/sour (for example, lemon). ts-ha'heno'e spicey stuff (for example, picante sauce). See: -hoheno'e. Non-reduplicated: -heno'e.
-ha'heno'e
H'pe'e na. Torn Into Pieces Woman. translation uncertain. h'the

pro. that, those. adjectival demonstrative or substantive. h't=mh'o that house. Notes (Phonology) typically cliticizes to following word See: h'the; t'the.
-ham p. uncertain ??; "innit" ??; doubt ??; question ?? hedge enclitic. nhshma any way. t'shma
maybe; I guess; Isn't that right? he'hma maybe.
-hmstoeotse
vai. sit down quickly. This is a quicker action than that of -hmstoo'o. hmstoeotsstse Sit down quickly! vta: -hmstoeots'tov. See: -hmstoo'o.
-hmestoeots'tov vta. sit down beside s.o. stan'ovnee-hmstoeots'toesesto They sat down in a
row beside him. [VISION.TXT]
-hmstoo'e
vai. sit down (process). can be of a person or an animal such as a dog. Simplified Spelling: hamstoo, humstoo. -hmstoo'e. He sat down. Hmstoo'stse! Sit down! Notes (Phonology) vs Hmstoo'e! Sit down (plural)! See: -hmstoeotse; -amnoo'e.
-hmstov'ham vta. sit down s.o. by throwing action. hmko1 hmko2

ni. spoon. Etymology: *e:mehkwa:na; *e:mohkwa:na (anim.) (Pi).Pl: hmkontse. Homonym: hmko2 beetle. na. beetle; stinkbug; rainbug.Variant: hmkona. Pl: hmkono. AlternatePlural: hmkonaho; Obviative: hmkono. A number of years ago a non-Indian
school teacher at Busby School took her children outside for a little field trip. They spotted an insect so the teacher asked the children what it was. One Cheyenne boy answered, "It's a spoon." The teacher told him he was wrong. But, actually, he was experiencing interference from his mother tongue, Cheyenne, in which the words for 'spoon' and 'beetle' are pronounced exactly the same. This story has been told by a Cheyenne elder to emphasize the point that it is important for teachers to understand the languages that their students deal with. Most nonIndian teachers on the Cheyenne reservation have not learned the Cheyenne language. Homonym: hmko1 spoon.
hmkona beetle. Usage: The pronunciation hmko is much more widely used..Variant: hmko.
Pl: hmknaho. Obviative: hmknaho.
hmoht- i. erect camp. -hmhtsehn vai. set up camp; pitch tent. See: -mhteov; -tomhtan. -hmhtshne He set up camp. hmhtshnstva ni. by tepees. nexa hmhtshnstva tsnhe'svonstse two tepees long-faced
(funny phrase said once by a lady related to a long- faced man whom she wished to shame for having beaten his wife; it means something like: "his face is so long he could pitch two tepees on it").
hm'e p. just like, for example, even though.Variant: hm'htse. naa nho'ehe nhne'kahe hm'e
mhnevshestanhhe in spite of my father's being lame he was taken anyway (1987:45).
hm'htse p. like; for instance; for example. See: ta'se. hm'htse nnehove nohkhne'entan'ta
for example, I myself want to know it (1987:379). [1987:43]Variant: hm'htse.
hnhhe p. over there (distal; old information). See: nhhe; hthhe; hnhhe. hnhno p. over there. See: hnhhe. hana'hanhe pro. there it is (proximal; old information). See: hena'hanhe.Pl: hana'hanevtse.
hana'hanetshe pro. there it is (proximal; old information). Proximate: hana'hanhe. hana'hanevtse pro. there they are (proximal; old information). Singular: hana'hanhe. han'hanehe pro. there it is (proximal; old information). Notes (Phonology) contraction of han'hanehe -hane sfx. negative suffix for II verbs. There is variation among speakers as to whether there is a wordfinal underlying high pitch or low pitch, -han or -hane. sahoo'kh-hne. It did not rain. saphva'-hane. It's not good. saho't-hane. It's not there.Variant: -hane. See: sa-; -h.
hne p. that. inanimate distal discourse deictic; referent assumed known to speaker and hearer). hne
eva the other day/yesterday/day before yesterday. See: hne; h'the; nhe.
hne eva obl. the other day. some speakers may use this for 'yesterday' but most seem to use it for
'the other day'.
hne taa'va obl. the other night. -hne'e ni. nape (poss.). ma-hne'e nape. na-hne'e my nape. [Smith] Notes (Phonology) iah Medial: -hane'. -hane' mbp. nape (back of neck). nonhp-hane'e. He fell backwards on his nape and his head
bounced. pe-hane'e. He fell and bumped his nape. Possessive: -hne'e. See: -hnoe.
hnsvne p. south. Usage: not well known today. Grinnell 1923, Vol. II, says this is a ceremonial
term for 'south'. See: ansvne; svne; -ta'ehn.
hnoe- pv. head back. -hnoeamehtse. He walked with his head thrown back. See: hnse-; hos-. -hnoeohts vai. walk with head thrown back. -hnoehtse. He walked with his head thrown back. -hnhenomeotse vai. 1 fall asleep on back. Final: /-nme/.
2 have one's husband take off during lack of vigilance. Usage: fig.. -hnhenomeotse. She
fell asleep on her back (fig.,=her husband took off on her when she wasn't vigilant).
-hnhe'e vai. stand looking with head back. -hnhe'e. He's standing looking with his head
held back.
-hnhee vai. lie on back. -hnhe. He's lying on his back. Synonym: -hnee. -hnhnoo'e vai. sit with head back. -hnhnoo'e. He's sitting with his head back. fai: -noo'e. hnoht- i. back. head posture. Etymology: cf. M ae:necenaehkiihsen. See: hnos-. -hnht'o
vai. fall backwards. -hnht'o. He fell backwards. fai: -a'. See: -ana'; -va'; ma'ksta'.
-hnhtan vta. bend s.o. back. -hnhtanho. He bent him back. -hnhttamao'
vai. lean backwards laughing so hard. -hnhttama'o. He leaned backwards laughing so hard. fai: -tamao'.
-hnhte' vai. vii. float on back, float supine. -hnht'o. He's floating on his back. -hnhto'ts vti. put s.t. in back. for example, to keep one's hat back on the head. -hnht'tse. He
put it in back. vti: -o'ts.
-hnhto'xe vai. bend back with load. -hnhto'xe. He is bent back carrying a load. -hnhtoo'e vai. sit with head back. -hnhtoo'e He's sitting with head thrown back. Notes (Phonology)
vs
hnos- i. back (head posture). See: hnoht-. hnse- pv. backwards, on the back. -hnseove. He lay down on his back. Hnseeotse na. Dives Backwards. -hnsemohe vai. thrust back. -hnsemohe. He's throwing himself back. for example, how a baby
thrusts itself back, perhaps in defiance. fai: -mohe.
-hnsnome vai. sleep leaning back. -hnsnome. He's sleeping while leaning back. -hnse'e vai. vti. lean backwards while standing, stand leaning backwards. for example, to stand
leaning back against something. -hnse'e. He leaned backwards standing. fai: -. Notes
(Phonology) vs
-hnsee vai. lie on back. -hnse. He's lying on his back. Mx-hnenhhe. She lay on her
back. [Croft 1988:29:12]
-hnsevo'e'ov vta. tip s.o. backwards. -hnsevo'e'ovho. He tipped him backwards. -hnsevo'oh(n) vta. tip s.o. backwards. -hnsevo'hnho. He tipped him backwards. hnsvne
p. east. uncertain, as are several other directions terms, especially when used as ceremonial Directions. hnhee.
-hnee vai. lie on back, lean back. -hne. He's lying on his back / he's leaning back. Synonym: -hoem vta. regard s.o. as expensive; of high value. Nhohomo mo'hno'ha I put a high price on the
horse (I value it very much).
-hoeme vii. expensive.Literally: high-valued. -hoeme. It's expensive.

vai. ts-hoemese the top (soldiers) (1987:46). Final: -oem. See: -svoeme; -he'anvoeme.
-hn
vai. pray. -hna. He's praying. N-hna. I prayed. Nt-hoenama! Let's pray! Nxhntse! Pray! Preverb: hnve-. See: -n; -hn.
-hoenaa'e vai. pray sitting. -hoenaa'e He's sitting praying. hoenahttse ni. prayer. Oblique: hnhtva. hnhtva obl. in/by means of prayer. -hn'heneve vai. be a prayerful person. -hoena'heneve He is a prayerful person. -hn'tov vta. pray to s.o. -hoena'tovho. He prayed to him. Preverb: hnve-; vai: -hn. hoenamh'o
house. ni. church building. See: ma'heneestsmh'o. Usage: neologism.Literally: prayer-
hoenave- pv. prayerfully. hoenave-vo'stane prayerful person. N-hoenave-vestomvo ma'heo'o. I

prayerfully asked God (for something). -hoenavevo'stanheve. He lives prayerfully.
-hoenavhov vta. Final: -ohov.motion s.o. to pray. N-hoenavhvo I motioned to him to pray. -hoenavomotah vta. pray for s.o. -hoenavomothho He prayed for him. naa tshhe nethehoenavomothoo'o ts'the tshhe tshstanovese and I prayed for all the people here
(1987:99).
-hnxe vai. pray lying down, lie praying. -hnxe. He's praying lying down. -hn vai. be thirsty. -hne. He is thirsty. Usage: not widely known; mantno is much more
commonly used but today often connotes drinking alcoholic beverage. See: -mantan; -hn; -hean.
-hoeoestoh(n) vta. hit s.o. very intensely (suddenly?) by tool. ho-heoesthhoo'o My! She really
got hit bad! (Croft 1988:18:17).
-hoho'he vai. be hot. -hoho'he. He is hot. Can also refer to a man or woman being in sexual arousal.
See: -nho'he.
-hoho'hov vai. heat hot. Noseehem-hoho'hva. You made it too hot. can be about a house or a
sweat.
-hoho't vii. hot. for example, of a cooking pan, or of the weather. -hoh'ta. It's hot. Reduplicated: hohoho't. See: -nho't; -haeho't; -hohpotmh'ta.
-hohtva vai. sell something outrageous. -hohtva. He sold something outrageous. Final: -ohtv. -hohtstseve vai. sly; shrewd; conniving; cunning; tricky; sneaky. See: -oe'kehe. -hohtstseve. He's
sly/conniving/shrewd. 'khomeho oseeho-hohtstseveo'o. Coyotes are really sneaky.
-ho'ahe vai. greatly want. See: -ho'ahe. -ho'ahe He greatly wants. -ho'an vai. say much; say something amazing. ho-h'ne. He said something fantastic. fai: -'an. -ho'em vta. tease s.o. esp. of brother-in-law or sister-in-law teasing. -ho'eemo. He teased him.
See: -n'so'em; -haenvem.
-ho'etahe vai. do something shocking, do something wrong, do something spectacular. -ho'etahe.

He did something shocking. Final: -o'etahe.
-ho'eman
vai. be bossy, rule much, make too many rules. See: -mho'eman; -ho'eman; hoho'eman. -ho'emne. He is bossy.
-ho'emaov vta. boss s.o. -ho'emaovho. He bossed him. -h'mto vii. thick brush; thick weeds. -h'mto. It is thick brush. -ho'enohe vai. very full (of food). See: -n'so'enohe; -hehpo'enhotse. N-ho'enohe. I'm really full.
Final: -o'enohe.
-ho'enhotse -ho'etame
vai. become very full (of food). N-ho'enhotse. I'm very full (of food). See: n'so'enohe. vii. deep. of water. -ho'etame. It (water) is deep. Antonym: -tho'ketame.Variant: ho'tame. See: -ha'hotoo'e deep (of a hole).
Ho'hev'e na. (woman's name). Ho'hv'e na. Stands-in-Timber Woman. -ho'o

vai. very many residents. See: -mho. sts'hov-ho'oeo'o v'h'e. The white people developed into a big city. (1987:19). Notes (Phonology) vs
-ho'oe't vai. many cling. to bush or vine. -ho'oe'tnstse mentse. There are lots of berries (on the
vines). See: -hoe't; -o'hmoe't.
-ho'ohe vai. many trees (or other woody plants). used only with plural subjects. -ho'heo'o. They
(an.; for example, trees or turnips) are many in number. See: -hanohe; -hestxe; -k'ohe.
-ho'o'e vii. much grass. -ho'o'e. There is lots of grass, hay (growing, for example, after some good
rains).
-ho'omeeotse vai. tragic situation. for example, of someone who has lost their spouse. -ho'omeeotse.
He's in a tragic situation. See: -htoanvetan; -htoanotse.
-ho'omeetan
vai. feel destitute, feel pitiful. -ho'omeetanoo'o They are pitiful (for example, grieving the death of a loved one, they feel they don't have anything left). See: -nevtamahe. ho'omenehe. He is poor/destitute. The following are often said in prayer. N-ho'omenehe. I am poor. N-ho'omenhme. We (excl) are poor. Vovhnheeha ts-ho'omenhese! Take care of those who are poor! [1987:206 ; Hymn 155] See: -hvsvo'omenehe; -to'omenehe; phvo'omenehe; -nstamenohheve; -nxheve.
-ho'omenehe vai. he is poor, experiences a difficult life. poor or of general difficult life condition. -
-hao'omhtahe vai. calm. -hao'omhtahe. He's feeling calm. -hao'omhtahe. He's feeling better
(for example, doesn't have a fever anymore). See: -homhtahe.
-hao'omhto'eh vta. pacify s.o. esp. of breaking in a horse. -hao'omhto'eho. He pacified him. -ho'omhtoo'e vai. be calm; sit still. -ho'omhtoo'stse! Sit still (for awhile)! / Calm down! Notes
(Phonology) vs See: -he'kotoo'e; -ovnhoo'e.
-ho'om' vai. calm down. -ho'om'e. He's calmed down. -hao'omseh vta. finally get to s.o. -hao'omshho. He finally got to him. [pd713] -hao'omsee vai. 1 calm down falling. for example, when a child calms down after falling down
after he has been running around the house so much. -hao'omse. He learned his lesson falling. 2 die. Usage: fig., euphemism. -hao'omse. He is alreaying lying calmly (that is, has died). See: -hovnee'e.
-ho't vta. brag about s.o., boast about s.o. -ho'oto. He bragged about him.Variant: -ho'tho (var.
of younger speakers). Final: -o't. See: -he't; -htam; -phvo't.
-ho'pohe vai. gluttonous. -ho'pohe. He is gluttonous. -ho'pheo'o. They are gluttonous. ho'phetane na. glutton.Pl: ho'phetaneo'o. Obviative: ho'phetanho. -ho'potan vai. greedy. -ho'potno. He is greedy. See: -ho'pohe.
-ho'toohe vai. run fast, move fast, fast. -ho'toohe. He runs fast ; he's fast. ho'toohso na. lizard.Literally: little fast runner. When you catch these you tie a red yarn on them
then let them go for good luck. This animal is similar to a chameleon.Pl: ho'toohesono. ho'toohsoneho lizards (alternate). See: he'htto. Obviative: ho'toohesono. See: esthkhne; he'htto.
-ho'toohesonevma'
ma'.
vai. lizard painted. -ho'toohesonevm'e. He's lizard-painted. Final: -
home-
intense. used to introduce strong exclamations. Home-nhoheta'phstove! How really weak you are! (1980:33:15). See: heve-.
-homhtahe vai. sick. -homhtahe. He is sick. -homhth'ov vta. cause s.o. to be sick. This is non-intentional cause of sickness, such as from
spoiled food; intentional cause of sickness would use the verb -homhth'seh. Ho'vohktse n-homhth'oo'e. The meat made me sick. See: -homhth'seh intentionally cause s.o. to be sick; -phva'ov.
-homhth'seh vta. cause s.o. to be sick. intentional cause. -homhth'shho. He made him
sick. See: -homhth'ov unintentionally cause s.o. to be sick.
-homhthotse vai. become sick. -homhthotse. He's gotten sick. -homhthtan vai. want to be sick. Mn-homhthtno? Do you want to be sick? fai: -tan. Homhthvhanhe
na. Sickness. personified. Homhthvhanhe, thhnstse! Sickness, leave! (Some people used to say this to sickness in someone, such as in their children.).
-homhthvn vai. sick face. -homhthvne. He has a sick looking face. -homseh vta. hurt s.o. -homshho. He hurt him. -homshaa'e. It (e.g. toothache) is hurting
him. vai: -homhtahe; NonIntensive: -homseh.
-hona'he vai. bony, very skinny. -hona'he. He's very skinny. See: -thkona'he. -hntsest vai. very lazy. -hntssta. He is very lazy. -honetsstsesto. They were lazy (attrib.).
NonIntensive: -hntssta.
-hnt vii. very thick, dense. -hnto. It's very thick. sa-honothane. It is not thick/it is not
dense. ts-hnto a quarter (coin) (that which is thick). See: -tnt; tonove-.
honov- i. thick; dense. -honovna. He thickened it (for example, put another layer on the roof). -honov
vai. talkative. -hnva He is talkative. vta: -honov'tov; fai: -nov. See: -ne'hnov; estse speak.
Hnvhe na. Talkative. Indian name by which Mr. Busby was known. He was the white storekeeper
for whom the village of Busby was named. He was talkative. How he was named illustrates one method by which people were given Indian names, esp. non-Cheyennes: names were given which depicted them somehow. Cheyenne children, however, are named soon after birth, usually for a relative.
-honov'tov vta. talk a lot about s.o. N-hnv'tvo. I grumbled about him/I talked a lot about him.
vai: -honov.
-honovan vti. thicken s.t. -honovna. He thickened it (for example, put another layer on the roof).
See: -tnovan.
-hoost vti. sell s.t. too expensively. -hoosta. He sold it at too expensive a price. See: -host. -hoostne vai. sell too expensively. -hoostne. He sells (things) at too high a price. vti: -hoost. -hoo'koh vii. rain hard. See: -hoo'koh. -hoo'kho. It's raining hard. -hoo'khotse vii. rain hard. -hoo'khotse. It's raining hard. See: -hoo'koh. -hoome't vii. hot water. -hoom'ta. It's hot water. See: -ma'ome; -nsome't. -hov vai. soaked. -hva. He is soaked. nonhpa nhtssa-hvhe so I will not get soaked
(1987:29). Final: -ov. See: -hoovahe; -he'kov.
-hoovahe
vai. rich. -hoovahe. He is rich. See: -hesthema'kaataam; -hov. Antonym: ho'omenehe.
-hotma'xe vai. pant. -hotma'xe. He's panting. -hotome vai. pant. See: -motome. -hotome. He is panting. Notes (Phonology) non-redup Reduplicated: ha'hotome.
-hotmee vai. lie panting. -hotme. He is lying panting. -hotsehe vai. smoke a lot. See: -hatov; -he'p. -hotsehe. He smokes heavily. -hotse'ohe vai. work hard. -hotse'ohe. He worked hard. See: -hotse'ohe. -hovho'hov vai. loud sound from heat , noisy muffler. Noseeho-hovho'hva. Your muffler is
really loud. See: -hoho'hov.
hovhnvhe na. poor person.Pl: hovhnvhese. the pl. seem to be a conjunct participle in form.
See: nstvhnvhe.
-hoxe'a'h fii. exciting movie, intense movie. -hoxe''ha. It was an exciting movie. fii: -oxe'a'h. hapa p. absolutely quiet ?? ta'se hapa xamaehnove "It got so quiet you could hear a pin drop" (for
example, when a visitor entered a crowded room where there had been animated conversation).
Hphan'e na. (woman's name). hp'e p. likewise. Non-contracted: hap'eveta. hap'eveta p. likewise. Contracted: hp'e. hpose p. sidetracked (??). probably variant of hpose. See: hpose. -hse
vai. be there ?? H'e x-hsstse From Far Away (name). aa tsa'e na'en-hse nhto nsathe'evomatshe nhto "My! Where have you been all the time?" I said to him. "I
never see you," I said to him. (1987:174).
Hse'hove'e na. Victory Woman, Stands By the Fire Woman, Spears In the Ground Woman. Many
speakers are unsure of the translation of this name, however, a woman with this name is quite sure of its meaning as Victory Woman.
-hasen fai. ?? esp. used of terms for the seeds-in-basket game. Nno'k-hasne I got one seed up.
Nn-hasne I got two seeds up. Nna'he-hasne I got three seeds up. Nphv-hasne I played a right game. Nmhe-hasne I got them all facing up. Nsatn-hasenhe. I didn't make any (seeds) up. k'koe-haseneo'o They are playing the seed-in-basket game. poe'haseneo'o They are shaking the basket. See: -poe'hasen; k'koehasenesttse.
hsohko
ni. lance. striped four times; used in Sun Dance lodge. See: xomoo'o lance.
Non-diminutive: hsoo'o.
hsoo'o ni. crowbar.Pl: hsoontse. Diminutive: hsohko. Hk'e na. See Far Woman. translation uncertain; said to have something to do with the meaning of
'far,' so perhaps this is actually H'k'e, contracted to Hk'e.
-htaa'ahe vai. be elders. only used in pl. -htaa'aheo'o They are elders. Notes (Phonology) redup
Non-contracted: -htaa'hahe.
-htaa'hahe
vai. be old. redup; only used in plural. -htaa'haheo'o They are elders. tshtaa'hahese the oldest ones (1987:170). Non-reduplicated: -ha'hahe; Contracted: -htaa'ahe. Notes (Phonology) redup See: -t'hahe. vai. tall. of trees or certain other plants, such as turnips. only used in pl. Notes (Phonology) redup Medial: '(e)-. -htaa'st'heo'o. They are tall. Non-reduplicated: ha'st'ohee. See: -ha'stahe. p. over there. distal; new location in discourse. See: hthno; hnhhe; hnhhe; htshhe.
-htaa'st'ohe
hthhe
hthno p. over there. See: hthhe. hata'hanhe pro. there it is (proximal; new information). See: hena'hanhe. hata'hanetshe pro. there it is (proximal; new information).
hat'hanehe
pro-inan.-sg. there it is (proximal; new information). Notes (Phonology) contraction of hata'hanhe
Htavsveests'e na. Bad Mouth Woman. Htavsv'hme na. Bad Horse, His Bad Horse. origin of family name Bad Horse. Htavsve'hamhe na. (His) Bad Horse. Htavsv'hmstse na. Bad Horse; His Bad Horse. htavsvva obl. in evil; in sin; by sin. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: havse. Hto'stshe na. Bushy Head, Tangle Hair, Bushy Hair. -hto'sts'e vai. have bushy hair. -hto'sts'e. He has bushy hair. See: -pe'pe'sts'e. -hto'ee vai. sprawled. -hto'e. He's sprawled out. -htxovh'en vai. carry food back and forth. -htxovh'ne. She's carrying food back and forth
(for instance, at a feast).
-htxvho'he vai. drive back and forth. -htxovho'he He's driving back and forth. -htxova'xe
vai. run back and forth; run around. for example, while delivering newspapers. htxova'xe He's running around. See: -vo'hotse. htxovetsheta'hhtse He's swinging it back and forth. tav-htxovevovstoemhtshevhe They (Suhtaio and Cheyenne bands) intermarried (1987:100). [1987:45] Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: hxove-.
htxove- pv. back and forth. Nv'-htxovenovo'eohtsme! Don't (pl) walk back and forth eating! -
-htxovehn
vai. crisscross; walk back and forth, pace back and forth, back and forth walk. htxovhne. He walked back and forth. See: -htxoveohe. vai. walk around while eating. Nv'-htxove'hanhtse! Don't walk around while eating! fai: -e'han.
-htxove'hanohts
-htxove'hanhtse vai. eat with hands rushing back and forth. -ohkhtxove'hanhtse He eats
fast (for example, eating while hands are rushing back and forth to the mouth).
-htxoveohe vai. walk back and forth, back and forth walk. -htxoveohe. He's walking back and
forth. See: -htxovehn.
-htxovhta'han
vai. spread stories. stories.Literally: across(REDUP)-story.tell.
-htxovhta'hne
She
gossips/spread
-htxov'eohts vai. roll back and forth. -htxov'ehtse. He rolled back and forth. [1987:256] -htxovnea'xe vai. swing back and forth, swing as a monkey. for example, as a monkey; could be in
the trees or on a jungle gym. See: -vvaahe. -htxovnea'xe. He's swinging back and forth. htxovnea'xe. (variant) Final: -a'xe; Medial: -n.
-htxovonean vti. vta. fence s.t./s.o. in a zigzag fashion. -htxovoneane. It's a zigzagged (fence).
Medial: -n.
hatse ??. ?? -htsstova'ehe vai. devious.Literally: two-headed. See: -hstovetan. -htsstova'ehe. He's devious. htsstove p. each side, both sides. htsstove- pv. each side, both sides. See: hestove- (hst?). -htsstove-phvtsstnvo. Both sides
like it.
-htsstovee'tov vta. stand on either side of s.o. t-htsstovee'tovovo nhe noto. They stood on
each side of that Indian. (1987:150).
-htsstovetan vai. undecided. -htsstovetno. He's undecided. See: -hstovetan. htseke na. ant.Variant: hteke. ss = hajesk. This is one of many words in Cheyenne which begin
with the letter /h/ but which were vowel-initial in Proto-Algonquian. It is interesting to note that h-initialization in Cheyenne was in-process barely more than 100 years ago. Hayden (1862) and Petter (1915) cite some Ch. words (which have vowel-initial PA etyma) as having initial /h/ and some without. Hayden and Petter seem to have been careful enough in their
transcriptions that we can assume that omission of an initial /h/ would not be accidental. All informants whom W. Leman has worked since 1971 now have complete h-initialization. Note the following from Hayden (1862), which all occur with initial /h/ in the present corpus (Hayden's forms are retranscribed to the current orthography, for easier comparison): o'homo'eo'o 'Dakotas', othksono 'Little Stars, Ogallalas', oxe'eo'h'e 'Lodgepole Creek', otoa'e 'male buffalo', etohko 'dish', o'ense 'tall weed', e'ama 'above'. Cf. Hayden's transcription of initial /h/ in: hma'e 'beaver', htame 'dog', hoesttse 'dress', he'ohko 'pipe', ho'sta 'fire', nhesva 'I hiccuped', homa 'mosquito', hhnoma 'bee' (H. glosses as 'horse-fly'), he'e 'liver', h'e 'woman'. Similarly, note that Petter omitted initial /h/ in: 'dog', 'ant', ??Pl: htkeho. Obviative: htkeho.
hteke
na. 1 ant. Etymology: *e:likwa.Variant: htseke. Htkeho ohkhne'ennvo (h)to'shoo'khoo'stse; ohkesevonhneo'o htkeom'e. Ants know when it's going to rain; they crawl into the ant lodge. [1979:204]Pl: htkeho. Obviative: htkeho. 2 Ant.Variant: htseke.
-htkheve vai. be an ant. -htkheve He is an ant. -hvsan vai. dress very nicely, wear best clothes. Nto's-hvsne. I'm going to get dressed really
nicely. fai: -san2. See: -vx'e.
havse ni. sin, evil. hvsv- i. bad. -hvsvahe vai. bad. -hvsvahe. He's bad/ugly. could refer to a rotten potato or apple. Antonym: phvahe. See: -senvahe; -osenove.
-hvsvh'tov
vta. be bad toward s.o. can refer to bad feelings or actions. See: -nstam. hvsvh'tovhtseo'o They have bad feelings, actions, towards each other.
-hvsvho'he vai. cooked bad. -hvsvho'he. He's cooked bad. -hvsvhtomne vai. hear bad news. -hvsvhtomne. He heard bad news. -hvsvhtse vai. bad mouth; speak bad things. -hvsvhtse. He talks bad. -xnetam'an -hvsva'e vii. bad. Antonym: -phva'e. -hvsva'e. It is bad. -hvsva'no'ham vai. drive badly. -hvsva'no'hme. He drove badly. fai: -a'no'ham. -hvsvan
vti. vta. make s.t./s.o. bad. hno'x-hvsvna. He made it worse (lit., more-bad). Antonym: -phvan.
-hvsvanen vai. have a poor hand (in cards). N-hvsvanne. I have a poor hand. -hvsvtam vta. regard s.o. as bad. -hvsvatamho He thinks badly of him/he regards him as bad.
[1987:232]
-hvsvatamno'e vii. bad weather. h'n-hvsvatamno'e even if it is bad weather (for instance,
cloudy).
-hvsvatse'oneve vai. have a bad reputation. -hvsvatse'oneve. He has a bad reputation. hvsve- pv. bad, badly. -hvsve-nstomne. He heard bad news. ohk-hvsveamehtse He walks
badly. -hvsvevo'stanheveo'o They live in a bad way (for example, they "don't have it together").
-hvsveno'e vii. taste bad. -hvsveno'e. It tastes bad. -hvsveh vii. lie bad. -hvsvha. It's lying in bad shape. for example, of a car after a wreck. -hvsvhahts
vti. wreck s.t. N-hvsvhhtse. I wrecked it. for instance, to damage s.t. by
dragging it.
-hvsv'aht vti. regard s.t. as having bad taste, taste s.t. as as bad, bad taste of s.t. N-hvsv'hta.
I don't like its taste / it tastes bad to me.
-hvsve'hahe vai. Final: -e'hahe.have a bad voice. Nxae-hvsve'hahe I just sound bad (1987:160). -hvsve'eme vai. make a bad sound. -hvsve'eme. He's making a bad sound. -hvsvem vta. speak badly about s.o. -hvsvemho. He made a bad remark about him.
hvsvemhta'soma na. evil spirit; demon. There does not seem to have been any aboriginal word
for an evil spirit, although there were spirit-like entities which were feared such as mhneo'o and mstaeo'o. A number of neologisms have been suggested for 'evil spirit', such as this entry.Pl: hvsvemhta'somaho. See: mhta'soma; hevhso.
-hvsvema'em vai. have bad blood. some people were regarded as having bad blood, for example
coming from bad families; you were told not to turn toward them, not to mix with them; also, this can refer to a poor bloodline of animals, esp. horses. Medial: -ma'em. hvsvema'emao'o They have bad blood.
hvsvema'heo'o na. evil spirit; demon.Literally: evil-god. -hvsvemah'ne

vai. cook with bad smells. -hvsvemah'ne. She's cooking making bad smells. Final: -ah'en.
-hvsvema'xe vai. smell bad. -hvsvema'xe. He smells bad. fai: -ma'xe. -hvsvemeotse vii. vai. smell bad. -hvsvemeotse It smells bad. -hvsvemesome vai. smelly stool. -hvsvemesome. He has a smelly stool. fai: -sme. -hvsvemo'san vai. smell foul. -hvsvem'sne. He smells foul. for example, from feces or
passing gas.
-hvsvn vai. bad face, ugly face. -hvsvne. He has an ugly face. -hvsvn'o vai. make a bad face. -hvsvn'o. He made a bad face. -hvsvenestse vai. bad speech, poor speaker. -hvsvenestse. He's a poor speaker / his speech is
bac. fai: -nestse.
-hvsvenome vai. sleep badly. -hvsvenome. He sleeps badly. for example, kicks during sleep, or
takes all the blankets.
-hvsvenno'e
vii. look bad. -hvsvenno'e. It looks bad. fii: -nno'e; Antonym: -phvenno'e. See: -henno'e.
-hvsvenohe vai. look bad. -hvsvenohe. He looks bad. fai: -nohe; Antonym: -phvenohe. -hvsve'e vai. stand in a bad place. -hvsve'e. He's standing in a bad place. fai: -. -hvsvsan
vai. dress badly. -hvsvsne. He's dressed badly. for example, to be dressed sloppily. fai: -san2.
-hvsvee vai. lie in a bad way. for example, of a dead deer that lies too long somewhere and gets
rotten. -hvsve. It's lying bad.
-hvsvetan vai. feel bad (mentally); be unhappy. -hvsvtno. He is unhappy/he feels (mentally)
bad. Antonym: -phvetan. See: -novetan.
-hvsvetan't vti. think bad about s.t., have bad feelings about s.t. N-hvsvetan'ta. I'm thinking
bad about it / I have bad feelings about it. Hov'he nsa-hvsvetan'the. I'm not feeling bad about anything.
-hvsvetanotse vai. come to feel bad (mentally). -hvsvetanotse He feels bad. -hvsvvhan vai. drum badly; drum in an evil way. -hvsvvhne. He drummed in an evil
way. Antonym: -phvevhan.
hvsvevhanhe
na. 1 the evil one; an evil spirit; the devil. Obviative: hvsvevhanheho. See: hvsve-mhta'soma; hevohe; hvsvevonhha'otanevhe. 2 the mad drummer. ho'eoh't'e hvsvevhanheho the mad drummer came to him (=he's
angry.).
hvsvevonhha'sanhe na. demon; evil spirit. hvsvevonhha'tanevhe

See: hvsvemhta'soma. na.
Evil
Tempter;
the
devil;
demon;
evil
spirit.
Hvsvevon'o na. Bad Morning. See: Phvevon'o. -hvsvostomo'he

vai. bad attitude, bad personality. Antonym: -phvostomo'he. hohehvsvostomo'he. He has a very bad attitude. Some attitudes or actions which have been
categorized under this superordinate label are (all with third person sg. subjects): nstsstahe 'he spits at you; dislikes people; carries grudges'; non'sta 'he talks back; sasses'; netse'e 'he lies'; nomhtse 'he steals'; hoxhevse 'he murdered'; vnhkse 'he is stingy'; vnh'heneve 'he is prickly; easily offended; touchy'; ksstha 'he is short-tempered'; hometahe 'he holds back; doesn't mingle'; sanannhhe 'he has no pity; feelings; mercy'; he'konostomo'he 'he is hard to get along with'.
-hvsvhomo'he vai. dance badly. -hvsvhomo'he. He danced badly. -hvsvhne vai. give a bad sign, sign bad. for example, to give s.o. the finger. -hvsvhne. He
gave a bad sign. fai: -ohon.
-hvsvhtva vai. vti. buy s.t. bad. -hvsvhtva. He bought something no good. -hvsvo'an vai. talk bad. -hvsv'ne He talked bad. -hvsvo'anoohe -hvsvo'eh
vai. talk bad. tsmhaehee'e-hvsvo'anoohto the way I as going to talk bad/evil. [BERTHA.TXT] vta. badly treat s.o. See: -mtsstm; -momtsstm. Antonym: -phvo'eh. Nhvsvo'ehahtsme. You have ruined yourselves. (1987:216). N-hvsvo'eh'e. They treated me bad; they were mean to me. Nv'e-hvsvo'eee! Don't do anything wrong to me!
-hvsvo'estman vai. do evil; sin; do wrong. See: -o'hto'etahe. -hvsvo'estmne He did

wrong/he did evil. [1987:231]
-hvsvo'etahe vai. do something bad. -hvsvo'etahe. He did something bad. has been used for
the meaning of 'to sin'. fai: -o'etahe. See: -h'heetovnove; -'hto'etahe.
hvsvo'eth'heo'o
na. hvsvo'eth'heneve.
sinner.Literally: bad-doer.
Pl: hvsvo'eth'heono.
vai: -
-hvsvo'eth'heneve vai. be a sinner, be a bad doer. -hvsvo'eth'heneve. He is a person

who does bad. IndepNoun: hvsvo'eth'h'o.
-hvsvo'eman vai. rule badly, govern badly. -hvsvo'emne. He ruled badly/he governed badly.
See: -ho'eman.
-hvsvo'omenehe
vai. experience something bad. Hne nhtseme nhe ksovhe tshehvsvo'omenese. That's the story of the young man, that something awful had been done to him. (1987:294). See: -ho'omenehe. Antonym: -phvo'omenehe.
-hvsvo't vta. Final: -o't.declare s.o. bad. N-hvsvo'to "I can't say anything good about him.". -hvsvomhtahe vai. feel bad, bad health. refers to physical health. N-hvsvomhtahe. I feel bad.
Final: -omhtahe; Antonym: -phvomhtahe.
-hvsvone'n vai. evil minded; terrible (as a person); wicked. -hvsvone'ne. He is wicked.
See: -hone'.
-hvsvonen vai. have bad teeth. -hvsvonne. He has bad teeth. Medial: -onen. -hvsvotse'ohe vai. work badly. -hvsvotse'ohe. He works badly. See: -xnetamotse'ohe. -hvsvotse'ht vti. use s.t. in a bad way. tsstav'-hvsvotse'htomevse but they are using it in a
bad way (1987:213).
Hvevstse na. ?? hxee'se na. person who is jolly; person who doesn't bother anyone; person who is not harmful (for
example, a drunk).
hxe p. Ouch! -he1 vai. say. irregular verb; cannot stand alone as a stem; high-pitched in pret. and attrib. mode forms.
-hevoo'o. He said. -hevone. They said. N-heve. I said. Nx-heve? What did you say? Nn-heve I said (that). Nsa'x-hhe I didn't say anything. sa'x-hhe He didn't say anything. N-hme We (excl.) said. Nhema We (incl.) said. N-hme You (pl) said. ts-hto what I said. ts-heese what he said. ts-hetsse what he (obv) said. ts-hvse what they said. tsox-heese that's what he said. naa hthtse mhnhn-hehhe n=tsvhonevstse ... and, here, that chief said, ... (1987:52). mstaem'stomhehhe hva tstav-hvse He was told what they said (1987:52). mhkxae'ev'nen-hehhe tsohkevhets-heese He must just say those
things which he always says (1987:59). staohkema'x-hhoo'o He (it) would holler (surp.) (1987:256). x-hsesto It is said they said (attrib.). mx-hehevhe They must have said. Nsan-hhe I did not say that. san-hhe He did not say that. san-hheo'o. They did not say that. Homonym: he-3 have.
-he2
mode. interrogative suffix for yes-no questions. Nheana-he? Are you hungry? Nvohtano-tse amho'hstottse? Did you see cars? Nmsenotse mentse? Did you eat the berries? Notes (Phonology) Phonologically, TI verbs which end in -tse in the affirmative and -otse in questions have the word-final -he question morpheme, as /-ot-he/. mshevo-he? Did they eat? Nvomovo-he? Did you see them (an.)? tonto-he? Is it cold? Cheyenne permits negative yes-no questions, but they do not seem to be as common as they are in English: sanmenhe-he? Didn't he sing? sanmenhevo-he? Didn't they sing? Negative yes-no questions are similar to Cheyenne inferentials, which have added suffixes on the end: M-nmenhhe. He must have sung. M-nmenhevhe. They must have sung. See: m-.
he-3 pv. have. takes a following noun stem. In this dictionary many 'have' entries are filed according to
the noun stem following he-. The resultant verb stem with he- plus noun is either AI or TA. N-hevxahe. I have a grandchild(ren)/I have a child(ren)-in-law. -hestnahe. He has a daughter. N-hemteke. I have a knife. 'have' stems with deverbal nominals change the -htot of the nominal to -htov: -heamho'hstove. He has a car. (cf. amho'hesttse 'car'). hevoestove. She has on a dress. ts-hekto my mother (lit. the one who I have as mother). tshee'hahstovstse the son (lit. the one who is had as son). Nvhe ts-he-stotseestse? Whose pet (esp. horse) is that? See: -ho'ts have it; -ho'h have him; -'en own s.t./s.o.; htshtse possession (poss.); he- have. Homonym: he-3 say. Etymology: derives from PA third person possessive prefix *we-.
he-4 pro. his; her; third person possessor; third person possessor prefix. he-stnaho his daughter(s). hehevho their father(s). he-mheontse his houses. See: - 3; na- 1PS. Etymology: *we-.
h-
i. accustomed to; used to. -hose. He is used to the cold. -hano'xe. He gets up early/he is accustomed to lack of sleep. -he. He is used to lying down. See: -h'xatam accustomed to s.o.; h'xe-; he- have.
h p. hey. -h sfx. agentivizer. vovstomsan-he (cf. -vovstomsne 'he taught') teacher. tshe'sees-he elephant
(lit. long-nosed-one). Hee'kvhaht-he Dusty Foot. See: -httse NOM; -vhan personifier.
-he sfx. negative suffix. Used in all independent verbs except II verbs; it is used along with the sapreverb. Nsahotse'h-he. I did not work. Nsahestan-hentse. I did not take them (inan.). tssaman-hese those who do not drink. samsh-he. He did not eat. This seems to be the same suffix that occurs at the end of inferential verbs: Mhman-hhe. He must have drunk. Mxhavsva'han-he. It must have been bad. Etymology: *-wi negative; Mu -wi cf. C ssi ??. See: sa- NEG; ho'n- NEG; -he Q.
h-
pv. to, for the purpose of. T-hovstse! Go lie down! Nx-h-estnhtse! Go get it! thmxe'stne He went to school/he went to write. t-hmanohe He went for water. Hmseestse Come eat! N-hvsthme (cf. nvsthme 'we are helping') we are here to help. Th-hene'nhtse Go find out! contracts with following he or h in some forms. -hene'na (from /-h-hne'en/) He came to find out. -hestna (from /-h-hestan/) He came to get it.
combines with other preverbs to create rhetorical question-like constructions, typically, with emphatic force: mn-me'-evseam-h-thoo'e ma'aetaemne there's no way you'll catch me riding on the train! (me'-...h) (1987:29). noo tsa'e me'tn-h-voneotsesstse My, oh where could he be lost? -me'-taome-h-hene'enohe Find out for yourself! (for example, this could be sarcastic or used to bawl out s.o.). Nsav'-hvo'stanhevhentse! Don't let it bother you! (lit. you're not alive just for him; so don't let what he did to you bother you). tx'e nvhoxheve again you are talking (nonsense) (Croft). emphatic rhetorical questions also are created by the combination of h- and interrogative pronouns or interrogative preverbs: See: me'-h; tn-h-; ne'e-; nonhpa; h'ko-. N-htonve What did you do?! (for example, I heard you did something and I'm bawling you out)/What did you do this time?! vhtonve What in the world did he do? Nne'-htonevehe I didn't do ANYTHING! tsa'e -hhesthesstse Where in the world did he come from?! (for example, the speaker is talking about s.o. who has a mean streak and is trying to figure out where they got the mean streak from). Etymology: O wii- will/want to (N).
-he-aname
vai. have a birthday. he-aname. It's his birthday (lit. he has a year). Synonym: -heeame.Literally: have a year. See: -anam.
-he-ahkame vai. chew gum; have gum.Literally: have pitch. Pine tree pitch could be chewed as gum.
The term for pitch has been extended to modern chewing gum. he-ahkame. He is chewing gum. See: ahke gum; he- have; -ahkeve gummy.
Hhke na. (man's name). h'e

p. maybe; perhaps. H'e naotse. Maybe he's sleeping. often takes the postclitic hedging
morpheme hma, as h'=hma. can be used in alternative constructions, for example. See: hva; ta'se; mhe; hv-mhe; onhxe-. Nsahne'enovhe h'e e- naa mto h'e sa'hestanhe I don't know if he did or maybe he did not have it (heart surgery) yet (1987:163).
he'hma p. perhaps; maybe; I guess. See: h'e; hama; hva; onxe-; t'shma; onhxe-. -ha'hahts vti. empty s.t.; dump out s.t., spill out s.t. (intentionally). -ha'hhtse. He emptied it out.
he-ha'hhtse. He threw it outside. Ha'hhtsstse! Empty it! See: -he'o'ts spill s.t.; hhea'hahts; -vho'oests throw away s.t..
He'ke na. Young Mule. Notes (Phonology) short for Ho'nhe'ke hema
p. on the side. Etymology: *wepemenki ??; Usage: obsolescing for younger speakers.
cf. O opime-ayi'ii (N). See: he'ma.
-he-amho'hstove vai. have a car. N-he-amho'hstove. I have a car. -heam'o'ts vti. set s.t. on its side. -heam''tse. He set it on its side. Nt-ham'otsenone! Let's set
it on its side!
-heamohts
vai. walk sideways. -heamhtse. He's walking sideways. taanhe-heamhtse. He walked down sideways (for example, down a rocky hill).
heamome p. on the side (of a tepee; tent; lodge, or house).Literally: side-lodge. heamom'e p. beside; on the side of (for example, a hill). -heamvevonehn vai. turn on to side slowly. -heamvevonhne. He slowly turned on to his side.
from a lying position.
-heamvevoneohe vai. turn on to side quickly. -heamvevoneohe. He turned on to his side quickly. -heamvoo'e vai. sit sideways. -heamvoo'e He's sitting sideways. Notes (Phonology) vs Final: -oe. -heamxe vai. lie on side. -heamxe. He is lying on his side. Etymology: cf. O opimeshin (N). See: h'hamee.
-he-am'eneone vai. have a wagon. -he-am'eneone. He has a wagon. -heanae'e vai. weigh. N-heanae'e. I weighed (myself). -heanaots vti. weigh s.t. -heanatse. He weighed it. -hano'xe vai. accustomed to lack of sleep. See: h-; -hose. -hano'xe. He is accustomed to lack of
sleep / He gets up early. Final: -no'xe.
hevohe na. devil. See: astomema'heo'o. Hevohe ntxe'h'tova. The devil is hanging over you (=you
are in a bad mood). Hevohe hestsv'xe ohkev'etsh'hnvo. The devil is touching him with his hot tail. hone'ovho hevhho. He's wearing the devil (can be said of a misbehaving child). Usage: Probably a loan translation from Spanish diablo 'devil', as Petter (PD372) suggests; the concept of the devil is not native to traditional Cheyenne belief systems..Pl: hevheo'o. Obviative: hevhho, hevhevaho ??; Diminutive: hevhso.
hevhenno loc. hell.Literally: devil-place. See: a'enevonenahttse; ahtno'om'e. hevhso

na. little devil.Pl: hevhesono. See: hvsvemhta'soma. Obviative: hevhesono; Synonym: astomev'ho'e.
-hevheve vai. be a devil. can be said of a misbehaving child. -hevheve. He's (acting like) a devil. -he-axaa'heme vai. have a sister (of male); sister-in-law (of female). he-axaa'heme. He has a sister;
She has a sister-in-law. tshe-axaa'hmto the one who is my sister (of male). vta: -heaxaa'hm'tov; Possessive: -axaa'hm.
-he-axaa'hm'tov
vta. have s.o. as sister (of male), have s.o. as sister-in-law (of female). heaxaa'hemenoto He has her as sister/she has her as sister-in-law (sister's husband & husband's sister). Nhe-axaa'hementse. She's my sister-in-law. vai: -he-axaa'hm.
heaxaa'hemo na. his sister; her sister-in-law. he- pv. have. Varient of h- in some conjunct participles: ts-hemhenstse the one who owned the
house (1987:214). Nvhe ts-heamho'hstovstse? Whose car is that (lit. Who has/owns the car?). Nvhe ts-hesttseestse? Whose pet (esp. horse) is that? Noo, staoseehohephvetanotshoono ts-hensonhese. My, the parents (lit. those who had a child) were very happy. (1987:297).Variant: he-.
h p. whoops. An exclamation indicating that a speaker has caught his mistake and is going to repair it.
See: hhe; tshmhe; ee; he'he.
heee p. hey; oh; oops. See: hhe. -heh vii. spilled, lie spilled. -hha. It's lying there spilled. vti: -he'o'ts. hehme na. her husband. Usage: obsolescing. Stem: -hame; vai: -he-hame. -hehame
vai. have a husband; have sex. said of a woman. -hehame. She has a husband. IndepNoun: hehme; Antonym: -hestse'eme.
-he-ham'tov vta. have s.o. as husband, have sex with s.o. Nhe-hamentse. He is my husband. (also
means 'I had sex with him'). he-hamnoto. She has him as husband.
-he-hamtan vai. want a husband. today probably esp. refers to wanting a man for intercourse. hehamtno. She wants a husband. See: -he'tan.
hehe'e p. yes. hehe'e (male voice) Masculine: haahe. Usage: Apparently in past times this word has
been used only by women. Today it seems to be used by most men, as well as women..
-he-e'hahamone
vai. have a nephew; have a stepson. he-e'hahamone He has a nephew. tshee'hahamonto the one who is my nephew/stepson.
-he-e'hahamon'tov vta. have s.o. as nephew. he-e'hahamonnoto He has him as nephew. hee'hahamono na. his/her nephew; his/her stepson. This person is a man's brother's son or a woman's
sister's son. He is not called a "nephew" in English in the Cheyenne system. Instead, he can be called "son.".Variant: hee'hahemono. Usage: This is the more common pronunciation.. See: hestnhamono his/her niece/stepdaughter.
-he-e'hahe vai. have a son. Nhe-e'hahe. I have a son. tshe-e'hahto the one who is my son. vta: -hee'hah'tov. Etymology: cf. M okiiqsew.
-he-e'hah'tov vta. have s.o. as son. Nhe-e'hahentse. He is my son (that is, I have him as son). hee'hahnoto. He has him as son. Possessive: -e'ha; vai: -he-e'hahe.
hee'hahemono na. his/her nephew; his/her stepson.Variant: hee'hahamono. hee'haho na. his/her son(s). Stem: -e'hah. -he'o'h vta. spill s.o. for example, to spill beans. -he'o'hho. He spilled him (an.). vti: -he'o'ts. -he'o'san vai. spill. N-he'o'sne. I spilled (something). vti: -he'o'ts; vta: -he'o'h. -he'o'ts vti. spill s.t., pour s.t. liquid or another substance. -he''tse. He spilled it. -he'o'tsentse
hko'eneontse. He spilled the marbles. Nx-he''tsstse mahpe! Go pour water! vai: -he'o'san, -heotse; vii: -heotse, -heh; vta: -he'o'h. See: -ha'hahts.
-hene'en vti. intend to know s.t. combination of the preverb h- and verb stem -hne'en. -hene'na. He
came to (purpose) know it. Initial: h-. See: -hne'en.
-hensemohe
vai. stiffen to resist being moved. for example, stiffly arch one's (own) back. hensemohe. He's arching his back (for example, a baby when angry).
-hense'e vai. stand firm; brace. -hense'e. He stood firmly holding his ground/bracing himself
(literally, not in terms of emotional state). Notes (Phonology) vs
-henotmo'en
vii. overflow. -henotmo'na. hheotmo'en. See: -'otmo'en full.
It
overflowed.Variant: -hhenotmo'en;
-heotse vii. spill. -heotse. It spilled. for example, of something that spilled through one's fingers.
vai. -heotseo'o he'hesono. The rice (animate plural) spilled. vti: -he'o'ts.
hesev- i. boil. -heseven vta. take s.o. from there, snatch s.o. from there, arrest s.o. from there. -hesevenho. He
snatched him from there. N-hesevenne. I was taken from here (for example, by the police). vti. take s.t. from there, snatch s.t. from there. -hesevna. He grabbed it from there. See: heseven; -hestan.
-hesevo'h boil s.t. See: -ho'oests. -hesev'ha She boiled it (liquid). vii: -hesevo't. -hesevo'ho'(n) boil s.o. hesevo'ho'noo'o mshstoto Boil the potatoes! -hesevo't vii. boil. -hesev'ta. It's boiling. See: -nsome't. hesevo'tamahpe ni. beer.Literally: bubbling-water. See: po'ho'hmahpe; v'ho'mahpe. -hesevooestho't vii. boil. -hesevooesth'ta. It is boiling (for example, a car radiator that has
over-heated).
-hesth vai. courageous; brave; bold. -hestha. He is courageous. vta: -hestha'ov. See: -hetsevahe;
-hhnovahe; -hhnovetan.
-hestha'san
vai. embolden. ohkhestha'sne ma'heo'o. God strengthens (people). vta: hestha'ov.
-hestha'ov vta. embolden s.o.; give s.o. courage. seems more the idea of causing boldness in s.o.
rather than encouragement, but this latter element may be here, also, to some extent. hestha'ovho He emboldened him. N-hestha'oo'e. It strengthens me. Nxhesthao'ovemeno! Give us courage! Notes (Phonology) hpo Medial: -hth; vai: -hesth. See: hhnovvam; -hhnovem; - vonhha'ov; -hahe.
-hestan vti. vta. come (or go) to get s.t./s.o. See: -hestan. -hestna He came (or went) to (purpose) get
it. Nx-hestnhtse! Go get it!; Come and get it! Notes (Phonology) contraction of /-h-hestan/
hestoonvetke ni. throat fat. part of Sun Dance equipment. Possessive: -stoo'o throat. -he-stse'henove vai. have a shirt; have a coat. -hestse'henove. He has a shirt on. Nhkhho'eeve
xhe-stse'henvnse. He used a bearskin for a coat. IndepNoun: stse'he. See: -hoestove.
-hee
vai. lie accustomed. -he. He is accustomed to lying. that is, to be used to lying down. Initial: h-. day. 2 have the time. Nhe-eamehe? Do you have the time? (that is, What time is it?). Usage: loan translation from English. See: -he-e'ham; -he-aname.
-he-eame vai. 1 have a birthday. he-eame. It is his birthday (lit. he has the day). Literally: have a
-he-e'hame vai. 1 have a clock. he-e'hame. He has a clock. Nhe-e'hamehe? Do you have a
watch? 2 fig., have the time. Usage: loan transl. from English. Mnhe-e'hame? Do you have a clock/the time? (=What time is it?).
Hevhetane
na. Southern Cheyenne; Oklahoma Cheyenne.Pl: Hevhetaneo'o. Obviative: Hevhetanho. The origin of this name is debated. One folk etymology says the
name was given because this band of Cheyennes were "roped in," remaining in Oklahoma when Cheyennes under the leadership of Little Wolf and Dull Knife fled north to Montana. It is more likely that the name referred to some characteristic of the southern band when the various bands were in closer proximity--perhaps a characteristic of dress. The name of this band often occurs in semantic opposition to (Notam)ohmshese, the 'Northern Eaters', or 'Northern Cheyennes.'. See: -tshstahe.
Hevhetan'e na. Southern Cheyenne woman.Pl: Hevhetan'eo'o. Hevhetanno ni. Oklahoma. -hevhetanvaeho't vii. very hot. in this heat you can see shimmering waves on the horizon. hevhetanvaeh'ta. It's really hot.Literally: Oklahoma-hot. hevhetanvh'ta. See: -mmstho't. Variant: also pronounced
-hevhetanvho't
vii. be very hot. -hevhetanvh'ta it's really hot.Literally: Oklahoma-hot. Variant: -hevhetanvaeho't. See: -mmstho't. vai. speak Southern Cheyenne. -hevhetanvenestse He speaks Southern Cheyenne. Usage: probably very few speakers would ever use such a term. see discussion of dialectal differences between Montana and Oklahoma speakers under the entry k'ko'haseo'o 'clock, watch'.
-hevhetanvenestse
hevhevetanvhkha'etane na. Arab.Literally: rope-rimmed-hat-person. hevaho na. rope, lariat. made of fibers, for example, from hemp; such as soft rope. This word is
grammatically plural, probably with reference to the fibers, similar to the plurality of cloth terms and grass/weed terms. Oblique: hevhva. Hevaho -pe'pe'neene. The rope is lying tangled on the ground. See: -htsevheme; vhpevaho; sthke; sthkeho.
-hevo'hahts vti. spill s.t. -hevo'hhtse He spilled it. See: -he'o'ts; -ha'hahts. -hh na. father. Notes (Phonology) an irregular stem, both for segments and pitches, for example /-hh/ vs. /hhe/ term applied to biological father and paternal uncles. eho your father. heho his father(s). hane our (incl.) father. Hhe-eva Father's Day. hhevho their father(s). vai: -hhe; vta: hh'tov. See: nho'ehe my father.
-heh f. like; similar; same as; as. This final suffixes to both animate and inanimate nouns. The verb
associated with such a noun must be a relative verb. Usage: probably obsolescing. He'ntoonhha hso. It's like a door. Hohtsets-hha he'stahe. He's as tall as a tree. Pesn-hha nheenhahkahe. I'm as quick as a cat. See: -ah(??); -ses; -sestahe; ta'se.
-he-haehe vai. have a paternal aunt. he-haehe. He has a paternal aunt ("auntie"). tshe-haehto the one
who is my paternal aunt ("auntie").
-he-haeh'tov vta. have s.o. as paternal aunt. Nhe-haehentse. She is my paternal aunt. A paternal
aunt (father's sister) is the aunt that Cheyennes most commonly call "auntie" in English, as opposed to the maternal aunt, -kamone'tov. ?? See: -he-kamone'tov have s.o. as maternal aunt.
hehaeho na. his/her paternal aunt. Stem: -haeh. See: hekamono his/her maternal aunt (or stepmother). -hhamone
vai. have a paternal uncle; have a stepfather. contains pv. he- 'have' coalesced with beginning of nominal stem. -hhamone He has a paternal uncle. ts-hhamonto the one who is my paternal uncle.
-hhamon'tov vta. have s.o. as paternal uncle; stepfather. -hhamonnoto. He has him as paternal
uncle ("uncle"). It is this relationship for which Cheyenne use the English term "uncle," not usually the term for maternal uncle, -h'tov. See: -h'tov.
hhamono na. his/her paternal uncle; his/her stepfather. (woman's voice) Notes (Phonology) contains
third pers. poss. pfx he- coalesced with the beginning of noun stem A paternal uncle is treated as a
father in the Cheyenne system and can be called "father" when speaking English. See: heeho his/her maternal uncle.
hehan'e loc. on the nape. Possessive: -hne'e; Medial: -hane'. hhe p. hey; oh; oops. self-corrective exclamation. See: h; tshmhe. -hehe vai. have a father. N-hehe I have a father. -hheo'o They have a father(s). ts-hhto the one
who is my father. vta: /-hh'tov/. See: -hh.
-hhea'hahts vti. spill s.t. from shaking. -hhea'hhtse. He spilled it. Nma'x-hhea'hhtse. I spilled
a lot of it (for example, I spilled coffee while the cup was shaking as I walked). Preverb: h-. See: -ha'hahts spill s.t.; -hheotmo'en overflow.
-hheehanohts
han.
vai. teary eyes. -hheehanhtse. He has teary/watery eyes. BodyPartMedial: -
Hheeva Father's Day. -hhe'tov vta. have s.o. as father. N-hhentse. He is my father. -hhenoto. He has him as father (that
is, he is his father). N-hhe'tova. I am his father. Notes (Phonology) The preverb he- 'have' has coalesced with the beginning of the noun stem /-hh/ 'father.' vai: -hhe.
-hhenotmo'ena vii. overflow, run over. -hhenotmo'na. It (for example, water) ran over.Variant: hheotmo'en; -henotmo'en. See: -'otmo'en; -'otmoovt; -hheotseotse.
-hheotomhtahe vai. nauseous. -hheotomhtahe. He is nauseous/feels like vomiting. fai: -omhtahe.

See: -hheotseotse; -hheotmo'en.
-hheotmo'en
vii. overflow, spill over. -hheotmo'na. It overflowed. for example, of a waterpot.Variant: -hhenotmo'en; -henotmo'en. See: -'otmo'ena; -hheotseotse.
hheots-heseo'tse ni. vomiting medicine. -hheotsmea'xe vai. vomit smell. -hheotsmea'xe. He smells of vomit. -hheotseotse vai. vomit. -hheotseotse. He vomited. See: -hheotomhtahe; -hheotmo'en. hehesve'oo'o na. deer legbone pipe. made of the lower legbone. heheso na. hoofs. can be prepared and eaten. Usage: sg. is rare if used at all. Singular: hhese. See: hese hoof (poss). Etymology: cf. *mesici foot.
hehv'xe
ni. tail, tailbone, oxtail (piece of meat).Pl: hehva'xstse. Possessive: -htshv'xe; BodyPartMedial: -hev's. See: hestshv'xe his tail.
hhnov- i. patient. -hhnovahe vai. patient; unperturbed. -hhnovahe. He is unperturbed. See: -hestha; -ohnovahe. hhnove'ohko na. peace pipe. See: he'ohko. -hhnovem
vta. encourage s.o. -hhnovemho. He encouraged him. vai: -hhnovetan. See: hestha'ov; -vonhha'ov.
-hhnovetan vai. courageous, feel encouraged, have fortitude, brave. -hhnovetno. He is brave. for
example, when someone is scared but does something difficult anyway, such as walking across a swinging rope bridge. Hhnovetnhtse! Be encouraged!/Courage! (for example, said to s.o. mourning a death). See: -he'konetan; -hestha; -'tstan.
-hhnovvam
vta. encourage s.o., embolden s.o. -hhnovvamho. He encouraged him. See: hhnovem; -hestha'ov. ehnovotse'ohe. -hhnovotse'ohe He steadily (steadfastly; faithfully) hhnovotse'heo'o They (esp. whites) work patiently/steadily/with fortitude.
-hhnovotse'ohe vai. work with fortitude. Cheyennes view many whites as working this way. See: works.
-
heho na. his (or her) father(s). hhevho their father(s). Etymology: *o:h0ali. hehp- i. beyond; farther; more. See: hono'xe-. -hehpaa'nonoohe
vai. sing louder. taohketo's-hehpaa'nonoohe. He would just about sing
louder. [1987:150]
-hhphahe vai. fearful, easily frightened, always scared. See: -ta'pahe; -ta'phen. -hhphahe. He
is easily frightened / always scared.
-hhpahe vai. afraid, scared. -hhpahe. He is a scared person. See: -e'thtahe; -hehpahe. -hehpahe
vai. more. for example, worth more than someone else. -hehpahe. He's more. See: hhpahe scared.
-hehpa'haso'he vai. ride horse beyond. -hehpa'haso'he. He rode his horse beyond (a certain point). -hehpa'san vai. exaggerate; tell a bigger story than someone else. for example, to tell a what is
called a fish story in English. -hehpa'sne. He told it in a bigger way.
-hehpan vti. go beyond s.t., twist s.t. for example, to "stretch" the truth. N-hehpna. I twisted it;
stretched it beyond that way it actually is.
-hehpao' vii. larger. -hehpa'o It is larger (in size). -hehpe'e vai. overdo drinking. -hehpe'e. He drank too much. Initial: hehp-; fai: -ase'e. See: nontove'e.
hehpe- pv. more, beyond, farther. See: maato; hono'xe-. N-hehpevestomo'he. I asked for more than
allowed (or that I intended to ask for).
hehp'e ni. beyond a day. See: nv'e. -hehpehn e'he vai. be past noon. -hehphne e'he it's past noon.Literally: beyond-walk sun. -hhphno'etahe vai. do something scarey. -hhphno'etahe. He did something scarey. -hehphht vti. walk beyond s.t. -hehphhta. He walked beyond it. vta: -hehpht. -hehpht vta. walk beyond s.o. -hehphoto He walked beyond him. [PD17] vti: -hehphht. -hehpe'stahe
vai. taller. for instance, of someone who is taller than the height of a doorway. hehpe'stahe. He's taller. fai: -'stahe.
-hehp'ha vai. fly beyond, fly farther. -hehp'ha. He flew farther. -hehpe'han vai. overeat. See: -ho'pohe. -hehpe'hna He overate. Final: -e'han. -hehpe'hoohe vai. fly beyond. -hehpe'hoohe. He flew beyond. -hehpe'sev vii. flow farther, flow beyond. -hehpe'svo. It flowed farther. fii: -'sev. hehpe'e p. farther on in time. can be a functional command; for example, 'Turn the calendar; it is not
until next month!'. See: nhst'e; nhe'e; tshe'e; he'e-.
-hehpe'xove vii. be past time. -hehpe'xove it's past time. hehpe'xvva p. later. See: hehpeto; novse-. -hehpemohe vai. run beyond, run farther. -hehpemohe. He ran beyond. for example, to run past the
finish line in a race. fai: -mohe.
-hehpnome vai. oversleep. -hehpnome. He overslept. fai: -nome. -hehpnomeotse vai. oversleep. N-hehpnomeotse. I overslept. -hehpenon vai. sing beyond, sing further. for example, to keep singing after everyone else stopped
singing. -hehpenne. He sang beyond. fai: -non.
-hehpe'e vii. stick out farther; stand beyond. for instance, of a nail that is too long for a board it is
pounded into and it sticks out some. -hehpe'e. It is sticking out farther. fii: -. See: hehpe'stahe.
-hehpeotse vai. be late. can be a condition when playing cards. -hehpeotse. He's late. -hehpepoo'em vta. double dribble (the ball, animate). -hehpepoo'emho. He double dribbled him
(the ball, animate). See: -poo'em. Usage: neologism.
hehpstoha p. more and more, so many times. See: hesto; vonostnstva. -hehpstoh vii. be more in quantity. hehp-sthnstse namentse tshnehveto I have more berries
than you do.
-hehpstoxe vai. more in quantity. -hehpstoxeo'o. There are more of them (animate). -hehpee vai. lie beyond. -hehpe. He is lying past the place where he is supposed to sleep. -hehpetan vai. greedy; want more. a characteristic of the v'ho'e. -hehpetno. He is greedy/he wants
more. See: -hehpets; -ho'pohe.
-hehpetanotse vai. greedy; want more. -hehpetanotse. He wants more than he needs. See: -hehpets;
-ho'pohe.
hehpeto p. later; a little bit more. hehpeto ts'emoese Tshe'sta'he after the battle with Long Hair
(Custer) (1987:59). Preverb: hehpe-. See: hehpe'xvva; maato.
-hehpetse vai. overdo; be greedy; go beyond one's limit. a characteristic of the trickster figure, v'ho'e,
and a perceived trait of whites, who are named for the trickster. -hehpetse. He went beyond.
-hehpe' vai. vii. float farther, float beyond. -hehp'o. He floated farther. -hehpoeme vta. higher priced. -hehpoeme. It/He is higher priced. -hehposen vai. hang beyong. -hehpose He is hanging farther/beyond (for example, the sun, past a
certain time).
-hehpost vii. hang beyond; past in time. -hehposta. It is hanging beyond (for example, past noon).
-hehposta tshno'kxe'ohe. It's after 1 o'clock. Neva o'xe -hehposta. It's 4:30 p.m. See: host hang.
hhpoh- i. frighten. hhpohe- i. scared. -hhpheotse. He is scared. -hhpheh vta. scare s.o., frighten s.o. -hhphehho. He scared him. See: -hhphem scare s.o.; e'h fear s.o..
-hehph'emas vta. overshoot s.o. that is, miss shooting s.o. by shooting over him. N-hehph'emso.
I shot over him. -hehph'emsho. He shot beyond him. fta: -emas; Antonym: -pnoma'mas.
-hhphe'eme vai. make scary sounds. -hhphe'eme. He is making scary sounds. -hhphem vta. scare s.o., frighten s.o. -hhphemho. He scared him. See: -hhpheh scare s.o.; e'h afraid of s.o..
-hhphnome vai. have a nightmare.Literally: frightened-sleep. -hhphnome. He had a nightmare.

fai: -nome. See: -nontovnome.
hhphnomesttse ni. nightmare. Final: /-nme/. -hhphennoo'e vai. frightened while looking and sitting. -hhphennoo'e. He's looking sitting
scared.
-hhpheotse vai. scared, frightened. -hhpheotse. He is scared. -hhphestanev vai. scare, frighten. -hhphestanevao'o. They scare. See: -hhphestman. -hhphestoman vai. scare, frighten. ohk-hhphestmne. He scares. See: -hhphestman. -hhphetan vai. scared. -hhphetno. He's scared. See: -e'thtahe. -hhphetannaa'e vai. sit scared. -hhphetannaa'e. He is sitting scared. Notes (Phonology) vs -hhphevone vii. sound scarey, scarey sound. -hhphevone. It is a scarey sound. -hhphno'xev vai. scary announce, announce scary things. for example, to announce a disaster or
other bad news. -hhphno'xva. He is announcing something scary.
-hhphnxe'a'h vii. scary movie. -hhphnxe''ha. It's a scary movie. -hhpho'etahe vai. do something frightening. for example, to scare someone. -hhpho'etahe. He
did something scary.
-hehpht vti. overly drink s.t., drink too much of s.t. -hehphta. He drank more of it (than he should
have). Usage: can be a euphemism for getting drunk. vti: -ht.
-hehphtv vai. spend more, buy more. -hehphtva. He spent more. for instance, to spend more
than someone else. See: -hohtv.
-hehpo'hotse vai. run farther, run beyond. See: -hehpemohe. Usage: This is more commonly used
than -hehpemohe.. -hehpo'hotse. He ran farther. tssta-hehpo'hotsse when he had run farther. [Head Chief text]
-hehpo'etahe
vai. do more. -hehpo'etahe. He did more than (for example, more than he was supposed to do). o'enohe. See: -ho'pohe; -na'h.
-hehpo'enhotse vai. overeat. -hehpo'enhotse. He overate. N-hehpo'enhotse. I overate. Final: -hehp'sthem vta. taller than s.o. N-hehp'sthema. He's taller than me. -hehpotse'ohe vai. work past, work beyond. -hehpotse'ohe. He worked beyond. to work beyond some
point in time, such as the usual quitting time for work.
-he-ka'knhame vai. have a child. probably esp. said when not about biological relationship to a
child. he-ka'knhame. He has a child. See: -he-nsone.
-he-ka'knham'tov vta. have s.o. as child. Nhe-ka'knham'tova He has me as a child (that is,
I am his child). Nhe-ka'knhamentse He is my child. Vo'stanvstmanhe nheka'knham'toema we are the Savior's children.
-he-kse'ehhame vai. have a teenage girl. naa mxhe-kse'ehhamhevhe and they had a teenage
daughter. [1987:264]
he'-
pv. however, whatever. seems only to occur in conjunct verbs. he'-tnen'stanomevhtse however somehow they put it over. he'-tnhesto'tonhomvse however they wove them (rafts) (1987:3:9). Nsahne'enhentse he'-hov'heve. I don't know those (things) whatever they are. he'hov'heve whatever it is. Nsahne'enhe he'-tnvstse. I don't know what he did. H'e nne'hne'enene he'-nev'evstse. Maybe he already knows about us, whoever he
is. [JOURNEY.TXT] This preverb refers to something which has already been done or something which is already known but which the speaker does not understand. with preverb v'(e)- creates something like a rhetorical question. he'-v'tnvstse He should have done it, shouldn't he? ?? (to which an answer could be: me'heenhevstse 'he should have done it' ??). the verb of knowing may be absent but understood: staohkeasta'has'heohsesto tnstha he'taeamenvhtse. (I don't know) how many times they had stopped on their way. (1987:26). Mhneo'o m'hkvhesthevhe nhe'xvva he'-hketnstvhtse n=mhneo'o. Water monsters used to exist at that time, however they look, these water monsters. (1987:253). this preverb may follow the conjunct prefix -: Hnhhe ts'hkhseotsvhom'hvse xhe'hketnethom'hvhtse. That's where they would have the Ghost Dance, however they did that dance. (1987:28).
he'ahtse ni. his arm; his forearm. This includes the hand up to the elbow.Pl: he'htsentse. Stem: -'ahtse. -he-'htsene
vai. have arm(s); hand(s). Nsa-he-'htsenhe You don't have hands. (from PEYOTE.TXT).
he'am- i. up; above. he'ma p. up; above. See: hema. Etymology: *epemenki. He'mhn'stse vai. Stands Above. He'mhtamhnstse vai. Highwalker. -he'ama'ham vta. throw s.o. up. -he'ama'hamho. He threw him up (into the air). literally, not by
vomiting. See: -e'a'ham.
-he'ama' vii. fly up. of some object, not of a bird. -he'am'o. It flew up.
vai. See: -e'a'.
He'mmhn'e na. Highwalking Woman. -he'aman vti. raise s.t., elevate s.t. -he'amna. He raised it. He'amanhtse! Raise it! (for exampe, a
window). ohk-he'amannovtse. They toast it (a drink). vta. raise s.o., elevate s.o. -he'amanho. He raised him. See: -vonan.
He'mnhkohe na. High Bear. See: Nhkxha'ho'osstse. -he'amtam

vta. regard s.o. as great. -he'amtamho. He regards him as great. Usage: possible neologism, perhaps a loan translation from English.
He'amavhonevstse na. High Chief. He'amav'ho'e na. Creator, Jesus.Literally: up-ve'ho'e. used by Cheyenes in Petter's time; P. tried to
stop its use in favor of the term Vo'stanvstmanhe 'Savior'. Usage: not used today; although one elder said that Catholics use it. may have been an old name for the benevolent creator. The Above Ve'ho'e (Creator; this word shows a remnant of the benevolent qualities of the legendary Algonquian culture hero; within extant folktales and recorded history the Cheyenne figure, ve'ho'e, lacks benevolent qualities and is only a trickster, greedy, etc.; the modern usage of the term ve'ho'e is for 'whiteman' who is viewed as having these justmentioned qualities of the traditional Cheyenne culture figure, ve'ho'e; ca. 1900 use of this term to refer to God or Jesus was objected to by missionary Petter because by that time a literal translation was usually given as something like 'the Whiteman- above' or, perhaps, 'the Whiteman In the Sky'; see discussion in Petter's dictionary, p. 516, under entry 'God', and Grinnell, Vol. II, p. 88).
-he'amvhne vai. sign up. that is, sign for s.o. to go up. Synonym: -e'hon. fai: -ohon.
He'amxhoso'stse vai. Highwaters. This word has been used to refer to "highwater" pants, that is,
pants whose bottom is higher than normal, as if a person were wading in high water. See: -so'e. He'amxhoso'e (alternate pronunciation).
He'mxhoo'stse vai. Sits Above. he'ame- 1 pv. up. he'ame-o'h'e up the creek (1987:185). ss'-he'amena'vaooesstse His arm was still
up (initial) in the air. (1987:266). 2 i. up. -hea'ameasevna. He threw it up (preverb).
-he'ameehe vai. move up. for example, to move upstream, such as toward the Kirby area. -he'ameehe.
He moved up.
-he'ame'h vai. fly up. Usage: possibly neologism. more natural term may be -e'e'h 'fly up'. See: e'e'h. -he'am'ha He flew up.
-he'ame'hahtaa'e
vai. sit with feet up. -he'ame'hahtaa'e. He's sitting with his feet up (elevated). BodyPartMedial: -haht; fai: -e.
-he'amemheneve vii. (of a house) have an upstairs. -he'amemheneve. It (house) has an upstairs
(second floor).
-he'amemohe vai. strain to get higher. -he'amemohe. He's straining to get up. fai: -mohe. -he'amena'v' vai. hold arm up, raise hand, raise arms up. -he'amena'v'o. He held his (own)
arms up. He'amena'v'htse! Raise your hand! Final: -na'v.
-he'amena'v'e
vai. arm stick out. he'amena'v'e. He stretched his hand toward the sky. hno'-he'amena'vaooesstse also his arm was sticking out (attrib.) (1987:265). Notes (Phonology) vs
-he'ameohts vai. 1 go up. See: -anheohts; -s'eohts. -he'amehtse. He went up. Usage: may be
neologism. 2 go to Busby from Lame Deer.
he'ameo'h'e obl. Kirby area, up the creek, upstream, upriver. refers to any upstream location, but for
Busby residents esp. refers to the Kirby area. See: e'noveo'h'e.
-he'amkhtoh vti. jack up wheel of s.t. -he'amskhtha. He jacked it up (to change a wheel).
BodyPartMedial: -hkht.
-he'amevo'oh(n) vai. hit s.o. up by tool. -he'amevo'hnho. He hit it (that is, animate ball) up. -he'amoeme -he'amose
vii. vai. be expensive. Antonym: -he'anvoeme. -he'amoeme. It is expensive/he is expensive.Literally: high-valued (counted). vai. float up. stavhtom-he'amosenhoono They nevertheless floated upward (1980:60:159).
-he'amosta mhtsem'eme vii. have high blood pressure. mhtsem'eme -he'amosta He has high
blood pressure. Usage: loan transl..
-he'amostomo'he vai. have a high personality. See: -ha'ho'osen. -he'amostomo'he. He is a high

kind of person. Usage: neologism.
-he'amosts
vti. keep up s.t. m'hkev'n-he'amestshhe He would keep (his skin tied) up. (1987:287). 'a'h.
-he'am'a'h vii. fly up in wind. for example, of a kite. -he'am''ha. It's flying up in the wind. fii: -he'am'a'ham vta. throw s.o. up. esp. of pitching a riser (ball). He'am'a'hamameha! Pitch him a
riser!
-he'am'a'xe vii. fly up in wind. for example, of a kite. -he'am'a'xe. He's flying up in the wind. -he'amo'ame vai. shoot up (into the air). nhe'e ts't=m'k'se st-he'amo'amesstse hemahe Then
this Ma'ko'se shot his arrow into the air. (1987:308). Synonym: -e'o'ame. Usage: We would suspect -e'o'ame as being the older term, with the current entry perhaps being something of a loan transl. from English..
-he'am'en vti. raise s.t.
vta. -he'am'ene hooheo'o. The flag was raised. See: -e''en.
he'amo'ome- pv. above; heavenly. ts-he'amo'omhhe'tovtse our heavenly Father. he'am'ome p. heaven. he'amo'omee-hotse'o
na. angel.Literally: heavenly-worker. Usage: neologism ; not widely used. Pl: he'amo'omee-hotse'ono.
he'amo'om'e ni. above world, heaven.Literally: up-region. Oblique: he'amo'omno. -he'amnean vta. raise s.o. by rope. -he'amneanho. He pulled him up with a rope.
vti. raise s.t. by rope. -he'amnena. He pulled it up with a rope.
-he'amneanah(n)
vta. raise s.o. (for example, flag). -he'amneanhnho. He raised him (flag). He'amneanaha hooheo'o! Raise the flag! Medial: -n.
-he'amo' vai. look up. -he'am'o. He's looking up. Notes (Phonology) not vs -he'amovotse -he'amxe'ohe
vii. rise (of liquid). non'hn'e st-he'amovotsnse hne Little by little that stuff (feces) rose up. (Croft 1988:18). vii. be a high pitch mark. Usage: neologism.Literally: high-written. -he'amxe'ohe
It is a high pitch mark.
he'an- i. easy. -he'anvo'etahe. He did it easily.

pv. -he'annheve. He did it easily. -he'anhotse'hestove. It is easy work.
-he'anahe vai. easy. -he'anahe. He's easy. -he'anheo'o. They are easy. that is, he is not stubborn; he
easily gives permission to do things; there is no sexual connotation with this word as there is when it is said in English about someone "She/He is easy.".
-he'an''h vta. corner; get hold of s.o.; even (s.t.) with s.o. See: -stavan. ts'tohe x-he'an'o'haesesto
xane hetane this skunk cornered a man (1987:281). Nv-he'an''ho I got back at him; I evened the score with him (can be simply a game or can be revenge). he'an'o'xeha Go get
him! (for example, Tell him off! / Punch him out!).
-he'an'o'ts
vti. corner, get hold of s.t. -he'an''tse. He finally got hold of it. Mstaetnhe'an'o'tshhe hne k''e. She somehow managed to get that gun. (1987:59).
-he'anotse vii. become easy. -he'anotse It has become easy. See: -he'an'o'ts. -he'ant vii. easy. -he'anto It is easy. Antonym: -htoant. -he'anvetan
vai. have it easy.Literally: easy-feel. -he'anvetno. He has it easy. H'tva nhtsemn-he'anvetno. Someday I'll have it easy. Antonym: -htoanvetan. See: -he'antan; -he'ant; -he'ketan. vai. vii. be inexpensive; be cheap. Antonym: -haoeme. -he'anvoeme. It/He is inexpensive/cheap.Literally: easy-valued (counted).
-he'anvoeme
-he'anvo'etahe vai. easily do something. -he'anvo'etahe. He did it easily. -he'anvo'emaov vta. sentence s.o. easy, light sentence s.o., give s.o. a lenient sentence. that is, to
give s.o. a light sentence. -he'anvo'emaovho. He gave him a light sentence. Antonym: htoanvo'emaov.
-he'anvotse'ohe vai. easy job, easy work. -he'anvotse'ohe. He is working at an easy job. -he'atoe'e
vai. look up standing, stand looking up. -he'atoe'e. He looked up standing. Notes (Phonology) vs
-he'atnoo'e vai. look up sitting. -he'atnoo'e. He's sitting and looking up. Notes (Phonology) vs -he'ato' vai. look up. -he'at'o. He looked up. Notes (Phonology) not vs See: -e'o'. h'e
na. woman. Holliman Spelling: hi i.Pl: he'eo'o. Obviative: he'ho. See: -e' woman (noun final); he'e'he spinster; kse'he young woman; mhatamhhe old lady; -htse'eme woman (poss.); he'e liver. Masculine: hetane; Preverb: he'-. Etymology: *e0kwe:wa. Notes (Phonology) LMR: Low-to-Mid Raising raises a low pitch to a mid if it is followed by a word-final phonemic high pitch and and not preceded by a high. Some other examples are: -homse /-homos/ 'he cooked'; ksa /kosn/ 'sheep (sg)'; x'o /an/ 'skunk'.
he'-
pv. i. woman; female. he'-ka'kne girl (lit. woman-child). he'-kokhxa hen (lit. womanchicken). he''hame mare (lit. woman-horse). xxamaen-he'o'he'kse'emhoono the women were just lulu-ing (1987:71). -he'tno He wants a woman.
he'e ni. liver.Pl: h'stse. Possessive: -htse'e. See: h'e woman. Etymology: *we0kweni his liver. -he'a'tahe vai. woman crazy. -he'a'tahe. He's woman crazy. Antonym: -hetana'tahe. See: -he'tan; n'so'eh.
he'he p. doubt. This is an expression of doubt, trying to figure out whether what you have heard is
true or not. See: eee; tshmhe.
-he'eem
vai. blow nose. -he'ema. He's blowing his nose. He'emhtse! Blow your nose! He'eemneha! Make him blow his nose! See: -he'eeme; -he'eemotse; -'eme; -he'eemsohts; nhe'eemsn.
he'eemhesttse na. handkerchief.Literally: blow.nose-NOM. -he'eemsohts vai. runny nose. -he'eemshtse. He has a runny nose. -he'eeme vai. snotty nose. -he'eeme. He has a snotty nose. See: -he'eemotse snotty nose suddenly; 'eme snot; -he'eemsohts runny nose; -nhe'eemsn wipe nose of s.o.; -he'eem blow
nose.
-he'eemotse vai. snotty nose suddenly, runny nose suddenly. N-he'eemotse. I suddenly have a snotty
nose. See: -he'eem; -he'eem; -'eme; -he'eemsohts; -nhe'eemsn.
-he'hahe
vai. be of such age; age -- be such. vaveto ntsa'vataehne'enhe tsx-he'ahto nhe'xvva ts'oesevhanto. I don't know back then exactly at what age I was when I had a name ceremony. [1987:114] Notes (Phonology) contracts to -he'ahe
he'he
na. maggot(s). sg., pl., and obv. AlternatePlural: he'heo'o; Diminutive: he'hso. See: he'e'he; he'hesono. Etymology: *wexkwe:wa maggot.
-h'ehe vai. move from there. nx-h'ehe. He moved from there. he'hso na. maggot. Non-diminutive: he'he.Pl: he'hesono. See: he'e'he; he'hesono. he'hesono na. rice.Literally: little maggots. -he'heve vai. vii. be wormy. See: -mtseveotse; -he'eve. -he'heve. It is wormy (has maggoty). -he'hoht vai. gone so long, stay so long. See: -ha'hoht; -tne'hoht. tst-he'hhtse while he
was gone.
he'ka'eeshotame na. female cat. Usage: archaic. he'ka'kso

na. na. little Obviative: he'ka'kesono ??.
girl.Literally: female-child-DIM.
Pl: he'ka'kesono
??.
he'ka'kne na. girl.Literally: female-child. Pl: he'ka'kneho. Obviative: he'ka'kneho. he'kokhaxa na. hen.Literally: female chicken. he''hame na. female domesticated animal, bitch; mare. esp. cat, dog, horse. See: mohno'ha; he-hme
'her husband'. Usage: There is often some kind of constraint against saying this word, as well as
the corresponding male form, hetan'hame. Both words often evoke laughter, probably indicating some kind of sexual connotations which are inappropriate for public speaking.. Etymology: *e0kwe:'0emwa 'bitch'.Pl: he''hme. Obviative: he''hme; Antonym: hetan'hame.
he'e'he na. unmarried woman; spinster; divorcee.Pl: he''heo'o. See: ma'xhe'e'he; h'e. -he''heeve
vai. divorced woman, separated from husband. -he''heeve. She's separated from her husband. Antonym: -hovaheve.
he''h'e na. unmarried woman; spinster. same as he'e'he. See: ma'xhe'e'he. he'mhaementse ni. squaw corn. Usage: neologism?. he'ma'xh'ne na. turkey hen. Masculine: hetanma'xh'ne. See: ma'xh'ne. -he'mne vai. act as a woman. -he'mne. He's acting as a woman. he'mane
na. deviate; half man-half woman.Literally: woman-pretender. Pl: he'maneo'o. Obviative: he'manho. Usage: not as commonly used as he'mn'e. See: he'mn'e.
he'mn'e na. transvestite; hermaphrodite; homosexual; gay man; woman-pretender (man acting like
a woman); coward. This kind of person was fairly important in the Cheyenne scheme of things, along with the Contraries, Hohnhkao'o. This word is sometimes used by men who teasingly accuse their brothers-in-law of being a he'mn'e. See: he'mane; hetanmn'e.
-he'man'eve vai. be a coward.Literally: woman-pretend-be. -he'man'eve. He's a coward. Antonym: hetaneve.
-he'msoo'e vai. sit as woman with both legs to side.Variant: -he'vsoo'e. -he'msoo'e. She's sitting
as a woman with both of her legs underneath her to the side. See: -he'voo'e.
He'em'hn'e na. Appears Woman. He'mn'e na. Trail Woman. He'mhto na. Woman Leggings. -he'nehe vai. taste that way. -he'nehe. He tastes that way. See: -tshe'nehe; -phvenehe. he'ennesttse ni. nipple.Pl: he'ennstottse. See: he'evone nipple; -nn nurse. He'enstooh'e na. Howling Woman. -he'enestse vai. speak language that way. -he'enestse He speaks that way. tsx-he'enstsvse when
they talked (1987:3). hovtse -he'enstseo'o They speak various languages (1987:115).
hovestse n-he'enstsmne; tothsta nnxh'htsmne; nmheonthvo'evama naa oha nstsema'mne mano'sso We speak different languages; we come from different places; we
all have different skins but our blood is all together the same.
-he'no'e vii. taste that way. -he'no'e. It tastes that way. vai: -he'nehe. -he'enot
vta. spare killing s.o. See: -nhesthnot. hv'n-he'enotsesto. She spared him in killing. (1980:14:35). fta: -not.
-he'eotse vai. vii. spare, leftover, remain. Etymology: cf. M eskiihnen (II). -he'eotse. There is some left ;
it is leftover food. ts-he'eotsee'stse leftovers. See: -knomeotse; -momotoeotse. vti: -he'ht; Antonym: -m'seotse.
-he'es vii. be so long in time. ee ts-he'sotse hestnaho m'hkenheetan'tovhevhe all day long she
would think about her daughter that way (1987:57).
-he'stahe vai. be that tall, however tall. Nstsetotxeoh'tova ts-he'sthvse. He will walk the length
of your body. [VISION.TXT] See: -tshe'stahe.
-he'stneo'e vii. so long, that long. ohketaevnnvo hne ts-he'stneo'e vee'e maato They measure
the length of the front of the tepee (1987:222).
he'- i. while. tsssmo-he'enomse while she was still asleep in the morning. [1987:269] See: nen-;
s'(e)-; he'e-.
he'e-
pv. while, as long as. ts-he'evo'stanhvtse while we live / as long as we live. tshe'emaneve throughout the summer. n-he'homhtahe na'stse e'he. He has been sick one month. Naa nhhe nsahne'enomvhe ts-he'evvse. I don't know how long they camped there like that. (1987:28). Nstsevaamemvemeno ts-he'evo'stanhvse. You will eat us, as long as you are alive. (1987:247). See: he'e-; ha'e-; tne'e-. vai. while sleep. tss'mo-he'enomse while she was still asleep in the morning (1987:269). vai. while going along. stventhvtsstnvse tst-he'eohtsvse They sort of thought it was odd as they were going along. [JOURNEY.TXT] Nsa'vatnenho'htsvho ts-he'etannto I cannot go back to him as long as I live.
-he'enome -he'eohts
-he'etann vai. be alive for so long. See: -ametann. ts-he'etanneto as long as you are alive. -he'tno vai. want a woman. -he'tno. He wants a woman. See: -he-vvetan; -ovhe'tan. he'vn'stse ni. woman sage; female sage. probably fringed sage. See: hetanvn'stse. -he'vsoo'e vai. sit as woman with both legs to the side.Variant: -he'msoo'e. -he'vsoo'e. She's
sitting as a woman.
-he'eve vai. be a woman. -he'eve. She is already a woman. -he'veo'o. They are women. See: h'e;
-kse'ehheve.
-he've'hahe vai. woman's voice. -he've'hahe. He speaks like a woman. -he'vsoo'e

vai. urinate as a woman. -he'vsoo'e She's urinating squatting down as a woman. Medial: -s. Usage: considered somewhat vulgar; a play on words with -he'vsoo'e is considered humorous. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -he'vsoo'e. vai. birthe a daughter. -he'vhne. She gave birth to a daughter. Masculine: hetanvehn.
-he'vehn
he'voehn'e na. daughter. Usage: rare.Literally: female born one. See: -htona. he'vo'eha ni. woman's shoe.Pl: he'vo'hantse. Masculine: he'vo'eha. See: mo'khantse. -he'vo'e'hahe vai. talk like a woman. -he'vo'e'hahe. He talks like a woman. -he'vo'ha'ehtse
vai. walk like a woman. -he'vo'ha'ehtse. He walks like a woman. See: hetanvo'ha'ehn.
He'vo'nehe na. She Wolf. a man's name. See: h'nehe. he'vo'xhthono na. woman's pants. one or more pairs. See: hohtoho. he'evone
ni. nipple.Pl: he'evontse. See: he'ennesttse nipple. Usage: obsolescent. BodyPartMedial: -vonon.
-he'evon
mbp. nipple(s). n-he'evonhtse. She has pain in the nipples. See: he'evone nipple; he'ennesttse nipple; -vonon nipple (med.). -he'vsoo'e; -nenstanee'e; h'e. -he'voo'e She sat as a woman (sits) (that is, with legs folded underneath). Final: -oe. Notes (Phonology) vs
-he'voo'e vai. sit as a woman. -he'vsoo'e is probably more natural than this entry. See: -hetanvoo'e;
-he'voo'e vai. sit as a woman. -he'voo'e. She's sitting as a woman. -he'vsoo'e

vai. sit as a woman. -he'vsoo'e. She's sitting on the floor woman-style. Notes (Phonology) vs This refers to sitting with legs turned to one side. This is probably more natural word than -he'voo'e. See: -he'vsoo'e.
-he'votse'ohe vai. woman's work. -he'votse'ohe. He (or she) is doing woman's work. He'x'e Hesta'he na. His Wounded Eye. Usage: origin of family name Wounded Eye. he'xno obl. on his ear(s). Stem: -'exa. -he'xanoh(n) vta. eye s.o. See: -ne'evvoom; -'xan. -he'xanhnho. He kept his eye(s) on him. -he'haa'e vai. cough; cold - have a. -he'haa'e He has a cold. han-he'haa'e. He ran out of breath
from coughing. hox-he'haa'e. He has a runny nose cold. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -he'hasta; p'he'haa'e; -hesva'xeme.
he'haheseo'tse ni. cough medicine, yarrow. traditional herbal and modern medicine. he'haenoto na. his sputum, his spit, his phlegm. Stem: -'haentse. -he'haeotse vai. get a cold. N-he'haeotse I've gotten a cold. See: -he'haa'e; -he'hasta. -he'hasta vai. cough. -he'hasta. He's coughing. See: -he'haa'e. -he'haee vai. lie coughing. -he'hae. He lay coughing. He'havhne na. Cold. illness; personified. vai: -he'haa'e; fna: -vhan. -he'have'hahe vai. cold voice. -he'have'hahe. He has a (changed) voice from a cold. -he'havomhtahe vai. have a cold. -he'havomhtahe. He has a cold. Usage: possibly neologism.
See: -he'haa'e.
-he-'hamehe vai. have a cross-niece. he-'hamehe He has a cross niece ("niece"). -he-'hamh'tov vta. have s.o. as cross-niece. he-'hamhnoto He has her as cross-niece. [1987:174]
he'hameho na. his/her cross-niece. Stem: -'hame. This person is a man's sister's daughter or a woman's
brother's daughter. She is called "niece" when speaking English in the Cheyenne system. See: hestnhemono his/her niece (or stepdaughter).
-h'hen
vai. wrinkled face. -h'hene. He has a wrinkled face. Notes (Phonology) redupVariant: h'hekn. 2 Blackbird.
he'heno na. 1 blackbird. usually the redwinged ones (PD).Pl: he'heenne. Obviative: he'heenne. He'heno hmo'htvaestse vai. Black Blackbird. He'heno hv'komaestse vai. White Blackbird. He'heenhk'e na. Blackbird Woman. He'heenhkso na. Little Blackbird. -h'heetov'tov vta. play dirty tricks on s.o., rudely treat s.o. -h'heetov'tovho. He played dirty
tricks on him.
-h'heetovm vta. rudely speak to s.o. -h'heetovamo. He's making rude remarks to him. -h'heetovnove vai. be mischievous; be a bother; get in trouble. -h'heetovnove. He is mischievous.
See: -hvsvo'etahe; -m'emo'estman; -haenove; -n'so'emetahe.
-h'heetovnovetan na. He wants to get in trouble, be a roughneck; coarse person; mischief-maker;

rascal. -h'heetovnvtno He wants to be a touble maker.
-h'heetovvahtse -h'hehpom
vai. Medial: -ahtsen.be "mouthy".Literally: bothersome-mouth.
"mouthy",
rude.
-h'heetovvhtse.
He
is
vta. suck on s.o. for example, of a leech or of a person making hickies on s.o. Nh'hhpmo. He sucked on him. See: -h'hv; h'hevom; -nh; -nnom.
he'hem- i. sprinkled; speckled; freckled. -he'hemahe vai. speckled, spotted. -he'hemahe. He is speckled (for example, a horse). Naa nhe'e
tsohtemo'htv-he'hemhese ts'the v'kseho (mx)hsevehevhe. And then the blackspeckled birds were also camped. (1987:316). vii: -he'hem.
-he'hema'ov vai. speckled hide, spotted hide. -he'hema'va. He (esp. a horse) has a spotted hide. -he'heman
vti. vta. sprinkle, or dab, s.t./s.o. (for example, with water or paint). -he'hemna He sprinkled it. -he'hemanho He sprinkled him by hand.
-he'hemn vai. have a freckled face. -he'hemne. He has a freckled face. BodyPartMedial: -n. -he'hemon vai. have speckled rump; be an Appaloosa horse. See: -he'hemov. -he'hemna He
(for example, horse) has a speckled rump/he is an Appaloosa. ts-he'hemntse the Appaloosa (horse).
he'hemonvo'ha na. Appaloosa.Literally: spotted-rump-horse. -he'hem vii. be speckled. ventse xhsemo'htv-he'hemnsesttse The tepees were (also) blackspeckled. (1987:316). vai: -he'hemahe.
-he'hemoo'koh vii. sprinkle (rain). -he'hemoo'kho. It's sprinkling. See: -hoo'koh rain. -he'hemoo'khotse vii. sprinkle all of a sudden. -he'hemoo'khotse. It sprinkled (rained) all of a
sudden.
-he'hemovot vta. sprinkle s.o. with water. -he'hemovotho. He sprinkled him with water. See: he'nkomovot.
-he'hmotht
vti. sprinkle s.t. by mouth. for example, by squirting water out of the mouth. he'hmothta. He blew it out by mouth.
-he'hemov vai. speckled hide. esp. of an Appaloosa horse, but not exclusively so. -he'hemva He
(for example, Appaloosa horse) has a speckled hide. ts-he'hemvtse the Appaloosa/the speckled horse. Medial: -ov.
-h'henom vta. suck (something) out of s.o. -h'henomho. He sucked (it) out of him. for example,
what a medicine man might do. See: -h'hevom; -h'hehpom.
-h'hepoevotht vti. suck on s.t. Hp'e h'the e-h'hepoevothtomeo'o! Hold these in your mouth
(like lozenges) to suck on them!
h'he(k)- i. wrinkled. -h'hekane vai. be wrinkled. -h'hekane He's wrinkled (for example, a shirt). -h'heka'e vai. be wrinkled in texture. -h'heka'e it's wrinkled in texture. -h'hekees' vai. wrinkle nose. -h'kekees'o. He wrinkled his (own) nose. BodyPartMedial: -es. -h'hekhe'on vai. have wrinkled hand(s). -h'hekhe'na He has a wrinkled hand(s). -h'heke'htan' vai. wrinkle forehead. for example, scowl. -h'heke'htan'o. He has a wrinkled
forehead.
-h'hekn vai. wrinkled face. -h'hekne. He has a wrinkled face.Variant: -h'hen. -h'hekeohts vii. vai. be wrinkled. na'ht'e -h'kekehtse My forehead is wrinkled (lit. on my
forehead it is wrinkled).
-h'hek vii. wrinkled. -h'hko. It's wrinkled. -h'hekoest vai. wear a wrinkled dress. -h'hekosta She has on a wrinkled dress. -h'heko'han vai. have wrinkled shoes. -h'heko'hna. He has wrinkled shoes. H'heko'nehe na. Wrinkled Wolf. -h'hvht
vti. suck s.t., squeeze s.t. by mouth. -h'hvhta. He sucked it. Etymology: cf. M so:qsopa:htam.
-h'hevo's'o'h vta. crush s.o. -h'hevo's'o'hho. He crushed him. -h'hevom vta. suck on s.o. for example, a traditional form of doctoring to suck something out of
someone. -h'hevomho. He sucked on him. vai: -h'hvsan. See: h'henom; -h'hehpom; nnom.
-h'hvsan
vai. suck out. for example, when a medicine man sucks pain out of a person. h'hvsne. He's sucking (something) out.
he'k- i. slowly; quietly. He'kotoo'stse! Sit still!/Be quiet! Preverb: he'ke-. he'k- i. prick; pierce; stick. -he'khnho. He pricked him by tool. See: -hek; -ane'k. -he'kh'en vai. cook until tender.Literally: soft-cook. can be said, for instance, of cooking beans. Nhe'kh'ne. She's cooking (something) until it's tender. vta: -he'kho'h(n); fai: -ah'en. See: he'kho'h.
he'kh'eo'o vai. stew. Usage: od. See: hohpe. -he'kho'he vai. cooked tender. -he'kho'he. He's cooked tender. for instance, of a duck being cooked. He'kamovshe na. High Hair. refers to hair being tied up high on the head. See: he'ma. -he'kan vti. soften s.t. ts'ht-he'kano he'ke khamaxe where he softened the dirt with the stick
(1987:247). vta. soften s.o.
-he'kas vai. have a soft belly. -he'kse. He has a soft belly. He'kse na. Soft Belly. -he'ksh(n) vta. stick s.o. in the belly. He'kshnhne mxhsesthom'heestse! Stick him in the
belly when he dances in again! [1980:67:9]
-he'ksome vai. soft stool. -he'ksome. He had a soft stool. Antonym: -he'konsome; fai: -asme. he'k(e)- i. soft. -he'ke vii. tender, soft, fragile, weak. can refer to tender meat. -he'ke. It's tender. Antonym: -he'kon.
See: -ta'pahe.
he'ke-
pv. softly, lightly, slowly, easily, quietly. He'keameoestse! Slow down! He'ke-estsstoveha! Speak quietly to him! -he'kenmne. He sang softly. -he'keamvnhtse. He has soft/quiet
footsteps.
-he'keamhomo'he. She danced gracefully and slowly. Mstxaehe'keaseotshaehevovhe nhhe. (The soldiers; obv.) easily took them over there. (1987:51).
-he'ka'e vii. feel soft (in texture). -he'ka'e. It feels soft (in texture). -he'keameohe vai. slowly go, drive slowly. -he'keameohe. He's going slowly. He'keameoestse! Slow
down!
-he'keamvone vii. be a soft sound. -he'keamvone. It makes a soft sound. -he'keame'e vai. stand still. -he'keame'e. He's standing still. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -. -he'kata vai. soft in texture; soft to the touch. -he'kata. It's soft to the touch. See: -he'kovveata. -he'keh
vii. stuck. can be of an axe stuck in wood or a car stuck in mud. -he'kha hohkxe khamxhva. The axe is stuck in the firewood. [PD79] vai: -he'kee.
-he'khahts vti. stab s.t. -he'khhtse. He stabbed it (for example, stabbed the ground with a knife). -he'khe'on vai. have soft hand(s). for example, hands that easily bruise. -he'khe'na. He has soft
hands. BodyPartMedial: -he'on.
-he'khe'onxe vai. have thorns in the hand, puncture hand falling. N-he'khe'onxe. I have thorns in
my hand / I punctured my hand when I fell. BodyPartMedial: -he'on. See: -seen'the'onxe; thpeose.
-he'kho'h vti. cook s.t. until tender. -he'kh'ha ho'vohktse. She cooked the meat until it was
tender. See: -he'ke. vii: -he'kho't.
-he'kho'h(n)
vta. cook s.o. tender. N-he'kho'noo'o. I'm cooking them until they are tender (for example, beans). vai: -he'kh'en.
-he'kho'ost vii. hang low. See: -ha'ho'ost. -he'kho'osta. It is hanging low. -he'kho't vii. tender cooked. -he'kh'ta. It is cooked tender.Literally: soft-by.heat. vti: -he'kho'h. He'k'hame na. Little Mare. diminutive. See: he''hame. he'knme ni. soft thigh piece (of meat), tenderloin. -he'keeh vta. stick s.o. into (s.t.) standing him up. See: -he'koh. ts't=hekvetsmeeno nme'tathe'keehoo'o I will stick these (porcupine) quills in the ground. (1987:311). vai: -he'ke'e; Final: -e.
He'keo'vhne na. Softly Walks Away. -he'keome vai. be fat.Literally: soft-belly. -he'keome. He is fat. See: -eeome; -he'kas; -heome. -he'kemn vai. fat face. -he'kemne. He has a fat face.Variant: -he'kemvn. -he'kemvn
vai. fat face. -he'kemvne. He has a fat face. BodyPartMedial: -n.Variant: he'kemn.
-he'ke'e vii. vai. stand stuck. -he'ke'e. It is standing there stuck in the ground. [pd1023] -he'ke'e.
He is standing stuck. [PD79] Notes (Phonology) vs See: -he'kee.
-he'kstahe
vai. defensive. Mnosee-he'ksthme. You (pl) are quickly defensive. Synonym: tot'kovahe.Literally: soft-hearted. v-he'ke. He got stuck again (can refer to being reconciled to his wife). vii: -he'keh. See: t'hovo'ee; -t'he'e.
-he'kee vai. stuck. esp. of someone with a car stuck in mud or in a ditch. -he'ke. He got stuck.
-he'keta vai. weak. -he'keta. He is weak. See: -ta'pahe; -he'ke; -ho'toveotse. Antonym: -he'konahe. -he'ketan vai. have things easy, easy. -he'ketno Things are so easy for him. Synonym: -he'anvetan. he'ko ni. bone, leg. See: -htse'ko. Nstsev'e-'na he'ko hotm'e. Don't break a bone indoors (esp. to
get marrow out). (If you do you might break your leg.). Etymology: *we0kani.Pl: he'kontse.
-he'koh vti. stick s.t. with a tool; prick s.t. with a tool. for example, with a needle or awl. -he'kha
He stuck it with a tool/he pricked it by tool. Nx-he'koohtse Stick it! vta: -he'koh(n).
-he'kohe vta. get a shot. -he'kohe. He got a shot. N-he'khne. I got a shot. vta: -he'koh(n).
-he'koh(n)
vta. stick into s.o., prick s.o., butt s.o. -he'khnho. He pricked him. Ksne ohkhe'khnovo vo'stanho. Goats butt people. [1979:205] statems-he'khnsesto nhe hohtseto sevone. The buffalo dug its horns into that tree. [1987:308] vai: -he'khov.
-he'khov vai. stab, puncture, give shots. -he'khva. He stabbed. vta: -he'kh(n). -he'khovos vai. fart quietly. See: -pnestse. -he'khovse He farted silently. -he'kma'hen vai. soften the ground. See: -mhnhen; -manen. -he'kma'hne He's softening
up the ground by digging. See: -mnhen.
-he'kma'o'e vii. be soft; muddy ground. -he'kma'o'e It is muddy (soft) ground. [1987:248] he'kon- i. hard; Preverb: he'kone-. -he'konahe
vai. 1 hard, healthy. -he'konahe. He is hard. naa oha tnesto tshetaa'he'konhtse htshhe nho'manstsnne but however many of us who were healthy, we made it back here.
[1987:37:31]
2 fig., be stubborn. Esp. the quality of being hard to please, or having a mind that is made up,
and hard for anyone else to change it. By semantic extension can refer to being tough (or, perhaps, healthy). At least some speakers say this does not mean 'strong', for which he'koneotse is used. But note that in text 1987:302 this stem was translated by 'strong'. See the expression about a rock that has been used of people who are -he'konahe, hard (stubborn; unchanging in ideas or opinions). Taovehnhtsstova t'the ho'hon'e naa mhv'eom'otsstse nhe'e tamnhnhtsstovoo'o. First go ask that rock (esp. the Chief Two Moons memorial rock monument in Busby), and if you can make it move, then go ask him (that is, it would be easier to make the monument move than this person). Antonym: -ta'pahe; Synonym: -tvahe.
-he'konho'he vai. cooked hard. Burnt hard from too much cooking or not cooked enough to be tender
yet. -he'konho'he. He's burnt hard. s'-he'konho'heo'o mshstoto. The potatoes are still hard (while cooking). fai: -aho'he.
-he'konam mbp. bone; foot. See: -haht. -he'konams

vai. strong hands. -he'konamse. henams lefthanded.
He has strong hands. Medial: -os. See: -
-he'konsome vai. hard stool. -he'konsome. He had a hard stool. Antonym: -he'ksome; fai: -asme. he'konepv. hard, securely, strongly. -he'koneonhta. He's very deaf. (possible loan transl. from English "hard of hearing"). emhe-he'koneonhta. He's already very deaf. Nstshe'konevstomo. You will stick with (stay married to) her. (VISION.TXT). See: he-; ma'xe-. Initial: he'kon-; Antonym: tve-.
he'koneame ni. cheese.Variant: he'koneamke. he'koneamke ni. cheese.Literally: hard-lard. Variant: he'koneame. -he'konenoo'e vii. snow lie hard on the ground. -he'konenoo'e snow is lying hard on the ground.
Notes (Phonology) not vs See: -hahpe'enoo'e.
-he'koneestan
vta. tighten s.t. -he'koneestna He tightened it/he made it hard by hand. he'koneestanho He tightened him/he made him hard by hand.
-he'koneestoh vti. tighten by tool. -he'koneestha He tightened it by tool. -he'konhahtvose vai. have frozen feet. -he'konhahtvose He has frozen feet. -he'konhe'on' vai. raise arm. -he'konhe'on'o He raised his (own) arm(s) (for example, with
clenched 'power' fist).
he'konhe'one ni. bone awl. See: he'one. he'konhhtsme na. hardball. Usage: loan transl., but probably has been used. -he'konhos vai. hard penis. -he'konhse. He has a hard penis. -he'konhose vai. lie with hard penis, sleep with an erection. -he'konhose. He's lying (there)
with a hard penis.
he'kone'emsvo'ota ni. hairbone type breastplate. See: ho'ota.
he'kone'emsono na. macaroni. See: -'eme.Literally: hard-snots. He'konemhove'ho'no ni. Hardin, Montana. Usage: partial loan translation from the 'hard' segment
of the Enlish word 'Hardin".Literally: hard-town.
he'konema'kaata ni. steel.Literally: hard-metal. -he'konemaneh

vta. make s.o. tough. N-he'konemaneha. He made me tough. Usage: probably a neologism based on a literal use of English 'make', but appears to be commonly understood. See: -he'koneots'seh; -he'konahe.
-he'konemohe vai. strain. for example, a woman in labor, someone pulling a heavy object, someone
pushing something very heavy, straining to defecate when constipated. -he'konemohe He strained.
-he'konems vai. strong hand, strong arm. -he'konemse. He has strong hands. BodyPartMedial: -s;
Antonym: -ho'tovems.
He'konenee'he Hard Face Moon, November. which current month this term referred to is uncertain;
might be January. pronunciation He'konee'he (hard-moon) may be in error.
See: Ma'xhe'konenee'he ??.Variant: He'konenhe ??.
He'konnhes-ee'he
Little Hard Face Moon; February. possible alternative month name.
See: Ma'xhohts-ee'he; Tke'hohts-ee'he.
-he'konnome vai. sleep soundly. -he'konnome. He's sleeping soundly. See: -henome. -he'konenno'e vii. look hard. -he'konenno'e. It looks hard. fii: -nno'e. -he'kone'e vai. stand erect, stand firm. -he'kone'e. He stood erect. (state of standing, not the
process). Notes (Phonology) vs vii. stay firm, stand firm, be firm. for instance, of a fence post that stays firm. -he'koneetse. His (obv. inan. possessed thing, i.e. penis) is standing erect/he has an erection. Final: -.
-he'koneotse vai. vii. be strong; become hard. See: -he'konahe. Antonym: -ta'pahe. -he'koneotse He is
strong (or, it became hard). [1987:241]
-he'koneots'seh
vta. strengthen s.o. See: -he'konemaneh; -hestha'ov. he'koneots'seha God strengthens me.Literally: cause s.o. to become strong.
ma'heo'o
nohk-
-he'konsth vai. strong willed. -he'konstha. He's strong willed (for example, he won't even cry at
his mother's funeral). BodyPartMedial: -sth.
-he'konetanhotse vai. have breasts firm and filled with milk. -he'konetanhotse. Her breats are
firm and filled with milk. BodyPartMedial: -tanah.
-he'konetan
vai. strong (in emotions). See: -hhnovetan; -hesth. -he'konetno. He's strong (emotionally). Nohkev'-he'konetno It gives me confidence (1987:198). He'konetnhtse! Be strong! (This is sometimes said to a mourner, to encourage him to hide his emotions.). Nons-he'konetno I'm trying to be strong (mentally and emotionally).
-he'konvstsea'e vai. have (just) a skull. otaxa xxaet-he'konvstsasstse (with his scalped head)
he was just like a skull (1987:289). See: mta'eko; mta'xe.
-he'kon vii. hard; tough. for example, of meat. -he'kno. It is hard. Antonym: -he'ke. See: -mata'k. -he'konostomo'he vai. hard personality, stubborn, rigid. for example, be hard to get along with; be
hard to get anything through to. See: -he'konahe; -tvahe. -he'konostomo'he. He is a rigid person.Literally: hard-personality.
-he'konhos'e vai. have an erection. lit., hard-penis-stand. -he'konhos'e. He has an erection.

Notes (Phonology) vs BodyPartMedial: -hos; fai: -; Antonym: -kvhos'e. See: -he'kone'e; 'xhos'e.
-he'konoht
vii. frozen.Literally: hard-from.cold. -he'konhta. It is frozen. vai: -he'konose; vti: he'konohts; Final: -ohta. vta. cinch up s.o. tight. See: -hhthtet. Antonym: -ho'tonvhtet. he'konhteeha Cinch him (esp. horse) up tight!
-he'konhtet
he'konhteto'hamesttse ni. cinch.
he'konhtve'ho's'o ni. freezer. See: ton's'o. he'konhtvo'seo'o ni. freezer. -he'konohts vti. freeze s.t. -he'konhtse. He froze it. vai: -he'konose; vii: -he'konoht; Final: -ohta. he'kon'stse ni. buffalo grass.Literally: hard-grasses. -he'kon'o'e -he'kono't
vii. tough growth. for example, tough grass, rough bushes. Notes (Phonology) iah he'kon'o'e. It's tough growth. vii. be stable; stand strong; set firm. Antonym: -e'ke'ko't. Nnheetno naventse tshe'kon'ta I desire (that) my home will be stable. [VISION.TXT] vai: -he'konoo'e. vta. tighten s.o. -he'kon'tovanho. He tightened him. 2 vta. overly strict with s.o., legalistic with s.o. Usage: fig.. -he'kon'tovanahtse. He's tightening himself (=he is legalistic; overly strict). See: -vovhponahe.
-he'kon'tovan vti. 1 vti. tighten s.t. -he'kon'tovna. He tightened it.
-he'kono'ts vti. set s.t. firm. -he'kon'tse. He set it up strong. He'konma'htse na. Hard Ground. See: vhpoma'htse. -he'konma'o'e vii. be hard ground. -he'konma'o'e It's hard/solid ground. -he'konnean vti. 1 vti. tighten s.t./s.o. rope-like. -he'konnna ma'kaata. He made the fence tight.
2 vta. strict with s.o., tight with s.o. Usage: fig.. -he'konneanho. He was strict with him. taom-he'konneanahtse. He has gotten himself into a bind. See: -vovhponahe. Medial: -n.
he'konnean'o ni. wire stretcher; rope stretcher.Pl: he'konneaneontse. -he'konneehe vai. stiff ropelike. -he'konneehe. He (ropelike) is stiff. Medial: -n. -he'konoo'e vai. 1 sit firm. can be used of someone in a rodeo who stays on a bronco for a good
amount of time. Ma'heo'o -he'konoo'e. God sits firmly. Notes (Phonology) vs Final: -oo'e (/-oe/); vii: -he'ono't. See: -he'kotoo'e; -stoo'e; -amnoo'e. 2 fig., remain separated from spouse. Ns'-he'konoo'e I'm still sitting firm (esp. idiomatic = still separated from spouse).
-he'konose vai. freeze.Literally: hard-by.cold. -he'konose. He froze. Mst-he'konshevhe. They froze.

(1987:30). Final: -ose; vii: -he'konohta. See: -hne'hose.
He'konovshe na. Hard Hair. -he'koma'ov vta. 1 wet s.o. esp. with your feet or bod.
2 chasten s.o. Usage: fig.. -he'koma'ovho. He chastened him. Synonym: -v'hot.
-he'kome'sev
vii. water flow quietly. he'kotomoeh.
-he'kome'sev
It's running quietly.
[Croft]
See: -
he'kov- i. wet. -he'kov vii. vai. wet. can be of a baby with a wet diaper. -he'kva. It (or He) is wet. Final: -ov.
See: -hov; -mhov.
-he'kovhotse vai. have a wet vagina. -he'kovhotse Her vagina is wet (that is, she is ready for
intercourse). See: -ahotse; -'komeotse; -hes'xeotse; -mhov.
-he'kovahe vai. wet. -he'kovahe. He is wet. See: -he'kov. -he'kovhtsen'o'h vta. wet mouth of s.o. He'kovhtsen'o'hahtsstse! Moisten your mouth! -he'kova'o'ts vti. rinse s.t., get s.t. wet. -he'kova''tse. He rinsed it. See: -ne'han. -he'kova'ov vta. water s.o. by feet. that is, using your feet to push water onto s.o. -he'kova'ovho.
He got him wet with his feet. See: -he'kovot; -manoh.
-he'kovan vti. vta. moisten s.t./s.o., get s.t./s.o. wet. -he'kovanho. He moistened him. he'kove- pv. wet. ohk-he'kovhostse. He soaks it. for example, to soak a barrel, to swell its wood.
See: -hosts.
-he'kovhaht vai. have wet feet. -he'kovhhta He has wet feet.
-he'kovhe'on vai. have wet hand(s). -he'kovhe'na He has wet hand(s). -he'kovhosts vti. soak s.t. -he'kovhostse. He soaked it. See: -hosts. -he'kvn vai. wet face. -he'kvne. He has a wet face. He'kvnhe na. Wet Face. Contracted: Kvnhe. -he'kovne'o' vii. grass be wet. for example, from dew or frost. -he'kovne''e. There is dew on
the ground/the grass is wet.
-he'kovenohe vai. look wet. -he'kovenohe. He looks wet. fai: -nohe. -he'kovsts'e vai. have wet hair. -he'kovsts'e He has wet hair. -he'kovee vai. lie wet. -he'kove. He's lying wet. -he'kovohts
vti. water s.t., wet s.t. -he'kvhtse. He watered it. Nnphv-he'kvhtse tsmhaehostmo. I (cried) wetting (accidentally) what I was reading. vta: -he'kovot.
-he'kovo'khan vai. wear wet shoes. -he'kovo'khna He is wearing wet shoes. -he'kovma'ee vai. lie in dampness, sleep in a damp place. -he'kovma'e. He's lying in a damp
place.
-he'kovma'oh vti. water s.t. (ground). Th-he'kovma'stse! Go water it (for example, a plant)!
See: -he'kovohts.
-he'kovma'o'e vii. be wet ground. -he'kovma'o'e It is wet ground. -he'kovma'ovsan vai. water grass. -he'kovma'vsne. He watered the grass. -he'kovne'o'e vii. wet place, wet garden. -he'kovne'o'e. It's a wet garden. -he'kovot vta. water s.o. -he'kovotho. He watered him (for example, a tree). vti: -he'kovohts.
See: -he'kova'ov; -manoh.
-he'kovotht vti. lick; wet; moisten s.t. by mouth. See: -n'ht. -he'kovothta He moistened it. -he'kovotom vta. lick; wet; moisten s.o. by mouth. N-he'kovotmo I moistened him (for example,
to pull it through the eye of a needle). Medial: -om.
-he'kse'eme vai. lulu. a warble performed by women, for example, at a victory dance or when a
young man is going to war. -he'kse'eme. She "lulu-ed". Assimilated: -he'ke'eme. See: non'. Final: -'eme.
-he'ke'eme
vai. lulu. -he'ke'eme. She lulued. Non-assimilated: -he'kse'eme. See: -non'. Final: -'eme.
he'kot- i. quiet. See: ovna'xae-. -he'kotahe vai. be quiet. See: -ehnovahe. -he'kotahe He is quiet. he'kothesttse ni. peace; quietness. See: nanvhtsesttse. -he'kotahtse
vai. shut mouth, shut up. sounds harsh as a Cheyenne command, in contrast with "He'kotoo'stse!". He'kothtsstse! Shut up! See: -he'kotoo'e. torn. See: -hoxeotse; -o'xeotse.
-he'kotxeotse vai. vii. become torn. esp. of something old or rotten, like cloth. -he'kotxeotse. He is -he'kotoeotse
vai. quiet quickly; sit still quickly. v-he'kotootse! Be quiet again quickly! See: he'kotoo'e; -he'konoo'e; -he'kotahtse.
-he'kothov vta. motion s.o. to be quiet. -he'kothovho. He motioned to him to be quiet. -he'kot'an vai. say quietly. -he'kot'anstove. It's a silent sound (for example, a whispered vowel in
Cheyenne). See: -mooht'an.
-he'kotom vai. quiet. -he'kotma. He is is quiet. He'kotomtse! Be quiet! See: -he'kotoo'e. -he'kotomotse vai. quiet down; get quiet. -he'kotomotse. He quieted down. -he'kotomt vii. quiet. for example, the village of Birney. Antonym: -pe'pe'vone. -he'kotomto. It is
quiet.
-he'kotomvo'o'e vii. quiet growth. can be said when trees or bushes are not making noise for lack of
wind. -he'kotomvo'o'e. The growth is quiet.
-he'kotnoo'e
vai. sit quietly, quietly sit. Nxaehe'k-he'kotnoo'e You're just sitting quietly. Notes (Phonology) vs
-he'kotoo'e vai. quiet, sit still. -he'kotoo'e. He is still/he is quiet. He'kotoo'stse! Be quiet! He'kotoo'e!
Be quiet! (said to more than one person). Notes (Phonology) vs See: -he'konoo'e; -he'kotahtse; he'kotse'e.
-he'kotomeotse vii. water become calm. nhe'e ta'mhove'e st-he'kotomeotsnse Then finally
the water calmed down. [JOURNEY.TXT]
-he'kotomoeh
vii. be calm water. -he'kotomoha. The water is calm. See: -he'kotomeotse; he'kome'sev. vii. water quiet. -he'kotomeotse. It (water) became quiet. for example, after horses crossed the water and the water calmed down.
-he'kotomeotse
-he'kotxeotse vii. vai. rot, become rotten. -he'kotxeotse. It became rotten. See: -hoxeotse; hoxeo'o. he'kotse- pv. quietly. See: -momxahe. he'kotse-vo'stanheve. He lives quietly. [1987:62] -he'kotse'e vai. stand still. Nstsev'momhta'xe, he'kotseeo'o! Don't move about, stand still! Notes
(Phonology) vs See: -he'kotoo'e.
-he'kov vta. stick s.o. (esp. of an insect). -he'kovho He stuck him (for example, sticking of an insect). -he'kov vai. Medial: -ov.have soft fur. -he'kva He has soft fur. -he'kovveata vai. be soft in texture; soft to the touch. for example, the feel of a flannel shirt. he'kovveata. It's soft to the touch. See: -he'kata.
he'kovhoseontse ni. cereal. Usage: od. he'n- i. pv. spread out distribute. -he'nna. He separated it by hand. t-he'neestseo'o. They speak
spread out. Etymology: cf. M saeqsipesow.
-he'nh vti. spread out s.t. by tool. -he'nha. He separated it by tool/he spread it out by tool. See: momsoh.
-he-'nehe vai. have an older brother. he-'nehe He has an older brother. tshe-'nhto the one who is my
older brother.
-he-'nh'tov vta. have s.o. as older brother. Nhe-'nhe'tova. I am his older brother. Nhe-'nhentse.
He is my older brother. he-'nhenoto. He/she has him as older brother.
he'neho na. his older brother. Stem: -'neh. -he'n'ham vta. scatter throw s.o., spread throw s.o. N-he'n'hamoo'o. I threw them (for example,
rocks) up (and they scattered in the throwing).
he'n'has'o ni. spreader.Literally: scatter-thing. -he'nen vti. spread s.t. -he'nna He spread it by hand/he separated it by hand.
vta. spread s.o. -he'nenho He spread him by hand/he separated him by hand.
-he'nohov
vai. scatter and flee. -he'nohovao'o. They scattered and fled. Naa ts'the matanv'h'e stama'x-he'nohovsesto. And those policemen really scattered (Stamper 1991:10). [1987:60] Final: -ohov.
-he'nohts vai. disperse; scatter. -he'nhtse. He spread out. Mx-he'nohtshevhe mstaeo'o. The
boogeymen all scattered. [JOURNEY.TXT]
-he'no'hotse vai. scatter running. -he'no'hotseo'o They scattered running. -he'nomeh vii. splash (of a liquid). See: -he'nvooma'. -he'nomha It splashed. -he'novo'hotse vai. scatter running. -he'novo'hotse. He scattered running. [Head Chief text] He'nk'e na. Grave Woman. transl. uncertain. -he'nkoman vti. vta. sprinkle s.t./s.o. -he'nkomanho He sprinkled him. [PD997]
-he'nkomovot vta. sprinkle s.o. with water. -he'nkomovotho. He sprinkled him with water.
See: he'hemovot-.
he'ntoo'o ni. 1 door; gate. See: -me'ta'oman; nehp-; -sto'eohts. Oblique: he'ntne.Pl: he'ntoontse.
2 Door. Usage: said to be origin of family name Dahle by mispronunciation of the English.
he'ntne obl. at the door. IndepNoun: he'ntoo'o. -he'nva'ham vta. scatter throw s.o. N-he'nva'hamoo'o I threw them (for example, rocks) here and
there.
-he'nva' vai. scatter. because of some force. -he'nva'oo'o. They scattered. (by some force). -he'nva'ov vta. scatter s.o. -he'nva'ovho He scattered him/them. See: -non'kem. he'nveneenhe na. apostle. Usage: missionary neologism. vai: -he'nveneenh(n).Literally: spread.outordered-one.
-he'nveneenh(n) vai. send s.o. spread out.Literally: spread.out-ordered-one. -he'nveneenahno. He

sent them spread out.
-he'nveohovoohe vai. scatter fleeing. -he'nveohovooheo'o. They are scattering as they flee. -he'nvose vai. scatter hanging. -he'nvosne. They are scattering while hanging (floating) in the air.
vii: -he'nvost. See: -hose1 hang.
-he'nvost vii. scatter hanging. -he'nvostnstse. They (for example, bubbles) are scattering in the
air. vai: -he'nvose. See: -host2 hang.
-he'nvo'hotse vai. scatter while running; run away. -he'nvo'hotse. He ran away/he scatteredran.
-he'nvo'ee vai. lie scattered. -he'nvo'ne. They lie scattered. [PD653] -he'nvoo'xev
vai. deliver a message; scatter a message. -he'nvoo'xva. He made a public announcement. See: -ho'xev.
-he'nvooma' vii. ripples spread in concentric water rings. i.e. when an object is dropped in the water
and the ripples spread out from that point. -he'nvoom'o It is rippling outward. See: he'nomeh.
-he'nvotse'ohe vai. work spread out. -he'nvotse'heo'o. They worked spread out. -h'' vai. bleed. -h''o He's bleeding. See: -hvoeotse; -ma'veotse; -'; -mom'aeve. -he'ohe vta. how sewed. ts-he'ohe how it is sewed. See: -he't; -hahpent. he'ohko
na. 1 pipe. particularly an Indian pipe.Variant: he'oo'o. Pl: he'hkono. Obviative: he'hkono; Possessive: -htse'ohko. Etymology: *wexpwa:kana; *o'pwaakana (Pi). 2 Pipe.
H'hma'aestse vai. Red Woman. Usage: woman's name. He'hma'evonstse na. Woman Red Painted Face. a man's name. H'hma'heo'o na. Medicine Woman. See: Heseot'e; M'hen'e. H'hn'stse vai. Standing Woman. H'hnmnstse vai. Singing Woman. See: Nmen'hhe. H'hnstooestse na. Howling Woman. H'hnstooh'e na. Howling Woman. -he'ht
vti. leave s.t. as leftover food. -he'hta. He left it as leftover food. N'seoh'thtse tshe'htomtse mshesttse! Bring in the food that we had left over! (Stamper 1991:4). vii: he'eotse; vai: -he'san.
-he'ohts vai. go that way; come that way. See: -ho'ohts. naa oxsta oha hne'amhe'htssesto but still
they just kept on coming (1987:37:23). naa mhnxhne'enhenovhe tshne'hkevhe'htsnovetse They knew the way to go. nhhe hstanovesttse tsmhaa'v-he'htsto life, the way it was going then (1987:96).
-h'ohts vai. come from there. -h'htse Mave'ho'eno. He came from Lame Deer. Tsa'e nnxh'htse? Where did you come from? Tsa'e mx-h'htshhe nhe v'ho'e. That whiteman came from somewhere. (1987:185). ts'evev-h'htsse naa'mhene after he came back from the hospital (1987:44). See: -h'oohe; -tshe'ohts; -nhe'ohts; -hstahe; -ho'ohts; h'ohts.
-he'htsh
vta. cause s.o. to go that way; lead s.o. that way. ma'heo'o tsheevsthmatse, tshe'htshatse how God has helped us, how he leads us (1987:199).
-he'on mbp. hand(s); arm(s). ne'-he'na. He washed his hands. -nhe'onhtse. He has pain in
the hands. -heshe'onotse. He has cramps in his hands. -toehe'na. He has cold hands. Hestsnva s-he'on'o. She puts her hand in her mouth. See: -'ahtse.
-he'on' vai. do something with hand. hestsnva s-he'on'o She puts her hand in her mouth (also,
fig. she has a motor mouth, is extremely talkative; idiomatic sense from picture of something getting stuck in your mouth and you just keep on talking). BodyPartMedial: -he'on.
he'ne
ni. awl. part of Sun See: he'konhe'one.Pl: he'ontse.
Dance
equipment.
Etymology:
cf.
ohka:naeh.
-h'oneohtsnohts vai. dribble (of food or liquid out of the mouth). this verb seems to refer to food
or water going far enough out of the mouth to drip off one's chin, whereas -ho'sahtsen seems to be about drooling just around the mouth area; speakers do seem to feel these verbs are quite close in meaning. -h'oneohtsnhtse He's dribbling (food or water out of his mouth). See: ho'sahtsen.
-he'oohe -h'oohe
vai. run that way; so go. t't=ts-he'oohvse hovhne while the animals were running (1987:246). vai. come from there. Tsa'e nnx-h'oohe? Where did you come from? Tsa'e mxh'oohehhe. He came from somewhere. See: -h'ohts.
-h'oohts vii. drip. -h'htse. It's dripping. tsevon-h'htse It (for example, water faucet) will drip
all night. See: -se''e; -h'ohts.
he'oo'o
na. pipe. Usage: This pronunciation is less commonly used than he'ohko..Variant: he'ohko. Pl: he'ono. Obviative: he'ono.
He'on'e na. Pipe Woman; Pipestem Woman. See: he'ohko; he'oo'o; Hestxe'on'e. he'onma'no na. snapping turtle. He'onv'e na. Pipestem Woman; Pipe Woman. See: he'ohko; he'oo'o; Hestxe'on'e. -he'ovohts vti. wet s.t. -he'ovhtse. He wet it. -he'sne vai. leave food uneaten. -he'sne. He left some of his food uneaten. See: -he'eotse. vti: he'ht.
he'sanesttse ni. leftover. See: -he'eotse. -he't

vta. how sew s.o. N-he'to. I sewed him (for example, a blanket) like that. See: -he'ohe; hahpent.
he'tse ni. neck. See: -notov.Pl: he'otottse. See: hestse'otse'ko. Etymology: *we0kwayawi his neck (??). he'otse'ko ni. neck bone. meat on it is eaten. See: hestse'otse'ko. -he'pa'on mbp. back, spine. See: -'pa'o; hestxem'ne. N-n-he'pa'onhtse I have pain in my
back.
he'pa'ne p. obl. on s.o.'s back; behind. See: -'pa'o; hestxem'ne. Naa nhe v'kshso m'hkeahtse'tho'knoeotshenothe hotoa'o he'pa'ne. And that little bird (sparrow) would sit on the
buffalo's back. (1987:245).
he'pa'onome p. in back of the dwelling; behind the house.Literally: back-lodge. Medial: -'pa'o. he'pa'onom'e p. in back of the dwelling; behind the house. hetane hepa'onom'e n'e The man
is standing behind (for example, the tepee). (Croft). [1987:222]
he'pe ni. rib. See: -e'p; he'po. Etymology: *wexpilayi 'his rib'.Pl: h'pstse. He'p'e na. Rib Woman.
He'p'hhe na. Rib Woman. he'p'hemono na. bible (edible stomach portion); manifolds. See: hexhkmhne. Singular: he'p'heme.
usually used in pl.; this is the part of intestines which, after boiling, looks like pages of a book.
He'pso na. Little Rib. h'pstse ni. ribs. Singular: he'pe. he'po ni. lung.Pl: he'pontse. Etymology: *o'panali (Pi). -he'p vai. smoke. activity of a person. -h'po. He smoked. Oekso mxhxasto neventse he'poo'o!
When a dog urinates against your tent just smoke! (instruction to a new chief, meaning "When someone does something bad to you, even as bad as stealing your wife, stay calm."). Mhe'phevhe. They must be smoking (modern use of this verb often connotes smoking marijuana). See: -he'ptan want to smoke; he'po lung. Etymology: *wexpwe:wa.
he'pohttse
na. cigarette.Literally: smoke-NOM. he'p smoke; he'po lung.
Pl: he'phtoto.
Obviative: he'phtoto.
See: -
He'p'hhe na. Smoking Woman. See: Amotsh'e. -he'p'seh vta. give s.o. a smoke; cause s.o. to smoke. -he'p'shho. He gave him a smoke. Nxhe'p'estse! Give me a smoke!/Give me a cigarette! He'p'eha! Give him a smoke!
-he'p'tov vta. smoke s.o. refers to the animate thing smoked, esp. a pipe. -he'pnoto he'hkono. He
smoked a pipe.
-he'pma'h vii. smell of cigarettes. -he'pm'ha. It smells of cigarettes. -he'pmea'xe

ma'xe. vai. smell of (tobacco) smoke. -he'pmea'xe. He smells of (tobacco) smoke. fai: -
he'pontse ni. lungs. Singular: he'po. -he'poo'e

vai. sit smoking. 'hkev-he'poo'e. He would sit and smoke. (Phonology) vs
[1987:220]
Final: -oe. Notes
-he'pe vai. smoke lying down. -he'pe. He's smoking lying down. -he'ptan vai. want to smoke. -he'ptno. He wants to smoke. -he's'xenno'e vii. look slippery, slippery look. -he's'xenno'e. It looks slippery. fii: -nno'e. -he'e vai. screwed. said of a woman, not a man. -he'e. She is getting screwed. See: -he'tan in
heat; -hestse'eme have sex.
he'e- pv. when, during, while, since, of such time. a relative preverb. ts-he'enaotsto while I was
sleeping. ts-he'enano'stove during planting. ts-he's'phve'xove while there is still time. eahtse'to'sho'nhe'xveotse tsto's-he'easeohtsse. It's almost time for you (pl) to leave again. Nsahne'enhe tsto's-he'eanotsse. I don't know when she's going to deliver. tanhestheanoo'e tsx-he'hsthto. It has been that many years since I was born. Ts-he'saho'oo'khhane nhtho'htse. before it rains I'll go home. 'vsho'soo'stse hne nsahne'enomvhe naa mto tsx-he'enanvse ntxv'h'e. Whether she also danced, that I don't know, and also (I don't know) when they were released by the soldiers. (1987:28). See: he'e-; nhe'e; tshe'e; -ha'e; -nen; vone'e-.
he'eonhne ni. brisket fat. fatty piece of meat on the sternum; eaten raw. -he'tan vai. be in heat. can be said of a woman who wants to copulate. -he'tno. She is in heat.
[Smith glosses the full verb as 'she is in heat.']
See: -he'e; -he-hamtan; -hetantan; -hmoto'ham; -
nho'he.
h'the pro. this, these. See: h'the; ts'the. typically cliticizes to a following noun: h't=mh'o this
house.
he'xv- i. such degree, such amount. -he'xvahe vai. be of such amount. -he'xvahe. He is of that amount. ts-he'xovaese nsanhe'xovahe
I am not equal to him (to the degree that he is I do not come to that degree). n-he'xvahe. That's the way he is. See: -hesta.
-he'xvho'he vai. so hot, that hot. -he'xvho'he. He is that hot. to'shne'en'e ts-he'xvho'hse.
He is going to take his temperature (lit. he is going to learn how hot he is).
-he'xvaneta
vai. such weight. Hovstse -he'xvanetao'o. They are of various weights. See: het'stneehe.
-he'xvatam vta. value s.o. to such degree. -he'xvatamho. That's the amount he valued him. he'xvepv. at such time, to the degree of. ts-he'xvexvo while it is warm. Nhko'ehe nhehpemhota ts(ox)-he'xvemht'stse nho'ehe my mother loves me more than my father does. ts-he'xve=ta'xe=to'semhestomevse m'hthsemtshenovhe mshestse They
would be given some more food whenever they thought they were running low (1987:45).
Tstav'-he'xvhestano h'the manesttse tst-he'xvev'no'evo'stanhevse ta'se ohkhvveotse. The minute he takes this liquor, the minute he starts living with it, like it turns
out bad. (1987:60).
-he'xve'hahe vai. such age. n-he'xve'hahe. He is of that age. -he'xv vii. how be. naa nhe'e hetoo hnhhe ta'se nhm'eme h'the manesttse tshe'xovo and
then that's where it's been told about, this liquor, how it is (1987:60).
-he'xvomhtahe
vai. Final: -omhtahe.feel that way he'xvomhtaese I don't know how he is (1987:163).
(physically).
Nsahne'enovhe
ts-
Hemaah'e na. (His) Arrow Woman. -he-maahtsen vai. have a sore on the mouth; mouth sore - have a. he-mahtse. He has a sore on the
mouth. Etymology: cf. M omae:keton. See: maa'e; -he-maekht.
hemaa'e ni. sore.Pl: hemaentse. Hem'hhe na. Sore Woman. -he-maehe'on vai. have sores on hand(s). See: maa'e. -hemaehe'na He has sore(s) on his hand(s). -he-man vai. have sores on face. -hemane He has sores on his face. -he-maekhta vai. have a scabby leg; have a sore on leg. he-maekhta his leg has a sore/is scabby.
Etymology: cf. M omae:kekatae:w. See: -he; maa'e.
-he-mhenaov
vta. make a house for s.o. N-he-mhenvo. I made a house for him. -hemhena'e. They (obv) made a house for him. IndepNoun: mh'o.
-he-mhen vai. have a house. -hemhene. He has a house. IndepNoun: mh'o; vta: -he-mhenaov. Hmhkse na. Buffalo Chips. See: Hotamaase. hemahkse ni. buffalo chip, (animal) feces, cow pile, cow pie. This is animal feces in contrast to
hematse 'human feces'.Pl: hemhksstse. these were used as fuel. This entry is probably morphologically related to the ending /-mese/ (/-mase/ ??) 'chips; animal excrement' in some proper names, for example, Hotammaese, Ovhemaese, Hotamaese. See: Hmhkse; hoxa''e; matse1; hematse.
Hema'aatn'e xhne'enhtse vai. Knowshisgun. Usage: loan translation from Crow. hma'e ni. first layer of meat between the hide and ribs. -hema'nanhov vai. strike with hoofs. -hema'nanhva He strikes at you with his hoofs. -he-ma'hehame vti. have s.t. as power; medicine. Usage: considered an "old word". quite possibly
related to the etymologically mysterious Cheyenne word ma'heo'o 'mystery, sacred power, medicine, god, God'. See: ma'heo'o; -ma'hename; -ma'heneve. Nhe-ma'hehame It is my power/medicine. mhe-ma'hehamhhe hevhtha'e His cap must have been his power.
[JOURNEY.TXT]
-he-ma'hename
vai. have a god. -he-ma'hename. He has a god / he has it as his god. ts-hema'henamse your (pl) god. vti. Nto'ssa-he-ma'henhamhenone v'nhov'he tssahov'hevhne. We are not going to have just anything for our god, something worthless. [1987:230] vta: -he-ma'henam'tov.
-he-ma'henam'tov
vta. have s.o. as god. N-he-ma'henamentse. He is my god. -hema'henamnoto. He has them (animate) as his gods.Variant: -he-ma'henham'tov. IndepNoun: ma'heo'o. ma'henam'tov.
-he-ma'henham'tov vta. have s.o. as god. N-he-ma'henhamentse. He is my god.Variant: -he-he-ma'kaataeme vai. have money. See: he-; ma'kaata. he-ma'kaataeme. He has money. Nsahema'kaataemhme. We (excl.) don't have money.
-he-ma'kaataeme'heneve
vai. always have money. he-ma'kaataeme'heneve He always has money.Literally: have-money-characteristic-be.
-he-ma'kaataemetan'heneve vai. always ask for money. he-ma'kaataemetan'heneve He always

asks for (wants?) money.
Hema'est'e na. Arrow Tied To Top of Head Woman. translation uncertain. -he-ma'hkeene vai. wear a feather. worn in the hair as a decoration. See: ma'hkee'e. he-ma'hkeene
He's wearing a feather.
-he-ma'hkeento
vii. tassel (verb). -ma'hkeento It (for example, nhto'khtamtse he-ma'hkeentnstse my corn has tasseled out.
corn) is tasseled.
Hema'tannheo'o na. Bowstring Society. pronunciation uncertain. See: Hma'tanohese; ma'tno. Hma'tanohese vai. Bowstrings.Literally: those who have bowstrings ??. from Grinnell: a "modern"
society. See: ma'tno.
-he-mmaa'e vai. wear a war bonnet. xhe-mmaa'esstse. He wore a war bonnet. [1987:48] -he-mmaa'vhomo'he
vai. do war bonnet dance. See: Hemmaa'vhom'hesttse. mmaa'vhom'heo'o They (usually women) are dancing the war bonnet dance. he-
Hemmaa'vhom'hesttse ni. War Bonnet Dance. See: mmaa'e. Hmanehts'e na. Going to Get Water Woman, Goes To Drink Woman, Fetch Water Woman. -he-manstonhe'tov vta. have s.o. as creation. Nhe-manstonhe'tova ma'heo'o I am his creation.
tshe-manstonhe'tovemenoto you who made us (1987:233). See: -maneh.
-hemaneta vai. have a scab; have a sore; have impetigo. -hemaneta. He has a scab(s)/sore(s)/impetigo.
See: he- 'have'.
hemanvetohko ni. cup. See: nomenvetohko; hemanhvetohko. hmanhvetohko

ni. pail. smaller than hmanhvetoo'o.Literally: fetch-water-container. Variant: hmanhvetoo'o; manhvetohko. Pl: hemanhvehkontse.
hmanhvetoo'o ni. bucket.Variant: hmanhvetohko. hematse

ni. feces. This is human feces, in contrast to hemahkse which is animal feces. See: hemahkse; matse1.
hematssno na. ceremonial advisor. -he-mxeme vai. have firewood; firewood - have. he-mxeme. He has firewood. Nma'xhe-mxeme.
You have lots of firewood. phvhe-mxeme. He has a good amount of firewood. See: mhan.
-he-mehe vai. have an older sister; older sister - have a; sister - have an older. he-mehe. He has an
older sister. tshe-mhto the one who is my older sister. vta: -he-mh'tov.
hmehe p. oops!; whoops! can be said, for instance, if you drop something. Usage: female expression.
See: hke; hhe.
-he-mh'tov vta. have s.o. as older sister; older sister - have s.o. as. he-mhnoto He has her as older
sister. vai: -he-mehe. See: -me.
hemeho na. his older sister, her older sister. Stem: -meh. See: -'nh older brother. Hem'kne hmshnee'stse vai. Crazy Head. Hem'konmshneeho'hame'e
ni. Crazyhead Springs. See: Hem'knhmshnvno. Usage: probably loan transl.. located between Lame Deer and Ashland, Montana.
Hem'konhvhonevstse Heneohevahttse ?? vai. Headchief Battlefield. Hem'knhmshnvno loc. Crazyhead Springs (area). Hem'knhnevaestse vai. Headswift. See: me'ko head. Hem'konhvhonevstse vai. Headchief. One of two Cheyenne warriors who did the suicide horse
ride down Squaw Hill at Lame Deer, into the waiting fire of the firing squad of Indian policeman, acting for the government.
-he-m'oone vai. have a lover; lover - have a. he-m'oone. He has a lover. Mohkeahtse'nooshem'oonhhe. He cheated on his wife (lit., he cheatingly had a lover at the same time).
Hem'oonee ni. Valentine's Day. See: m'oo'o.Literally: sweetheart-day. Variant: Hesthaeeva. -he-m'oon'tov
vta. have s.o. as lover. Nhe-m'oon'tova. He has me as his sweetheart. Nhem'oonentse. He is my sweetheart. he-m'oonnoto. She is his sweetheart. [1987:57] nooshem'oonnoto. He is cheating on his wife by having a lover. See: -mht love s.o..
-he-m'oonee vai. lie with girlfriend, lie with boyfriend. he-moone. He's lying with his girlfriend. -he-m'oontno vai. want to have a girlfriend/boyfriend. he-m'oontno. He/She wants to have a
girlfriend/boyfriend.
-he-mname vai. have berries; berries - have. N-he-mnamehe? Do you have any berries? Nma'x-hemname. I have lots of berries.
-he-mnamt hemne
vii. have berries. ohk-he-mnamtnstse he'vn'stse. female sage has berries. Usage: literalism? Loan transl.?. na. dove; pigeon. Usage: obsolescing.Pl: hemneo'o. Obviative: hemeno. Etymology: cf. M omiiniiw. vai. have food. -he-mshstove. He has food. Usage: said naturally. See: -hestame have food; -msehe eat.
-he-mshstove
-he-mm vai. have a grandfather; father-in-law. -he-mme He has a grandfather. ts-he-mmto

the one who is my grandfather/father-in-law. vta: -he-mm'tov.
-he-mm'tov
vta. have s.o. as grandfather; father-in-law. Nhe-mme'tova He has me as grandfather (that is, I am his grandfather). Nhe-mmentse. He is my grandfather (or fatherin-law). he-mmenoto. He has him as grandfather.
hememo na. his (or her) grandfather; his (or her) father-in-law. Stem: -mm. See: hevkemo his
grandmother.
-he-mta'xe vao. scalp - have a, scalp - own a. esp. of a warrior who owns a scalp that he got from
someone he scalped; not of a person having a scalp on their own head. he-mta'xe He has a scalp. See: mta'xe scalp.
Hmo'eoxeo'o na. Elk Society.Variant: Hmo'eoxeso. Hmo'eoxeso

Spear Men; Elk Soldiers; Kitfox society. Usage: translation uncertain.Variant: Hmo'eoxeso. Petter called this society Headed-lances (or 'homnotxeo'o Coyote-warriors) (PD777ff.). See: xomoo'o. Grinnell: an "ancient" society.
-hmo'eoxeve vai. be an Elk Soldier. See: hmo'eoxevhneve. -hmo'eoxvhneve vai. be an Elk Soldier. nhhe nv'hhtse n-hmo'eoxvhneve there I am a
member, I am an Elk Soldier (1987:116).Literally: ?-elk-?-chief-be.
-he-mo'kone vai. wear a ring; ring - have a. M'hkev-he-mo'konhhe. He used to wear a ring.
[1987:185]
-he-mo'khan vai. have shoes on, shoes - wear. -he-mo'khne. He has shoes (on). -he-mthkame vai. have a knife; knife - have a. no'he-mthkame He even had a knife. [jg 7/89]
See: motke.
-hmoto'ham vai. breed, be in heat. said of dogs, cats. -hmoto'hme. She (for example, a female
dog) is in heat.
-hmots vai. breed; rut. Etymology: cf. M awe:manasow. -hmtse He bred.
hmots- pv. breeding; rutting. Hmots-ee'he August (lit. breeding-moon). hmotshno'ha stud (lit.
breeding-horse).
hmotsehotoa'e na. bull.Literally: breeding-buffalo. Pl: hmotsehotao'o. Obviative: hmotsehotoa'o. Hmotsee'he

na. Rutting Moon. latter part of August and first part of September. possible alternative month name. See: Oenenee'he.
hmotshn'stse ni. horse weed.Literally: breed-weeds. increases stud breeding ability; similar effect
to Viagra; given to horses but also used by men.
hmotshno'ha na. stud. See: mo'hno'ha.Literally: breeding-horse. -he-mteke

vai. have a knife. Nhe-mteke. I have a knife. Notes (Phonology) -assimilation IndepNoun: mtke.
hn'e pro. what, why. has the meaning of English 'why' when used with conjunct and hse- preverb,
that is, 'for what reason?'. Hn'e h'the? What is that? Hn'e tshsenheveto? Why did you do that? some such questions in some contexts are considered quite rude: Hn'e tshsenheto? Why are you saying that?! (this is considered an ugly answer to s.o. when the original question was civil and it only requires a simple straightforward answer). See: hnov'e; hnov'to.
hn'nse
pro. something. something unknown to the speaker. See: hov'he. Hn'nse tsho'hvha? What did I hear fall? (lit. there was something unknown to me which was
overheard falling).
hna'eo'tse pro. What are those? (inan. pl.). similar to hnov'eo'tse. hnaa'etse pro. What; Why. Hnaa'etse tshse'e'o'tsse he'ko? Why did he break the bone? -he-nhahkhstove hna'e
vai. have ambition. Usage: loan translation from English?. Notes (Phonology) 'have' pv. + impers. verb he-nhahkhstove He has ambition. na. goose. Notes (Phonology) iah in sg.Pl: hen'e. AltPl = hena'eo'o See: hn'e what. Etymology: cf. *nexka. Obviative: hen'e.
hena'eno na. goose feathers. part of Sun Dance equipment. See: mee'e. Hena''hhe na. Goose Woman. Hena'o'h'e ni. Goose River. known today as the Laramie River. hena'hanhe pro. that's it (proximal; old information in discourse); there it is; that's the way (it is);
that's the end (for example, of a story).Pl: hena'hanevtse. hena'hanhe ntav'nenheem'stomvatsnvo this is all I'm telling you about (1987:20). hena'hanhe kse'he ts'vhestanse that is when the young lady was taken back (1987:48). Mhena'hanhe? Is that it? Contracted: hen'hanhe. See: heta'hanehe; nea'hanehe; hen'hanehe; hnov'hanhe.
hena'hanetshe pro. that's it (proximal; old information). hena'hanetsevtse pro. those are the ones (proximal; old information). hena'hanevtse pro. those are the ones (proximal; old information). hen'hanehe pro. here it is (proximal; old information). Notes (Phonology) contraction of hena'hanhe -henamhtxe'stne vai. write lefthanded. -henamhtxe'stne. He writes lefthanded. -henams vai. lefthanded. -henamse. He is lefthanded. -henamsehe? Is he lefthanded?Variant: nams. BodyPartMedial: -os. See: Ma'xhenmosstse; Nmosstse; -he'konams.
-henamseaseven
vta. throw s.o. lefthanded. -henamseasevenho. He threw him (like, a ball) lefthanded. -henamseasevenho hhtsemono. He threw the ball lefthanded. Nmosstse. Etymology: *namanci (Pi) left side.
henamssto p. on the left side. Antonym: hestseamxsto. See: -nams lefthanded; -htsenamssto; -hne1 mode. plural addressee delayed imperative suffix. Msh-hne! Eat then! (said to more than one
person; delayed action). Ms-hne! Eat it then! Nmenhne! Sing then! ahtomnhne! Listen then! (said to more than one person). Mhne! Give then! Nhmts-hne! Give it to me
then! Phve'tov-hne! Take care of them (an.)! Na'stse hestan-hne! Take one then! Hestanom-hne Take it/them then! See: -o'o.
hne pro. that; those. inanimate demonstrative used to refer to a previously established entity within a
discourse. Etymology: cf. K (ii)ni (V). See: h'the. Animate: nhe. Hnova'e hne? What does that mean? M=hne? Is that it?
hne eva that (aforementioned) day. hnhno p. here. See: hnhhe. hnhhe p. there (proximal; previously mentioned in discourse). See: nhhe; htshhe; hnhhe. -he-nhps'hestove vai. wear a breechcloth. -he-nhps'hestove He's wearing a breechcloth. henhpo'hoo'tse -hene'h'
ni. white slippery throat gristle (in windpipe). this part is eaten. See: nhpo'hoo'tse; ma'xe-nhpo'hoo'tse; -pa'enhpo'hon. vai. elevate quickly; lifted up quickly. ta'se nhma'x-hene'h'o n'oseehsephvetanotse like I was really lifted up, my, I really got happy. [1987:157] noo
-hne'en vti. know s.t. N-hne'na. I know it / I understand it. N-hne'enahe? Do you know it? sahne'enhe. He does not know/understand it. N-hne'annne. We (excl) know it. stamnhne'ennse. He came to his senses (attrib.). sa-hne'enhnvo. They do not know it. Nsaxae-hne'enhe. I simply do not know it. vta: -hne'enov. See: -mseeotse.
-hne'enotse vai. come to understand. -hne'enotse. He came to understand. -hne'enots't vti. know it quickly; understand s.t. quickly. -hne'enots'ta. He knew it right away.
Nta-hne'enots'ta. I understand it now. Ntaphv-hne'enots'ta. I really know now what it means. Ntamn-hne'enots'ta. I have just now realized it.
-hne'entan't vti. want to know s.t. ohkhohe-hne'entan'ta. He sure wants to know it. vta: hne'entan'tov.
-hne'entan'tov
vta. want to know s.t. N-hne'entan'tvo. I wants to know him. vti: hne'entan't. -hne'ensne. He knows people.
-hne'ensan vai. know people. knows what various people are like, has good intuitions about people. -hne'enseoneve
vai. vii. be well known. -hne'enseoneve he/it is well-known. hne'enseoneve tshehetmto tsheephva'e It is known for sure that it is true, good (1987:104). ts'the hetanevo'e mstav'-hne'enseonvhhe mxhohephve'hahehhe this Arapaho man became known for (singing well), I t't-
that it is
tshee-
guess he
really had a good voice (1987:149).
-hne'enov
vta. know s.o. vti: -hne'en. -hne'enovho. He knows him. Nsa-hne'enovhe tsxhoo'se. I don't know where he is (lit. I do not know him where he is). Nsa'vhne'enovhe tsheevse. I don't remember/know what she was named. [1987:26] See: mseeotse.
-hne'enovahe vai. be knowledgeable; educated; aware. -hne'enovahe. He is educated. [1987:40] -hne'enovh't vti. know s.t. See: -hne'en. mnhe-hne'enovh'thhe hne I guess he knows
something about it (1987:103).
hne'enovhtane
na. student. Usage: seen on a hallway sign at Dull Knife Memorial College.Literally: educated-person. Pl: hne'enovhtaneo'o.
-hne'enovhtaneve vai. be an educated person. -hne'enovhtaneve He is an educated man. -hne'enovhtan -hene'etan

vai. want to be educated. tsa'vevhehp-hne'enovhtanheo'o They don't want to get more education (1987:61). vai. be excited (for example, anticipating something good about to happen). See: oetsetan; -nhahkahe. -hene'etno. He is excited.
hne'h- i. stiff. -hene'hehtse He walked stiffly. -hne'hahe He is stiff. -hne'hna He stiffened it

by hand.
-hne'hahe vai. be stiff. -hne'hahe. He's stiff. vii: -hne'h. Preverb: hne'e-.
-hne'han vti. stiffen s.t./s.o. -hne'hna. He stiffened it.

vta. -hne'hanho. He made him stiff.
-hene'hn vti. lift up s.t. 'hkema'x-hene'hnnse hema'aatan'e. He would hold up his gun. [Head
Chief]
-hene'hnen vai. lift up. esp. to lift up covering of a sweat lodge. -hene'hnne. He lifted up the
sweat lodge covering. Hene'hnnstse! Lift the blankets (of the sweat lodge)! Mnstshene'hnne? Are you going to lift the covering?
-hene'hvev'sotse vai. raise tail. st-hene'hvev'seotshoo'o. He raised his tail (Croft 1988:16:24).
BodyPartMedial: -hev's.
-hne'heohts vai. walk stiffly. -hene'hehtse. He walked stiffly. -hn'ho vii. be stiff. -hn'ho. It's stiff. vai: -hne'hahe. -hne'hose vai. stiff frozen; frozen stiff. -hne'hose. He's frozen stiff. See: -he'konose. -hene'khvsan vai. raise corner of tent for ventilation. -hene'khvsne. He's got a corner up on
his tent to let air in.
-hene'omhtahe vai. excited. -hene'omhtahe. He is excited. hne'e- pv. i. stiff. tsoxae-hne'etotkeetsse He was just frozen stiff sticking out (1987:30). -hne'enno'e vii. look stiff. -hne'enno'e. It looks stiff. -hne'eos vai. Medial: -os.have a stiff finger. N-hne'ese I have a stiff finger. -hne'ee vai. lie stiff. -hne'e. He's lying stiff. he-ne'thhamstove have importance; be the Lord. he-ne'thhamstove He has importance/he is
the Lord. Ts-he-ne'thhamstovstse the One who is Lord.
-hnen vti. pour s.t. -hnna. She poured it. Hnnhtse! Pour it!
vta. pour s.o. -hnenho mshstoto. He poured the potatoes. that this Cheyenne verb can be
used both of liquid as well as non-liquid objects, as can the English verb 'pour'.
henene na. rosebud, tomato. Etymology: O ogin (sg); oginiig (pl) (N).Pl: heneno. Obviative: heneno. -hnenen vai. pour. -hnenne. He poured. vta: -hnenomev. Heneno'h'e ni. Rosebud Creek. henenva'hease na. sharp-tailed grouse. See: va'hease. henen'e ni. rose bush. probably also another plant also, which is rich in Vitamin C. Medial: -'(e). henen'ementse
heneno ??.
ni. rose hips. Usage: neologism to distinguish 'rose hips' from modern 'tomato',
-henn'sne vai. have nits. See: he- 'have'; -htsenen'same. -henn'sne He has nits. henen'se na. nits. They become lice. See: -htsenen'same. henen'kso na. nit. Usage: extant?.Literally: nit-DIM. -hnenomev vta. pour (s.t.) for s.o. Nt-hnenomvatsnvo. Let me pour it for you (pl). vai: -hnenen. hnse
p. be that way; be it. m=hnse Is that it? (said to be shorthand for hnsehe). naa m=hnshanhe tsohkevhsemvvse hovhne and that's why animals are eaten (now) (1987:248). he'=hnse maybe that's it (1987:248).
hnsehe p. Is it the one?; Is that it? hnsehe ephva'ehe, 'hkhethoono "Is it good now?" he
would say to her. (1987:291). See: mhnsehe.
-he-nsemoname
vai. have a spirit helper. tsohkee0he-nsemonamese those that had spiritual powers (1987:40). 0he-nsemoname. He has a spirit helper. vai: -nsem summon spirit helper(s).
-he-nsemonam'tov vta. have s.o. as a familiar spirit. Nhe-nsemonamentse He is my familiar

spirit.
-he-nsone vai. have a child. can be of a man or woman, or animal. Notes (Phonology) Word-final -he is
omitted in Independent Order affirmative eye-witness mode verbs with sg. subjects. he-nsone. He (or she) has a baby. Nhe-nsonhehe? Do you have child(ren)? Tshe-nsonheo'o. They will have children. Mxhe-nsonhehhe. She must have a baby. tshe-nsnhto the one who is my child. IndepNoun: -nso; vta: -he-nsnh'tov. Etymology: cf. M oniicianaehsew.
-he-nsnh'tov vta. have s.o. as child. he-nsonhenoto He has him as child. Nhe-nsonhe'tova He
has me as his child (= I am his child). Nhe-nsonhe'tovemeno we are your children (can be said in prayer to God). Nhe-nsonhentse He is my child. vai: -he-nsone.
hensono na. his/her child(ren). Stem: -nso child (poss.). henstne knee bone meat. See: -nstne. -he-neta'seon'tov vta. choose s.o.; stake claim to s.o. Nhe-neta'seon'tova He (for example, God)
chose me/lit. he staked a claim on me (variant -nhe...)? See: -mon'tov.
hnme ni. thigh; hind quarter.Pl: henomtse. See: -htsnme. Etymology: *wepwa:mi his thigh. hnov'e pro. What?; Why? This question word often implies "What do you want?" This word is used in "why"
questions, along with the preverb hse- or initial hst- that mean 'from that' or 'for that reason'. Hnov'e is inflected for number, obviation, and mode (evidential). Hnov'e tsmseto? What did you eat? Hnov'e tsk'kovone? What is jingling? Hnov'e tsv'eoomse? What did you hit him with? Hnov'e tshsea'xaameto? Why are you crying? Hnov'e tsnhestomo? What do you mean by that? Hnov'to? What is that?/What is this? Hnov'ehtse? What are they (inan.)? Henov'etotse? What are they? (obv)? hnov'tsnse something (obv.; atrrib). See: hn'e.
hnov'hanhe p. That's all there is to that. for example, said when telling a story and you think it's
the truth you are telling. Notes (Phonology) possibly a blend of hnov'e and hena'hanhe See: hnov'e; hena'hanhe.
hnov'ehtse pro. What are they? inanimate.Variant: hnov'eo'tse. hnov'nse pro. something. Such indefinite pronouns take attributive verb mode suffixes indicating their
status of being information unknown to the speaker; indef. pronouns cannot take surprisal mode suffixes, hence, hnov'enhoontse is ungrammatical. See: hv'he; tsa'e; tne'e; nev'esstse; -hov'eve. Ta'se hnv'nse tsxxaemom'htsse. Like something moved. taa'eva tsstaamhnto hnov'nse nmxa'oo'e When I was walking last night something brushed me. Hnov'nse oseephvemeh'ta something (cooking) sure smells good. M'=ame'hanhe hnov'nse o'h'e. Something was floating on the river. (Croft 1988:17). Taxa'e hnov'nse me'tameto? Let's see, what could I give him? (1987:184).Variant: hn'nse. Pl: hnov'ensesttse.
hnov'ensesttse hnov'eo'tse
pro. somethings. identity unknown to speaker. Hnov'ensesttse ma'xetho'tnstse. Some things (unknown) were on top. Singular: hnov'nse. pro. What are they (inan.)? Hnov'eo'tse tsno'hntostse? What (pl) are you carrying?Variant: hnov'ehtse.
hnov'to pro. What?, Why? for example, you can say this when someone comes to your door and
you want to know what they want. This question word often implies "What do you want?" This word is used in "why" questions, along with the preverb hse- or initial hst- that mean 'from that' or 'for that reason'. Hnov'to tstho'ta? What was that on (the table)? Hnov'to tsno'hneto? What are you carrying? Hnov'to tshsta'xaneto? Why are you crying. See: hnov'e.
hnov'etotse
pro. what. Hnov'etotse tsno'hnesstse? What is he carrying? Hnov'etotse tshsho'hnstse? What was her reason for coming (here)? See: hnov'e; hnov'etse.
hnov'etotsnse pro. What was THAT (emph.)? hnov'etse pro. What is it? hnov'tsnse pro. something. obv; unknown. Taa'eva tsstaamhnse hnov'tsnse mxa'oense.
When he was walking last night something (obv.) brushed (attrib.) him.
-henove vii. be said. -henove It is said. phv-henvehe? Was that said well? -xhenove? What's
the news? / What's being said? Nke'ehe mne''e hovnee'e 1969 tsx-henvetse. My grandmother, Mene'a'e, died in 1969, as it is called. (1987:32).
henxease na. meadowlark.Variant: henxeso; honxease; honxeso.
henxeso na. meadowlark.Variant: henxease; honxease; honxeso. Hohnstooh'e na. Brave Hollering Woman. -hohntan
vai. encouraged. esp. of the mood to tackle a difficult job. -hohntno. He is encouraged. [PRAISE.TXT] See: -hettaetan.
hohnve- pv. desirable. -hohnvenohe. He's desirable looking. See: -pohnt. -h-ohtv vai. go to buy. See: -hohtv. h-ohtva. He went to buy (it). Th-ohtvtse khkonheo'o!
Go buy bread!
heo'heo'o na. womb; uterus. Possessive: -htseo'heo'o.Pl: heo'heono. See: nktone. heo'nenaho na. thin icy snow which sparkles lying on the ground. It hurts your eyes and can cause
blindness. See: hsta'se.
heo'k'e na. female showoff. See: heo'ke. -heo'k'eve vai. be a female show off. It's not proper in Cheyenne culture; it's unladylike. -heo'k'eve.
She is acting silly, showing off. See: -heo'keve.
heo'ke na. male show off. See: mhnhke-. -heo'kmanoh vta. show off to s.o. can refer to how a man acts towards a woman, trying to impress
her, but he doesn't mean it; it's just to catch her. -heo'kmanhho. He's showing off to him. Nheo'kmanh'e. They put you in your glory (for example, by flattering you). See: mhnhke-.
-heo'kema'xe vai. smell of perfume. -heo'kem'ha. She smells of perfume. -heo'kemeotse vai. perfumed, smell of perfume. -heo'kemeotse. She smells of perfume. heo'kemeotsesttse ni. perfume. heo'kso na. 1 muskrat.Pl: heo'ksono. Obviative: heo'ksono. Etymology: cf. *we'akwa.
2 showoff. Usage: fig.. See: -heo'keve.
-heo'keve vai. show off. -heo'keve. He showed off. See: -menhkahe; -heo'k'eve. he'htto na. 1 salamander; lizard; water puppy. a kind of lizard; sometimes translated as 'water
puppy'. See: ho'toohso. He'httne mno'eano'hevhe. Lizards must be falling. (This has traditionally been said when it is raining.). He'httne 'hkeetho'n'stoveo'o, 'hksaho'ho'enotsstovhane. Salamanders were stepped on, (so then) you would not get a leg-ache. (a cultural belief). [1987:214]Pl: he'httne. Obviative: he'httne. 2 Salamander.
-heo'httnevma' vai. lizard-painted. -heo'httnvm'e. He's lizard-painted. hem- i. excessive. hemaa'e

p. too much. stamneem'sephvem'stomnvse tsohkev-heta'snto hemaa'e hthestanee'stse then he told them everything about it (drink), how it affects you too much if
you take it (1987:56).
-hemaeta vai. too big. -hemaeta. He is too big. See: -ma'haeta. -hemao' vii. too big. -hema'o. It is too big. vai: -hemaeta. See: -ma'hao'. hemepv. excessively, too much, overly. Nosee-hemhoho'hva. You made it too hot. hemeomta'ehe. He is overly angry. -hemema'xemsehe. He ate too much. -hemeome He is too fat. -hemeoseehehpea'xahtheo'o. They are overly polite (some whites are considered such by Cheyennes). Initial: hem-. See: hemse-; hemesto; h'stse. Etymology: *wesa:mi.
-hemenome vai. sleep excessively. -hemenome. He slept too much. fai: -nme. -hemeome vai. too fat. -hemeome. He is too fat. hemse- pv. against good advice; without good judgement. Nstsev'-hemsevona'stshvo! Don't
let (the whiteman) take you in too much! (1987:13). Nsa-hemseta'vhthe hne tsnheto'ethnove. I did not actually see that performance of the ceremony. (1987:96). mnme'-hemsnheve (sen?) I wouldn't actually say that. [FAMILY.TXT] N-hemsenheve. I did it against good advice. See: -o'se; -a's; -a't.
-hemsenehe vai. excess food. -hemsenehe. He had too much (for example, food). See: -hesenehe. hemesto p. too many. Hemesto ksovaheho mhvsena'hehevhe. Too many young men had also
been killed (for example, at the Battle of the Little Big Horn). Preverb: heme-. See: hesto.
-hemsto'etahe vai. made a mistake. -hemsto'etahe He made a mistake. -hemotsehe

vai. smoke too much. -hemotsehe. He smokes too much. Etymology: cf. M osa:manosaw.
-he-onhavo'eehe vai. have the drum; be the drummer. esp. said of the person who is in charge of the
drum at a peyote meeting. -he-onhavo'eehe. He has the drum. ts-he-onhavo'eestse drummer.
-hose vai. accustomed to cold, used to cold. -hose. He is accustomed to the cold. N-hose. I can
stand the cold. Initial: h- 'be accustomed to (initial)'; Final: -ose; Antonym: -ta'pose.
Hoseamk'hhe na. Hard Fat (Tallow?) Woman. -hoseotse vii. become congealed. -hoseotse. It congealed. for example, grease, cheese, blood. -hso vii. congealed. esp. of fat, cheese, cooking grease. -hso. It is congealed. See: -hoseotse. hev- i. yellow. hovso pro. various things. hovso tsheevetovtoo'stse (various) shapes. Singular: hovestse. Hevaestse vai. Yellow. Notes (Phonology) shortened form of V'kso xhevaestse 'Yellowbird' hovstse p. various, kinds. indefinite pronoun type of particle; requires a following relative root or
preverb. hovstse hehovhne all kinds of animals (1987:246). hovstse heev'kseho various kinds of birds. hovstse tshet'o'ee'stse flowers (plants of various kinds). Hovstse hetx'e. He's face-painted a variety of colors. Hovstse -hetoemeo'o. They (an.) have different prices. Hovstse nhe'enstsmne. We speak different languages.Variant: hovtse. See: hovtse; hovso.
hovstse het''stse
ni. flowers, various tshet'o'ee'stse; tsphvstsav'o'e.
weeds.Literally: various plants. See: hovstse
hovstse tshet'o'ee'stse vii. flowers.Literally: various kinds how they grow. Holliman Spelling: hi
vo vii ss zi / hi doo ii ss zi. See: hovstse het''stse; tsphvstsav'o'e.
hevh'en'o ni. toaster. Usage: neologism. hevh'enesttse ni. toaster. Usage: neologism. -hevahe vai. 1 be yellow. -hevahe. He is yellow. vii: -hev.
2 be a wimp. Usage: fig.. See: -vahe.
Hevhso na. Little Yellow. a woman's name. -hevho'he vai. toasted, cooked yellow. -hevho'he. He's toasted.Literally: yellow-by.heat. -hevh'ta vii. toasted.Literally: yellow-heated. -hevh'ta. It's toasted. -heva' vai. have yellow hair. -hev'e. He has yellow hair. [pd263] Heva'he na. Yellowhair. Hev''e na. Yellowhair Woman. Hev''ke na. Yellowhair Woman. -hevan vti. vta. yellow s.t./s.o. -hevanho. He made him yellow. hevshe na. yellow body nit.Literally: yellow-bellied-one. Pl: hevsheo'o. Obviative: hevsheho. hovtse p. various.Variant: hovstse. See: hovso; oxhsta. seems to require a following relative
verb or relative preverb on a noun, for example: Hovtse m'hkhehohtvhevhe. They traded different things. [1987:18] Hovtse he'enstseo'o. They speak various languages. [1987:115] nx=hovtse=heema'henetanoo'o -ma'heno'etheo'o. They had different (various) religions, they did religious ceremonies. [1987:115] hovtse hehovhne various kinds of animals. hovtse hesnstse various kinds (of weeds) they were (1987:238).
heve- pv. yellow. heve-amke butter (lit. yellow-lard). hevema'xeme orange (lit. yellow-fruit).
Heveanohe na. Yellow Hawk. heveamho'hhe na. school bus.Variant: heveamho'hesttse. See: ma'xheveamho'hesttse. heveamho'hesttse
ni. ma'xheveamho'hesttse.
schoolbus.Literally: yellow-car.
Variant: heveameohesttse;
heveameohesttse ni. schoolbus.Variant: heveamho'hesttse. heveamke ni. butter.Literally: yellow-lard. hevenhno ni. corn meal.Literally: yellow-pudding. See: nhno. Hevees'e na. Yellow Nose Woman. Heveeshe na. Yellow Nose. -hevhahnoh vti. color s.t. yellow. -hevhahnha He colored it yellow. hevhhnoma na. yellow wasp; wasp. hevhtseke na. yellow ant. hevheseo'tse ni. yellow medicine. hevhestaahtsmeno
na. yellow See: heso'xhestaahtsmeno.Variant: hevhestaahtsmentse (inan.).
currants.
hevhestaahtsmen'stse ni. yellow currant bushes. hevhestaahtsmentse

ni. Variant: hevhestaahtsmeno (an.).
yellow
currants.Literally: yellow-branched-berries.
hevh'oohmh'o na. pumpkin.Literally: yellow-cooking-melon. Hevhoomhe na. Yellow Robe. Hev'e na. Yellow Woman. Heve'xanhe na. Yellow Eyes. Heve'hamhe na. Yellow Horse. Heve'ham'e na. Yellow Horse Woman. hevemh'o na. pumpkin, cantelope. See: hevh'oohmh'o. hevema'kaata ni. brass.Literally: yellow-metal. hevem'xeme hevem'xeme
na. ni. orange (fruit); lemon. nanimate in Oklahoma dialect.Pl: hevema'xemeno. Pl: hevema'xementse (in Oklahoma). Obviative: hevema'xemeno.
tsh'haaneestse vii. Pl: hevema'xemeno tsh'haanhese. tsh'haeno'e
lemon.Literally: yellow-big-fruit
that.which.sour.taste.
hevema'xemenmahpe ni. orange juice. hevema'xemenmahpe

that.which.sour.tastes. vii.
lemonade.Literally: yellow-big-fruit-water
Hevem'hahtse na. Yellow Beard. hevem'emhne na. yellow caterpillar. -hevemenoo'xne vai. have yellow eyes. -hevemenoo'xne. He has yellow eyes. hevemo'hta'e na. rutabaga.Literally: yellow-turnip. Pl: heve-mo'ht'ne. pl is also a less common
term for 'carrots' than anonvee'tose.
Hevemomhe'xa'he na. Yellow Tangled Hair. origin of name Yellow Hair. Hevemom'e'xa'he na. Yellow Tangled Hair. -hevn vai. yellow face; jaundiced face. -hevne He has a yellow/jaundiced face. Etymology: cf. O
osaawinezi (N).
-hevenho'he
vai. have yellow fever. See: -nho'he. -hevenho'he. He has yellow fever. Usage: loan transl. which apparently has been used in the past.
-hevehta vai. have yellow leg. -hevehta his leg is yellow/jaundiced. -heveoxa'ohe vii. be beaded yellow. -heveoxa'hnstse They are mainly beaded yellow. -hevsan vai. dressed yellow. -hevsne. He's dressed in yellow clothing. fai: -san2. hevs'the na. cottontail rabbit.Literally: yellow-feet-one. Pl: hevs'theo'o. Obviative: hevs'theho.
See: anhevhkhe; vhkhe.
hevstsv'stse ni. dandelions.Literally: yellow-headed-weeds. -hevstsvo'o' vii. be a yellow flower; yellow flowers (any kind). -hevstsavo''e. It is a yellow
rose. ts-hevstsavo''e rose/that which is a yellow-headed plant. ts-hevstsavo'o'ee'stse yellow flowers.Literally: yellow-headed-vegetation.
Hevkemsh'e na. Yellow Crazy Woman. Hevkev'ho'e na. Yellow Whiteman. hevetoome'esttse ni. Mountain Dew; Mellow Yellow. Usage: neologism. hevev'ho'e na. king (of cards).Literally: yellow-ve'ho'e. Variant: tsma'xevhonevstse 'king (lit. the one
who is the big chief)'.
Hevev'kso na. Yellowbird. See: V'ksxhevaestse. -hev

vii. yellow. seems originally to have included hue toward brown. -hevo. It is yellow. Etymology: *wesa:wye:wi.
-hevoest vai. wear a yellow dress. seems originally to have included hue toward brown. -hevsta.
She's wearing a yellow dress. Final: oest1; IndepNoun: hoesttse.
hevhkho'home ni. Final: -ome.tepee with yellow ornaments. hevhkho'h-v'kso

na. canary; flycatcher.Literally: yellow-blended(?)-bird. Pl: hevhkho'hve'kseho. Obviative: hevhkho'hve'kseho. tsema'kome xhesstse "Yellow and red liquid (alcohol) will come to you (pl)," (Sweet Medicine) said. (1987:12). Final: -ome.
-hevhkome vii. be yellow liquid (that is, liquor; alcohol). nstsho'a''tnvo tshevhkome naa
-hevhtheve vai. vii. have yellow design. -hevhtheve It has a yellow design. hohtseto ashevhthveo'o The trees are beginning to turn yellow (orange, brown, etc., esp. in the fall).
hev's'e na. buffalo calf. See: mo'ksa'e.Literally: yellow calf. Variant: hev'ks'e. Pl: hevo'sa'eho.
Obviative: hevo'sa'eho.
hevo'ha na. sorral; yellow horse. Hevo'hme na. Yellow Horse. -hevo'khna vai. wear yellow shoes. -hevo'khna He has on yellow shoes. hevo'kem'emhne na. little yellow caterpillar. hev'ks'e
na. buffalo calf.Literally: yellow Obviative: hevo'ksa'eho. calf. Variant: hev's'e. Pl: hevo'ksa'eho.
-hevma' vai. painted yellow, yellow painted. -hevm'e. He is painted yellow. Final: -ma'. hevoma'e vai. yellow-headed. xhevoma'esstse He was painted yellow (1980:2:7). -hevoneehe vai. yellow ropelike. -hevoneehe. He (ropelike) is yellow. Medial: n. hevonehe na. yellow paint. Hevonheo'h'e Muddy Creek. both the creek and district on the reservation.Literally: yellow-paintcreek.
Hevonheo'h'e tshsthese
Creek.
vai. Muddy Creek people.Literally: lit. those who are from Muddy
Hevonheo'h'etane
na. Muddy used.Pl: Hevonheo'h'etaneo'o.
Creek
person.
Usage: not
commonly
-hevonen vai. have yellow teeth. -hevonne. He has yellow teeth.
-hevoome vii. be yellow liquid. x-hevoomtsnse It was a yellow liquid (1987:55). -hevovse vai. have yellow hair. -hevovse. He has yellow hair. BodyPartMedial: -ovs. -hevx'e vai. yellow painted face. -hevx'e. He is face-painted yellow. -hesan vai. say (to the people). x-hesanesstse. He (Sweet Medicine) said (to the people). [1987:8:39;
1987:12]
See: -m'stomsan; -he; -heve; -hevoo'o.
hes(e)- i. cramp; jerk. -hese ni. foot. m-hese foot. n-hese my foot.
[Hayden 1862:302; Smith 1949:83] Usage: these forms not known by any speaker today. Notes (Phonology) iah ??Pl: ma-hestse ?? (Hayden). See: heheso hoofs. Etymology: *nesici my foot.
hsepv. why, from there, from where, because.Variant: hse-. Usage: A few speakers say hse- instead
of hse-.. Hnov'to ts-hsea'xaameto? Why are you crying? Hn'e ts-hseoomse? Why did you hit him? nomhst'e ts-hshoo'se tsovxstse one who dreamed was from the south (1980:2:6). -hsho'hne. That's the reason why he came. Nke'ehe heke v'ho'k'e xheevhe mx-hsenheevhehhe tshv'ho''evse. My grandmother's mother, White Woman, she was named. She was given that name because she was half whiteman. (1987:31). Hnhhe n-hshhene'na That's where I came to learn it. Notes (Phonology) nl Etymology: *wenci; O onji- (N). See: -hstahe; hom'xe-; v'-; v'e-.
hs na. fly (insect). Etymology: *we:cye:wa.Pl: hseo'o. Obviative: heso; Simplified Spelling: hiss. hes- i. ridge. -hesehe vai. move camp to a ridge. See: -heseehe. -hesehe He moved camp to a ridge. -heseehe vta. pulled. See: -hesehe. -heseehe. He's being pulled. vta: -heseet; Final: -eehe. Hesehe'e
na. Ridgewalker; Ridge Camp. Obviative: Heseh'va.
man's name; usually translated as Ridgewalker.
heseo'tse ni. medicine, herb. This is a general term for herbal medicines and has been applied to
non-herbal medicines for many years. taohkenaestmaneo'o taohkeeho'oestsnvtse
hesetsstse ohkeemanstvnstse nontse'o taohkevevaphveotsnove oxsta taohkevhestannove. (Indian doctors) would doctor, they would brew up some herbal
medicines. You would drink (this), incidentally, you got well, you were O.K. again. (1987:213). Notes (Phonology) vs Possessive: -htsseotame.Pl: hesetsstse. AlternatePlural: heseottse. See: heso'ho; hestseve. Etymology: cf. *wecye:pihki root.
Heseot'e na. Medicine Woman; Herb Woman. See: Ma'seot'e. -heseotame vai. medicate, use something as medicine. Nohk-heseotame. I use it for medicine. heseotshohtvamh'o ni. drugstore. heseotsmh'o ni. drugstore; hospital; clinic.Literally: medicine-house. Some speakers prefer to reserve
this word for 'drugstore' and use naa'-mh'o for 'hospital'.Variant: naa'mh'o.
-heseotsmea'xe vai. smell of medicine, medicine smell. -heseotsmea'xe. He smells of medicine. -heseotseve vii. vai. be medicine. ohk-heseotseve 'eno It (lit. he) was a medicine gourd (lit. He is
medicine, a gourd rattle).
heseotsve'ho'e na. doctor; physician; pharmacist; druggist.Literally: medicine-ve'ho'e. heseeseontse ni. tugs. See: -heseests 'pull s.t.'.Literally: pulling(.things). -heseests vti. pull s.t. -hesestse. He pulled it. See: -hesta'hahts pull/jerk s.t.. vta: -heseet. -heseet
vta. pull s.o. See: -heseehe. -heseetho. He pulled him. vti: -heseests. Etymology: cf. *wencipi0we:wa.
-heseh vta. blame s.o. -heshho. He blamed him. See: -ho''et. -hseh vta. fight s.o. over s.t. -hshho. He fought him over it. N-hsho. I fought him over it. Nhshaa'e. He fought me over it. See: -hsethts'tov; -mt.
-heshahtotse vai. have cramps in foot. -heshahtotse He has cramps in his feet. -heshahts 1 inhale s.t., sniff s.t. -heshhtse. He inhaled it (for example, the gassy smell).
2 eat. Usage: fig., humorous idiom. Neahtse'-heshhtse. I already ate (lit. I already inhaled; humorous). See: -mhast.
-heshe'onotse vai. have cramps in hands. -heshe'onotse He has cramps in his hands. -heshe'onotse
vai. have cramps in the arm. -heshe'onotse. He has cramps in his arm/hand. Medial: -he'on.
-hs'ha vai. fly from there. nx-hs'ha. He flew from there. -hs'haoohe vai. fly from there quickly. nx-hse'hoohe. He flew quickly from there. hes'ome 1 ni. ridge. See: heseno; -heshtse.
2 na. Ridge. man's name.
Hes'omeehnhkohe na. Ridge Bear. hes'om'e ni. at the ridge.Variant: hes'omno. Hes'omenhkohe na. Ridge Bear. Hes'ometane na. Ridge person.Pl: Hes'ometaneo'o. This was a group of Cheyennes who lived on a
ridge. Eventually, they were regarded as a band with this label.
-hese'pa'onotse vai. have cramps in the back. -hese'pa'onotse. He has cramps in his back. hes'se ni. gristle. Possessive: -htss'same.Pl: hese'stse. Etymology: *wecye:'ci. -hes'seve vii. vai. gristly. -hes'seve it's gristly. -hesem vta. take (or bring) s.o. by speaking. -hesemho He took (or brought) him by speaking. See: hestsem.
-hsemho'h vai. sing braveheart war song(s); serenade. these songs emboldened warriors and those
left behind in the camp when the warriors were gone ?? -hsemh'he. He sang braveheart songs. See: -nmen.
-hsemho'hnone vai. sing a braveheart war song. N-hsemho'hnone I'm singing a braveheart war
song.
hsemho'hnoottse ni. braveheart war songs. -hsemho'hnoov vta. sing a braveheart war song to s.o. N-hsemh'hnovo I sang a braveheart
war song to him.
-heseme vai. gasp. for example, the involuntary gasp or quiver for air of a child some time after he has
cried for awhile. -heseme He gasped.
-hesemohe vai. pull. esp. of a horse. -hesemohe. He (for example, horse) is pulling (a wagon) (for
example, pulling uphill). Final: -mohe.
-hsemohe vai. run from there. -hsemohe. He ran from there. fai: -mohe. hesemohestottse ni. doubletree, singletree.Literally: pull.with-things ??. See: amstoseo'o. -hesena'vaotse vai. cramps in arms. -hesena'vaotse. He has cramps in his arms. -hsn vai. (one's) face come from there. for example, from that side of the family. -hsne his face
comes from there. BodyPartMedial: -n face.
hsne
p. east. See: e'he tsnxhse-m'hnstse. Usage: Grinnell 1923, Vol. II, says this is a ceremonial term for 'east'; not well known today; today, the most commonly known term is the periphrastic one meaning 'from where the sun appears', e'he tsnxhse-m'hnstse. This term was also known in Petter's day.. See: heseno.
heseno p. west ?? See: hsne. hesno (seno?) ni. ridge. See: hes'ome. Etymology: cf. M ohsiiya:hkiw. -he-sno'hasen vai. have pin. can refer to wearing a brass pin on a coat. See: he- 'have'; sno'haseo'o.
-hesno'haseneo'o They have pins/barrettes (can also be a brass pin on a coat).
-hesenmaotse
vai. have cramps in thigh. N-hesenmaotse. I have cramps in my thigh. See: hestnhaotse.
-hsenne vai. sing from there. -hsenne He sang from that; OR, he sang because of that.
-hesenotovotse
vai. have cramp(s) in the neck. N-hesenotovotse. I have a cramp in my neck. BodyPartMedial: -notov.
-heseoesta'xe vai. jerk quickly, start. esp. for example, while asleep or when the telephone rings and I
am startled. N-heseoesta'xe. I jerked.
-heseoestoh(n) vta. 1 suck quickly out of s.o. done by medicine men, to suck poison or blood out of
someone. -heseoesthnho. He sucked it out of him. 2 have oral sex on a man. See: -'enhenh(n).
-hesohts vai. walk on ridge. -heshtse He walked on a (or the) ridge. heso'ho ni. root.Pl: heso'hontse. See: heseo'tse. -heseotse vai. have cramps; convulse; be shocked (electrically). Etymology: cf. M ocpaahosow 'he has a
cramp' (Pe79.384). See: -hese'pa'onotse; -hekhtaotse. -heseotse. He has cramps. hanheseotse. He died of convulsions. Nsts-heseotse. (Don't touch the outlet!) You will go into convulsions. -heseotseo'o namo'kono. My fingers have cramps. Final: -otse.
hesv'e ni. sand. hle; this entry and several others exhibit a pitch rule of High Leveling (HLe); an expected
low pitch, usually on the antepenultimate vowel, will be raised to a high if preceded and followed by phonetic (surface) highs. Some other forms showing HLe are -vsne /-vosan/ 'he saw'; stt'e /htot'/ 'evergreen tree', nnno 'Ree district'. This rule is similar to the rule of LHR, described in W. Leman 1981 and illustrated in this dictionary under the entry pso 'cat'. HLe is not as "neat" a rule as LHR; its structural description is not as tidy, or easy to formulate, but it is definitely a part of Cheyenne pitch behavior. See: Ma'xhesovo'o'h'e. Etymology: *le:kaw- 'sand' + -axky- 'earth' (possible
etyma) (Go88).
Hesov'eo'h'ke ni. Sand Creek. See: Pnoeo'h'e. -hesov'eve vii. be sandy. -hesov'eve it's sandy. hesov'evo'honeo'o na. gravel. See: ho'hon'e.Literally: sandy-rocks. Hesov'k'e na. Sandy Hair Woman; Sandy Head Woman. -hesov'ma'o'e vii. be sandy ground. -hesov'ma'o'e It is sandy ground. hesxe p. at the doorway. Antonym: v'htma. -hesshtsena'xe vai. have twitching on the mouth. -hesshtsena'xe. He has twitching on his mouth.
BodyPartMedial: -ahtsen.
-hessa'ham -hessa'xe
vta. cause s.o. to shake. as of a person bothered by an evil spirit. hma'semhehessa'hamsesto hetanho. He (evil spirit) shook the man. [Mark 1:28; JG] vai. have palsy; have a stroke, convulse; jerk. shaking from sickness or excitement. hessa'xe. He has palsy.
-hessemho't vii. scorched. -hessemho'tnstse. They (inanimate) got scorched. -hessne'e vai. have twitching in face. -hessne'e. He has twitching in his face. BodyPartMedial: n.
-hessevotse vai. have cramps in the calves. -hessevotse. He has cramps in his calves. hessvvo p. Wow! Non-contracted: hessvvn'e. hessvvn'e p. Wow! Contracted: hessvvo. -hsstanov vai. be living going on. ma'hen-hsstanove. It is all spiritually created. the old people
used to live this way; things were different concerning relations with animals, people could converse with animals, people would receive songs from animals, there were medicinal herbs, etc. See: -vonstanove.
-hseven vta. fight s.o. over s.t. See: -hseh. -hsevenhtsnvo. They fought over it. [1987:262] -heskhtaotse vai. have cramps in the legs. -heskhtaotse. He has cramps in his legs. -hsethts'tov
vta. fight s.o. over s.o. -hsethtsnovo. They fought over him/her. xhsethts'toesesto ts'the sevono naa hestatanemo. They fought over her, this buffalo and her brother. (1987:304). See: -hseh.
-hestam vta. think that way about s.o., wish that for s.o. -hestamho. He thought that way about him.
vai: -heetan. See: -nhestam; -heetan'tov; momxe-.
-hesetnhaotse vai. have cramps in the haunches. -hesetnhaotse He has cramps in his haunch(es).
Notes (Phonology) often pronounced -hestnhaotse Medial: -tnaha.
-hestsest
vti. think that way of s.t. N-hestssta that's what I think about this (1987:213). vai: heetan. hesevna. He snatched it. Nx-hsevnhtse! Get it! N'vh-esevnhtse! Go get it quickly! vta. pick up s.o., arrest s.o., grab s.o., take s.o. urgently, snatch s.o. -hesevenho. He took him. st-hesevenhoono. (The man) grabbed (the frog). M-hesevenhhe. He must have been arrested. [1987:286] See: -hestan; -heseven.
-heseven vti. pick up s.t., grab s.t., take s.t. urgently, snatch s.t. more urgent action than -hestan. -
-hesva'xe vai. sound that way; make that kind of noise. -hesva'xe He made that kind of noise. vii: hesvone.
-hesvam
vta. summon s.o. -hesvamho He called him/he summoned him. h'tva nto'sevhesvamaene sometime (God) will call/summon us (1987:117). See: -onom; -m'ot. vai. shoot from three-point line. -hsevoohe tshna'noemetsse. He shot from the three-point line. Usage: neologism.
-hsevoohe tshna'noemetsse
hesevvn'e a'e hestonovn'e Wow, it's like a drymeat rack! funny expression for something
really amazing.
hsevo na. calf (of leg); muscle meat. as meat, esp. leg muscle; not considered choice meat. Possessive: htssevo; Medial: -sev. Notes (Phonology) iah ??Pl: hesevono.
-hsevone vii. sound from there. -hsevone. The sound is coming from that direction. -hesevoneve vai. be calf (of leg). -hesevoneve It is calf (of leg). -hes
vii. be that way, be so. -hso. It is so. ts-hso. It is this way. n-hso. It is that way. Nsahne'enhnne ts-hso. We do not know what it is like. (1987:550). vai: -hest. See: hesotse; -hs.
-hs vii. be from there. See: -hes. hk'e mx-hshanhe It (for example, story) must be from long
ago (1980:4:2).
hes'x- i. slippery; smooth. -heso'xovhtse. He made it slippery with water. -hes'xahe vai. 1 be slippery; smooth. nma'he -hes'xahe The fish is slippery. (adapted from PD981).
2 fig., flipflop. Ho'hon'e m-hes'xhehhe. The rock must be slippery (an idiom meaning
'he flipflopped; esp. he didn't keep his decision or relationship, esp. his marriage relationship). The word for 'rock' can be omitted, and the remaining verb still used in this idiomatic sense. vii: -hes'x.
-hes'xho'hov vai. iron. -hes'xho'hva. She ironed. Usage: said to be a So. Ch. term.Variant: hes'xhen. Literally: smooth-by.heat.
hes'xho'hovahttse ni. iron.Literally: smooth-by.heat-thing. Variant: hes'xh'o. -hes'xa'omohta vii. be icy. for example, on the road. -hes'xa'omohta It is icy (for example, on the
road).
-hes'xan vti. smooth, make slippery, polish s.t./s.o. -hes'xna. He made it slick.
vta. -hes'xanho. He smoothed him out. N-hes'xno. I made her slippery (this can refer to causing a woman to be lubricated in the vagina prior to intercourse). See: -hes'xoh(n); 'komeotse; -mhov.
-hes'xea'e vii. smooth in texture. -hes'xea'e. It is smooth in texture. -hes'xees vai. slippery nose. -hes'xese. He has a slippery nose. Usage: humorous. heso'xhestaahtseme
na. See: hestaahtsmeno.
currant.Literally: smooth-branched-berry.
Pl: heso'xhestaahtsmeno.
heso'xhestaahtsmeno na. currants.Literally: smooth-branched-berries. See: hestaahtsmeno. hes'xhestaahtsmn'e ni. currant bush.Pl: hes'xhestaahtsmn'stse.
hes'xho'ense ni. rank weed with yellow flower similar to sunflower; Chinese Chrysanthemum. hes'xemehne na. 1 blue racer (snake). See: mhne.Literally: slippery-serpent.
2 Slippery Monster.
-hes'xn vai. shiny face. -hes'xn. He has a shiny face. hes'xen'stse ni. sunflowers.Literally: slippery-plants. -hes'xenohe vai. look slick. for example, some kinds of tarps (animate). -hes'xenohe. He looks
slick. fai: -nohe.
-hes'xeoha'e
vai. slip and fall. This is to slip on a slippery surface, such as ice, and fall. hes'xeoha'e. He slipped and fell down (for example, on ice). See: kena'ee.
-hes'xeohts vii. become slippery. -hes'xeohtse It got slippery. -hes'xeotse vii. vai. become slippery; lubricated; smooth. -hes'xeotse It/He became slippery. This
can refer to a woman becoming lubricated in the vagina as part of intercourse. See: -mhov; 'komeotse.
hes'x'hno na. oil cloth, tablecloth.Literally: slippery-cloth. gramm. pl., typical of cloth terms. -hes'x vii. slippery; slick; smooth. Antonym: -hohpo'h. -hes'xo. It's slippery. sa-hex'xhne. It's
not slippery. Etymology: cf. *wea:'- 'slippery'. vai: -hes'xahe.
-hes'xoh vti. iron s.t. -hes'xha He ironed it. -hes'xhen hes'xh'o -hes'xoh(n)
vai. iron.Literally: smooth-by.tool-INTR. hes'xho'hov. -hes'xhne. thing.
She
ironed.Variant: -
ni. iron (appliance).Literally: smoothing Variant: hes'xho'hovahttse.
Pl: hes'xheontse.
vta. iron s.o. -hes'xhnho. She ironed him (for example, a shirt).Literally: smoothby.tool. See: -hes'xan.
hes'xo'an'o ni. sled.Literally: slippery-wagon. Variant: hes'xo'en'o. -hes'x'ehn vai. go by sled. See: -am'ehn; am'eneo'o. -hes'x'hne He went by sled. hes'xo'en'o
ni. sled. for example, Diminutive: hes'xo'eneko.Variant: hes'xo'an'o.
horsedrawn
sled.
hes'xo'eneko ni. children's sled.Literally: slippery-wagon-DIM. -hes'xo'est vai. 1 slippery ears. Medial: -'est. See: -vovhpe'est.
2 fig., not listen. Ma'ennhe he-hes'xo'sta. He has ears like turtles (that is, he won't listen). Usage: Is the idiom actually used?.
hes'xo'khantse ni. rubber shoes. See: mo'keha. -hes'xoma'o'e vii. be slippery ground. -hes'xoma'o'e It is slick ground/the ground is slippery (for
example, icy).
-hes'xoovohts vti. make slippery with water. -hes'xoovhtse He made it slippery with water. -hes'xov vai. have slick fur. -hes'xva. He has shiny (slick) fur. BodyPartMedial: -ov. -hes'xovse vai. have silky hair. -hes'xovse He has silky/fine silky hair. -hesotse vii. take place that way, happen that way, happen so. to's-hesotse Here is what is going to
happen. See: -hes; -tnv.
hestsva
obl. at the lower part (of anything, for example, of a tepee); at the butt; at the root. See: hestsevtse. Possessive: -htsstsva.
hestseve ni. root.Pl: hestsevtse. Usage: obsolescing. See: -htsstseve; heseo'tse. -hesv vai. hiccup. -hesva. He hiccuped. hesva'kove ni. tenderloin, sirloin. -hesva'xeme
vai. whooping cough, croup. -hesva'xeme. He has whooping cough/he has croup.Variant: -hesva'xemhe'haa'e. See: -totovhe'haa'e.
-hesva'xemhe'haa'e vai. have croup. -hesva'xemhe'haa'e. He has croup.Variant: -hesva'xeme.

Notes (Phonology) vs See: -p'he'haa'e; -he'haa'e.
hest- i. wound. hest- i. take. -hestna. He took it by hand. -hestha. He took it by tool. he-st vai. have ... The st in such 'have' verbs is phonemically /ht.../, but we file 'have' verb entries under
the letter [s].
hsta ni. 1 heart. Possessive: -htsest; vai: -he-stsstahe; Medial: -hth. Etymology: *wete:hi his heart.
2 Heart. a constellation.
-hest vti. say s.t. "phva'e" -hsta. He said that it is good. ohk-hestnovtse 'ventse' They called
them 'ventse' (tepees). vta: -het.
-hesta vai. appear so, be that way, have such abode, live that way, exist, inhabit, reside; come into
being; born; originate; inhabit; live. -hesta. That's where he resides ; that's his habitat. -hesta htshhe. He inhabits here. ts-hestvse the way they are; the way they look. For example, when speaking of the monster of Loch Ness, we could say Nessie -hesta Loch Ness, meaning that Loch Ness is the ONLY location of this monster. ts-hesta He is like this. n-hesta He is like that. a'e 'vaamhnesstse naa oxsta m'v-hesthhe He walked very soon and all right, that's how he became (1987:109). Ho'noxhaestse mx-hesthhe 1900 tsxhenvetse. Brave Wolf (Jim One Bear) was born in the year of 1900. (1987:32). Mhkaveo'o ohk-hestao'o h'e hohose. Bobcats live far away in the hills. (1979:204). He nev'esstse tshhe mhesthhe. Hey, someone must exist here. [JOURNEY.TXT] ts-hestatsse the way he looked (1988:289). See: -hest; -hstahe; -hestotse; -hes; -vo'stanheve.
-hst vii. wind blow from there. Notma -hsta. The wind blew from the north. Notma sa-hsthne.
It's not blowing from the north. Tsa'e (nx)-hsta? Where is the wind blowing from? See: hsto'a'h.
hestaahts- pv. branch. hes'xhestaahtsmen'e currant bush (lit. slippery-branched-berry-wood). hestaahtseme na. currant.Pl: hestaahtsmeno. hestaahtsmeno na. currants. hesta'e
ni. 1 branch. Notes (Phonology) vs; iah?Pl: hestaentse. Oblique: hestaenva. Etymology: *wehtehkweni. 2 Branch. vai. have lice. -hestaeme. He has lice. Possessive: -htaeme. See: he- have. Etymology: *wetehkomiwa.
Hestahot'e na. Branch Bull. -he-staeme
hestaemo na. his lice. Stem: -htaeme. -hestaenev'ohe vai. have branches. -hestaenev'ohe. (The tree) has branches. Hesthaeva obl. Valentine's Day.Literally: heart-day. See: Hem'oon-ee. hesthame ni. seed.Literally: heart-berry. Pl: hesthamentse. See: nano'hesttse; hesta'ementse. hestha-v'hanottse ni. pericardium.Literally: heart-container. Variant: hestha-v'hanoo'tse. -hstahe vai. be from there, descend from there. Tsa'e n-hstahe? Where are you from? ts-hsthese
Vhpoomtanno those who are from Busby. naa tshemmto -hstahe Mo'htvetoo'o and my grandfather is (descended) from Black Kettle (1987:38:32). See: -hesta; -tshstahe; hestotse.
hesthevetke ni. heart fat (tallow). hstahke

na. 1 twin (male).Pl: hesthkeho. plural is two boys, Obviative: hesthkeho; Feminine: hesthkh'e. 2 Twin.
or boy and girl twins.
hesthkh'e na. 1 twin (female).Pl: hesthkh'eo'o. Masculine: hstahke.Variant: hesthth'e.

2 Twin Woman.
-hesthkhvehn vai. bear twins. See: -nsehn. -hesthkhvhne She gave birth to twins. -hesthkhnvehn vai. bear twins. -hesthkhnvhne. She gave birth to twins. Hesthk'hhe na. Twin Woman. -hesthpan
vai. brain hide. i.e. treat the hide with the mixture of brains, liver, and lard. See: hesthn'stse. N-hesthpne I treated the hide with the brain mixture. [PD1040]
hesthpn'e ni. yucca; soap weed.Pl: hesthpn'stse. Traditionally used for soap; this weed is also
used with the mixture of brains and liver for treating the hide during tanning.
hesthpano'e-ma'hkee'e ni. yucca flower (tassel). hestahpe na. brain. Possessive: -htsstahpe. Etymology: *wetempi 'his brain'. nl (Nasal Lengthening): note
correspondence of Cheyenne high-pitch to PA vowel + nasal in a consonant cluster; in historical development something like compensatory lengthening (with usual Ch reflex of high pitch from PA vowel length) took place in Cheyenne prehistory as the nasal was deleted; such compensatory lengthening also took place in: hse- 'because' < *wenci; n-htsnota(h) 'my cross-nephew' < *ne0enkwa0ehsa; mhtseno 'armpit' < *me0enkwi; hoxe'e 'lodgepole' < apanwiyi; -ht 'by mouth' < *-ant; m-htatamoo'o 'shoulder' (/-htatamon/) < mete0emankani; na-stoo'o 'my throat' (/na-htoon/) < *nekwenta:kani; /een/ -e 'he is lying prone' < *enkihinwa. The high pitch of 'weasel' xa'e (/eh/) < enkwehsa may reflect this compensatory lengthening, however there is question about whether or not the pertinent high pitch is permanent or not (?). Note the possible correspondence of m'ks'e or mnkhso 'calf' < maxkwehsehsa 'fawn'; stt'e 'pine' (probably includes -'e 'wood (med.)') < *enta . m-htovoo'tse 'ear' < *mehtawakayi may follow this pattern, perhaps by analogy. Similarly, m-hts'oo'o 'elbow' < *metwekwani; n-m'vo 'I found him' < *neme0kawa:wa. (Some of these forms may have undergone a stage where the consonant cluster had an initial nasal.?) (Why did hestom- 'hinder' < *wentam- not undergo the compensatory lengthening?) (correspondence first noted by I. Goddard; see description in Goddard 1988.).Pl: hestahpo. Medial: -hthp.
hesthp'hanoto na. a cut of meat. -hesthtan vti. vta. reach s.t./s.o. See: -hohtamst; -hestamst. -hesthtna He reached it/he attained
it.
-hsthtomne vai. hear from there. -hsthtomne. He heard (something) from there. -hesthto'
vai. be within eyesight of. -hestht'o He is within eyesight of (within his own eyesight)/he reaches (it) in eyesight/he can see that far.
hesthttse ni. straight gut; marrow gut; stuffed intestine; balogna; weiners. colon (PD). the original
term is extended to modern balogna and weiners.
hesthttse tskhkovaxe ni. lunch meat. Usage: od.Literally: balogna which is cut thin. hesthtse- pv. within reach. hesthts-h'ta. It's cooked perfectly. hesthth'e -hesta'amas
na. twin Pl: hesthth'eo'o.
[1987:107]
girl,
female
twin.
Usage: old
man
speech.Variant: hesthkh'e.
vta. wound s.o. by shooting. tsv-hest'amxese those who had gunshot wounds.
-hesta'e vai. be wounded. -hesta'e He was wounded; he has a wound. -he-sta'e vai. have a wound. he-sta'e He has a wound. Hesta'he na. Wounded. -hesta'mas vta. wound s.o. by shooting. N-hesta'mso. I wounded him by shooting. hesta'ementse ni. -hsta'no'hme vai. drive from. nx-hsta'no'hme. He drove from (there). fai: -a'no'ham. hesta'ennto na. part of the paunch. -hesta'nntsvhthn
vai. make a part of the paunch design. there are rows of slightly displaced vertical marks as found in this part of the paunch; it is a square blocks design. hesta'nntsvhthne. He's using the part-of-paunch design. vii. vai. have part of paunch design. -hesta'nntsvhthvnstse. They have a square blocks design.
-hesta'nntsvhtheve
hesta'esttse ni. wound. See: hesta'he.Pl: hesta'stottse. -hesta'hahts vti. jerk s.t.; pull s.t. See: -heseests pull s.t.. N-hesta'hhtse. I jerked it; I pulled it. -hsta'haso'he vai. ride horse from there. nx-hsta'haso'he. He rode horse from there. hsta'he ni. umbilical cord; navel; afterbirth; placenta. Hsta'he and its animate dim. hesta'hso are
translated as 'afterbirth (child)' in the text 1987:349ff.. N-htssta'he was translated in 1987:27 as 'my afterbirth.' Actually this term probably does not refer to the entire afterbirth, but rather to the cord. Traditionally, the cord is treated specially. For boy babies the cord was placed in a pouch with a beaded turtle design. For girl babies the pouch had a lizard design. When there was insufficient time to properly save the cord, it might just be hung on a bush. Notes (Phonology) iahPl: hesta'hstse. AltPl = hesta'htse Possessive: -htssta'he; Diminutive: hesta'hso; BodyPartMedial: -hta'n. See: hesthp'hnto. Etymology: *weciilwi/wetesi ? his navel.
hesta'hso na. little umbilical cord. 'umbilical cord' is not usually considered animate, but was in this
text perhaps because it was a name for a main character.
hesta''seo'o ni. trigger. of a gun. hsta'se

na. snow. Nvhe tsanevo'khnhtse hesta'sho? Who made it snow? (could refer to someone's having gotten married, or eloped; lit. Who knocked down the snow?). 'senoohnovo (noeh?) hesta'sho They cleared off the snow (1987:30). vii: -ho't; Obviative: hesta'sho. Notes (Phonology) iah hahpe'enoo'e.
-hesta'seve vii. be snow. -hesta'seve. There is snow. ma'x-hesta'seve. There is a lot of snow. See: Hesta's-ve'ho'e Santa Claus. Usage: neologism.Literally: snow-ve'ho'e. Hesta'svo'stane -hsta'xan
na. Eskimo.Literally: snow-person. Usage: neologism. See: Ma'omtane; nma'ne Mvose hmvose ??. vai. cry because of. -hsta'xne He cried over (it)/because of (it). Hnov'to tshsta'xaneto? Why are you crying?Variant: Hnov'e tshse-a'xaameto?.
Hestmxana na. Touching Food. translation uncertain. Obviative: Hestmxananeva. hstme ni. his/her food.Pl: hestamtse. The plural refers to different kinds of food such as crackers and
cookies. See: mhtme.
-he-stame vai. have food. -he-stame. He has food. See: -he-mshstove. -he-stmee'e vai. have food sitting. -he-stmee'e He has food, while sitting. Notes (Phonology) vs See: htm; mhtme; hstme; mshesttse.
-hestamst vti. reach s.t., attain s.t. (esp. a goal). Nsa'-hestamsthe. I haven't reached it yet.
Usage: seems to be subdialectal variant.Variant: -hohtamst.
hestam'kne ni. sweetroot. grows near the sandrocks; a root that looks like rope; the inner part is
sweet.
-hstan vti. get s.t./s.o. from there, take s.t./s.o. from there. -hstna. He got it from there. See: -hestan.
Etymology: *wentenamwa. vta. -hstanho. He got him from there.
-hestan vti. take s.t./s.o., get s.t./s.o., hand s.t./s.o. -hestna. He took it. Hestnhtse! Take it! Nxhstnhtse! Get it (for me)! Nx-h-estnhtse! Go get it! Nsts-hestnhtse! Hand it to me! Hestanomeo'o! Take it (later)! Hestanomo'o! Take it (later)! (another pronunciation). vta. -hestanho. He got him. Hestaneha! Take him! Notes (Phonology) stem-initial -he devoices when preceded by high pitch See: -hstan; -hestanhtstan.
-hestanhtstan vai. want to be picked up. -hestanhtstno. He (for example, a toddler) wants to
be picked up.
-hestana'v vai. court under a blanket. refers to the traditional way in which lovers stand together
under a blanket and romantically talk privately. ho'h-hestana'va. He came to court under a blanket. Medial: -'v wife. See: -tonosan.
-hestan'vot vta. take s.o. under a blanket. traditional way of courting: the lovers talking under a
blanket. Nveahts'-hestan'evoxstse! Talk to me under the blanket!
hstanheo'o na. people, mankind, tribe of people.Literally: from.there-person(?)-PL. Some people try
to make this a unique reference to a special people, for example, traditional religionists. TR: people from there, people who belong there, any group of people. probably no sg. hstanheono (alternate plural; less commonly used). Obviative: hstanheho. See: vo'stane; hstnva; manaho.
Hstn'e na. Nation Woman. -hestanen vai. draw (while playing cards). hestannstse Draw! hestanenvxe'stoo'o ni. purchase order. Hstane'e na. Nation Standing Woman. Another translation given for this name has been Stands In
the Wind Woman.
-hestanomev vta. take s.t. from s.o. -hestanomevho. He took it from him. N-hestanomvo. I took it
from him. N-hestanomevontse. I took them (inan.) from him (an.). N-hestanomevnoto mo'hno'hme. I took the horse from him. N-hestanomevtse. I took it from you. Hov'he tsvhekvotse ms-hestanomhehenovhe. Anything that was sharp was taken from them. [1987:59] See: -hestan; -hestanomv.
-hestanomv
vta. take s.t. for s.o.; take s.t. of s.o. N-hestanomvo. I took his (for example, his
position).
hstnva obl. among people; among mankind; in the world; country; state; in life; ma'xetnsthe'e
onthv-hstnova mtanhe'xvhanhe as it has been for many ages and many generations ago. [1987:100] Nt'teno'kha'ho'ose tshno hstnva. I am the highest (sacrifice) here in this world. [1987:239] See: hstanheo'o; hstanovesttse; vo'stanhevesttse.
hestanovhe na. life taker. a kind of monster.Pl: hestanovheo'o. -hstanove vii. be a place for living. tsx-hstanovetse at another place. [1980:57:54] See: hstnva. hstanovesttse ni. life of the people; the people's philosophy. naa ohkevsetanoo'o ta'se nveotsto
hstanovesttse (now people) are in a hurry, like life is rushed (1987:224). netao'o nhso hstanovesttse. ohkho'm'seohtse hov'he Life is like that everywhere. Things die out. (1987:240). [1987:96] vii: -hstanove.
-hestanvohe vai. taken from mother; wean and separate baby from mother. This especially refers to
the unique custom of buffaloes, that the bull calves are weaned at a different time from the female calves, and separated from their mothers. From then on the bull calves travel in the pack with the bulls, not with the cows. -hestanvheo'o They take the children (away) / they wean. Final: -vohe. See: -hestan.
-hstanovsan vai. house sit. See: -vsan. hstanovsne He 'stayed at home and watched the
place' (for example, while the home's owner was gone).
Hesto'h'e ni. Heart River. in South Dakota. -hestotse

vai. born. -hestotse. He was born. va'sv-hestotse. He was born breach. Naa tshne'amhnvse hnx-hestotssesto hesthkeho. And while they were coming twin (boys) were born. [1987:188] See: -anotse; -hesta; tsxhestotsse.
-hsttam vta. regard s.o. as from (there). N-hsttmo. I consider him to be from (there). -hestatamaahe vai. dangerous. Namhne tsx-hestatamaahstove. I'm walking in dangerous places.
(Hymn 130).
hestatamoo'o ni. shoulder. See: mhtatamoo'o. -he-stataneme vai. have a brother (of a female). he-stataneme. She has a brother. tshe-statanmto
the one who is my brother (of female). Possessive: -htatnme; vta: -he-statanm'tov.
-he-statanm'tov vta. have s.o. as brother (of female). he-statanmenoto She has him as brother.
vai: -he-stataneme.
hestatanemo na. her brother. Stem: -htataneme. hestats'o

1 ni. shoulderblade; shoulder (cut of meat). Possessive: -htsstatseo'o.Pl: hestatseontse. See: hestatseko; -htsstats'o; -htatseon; -htatamoo'o. 2 na. Shoulderblade.
hestatseko ni. 1 shoulderblade. See: hestats'o.Pl: hestatkontse.

2 Shoulderblade.
-hestvma' vai. so painted, painted that way. -hestvm'e. He's painted with that ceremonial paint.
fai: -ma'. See: -tnetm'e how painted.
Hestvse ni. Heart Butte. in South Dakota. hestoe- i. strange. hestoe-vo'stane strange person (someone who acts strange). hstoe- pv. from there; originate there. -hstoem'eme. He was told about from that source. See: hstoo'e.
hestoeh'e na. stranger (female). See: nt'e. -hstoehnt

vii. come from (there). -hstoehnto It comes from (for example, there). tsnxhstoehnto where it came from.
hesto'khso na. newborn fawn.Pl: hesto'khesono. Obviative: hesto'khesono. they come in pairs;
they are spotted.Variant: hest'khso.
-hesto'tov vta. 1 reside with s.o.

2 be angry. M-hesto'toehevhe Hevhho. He's angry. [lit., The devil (obv) must live with him.]. See: -txe'h'tov. vai: -hestostove.
Hestoemstaa'e na. Strangeowl. hestonove ni. fruit dish. traditional food, for example, mixed berries; today can be fruit from a can.
See: -hestoenove.
-hestenove vii. be harvest. -hestenove. It is harvest. phv-hestoenove It is a good harvest (for

example, berries or vegetables).
-hstoeotseh vta. from where bring s.o. N-hstoeotshoo'o. That's where I brought them from. See: heotseh.
-hstoeotsests vti. from where bring s.t. tsx-hstoeotsehe where it was brought out (1987:104). -hestostove vai. reside; be at; have residence. See: -hoo'e; he-. ma'heo'o he'ama ts-hestostoveto God,
you who are above (1987:233). vta: -hesto'tov.
Hestetane na. Atsina or Arapaho Gros Ventres person.Literally: (from Mooney) possibly lit. beggars for
meat ??. Pl: Hestetaneo'o.
hestoetane (te?) na. stranger (male). Hstoevhne ?? na. Walking Strange. heste-vo'stane na. stranger. See: notse; -notoveotse.Literally: stranger-person. hesthpv. that amount, however many in number, however much, however the amoun, of that quantity. See: hesthe-; nhesthe-; mhe-. Naa mhmheeotshaehevovhe ts-hesthna'haevse. And they gathered all those they had killed. (1987:43). ts-hesthna'haevse however many they killed. vti. devour s.t.; take all of s.t. ma'x-hesthnvo. They took all of it that they could. ma'x-hestha naotsesttse. He's really sleeping a long time. (lit. he really took a lot of sleep to himself; this is good for brother-in-law teasing). See: -mha'hahts. See: -hesthtoh.
-hestoh1
-hestoh2 vti. reach s.t. by tool. N-hstha. I reached it (for example, under the bed by a broom handle). -hestoh3 vii. so many in number. tsohma'x-hestoha hov'he tsoestonohe of all the many things
which are offered for sacrifices (1987:239). vai: -hestox.
-he-stohatamaahstove vai. have power. he-stohatamaahstove He has power (for example, to

heal; control weather or evil spirits). IndepNoun: hohatamaahesttse.
-hestohe vai. vii. be called that. See: -xhestohe. -hestohe It is called that / he is called that. ohkhestohe 'amho'hesttse' It is called an 'amho'hesttse' (car). ohk-hestohe 'v'ho'e' He is called a 've'ho'e' (whiteman). -hesthnstse 'mheontse' They (inan.) are called 'mheontse'
(houses).
hesthe-
pv. that amount, however many in number, however much, however the amount, of that quantity. Hotm'e nhhe m'hkhoehevhe vo'staneo'o tshs-hestheeevse. Inside (the log) there were people who were growing up. ts-hestheeevse however many were growing up. [(1987:247] See: hesth-.
hesthkhne na. horned toad. Usage: od. -hesthk'haset vai. hooked together during intercourse. This refers to when the dogs are rear to
rear but connected during mating. -hesthk'hasetoo'o. They (esp. dogs) are hooked together.
-hesthnvahe
vai. however many in number; all. probably not used with sg. subject. tsst'tema'x-hesthnvhvse hovhne mhnovhsthetshvhe all the animals had a big
race (1987:245).
-hsthohts
vai. tracks from there. Thhe nx-hsthohtseo'o. Their tracks come from there. hetaneo'o hesstse tsohk-hsthohtsese (homosexual) men where they get (the penis) inserted is in the anus. fai: -ohohts. 2 be on probation; be on parole. -hesth'e. He is on probation.
-hesth'e vai. 1 drag. hestho'-hot'e na. ox.Literally: pulling-buffalo. Usage: probably not well known by many speakers
today.
-hesthov
vta. wave at s.o. -hesthovho. He waved at him. Naa nhe kse'eheho sthesthovvsesto. And those young women waved at (the deer). (1980:7:43). fai: -ohov. See: hethov.
hesthp'hnto ni. afterbirth sac, placenta; "baby bag". this is prepared and eaten. See: hsta'he. -hesthpo'hanotsvees vai. have pockmarked nose. -hesthpo'hanotsvese. He has a pockmarked
nose.
-hesthtan vti. reach s.t. -hesthtna. He could reach it.

vta. reach s.o. See: -hestan.
-hesthtotse vai. cramps in abdomen. -hesthtotse. He has cramps in his abdomen. -hesthtoh vti. reach s.t. by tool. See: -hestoh; -hestan. -hesththa He reached it by tool. hesththepv. be of such (for example, age). ohkenhehne'ennvo ts-hesththeanamvse that's how they kept track of (knew) their ages (in the family) (1987:32). See: -nhesthe. hesththeomenhvse as they (the family of the man) lived by that (pity) (1987:302).
-hesththeomenehe vai. however many lived that way. See: -ho'omenehe; -heshtx; -ome. tsv-he-sththeomenehe vai. have however many in the lodge. tsv-hesththeomenhvse as they
(family of the man) lived by that (pity) (1987:302). See: tnsthe-; -tnstxe.
-hesthtoh(n) vta. reach s.o. by tool. -hesththnho. He reached him by tool. vti: -hesthtoh. -hesthtxe vai. be so as in family groups. only used with plural subjects. -hesthtxeo'o. They (an.)
are as in family groups. Nhtanha'ee'amemano'vo'stanhvme ts-hesthtxtse. We will continue to live together as family groups. (1987:105).Variant: -hestxe.
-hestohts vti. perform s.t. t-hesthtsnvo. They perform it (in the Sun Dance). ?? [1987:210] vai: hestsan. See: -amo'etahe.
-hsto'hotse vai. run from there. nx-hsto'hotse He ran from there to here (cislocative /neh-/
gives 'here' meaning).
-hsto'a'h vii. blow by wind from there. for example, where was the paper blown from? Tsa'e hsto''ha? Where did it blow from? See: -hst.
-hsto'a'xe vai. blow by wind from there. Tsa'e n-hsto'a'xe? Where did you blow from? (humorous
teasing said to s.o. who, for example, runs fast into your house). Final: -a'xe.
-hesto'aov
vta. allot land to s.o., gift deed land to s.o. -hesto'aovho. He alloted land to him. [PD34]Literally: cause s.o. to have land.
-he-sto'e vai. have land. -hesto'e. He has land. ten'seto tsx-he-sto'se Jim Burns over the hill from
Jim Burns' place. [1987:31] Nv'evestomo'he tsx-hesto'to. I asked (for a loan) using my land (as collateral). IndepNoun: ho'e; Possessive: -hto'e. See: ho'e; -hto'e.
hesto'e ni. his land. IndepNoun: ho'e land. See: -hto'e land (poss.). -hsto'e'tov vta. suffer for s.o. -hsto'e'tovho. He suffered for him. See: -hsto'omenh'tov. -hsto'em vta. revile s.o.; tease s.o. esp. teasing too much about mistakes. -hsto'eemo. He teased
him too much. See: -na'so'em.
-he-sto'emanstove vai. have authority. he-sto'emanstove. He has legal authority. See: -ho'eman; hatamaahe.
-hesto'emov vta. order s.o. to be held back. -hesto'emovho. He ordered him to be held back. -hest'en vti. aim it, draw back s.t. (esp. bowstring). can be used of aiming a gun or of drawing back
the bowstring of a bow. -hest'na. He's drawing it (pulling bowstring back with arrow).
hesto'eo'o ni. his garden. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -hto'eo'o garden (poss.); ho'e land; -hto'e land
(poss.).
hesto'vhktse ni. his meat. IndepNoun: ho'vohktse. See: -hto'vohktse meat (poss.). -hesto'honhkame vai. have gallstones. -hesto'honhkame. He has gallstones. Usage: probably loan
transl.. Notes (Phonology) /he-/ 'have' + /hto'honhk/ 'stone' + /-ame/ FAI See: he- have; ho'honhke stone.
hest'khso na. newborn fawn.Pl: hest'khesono. Obviative: hest'khesono. they come in pairs; they
are spotted.Variant: hesto'khso. See: vhkotsevhso.
-hsto'omenehe vai. suffer from. See: -ho'omenehe. -hsto'omenehe He suffered (on account of?).
tav'-hsto'omenhnvo They are killed from (liquor) (1987:61).
-hsto'omenhe'tov vta. suffer for s.o. -hsto'omenh'tovho. He suffered for him/he expiated for
him.
-hsto'omenh'tov
vta. suffer for s.o. Nme'nv'-hsto'omenhnoto. I can suffer for them
because of that.
-hsto'omenhvomotah vta. suffer instead of s.o. -hsto'omenhvomothho. He suffered for (in

place of) him.
-hsto't vta. talk about some from there. -hsto'oto. He talked about him from there. hest'toe'ono na. Kentucky twist (chewing tobacco). -hest'toen vti. braid s.t. -hest'tona. He braided it.
vta. braid s.o. -hest'tonho He braided him (for example, a shirt). -hest'toene. it/he is woven. See: -no'o'tnha.
-hest'toenen vai. weave. -hesto'toenne. She's weaving. -hest'toen' vai. crochet.Literally: weave-sew. -hest'toen'e. He's crocheting. -hest'tonoh
vti. braid s.t. by tool. -hesto'tonha. He braided it. he'tn-hest'tonhomvse however they wove them (1987:3:9). See: -phvo'tonoh.
Hest'tonhve'ho'e na. Chinese.Pl: Hest'tonhv'h'e. See: Nma''o'tonhve'ho'e; Khanhe. Hest'tonhevshe na. Braided Locks.Literally: braided-hair-person. Variant: Hest'tonovshe. -hest'tonoh(n)
vta. braid hair of s.o. -hest'tonhnho. He braided his (someone else's) hair. hest'tonhnho hevxaho. He's braiding his grandchild's hair. -hest'tonhestse. He braided his (own) hair. -hest'tonohe. He is braided (has braided hair). 'hkeemohest'tonhnvsesto hetaneo'o tsvstoemvose. Men used to braid their wives' hair in the morning. Antonym: -sva'n. Notes (Phonology) This entry is one of several which often is transcribed as having a high pitch on the vowel immediately preceding the glottal stop ('). Some speakers, in some contexts, do seem to have a pitch value higher than the expected low pitch on such a vowel. It is not a true phonemic high pitch, but rather a kind of phonetic (surface) pitch change, the raise occurring because of the greater throat constriction due to the following glottal stop. We shall call this phenomenon Glottal Raising (GR). Some other forms which sometimes experience GR (and hence will, in some corpora, have
high pitches recorded) are: ma'xe- 'big', -hesta'amas 'wound s.o. by shooting', -oto'xovahe 'be capable', ts-'hosta 'cliff', -tsheta'ovo'ham (esp. the first /a/) 'herd cattle', -nhpo'an 'close s.t./s.o'.
-hest'tonhomo'he vai. dance braid dance (for example, Maypole dance). -hest'tonhomo'he. He
danced the braid (for example, Maypole) dance.
hest'tono'khantse ni. snowshoes; sandles. See: mo'keha.Literally: braided-shoes. Hest'tonovshe

na. Braidy Locks.Literally: braided-hair-person. Brady.Variant: Hest'tonhevshe. -hest'tova'hhtse. He twisted it into one.
origin
of
family
name
-hest'tova'hahts vti. throw twist s.t. Can refer to twisting two different Cheyenne words into one. -hest'tova'ham vta. throw twist s.o. Hesto'tova'hamameha! Pitch him a spinner ball! -hest'tovan vti. weave s.t., twist s.t. -hest'tovna. He is weaving it.
vta. weave s.o. -hest'tovanho. He is weaving him. (for example, a blanket).
-hest'tovenestse vai. twist speaking, slang speak. -hest'tovenestse. He's speaking in a slangy way. hestom- i. hold back; hinder; prevent. Etymology: *wentam-. -hestomh'en vai. hindered by cooking. -hestomh'ne. She's hindered by her cooking. -hestomahe vai. hindered, prevented. -hestomahe. He is prevented / hindered. for example, can't work
because of some problem. See: -hehpeotse. Etymology: cf. ondamitaa (N) 'he is busy'.
-hestomho'he vai. prevented by heat. -hestomho'he. He is hindered by the heat; he doesn't want to
go anywhere he's so hot.
-hestoma'ov vta. keep s.o. at bay, prevent s.o. -hestoma'ovho. He kept him at bay. See: -hestomo'eh. -hestoman
vta. prevent; hold back; hinder s.o. See: -hestomo'eh; -hoont. Antonym: -amhtov. hestomanho. He prevented/hindered/held back him.
-hestome'e vai. hindered by drinking. -hestome'e. He's hindered by being drunk. hestome- pv. prevent, hinder, hold back. N-hestomhotse'ohe. My work prevents me (for example,
from doing something else). -hestomhe'phtove. "Don't bother them, they are smoking.".
-hestomman vai. barn sour, will not go, hold back. said of a horse that refuses to cooperate. hestommne. He's barn sour.
-hestomemohe vai. strain not to go. -hestomemohe. He was straining not to go. fai: -mohe. -hestome'e vai. stand prevented. -hestome'e. He's too busy standing there. fai: -. -hestomeotse vai. hindered. -hestomeotse. He was hindered. See: -hestomahe. -hestomee vai. lie hindered. -hestome. He's lying hindered. that is, lying there with no time for
anything else.
-hestometan vai. lag behind. -hestometno. He's lagging behind. because he doesn't want to go. See: hestomahe; -nvahe; -pop'etan.
-hestometan'tov
vta. prevent s.o. mentally. -hestometan'tovho He prevented him/he stopped him/he hindered him. Tstshsthese ohk-hestometan'tovhtseo'o Cheyennes pull each other down (social leveling).
-hestomo'eh vta. hinder s.o.; hold back s.o., prevent s.o., push aside s.o. for example, hinder s.o. from
getting his work done, or not care about s.o., such as the black sheep in a family. hestomo'eeho. He hindered/held back him. Nv'-hestomo'eee! Don't hold me back! See: hestoma'ov.
-hestomo'enohe vai. hindered by eating. -hestomo'enohe. He is sluggish from eating. fai: -o'enohe.
See: -n'so'enohe; -nomono'enohe.
-hestomomhtahe
vai. prevented by sickness, hindered by sickness. -hestomomhtahe. He was prevented (from doing something) by sickness.
-hestomov vai. Final: -ov.be hindered by rain. -hestomva He was hindered by rain (for example,
couldn't drive through).
-hestomose vai. hindered by cold. -hestomose. He is hindered by the cold/he is held back by cold.
Final: -ose.
-hestomotse'ohe vai. hindered by work. N-hestomotse'ohe. I was hindered by work. -he-stnhamone vai. have a niece. he-stnhamone He has a niece. tshe-stnhamonto the one
who is my niece/stepdaughter.
-he-stnhamon'tov vta. have s.o. as niece. he-stnhamonnoto He has her as niece. hestnhamono
na. his/her niece; his/her stepdaughter. This is a man's brother's daughter or a woman's sister's daughter. She is not called "niece" in English in the Cheyenne system. Instead, she can be called "daughter.". See: he'hameho his/her cross-niece; hee'hahamono his/her nephew/stepson.
-he-stnahe vai. have a daughter. -he-stnahe He has a daughter. ts-he-stnhto the one who is my
daughter. Possessive: -htona; vta: -he-stonh'tov.
-he-stnh'tov vta. have s.o. as daughter. Nhe-stnhentse. She is my daughter. (male voice) N-hestnh'tova. I am her daughter. he-stnhnoto. He has her as daughter. Possessive: -htona; vai: -he-stnahe.
hestnaho na. his/her daughter(s). Stem: -htnah. -hestonahe vai. be damp. -hestonahe. He's damp. See: -he'kov. -hestonee vai. lie where it is damp. -hestone. He is lying where it is damp. hestone'ontse ni. his pieces of clothing.Sg: hestone'oo'o. See: -htone'oo'o piece of clothing (poss.);
hone'oo'o piece of clothing.
-hestono'o vii. be damp. -hestono'o. It's damp. sa-hestono'hane. It's not damp. Notes (Phonology)
not vs
-he-stonvhkone vai. have drymeat. he-stonvhkone. He has drymeat. See: honvhko; -honva. hestonvn'e ni. pole on which sliced meat is hung to dry. See: honvhko; hesvvn'e. -hestoo'e vii. occur. to's-hestoo'e. It's going to occur (at that time). -hstoo'e
vai. related from there. mhmomonhevhevhe mh=ta'se=hstoehehevhe. They were captives, they were, like, imprisoned from that. [1987:40] Notes (Phonology) vs hstoo'emanese Congress (lit. those who make laws from Washington). See: -ho'eman.
-hstoo'eman vai. make laws from there. -hstoo'emne. He made laws from there. Vetaeno ts-hstoo'emov
vta. make laws from there for s.o. esp. refers to Washington, D.C. tshnxhstoo'emntse from where they make laws for us (1987:39).
-hstoo'eeh vta. rear; raise s.o. as descendant from; parent s.o. -hstoo'eehho He raised him (that
is, child-raising). ts-hstoo'eehaeee'e your (pl) parents (lit. those who raised you). neologism ?
-hstoo'ee'e
vai. reared from there. See: -ee'e. tsx-hstoo'ee'e where his family background (raising/rearing) was from (Stamper 1991:8). ts-hstoo'to where I grew up. tshstoo'tse where we grew up / our parent(s). Notes (Phonology) vs vta: -hstoo'eeh. ni. his home. Usage: newer usage than hvntse. See: hvntse his home; ho'htsesttse home. vnove.
-hstoo'ee'tov vta. descend from s.o. (nx)-hstoo'ee'tovho He descended (is raised from?) him. hesto'htsesttse
-he-sto'htsstove vai. have a home. sa-he-sto'htsstvhe. He doesn't have a home. See: -he-hstooma vai. have bed there. v'htma me't-hstooma ts'the this (dog) would have the honored
place (1987:259).
-hstoomaa'e vai. have bed (over there) ?? -hstoomaa'e. He has his bed over there. Notes (Phonology)
vs See: homa; -hestoomee'e.
hstoomaesttse ni. bedding.Variant: hstoomtse. See: eesttse. -hestooman vai. make bedding. -hestoomne. He made the bedding, arranged his bedding. [1987:269]
-hestoomov vta. put blanket over s.o. -hestoemovho. He put a blanket over him. IndepNoun: homa.
See: -hvo'en; -homa'ov.
-he-stoome
vai. wear shawl, have on a blanket. -hestoome. She has (on) a shawl (or blanket). IndepNoun: homa. See: -nhoomn; nhoomohts. vai. sit covered by blanket. -hestoomee'e. He's sitting covered by a blanket. See: hstoomaa'e. hestomo'-hohpe juneberry bark tea.Variant: hestoomo'e.
-hestoomee'e
hestoomo'ke ni. bark (of bush). it is a bush's "robe"; folk etymology ?? See: hetone'ke. hetan-men'hstoomtse
ni. bedding (on ground); bed fixtures. Usage: obsolescent.Variant: hstoomaesttse. Pl: hstoemtsstse. See: hvo'esttse; hooma; eesttse.
-hestsan vti. drag s.t. -hestsna. He's dragging it. for example, using a car to drag s.t. -hestsan vai. go through Sun Dance as a pledger. -hestsne. He's going through the Sun Dance as a
pledger.Variant: -hestsen. See: -nheto'xev; -hoxh'ev; -voneehn.
-hestshahts vti. drag s.t. for example, using a pickup to pull a car. -hestshhtse. He dragged it. -hestshasen
vai. drag. -hestshasne. He's dragging. for example, pulling things on a trailer
behind a car.
-hestsem vta. drag s.o. See: -amstsem. -hestsemho. He dragged him (for example, a tree or deer).
vti: -hestshahts.
-hestsen
vai. go through the Sun Dance. -hestsne. He vowed (in the Sun Dance).Variant: hestsan.
Hestsenesttse ni. Sun Dance. See: Hoxhevhom'hesttse.Variant: Hestsanesttse. -he-stotame vai. have cattle. -he-stotame. He has/owns cattle. Possessive: -htotame. See: -htotsh. hestotamo na. his cattle. Stem: -htotame. See: hestovamo his co-in-law(s). -he-stotshe vai. have a pet. esp. about having a horse as a pet. N-he-stotsehe. I have a pet. Mst-hestotshehevhe. They owned horses (1987:28). naa nhkheo'o nme'-he-stotshenneo'o and we would have pet bears (1987:259). Nvhe ts-hestotseestse? Whose pet (esp. horse) is that? Possessive: -htotsh.
-he-stotsh'tov vta. have s.o. as pet. Nhe-stotshentse He is my pet. hovnee'e esa-he-stotshehnoto

ts'the ekseho no one owns these (for example, stray) dogs. Possessive: -htots.
hestotseho na. his pet. Stem: -htotsh. hstov- i. both sides. hstova'he na. two-faced person. See: hstova'khe; hstvthke. -hstova'ehe vai. 1 two-headed. -hstova'(k)ehe. He is two-headed.
2 fig., duplicitious; two-faced.
hstova'khe na. two-headed monster. See: hstova'he; hstvthke. hestovamo na. his co-in-law(s). This would be a person (or persons) who is the parent of one's childin-law. Stem: -htovame. See: hestotamo his cattle.
hstvthke na. two-faced being. Some kind of monster; it had a face in front and one in back. See: hstoveotse. Synonym: hstova'he.
-he-stovvome vai. have co-in-laws(s). he-stovvome. He has co-in-laws. tshe-stovvnto the one
who is my co-in-law.
-he-stovvom'tov vta. have s.o. as co-in-law. See: -htovme. Nhe-stovvomentse. He's my co-in-law.
Nhe-stovvom'tova. I am his in-law. he-stovvom'tovhtseo'o. They are in-laws. This refers to the relationship of all the parents of two spouses to each other. he-stovvomenoto. He has
them/him as co-in-law.
hstove- pv. both ways. -hstoveamehtse. He walked on both sides. hstove p. either side, both sides. Mxhomoehevhe Tstshsthese hstove. The Cheyenne ambushed
them on either side.
-hstovheseehe vai. indispensable, pulled in two different directions. -hstovheseehe. He is needed

everywhere.
-hstoveotse vai. undecided. -hstoveotse. He is undecided. See: -hstovetan; -hetseveotse. -hstovst vti. undecided about s.t. -hstovsta. He is undecided about it. N-hstovstnne. We
couldn't decide/we debated. See: -hstovetan.
-hstovetan
vai. undecided; hesitate. -hstovetno. He is undecided. htsstovetan; -nxa'etan; -t'hetan; -ononvetan.
See: -hstoveotse; -
-he-stovaham'tov vta. have s.o. as guest. See: -nho'htsv. Nhe-stovaham'tova I am his guest.
Nhe-stovahamentse He's visiting me/he is my guest. Nhe-stovaham't'e I'm visiting them.
hestovo'ko na. mushroom.Pl: hestovo'kono. Obviative: hestovo'kono. See: mo'ko. hestovonen-hotoa'e na. Medial: -onen.double-row-of-teeth-animal (monster). See: hotoa'e; mhne. hestovo'tse ni. his ear.Pl: hestovoottse. Hestovoottse nmanvaentse. I'll make you ears! (= I'll
teach you how to listen). See: nhtovo'tse; -htovo'tse.
hstovoma p. on both sides of the water. for example, on both sides of a river or lack. See: hstove-;
'hma; homa.
-he-stovotse vai. 1 have ear(s). See: -htovoo'tse. -he-stovotse He has ears.

2 fig. (used with a negative) be foxy, conniving, cunning. sav'n-he-stovootshe He's so
foxy that all he lacks is ears (lit. He just doesn't have ears). (The idea behind this idiom is that if he had ears he'd be totally foxy.). taomhts-he-stovotse He's so foxy that all he lacks is ears (lit. With difficulty he has his own ears). (This verb has the same idiomatic meaning as the preceding one.).
Hestovotsme'hahtse na. Sideburns. See: -htovoo'tse.Literally: ear-beard. hestx- i. last; behind. -hestxahe vai. last, behind. -hestxahe. He's last. can be said of a man who is not boss of his family. -hestxho'he vai. last drive. -hestxho'he. He's the last one in the line of cars driving. -hestxa'haso'he vai. ride horse last. -hestxa'haso'he. He's the last one in line riding horse. -hestxan vta. put s.o. last. -hestxanho He put him last/he put him behind. See: -hestxeto; vove-; vovan.
-hestxe fai. so many in number. ts-hestxvse however many they were in number. fii: -hestoha.
Usage: This pronunciation is more common than -hesthtxe..Variant: -hesthtxe.
hestxe- pv. last. Ttseha hovneehhe ovehovnee'e hehme -hestxhovneehho. Long ago she
died, she died first; her husband died after (her). [1987:110] See: h'xe.
-hestxee'e vai. sit behind. for example, in back of car or wagon. -hestxee'e. He's sitting in the back.
hestxee'stse Sit in back!/Get in the back of the car! [1987:156] Notes (Phonology) vs
-hestxehn vai. 1 walk behind; walk last. -hestxhne. He's walking behind (idiom for henpecked
husband). See: -ho'xehn. Antonym: -vovehn. 2 fig., be a henpecked spouse. esp. said of a henpecked husband.
Hestxhne na. Walks Last. Hestxhnstse na. Walks Last. -hestxho'eohts vai. arrive last. -hestxho'ehtse. He came in last. See: -hestxo'eohts. Hestxhot'e na. Last Bull. hestxe'sn'o ni. his bustle. IndepNoun: hxe'sn'o. -hestxe'han vai. eat last. -hestxe'hna. He's eating last. Cheyenne chiefs are the last ones to eat, as
a sign of their taking care of their people.
Hestxe'on'e na. Last Pipe Woman; Last Pipestem Woman. See: he'oo'o; He'onv'e. hestxem'one in the back; behind. for example, of a car. Hestxem'one n''evonhnstse! Get in the
back (for example, of a car or pickup)! [1987:27, 277]
-hestxemohe vai. last run, run last. -hestxemohe. He was the last one running. fai: -mohe. Hestxenhkohe na. Last Bear. Hestxena'hne na. Kills Last; Last Kills; Last Killer. Hestxena'han'e na. Kills Last Woman. -hestxeohts vai. walk behind. -hestxehtse. He walked behind. -hestxe'e vai. stand last. -hestxe'e. He is standing last in line. fai: -. -hestxee vai. lie in back. -hestxe. He's lying in the back. hestxeto p. behind; back. See: ho'xe. -hestxeve vai. be behind; be last. -hestxeve. He is behind. -hestxvtan
vai. be behind; last in mind. Nv'novhe'tanme mshnstva, onset'ha'eta nethoestovevoo'o, ons-hestxvtno mshnstva! Don't race in craziness, try to stop your mounts (that is, horses), try to come in last in terms of craziness! (= Don't live a hurried, crazy life!)
-hestxvt vii. be last. -hestxvto It is last/it is behind. -hestxoh(n)

vta. behind s.o. -hestxhnho. She/He is walking behind him. Cheyenne women traditionally walk behind their husbands. See: -h'e'ov. vai. Medial: -'(e).arrive last by wagon. See: -hestxho'eohts. -hestxo'ehtse He came in last driving a team (for example, of horses).
-hestxo'eohts
hestxo'hantse na. spleen.Pl: hestxo'hanoto. The spleen of animals is prepared and eaten. -hestxxe'ohe hestsevii. written last. ts-hestxxe'ohe that which is the last (thing) written. Synonym: ho'xxe'he. i. wound; bruise; bloodshot. -hestseotse. It is bloodshot. N-hestsmo. I wounded him by talking. -hestsestse. He wounded it by pulling. -hestsenaehho. He caused him to be bloodshot.
hestse ni. his mouth. See: ma-htse. hestseamxsto p. on the right side. Antonym: henamssto. Usage: obsolescing. -hestseests vti. wound s.t. by pulling. -hestsestse. He wounded it by pulling. -hestsevhevo'tonohe
vai. have a braid lock. worn along with four braids around the head. hestsevhevo'tonohe He has a braid lock on the top of his head. IndepNoun: hhv'xe; Possessive: -htshv'xe. See: honeanto.
hestshv'xe ni. his tail; his handle. This word can also be used to refer to the tail (handle) of a skillet. -he-stshev'xt have a handle.Literally: have a tail. This refers to the kind of handle on a cooking
pan which sticks straight out horizontally, for example, on a skillet. -hestshev'xto It has a handle. See: honeanto.
-he-stshvaov
vta. appropriate (something) for s.o. -hestshvaovahtse. He appropriated it for himself/'he owned it for himself'. See: -hestshove.
-he-stshove vai. vti. have s.o., own s.o., possess s.t. N-hestshove. That's my stuff. -hestshove. He
owns it. N-hestshventse They (inan.) belong to me (they are my things); he (an.; for example, a blanket) is mine. N-hestshvnne that is ours (excl.). -hestshvnvo that is theirs. Hestshovstse! Take it as your own! Nvhe tshestshovstse Whose are these things? vta: -he-stshve'tov. See: he-; -htshtse; -'en; -ho'ts; -ho'h.
-he-stshve'tov vta. have s.o. as a possession; own s.o.; possess s.o. Nhe-stshventse. He is mine
(that is, I have him as a possession). -hesthvenoto. He owns him/he belongs to him. N-hestshvenoto. They (an.) are my things. See: -'en own s.o.; -ho'h have s.o..
-he-stse'eme
vai. have intercourse, copulate.Literally: have a woman (that is, wife). The original, historical meaning was 'to have a woman (i.e. wife), but now the primary meaning is 'to have intercourse.'. -hestse'eme. He had intercourse. vta: -he-stse'm'tov; Synonym: -he-veve; IndepNoun: h'e; Antonym: -hehame. See: -he-ste'eme; -htse'eme; -he'e.
-he-stse'me'tov vta. copulate with s.o., have intercourse with s.o., screw s.o. Originally meant 'have
s.o. as wife (lit. woman)'. The term semantically narrowed to refer to the sexual relations between a man and wife; today it seems that the term is used exclusively for having intercourse with s.o.. Some speakers today say that this word should not be used for the meaning 'have s.o. as wife'. Because of the etymology of this term, speakers can still make plays on the word, as when a man says, nphvhestse'mentse 'I have a good wife,' but he wants hearer to think of the more usual meaning, 'I had intercourse with her.'. he-stse'menoto. He has her as wife/he had intercourse with her. Nhe-stse'me'tova. He had intercourse with me. Nhe-stse'mentse. I had intercourse with her. IndepNoun: h'e; Possessive: -htse'eme. See: -he-vv'tov.
-he-stse'meots'tov
vta. have intercourse with s.o., screw s.o. he-stse'meotsnoto. He had intercourse with her. st-hestse'meotsnhoono nhe v'h'e. (The rabbit) screwed that whiteman. [Croft 1988:24:23] See: -he-stse'me'tov.
-he-stse'mtan vai. want a woman. typically implies sexual desire. -hestse'mtno. He wants a
wife/a woman.
hestse'emo
na. his wife, his wives.Literally: his-woman. Usage: obsolescing; avoided today since it sounds "nasty", too similar to the verb for 'have intercourse'; today tsvstoemose 'his/her spouse' is much more commonly used.
hestse'kest ni. her genitalia (poss.); her vagina (poss.). Possessive: -htse'kest; Stem: -'kest2. -he-stse'kone vai. have leg(s). Nsa-he-stse'konhe You don't have legs. (from PEYOTE.TXT). Hests'oon'hhe na. Elbow Woman. hests'oono na. 1 his elbows. See: -hts'oon elbow (med.).
2 armature. gramm. pl.
-hests'oonoh(n) vta. elbow s.o. -hests'oonhnho. He elbowed him. hestse'otse'ko ni. neck. See: he'tse; he'otse'ko. hestse'petse loc. rib area (on the side). See: hestse'pva. hestse'pva loc. on the rib(s). See: hestse'petse. IndepNoun: he'pe. -hestsem vta. wound s.o. by talking. N-hestsmo I wounded him by talking. -hestsem vta. bring s.o. by speaking; take s.o. by speaking. -hestsemho. He brought him by speaking.
See: -hesem.
Hestsem'eme na. His Blood. See: -htsem'eme; ma'e. hestsem'eme -m'seohtsetse vii. be anemic. anemic.Literally: the blood (of him) is disappearing.
Hestsem'eme -m'seohtsetse.
He
is
-he-stsemene vai. have wing(s). -he-stsemene He (for example, bird) is winged (or has wings).
hotse'ono ts-he-stsemenese angels (lit. workers with wings). IndepNoun: mee'e.
hestsemenhatseke
na. winged Obviative: hestsemenhatkeho.
ant.
See: htseke.Pl: hestsemenhatkeho.
-hestsenaeh vta. bruise s.o. seems to particularly refer to being bloodshot. h'themo nme'taonhxhestsenaho if I startle him I might cause him to be bloodshot (1987:320).
hestsne ni. his face, her face. Usage: od. Stem: -htsne. -he-stsenen'same vai. have nits. he-stsenen'same He has nits. Possessive: -htsenen'same; Initial: be
evil (like the devil), be crazy.
-hestsenoh(n) vta. bruise s.o. by tool. See: -hestsenaeh. -hestsenhnho He bruised him. -hestseotse vai. bloodshot.
vii. bloodshot. -hestseotse. It/He is bloodshot.
-he-stsskveotse vai. have goose bumps (goose-pimples). refers to having the feeling of fear up the
spine. N-hestsskveotse. I have goose-pimples. See: -hekve'pa'onotse.
hestssta ni. his heart. Stem: -htsest; IndepNoun: hsta. -he-stsstahe vai. 1 have a heart. sa-hestssthhe. He has no heart.
2 emotionless; uncompassionate. See: -htha; hsta; -nanne; -m'emo'eh.
hestssta'he
ni. his umbilical cord. nhtsna hestssta'he. He's looking for his umbilical cord. (a humorous expressing referring to someone who is rooting around for things).
hestsstne na. on his heel. See: -htsesto. hestsettse

na. kidney.Pl: heststato. *weto:0e0wali his kidney (??). Obviative: heststato; Possessive: -htsstsettse. Etymology:
heststx-veta ni. kidney fat. heststx-vetke ni. kidney fat. See: vetke 'fat'.Variant: possibly heststats-vetke. Kidney fat is
used in bed fixtures of altar of Sun Dance.
hestsetohko ni. his dish. Possessive: -htsetohko; IndepNoun: hetohko. -he-stsevvee vai. have horns; have antlers. sounds nasty due to similarity in sound to -he-veve. -hestsevvee. He has horns. Mto's-he-stsevvhhe. He's about to grow horns. (fig. =he's "crazy"). taomhts-he-stsevvee. He's so evil. (= like a devil; lit. He almost sprouted horns.). See: vevstse horn/antler; -he-veve have intercourse.
hestsevveto na. his horn(s). Possessive: -htsevevstse; IndepNoun: vevstse. hestsevoxe ni. his den; His Den. an alternate name for the Hma'e (Beaver) constellation. Possessive: htsevoxe; IndepNoun: voxe. See: hma'e.
-he-stsevoxe
vai. have a den. tsa'e ts'e-he-stsevxvse hom'e wherever the beavers had lodges (1987:275). IndepNoun: voxe; Possessive: -htsevoxe.
hste p. male exclamation. Hste?! Tsa'e msho'htsstvnstse? How come?! Where could they
have all gone? Usage: This pronunciation, with the palatalization of k to t, is regarded as the historically older male pronunciation..Variant: hke. See: hmehe; eaa; noo.
he- i. that way. See: het-. hee- pv. how, that. acts something like a complementizer when in conjunct clauses which are objects
of certain verbs, for example, -hne'en 'know'. Naa em'shovneeheo'o ma'hhkseho tsnhne'enose ts-heem'o Hna'e hne vhonema'kaata. And the old people are all gone who knew that Swan was the one that found that gold. (1987:19). Nhkhe-stse'henhe heevhe. He is named Bear Shirt. (lit. bear-shirt he is so named). hnhsesto tsto'sheevaaseohtsvse tsto's-heevanoo'htshatse. They said that they were going to leave, that they were going to leave us. (1987:14). Hohtvav'h'e hnhetaesesto tshehov'hanhetse khkonheo'o. The clerk told her that there was no bread. (1987:178). N'evsthmo tsohk-het'hovhonstovetse. I helped him to put up the tepee. (1987:179). Mhnstomnhhe ts-hetoo'hvse. He heard that they were in jail. (1987:182). Thhe hk'e tsa'e hoh'e mst-hehtoo'hehevhe. Far away somewhere they were taken to prison. (1987:185). Mxho'nhene'enovovhtse ts-heenehovse nhhe ts-heevshstaese They didn't know that it was him, that he was from (their group). (1987:292). tsheephvanmo the way I am fixing it. Etymology: *ei. acts as a relator prenoun (probably meaning something like 'such'), in conjunction with a relator pronoun, as seen in the examples in this entry where hee- is prefixed to a noun. Initial: het-. heovestse hee-v'kseho various kinds of birds. naa heovestse he-hovhne mhmnh'oehevhe and different kinds of animals were sitting in a line (1987:246). Ho'honva st-heev'hahtshoono ksovaheho. The young men went along there to the mountain. [JOURNEY.TXT] tshee- points to new information. theenmne He sang this way ... Notes (Phonology) assimilation of [s] to [] forms may appear in listing under tshee... or thee... stat-heeashoo'o nhhe He went towards there (1987:285). in combination with the verb 'give', has meaning of 'send': See: hee-; hse-; te-; ts-; n-. Nsahne'enovhe tsa'e tssto'st-heem't'se. I don't know where he will send me. nhee- refers to a preceding discourse context. ohken-hehne'ennvo tshestheanamvse. That's how they kept track of (knew) their (own) ages. (1987:32).
-heeh
vta. treat s.o. that way. See: -nhe'tov. nhe'e m'osaneenhtssthehevhe ts't=he'eo'o hva tstae-heeehaevse ts't=ntxv'h'e then these ladies were asked how they had been
treated by these soldiers (1987:57).
he p. in the sun. Usage: obsolescing. He hoo'e. He's sitting in the sun. -he-ehe vai. have a maternal uncle. he-ehe. He has a maternal uncle. vta: -he-h'tov; NounStem: -eh.
-he-h'tov vta. have s.o. as maternal uncle. Nhe-hentse. He's my maternal uncle. he-hnoto.
He has him as maternal uncle. See: -hhamone'tov.
heeho na. his/her maternal uncle. See: hhamono his/her paternal uncle (or stepfather). Stem: -eh. heehpe rump. he'e ni. dirt.Variant: he'ke. hee'mheo'o ni. sod house.Literally: dirt-house. Hee'veeshe na. Dusty Nose. -hee'veh vii. lie dusty, dusty lie. -hee'vha. It's collecting dust. Hee'vhahthe na. Dusty Foot.Variant: Hee'kvhahthe. -hee'vn vai. dirty face. -hee'vne. He has a dirty face. See: -ho'sotsn. Hee'venhee'he na. Dirt Face Moon; March (or maybe April). possible alternative month name.
See: Ponom'hasenee'he.
-hee'venno'e vii. look dusty, look muddy. -hee'venno'e. It looks dusty. fii: -nno'e. -hee'venohe vai. appear dirty, look dirty. xxamaemhe-hee'venohhoo'o. He was just all dirty
(pret). (1987:70).Variant: -hee'kvenohe. fai: -nohe.
-hee'vsne vai. wear dirty clothes. -hee'vsne. He's wearing dirty clothes. -hee'vee vai. lie dusty, lie dirty. -hee've. He's lying dusty. -hee'vee vai. lie dusty, dusty lie. for example, of a dog. -hee've. He's collecting dust. -hee'vomhtahe vai. feel dirty, feel dusty. -hee'vomhtahe. He feels dirty. fai: -omhtahe. -hee'voome vii. be dirty water. -hee'voome. The water is dirty. -hee'hahe vai. have such a voice. -hee'hahe He has such a voice. Medial: -e'hahe. -hee'hah't vti. how vocables are sung for s.t. Nhmtseo'o tsto's-hee'hah'tohe Give me how the
vocables are going to be sung for it. (1987:156). fai: -e'hahe. See: -non.
-he'hahtxe vai. toward/by the feet of s.o. sthmstoeotshoo'o ts-he'hahtxse She sat down by
his feet. [VISION.TXT]
-hee'han
vai. eat that way. Nhhpo -hee'hna mt'easevoonhhe. Absolutely all of his food that's how he ate; he must have been starved. fai: -'han.
-hee'hanotse vai. eat that way. -hee'hanotse he ate that way. takes some relative word preceding it. he'ke 1 ni. dirt; dust. Etymology: *aikiwi (correct etymon??). Notes (Phonology) iahVariant: he'e.
2 na. Dust.
-hee'kmea'xe vai. dusty smell. -hee'kmea'xe. He has a dusty smell. -hee'keve vii. vai. dirty. that is, to have dirt on it. -hee'keve. It is dirty/it is dusty/he is dirty. See: tsvan.
Hee'kvhahthe na. Dusty Foot.Variant: Hee'vhahthe. Hee'kvnhe na. Dusty Face (Moon); March.Variant: Hee'venehe. possible alternative month name. Hee'kvnstse
Dirt In the Face (Moon), October. possible alternative month name.
See: Se'm'omev-ee'he; Se'en-ee'he.
-hee'kvenohe vai. look dirty. Mxho'nhene'enomvhtse tsto'sheee-hee'kvenohvse. They

did not know that they were going to get dirty (1987:69).Variant: -hee'venohe.
-hee'kvsts'e vai. Medial: -hts.have dirt in hair. -hee'kvsts'e He has dirt in his hair. -hee'kvoome vii. dirty water, muddy water. -hee'kvoome. It's dirty (or muddy) water. -he'tov vta. do that to s.o. No'omohtomovo ts-he't'se I'm overlooking what he did to me. vai: hev.
-heemohe vai. run there. ... -heemohe ... that's where he's running to. fai: -mohe. -henome vai. sleep that way. -henome. He slept that way. fai: -nome.
-heenon vai. sing that way. 'hkeno'm'sta ts-heenonvse. They also explained what they were
singing. [STORIES.TXT] fai: -non.
-heenohe vai. look so. -heenohe He looks that way. Etymology: O izhinaagozi (N). Final: -nohe. heeo'o ni. rump; hip.Pl: heontse. See: -hteo'o; -on. -hestanove vai. Final: -stanove.so live. See: -hstanove; -vo'stanheve. nesta tsmhae-hestanovse
the way his life used to be (2 Cor. 5:17).
-he-stot'ame vai. have the cedar. said of the cedar keeper at a peyote meeting. See: he- 'have'. hestot'ame He has the cedar. Final: -'(e).
-heee vai. lie so. tshhe tsvh-heento how I am fasting here like this. [VISION.TXT] -heksotse vai. get cramps in finger(s) (or toe(s)). -heksotse He has cramps in his finger/toes. -hetaneta vai. calm. -hetaneta. He's a calm person. ssatn-hetanethesstse. He was very,
very restless. (1987:298).
Synonym: -he'kotahe. See: -heetan; -evo't'kahe; sahetanethe fidgety.
-heetan vai. think this way. used as cognition quotation closure. See: -oo'hetan. usually with devoicing
on second stem vowel, making for example, -hetno. N-hetno. I'm thinking that way. nhetno. He is thinking that (previously mentioned) way. t-hetno. He is thinking this
way (content about to be said).
-heetan'tsen vai. wish for people to do. ts-hetan'tsnse what (God) has chosen for you to do
(1987:143).Variant: -heetan'tsan.
-heetan'tov vta. wish s.t. for s.o. -heetan'tovho. He wished (that) for him. See: -hestam. -heetannaa'e vai. think that way sitting. Ntama'xeehetseam-heetannaa'e I just kept thinking
that way as I was sitting. [BERTHA.TXT] Notes (Phonology) vs
-heetanna'ov
vta. how want s.o. to think. hva heestsstvvo tshmxe'homvse tshetann'vse ma'hene-mhta'somaho like, their word which they wrote as it was
inspired by the Holy Spirit. [1987:119]
-heetxe'ov vta. chase s.t. there; force s.o. there. -heetxe'ovho He chased him over there. hetov- pv. reason for, meaning of. See: tov-; hse-; v'-; hom'xe-. ts-hetovnhto'emnse the
reason why he made the decision. msthne'enhenovhe hne ts-hetovnhethoo'se They knew that reason why he rode that way (1987:54). (nmeo'tse) ohkevho'nove naa hne ts-hetovvho'nove netao'o hne tstavhetovto nto'sem'sta (This song) has words and what the words mean, I'm gonna tell everythng about how it came to be (sung). (1987:300).
Notes (Phonology) hee- + tov- ??
-hetovahe
vai. be in that shape; be that way; be=so; be the meaning of. See: -het'em. mhno'eamneo'hohevhe ho'honaa'o hna'e ts-hetovese He also formed those rocks in the
shape of a swan (1987:18).
-heetovt vii. be so, be that way, be what it is all about, be the meaning of. ts-heetovto the way it
is; the meaning of it (for example, the meaning of tepee designs). tsxhne'entan'to tsheetovtotse as he wants to find out all about it (1987:105). naa tsx-hetovto h'the ma'henxe'stoo'o and the teachings of this Bible (1987:190). [1987:300] See: -hexovto.
-hev vai. do that. -hev and -heto'etahe are near synonyms, but the latter seems to refer more to
performance, rather than simple activity (of -hev). See: -nhev; -thev; -tnv; heto'etahe. ohksa'vhne'enhehane tsv-hevstove hemaa'e htav'hestanee'stse you don't know what you are doing, too much if you take it (drink) (1987:56). nhe'e ssaxae=ta'se=hne'enhnvse tsto's-hevvse Then they did not know quite what to do then. (1987:296). vta: -he'tov.
-heevh vai. vai. be so named, be named that. -heevhe He is called (named) (that). Kovhe heevhe He is named 'Kovaahe'.Literally: be so-named.
-heveohe
vai. do urgently; do hurriedly. See: -hev. Mxho'nxhene'enomvhtse tsto'sheveohvse. They didn't know what they were going to do (then).
-hevone vii. sound so, sound that way. -hevone. It sounds that way. hp'e h'the ts-hevone as
(for example, much as; same as) this sound.
-hexovan vti. put s.t./s.o. at an angle to something else. For example, to put s.t. at a right angle to the
ground. -hexovna. He put it at a right angle. -hexovanho. He put him at a right angle.
-hexovoests vti. put s.t./s.o. at a (right) angle. See: -h'seests. -hexovstse He put it at a
right angle (for example, to the floor as when storing storm windows).
-hexovto vii. angled so, shaped so. -hexovto. It' is of that shape / angle. See: -hetovto. hexovv'stse ni. reeds. -hexovvxe'ohe vii. square shaped, diamond shaped. -hexovvxe'ohe. It's square shaped. hk- i. barely. this is more superficial surface contact than with initial he'k-. -hkhta. He nicked it
with his teeth / he barely bit it.
-hka''h vta. pinch s.o. -hka'o'ho. He pinched him. -heka''hho. He pinched him. (younger
speakers). See: -hthan.
-hka''san vai. bite with a pinching action. Ma'htkeho ohk-hka''saneo'o. Red ants bite.
[1979:204]
-hka'o'ts vti. pinch s.t. -hka''tse. He pinched it. -he-kamone vai. have a maternal aunt; stepmother; he has a maternal aunt. the maternal aunt is
treated as a mother and can be called "mother". he-kamone tshe-kamonto the one who is my maternal aunt/stepmother.
-he-kamon'tov vta. have s.o. as maternal aunt. he-kamonnoto. He has her as maternal aunt.
See: -he-haeh'tov have s.o. as paternal aunt.
hekamono na. his/her maternal aunt; his/her stepmother. A maternal aunt is treated as a mother in
the Cheyenne system and can be called "mother" when speaking English.
hke
p. male exclamation. Hke, he, tnstasstse?! him?!Variant: hste. See: hmehe; eaa; noo; heke. Antonym: heho. Etymology: *wekyali.
Wow, what's the
matter with
heke na. his mother; her mother. hekevho their mother(s). See: -he-ke; -he-k'tov; nhko'ehe; neko. hke- pv. barely. N-hkevmo. I barely got a look at him. See: hvhno. -he-ke vai. have a mother. he-ke He has a mother. Etymology: cf. M okiahsew. tshe-kto the one
who is my mother. Possessive: neko 'your mother'; vta: -k'tov.
Hekeeva ni. Mother's Day. -hekhvhta

vti. dirty s.t. Nme'vhhekhvhta nama'kaatohko You would surely dirty my bucket. (1980:57:50).
-hke'st''h vta. pinch ear of s.o. -hke'st'o'ho. He pinched his ear. -he-k'tov vta. have s.o. as mother. Nhe-kentse. She is my mother (that is, I have her as mother).
Nhe-k'tova. I am her mother. he-knoto. He has her as mother. Possessive: neko 'your mother'; vai: -he-ke.
-hkemas vta. nick s.o. in shooting. -hkemsho. He nicked him shooting at him. -heksno' vai. barely glance, glance barely. -heksn'o. He looked askance/barely glanced.
Notes (Phonology) not vs
-hkoh(n) vta. tick; foul; nick s.o. (esp. a ball, animate). -hkhnho. He ticked him. -hkoht vti. bite s.t. barely, barely bite s.t. -hkhta. He barely bit it. -hekhtaotse vai. have cramps in leg. -hekhtaotse. He has cramps in his leg (and/or foot). See: heseotse have cramps.
hko'e
na. bloodsucker; leech. Notes (Phonology) iahPl: hek'e. Obviative: hek'e. Etymology: *akaskwaya; cf. M oka:ski'.
hko'sema na. cricket.Pl: hko'semaho. Obviative: hko'semaho. -hkonen vai. sharp teeth. -hkonne. He has sharp teeth. Medial: -onen.
-hkonen' vai. bare teeth. for example, when dog snarls at s.o. -hkonen'o. He bared his teeth.
Medial: -onen. See: -n't growl at s.o..
-hekovo'he vai. pick teeth. -hekovo'he. He picked his (own) teeth. Hekovo'hhe na. Picking Teeth. hekovo'hesttse ni. toothpick.Variant: v'ho'kovo'hesttse. Pl: hekovo'hestottse. -hekovo'hee
vai. lie with toothpick in the mouth. -hekovo'he. He's lying (down) with a toothpick in the mouth.
hekovono ni. jaw meat. -hkseoestas vta. cut off tip of finger of s.o. instantaneously. -hkseoestsho. He instantaneously
cut off the tip of his finger.
-heksotse vai. finger cramp, have a cramp in the finger. -heksotse. He has a cramp in his finger. hekv- i. thorny. -hekvahe
vai. be prickly (in personality). -hekvahe He likes to aggravate/he has sharp words/reacts all the time to what anybody says. See: -v'hkahe. vai. mouthy; sharp-tongued. -hekvhtse. He is "mouthy"/what he says sticks you. Medial: -ahtsen.Literally: thorny-mouth.
-hekvahtse
hekvan'o ni. wild Sweet William. hekvan'o ni. weapon.Literally: sharp-by.hand(.thing) ??. for example, knife, bow, arrow, spear, gun,
etc. See: vohesttse.Pl: hekvaneontse.
hekvhestaahts-meno na. gooseberries. hekvhestaahtsmen'e ni. gooseberry bush. -hekve'pa'onotse vai. goose bumps down the back. N-hekve'pa'onotse. I have goosebumps
from the back of my head down my back. See: -he-stsskveotse.
hekvemh'o na. cucumber.Literally: prickly-melon. Usage: od. Hekvema'taa'e na. Thorny Bushes, Briar Patch. hekvemata na. 1 cactus. See: mata.
2 Cactus.
hekvemeno'e ni. thorny bush.Pl: hekvemen'stse. hekovstse na. porcupine.Literally: thorny (one). Hekveto ohkemvovo stot'e. Porcupines eat pine
trees. (1979:204).Pl: hekveto. Obviative: hekveto. Etymology: cf. *ka:kwa.
hekvstsv'stse ni. thistles.Literally: thorny-headed-weeds. Variant: hekv'stse. hekv'hno na. coarse material.Literally: prickly-cloth. used for dresses. hekvetshehv'xe hetseene'heo'o na. comb (porcupine tail). used in bed fixtures of altar of
Sun Dance.
hekvetsmee'e na. porcupine quill. See: mee'e.Pl: hekvetsmeeno. Hekvtsso na. Little Porcupine. Hekvetsvse ni. Porcupine Butte. located between the White River and the Niobrara River. -hekv vii. horny. -hekvo. It's thorny. See: -kso; -o''o; -stvo. -hekvo'emt vii. thorny. -hekv'mto. It is a briar patch/it is stickers (or 'stickery'). hekvo'ense ni. sun flower like plant. hekv'stse ni. tumbleweeds, thistles, thorn bushes. that is, any kind of plants with stickers. often
translated as 'tumbleweeds'.Variant: hekvstsv'stse.
-hekvo'ee vai. covered with thorns, lie in thorns. -hekvo'e. He is covered with thorns. [pd311]
See: -hekvo'e'e.
hekvo''e ni. thorny bush.
-hekvo'o'e vii. be lots of stickers. -hekvo'o'e. There's lots of stickers. hekvonean'o ni. barbed wire. Medial: -n. hekvotsee'e na. porcupine quill.Pl: hekvotseno. Obviative: hekvotseno. -het vta. tell s.o.; say to s.o.; tell about s.o. used both about speaking to s.o. and speaking about s.o.
(although -hsem is more specifically used for the latter meaning). N-hto. I told him. hetho. He said to him. N-hee. You said to me. x-hethoono. He said to him (mediate mode). N-heeha! Tell that to him! x-hethoono tsvstoemose. He said that about his wife. (1987:254). "Ma'heo'o, Haho," n-hettse. God, "Thank you," I tell you. (often said while praying). "Haho," n-hetatsemeno. "Thank you," we say to you. Etymology: *e0e:wa he tells him.
het- i. so, that way. -hethta'hne/ He told the story that way. Preverb: hee-. Relative roots take nonparticipial 3rd person conjunct endings, for example, tsheto'etaese 'what he did', rather than tsheto'etaestse, and tshevse 'what he did', rather than tshevstse.
hetaa'- pv. i. to such extent; all; throughout; entire; in such amount. -hetaa'ma''e It is all over the
earth. ts-hetaa'vethvse how far they rode around. tshhe ts-hetaa'ma''e the United States (lit. here the entire land). ts-hetaa'nhso whatever is that way. ts-hetaa'amevestove hvhno tev'h'se just a little ways away from where the camps were. Ntanhetaa'hta'hne htsetseha. That's the extent of what I am telling for now. (1987:32). tshetaa'=nh=sevonhnvse mhm'st'omemxeehevovhe all those that crawled in (the caves) were all shot (1987:43). See: he'-; hov'he; he'xve-.
-hetaa'seone vii. limits of the area, acreage; allotment. hne tsss'e'ene ts-hetaa'seone that (tepee)
still has all the sacred things (1987:99).
-hetaa'hta'han vai. how much tell story. Ntan-hetaa'hta'hne htsetseha that's the extent of what
I am telling for now (1987:32).
-hetaa''an vai. how much say. Ntan-hetaa''ne. That's all I have to say. [1987:200] fai: -'an. -hetaa'o'en vii. so full. -hetaa'o'na. It is that full. Stve n-hetaa'o'ennstse. They (inan.) are half
filled.
-hetaa'ma'o'e
'ground'.
vii. be all over the earth. -hetaa'ma'o'e It is all over the earth. Final: -ma'o'e
-hetaeta vai. so big. -hetaeta. He is that big. naa nhe'e hna'oveto tstan-hetaethtse and then the
next sized one (1980:3:61). vii: -hetaa'. See: -ma'haeta.
-hetho'he vai. so cooked. -hetho'he. He is cooked that way. See: -nhetho'he. -hethtomne vai. hear that way, so hear. See: -nstomn. root: -ahtomn. -hethtomne. He heard
it that way. Nhtam'sta tsohkev'n-hethtomnto. I'll tell it just the way I used to hear it.
hta'e
na. gland; sweetbreads; tonsil. See: -htsta'e. Etymology: *weleskwa his gland ??. Notes (Phonology) iahPl: het'e. Obviative: het'e. some of the glands are eaten.
-heta'ee'e vai. face. statxenannse n-nhkhestse'henhe ts-heta'ee'se Bear Coat placed it on top
(of the table) in front of (himself) (1987:55). tsx-heta'to in front of me/where I am facing. tsx-heta'vse in front of them/where they are facing. Notes (Phonology) vs
-heta''t vii. Medial: -a'.face. tsx-heta''ta where it is facing. for example, the gate area of a house. -heta'eohts
vai. face while walking, walk that direction. staosanema'xe'xoma'eotstsnse tsheta'eohtsvse. It really cracked open right in front of them. (1987:257). nhhe nanomeo'o! Put (the food) right by my head! [1987:264-5]
-heta'e vai. lie facing. -heta'e. He is lying with his head facing that direction. Tsheta'ento heta've- pv. head that way; face so. ts-heta'vethvse where they were headed riding. [GHOST.TXT] heta'hanhe pro. this is the one (proximal; new information).Pl: heta'hanevtse. See: hena'hanhe;
nea'hanhe; het'hanehe.
heta'hanetshe pro. this is the one. heta'hanevtse pro. these (inan.) are the ones; here they (inan.) are.
-heta'hahts
vti. throw s.t. that way. -heta'hhse. He threw it that way. See: -nheta'hahts; tsheta'hahts.
het'hanhe pro. there it is (distal; new information). Notes (Phonology) contracted form of heta'hanehe -heta' vai. vii. how fell, how thrown. -het'o. That's how it was was thrown. -heta'sant
vii. affect so, affect that way. stamneem'sephvem'stomnvse tsohkevheta'snto hemaa'e hthestanee'stse then he told them everything about it (drink), how it
affects you too much if you take it (1987:56).
-heta'ov vta. drive s.o. there. for example, of driving livestock. -heta'ovho. He drove him there. ??
See: -asta'ov.
-heta'ovo'ham vai. drive livestock over there. N-heta'ovo'hme I drove the horses over there. -heta'xan vai. so cry, cry that way. "Naa enhevoo'o, enhevoo'o," staohkxae-heta'xanhoo'o.
"And he did say this, he did say this," she would wail that way. (1987:268). See: -a'xaame cry.
-hetame vai. sneeze. -hetame. He sneezed. (Nhets-hetame) nev'esstse mntotxemaehhe. (I keep

sneezing;) someone must be talking about me. (a saying based on a cultural belief; cf. ne'von for a similar belief).
-hetam'seh vta. cause s.o. to sneeze. sometimes a teasing word. N-hetam'sehtse. I made you sneeze. hetamstottse ni. sneezy weeds. used for colds. -hetan vti. so do something by hand, do something by hand that way. See: -tshetan. v-hetna. He
did it that way. vai: -hetanen.
hetan- pv. male. hetan-ka'kne boy.Literally: male-child.

i. -hetanvhne. She bore a son.Literally: male-bore.
hetane
na. man. Holliman Spelling: hi dan ni.Pl: hetaneo'o. Obviative: hetanho. See comments under hetanka'kne. In former days hetane would not be applied to a male until he was approx. 30 years old; today the label is often applied at approx. 20 years of age. Final: -tane; Feminine: h'e. Etymology:
*elenyiwa man.
Hetane hnesstse vai. Two Man. See: e'he hnstse. -hetana'tahe vai. man crazy. -hetan'atahe. She's man crazy. Feminine: -he'a'tahe. hetanka'eeshotame na. tomcat. See: htame. Usage: archaic.Literally: man-short.nose-dog. hetanka'kne
na. boy.Pl: hetanka'kneho. Obviative: hetanka'kneho; Antonym: he'ka'kne.Literally: man-child. English differentiates gender in human
nomenclature at a younger age than does Ch.; the English sequence of age/gender names is 'baby'; 'boy/girl'; 'man/woman'; the Cheyenne sequence is m'evtse 'baby'; ka'kne 'child'; ksovhe/kse'he 'young man/young woman' (name is probably applied at approx. puberty); hetane/h'e 'man/woman'; ma'hhkse/mhtamhhe 'old man/old woman'.
hetankokhaxa na. rooster.Literally: man-chicken. hetan'hame

na. male (domesticated animal). for example, horse, cat, dog.Pl: hetan'hme. Obviative: hetan'hme. Usage: There is often some kind of constraint against saying this word,
as well as the corresponding female form, he''hame. Both words often evoke laughter, probably indicating some kind of sexual connotations which are inappropriate for public speaking..
hetanma'xh'ne na. gobbler.Literally: male-turkey. Feminine: he'ma'xh'ne. See: ma'xh'ne. -hetanmne vai. act like a man. -hetanmn. She acts like a man. hetanmn'e na. man pretender; lesbian; transsexual; This refers to a woman who acts like a man.
Feminine: he'mn'e.
hetanmen'e ni. juneberry bush. Medial: -'(e).Pl: hetanmen'stse. hetanmen'e hestem'stse ni. tea bark. of inner bark of juneberry bush. hetanmen'hestomo'-hohpe ni. juneberry bark tea. hetanmen''e obl. juneberry bush area. Medial: -'(e).
hetanmen'e-vhpots-hohpe ni. juneberry leaves tea. hetanementse ni. juneberries. known elsewhere as Saskatoons or sarvisberries. Hetannhkohe na. Man Bear. -hetanen vai. do something by hand that way. H'stse n-hetanne. I can't carry any more (than what
I am already carrying; so someone else must take the excess). vti: -hetan.
hetanesstse voc. men! See: hetane. hetan'e na. drake.Literally: man-duck. Pl: hetan-e'eo'o. Obviative: hetan-e'xo. See: mhtase. hetanvn'stse ni. man sage, male sage. Only the man sage is used for hitting oneself in the sweat
lodge, or for a bedding foundation during a fast. See: he'vn'stse.
-hetanvatse'neve
hetanman.
vai. act like a man. -hetanvatse'neve. He/She is acting like a man. See: -
-hetaneve vai. be a man. -hetaneve. He is a man. on'sem-hetaneve. He's a true warrior / a true man
/ brave. Antonym: -he'man'eve.
-hetanvs'e hetanvesttse
vai. stand urinating as a man. -hetanvs'e. He's standing urinating as a man. Medial: -s. See: -xaa'e. ni. manhood. hetanvesttse ntanhts'a, nevetanoo'o You have gone looking for get on with it! (1987:244). ntxve'ho'asstse, nstoohonvo tssthxovhhoonevtse. s'hsemomhto'axe, hetanvesttse nhohtamstnvo. Soldiers,
manhood,
your flag, you went across (the oceans) to defend it. That is why it is still waving, you have attained manhood. (a flag song after World War II; 1987:244).
-hetanvehn vai. birthe a son.Literally: man-birthe. -hetanvhne. She bore a son. Final: -ehn;
Feminine: -he'vehn.
hetanvhthnesttse ni. man design. i.e. a design for males, for example, on a moccasin. See: hohthn.
Hetanev'e na. Arapaho.Literally: man-cloud ??. Pl: Hetanevo'eo'o. hetanvo'eha ni. man's shoe.Pl: hetanvo'hantse. Feminine: he'vo'eha. See: mo'khantse. Hetanvo''e na. Arapaho Woman. Hetanvo'no ni. Arapaho-place. possibly a (So. Ch.?) name for Wyoming ?? Usage: So. Ch.?. -hetanvo'ha'hne vai. walk as a man. -hetanvo'ha'hne. She walks as a man. -hetanvo't vta. declare s.o. a man. M'hkeose'e=ta'se=hetanvo'thtshhe. He would, like, brag
how much of a man he was. (1987:58). Final: -o't.
hetanvo'xhthono na. man's pants. can refer to a sg. pair even though grammatically pl. ?? -hetanvoo'e vai. sit as a man. esp. cross-legged. See: -hotx'kanee'e; -he'vsoo'e?. -hetanvoo'e He
sat as a man (sits). Notes (Phonology) vs
-hetanvotse'ohe vai. man's work. -hetanvotse'ohe. He (or she) is doing man's work. Hetanhtoo'e na. Sitting Man. See: Hetanxhoo'stse. Hetanxhoo'stse vai. Sitting Man. See: Hetanhtoo'e. -hetohame vii. be an illustration; parable; commemoration. H'the v'n-hetohame. This is just an
example. [1987:11] Naa hnhhe hohose s'v'hetohamnvo. And over there on the hill they still commemorate it. [1987:49] -hetohamstove. It's an illustration. vai. -hetohame. He illustrated.
hetohame-
pv. illustrative. v'n-hetohameestse He was just talking by example (1987:11). hetohameestse. He spoke with an illustration. vta. illustrate with s.o. N-hetoham'tova He used me as an example. Nhetohamentse I used him for an example.
-hetoham'tov
-hete'e vai. drink so. Heovestse -hete'e. He drank any old thing.
-hetoehe vta. so related, related that way. the following phrase is considered important to ask since
knowing who one's relatives are is important for fitting in to society properly: you'll know who to respect, who to joke with, who you can't marry, etc. Nhne'enahe ts-hetoheto Do you know your relations?/Do you know who you are related to? vta: -hetom.
-hetom vta. so related to s.o. nvohestonasstse, nsenhasstse, hovtse ts-hetomtse my relatives

(and) my friends, however I am related to you (1987:114). See: -hetoem.
-hetoeme vai. vii. so priced; valued so; cost that much. -hetoeme. it/he costs that much. See: -hetom. -hetna vai. so pray, pray that way. N-hetna. That's how I prayed. -hetena'tov vta. so pray to s.o., pray that way to s.o. Mstssthtse tshhe ts-hetena'tovtse Be
pleased with how I pray to you here. [PRAISE.TXT]
-heteotse vai. 1 so see. Nto'shema'xeasta'hhtse nonhp=h'e nstae-heteotse I am going to

throw it away so that you will be able to see (1987:146). 2 fig., understand. Usage: possible loan translation from English. for idiomatic usage see tsheteotse (from 1987:146). See: -heto'; -ho'eotse; -o'.
-hetostomo'he
manners.
vai. have such a character; be so mannered; ts-hetostom'hestove your (impers.)
hetva obl. in the evening; last evening. See: taa'va. he-hetva late evening. Hetv'e na. Evening Woman. -heteve vii. evening. -heteve. It's evening. heteve- pv. evening. -hetevho'ho'htse. He came home in the evening. Etymology: *wa0a:kw/we0a:kw-.
-heteveotse vii. become evening. -heteveotse. It's become evening. hetohke hetohko
na. star. The more common pronunciation is hotohke.Variant: hotohke. Pl: hethkeo'o. See: hetohko. ni. bowl; container; dish; pan.Variant: hetoo'o. Pl: hethkontse. Possessive: -htsetohko. See: hetohke. Etymology: *wela:kani. ni. hardware store. Usage: neologism, but may have been used in recent past.Literally: utensil-buy-house.
hethkon-hohtv-mh'o
hethkon-ma'kaata ni. tin.Literally: utensil-metal. hethkon-ve'ho'seo'o ni. cupboard.Literally: utensil-container. -hethomo'he vai. so dance, dance that way. Nhthvoo'shaenoto tshk-hethom'hetsse He went to
show them (sagehens) to me, how they were dancing. [1987:177] fai: -ohom'he.
-hethom'heohe -hethov
vai. so dance, dance that way. naa tssthe'kahto n'hkhethom'heohe and when I was little I danced like that (1987:177). vta. so sign to s.o., sign that way to s.o. Nhn-hethvo, "Ts'the hevaho ohkenma'eotshho he'eo'o," nhto n-hethvo. I signed to him, "This rope is carried around by women," I told him, I signed to him. (1987:179). "Hehe'e," -hethovho. "Yes," he signed to him. fta: -ohov. vai. vii. so colored, colored that way. hestse'heno hovestse mx-heththvhevhe hv'omets-heththvensesttse ventse the tepees were of white design (1987:316). Medial: -ohth. See: -tneththeve.
-heththeve
-hethta'hane vai. tell story that way. -hethta'hne. He told (the story) that way. nrr: -hhta'han. -hethta'haov vta. so tell a story to s.o. tsohk-hethta'haoo'se namme what my grandfather told
me (1987:17). vta: -hhta'haov.
-heto'ahe vai. so want, want that way. -heto'ahe. It is what he wants. ts-heto'heto what you want.
NonRelativeRoot: -ho'ahe; vta: -heto'htsstomev.
-heto'htsstomev
vta. want that way for s.o. Mnshanetshe ts-heto'htsstomose Ma'heo'o. That must be what God wants you (pl) to be.
-het'a'xe vai. say that. v-het'a'xe. He's been saying that. See: -tnet'a'xe. -heto'eh vta. do to s.o. that way. ts-heto'ehvse what they are going to do to him/them. -heto'etahe vai. so do; perform that way. ts-heto'etaese what he did. tsohkemhae-heto'ethnove
how (the Sun Dance) used to be done (1987:210). See: -amo'etahe, -nheto'etahe; phvo'etahe; -tneto'etahe; -hev.
-heto'ev vta. skin be that way. heovestse -heto'evao'o they have a variety of skin colors. -het'em
vai. be of that persuasion. -het'ma. He is of that persuasion. See: -heetovahe; nhet'em; -nthvo'em.
-heto'eman vai. so command, make such a law, boss that way, rule that way. -heto'emne. He so
commanded. [1987:268] Non-reduplicated: -ho'eman.
-heto'emaov vta. command so, boss so, rule s.o. -heto'emaovho. He commanded him what to do
(thusly commanded?). NonRelativeRoot: -ho'emaov.
-het'en vti. transport s.t. there by wagon, transport s.t. by wagon. -het'na. He hauled it over there.
vta. transport s.o. there by wagon, transport s.o. by wagon. At one time esp. referred to
transportation by wagon, but has been extended to transportation by other vehicles where there is rolling action of wheels. -het'enho. He transported him that way. N-het'ena. He hauled me over there. Netao'o nhets-het'ena. He took me all over there. Medial: -'(e). See: am'ehn.
-het'eohts vai. roll along so. -het'ehtse. He rolled that way by wagon. -het'st'ohe
vai. such height of woodlike growth. Hovstse -het'st'heo'o. They (woodlike growing things) are of various heights. vai. such length (of ropelike objects). Hovstse -het'stneeheo'o. They are of various lengths. Medial: -n. See: -ha'stneehe; -he'xvaneta.
-het'stneehe
-he-to'hahe vai. have on gloves. he-to'hahe. He has gloves on. -het'o'e

vii. such growth. -het'o'e. Growth is of that kind. heovstse ts-het'o'ee'stse flowers (plants of various kinds).
-heto'otse vii. how used. Nhm'stomevstse tsohk-heto'otsstove! Explain to me how it (for example,
a certain word) is used!
-heto'ovxe vai. so dream, dream that way. Nto'st'n-heto'ovxe tsheto'ovxento. I dreamed that
way when I dreamed. (1980:40:19). See: -ovxen.
heto'xvepv. of thus degree. ts-heto'xve'hahvse according to their ages. See: nhe'xve-. -heto'xve'hahe vai. such age. ts-heto'xve'hahvse according to their ages (1980:3:44). hetm- i. true; correct. The difference between on'sem- and hetm- seems to be that the former refers
to something being real or genuine, while the latter to something being true or correct.
-hetmahe vai. truthful. -hetmahe. He is truthful. -hetmahe vai. perfectionist, truthful. -hetmahe. He is a perfectionist. See: -on'semahe. -hetmh'heneve vai. flexible character. -hetmh'heneve. He is a flexible character. -hetma'o'e vii. such land. 'eamhne'ennvse tsv-hetma'o'etse They knew the lay of the land.
[JOURNEY.TXT]
Final: -ma'o'e.
-hetoma''h vta. hold back; hinder; prevent s.o. N-hestoma''ho. I prevented/hindered/held him back.
[Croft]
Antonym: -ntse'ov, -amhtov. See: -hestomo'eh; -hoont.
Hetman'e na. (woman's name).Variant: Hotman'e. hetme- pv. truly, truthfully. hetme- seems to strengthen assertion of propositional content whereas
on'seme- strengthens performative force. See: on'seme-. -hetmemsehe. He ate leftovers.
-hetm vai. tell the truth. -hetme. He is telling the truth. Etymology: cf. M ona:mow. Non'semhetme. I am really telling the truth. [1987:175] vii: -hetmt. See: -nhes; -on'sem.
-hetme'heneve vai. be a truthful (person). -hetme'heneve He tells the truth/he is a truthful person.
-hetmem vta. tell the truth about (or to) s.o. often implies that one is guilty of what is said about him,
but what is said about s.o. can be good or bad. -hetmemho. He said the truth to him. hetmeme. He is guilty/'he really did that'. N-hetmemanehe? Is it true what is said about you? / Are you guilty? Hehe'e, n-hetmemne. Yes, it is true what is said about me; yes, I am guilty. vai: -hetm. See: -mheem; -homettsest; -ho''et; -momxem; on'seme-.
-hetmest vti. tell the truth about s.t. -hetmsta. He told the truth about it. hetmesttse ni. truth. Usage: does not occur as commonly as an abstract nominalization as does the
English word 'truth'. Oblique: hetmstva.
-hetmt
vii. true; correct; right. -hetmto. It is true. sa-hetmethane. It's not correct. See: on'sem.
hetmoehnohtsstse na. Final: -ehn.black sheep (person; idiom).Literally: true-born-NOM ??. -hetomt vta. impersonate, act like s.o., look like s.o. -hetometo ho'neho. He impersonates a wolf.
-hetomtho. He looks just him. (pronunciation of younger speakers). Mx-hetomethevhe xamae'enovoto. He must have been like the rattlesnake. (could be said about the behavior of s.o. who behaved like a rattlesnake, some time after having been bitten by one). See: hxe'stseh; -hetov.
-hetomhthotse
vai. feel that way (physically). sanhxhne'enhnovo ts-hetomhthotsevo They could not quickly figure out what was wrong with me (1987:203).
-hetmo'eh vta. treat s.o. spitefully, mistreat s.o., use s.o. as a steppingstone, abuse s.o. -hetmo'eeho.
He treated him spitefully. Nv'-hetmo'ehovoo'o vo'staneo'o! Don't treat people spitefully! See: -hotmo'eh; hestomo'eh.
hetomohe vai. resemble the family one comes from. -hetomohe. He looks like the people he comes
from.
-hetomosan vai. resemble, look just like. -hetomsne. He looks just like (someone, or a side of
his family). The following is said, for example, about children born to teenage girls who are not married. The children look like their parents (esp. their fathers), so you can tell whose children they are. ohk-hetomosanho hensonhevho. Their children resemble (them).
-hetomoosane'hane vai. talk in symbols. -hetomoosane'hane He talked in symbols. -hetomosanmstove

(impersonal).
vii. be a representation. -hetomoosanmstove It is a representation
-hetomosanve'hna vai. take Communion.Literally: commemoratively-eat. could refer to eating any

kind of symbolic meal, for example eating venison for Thanksgiving. -hetomosanve'hna He took Communion.
hetomosanve'hanahttse
ni. Communion; Lord's Supper. Usage: neologism; probably not used.Variant: hetomosenve'hanahttse.
-hetomt vta. resemble s.o. -hetomoto. He resembles him. N-hetomto nho'ehe. I look just like
my father. -hetomoto heke. She looks just like her mother.
-hetmotse'ohe vai. do humble work. See: hetme-. -hetmotse'ohe He does humble work. hetmotse'hesttse ni. humble (or looked down upon) work. hetone
na. 1 haunch, ham. This is the underside of the thigh including the buttock. See: tnaha.Pl: hetneho. Obviative: hetneho. 2 Ham.
Hetnh'e na. Ham Woman. hetone'ke

ni. na. 1 bark (of tree). Inanimate for most speakers but may be animate for a few. See: hestomo'(k)e. Etymology: *welake:0kwi.Variant: hetone'e. 2
-hetnoo'e vai. sit looking that way. Maato -hetnoo'e. He is sitting looking forward. hetoo p. uh (hesitation word). See: ta'se; hva. m'hk=hetoo=//veestsstehevovho He used to, uh,
talk to them (1987:6:6). often intrusive in verbs, before preverb-initial boundary.Variant: hotoo.
-hetoo'e vai. be there, sit that way. -hetoo'e. He sat that way. M'-ooxesta-hetoehhe nhe h'e. This
woman just stayed in (stayed at home). Nmse tsx-hetovse nhno 'hkev'hoomhoono vhkooheho. For a long time while they sat there he kept looking at the rabbit. (Croft 1988:2324:15). See: -nhetoo'e. Non-reduplicated: -hoo'e. Notes (Phonology) vs
-hetoo'koh vii. so rain, rain that way. nooo, tshets-hetoo'kho Wow, why does it keep on raining!
(lit. wow, it will continually rain). Non-reduplicated: -hoo'koh.
hetoo'o1 ni. dish. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: hetontse. See: hetohko; vetoo'o. Homonym: hetoo'o2 palate. hetoo'o2
ni. palate.Pl: hetoontse. Homonym: hetoo'o1 dish. See: -htoon. Etymology: cf. *alakackw (medial).
-hto' vai. look there. Nt-htoo'mne maeto! Let's look forward! See: -tsheto'. -heto' vai. look that way. refers to active looking, not one's appearance. -het'o. He looked that
way. Final: -o'. See: -tsheto'; -hto'.
-heto'xev vai. so announce, announce that way. -heto'xva He announced that. Non-reduplicated: ho'xev.
-hetoseme vai. seek refuge. -hetoseme. He sought refuge. Usage: obsolescing. See: -amoseme. hetse- pv. continually. ohk-hetsemane. He always drinks. ohk-hetseta'e. He/She always beats
his/her spouse. Notes (Phonology) redup of hse- ?? Non-reduplicated: hse-.Variant: htse-. See: ohke-; hovave-; ho''omee-; a'ene-.
-hetshahtse vai. do something over and over again; continue doing something. -hetshahtse. He
does it over and over again; he kept it up.
-hetshahts'tov vta. do something over and over again to s.o.; continue doing something to s.o. hetshahts'tovho. He does it over and over again to him. vai: -hetshahtse.
-hettaata vai. such size. Heovstse -hettaatao'o. They are of various sizes. hettae- pv. joyfully. -hettaevo'stanheve. He lives joyfully. -hettaenmne. He sang joyfully. -hettae'xan vai. joyful eyes. -hettae'xne. He has joyful eyes. BodyPartMedial: -'xan. -hettaem vta. cause s.o. to be joyful. -hettaemho He caused him to rejoice. -hettaenonee'e vai. sit singing joyful songs. -hettaenonee'e. He's sitting singing joyful songs. -hettastanove vai. Final: -stanove.live joyfully. -hettastanove He lived joyfully. [PRAISE.TXT] -hettaetanehe vai. happy personality. -hettaetanehe. He has a happy personality. See: -hettaetan. -hettaetan vai. joyful. -hettaetno. He is joyful. See: -phvetan; -veetan; -msetan. -hettaetsest vti. joyfully regard s.t. tsmhaehehohe-hettaetsstomevse nesta vaveto how they
used to joyfully accept it previously (1987:237).
-hettanahe -hettanehe
vai. joyful personality. -hettanahe. He has a happy/pleasant personality.Variant: hettanehe. vai. joyful personality. -hettanehe. He has a happy/pleasant personality.Variant: hettanahe.
-hettaomhtahe vai. feel joyful, feel happy. -hettaomhtahe. He feels happy. hetthne na. shrimp. Usage: od. -hetotxeon'tov vta. go around talking that way about s.o. -hetotxeon'tovho. He goes around
talking that way about him. See: -totxem.
-hetotse'ohe vai. work so. Heovestse -hetotse'ohe. He is a jack of all trades [lit. various (kinds of
work) that's how he works]. ts-hetotse'oese what he did as work. NonRelativeRoot: -hotse'ohe.
-hetov vta. act like s.o., be like s.o., resemble s.o., look like s.o. can refer to appearance or behavior. hetovho. He is like him (for example, a baby crying like his namesake). See: -tva'ov; to'stseh; -hxe'stsh; -het. Etymology: cf. M ena:wae:w.
-hetxe'stn vai. so write, write that way. -hetxe'stne. That's the way he wrote it.
-hetxe'ohe
vii. vai. be so written; pictured. mxe'eotsstoto s'phovaneo'o tstshsthese vhetxe'ohe pictures are still there, it is identified as Cheyennes in the pictures (1987:43). naa ho'homo'eo'o mato vse-mxe'heo'o and Sioux also are pictured (there) (1987:43). Nonreduplicated: -mxe'ohe. pointing; cf. -hetshthtsenots'tov. -hetsheho. He pointed to him. T-hetshheha! Point to him (he's farther away)! See: -hetsh(n).
-hetsh vta. point at s.o. It is culturally inappropriate to point at someone with your fingers; instead use lips for
-hetsh vti. point at s.t. -hetsha. He pointed to it. Hnova'e tshetshomo? What are you pointing at?
Hetshtse! Point at it! Synonym: -hets'. See: -ts'en touch s.t./s.o..
-htsha'xe
vai. buck. -htsha'xe. He bucked. -htsha'xe seems to be the most common pronuncation today.Variant: -htsha'xe; -htha'xe.
htshno p. here. See: htshhe; hthno. htshhe p. over here, right here. includes idea of pointing to the location. See: htshno; tshhe. -htshesta vai. be in bad shape; look bad. -htshesta. He is in bad shape/he looks bad (for example,
after a car wreck).
htshto p. here. See: htshhe; htsheno; tshto. -hetsh(n) vta. point at s.o. It is traditionally considered inappropriate to point to someone with one's
fingers. Instead, one can point with one's lips. -hetsehno. He pointed at him. Nstsev'hetshhno e'he; nstsematsese. Don't point at the sun (or moon); you'll get an infected finger! (a cultural prohibition). vti: -hets'. See: -ts'en touch s.t./s.o.. Etymology: cf. M eno:hae:w.
-hets' vti. point at s.t. -hets'a. He pointed at it. Synonym: -hetsh; vta: -hetsh(n). -he-tsnoone fai. wing, have wings. he-tsnoone. He (for example, bird) has wings/he is 'winged'.
v'ho''eo'o tshe-tsnoonese angels (lit. white women who have wings; 1980:40:14)) (many
Cheyennes regard this term as a misconception and prefer a term such as he'amhotse'ono 'heavenly workers' or ma'heo'o hestotse'ono 'God's workers'). See: -men.
hetsnoonvoesttse na. wing dress. See: hoesttse. -he-tsnotahe vai. have a cross-nephew. he-tsnotahe He has a cross-nephew. tshe-tsnothto the
one who is my cross-nephew.
-he-tsnoth'tov
vta. have s.o. as cross-nephew. he-tsnothnoto. He has him as cross-nephew (that is, sister's son). [1987:96]
hetsnotaho na. his cross-nephew. This is a man's sister's son or a woman's brother's son. This person
is called "nephew" in English by Cheyennes. Stem: -tsnotah.
-hetsoestoh(n) vta. point quickly to s.o. Nht-hetsoesthnoo'o. I quickly pointed at them. [1987:28]
See: -hetsh(n).
htsstseha p. now. See: htsetseha. Usage: This form should be compared with htsetseha. This form is
pronounced more quickly. Not all speakers seem to have this form. Some speakers may have only this form. Other speakers seem to have both. At least one speaker has explained the difference between the two forms as something like that this form is more immediate in time. Further checking with more speakers is needed to see if others have both forms and if they share the same semantic difference offered by this speaker. It is quite possible that these two entries are not really different words, but, rather, just a difference in how fast the word htsetseha is pronounced..
htsetseha p. now. htsetseha eva today. htsetseha taa'va tonight. See: htsstseha; tshe'xvva. hetsev- i. openly; fearlessly. requires a negative preverb. taohksa=hov'he='e-hetsevhtvhnvo.
They are not afraid to sell anything (for a drink). [1987:61] sa-hetsev-'anhe. He is careless when he talks. Preverb: hetseve-.
hetsev-
pv. spitefully; on purpose. sa-hetsevnhevhe. He did not do it to be ornery. hetsevnheve. He did it on purpose (anyway, in spite of the fact that people didn't want him to do it). -hetsevstse. He is talking spitefully.
-hetseva vai. brave, dauntless, fearless, does not give up. requires a negative preverb. sa-hetsevhe.
He is not afraid / he doesn't give up.
-hetsevve'e
vai. be upset and get drunk. -hetsevve'e. He was upset and got drunk. See: ne'evve'e.
-hetsevv'an vai. negatively say; say negatively. for instance, to threaten to do something harmful,
perhaps to hurt yourself, but we don't know if the threat will be carried through. hetsevv'ne. He threatened to do something harmful.
-hetsevvo'eh vai. negatively treat s.o. -hetsevvo'ehahtse. He harmed himself on purpose. vai: hetsevvo'etahe. See: ts'e.
-hetsevvo'etahe vai. do on purpose; intentionally act, negatively do, spitefully do something. hetsevvo'etahe. He did it to be spiteful/he did it on purpose. [PD18] See: ts'e; -hetsvo'etahe.
hetseve- i. pv. openly, fearlessly, bluntly, openly, back out. has idea of not hiding anything. requires a
negative preverb. sa-hetsevem'sthnvo. They are not afraid to explain it ; they do not hold anything back in explaining it. [1987:55] ohksa-hetsevexhesanheo'o. Nothing stops them from saying whatever they are thinking. Initial: hetsev-; Antonym: thtanove-. See: thtanove-; 'ts-.
-hetseveh vta. back out of doing bad to s.o. -hetsevhho. He almost did something bad to him but
backed out. Nv-hetsevho. I almost retaliated against him. See: -hetsevem.
-hetsevem vta. back out of telling s.o. N-hetsevmo. I hesitate to tell him. [pd545] sa-hetsevemheho.
He tells him as it is. Mho'n-hetsevmhtse. He must not have backed out from telling him how it is. See: -hetseveh.
-hetseveotse vai. back out. for example, to back out of telling something. N-hetseveotse. I backed out.
[Stamper 1991:4]
See: hstove-; -hstoveotse.
-hetsevhtv vai. only used in the negative.hesitate to spend (s.t.).

vti. taohksa'e-hetsevhtvhnvo hov'he. They are not afraid to sell anything (for a drink). [1987:61] See: -hohtv.
-hetsvo'etahe
vai. spitefully do something. -hetsvo'etahe. He did something spitefully. See: hetsevvo'etahe. See: m-; mhe; h'e; m-hva; hv-mhe; ta'se; ta'shma; hotoo; onhxe-. Hv=hmmstanhevhe. Maybe they drowned. [1987:4:23] Naa mxho'n- hva hov'hva tsv'en'hvse hva ma'tke. And they didn't have anything to kill them with, not even a bow (and arrow). [1987:96] Nssav'ho'nstshe hva na'stse estsesttse nssahne'enhe. I didn't talk English, I didn't know even one word of English. [1987:190] Hva=naotshhe. He's
hva p. maybe; like; even. Usually the cliticized particle m= introduces inferentials but hva can also:
possibly sleeping.
hva nahe p. Who? This combination of the hedge word hva and the discourse pronoun nahe is
difficult to translate. In a situation where a group is wondering who they might get to be a featured speaker, someone could say this, hva nahe, meaning something like 'Who could we get?' The person referred to by the pronoun nahe is unknown as the statement of wondering is made.
-hva'ee'e vai. sit with covered head. -hva'ee'e He is sitting with his head covered. [1987:146] Notes
(Phonology) vsVariant: -hva'kee'e.
-hva'evoeh vii. be covered; hooded; have a shade on. -hva'evoeha It is covered. ts-hva'evoeha
am'eneo'o covered wagon.
-hva'vo'oh(n) vta. throw a blanket on s.o. Nht-hva'vo'hno. I'll throw a blanket on him. Can be
said by a man about his brother-in-law, as part of the culturally sanctioned joking relationship. This might be said to indicate that the man thinks his brother-in-law is lying and throwing a blanket over him might take care of the problem.
-hva'kehe vai. have on a scarf. -hva'kehe. She has on a scarf. -hva'keh'tov vta. be head covered with s.o. naa x-hva'kehnsesto mo'htvhva'kehstoto He
had a black scarf on his head (1987:48).
hva'kehesttse
na. scarf.Literally: cover-head-NOM. Variant: hva'ehesttse. Pl: hva'kehstoto. Obviative: hva'kehstoto; Medial: -a'(k).
-hva'kee'e vai. sit with covered head.Variant: -hva'ee'e; -hva'kehe. E-hva'kee'e. He's sitting with his
head covered.
-hva'k'o'h -hva'kn
vta. cover s.o.'s head with something. esp. to cover with a blanket or scarf. xhva'k'o'hahtshoono hestome. She pulled her blanket up over her head. [CLIFF.TXT] vta. cover head of s.o. for example, cover a person's head with a blanket or scarf. hva'keno. He covered his (someone else's) head. -hva'knho. (pronunciation of younger speakers). Hva'kneha! Cover his head! (for example, when it's raining).
-hva'k' vai. stand with head covered. m'hk-hva'koehevhe hoomhva They would stand
(covered) under a blanket (while courting). [WEDDING.TXT] Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -.
-hva'kvoheehe vai. be wrapped in a hood. esp. for babies. See: -hheehe. -hva'kvoheehe He is
wrapped in a hood. -hva'kvoheehe He is wrapped in a hood.Literally: covered.head-wrapped.
-hva'kvo'oh(n) vta. cover head of s.o. -hva'kvo'hnho. He threw (something) over his head.
Hva'kvo'hnoo'o! Throw a blanket on top of her! (typically said about someone you are saying teasing things about).Variant: -hva'vo'oh(n).
hev'one
ni. meat part not eaten near hexhkmhne. //www.leaderu.com/orgs/cbmw/rbmw/appendix1a.html. called 'rectum' in PD.
See: http
-hev's mbp. tailbone; tail. 'he-v'se. He fell and broke his tailbone. n-hev'shtse. He has
pain in the tail. IndepNoun: hehv'xe; Possessive: -htshv'xe.
hev'xameko ni. long handled dipper, ladle. hev'xevetoo'o ni. frying pan (with a handle).Literally: tail-container. hvmhe p. I guess; maybe; apparently. The two particles hva and mhe join together to form this word.
Hvmhe hhkeeheho stanhts'ovhoono. Apparently (the whiteman) went looking for the mouse. [Croft 1988:20:6] Hvmhe ts'the tsho'sese ksovaheho anhevoheha-hoono.
apparently these who danced, the young men, (were) jackrabbits (surp.). [1980:25:7] Nhovhestmo hvmhe mshhoo'o. I mistakenly regarded him, but lo and behold, (he is) crazy. [this is a song; JG 1989] Hv=mhe nssesto tsnshtxese tsnshtxese tshemh'tovhtsese. Apparently they are the seven (stars), the seven who are sisters. [1987:305:21] Michelson (1910 text) and informant gloss this as 'in due time'. See: hva; mhe; hthtse; t'shma.
hvmto
p. that is when ?? hvmto mstanoo'htshenotho that is when he abandoned them (1987:254). See: nhe'xvva; vtsno.
-he-vseme vai. have a younger sibling. he-vseme He has a younger sibling. tshe-vsemto the one
who is my younger sibling. vta: -he-vsem'tov; vii: -he-vsemto.
-hevseme't
vii. draw interest, earn interest. -hevsem'ta. It drew interest (money). See: -hevsemt. he-vsemnoto. He has him as younger sibling.
-he-vsem'tov vta. have s.o. as younger sibling. Nhe-vsementse. He/She is my younger sibling. -he-vsemt vii. earn interest.Literally: have a younger sibling. Ma'kaata ohk-hevsemto. The money
is earning interest. vai: -he-vseme; vti: -he-vsem't.
hevsemo na. his/her younger sibling. hevvhkema

na. butterfly; moth. Obviative: hevvhkemaho. Holliman Spelling: hi vi vi gi ma.Pl: hevvhkemaho.
-heve vai. say. an irregular stem. for first and second person subjects, affirmative indep. indic. only. Nheve. I said. -hevoo'o. He said. -hevone. They said. N-xheve? What did you say? vta: -het. See: -he; -xheve; -estse; -'an; -totxem; -heve; -het; -xhestohe.
Heve'se na. Teeth.Variant: Hevese2. See: ve'se tooth. Heves'e na. Teeth Woman.
-he-vesan
vai. teethe, cut teeth.Literally: make IndepNoun: ve'se.Variant: -vesan.
teeth.
-he-vesne.
He
is
teething.
Hvse2 na. Teeth.Variant: Heve'se. -he-vese vai. have teeth. -he-vese. He has teeth. -he-veseo'o. They have teeth. oonh'e mxhevesvhtse until frogs have teeth (an idiom meaning 'Never!' that is, something won't be happen until frogs grow teeth). IndepNoun: ve'se tooth. See: -he-vesan; -vesan.
hevesnoma'ne na. pike.Literally: teeth-fish. Variant: heves-noma'he. -he-vhestove

vai. have a name. he-vhestove He has a name. taomhe-vhestoveo'o They (for example, Cheyenne bands) have their own names.
-he-vhoname vai. have a chief; boss. he-vhoname. He has a chief/boss. Nvhe tshe-vhonameto?
Who is your boss/chief? Possessive: -vhoname.
-he-vhonam'tov vta. have s.o. as chief, have s.o. as boss. Nhe-vhonam'tova. I am his chief (that is,
he has me as chief). Nhe-vhonamentse. He is my chief/boss. Nhe-vhonamnone. He is our chief.
hevhonamo na. his chief. IndepNoun: veho. -he-vhonethstove vai. have the chieftainship; be the chief. he-vhonethstove He is the chief/he
has the chieftainship. See: -vhoneve.
hev'hehpe ni. bile, gall. used as a dip for eating raw liver. Etymology: *wewiiswepi 'his gall'. hev'keonhesthttse ni. Indian baloney. hev'keonstse ni. guts; small intestines.Variant: hev'eonstse. See: v'keonstse. -he-v'tve vai. have a brother-in-law (of a man). he-v'tove He has a brother-in-law. tshe-v'tvto
the one who is my brother-in-law. vta: -he-v'tv'tov. Etymology: cf. M owe:qtawew.
-he-v'tv'tov vta. have s.o. as brother-in-law (of male). Nhe-v'toventse. He's my brother-in-law.
he-v'tovenoto. He has him as brother-in-law.
hev'tovo na. his brother-in-law. of a male. Stem: -v'tov. See: n'tve my brother-in-law; 'tve your
brother-in-law.
heventse ni. his home. Oblique: hevntse. hvnve ni. his camp, his home. Usage: obsolescing. See: nvne our camp; heventse his camp;
hesto'htsesttse his home.
-he-vnove vai. have a dwelling; have a home. he-vnove. He has a tent/dwelling/home. sa-hevnvhe. He doesn't have a home. Ts'ameehnove tsa'e tssa-hetao'o=ta'se=taehevnovstovhane When they were moving about (nomadic), when there was no permanent home. [1987:96] See: -he-sto'htsstove; -he-mhen.
hevono na. her co-wife. This is a woman who is also a wife to her husband. -he-vse''tov vta. have s.o. as friend (female to female). Nhe-vse''tova. She has me as a friend (= I
am her friend). Nhe-vse'entse. She is my friend. Masculine: -he-vsenh'tov. See: -hevsta''seon'tov.
-he-vsenehe vai. have a friend (male to male). he-vsenehe. He has a friend. vta: -he-vsenhe'tov. -he-vsenh'tov vta. have s.o. as friend. male to male friendship. Nhe-vsenhe'tova. He has me as a
friend/I am his friend. Nhe-vsenhentse. He is my friend. he-vsenhenoto. He is his friend. Nstavhe-vsenhe'tovhtsmne! Let's be friends again! (a way of seeking or extending forgiveness). Feminine: -he-vse''tov. See: -he-vsta''seon'tov; friend; have s.o. as a friend.
-he-vsenhetan'tov
vta. want to be a friend to s.o. male to male friendship. ohtaohkevhevsenhetan'tovho He wanted to become friends with him again (for example, to repair
breakdown in the relationship).
-he-vssone vai. have a sibling. includes cousin. he-vssone He has a cousin. tshe-vssnto the
one who is my cousin/sibling. vta: -he-vssn'tov.
-he-vssn'tov
vta. have s.o. as sibling. Cheyenne sibling includes cousin. Nhe-vssne'tova. He/she has me as a sibling/I am his/her sibling. Nhe-vssnentse. He/she is my sibling (including cousin). he-vssnenoto. He/she has him as sibling. vai. have s.o. valued as sibling. this form makes it clear you are referring specifically to a cousin rather than an immediate sibling. tshe-vssnevoemo the one who is my cousin. Nhe-vssnevomo I consider him as my sibling/cousin. he-vssnevoemho He consider him as his sibling/cousin.
-he-vssnevoem
hevssono na. his/her sibling. includes cousins. Stem: -vsesn. -he-vsevoone vai. have a companion; have a partner; be married. he-vsevoone. He/She is married
(lit., already has a partner). Nhe-vsevoone. I am married. See: -vstoem.
-he-vsevoon'tov vta. have s.o. as companion; have s.o. as a partner; have s.o. as a spouse. N-hevsevoonentse. He/She is my spouse. See: -vstoem.
-he-vsta''seon'tov
vta. have s.o. as an inseparable companion; have s.o. as a buddy. hevsta''seonnoto. He is inseparable with him; he has him as a buddy/chum. not as advanced a relationship as -he-vse''tov or -he-vsen'tov. See: -he-vse''tov have s.o. as female friend; he-vsenhe'tov have s.o. as male friend; -vsta''sem.
-he-vkeme vai. have a grandmother; mother-in-law. he-vkeme He has a grandmother. Etymology:

cf. M owo:hkomae:hsew. tshe-vkemto the one who is my grandmother/mother-in-law. tshe-vkemstovstse the one who is grandmother. vta: -he-vkem'tov.
-he-vkem'tov
vta. have s.o. as grandmother; mother-in-law. Nhe-vkementse. She is my grandmother (or mother-in-law). Nhe-vkem'tova. I am her grandmother/she has me as grandmother. he-vkemnoto. He has her as grandmother. na. his/her grandmother; his/her mother-in-law. Stem: -vkem. hevkemevho their grandmother. See: hememo his grandfather.
hevkemo
hevekse ni. windpipe. this is eaten; it is flat and gristly. Etymology: cf. *wiiskwayi pouch, crop; cf.
M wiihko:s(aeh).
hevtme na. her brother-in-law. Stem: -vtame. -he-vtame vai. have a cross sibling-in-law. See: ntame. he-vtame He has a cross sibling-in-law.
vta: -he-vtam'tov.
-he-vtam'tov vta. have s.o. as cross sibling-in-law. That is, brother-in-law of a woman, or sister-inlaw of a man. Nhe-vtamentse. She's my cross sibling-in-law. he-vtamnoto. He has her as cross sibling-in-law. vai: -he-vtame.
hevtove ni. his body. Usage: obsolescing. See: ntove my body. -he-vtshve'tov vta. have s.o. as a substitute; take place of. Nhe-vtshventse I am like him (that
is, he's taking my place). The magpie that way took the place of the man (or mankind) in the Great Race.
-he-veve
vai. have intercourse. -heveve. He (or she) had intercourse.Literally: have-wife (historical origin of word). Usage: vulgar. See: he- have; vevstse horn/antler. Etymology: cf. *wiiwali
'his wife'; cf. M we:wew.
-he-vv'tov vta. have intercourse with s.o. -hevvenoto. He had intercourse with her. Usage: vulgar. -he-vv'tov vta. have intercourse with s.o. he-vvenoto. He had sex with her. Usage: probably not
used as widely as -hestse'm'tov; this form may be obsolescing now. See: -he-stse'meots'tov.
-he-vvetan vai. want to have intercourse (said of a man). he-vvetno. He wants to have intercourse.
See: -he'tan.
-he-vxahe vai. have grandchild(ren), have child(ren)-in-law. Nhe-vxahe. I have a grandchild(ren)/I

have a child(ren)-in-law. Nma'x-he-vxahe. I have lots of grandchildren. tshe-vxahto the one who is my grandchild. tshe-vxahstovstse the one who is grandchild. vta: -he-vxah'tov. See: -vxah grandchild (poss.).
-he-vxah'tan vai. respect child-in-law. noo, staoseehohehe-vxah'tanhoo'o nhe h'e. My, this
woman really had a lot of respect toward her son-in-law. (1987:269).
-he-vxah'tov vta. have s.o. as grandchild; child-in-law. Nhe-vxah'tova He had me as grandchild/I

am his grandchild. Nhe-vxahentse. He/she is my grandchild (or child-in-law). hevxahnoto. He has him as grandchild/child-in-law. Mntahe-vxah'tovatshhe. You must already be my son-in-law. [1987:174]
hevxaho na. his/her grandchild(ren); his/her child-in-law. Stem: -vxah. hvoe- i. wring; squeeze. -hvoen vti. wring s.t./s.o. -hvona. He wrung it.
vta. -hvoenho. He wrung him (for example, a cloth).
-hvoen vai. wring. N-hvnne. I'm wringing out. vta: -hvoen. hvoen'o ni. wringer. old style wringer, as on a wringer washing machine. -hvoeotse vai. bleed. See: -h''o; -ma'veotse. -hvoeotse He's bleeding. -he-voesttoo'e vai. wear a belt. -he-voesttoo'e. He has a belt on. -he-voesttoeo'o. They have belts
on. Notes (Phonology) vs
hevoestoto na. her dress(es). IndepNoun: hoesttse; Stem: -voesttse. -he-voestove vai. have on a dress, wear a dress. -hevoestove. She has on a dress. he-voestveo'o.
They are wearing dresses. IndepNoun: hoesttse; Preverb: he-3. See: -hoestove be a dress.
-hvoetanhno'ham
vai. milk (livestock; esp. cows). -hvoetanhno'hme. He's milking.Variant: -hvoetanho'ham. Literally: wring-breast-livestock. Medial: -tanah; Final: o'ham.
hvoetanhve'ho'otoa'e na. milk cow. -he-vhkha'e vai. wear a hat. he-vhkha'e. He has a hat (owned or physically on head). Nevhe
tshhe-vhkh'stse h'the? Whose hat is this? IndepNoun: hhkha'e.
-he-vho'one vai. have; wear bracelet(s). See: -voho; -hoho. he-vho'one She is wearing bracelet(s). -he-vhtohe vai. wear pants. -hevhtohe. He's wearing pants. See: hhto legging; hohtoho pants. hevhtoho ni. his pants. one or more pairs. See: -vohto; hhto. -hvo'sn vta. vti. squeeze s.t./s.o. can be of squeezing toothpaste. -hvo'snho hevema'xemeno.
He squeezed the lemon.
-he-v'ho'htamaahstove
vai. have light. he-v'ho'htamaahstove He is countenanced with light/he has light in his being.
hev'honove ni. strips of meat hanging on each rib. -he-v'konone vai. wear hightop moccasins. -he-v'konone. He has (Crow-style) hightop moccasins
on.
-he-vo'tane vai. wear a choker, wear a tie, wear a necklace. Cheyenne he- 'have' has the sense of wear
or own. he-vo'tane. He's wearing a tie. Naa n-he-vo'tane hne namme mhnhaehevo'tanhhe. And I have a choker, it used to be my grandfather's choker. [1987:116] IndepNoun: ho'ota.
hevohestoto na. his/her relative(s). -he-vohestove vai. have a relative. he-vohestove He has a relative(s). tshe-vhstvto the one
who is my relative. vta: -he-vohestov'tov.
-he-vohestov'tov vta. have s.o. as a relative. Nhe-vohestove'tova. I am his relative/he has me as a

relative. Nhe-vohestoventse. He is my relative. Nhe-vohestovenoto. They are my relatives. he-vohestovenoto. He has him as relative. See: -voohesttse.
-hevoo'o
vai. say (third person singular independent indicative stem). -hevoo'o. He said. vta: -het. See: -heve; -xhevoo'o; -ooxhevoo'o. Etymology: cf. M wa:h.
-hevoon vai. say (3rd person plural verb stem). -hevone. They said. x-hevone? What did they
say? ohk-hevone. They regularly say. vta: -het. See: -he; -heve.
-he-vsee'se vai. wear earrings. he-vsee'se She's wearing earrings. he-vseeo'o They are wearing
earrings. Notes (Phonology) vs IndepNoun: hsee'se.
hevovetso
na. 1 whirlwind; whirlwind spirit; dust devil; dragonfly. Pl: hevovetsono. Obviative: hevovetsono. The whirlwind (or tornado) has been considered one of the sacred
powers. People are told to stay away from dust devils; they may snatch your spirit. They are also called mstaeo'o. Hevovetso ameohe. A tornado is going along. See: ma'xhevovetso; ma'heono; mahpe hevovetso. 2 Little Whirlwind.
-he-vovetsnevhtheve vai. vii. have a whirlwind design. the design is twirled around as a nautilus,
not as concentric circles. -hevovetsnevhthvnstse They (inan.; for example, moccasins) have a whirlwind design.
-he-vxeone
vai. have sock(s) (on). N-he-vseonehe Do you already have your socks on? IndepNoun: hoxeo'o.
-he-xaemahe vai. have a boil. -he-xaemahe. He has a boil. -he-xaemhvkht vai. boil on the leg. he-xaemhvkhta. He has a boil on his leg. hexaen'kne ni. sweet onion. looks like a small lily. See: xaenhsthvo. hexhkmhne ni. tailgate. smooth part of large intestine near anus; it is in layers. hexva'e na. bedbug; flea. Notes (Phonology) iahPl: hexov'e. Obviative: hexov'e. See: khknshe. hexovv'stse ni. a kind of reeds. hexvo
na. clam. Usage: obsolescing. translation uncertain; may mean 'shell' to some people. See: nma'ke.Pl: hexovono. Obviative: hexovono.
Hexovn'e na. Shell Woman. See: Mne''e. /-hk/ ??. diminutive consonantal symbolism. sometimes both diminutives /-hk/ and /-sn/ appear in a
form. mh'o vs. mhhko 'melon' vs. 'little melon'. 'e vs. 'kso /'ehkesn/ 'duck' vs. 'duckling'. pso vs. phkso 'cat' vs. 'kitty'. also there is diminutive /-'k/ for non-diminutive /-'/. o'h'kso ? (cf. 'he'e 'river'; 'he'ke 'creek') 'horse' vs. 'colt'. See: /-sn/ diminutive suffix.
/-hke/ na. mother. he-ke his mother. irregular stem. Nhko'ehe my mother. neko your mother. See: /hko.../.
-hke'ehe na. grandmother; mother-in-law (poss.). original meaning extended to mother-in-law. See: vkeme; /-hkeme/. vai: -he-vkeme. N-ke'ehe my grandmother/mother-in-law. (Phonology) 'grandmother' is an irregular stem Vocative: nke'e. vkeme. keme your grandmother. Notes (Phonology) 'grandmother' is an irregular stem Notes
/-hkeme/ na. grandmother; mother-in-law (poss.). original meaning extended to 'mother-in-law'. See: -(hk)ht
mbp. leg.Variant: -ht2. -'khtxe. He fell and broke his leg. -'khta. He has a broken leg. -heskhtaotse. He has cramps in his legs. See: -haht foot.
-hkos mbp. finger; toe; claw. tthpe'-kse. He has big fingers. '-kse. He has a broken finger.
(also pronounced -'ese). he-ksotse. He has cramps in his finger/toes.Variant: -s. See: mo'ko; -ohev. Etymology: *-kaya.
/-hko.../ na. mother. See: /-hke/. N-hko'ehe my mother. ne-ko your mother. Vocative: n-hko'e. -hn fai. motion/walk (AI final). See: -ohts. am-hne He walked. amevon-hne He crawled. hos-hne.
He walked backward.
-ho
mode. preterit suffix; surprisal suffix. suffixes to verbs and, less commonly, nouns, to express
emphasis or surprise, esp. when in speaker-hearer context; otherwise, it seems basically to mark a verb as belonging to a legend or folktale genre. AI and TA surprisal forms end with hoo'o and -hoono sequences. TI forms end with -noho. II forms end with -neho. hvomhoono. He saw him/them (pret). hnmen-hoo'o. He sang (surp.). Hvmhe ts'the tsho'sese ksovaheho anhevoheha-hoono. Apparently these who danced, the young men, (were) jackrabbits (surp.). (1980:25:7). See: -on PRET; -sest ATTRIB.
-h
pro. obviative suffix. vom-ho. He saw him. (note nvmo 'I saw him'). Nvomam-ho hestnaho. I saw his daughter. Hee'haho tshsenst-ho. His son speaks Cheyenne. he'-ho woman (obv). See: -; -tse; -ae. Etymology: cf. *-ali 'sg.'; -ahi 'pl.'.
ho- REDUP. very. N-hohna I'm very hungry. See: hohe-.
-hah'en vai. take out food, bring out food. This is an important part of the Sun Dance. It typically
refers to when a Sun Dance painter's family brings its food out of the lodge and eats it. The family has been paid for the painter's services with food. -hah'ne. She's bringing out the food. -hah'eneo'o. They are taking out the food. Antonym: -sth'en; Final: -ah'en. See: nah'en.
hahno ni. shield.Variant: hnhne. Pl: hahnnstse. This is probably the correct spelling for 'shield,'
rather than ho'anoo'o. The spelling ho'anoo'o in the Cheyenne Topical Dictionary (p. 207) is likely an error, a result of misreading Petter's spelling hoahno (PD961), and current speakers' unfamiliarity with this term. Usage: not well known today. vta: -homa'ov. See: hnhne shield; ho'anoo'o shield; hovhne animals.
-ha'
vai. go out, dash outside, out (in baseball). -h'o. He went out quickly. Nhe'e h'tva mstama'x-ha'hevhe. Then at some time they dashed outside. [1987:255] Final: -a'. See: ha'xe; -hehn. ni. shield. hno'hom'hnse hnhne. He was dancing with a shield. (1987:48). Usage: possibly subdialectal pronunciation of hahno. See: hahno; ho'anoo'o. vii. smoke issue from. esp. of smoke coming out of a chimney or stovepipe. -hatva. Smoke is coming out (of the chimney). See: -he'p. vii. smoke issue from, smoke come out. -hatov'e. Smoke is coming out. sahatovoehane. Smoke is not coming out. Notes (Phonology) vs
hnhne -hatov
-hatov'e
he- pv. out. -heha'hhtse. He spilled it (for example, dishwater) outside. -hetshete. He was
looking outside (for example, while leaning on window sill). -henaa'e m'evtse. The baby was born dead (lit., died (coming) out). -hean'o. It (or he) fell out (for example, of a pocket). i. N-hestno. I put him out.
-heh vta. restrain; prevent s.o. from leaving. -hehho. He restrained him. Heeha! Don't let him go!
/ Restrain him! Hehoo'o! Restrain him from leaving (at some time in the future)! (cf. hohoo'o Stay on (here) in the future!). vti: -hests. See: -hestomev; -nhestov; -hot; -hoont.
-hehahtaa'e vai. feet show. -hehahtaa'e. His feet are showing. BodyPartMedial: -haht. -hoehahts vti. cover s.t. with tarp. -hoehhtse. He covered it with a tarp. hohase p. hill. Usage: less common alternate pronunciation to hohose.Variant: hohose. -hoehasen vai. put up shade; put up sweat. such a hanging up a tarp for a shade; can also be used to
refer to putting up a sweat--as such, it is a newer word than -m. -hoehasne. He put up a shade. -hoehaseneo'o. They put up a shade. See: hooheo'o; -m.
hoehasen-am'eneo'o ni. covered wagon. See: am'eneo'o; hooesnhevo'khantse. hehevo'sesttse ni. recess.Literally: outside-(go).to-play-NOM. Hoheso na. Little Hill. -hehn vai. emerge; go outside. -hhne. He went outside. See: -hva'xe; -ho'ehn. -hehntan vai. 1 want to go out. -hehntno. He wants to go out.
2 wants to relieve himself. Usage: old euphemism; not used today. See: -o'ehn.
hohose ni. hill. Oblique: hohosva. See: vose; nhamose.Variant: hohase. Usage: This pronunciation is
more common than hohase.. Final: -ose.
-heht vta. go out of s.o., exit s.o.; flow out of s.o. can refer to menstrual blood flow. -hehtaa'e. It
flowed out of him. -hehtaa'e ma'e. The blood flowed out of her. See: -nheston; ma'veotse; -heho't; -ho'ht.
-he'hotse vai. run out. M'hk-he'hotshevhe nhe vo'staneo'o. Those animals would run out
(of the log). (1987:247). Final: -o'hotse. See: -heohovohe.
-he'haht'
vai. emerge feet first. -he'haht'o. His feet came out/he came out feet first (for example, when born). Medial: -haht.
He'hoohe na. Flyingout.
-he'sev vii. flow out. -he'svo. It (the liquid) is flowing out. Synonym: -henee'e. See: -heneoo'e; honea'.
-ho't vti. rent s.t., reside at s.t., inhabit s.t. -ho'ta. He is residing at it. ohkemhae-ho'tanovtse
ventse. They used to live in tepees. vta: -ho'tov, -ho'tovom- ??. See: -ho't; -ho't; -hoe't; hoo'e; -ho'ts. Etymology: cf. O abiit- (N).
-hoe't vii. cling, hang from (esp. of berries). This stem and its final -oe't refer to hanging from s.t. to
which the object is attached; in contrast, -host refers to "hanging", or being suspended in space, even if the object which is "hanging" touches the ground, as when such verbs refer to the height of an object. -ho'to. He (or it) is clinging (for example, to a vine). -hoe'tnstse. They (inan.) are hanging. vai. Ma'xemeno -hoe'too'o. The apples are hanging (on a tree). See: -hoo'ta; -hoe't; -hose; host; -ho'oe't. Etymology: cf. M akiiqtaw.
-ho'tov vta. sit next to s.o., sit in for s.o., represent s.o. -ho'tovho. He's sitting next to him. Nho'tvo. I'm sitting in for him. V'h'se ho'tovhtseo'o. They are sitting / living a ways from each other. vai: -hoo'e.
-hoem
vta. count s.o. -hoemho. He counted him. Mstaosaneas-hoemhevhe tshestxetsse hestotseho. He started counting them, how many there were of his animals (horses). (1987:170). Nsa-hoemheo'o. I did not count (any of) them. Nsamhe-hoemheo'o. I did not count all of them. vai: -hoston; Final: -oem. See: -tnetoem. Etymology: *akim-. na. blanket, robe. Preferred Cheyenne spelling is homa, although hema is historically expected. Notes (Phonology) iahPl: hoemaho. Obviative: hoemaho; Homonym: hema2 mosquito.Variant: homa. Etymology: *sakime:wa. Notes (Phonology) Homonym: hema1 blanket. See: homa. iahPl: hoemaho. Obviative: hoemaho;
hema1
hema2 na. mosquito. Preferred Cheyenne spelling is homa, although hema is historically expected.
Hema'hahe
na. Old Man Winter.Variant: Hoema'haahe. See: V'keme. Etymology: cf. Alg. sa:kima:wa chief.
-hemohe vai. want to go outside, strain to go outside. for instance, how a baby acts that wants to go
outside. -hemohe. He wants to go outside. fai: -mohe.
-henaa'e vai. born dead, come out dead. -henaa'e m'evtse. The baby was born (came out) dead.
vai: -naa'e; Preverb: he-.
-heneenh(n) vta. command s.o. to go out. N-heneenhno. I commanded him to go out. M'vheneenhnhevhe. He commanded him to go out. Final: -neenh(n).
-henee'e -hene'
vii. flow out. -henee'e. where it flows out (that is, a spring). Notes (Phonology) vs Synonym: -he'sev. See: -honea'. vii. emerge grow. -hn'o nhto'eo'o. My garden has already come through. See: hne' grow. vxva. Prairie dogs peak out of (their) holes. (1979:204). Notes (Phonology) vs
-henoo'e vai. look out sitting. -henoo'e. He looked out sitting. nonevonkeho ohk-henoeo'o -honove vii-impers. be at. See: -hoo'e; -hostove. -honove there is being at. -heetanvo'ha'ehn vai. lose money and walk out penniless. perhaps at a hand game or casino. heetanvo'ha'hne. He lost his money and walked out penniless.
-heoh't vti. bring out s.t. -heoh'ta He brought it out. -heohovohe

vai. run out from fear. x-heohovohesstse xaevo'stane. The Indian ran out. (1980:41:10). fai: -ohov. See: -heohovoohe. See: -heohovohe.
-heohovoohe vai. flee out. for example, to flee from inside a house. -heohovoohe. He fled out. He'e na. Stands Out Woman. -he'e vii. stick out, stand out. -he'e. It's sticking out. for example, of a nail sticking out from a
wall. fii: -. See: -hoe'e.
-hootse vai. sit. Taxa'e tshhe ntaen-hootsema. Let's just sit here. [JOURNEY.TXT] See: -hoo'e. -heotseh vta. take out s.o. -heotshho. He took him out (for example, out of a building). -heotssan vai. paid. -heotssne He got paid. Usage: od. Said to be the Southern Ch. way of
expressing the meaning of getting paid, while -onnxomon is the No. Ch. way. See: onnxomon.Literally: take out (something).
-heotsests vti. take out s.t. -heotsstse. He took it out. vai: -heotseh. See: -ho'eotsests. -hosan vai. hang. that is, put up items. -hosne. He's hanging (things up). vti: -hoests; vii: -host2. Hosanesttse
ni. Christmas; Christmas present.Literally: hanging of things on (Christmas trees). Plural: hosanstottse Christmas presents. See: Stove-anva.Variant: Hosenesttse.
-hose1 vai. hang (state of object). -hose. He's hanging. -hosenahe? Is he hanging? -hosenaho. He
(obv) is hanging. -sahosenhe. He is not hanging. M-hosenhhe. He must be hanging (inferential mode). -hosenao'o. They are hanging. AlternatePlural: -hosne.. xhosenasstse. He was said to be hanging (attributive mode). -xhosensesto. They (an.) were said to be hanging (attributive mode). -hose. He (esp. animate moon) is already hanging (for example, first quarter). e'he h'e -hose. The clock is high up (for example, high up on the wall). xaetae-hose e'he. The sun is hanging right there (for example, shining right in my eyes). Cheyenne 'hang' is semantically broader than English 'hang'; it can refer to a kind of 'being at' of "ephemeral" beings such as spirits, the Holy Spirit, etc.; also refers to "hanging", or suspension, in space, and can refer to the height of something which makes physical contact with the ground; the stem -hoe't and its final -oe't refer to hanging from something to which the object referred to is attached. Cheyenne 'hang' and 'float' are phonetically identical. They are either two senses of the same word or homophones. Notes (Phonology) /n/ does not occur in
affirmative, indicative mode when subject is sg.; in such case, the remaining word-final // is phonemically high-pitch; otherwise, this /e/ is phonemically low-pitch; this same alternation is experienced by 'lie' finals; cf. -en fai: -ose; vii: -host. See: -hose2 float. Etymology: *ako:cine-.
-hose2 vai. float. -hose. He's floating. -hosem1 vta. hang up s.o. -hosemho. He hung him (for example, hung a shirt out to dry). hehosemho. He hung him outside. T-hosemeha! Go hang him up! vai: -hose; vii: -host; vti: host; Homonym: -hosem2 soak s.o.. See: -'eet hang s.o..
-hosem2 vta. soak s.o. -hosemho. He soaked him. vti: -hosts; Homonym: -hosem1 hang up s.o..
Etymology: cf. M akiihcemaew.
hoesnhevo'khantse ni. wingtipped canvas moccasins.Literally: covered-nose-moccasins. Medial: es. See: hoehasen-am'eneo'o.
hos'o ni. hanger.Pl: hoseontse. hoeseon'e ni. bed. Oblique: hoeseon'va. See: h'otseon'e; eesttse; hstoomaesttse. -hoseotse vai. have measles (or smallpox). -hoseotse. He has measles/smallpox. -host1 vti. count s.t., read s.t. -hosta. He counted/read it. -hostnvo. They read it. Hosthtse!
Read it! Nx-hsttse! Read it! vta: -hoem.
-host2 vii. hang. -hosta. It's hanging. Tne'e -ho'osta? What time is it? vai: -hose. See: -hoe't.
fii: -ost. See: -tshetost. Etymology: *ako:te:wi.
-host3 vti. hang s.t. -hosta. He is hanging it up. T-hosthtse! Go hang it up! Nxh-hsthtse!
Come hang it up! vai: -hosen; vta: -hosem. See: -hoe't. Final: -ost.
-hesth'en vai. bring out the food. esp. about when a painter's wife at a Sun Dance brings out the
food she and her family will eat. -hesth'ne. He is bringing out the food. fai: -ah'en.
-hesta'hahtov
vta. throw (something) out for s.o. Nke'ehe nhne'hkho'hhotseta; ntaohkhhoesta'hahtovo pa'e. My grandmother used to come ask me; I would take out for
her the ashes.
-hesta'hahts vti. throw out s.t. can refer to pulling out penis after intercourse. -hesta'hhtse. He
threw it out. See: -vho'oests; -n'ta'hahts.
-hesta'ham
vta. throw out s.o. -hesta'hamho. He threw him out (for example, a ball). Nhesta'hmo hvsve-mhta'soma. I threw out (cast out) the evil spirit (said by an Indian minister). fta: -a'ham. See: -sta'x'tov.
-hesta' vai. go out quickly, be out, out. -hest'o. He's out (as in baseball). naa m-'x-hesta'otsse
or whether (the gum) flew out of (his mouth) (1987:277). can refer to a man disengaging quickly after intercourse.
-hesta''h vta. put out s.o.; pull out s.o. can be used of tagging s.o. out in baseball. See: -hesto'a'. hesta'o'ho. He put him out. N-hesta''ho. I pulled him out. (for example, from a hole in the ice, or a burning house). -hesta''h'e. He was put out by him (obv). See: -hestan.
-hestan vti. put out s.t./s.o. -hestna. He put it out.

vta. -hestanho. He put him out. N-hestno. I put him out. Etymology: *nesa:kitena:wa. See: -hesta''h.
hoestto ni. belt. Possessive: -voestto.Pl: hoesttnstse. -hestoh vti. put out s.t. by tool. -hestha. He put it out by tool. -hesthohts vai. tracks lead out. -hesthhtse. His tracks lead out. fai: -ohohts. -hest'a'ham
vta. throw s.o. out. esp. in baseball to throw a ball that puts out a player. hest'a'hamho. He threw him (e.g. a card) down. Hest'a'hameha! Throw him (e.g. ball) out! See: -hest'h place s.o. out; -hesta'.
-hest'a' vai. be out, fly out, fold (in a card game). for example, when someone becomes out in
baseball or folds in a card game. Usage: loan transl. which has had common usage. -hest''o. He's out. See: -hest'h; -hest'a'ham.
-hest'a'ov vta. drive out s.o. -hest'a'ovho He drove him (for example, deer; bull) out. -hest'an vta. take out s.o. -hest'anho. He took him out. -hest'hne vai. Medial: -'(e).emerge from forest; bushes; brush. xhe'kem'-hoest'hnesstse oekse
the dog came out of the bushes (1987:259).
hest'ma p. outside; off the reservation. sfx: -m. -hest'emeve

vai. be an outsider. See: -ntoveohts; -aseneenh(n). -hest'emeve. He is an outsider/an exile. [Stamper 1991:10]
-hest'eohe vai. emerge from forest, emerge from bushes, go out of bounds. -hest'eohe. He came
out (for example, a deer came out of the forest). hnhm'-hoest'eohsesto. They came out of the forest (attrib). [VISION.TXT] Medial: -'(e) wood.
-hest'ehtse vai. emerge from forest; bushes; brush. -hest'ehtse He (for example, deer) came
out (for example, from forest).
-hest'evo'e'ov vta. kick out s.o., chase s.o. out. -hest'evo'e'ovho. He 'kicked' him out. -hest'h vta. place s.o. out. -hesto'ho. He placed him outside. See: -hest'a'ham. -hest'o'hotse vai. run out of the brush. naa ts'the mstanems-hoest'o'hotshhe But this
one (the girl on the ground) dashed out of the brush. (1987:289). Medial: -'(e); Final: -o'hotse.
-hesto'ovo'oh(n) vta. knock s.o. out. for example, hit a baseball over the fence. -hesto'ovo'hnho
hohtsemo He knocked the ball out (over the fence).
-hesto'xe vai. carry load out of trees. -hesto'xe. He carried a load out of the forest. fai: -o'xe. hoestome
na. chicken hawk.Variant: hoestomo. pronunciation uncertain. Pl: hoestomeo'o. Usage: nearly
obsolescent
-hestomev vta. prohibit s.o. from doing something. -hestomevho. He prohibited him from doing
something. N-hestomvo. I did not allow him (for example, to do it); I wouldn't let him have what he wanted. Nhostomevnoto ma'xemeno. I didn't allow him to have an apple. Nstsenhe'-hostomnnvo tshhe. (That) is how long you will not be permitted (to drink) here. (1987:56). Antonym: -amhtov; vti: -hests. See: -hoont; -hostomev; -heh; -ta'ta'enomev.
-hostomev vta. read to s.o. -hostomevho. He read to him. See: -hestomev; -vovstomev.
hoestomo
na. hawk. (one kind; chicken hawk??).Pl: hoestomono. obsolescent.Variant: hoestome. See: anohe; pe'e; netse.
Usage: nearly
-hoestnan vai. make dresses. See: hoesttse. -hoestnne He makes dresses. -hostn
vai. count; read; study; go to school. -hstne. He's reading. -hostoneo'o. They are studying. sa-hostonheo'o. They are not studying. me'-hostonstove. There should be studying. Th-hstnstse! Go to school! Th-hstne! Go to school! (said to more than one person). tssah-hostonhese those who do not go to school. ts-hostonese students/those who read. vta: -hoem, -host; fai: -ostn. See: -mxe'stn.
hostonee'he na. calendar. Usage: probably a neologism, compared with use of e'he by itself for
'month'.Literally: count-moon. Variant: e'he.
hostnhe na. student, reader, pupil.Literally: reader. Pl: hostonheo'o. Obviative: hostonheho; vai: hostn.
hostonmh'o ni. school.Literally: reading-house. Usage: od (some say that this is an Okla. dialect
word). See: mxe'stnemh'o.
hostn'o ni. calculator. Usage: neologism.Literally: counter. hostonesttse ni. counting; reading; number; poster. vai: -hostn. -hestsem1
vta. drag out s.o. -hestsemho. He dragged him out. [1987:96] Nstsevho'hestsemaa'e. It will drag you back out (said about something that you give back to someone who gave it to you in the first place). Final: -htsem. See: -hohtsem drag home s.o.; hestsem2 drag home s.o.. See: -hohtsem drag home s.o.; -hestsem1 drag out s.o..
-hestsem2 vta. drag home s.o. Nstavho'-hestsemaa'e. It will drag you back home. Final: -htsem. -hestseoh'ta hoesttse
vti. drag s.t. quickly. for example, to pull a car out of the ditch. Nxhhoestseoh'thtse naamho'hesttse! Drag my car out (of the ditch)! na. dress.Pl: hoestoto. Obviative: hoestoto; Possessive: -voesttse; fai: -oesta1. Etymology: *ako:tayi skirt.
-hestv vta. keep something from s.o. -hestovo. He won't let him have it. vti: -hests. -hoestove -hostove -hosts
vai. be a dress. -hoestove. It is a dress. -hoestveo'o. They are dresses. See: -hevoestove wear a dress. vii. be living (there). -hostove "they live there" (for example, there is living in that house).Variant: -honove. vti. soak s.t. -hostse. He soaked it. -hostsnvo. They soaked it. vta: -hosem. See: hoests hang s.t..
-hstse vti. clutch s.t., hang on to s.t. that is, does not want to part with something. -hstse. He
doesn't want to part with it. -hestsnvo. They don't want to part with it. vta: -het, hestomev, -hestv. See: -hoests hang s.t.; -hosts soak s.t..
-hoests vti. hang s.t. -hostse. He hung it up. -hoestsnvo. They hung it up. vii: -host2. See: hosts soak it; -hests not let s.t. go.
Hoestsheome
term.
ni. Sacred Hat Tepee.Literally: hanging-lodge. where the Sacred Hat hangs. See: hhkha'ome. Usage: hhkha'ome is probably much more commonly used than this
-hoeem vta. put s.o. on as a cover. for example, to put a cover over a sweat lodge. -hoeemho. He
put him on as a cover. vti: -hoehahts. See: -hosem hang up s.o..
-hetaneva' vai. stick out tongue. -hetanev'o. He is sticking his tongue out. See: -hetaneva'xe. -hetaneva'xe vai. tongue come out. can refer to tongue wiggling out of the mouth, for instance, as a
physical problem, maybe a tic or a symptom of old age. -hetaneva'xe. His tongue is wiggling out of his mouth. See: -hetaneva'.
-hetxe'ov vta. chase out s.o. -hetxe'ovho. He chased him out. See: -hevo'e'ov. -hetht vti. take s.t. outside by mouth. -hethta. He took it outside in his mouth. fti: -ht.
-hetov vai. smoke come out. -hetva. A lot of smoke is coming out (of the chimney). See: -hatov. -hetovanahn vai. You're making a lot of smoke come out (of your chimney). Nma'x-hetovnhne. hetovnhnesttse ni. stovepipe, chimney. See: 'kovo'snhnesttse. -hetova'e vii. smoke come out. for example, out of a house. -hetova'e. Smoke is coming out.
sa-hetovaehane. Smoke is not coming out.
-hetsvaehahts vti. get rid of s.t.; throw away s.t. N-hetsvaehhtse. I got rid of it. Usage: fig..
See: -vho'oests; -tsvaehahts.
-hevo'e'ov vta. chase out s.o.. -hevo'e'ovho. He chased him out. N-hevo'e'ova. He "kicked" me
out. Initial: he-. See: -hetxe'ov; -havo'e'ov; -hesta'ham.
-hevo'ho'ho'he vai. chased out by heat. Nto's-hevo'ho'ho'he. I'm going to be chased out by the
heat (for example, it's so hot in your house).
-hevma'hen vai. sweep (something) out. for instance, to sweep something out of the house or
barn. -hevma'hne. He swept (something) out.
hoha- pv. see hohe-. Often sounds like hoha- but is actually spelled hohe-. See: hohe-. hohahpe'e p. lots; much. hohahpe'e hv'he m'eme lots (of 'things') are explained (for example, in
this book).
-hohahpe' vii. be very huge. -hohahp'o it's very huge. -hohahtomn

vai. hear something extraordinary. N-hohahtomne. I heard (something) extraordinary. See: -ahtomn; -hohatsest.
-hohahtohe vai. roar. -hohahtohe nonma'e. The thunder is roaring. -hohahtov

vta. really believe s.o. about something (and not believe others). -hohahtovho. He really believed him (and nobody else) about something. See: -ahtov.
-hohahtsen vai. have a very big mouth. for example, talks, making things worse than what they are;
or, speaks convincingly but never follows through. -hohhtse He has a really big mouth/he's a windbag.
-hoha'hoo'e vai. be there for a very long time. See: -hoo'e. m'ta'-hohe'hoehevhe They had
been there for a long time (1987:40). Notes (Phonology) vs Non-reduplicated: -ha'hoo'e.
hoha'ee p. very late. hoha'ee taa'va very late at night (1987:269). [1987:198] hoh'e p. very far away. See: h'e; hohtaa'e. -hoha'o vai. stare, take everything in in sight. -hoh'o. He's taking everything in in sight; he's
really staring. fai: -o'.
-hohatam vta. think very highly of s.o. -hohatamhtseo'o. They think they are tough. See: -hatam. -hohatamaahe vai. be very powerful; feisty. can refer to wanting to pick a fight. -hohatamaahe He
is powerful. Non-reduplicated: -hatamaahe. Notes (Phonology) redup
hohatamaahesttse ni. power/might. See: -htohatamaahesttse. -hohatamno'e vii. be terrible; be very bad (weather, environment, situation). Holliman Spelling: i yo
hi da mi noi. -hohatamano'etse tstotxsto He said something stupendous. hohatamano'nse It was terrible (1987:4:18). See: -phvatamno'e. Notes (Phonology) redup; iah
-hohatamao'
vai. laugh very intensely. -hohatama'o. He's laughing very intensely. Nonreduplicated: -hatama'o.
-hohatan vai. amazed. -hohtno. He was amazed. -hohatanotse vai. become very frightened, become very upset. -hohatanotse. He became very
frightened. [1987:198]
-hohatsest vti. amazed at s.t. can be idiomatically translated as 'to regard s.t. as out of this world'. hohtssta. He's amazed by it. vta: -hohatam. See: -hoho'; -hohooe'e; -otosetsest; hohahtomn.
hohe- pv. very much. -hohe-tonto. It is very very cold. Notes (Phonology) contracts to ohe- Nonreduplicated: he-. See: osee-; vot'-.
-hohna vai. be very hungry. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -hean. -hoheno'e
vii. taste very strong. -hoheno'e. It tastes very strong. See: -ha'heno'e. Notes (Phonology) NonRedup = -heno'e
-hoht vii. snow very much, snow hard. -hohto. It's snowing hard. Final: -t. -hoheh vta. hurt s.o. severely, scare s.o. greatly. Nstsenx-hohehaene sevone. The buffalo will hurt
us severely. [1987:308] Non-reduplicated: -heh. Notes (Phonology) redup
hohe'xvva p. very long time. hohe'xvva hk'e m[hshanhe h'the nmeo'tse This song came
from a long time ago (1987:302). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: he'xvva.
-hohem vta. tell something very amazing about s.o. -hohemho. He told something very amazing
about him.
-hohemeotse -hohenohe
vii. vai. smell very badly. xae-hohemeotshoo'o. He already smells very bad.
[Croft 1988:30:26]
vai. look terrible, look awful. -hohenohe. He looked terrible. Non-reduplicated: henohe2; fai: -nohe.
-hoheoestoh(n) vta. hit s.o. very badly with tool. ! -hoheoesthhoo'o! My! She really got hit
bad! [Croft 1988:30:17] Medial: -oest.
-hoheoeee vai. fall and get hurt very badly. -hoheoee. He fell and got hurt very badly. Nonreduplicated: -heoeee.
-hoheome
vai. very fat. -hoheome. He is very fat. Non-reduplicated: -heome. See: -he'keome; thpe'as.
-hoheotse vai. vii. very bad condition. See: -mtheotse; -ho'omenehe. N-hoheotse. I was really in a
bad way. Non-reduplicated: -heotse.
-hohesan
vai. dressed fancy. -hohesne. He is dressed up fancy. fai: -san; Non-reduplicated: hesan. See: -hohestnan. Notes (Phonology) redup vai. work all over. See: -hotse'ohe; -hesthenen. -hohesthnotse'ohe He works all over. Usage: extant?. vai. dressed very extravagantly. See: -hohesan; -vxeehe. -hohestnne. He is dressed very extravagantly. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -hestnne; fai: -san2.
-hohesthnotse'ohe -hohestnan
-hohestone vii. made fancy. for example, a car. -hohestone. It is made fancy. hoheto p. all the same/even/just the same (what would not be expected). -hohetone vai. scared face, face with too much makeup, amazing face. -hohetone. He has a face
that looks so scared.
-hoheton' vai. scared looking face. -hoheton'o. He looks really scared. -hohevone vii. be a very loud sound. See: -hevone. -hohevone. It's a very loud sound; it's making a
very loud sound.
hoham- i. prefer, rather. Preverb: hohame-. -hohamtam vta. prefer s.o., think more of s.o. -hohamtamho. He prefers him. -hohamtamahtse.
He is being selfish, thinking more of himself (than others). ohksa-hohamtame na'stse neneso! Don't prefer one of your children! (this used to be repeated by a respected grandmother, to her granddaughter, giving the idea not to favor one child too much, something like the idea of "Don't love your children too much!"). See: -no'ketan; -ve'tov.
-hohamtsest vti. prefer s.t.; think more of s.t. See: -phvtsest. -hohamtssta He prefers it/he
thinks more of it. -hohamtsstnvo mhtsnanesttse They enjoy gossip. vta: -hohamtam. See: -ve't.
hohame- pv. prefer, rather. See: hno'xe-; hehpe-; nno'se-. -hohamemhoto. He loves him more (than
he loves others). -hohamemhhta He love it more (for example, loves alcohol more than other things in his life). ohk-hohamephvenheo'o thtoo'ma'enne. Prairie turtles taste
better (than other kinds of turtles). -hohameamehtse. He prefers to walk. Naa ts'the mhthohamhehpee'vaenhevhe xane. But this (man) was more scared of the skunk. [1987:283] Initial: hoham-.
-hohamst vai. holler loudest. -hohamsta. He hollered the loudest. hohamesto p. much more, many more. -hoham'ne vai. take over; hog. Refers to taking over and not letting others help or make decisions;
could be used for hogging the basketball during a game. -hoham'ne. He took over. See: 'an.
-hohoe'e vai. stand looking intensely. -hohoe'e He stood looking intensely. Notes (Phonology) vs
fai: -.
-hohoho't vii. be very hot. See: -haeho't. -hohoh'ta. It's very hot. -hohohos vai. have a very big penis. See: -thpe'hos; -ha'sthos; -tshe'sthos. -(h)ohohse
He has a very big penis. Usage: vulgar. BodyPartMedial: -ohos.
-hoh'an vai. say something fantastic, say something spectacular. -hoh'ne. He said (something)
really big/fantastic. (for example, he said he would go kill someone). fai: -'an.
-hoho'as vii. bad fire, burn extremly much. -hoho'as. It's a bad fire. -hoho'etahe vai. do something awful. N-hoho'ethme You (pl) did something awful. (1987:255).
Final: -o'etahe.
-hoho'eman vai. very bossy. -hoho'emne. He's very bossy. See: -ho'eman. -hoho'etame vii. be very deep water. -hoho'etame the water is very deep. -hoho'oe't vii. be very many clinging. only used in pl. See: -hoe't. -hoho'oe'tnstse there are very
many (berries clinging on bushes).
-hoho'o' vii. dense growth, much grass. -hoho'o'e. There is a dense growth of grass. -hoho'ton vai. look very scared. -hoho'tone He has scared eyes/looks scared. -hohooe'e -hoho'
vai. stand amazed. See: -hoho'; -hohtsest. -hohooe'e He's standing there amazed/surprised. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -. vai. see (s.t.) amazing. See: -hohtsest; -hohooe'e. -hoh'o He saw (something) amazing.
-hohne vai. be very thirsty. See: -mantan. -hohne He is very thirsty. -hohoovto vii. be very much flooding. -hohoovto there is a whole lot of flooding. -hohotma'xe vai. pant hard. -hohotma'xe He is panting hard. -hohotse'oheo'o vai. work very hard. See: -hotse'ohe. ohk-hohotse'heo'o They work very hard. hoht- i. laugh. hohtaa'e p. long ways apart; far apart. hohtaa'e 'ameotsnsesttse o'h'stse Rivers were a long
ways apart. [JOURNEY.TXT] See: v'hee'se; h'e; hoh'e. Notes (Phonology) vs
-hohta'xe vai. laugh moving. -hohta'xe. He's laughing while in motion. fai: -a'xe. See: -hohatse. -hohthta'han
vai. laugh while story telling, story tell laughing. -xaenhohthta'hne. He's laughing while telling a story. See: -hhta'han. fai: -'an.
-hoht'an vai. laugh while talking, talk while laughing. -hoht'ne. He's laughing and talking. -hohatse
vai. laugh. -hohatse. He's laughing. ohksa'e-hohtshe. He doesn't laugh. vta: hohtse'tov; fai: -tamao'.
-hohtse'stman vai. make people laugh. ohk-hohtse'stmne. He makes people laugh. -hohtse'eehe vai. giggley. xxaen-hohtse'eehesstse. He was just giggling (attrib.). [JOURNEY.TXT] -hohtse'tov vta. laugh at s.o. -hohtse'tovho. He laughed at him. vai: -hohatse. -hohtsem vta. make s.o. laugh. -hohtsemho. He made him laugh.
-hohtsn vai. smiley face. -hohtsn. He has a smiley face. See: -xamn. -hohtsn' vai. smile. Usage: Less commonly used than -xamn'. -hohtsn'o. He's smiling.
Hohtsn'htse! Smile! See: -xamn' smile.
-hohtseotse vai. come to laugh. ms-hohtseotse. He burst out laughing. (1987:180). -hohtsee vai. lie laughing. -hohtse. He's lying there laughing. -hohtstno vai. want to laugh. -hohtstno. He wants to laugh. -hohte'ee'e
vai. giggle. -hohte'ee'e. He giggled. -hohte'eeheo'o. They giggled. Notes (Phonology) vs beginning with this sequence are redup., corresponding to the non-redup. stem beginning with -ha...; some redup. stems appear following in this listing; others appear as subentries under the non-redup. entry; a few occur under both non-redup. and redup. entries; most "much" -h...-initial stems can be made "very much" intensive by reduplication to -hoh...
-hoh... very much. See: -hoho'etahe; -ho'etahe; -ho'ahe; -han; etc.. Notes (Phonology) most stems
hohe p. oops. said when you bump into someone; may be a shortened form of hxhe. See: xxhe. hhee- i. swaddle; wrap. -hheehe
vai. be swaddled; be wrapped. esp. of a baby. -hheehe. He is wrapped/swaddled. See: hhkha'e; -hva'kvoheehe; -xovheehe; -totovheehe; -v'hoo'e. 2 Swaddled.
Hheehe na. 1 Assiniboin.Pl: Hheeheo'o. Hheeh'e na. Assiniboin Woman. -hheesan vai. wrap. -hheesne. He is wrapping. vta: -hheet. -hheestvohe vai. 1 wrap baby. -hheestvohe. She's wrapping a baby. This is an intransitive verb
in Cheyenne, so one could express the meaning of a verb which has a third person singular subject as 'She's baby-wrapping.'. 2 go to baby shower. Nth-hoheestvohe. I'm going to baby-wrap (used idiomatically today for "I'm going to a baby shower"). Final: -vohe.
-hheet
vta. swaddle s.o., wrap s.o. as a baby. -hheetho. She swaddled him. Hheeeha nenso! Wrap your baby up! vai: -hheesan. See: -phvoheet.
-hohetse vai. howl. esp. of dog. See: -hohatse; -a'xaam. -hohetse. He howled. [1987:215] -hohtee vai. stumble. -hohte. He stumbled.Variant: -hohtee. See: -hothta'; -'tovah. Hhkhne na. (woman's name). shortened form of Hhkhnnv'e. Hhkhnnv'e na. (woman's name). shortened form: Hhkhne. hhkse p. epistemic particle of resignation ??Variant: hxse. hhkse nme'hsetnve What else
could I do?! (rhetorical exclamation). hhkse nme'htnve. I can't help it. hhkse nvhe tsvhhona'oestsstse Who would add (anything) on to (such a) story?! (i.e. no one would want to make it any longer) (1980:60:163).
Hhkeeh'e na. Mouse Woman. -hhkeeh'evema'xe vai. smell like mouse woman. -hhkeeh'evema'xe. He smells like a female
mouse. Usage: humorous.
Hhkhe na. Mouse. hhkeehe

na. mouse. Etymology: cf. *a:pikweshs- 'mouse' (Go88); cf. Ar hook; F wa:pikono:wa.Variant: hhteehe (old male speech variant). Pl: hhkeeheho. Obviative: hhkeeheho, Hhkeehhnva ( 30).
-hhkeehm'ha vii. smell of mice. -hhkeehm'ha. It smells of mice. fii: -ma'h. hhkeehso na. little mouse.Pl: hhkeehesono. Obviative: hhkeehesono. -hhkha'aov
vta. make hooded cradleboard for s.o. -hhkha'aovho She made a (hood type) cradleboard for him.
hhkha'e ni. hat, Sacred Hat, hooded cradleboard. When used of a cradleboard, this is the softbacked
kind. This is also the name for the Sacred Buffalo Hat bundle, a collection of sacred objects associated with the Sutaio band. When used to refer to the 'Sacred Hat', this word is probably of newer usage in contrast with the other term for this object, sevone. Pl: hhkh'stse. Possessive: -vhkha'e; Final: -hkha'e; Old Male Speech: hhtha'e. See: a'khkha'e; phoeesttse; sevone.
hhkha'ome ni. Sacred Hat Lodge, Sacred Hat Tepee. This name is said to be of newer usage than the
older term for this lodge, vonhome. This houses the sacred bundle brought to the Cheyennes by the Sutaio. (1987:98).Variant: hhtha'ome (old male speech). See: vonhome; hoestsheome; vonh'xa'e; hoxheome.
Hhkha'omvse ni. Medicine Lodge Butte. hhkvho na. ferret; brown weasel ??Pl: hhkeveho. Obviative: hhkeveho. hohk's- i. purple. -hohk'sahe vai. be purple. -hohk'sahe He is purple. -hohk'se'xan
vai. have a black eye. -hohk'se'xne. He has a "shiner".Literally: purple-eyed. Medial: -'xan.Literally: be purple-eyed.
-hohk'sn vai. have a purple face. -hohk'sne. He has a purple/bruised face. Medial: -n. -hohk's vii. purple. -hohk'so. It is purple. -hohk'soovot vta. bruise s.o. -hohk'soovotho. He bruised him. [pd301] -hohk'sov vai. have chestnut colored hide. -hohk'sva He (for example, a horse) has a chestnutcolored hide. Medial: -ov.
hohkse p. perhaps. hohkse n-me'htnve I can't help it! hohkxe

ni. axe.Pl: hhkxstse. Diminutive: hhkxso; Non-diminutive: ho'xe. See: -htohkxe; monooxan. Etymology: *a:kawa ??; cf. Ar hh'onx.
hhkxso ni. hatchet. See: hohkxe. hhnee- pv. freely, on the spur of the moment, immediately. -hhnee'asevoohe. He right away threw
(esp. a ball). 'hket'-hhneenha'e'a ho'emanesttse you come against the law ?? (1987:60). Tstshsthese ohksa-hhneeh'xatssthheo'o. Cheyennes are not boldly (freely) friendly. "Hehe'e," stxae-hhneehetaehoono. "Yes," she quickly told him. (1987:257). [1987:253 ??]Variant: hhne- ??.
hohnohka Contrary; Contrary society member. a contrary is a special person within Cheyenne culture
who is expected to do things contrary to cultural norms; this term can also be a proper name.Pl: hohnhkao'o.
hohnhk-heseo'tse ni. contrary medicine. Hohnhka'hhe na. Contrary Woman.Variant: Nhk'hhe. Hohnhkam's'e na. Contrary Calf. a nickname for one of several men named M's'e. -hohnhkavostomo'he vai. be obstinate; be contrary in personality. whatever you tell this kind of
person he does differently. -hohnhkavostomo'he He has a contrary personality/he is obstinate.
hoho ni. bracelet. Possessive: -voho.Pl: hhontse. hhonee'he

used.
na. wrist watch. See: e'he.Literally: bracelet-clock. Usage: neologism; not commonly
-hhntam
rugged weather. for example, muddy, dirty, stormy, heavy snow, slushy. -
hhntmo. It's rugged weather. See: -nxntam.
hhovaeto p. anyway, just the same, similarly, it is useless. Hhovaeto set'aneo'o. Similarly (the
old men) said it the same. [1987:232] See: t'-; -ses; hp'e.
-hohtsee
vai. stumble. -hohtsee. He stumbled.Variant: -hohtsee. Assimilated: -hohtee. See: hothta'.
-hohtee
vai. stumble. Notes (Phonology) -assimilation -hohtee. He stumbled. Non-assimilated: hohtsee.Variant: -hohtee. See: -hothta'.
hhp- i. melt; thaw. -hhpeotse It thawed out. hohpa

na. sponge; spatter dock. modern usage for 'sponges'.Pl: hohpaho. Obviative: hohpaho. See: hohpe soup.
hohpha'heme ni. grape.Pl: hohpha'hementse. Usage: obsolescing. hohpha'hemenmahpe ni. grape juice.Literally: grape-water. -hohphata vai. light skinned. -hohphata. He is light (skinned). hohphtsenmen'e ni. wild grape bush. hohphtsenmentse raisins. See: hohphtsenmen'e. hohpe ni. soup; broth. Holliman Spelling: ho pi. See: -hohph'en. Etymology: *apopyi. hohp- i. sweat. -hohpotse He's sweating. -hhpea'onxe vai. lie close to fire.Literally: melt-shin ??. -hhpea'onxe. He's lying close to warmth
(fire etc.) to thaw out the marrow in his bones. Medial: -a'on.
-hohph'en vai. make soup. -hohph'ne. She's making soup. fai: -h'en. -hohphe'on vai. sweaty hands. -hohphe'na. He has sweaty hands. -hhpho'h vti. melt s.t. -hhph'ha. He melted it. -hhpho't vii. melt. -hhph'ta. It's melting. typically refers to ice melting by the sun's heat. See: hhpeotse; -hhpe't.
-hhpe'h vti. melt s.t. -hhp'ha. She melted it (for example, grease). vii: -hhp't. -hhp't vii. melt (of an object). -hhp'ta. It (for example, lard) melted. sa-hhpe'thane. It did
not melt. See: -hhpho't; -hhpeotse.
-hohpma'h vii. smell sweaty, sweaty smell. -hohpm'ha. It smells sweaty. -hohpmea'xe vai. smell sweaty, sweaty smell. -hohpmea'xe. He smells sweaty. -hohpmeohe vai. run sweaty. -hohpmeohe. He's running sweaty. fai: -mohe. -hhpen vti. vta. defrost s.t.; melt s.t. N-hhpna. I'm defrosting it. -hhpeoestho'he
vai. melt instantaneously. -hhpeoestho'he He (rather instantaneously) melted (for example, rock in volcano).
-hhpohts vii. melt. of an object or the environment. -hhphtse. It's melting. See: -hohpohts. -hohpohts vai. sweat. -hohphtse. He's sweating. See: -hhpohts. -hohpotse vai. sweat. -hohpotse. He is sweating. Etymology: cf. O abwezo (N). See: -hohpohts; hhpeotse.
-hhpeotse
vai. vii. become melted (of object). -hhpeotse. It melted/he melted. Etymology: cf. M a:posow. See: -hohpotse; hhp-; -hhpe't.
-hohpe vai. lie sweaty, sleep sweaty. -hohpe. He slept sweaty. -hohpvo'ho'he vai. be sweaty from the heat (of a fire). N-hohpvo'ho'he. I got sweaty from the
heat of the fire. See: -hoho'he.
-hohphnomaeotse vii. be dusk. -hohphnomaeotse It's dusk. hohpo'- i. gather. -hohpo'a'hahts

vti. close; fold up s.t. a rather quick action, similar to English 'snapped it shut'. Final: -a'hahts. -hohpo'a'hhtse He closed it. hohpo'na. He gathered it up (for example, his purchase at store). Nv-hohpo'ana. I closed it
-hohpo'an vti. gather s.t., fold up s.t., close s.t. This is a different meaning of 'gather' from -mhean. (for example, a book). vta. gather s.o., fold up s.o., close s.o. -hohpo'anho. He gathered him/them up (for example, folded blankets). -hohpo'na ve'e. She folded up the tent. Hhp'nhtse no'heontse!
Gather up the (baseball) bats! Ttseha ta-hohpo'ne mshesttse. The food was gathered up (and put away) long ago. (Stamper 1991:2). See: -mhean.
-hohpo'anen
vai. gather (things). for example, tie up bundles or gather things for storage. See: hvsan; -mheeohts. -hohpo'anne He gathered (for example, tied up bundles). [1987:284]
hohpo'eseehesttse ni. barrette.Literally: gather-tie(hair)-NOM. Pl: hohpo'eseehstottse. -hohpo'ema'en vti. fold s.t. -hohpo'ema'na. He folded it.
vta. fold s.o. -hohpo'ema'enho. He folded him (for example, sheet or blanket). See: -tovan.
-hohpo'hahe
vai. non-skid, non-slippery, dry. -hohpo'hahe. It (for example, animate rug) is nonslippery (so you can't slip on it). vii: -hohpo'h. vii. dry taste. -hohpo'heno'e. It has a "dry" taste (for example, crackers eaten without water or green gooseberries). Meo'o -hohp'ho. The road is dry (that is, not slippery). vai: -hohpo'hahe; Antonym: -hes'x. See: -' dry.
-hohpo'heno'e
-hohpo'h vii. be dry. This is the opposite of 'slippery', not the opposite of 'wet'. -hohp'ho. It is dry.
-hohp'hovs vai. have coarse hair. -hohp'hovse He has coarse hair. -hohpo'esan vai. bind hay; tie up hay; bail hay. -hohpo'esne. He tied up bundles of hay. See: hohpo'anen.
hohpo'esanesttse ni. bailer.Variant: hohpo'eseo'o. hohpo'es'o

ni. binder (for example, for binding wheat); bailer (for hay). Pl: hohpo'eseontse. See: hohpo'esanesttse.
-hohpo'ests vti. tie up s.t. -hohpo'stse. He bound it. vta: -hohpo'et. See: -a'kests; -hahpsests. -hohpo'et vta. bind, tie up, wrap up s.o. -hohpo'etho. He bundled him up. Nhe'e m'sanhohpo'ethevovhe. Then they wrapped him. (1987:267). vti: -hohpo'ests.
-hohpotmho't vii. hot and humid. -hohpotmh'ta. It's hot and humid. See: -hoho'ta. -hohpotm'ha vii. hot humid wind. -hohpotm'ha. It's a hot humid breeze. -hohpotmee vai. lie in a sweaty place. -hohpotme. He slept in a sweaty (humid) place. -hohpotm vii. sweaty hot, humid and hot, hot and humid. -hohpotmo. It's "sweaty (humid) hot.". hht- i. around (tie). See: hx-. -hht fti. approach s.t. n'st-hhta. He went over the hill toward it. See: -ehht. hohth- pv. spotted. Hohth-vto Spotted Feathers. See: ohth-. Hohthanohe na. Spotted Hawk. hohth'e na. mallard.Pl: hohth'eo'o. Obviative: hohthe'xo ??. See: 'e; hetan-'e; mhtase. -hohthn vai. design; color.
vti. design s.t.; color s.t. Hetanevo'eo'o ohkev'he-hohthnnvo. Arapahoes used that color a lot (for example, when beading). See: -hahnhen.
hohthnesttse ni. color; design (esp. designs used in beading).Pl: hohthnstottse. hohthnoma'he na. goldfish.Literally: spotted-fish. hohth'hno na. silk.Variant: hohthth'hno. See: 'hno. -hohtheve vii. vai. spotted, have a design, birthmarked, blemished. can refer to a design or a variety of
skin marks, such as aging spots. -hohtheve. It is a blemish/it is a spot/he has a design. See: tneththeve; hohth-.
-hohthvhahnhen vai. do artwork, artwork - do. -hohthvhahnhne. He did artwork. See: hohthn; -hahnhn.
-hohthvne vai. have birthmark on the face. -hohthvne. He has a birthmark on his face. Hohthvne na. Spotted Face. Hohthvto na. Spotted Feathers, Spotted Tailfeathers.Literally: spotted-tailfeathers.
-hohthvxe'oh vti. paint s.t., color s.t. -hohthvxe'ha. He painted/colored it. -hhthnsxe'ohe vii. twelve o'clock, 12 o'clock. -hhthnsxe'ohe. It's 12 o'clock. -hhthno'kxe'ohe vii. eleven o'clock, 11 o'clock. -hhthno'kxe'ohe. It's 11 o'clock. -hhta'han vai. 1 tell story; relate. -hhta'hne. He's telling a story. vta: -hhta'haov; Relative Root: hethta'han. See: -hethta'han; hhta'heo'o; -hhta'henan. Etymology: cf. *a:te'lo:hke:- ??. 2 go to court, testify (in court).
-hhta'hanee'e vai. tell story sitting. htse-hhta'hanevosstse when they would sit and tell stories
(1987:1, 114). Final: -e. Notes (Phonology) vs
hhta'hanmh'o ni. courthouse.Literally: tell.story-house. Variant: ts'hk-hhta'hanstove. hhta'hanma'kaata

ni. telegram, telephone. ts'semahtove.Literally: tell.story-wire. See: ma'kaata ts'ooome; estsesttse
-hhta'hanoohe vai. tell story quickly. Ntao's-hhta'hanoohe. I'm gonna quickly tell a story. -hhta'han'e
vai. stand telling stories. -hhta'han'e. He's standing telling stories. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -.
-hhta'haoh'tov vta. tell story quickly to s.o. N-tato's-hhta'haoh'tovtse I'm gonna tell it to you
right away.
-hhta'haov vta. tell story to s.o. -hhta'haovho. He told him a story. -hhta'ha'e. He (obv) told
him a story. A second object can be included, as shown in the last example sentence. Tke'e ntao'sev'n-hhta'haovatsnvo namme. I'm going to tell you (pl) a little about my (great) grandfather. (1987:17). vai: -hhta'han. See: -hhta'henaov.
hhta'h'o ni. na. story. For some speakers this has generally not been considered a historical account.
For some speakers this has the sense of 'myth', 'folktale'; for historical account use hsstoo'o 'news, account'; but hsstoo'o is not known to many current speakers. Inanimate for most speakers today, but an. for some; probably historically shifted from an. to inan.Pl: hhta'heontse. Pl: hhta'heono. The animate plural, hhta'heono, is older. It is seldom used today. v'n-hhta'heontse regular stories (1987:170). Possessive: -hthta'h'o; vai: hhta'han. See: hsstoo'o. Etymology: cf. O aadizookaan (N).
-hhta'henaev vta. tell story to s.o. -hhta'henaevho. He told a story to him. See: -hhta'haov. -hhta'henan vai. tell stories. seems to refer to storytelling as opposed to telling of a specific story.
-hhta'henne. He told stories. Nstsev'hhta'henne eva! Nstsepa'ke'na. Don't tell stories in the daytime! You'll become humpbacked. ts-hhta'henanese storytellers. hotona'ov-hhta'henne. He added on another story. See: -hhta'han.
-hhta'henanee'e vai. tell story sitting. See: -hohta'hanee'e. -hhta'henanee'e He's sitting telling a
story. Notes (Phonology) vs
-hhta'henaov vta. tell fairy tale to s.o. -hhta'henaovho. She's telling a fairy tale to him. See: hhta'haov.
hhta'henevxe'stoo'o ni. storybook. See: mxe'stoo'o. Usage: neologism. -hohtam vta. reach; catch up to; overtake s.o. See: -ho'e't; -hohtameven. -hohtamho. He overtook
him/he caught up to him. [1987:256] vti: -hohtamst. Etymology: *atem-.
-hohtamst vti. reach s.t., attain s.t., achieve s.t., catch up to s.t., qualify for s.t. N-hohtamsta. I
attained it. sa-hohtamsthe vhonevesttse. He doesn't fulfill ('live up to') chiefly duties. Nstaons-hohtamstanone tsheemxe'ohe! Let's try to catch up with the writing (for example, our language work)!Variant: -hestamst. vta: -hohtam; Antonym: -nthnh't. See: -ho'e't; ho'e.
-hohtamst't vti. lack s.t. Nsa-hohtamst'the. I don't have enough (for example, money) to buy
bread.
-hohtamsto't vti. reach; attain; achieve s.t. tsme'the=ta'se=hohtamst'ta how to reach this goal
(1987:143).
-hohtameven vta. overtake; catch up to s.o. Ntav-hohtamevno. I caught up to him (for example,
to give him what he forgot). See: -hohtam.
-hohtamoh(n) vta. confront s.o. about what he said about you. What was said is considered to be
untrue. The person confronting wants the one who spoke to prove what was said. hohtamhnho. He confronted him about what he said about him (the person doing the confronting).
-hhtan vti. vta. run into s.o., collide with s.t./s.o. -hhtna He ran over it/he 'hit' it (for example, with
a car). N-hhtanaa'e amho'hesttse a car ran over me. -hhtanho He ran over him.
hhto ni. legging (single leg). inanimate for 'legging', animate for hohtoho 'pants'.Pl: hohthontse. The
plural is used for a pair of leggings or more than one pair of leggings. Possessive: -voht. na. pants. a single pair ?? Plural: hohtoho pants (more than one pair). See: v'aehno'xhto; v'evo'xhto; kokhkono'xhto; -hevhtohe wear pants. Etymology: cf. O nenta:ss; Ar wto(o).
hohtoho
na. pants, panties, bloomers, female leggings. more than one pair ?? Singular: hhto; Possessive: -vhtoho.Pl: hohthono. Obviative: hohthono. See: hhto legging; pair of pants ??; v'e'snhesttse pants; hetanvo'xhthono men's pants; he'vo'xhthono women's pants; -hevhtohe wear pants; -ahth pants (fai).
-hhthtahe vai. be cinched. See: hhthteseo'o. -hhthtahe He is cinched. vta: -hhthtat. hhthtaseo'o na. cinch.Literally: tie.around-stomach(-thing). Medial: -oht.Pl: hhthtaseono. -hhthtat vta. cinch up s.o. N-hhthtto. I cinched him up. -hhthtaeto. He cinched him up.
Hhthtaeha! Cinch him up! See: -he'konhtet; -ho'tonvhtet.
hohthth'hno na. silk.Variant: hohth'hno. See: 'hno. hohththve-stse'he na. nice shirt (for example, of silk or satin). hohththvenhe-stse'he na. ribbon shirt. -hohththven' vai. sew with silk (or satin). See: -hahpen'. -hohththven'e He sewed with
silk (or satin).
hohththv-'hno na. silk; satin. See: -tneththeve; -htheve. -hohththvoest vai. wear a silk (or satin) dress. -hohththvosta She wore a silk (or satin) dress.
Synonym: -sokevoest.
-hohtv vai. barter; trade; buy; sell; bootleg. refers to any side of a financial transaction. -hohtva.
He bought (it). Use of this verb with the preverb ohke- sometimes refers to bootlegging: ohk-hohtva. He sells / bootlegs. -hohtvhtove. It's traded for; there is exchange. fai: ohtv. vti. N-hohtvantse. I bought them (inan.). Nsa-hohtvhentse. I did not buy them (inan.). V'h'e m'hkemheeh-hohtvhevhe nhhe. White people all traded there. [1987:18] vta: hohtv'tov. Etymology: *ata:we:wa.
hohtvahttse ni. merchandise. Possessive: -hthtvahttse.Literally: buy-NOM. -hohtv'tov vta. barter, trade, buy, sell s.o. covers both buying and selling. N-hohtvantse I sold
him. N-hohtvanoto I bought them (an.). Nsa-hohtvhnoto I did not buy them (an.). Nsahohtvhentse I did not buy him. -hohtvanoto. He bought/sold him. -hohtvanoto mo'hno'hme He bought a horse.
hohtvamh'o ni. store. hesthtvamh'o his store.Literally: buying-house. -hohtvaoohe

vai. sell. hva hov'he tshaoemetse htav-hohtvaoohvosstse maybe something that's expensive, when they sell it (1987:61).
hohtvave'ho'e na. storekeeper; storeowner. -hohtvt vta. trade with s.o. -hohtvoto. He traded with him. hohtse- pv. hoop. hohtse-e'he hoop moon. See: hhtsme. Etymology: cf. *atowa ball; mushroom. -hohts fai. footprint, track.Variant: -ohohts. n-hhtse. His tracks end. am-hhtse. He left tracks.
mn-hhtse. He just went through and left tracks. von-hhtse. His tracks disappeared. e'hhtse. His tracks go up. non-hhtse. His tracks are old. ho'-hhtse. His tracks came over here. pe'pe'-hohtseo'o. Their tracks are everywhere. n-hohtseo'o. There are two sets of tracks. ametx-hhtse. His tracks go along on top (for example, on top of the rock).
Hohtsee'he na. Hoop Moon, January. See: He'konenee'he; hhtsme. hhtsme na. ball, netted hoop.Variant: hohtsemo. Pl: hohtsemono. Obviative: hohtsemono. hohtsemo na. ball. This was originally the term for a webbed hoop which was part of Indian play; it is
the modern term for 'ball.'.Variant: hhtsme. Pl: hohtsemono. Obviative: hohtsemono.
-hhtsemneve vai. be a ball. -hhtsemneve It is a ball. hhtseneve- vai. trip. esp. used when you think there is a step down, but there isn't, and you make a
noise stepping, anticipating the step down. See: -hohtsee. N-hhtsenevhahtxe I tripped (but caught myself; for example, when I put my foot down I made a lot of noise).
hhtha'e ni. hat.Variant: hhkha'e. Usage: old man speech. ho'- pv. arrive, come. Nv-ho'-h'htse. I have arrived back home. N-ho'hmsehe. I came to eat. ho'ea'eotseo'o. They are charging/attacking. mx-ho'nhe'xove when the time comes. ho'nhe'xove. It is time/the time has come. st-ho'ethoeots'tovsesto He rode up to her (1987:171). Notes (Phonology) takes morpheme-final e before vowel or stem-initial h -ho'nmne. He arrived singing. t-ho'nho'htevo He went there to visit him. Notes (Phonology) takes morpheme-final e before vowel or stem-initial h; see ho'(e)- can act as a relative preverb meaning 'extent': nhhe nt-ho'hne'enomvo that's as far as I know her (story) (1987:27). xho'nhe'xvee'stse ts'hkxo'omevse whenever they would have holy communion (Stamper 1991:10). N-ho'manstse Denver I made it to Denver. naa nnehove n-ho'ma'hhksheve nho'ena'he and I myself have reached being an old man, I've reached old age (1987:104). a verb may contain both an 'arrive' preverb and initial: -ho'-ho'-htse He came here to visit (cf.-ho'htse 'he came to visit'). t-ho'nho'htsevo He went there to visit him.
ho'- i. arrive, come. -ho'ehtse He came. -ho'eoesta'xe He ran here fast; he came on horseback. ho'eese He was lying with his nose in that direction. Notes (Phonology) takes morpheme-final e before vowel or stem-initial h -ho'hne He came (by walking). N-ho'hta'hne I have arrived at that point in the storytelling. t-ho'otse'he'tantse "pension retirement" He worked for a pension (1987:199). the'e nt-ho'vo'stanhvme we have lived this long (1987:199). Both the preverb and initial may occur in the same verb. -ho'-ho'-htse. He came here to visit.
h'- pfx. whenever (subjunctive conjunct prefix); if; when. Notes (Phonology) prefix-final /e/ used before
vowel or /h/ can have a conditional sense, esp. with h'-ne-. It is sometimes difficult to characterize the difference between this prefix and the conjunct prefix oh-. h'-tnhtoanto no matter how difficult it is. Shpeotemeno h'-tnhtoanto! Bring us through even when there is difficulty! H'-sanetshe'htstanheto me'vhtometshe'htsstove. Even if you don't want to go, you should still go over there. (1987:229). h'-homhthotsto whenever I am sick. naa mato vo'stane h'e-vexheta'stse hv'nets'esstse nohkenhetno, 'eknom'ne vo'stane and also whenever a person says things to me, when they are lying, I always think that way, "The person is just talking" (1987:198). See: mxho'n-; oh-; h'-ne-; mah-.
-ho'h'ne vai. 1 bring food. -ho'h'ne. She brought food. -ho'h'eneo'o. They brought food
(for example, for the Indian wedding meal). Final: -ah'en. See: -novo'; -ho'ohtanxvaen. 2 Brings Food (Woman).
-ho'ahe
vai. vti. want. N-ho'ahe. I want (it). -ho'ahe. He wants (it). N-ho'hentse. I want them (inan.). -ho'hnvo. They want it. M'emtaehhe hov'he ts-ho'aese. He was given whatever he wanted. [1987:18] vta: -ho'h'tov. See: -ho'hotse. ho'h'tova. He wants me. N-ho'hentse. I want him. sa-ho'hhenoto. He doesn't want him. N-ho'hentse mo'hno'ha. I want a horse. N-ho'hnoto pesono. I want cats. ohksaho'h'tovhtsheo'o. They don't like each other. vti: -ho'ahe.
-ho'h'tov vta. want s.o. can also refer to sexual desire for someone. -ho'hnoto He wants him. N-
-ho'hotse
vai. vti. come to want (s.t.). -ho'hotse He has come to want (it)/he wants (it). ho'hotsnvo They want it. See: -ho'ahe. vta. want something for s.o. Oha phvomhthesttse hp'e nohkhsho'htsstmvnvo. I just want good health for them. [BERTHA.TXT] vai: -ho'ahe.
-ho'htsstomev
-ho'ho'he vai. arrive by car.Literally: come-by.heat. -ho'ho'he. He came by car. See: -aho'he. -ho'a'e't vii. set in that direction. -ho'a''ta vose. It was the end of a hill. (Stamper 1991:8). See: nha'e't.
-ho'a'en vti. aim s.t., drive here. esp. of a gun or arrow; also of arriving while driving a car. -ho'a'na.
He arrived driving it (such as a car). -ho'a'na ma'aatn'e. He aimed the gun. [PD27]
-ho'a'no'ham vai. arrive driving. -ho'a'no'hme. He arrived driving. fai: -a'no'ham. -ho'a'otse vai. swarm; all arrive. naa ts'em'o hne vhonema'kaata hma'xho'-a'otssesto v'h'e
after he found this gold white people swarmed in (1987:19). See: ho'-a'eotse 'come attack'.
-ho'a'e vai. lie with head in that direction. See: -ho'eese; -heta'e. -ho'a'e. He's lying with his
head in that direction. [1987:267]
-ho'a'haso'he
vai. arrive riding horse. See: -ho'a'ovo'ham. v-ho'a'haso'he. He returned on horseback. Final: -a'haso'he.
-ho'a' vii. arrive; come, happen. can be used for arrival of a telegram or military dispatch; can be
extended to something happening. -ho''o. It came. Ma'kaata -ho''o. The telegram came. mn-ho''o. It recently happened.
vai. Mho'ne-ho''htse mo'hno'ha. The horse had not yet arrived. [JOURNEY.TXT] See: -nhes.
-ho'a''tov vta. come to s.o.; put there on s.o. See: -ho'ht; -ho'eohts'tov. N-ho'a''tvo I put it right
there on him (for example, right at that spot on him). -ho'a''tovho He came to him. Nto'sho'a''tvo vo'stane xhesanesstse "A person will come to you (pl)," (Sweet Medicine) said. (1987:6:9).
-ho'a''ts vti. point s.t. -ho'a''tse ma'aatn'e. He pointed the gun. See: -m'ta''ts. -ho'a''ts'tov vta. place s.o. there, put s.o. there. -ho'a''tsenoto hestovtse. She put it (an.) by his
ear.
-ho'a'ov vta. herd s.o.; bring in s.o. -ho'a'ovho He ran/herded him/them in (for example, his horses).
Nhhe tshhe ts'-ho'a'ovovse v'ho'ota'o nhhe mstaetxhnhhe n=v'ho'e. After they came with the cattle this whiteman went by there. [1987:182]Literally: cause s.o. to arrive.
-ho'a'ovo'ham
vai. bring in livestock. -ho'a'ovo'hme. He brought in the horses. stho'a'ovo'hamesstse heventse tsxho'tatse. He drove his animals to where his tepee was.
[1987:171]
-ho'a'xanohts vai. arrive crying. -ho'a'xanhtse. He arrived crying. fai: -a'xan. -ho'am vai. 1 shoot. Usage: taboo; avoided because of vulgar idiomatic usage; instead people say
amho 'He shot him (for example, a deer).'. -ho'me. He shot (for example, arrows). to'sho'me. He is going to shoot. vta: -am. See: -ame; -on'am; -nhe'otse; ma'xho'amstoto.
2 ejaculate. ma'x-ho'me. He shot big (vulgar; jokingly used about ejaculation). [1987:304]
ho'amstoto na. seminal fluid.Literally: shot. ma'xho'amstoto is used jokingly as a literal translation from
English 'big shot', but to mean 'a big amount of seminal fluid' in Cheyenne. Oblique: ho'amstva.
-ho'amee
vai. have a wet dream; nocturnal emission.Literally: shoot-lie. -ho'ame. He had a wet dream. See: -ho'ame; -nhe'otse.
-ho'ane'h vii. drizzle (fine drops of rain). -ho'an'ha it's drizzling. ho'anohttse ni. catchpit. traditionally built pit for luring and catching game. See: -ho'enhev use
bait.
ho'anoo'o ni. shield.Pl: ho'anontse. A few speakers tentatively regard this as a correct entry. But
there is great uncertainty. This entry probably originated as a misreading of Petter's (PD961) spelling of hoano for 'shield'. There is a high probability that this entry is in error and was in error in TD207; the correct spelling, as stated by some elder speakers today, appears to be hahno. Notes (Phonology) vs See: hnhne; hahno.
-ho'e'e vai. arrive drunk. -ho'e'e. He arrived drunk. fai: -e'e. ho'e ni. land, earth. not dirt. Oblique: ho'va. See: he'ke dirt. Possessive: -hto'e land (poss.); vai: -hesto'e have land. Etymology: *axkyi.
-ho'e
vii. raw. -ho'e. It is raw. vai: -ho'eta. See: ho'vohktse; -ho'spho't; Xo'hhe. Etymology:
*akenwi/akanyiiwi ??.
ho'- i. raw.
-ho'eests vai. telephone; speak on telephone.Literally: arrive-speak. This word refers to arrival of a
telephone call, and -aseestse refers to an outgoing call. -ho'estse. He called on the telephone. See: -estse; -aseestse.
-ho'eehe vai. arrive moving camp. -ho'eehe. He moved here. Etymology: cf. M piihkosew 'he moves
camp hither'. Nhtavs-ho'eehe I went there to camp. [1987:179] Final: -eehe.
-ho'eehoohe vai. arrive moving hurriedly. v-ho'eehoohe. He moved back. Antonym: -ho'eehoohe. -ho'e't vti. reach s.t.; attain s.t. Nto's-ho''ta tshtoanto. I've almost reached some difficulty.
Nsa'-ho''the. I haven't attained that point. Notes (Phonology) HL See: hohtamst; -ee't.
[BERTHA.TXT]
-ho'eese vai. lie with nose in that direction. -ho'eese. He's lying with his nose in that direction.
BodyPartMedial: -es. See: -ho'a'e.
-ho't vii. snow. -ho'to. It's snowing. sa-ho'ethane. It did not snow. Final: -en. See: -nt. ho'eve na. Etymology: cf. *ah0aya hide, skin.hide; rawhide (drum). probably animate for the majority
of speakers, but inan. for some. (inan.).Variant: s'hohnho ho'evo.. anhevohho'eeve.
ni. s'hha ho'eve. He's stretching the hide Pl: ho'evo. Oblique: ho'vva. See: -hto'eve;
-ho'eh
vii. arrive lie, approach lie, reach lie. -ho'ha. It comes up (to the line). Naa nhhe khmxstse m'hketemn-ho'hhanevtse. And there sticks were placed across it. [1987:314] vai: -ho'ee. See: -ho't1.
-ho'hahts vti. stoke s.t. -ho'hhtse. He burned it (for example, trash). Nto'shs-ho'hhtse. I'm
going to put more wood in the stove. Hshna'ov-ho'hhtsstse! Put more wood on the fire! Ho'hahtse! Put more wood on the fire (said to more than one person)! vai: -ho'hasen. ho'stnahn
-ho'hasen vai. build a fire; start a fire; make a fire; add wood to fire; stoke fire. -ho'hasne. He
built a fire. Ho'hasnstse! Stoke the fire! vti: -ho'hahts; IndepNoun: ho'has'o. See: ho'stnahn; -xo'snahn.
ho'has'o na. fire starter. That is, something with which you can start a fire. The grammatical plural
refers to incense. Plural: ho'haseono incense; vai: -ho'hasen.
ho'haseono na. incense. such as made from sage or cedar; used ceremonially. grammatically plural,
referring to multiple pieces of what is burned. The grammatical singular would refer to something with which you start a fire. Singular: ho'has'o fire starter; vai: -ho'hasen.
ho'hevonehe na. yellow paint. a Sun Dance paint. ho'hee'ke ni. dirt.Variant: ho'e. See: he'ke; ho'e. -ho'ehn
vai. arrive (walking). -ho'hne. He arrived. v-ho'hne. He came back. N'vhsho'hneo'o! Come again! phva'e tsx-ho'hneto. It's good that you came. See: -ho'eohts; ho'eohe.
-ho'hht vti. come to s.t. -ho'hhta. He came to it. vta: -ho'ht; fti: -ehht. -ho'hohts vai. tracks arrive. ho'-hhtse. His tracks came over here. fai: -hohts. -ho'ho't
vii. rare (not completely cooked). -ho'h'ta. It's rare/not completely done. Synonym: ho'spho't. See: -ho'e; -ho'xa'eta; -he'konho'he.
-ho'hohto'hotse vai. run in; run home; ho'(e)-. See: -hohto'hotse. -ho'hohto'hotse He ran
in.Literally: arrive-home-run.fast.
-ho'ht
vta. come to s.o. N-ho'hto. I went to him. -ho'hoto. He came to him. Mxho'htaehevhe sevone. A buffalo (herd?) came to them. [1987:307] Phve-ho'hxeha! Bless him (lit. come well to him)! Homohthesttse n-ho'htaa'e. Sickness came to me. fta: -eht. See: -nhtsht; -ho'evonht; -ho'eoh'tov.
-h'e' vti. follow s.t. -h''a. He followed it. vta: -h'e'ov. See: -nh; -ho'e'h. ho''stmanesttse ni. accusation.
-ho'''tov vta. accuse s.o. about s.o., blame s.o. about s.o. naa nohk-ho''noto neaxaa'hemo and
you always accuse me about your sisters (1987:174). See: -ho''et.
-ho''et vta. blame; blame s.o., accuse s.o. -ho''etho. He blamed him. astom-ho''ehe. He was
falsely blamed. N-ho''etne. You are accused. See: -ho'''tov; -momxem; -m'em; -heseh; homettam; -hetmem; -nheto''et; -ta'e'ov.
-ho''evtam
vai. accuse s.o.; regard s.o. as being guilty. M=ho''evtamhevhe. He must have accused them. [jg 7/89] See: -hetmem.
-ho'e'h vai. arrive flying. -ho''ha. He arrived flying. See: -ho'e'hohts; -ho'e'hoohe. -ho'e'han1 vai. eat raw food. See: -ho'e. -ho'e'hna. He ate raw food. Homonym: -ho'e'han2 bring
gifts to pay for Indian return wedding meal.
-ho'e'han2 vai. bring gifts to pay for Indian return wedding meal. as an in-law (esp. parent of groom))
to "pay" for wedding meal put on by bride's family at the traditional wedding "return" a year after the wedding. -ho'e'hna. He brought the wedding-return gift(s). Homonym: -ho'e'han1 eat raw food.
-ho'e'hohts vai. arrive flying. faster action than -ho'e'h. -ho'e'hhtse He flew in. -ho'e'hoohe vai. arrive flying. faster action than -ho'e'hohts and -ho'e'h. -ho'e'hoohe. He flew in. -h'e'san vai. follow people. Naa hohesto vo'stanho mto mstam-h'e'sanhevhe. And many
people followed along (Luke 23:27).
-h'e'ov vta. follow s.o. This verb refers to following relatively closely behind someone, whereas -nhe'ov
refers to following someone's tracks, such as tracking someone. -h'e'ovho. He followed him. Oekseho ntaohkevhos-h'e'eneo'o. Dogs usually follow us back home. Nx-h'e'ovstse! Follow me! See: -nhe'ov; -nhov.
-ho'e'sev vii. arrive flowing. for example, when water comes up to your house during a flood. ho'e'svo. (The water) arrived flowing. See: -ho'ovotse.
ho'mh'o ni. cellar.Literally: earth-house. -ho'eman vai. rule; decree; make laws; govern. -ho'emne. He is in charge. vta: -ho'emaov; Relative
Root: -heto'eman. See: -mho'eman; -havsvo'eman; -vstomo'han.
ho'emanhe
na. judge, lawyer, attorney, legislator.Variant: tseho'emnstse the one who decrees. Pl: ho'emanheo'o.
ho'emanmh'o ni. courthouse. ho'emanesttse ni. law, policy.Pl: ho'emanstottse. ho'emanve'ho''e

na. woman judge; lawyer.Literally: (make).law-ve'ho''e.
woman
lawyer;
female
judge;
female
ho'emanve'ho'e na. judge; lawyer.Literally: (make).law-ve'ho'e. ho'emanvxe'stoo'o ni. law book. -ho'emaoht vti. rule s.t. -ho'emahta. He ruled it. Ma'heo'o tsetaom-ho'emahta tsto'shestse. God
shall rule by himself what she will be (for example whether or not she will get well). vta: ho'emaov. See: -mhahaohts.
-ho'emosan vai. govern. -ho'emsne. He governs. -ho'emaot vta. rule s.o, order s.o.; command s.o. -ho'emaotho. He ruled/ordered/told him what to do.
Synonym: -ho'emaov. See: -hotset.
-ho'emaov
vta. rule s.o., order s.o., command s.o., judge s.o., sentence s.o. -ho'emaovho. He ruled/ordered him. Synonym: -ho'emaot. See: -navo'emaov; -too'hvo'emaov; -htoanvo'emaov; -mho'emaov.
ho'mhne na. earthworm. Usage: probably a loan trans.. -ho'emohe vai. arrive running. -ho'emohe. He appeared running. fai: -mohe. See: -ho'eohe. -ho'enestse vai. came to that point while talking. N-ho'enestse. I've come to this point speaking . vti: ho'ensts't; fai: -nestse.
-ho'ensts't vti. say s.t. well; arrive at s.t. in speaking. for instance, to get to the point in speaking.
Nsatn-ho'ensts'the hov'he tshhe taamhe tshnehvto tsme'hephevo'tatseto.
I can't say anything more ?? here by myself how I should praise you ??. [PRAISE.TXT]
-ho'enhev vai. use bait. oha eho v'h-ho'enhevato only if you use your father for bait (1987:314).
naa tsto's-ho'enhvse hov'he and whatever he was going to use for bait (1987:281). See: ho'anohttse.
ho'enohko na. tuber.Variant: ho'enoo'o. Pl: ho'enhkono. Obviative: ho'enhkono. -ho'enhov'tov vta. use s.o. as bait. eho nme'-ho'enhevantse use your father as bait (1987:314). -ho'nome vai. sleep to arrival here. -ho'nome. He slept all the way until the arrival here. ho'enoo'o na. sweet potato.Variant: ho'enohko. Pl: ho'enono. Obviative: ho'enono. modern meaning is
'sweet potato'; previously this word referred to a traditionally used tuber.
See: mshesttse potato. Etymology: cf. *wexpenya 'potato, ground nut'.
-ho'enon vai. return from warpath. See: -non. -ho'enne He returned from the warpath. Nvso
tsto's-ho'ennstse Who's gonna bring the news of the enemy? (when spoken of about the
Sun Dance, this refers to the last person; he comes in just before the S.D. starts).
-ho'enotseh vta. bring s.o. See: -ho'eotseh. -ho'enotshho He brought him. N'v-ho'enotshoo'o
Bring him back (when you are done; safely)!
ho'ense na. tall weed very similar to sunflower(s), sunflowers, lambs quarters. traditional term also
used for 'sunflowers' and 'lambs quarters'. Oblique: ho'ensva.
-h'e'tov vta. stand behind s.o. -h'ee'tovho. He's standing behind him. -ho'eoesta'xe vai. run here fast; arrive fast; come on horseback. -ho'eoesta'xe. He ran here fast; he
came on horseback. sths-ho'eoesta'xhoo'o ts'the ksovhe. This young man ran up.
-ho'eoha'ov vta. chase s.o. here. -ho'eoha'ovho mo'hno'hme. He chased the horses here. [1987:170]
See: -nhtsht.
-ho'eohe
vai. arrive, come. may differ from -ho'ehn in that -ho'eohe may mean more precisely something like 'stop in, come briefly'. See: -ho'ehn; -ho'eohts. -ho'eohe. He arrived/he came. Nht-ho'eohe. I will arrive. Nstseohk-ho'eohme hk'e. You (pl) will arrive far away. (1987:7:24). vti. come to s.t. naa nhe'e ta'e tsst-ho'eoh'tmo tssaphva'hane until I came to something that was not good (1987:195).
-ho'eoh't
-ho'eoh'tov vta. come to s.o. -ho'eoh't'e hvsvevhanheho. The mad drummer came to him
(=he's angry). st-ho'eoh'tovhoono He (man) got to him (the watersnake). Usage: This is faster action than -ho'ht.. See: -ho'ht.
[1987:286]
-ho'eohva vai. arrive fleeing, flee arrive. -ho'eohva. He arrived fleeing. -ho'ehtse vai. arrive. See: -ho'ehn; -ho'eohe. -ho'ehtse. He arrived. tsmae-ho'eohtsese visitors (lit.
those from all over who come).
-ho'eohtsh vta. bring s.o. -ho'eohtseho. He brought him. -ho'eohtshho. He brought him (younger
speakers' pronunciation). See: -ho'eotseh.
-ho'eohts'tov
vta. come to s.o. See: -ho'a''tov; -nho'htsv; -h'eohts'tov. -ho'eohts'tovho. He came to him. Mst-ho'eohts'tovhevhe hestotseho tshnetsse. He came to where his horses (pets) were standing. [1987:170] vta. follow s.o. while walking (or going). See: -h'e'ov; -ho'eohts'tov. Mstamh'eohts'tovhevhe Jesusevaho. He (the Cyrenian) followed behind Jesus (Luke 23:26). vti. bring s.t. Nhhe mst-ho'eohtsstshhe. He took (the gold) there. See: ho'eotsests.
-h'eohts'tov -ho'eohtsests
Ho'eohtssts'e na. (woman's name). ho'eo'o ni. field, garden. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: ho'eontse. Locative: ho'enva. ho'enva loc. in the garden. IndepNoun: ho'eo'o. -ho'eotse vii. reach; arrive at. Meo'o t-ho'eotse. The road reaches (to there). See: -ameotse; -tshe'otse.
-ho'eotseh vta. bring s.o. -ho'eotshho. He brought him. N'v-ho'eotshoo'o! Bring him back! (later). -ho'eotssan vai. bring. -ho'eotssne. He brought (something). -ho'eotsstomev vta. bring s.t. for s.o. -ho'eotsstomevho He brought it for him (benefactive). -ho'eotsstomtah
vta. bring s.t. to s.o. N-ho'eotsstomtho. I brought it to him. Nho'eotsstomthnoto oekshesono. I brought a puppy to him. N-ho'eotsstomthatsnvo. I brought it to you (pl). See: -ho'eotsstov.
-ho'eotsstomtxev vai. bring things to people. N-ho'eotsstomtxva. I was the deliverer. -ho'eotsstov vta. take; bring s.t. to s.o. -ho'eotsstovho He took it to him. vti: -ho'eotsests. -ho'eotsests vti. bring.s.t. -ho'eotsstse. He brought it. nx-ho'eotsstse. He brought it here. vta: ho'eotseh. See: -ho'eohtsests; -heotsests.
ho'sp-
i. rare, not done. Notes (Phonology) The phonetic sequence -sp is extremely rare in Ch. A few individuals do, however, pronounce /hp/ as /sp/ in some forms, in particular this is noticed in singing of church hymn #1 where nhphveameotemeno 'Lead us well!' is pronounced as nsphveameotemeno by some speakers (perhaps only woman). It is quite possible that this initial is related to the verb -ho'e 'raw.'. Reduplicated: ho'sp-. See: ho'-; -ho'e raw.
-ho'sph'en vai. cook not quite done. -ho'sph'ne. She cooks things not quite done. -ho'spho't
vii. not done (cooked). -ho'sph'ta. It's not done. See: nxo'-ho'vohktse; -ho'e; ho'eta; -ho'kome.
ho'spe- pv. rare; not done. -ho'speotse It is not done. Ho'spe-oetane Not-done Crow (humorous
nickname for Sylvester Knows(his)gun, a fluent Ch. speaker who grew up among the Cheyennes, but whose father was a fullblood Crow). Reduplicated: ho'spe-.
-ho'spemas vta. wound s.o. by shooting. -ho'spemsho. He shot him but only wounded him. Ho'spenhkohe na. Not Quite A Bear, Unsuccessful Bear, Wounded Bear. translation uncertain. Ho'speoetane na. Not-done Crow. humorous nickname for Sylvester Knows(his)gun, a fluent Ch.
speaker who grew up among the Cheyennes, but whose father was a fullblood Crow).
ho'sta ni. fire, stove, battery, fireball. appears to be treated as animate in some contexts; a fire or stove were
considered extremely important in Cheyenne life, so important that some people considered it sacred; this may account for the sometime animate status of ho'sta. Otxa ho'sta hn'e. There was just a stove
in (the cabin), it (animate) was standing (there). alternate to meaning of 'battery' is nonma'e.Pl: ho'stnstse. Oblique: ho'stva. The plural is used for the phenomenon of fireballs known as St. Elmo's fire. Fireballs have been seen dancing on ridges and rolling through woods. Ho'stnstse ohkeamostnstse. Fireballs float along. See: nonma'e. Etymology: *ekete:wi; F akote:wi.
-h'st
vai. whoop, cheer, yell, shout. -h'sta. He whooped. vta: -h'st'tov; fai: -st. See: h'hohen; -h'von; -h't; -nono'e; -pe'pe'st; -host1; -ho'st; ho'sta; -phvst.
-ho'st vai. arrive with noise. -ho'sta. He came with that sound. See: -h'st cheer. -h'st'tov vta. whoop; cheer; yell; shout (in sense of whooping) for s.o. for example, cheering for s.o.
who is playing in a ball game. N-h'st'tova. He yelled for me.
-ho'stmea'xe
vai. smell of fire, smell of smoke, fire smell, smokey smell. -ho'stmea'xe. He smells smokey. for example, how someone smells after fighting a fire. Final: -ma'xe.
-ho'stnahn vai. build a fire; make a fire. -ho'stnhne. He built a fire. ts-ho'stnhnstse the
firekeeper (esp. for a peyote meeting).
See: -nahn; -ho'hasen; -xo'snahn. IndepNoun: ho'sta.
ho'stn'o ni. ember.Pl: ho'stneontse. See: ho'stvn'e. Ho'stn'e 1 ni. fire stick. for example, used as a poker or to light fires.Variant: ho'stvn'e.
2 na. Fire Stick.
ho'stpaa'e ni. gunpowder.Literally: fire-powder. ho'stsmo ni. steam boat.Literally: fire-boat. -ho'stave vii. be a fire; fire exist. x-ho'stvnse anse There was a fire outside. [GHOST.TXT]
-ho'stve'xanee'e vai. 1 sit with fiery eyes.

2 fig., strongly disagree with (s.o.). -ho'stve'xanee'e, He sat with fiery (flaming) eyes, (='he did not agree with someone'). Notes (Phonology) vs
ho'stve'ho'e na. fire man. This is a person who makes fires. ho'stvn'e
ni. fire stick. a stick to remove ashes from a fire or stove. Variant: ho'stn'e. See: ho'stn'o.
-ho'stxe'stov vta. write s.o. so letter arrives. naa n'vh-ho'xe'stova hk'e Portland But he
wrote to me from way over in Portland.
-ho'stxe'ohe vta. enroll. -ho'stxe'ohe. He is enrolled. Naa htshhe mstavs-ho'stxe'hehhe.

And here he was enrolled. [1987:37] See: -vstxe'ohe.
-ho'stxe'oh(n) vta. enroll s.o. -ho'stxe'hnho. He enrolled him. -ho'e vai. arrive, make it to, able to do something. -ho'e. He can do it. vti: -ho'e't; Antonym: nthn'e. See: -ho'ee; -ho'eohts; -ho'ehn; -ho'eohe; -ho'manests; -nhtvan; -hohtamst.
-ho'ee vai. vti. lie on (s.t.); press down on by lying on (s.t.). -ho'e. He's lying on (it). -ho'ennvo.
They are lying on it. vii: -ho'eh; vta: -ho''tov. See: -ho'oo'e; -tsho'ee.
-ho''t1
vti. able to do s.t. -ho''ta. He can do it. vai: -ho'ee. See: -ho'manests; -nhtvan; hohtamst.
-ho''t2 vti. press down on s.t., lie on s.t. -ho''t. He's pressing it down with his body. vai: -ho'ee. -ho''tov vta. pin s.o. -ho''tovho. He pinned him. vai: -ho'ee. -ho'em vta. light up s.o., lay s.o. on fire to burn. -ho'emho. He is lighting him / she lit (his
cigarette). N-ho'mo. I put him (an.; for example, cedar) on (the stove). 'hkevho'emho (hestse'hkono). He would light (his pipe). [1987:220] ohk-ho'mnstse. They (for example, blades of sweetgrass) are put on (the stove). Cedar is burned on the top of stoves for the aroma and to cleanse from evil influences or powers. vai: -ho'ee.
-ho'eme'on
vai. light cigarette. -ho'eme'na. He's lighting a cigarette. tssthestomho'eme'nse while he was lighting his cigarette. [Stamper 1991:10] Possessive: hto'eme'onahttse. See: -thehasen; thehas'o; -xo'snahn.
ho'eme'onahttse ni. lighter.Pl: ho'eme'onhtottse. -h'en'tov vta. lie on s.o. -h'ennoto. He pressed him down with his body. N-h'en'tova. He
lay on me. See: -me'ta'o'h; -toe'ov.
-ho'kome vii. be lukewarm liquid. for example, said of water from a faucet which isn't cool. See: nsome't; -ho'spho't. -ho'kome It's lukewarm liquid.
ho'kome-
pv. lukewarm (liquid). N-ho'komhnne I cool it (that is, make it lukewarm) by pouring from one container to another. Initial: ho'e- 'not done, raw'.
-ho'kom vii. lukewarm, tepid. -ho'komo. It's lukewarm (water). -ho'komotht vti. cool s.t. (liquid) by blowing. that is, make it lukewarm. N-ho'komothta. I
cooled it by blowing on it.
-ho'eta vai. raw. -ho'eta. He is raw (for example, kidney). See: -ho'e. Ho'etoesttse na. Bulletproof.Variant: Ho'otoestse. Literally: safe from arrows. -ho'et'honaoohe
vai. arrive by swimming. Th'e tssta-ho'et'honaooese mhnmhaevhshoteots'tovhvhe. When she had swum quite a ways, she turned around
to look at him. [1987:291]
Ho'tse'e na. Lightning Woman.Variant: Ho'tse'e. -ho'tseotse ho'va

vii. thundering. -ho'tseotse. It is thundering (from lightning). Usage: Less commonly used than -ho'tseotse.Variant: -ho'tseotse. obl. on the land; on the ground. Ho'va namhne. I'm walking on foot. Ho'va nohkhhostnme. We walk to school (lit. we go on the ground to study). IndepNoun: ho'e.
-ho'vaht vti. make s.t. come by speaking. -ho'vhta. He caused it to come by speaking about it.
Nstsenx-ho'vhta. You will make it happen (if you mention it). one should not talk about bad
things which could happen because the talking might cause them to occur.
Ho'vhtamhnstse na. Earth Walker. -ho'vm vta. bring s.o. by calling. -ho'vamo. He brought him by talking about him (for example,
you're talking about s.o. and they show up at your house). Nto's-ho'vmo. You are going to bring him back. This is esp. said to tell someone to stop crying for a departed loved one. If they keep crying, it is believed that it can bring his spirit back and take our breath away. The mourner is also told, "He'konetnhtse!" "Be strong! (that is, hide your emotions).
Ho'vnstoohe na. Howling On the Ground. ho'vohktse ni. meat. Holliman Spelling: ho i vo go zi. Nstsev'v'e-e'sna ho'vohktse mtkva.
Don't turn meat over with a knife. (a cultural taboo). [1987:261]Variant: ho'voo'tse. Pl: ho'vhkohtsstse. Oblique: ho'vhkotsva; Possessive: -hto'vohktse. See: -ho'e raw. Etymology: cf. *akye:wakwi raw meat.
-ho'vhkotsmea'xe vai. smell of meat, meat smell. -ho'vhkotsmea'xe. He smells of meat. See: hovhema'xe.
-ho'vhkotseve vii. be meat. -ho'vhkotseve. It is meat.Variant: -ho'voohtseve. -ho'vhkotsvonen vai. meat teeth, gumming it. nxamaeneeme's-ho'vhkotsvonne. He just has
meat-like teeth (that is, He is gumming it, with no teeth left.). BodyPartMedial: -onen. See: ho'vohktse meat.
-ho'evo'ee vai. rush up, come quickly, dash up. -ho'evo'e. He rushed up. -h'vone vii. yelling and applauding sound. xxamaen-h'vnse. E'asho'sesesto ntxeo'o. There
was just yelling and applauding. The warriors started dancing. (Croft 1988:21:9). See: -h'est; -h't; -h'hohen.
-ho'evonht vta. approach s.o. by crawling. Hetaneo'o khkse tsst-ho'evonhtvvse ntxv'h'e

hne'anhethpe'e'haheo'o. When the men (Indian warriors) crawled up close to the soldiers they hollered back down (for example, at the Battle of the Little Big Horn). See: -vonehn; nsevonht.
Ho'vooht'e na. Meat Woman. -ho'voohtseve vii. be meat. -ho'voohtseve. It is meat.Variant: -ho'vhkotseve. Ho'voo'tse ni. 1 meat. bigger amount than ho'vohktse.Variant: ho'vohktse. Pl: ho'voottse.
2 Meat.
-ho'vootsve'xan vai. have cataracts. -ho'vootsve'xne. He has cataracts.Literally: meat-eyed. ho'evtse na. 1 whiteman; earth man. Said to be an older word for whiteman, before ve'ho'e was used.
"Ho'evtse tsohkhestohe," xhesstse. "'Earth Man', he (the person--white man--who was to
come to the Cheyennes) will be called," he (Sweet Medicine) said (prophesied). [1987:6:11]Pl: ho'evoto. See: v'ho'e; anonhovhe; ho'vohktse. 2 Whiteman.
ho'vxe'stoo'o -ho'h
ni. map; deed; neologism.Literally: land-paper.
land
book.
See: mxe'stoo'o.
Usage: probably
vta. have s.o. (in possession); keep s.o. -ho'hho. He has him. Nhhe n-ho'hane v'ho'e. There a whiteman gave us lodging (lit., had us). [1987:17] Mx-ho'hohevhe vhkeveto naa hethoo'o. She had a (sharp) horn and her club. [1987:271] Etymology: *a'le:wa 'he places him'. vti: -ho'ts. See: -'en own s.o.; -htsehtse.
-h'ha' vti. inaugurate s.t. esp. used to refer to the first time a new building is used. to's-h'ha'nvo.
They are going to use it (the building) for the first time.
h'ham- i. hillside, against the side (of something). ho'hme'e ni. spring (of water); well. Notes (Phonology) iah Etymology: cf. Ar hooxb.Pl: ho'hm'stse.
Oblique: h'ham'va, ho'ham'e.
ho'ham'etane na. spring god. the living spirit of the spring; offering cloths are put around a certain
spring for this sacred power.
-h'hamnome vai. sleep against. -h'hamnome. He's sleeping alongside (the house). fai: -nome. -h'hamee vai. lie on side (of something). -h'hame. He's lying on the side of something (for
example, a hillside). See: -heamxe.
h'hameto p. hillside, against the side; on the side (for example, of a house). See: heama. ho'hmto p. most of all. See: nno'se-. -h'ham'a'xe vai. blown stuck to side. for instance, blown by the wind and stuck to the side of a
house. -h'ham'a'xe. He was blown and stuck to the side. fai: -'a'xe.
H'ham's'o ni ??. na. Basket ?? Usage: name and common noun. Notes (Phonology) gr i.e. a basket
or container put on the side of a tepee or up against a house. See: Ma''ham'seo'o; vnh'etohko.
-ho'hamo't vii. be on the hillside; be up against the side of a tepee. -ho'ham'ta. It is on the side of
the hill.
-h'hamo'ts vti. positioned s.t. up against the side. for example, put on the side of a tepee or against a
house. -h'ham'tse. He put it up against the side.
-h'hamma'o' vii. hillside ground. -h'hamma''e. It is hillside ground. -h'hamoo'e vai. sit on hillside. -h'hamoo'e. He's sitting on the hillside. See: -ho'x'oo'e. h'hamose p. hillside. Oblique: h'hamse; Final: -ose. h'hamse obl. on the hillside. IndepNoun: h'hamose; Final: -ose. ho'hannoo'e
ni. rockpile marker; small mound of earth in front of a ceremonial lodge; limit; boundary. Cheyennes place piles of rocks where they wish to mark where they have been. See: ho'hon'e.
ho'hanektse ni. throwing-arrow game. -ho'he fai. by heat (or sun).Variant: -aho'he. ho-ho'he. He is hot. phveme-ho'he. He (for example,
burning cedar) smells good. fii: -ho't.
-h'hohen vai. cheer, whoop, Indian-whoop, clap, applaud. This word is used for Indian-whooping.
-h'hohne. He cheered. vta: -h't.Variant: -ho'h'hne. See: -h'est; -h'von; -nono'; pe'pe'st.
-h'ho'enohts
vai. have legache(s). -h'ho'enhtse. He has a legache(s). Ka'kneho 'hkeemstaho'n'enovo ts'the he'httne nonhpa mxho'nhkevh'ho'enohtsvse.
Children used to place their feet on these salamanders, that way they never used to get legaches. (a cultural belief; 1987:214).
-h'ho'eohts vai. body ache. for example, from the flu, arthritis, or rheumatism. -h'ho'ehtse. His
body aches. See: -mheh'ho'eohts.
-ho'h'hon vai. clap. -ho'h'hne. He's clapping.Variant: -h'hohen. h'hma p. 1 this side. See: nxh'hma this side. Antonym: nhst'e.
2 before. Tsxhovnee'se Nhkhno'kaestse h'hma mhnxhsevstoemhevhe Heseh'va.
When One Bear died (to whom she was married before), she then married Ridgewalker. [1987:31] See: hehpeto; maato.
ho'homaveto p. shortly afterwards ?? -h'homoo'e vai. sit up against. -h'homoo'e. He's sitting up against (something). See: -ho'x'oo'e. ho'hon'e na. 1 rock; stone.Pl: ho'honeo'o. Obviative: ho'honaa'o; Oblique: ho'honva. Etymology: cf.
*a'senyi. Diminutive: ho'honhke. Notes (Phonology) vs Ta'se ho'hon'e tsametannstse ho'honeo'o no'kha'hoeo'o. Like a stone which is living the stones stay (here on earth) the longest. (These words are a traditional song. In essence, they mean 'We all die, you can't live forever.' Grover Wolfvoice would sing this as a casket was being taken out of a building to be buried.). 2 Rock. origin of family name Roundstone.
Ho'hon'e Ts'amoo'se vai. Rocky Mountains.Literally: where the rock stands. Variant: Ho'honva. Ho'hon'htaamhnstse vai. Walking Rock. ho'hone- pv. of rock; with rock; rocky. -ho'honemhenaneo'o. They built a rock house. Ho'honehetanka'kne na. Rockyboy Indian.Variant: Ho'honeka'kne. Ho'honeka'kne Rockyboy Indian. Usage: probably loan transl. from English.Literally: rock-child.
Variant: Ho'hone-hetan-ka'kne. Pl: Ho'honeka'kneho.
ho'hone-mh'o ni. brick house; stone house. ho'honematse ni. stone excrement. oozes from rocks in the mountains. See: matse1 poop. Ho'honem'o na. Rock Road. origin of family name Rockroads. Ho'honemn'e na. Rock Road Woman. Ho'hon'e ni. Montana, rocky area.Literally: rocky-place(grove). Ho'hon'e tshestoo'emanese oo? vai. Montana State Legislature.Literally: those who make laws
in Montana.
ho'honethoo'e
na. tomahawk. Usage: may be a neologism.
See: thoo'e;
ma'xethoo'e;
tamheo'o.Literally: rock-hammer.
ho'honva obl. 1 in the mountains, on a rock. na: ho'hon'e.

2 Rocky Mountains.Variant: Ho'hon'e Ts'amoo'se; Ho'honevo'omnstse.
-ho'honeve vii. rocky. -ho'honeve it's rocky. Ho'honeve'htanhe na. Stone Forehead. -ho'honeveotse vai. vii. become stone. -ho'honeveotse It turned to stone/he turned to stone. tsho'honeveotse concrete (lit. that which has turned to rock).
-ho'honevsth
vai. stone-hearted. opposite of compassionate. -ho'honevstha. He's stonehearted. See: -he'konsth. vai. be a statue.Literally: rock-?-stand. Notes (Phonology) vs ARTIFICIAL? fai: -. -ho'honevstona'e. He rock-stands (that is, he is a statue). tsho'honevstonastse statue. See: -ma'kaataevstona'e.
-ho'honevstona'e
-ho'honevostomo'he vai. very stubborn.Literally: rock-personality. Talking to this kind of person is

like talking to a rock; you can't budge him. -ho'honevostomo'he. He's very stubborn.
Ho'honevo'omnstse
See: Ho'honva.
ni. Rocky Mountains. Usage: Ho'honva is more commonly used.
ho'honevose ni. mountain. See: vose; hohose; -ose.Literally: rocky-hill. Pl: ho'honevsottse. Ho'hnhke1 na. Little Rock. See: ho'honhke2. ho'honhke2
na. stone, little rock.Pl: ho'honhkeo'o. Non-diminutive: ho'hon'e. See: ho'honhkso small rock; Ho'hnhke1 Little Rock; -he-sto'honhkame have gallstones.
Ho'honhkenstoohe na. Howling Rock. ho'honhkso

na. small rock, pebble. diminutive: ho'hon'e.Pl: ho'honhksono.
double
dim.
See: ho'honhke.
Non-
-ho'hoon't vii. be a camp in a circle. See: -onsthko'hon't. -ho'hoon'ta It (for example, tepee
camp) is a camp in a circle.
-ho'hoon'ts vai. camp in a circle. not used with sg. subject. -ho'hoon'tseo'o. They are camped in a
circle.
-h'hovohe vai. feather arrow. that is, put feathers on arrow with sinew. -h'hovohe. He's putting on
the feathers with sinew. tsv'-h'hovohe ?? when used with what kind of feathers ?? [JS 7/89] See: -ho'ovht. Etymology: cf. *a'0awa:na 'a kind of arrow' (Pe79:333).
h'ke-
pv. finally. does not occur as the only preverb in a verb; requires preceding me'-, e-, or inferential prefix m-. See: -h'ke-; me'-h'ke-.Variant: h'ko-. Nme'h'ke-m'stomeve. You should have told me. -h'kho'hne. He finally came. -h'kem'totse'ohe. He finally
finished working. M-h'kenhevhhe. He must have been the one that did it. (just assumes that he was the one, in contrast to Mnhevhhe). sa-h'kephva'hane. It is not really good.
h'ko-
pv. must of necessity; have to (emphatic); compulsory; surely do; really. A: mnh'kovomhhe; B: mho'n-ho'kovomo A: You must have seen him; B: For sure I never saw him.Variant: h'ke-. typically occurs with a preceding e- or me'- (or both) preverbs: See: vovhpone-; h-. me'stse ohke-h'koxhevoo'o (phonetically, there is a y-offglide in the sequence ko(y)ox) He's always complaining. N-ho'keee'no (RECK h'ko?) He HAD to eat
(for example, he said he wasn't going to eat, but I told him to stay and eat, so he had to eat). mn-h'komshehhe I'll bet you already ate. nsta-h'komsehe I'm gonna make sure you eat. me'-h'komsehe He HAD to eat (for example, because he had to go fight a fire and needed strength; in contrast to the preceding ex. with a preceding e-, alone, this ex. shows an element of ought-ness, besides the compulsion). N-h'kho'ehtse I really did come. nhhe msta-ho'keee'anhevovhe They finally managed to get his body (on the scaffold). (1987:267). Nta-h'kom'tna I'm FINISHING it (for example, even though it's hard)!
Ho'khom'e na. Little Sioux. See: Ho'hom'e. -h'kht'tov vta. lean against s.o. -h'khte'tovho. He leaned against him. Usage: -h'ht'tov
may be used more commonly.Variant: -h'ht'tov.
h'khthe ni. cane. nht'khthe my cane.Variant: h'hthe (PD646). Etymology: cf. M aahpatah;
aahpatahonan (pl).Pl: h'khtheontse.
-h'khthe'ahe vai. walk with cane. -h'khthe'ahe. He's walking with a cane. -h'khthe'hne vai. walk with crutches. -h'khthe'hne. He's walking with crutches. -h'khthne vai. walk with a cane. -h'khthne. He's walking with a cane. -h'khtheohts vai. walk with a cane. N-h'khthehtse. I walk with a cane. -h'khthe'e
[pd911]
vai. stand leaning on cane. -h'khthe'e. He's standing leaning on his cane. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -.Variant: -h'hthe'e.
-ho'konen vai. be toothless. esp. of an older person or an animal that has lost its teeth. -ho'konne.
He is toothless. Medial: -onen.
-ho'manests vai. vti. make it so far; make it in time; make it to here. contains preverb ho'(e)- plus TI
verb -manests. -ho'manstse. He made it in time; he made it to here. t-ho'manstse Denver. He made it (there) to Denver. Usage: Probably a loan transl. from English and is in common usage.. See: -ho'e.
-ho'ma'tov vta. send s.o. who arrives. N-ho'ma'tova. He sent me (here). See: -ma'tov. Ho'neho'sta na. Fire Wolf. See: 'khomeho'sta. Ho'nem'hne
na. Rising Wolf.Literally: Wolf Appearing. Said to be the Indian name of Jim Blackwolf, Sacred Hat Keeper, who died April 1998. He was known by his nickname, Khem'hne, which might be a shortened form of something like 'khme hm'hnstse, literally Coyote Appears. (Note that other 'Coyote' names have been translated by English 'Wolf', as in 'khmxhahketa for Littlewolf, literally Little Coyote.). See: me'ehn.Variant: Ho'nem'hnstse.
Ho'nem'hnstse vai. Rising Wolf, Wolf Appearing.Variant: Ho'nem'hne. Ho'nem'ehtse vai. Rising Wolf, Wolf Appearing. Ho'nen'eohtsv'e na. Wolf Stepping Woman. translation uncertain. See: -ho'n'e'e; -ho'ne'. Ho'nevhaohe na. Wolfname. See: -vh. h'nehe na. 1 wolf. Notes (Phonology) iahPl: ho'nheo'o. Obviative: ho'neho.
2 Wolf.
H'nehe xha'ho'oesstse vai. High Wolf. Ho'nhe'ke na. Wolf Mule. Contracted: He'ke. Ho'nheamehtse na. Wolf Walking.
Ho'nheeohts'hhe na. Wandering Wolf Woman. Ho'nheeohtsv'e na. Wandering Wolf Woman. Ho'nheevhtohe na. Howling Wolf. Ho'nheevhtoh'e na. Howling Wolf Woman. Ho'nhemahta na. Wolf Legging. translation uncertain. Ho'nhm'o na. Wolf Road. -ho'nhenon vai. sing wolf song. -ho'nhnne. He sang a wolf song. Final: -non. Notes (Phonology)
hl
-ho'nhenonee'e vai. sit singing wolf songs. -ho'nhenonee'e. He's sitting singing wolf songs. ho'nhenoo'tse ni. wolf song.Pl: ho'nhenoottse. Ho'nhentaxe na. Soldierwolf. Ho'nhentxeo'o na. Wolf Warriors. Ho'nheo'h'e ni. Wolf River. This is now known as the North Canadian River in Okla. ho'nhso na. 1 little wolf. See: ho'nhkso.Pl: ho'nhesono.
2 Youngwolf.
ho'nhkso na. wolf pup. double dim.Pl: ho'nheksono. Ho'nhetane

na. 1 Pawnee. name for a member of the Pawnee tribe as well as a Cheyenne name.Literally: wolf-person. Pl: Ho'nhetaneo'o. 2 Pawnee.
Ho'nhetan'e na. Pawnee Woman. Ho'nhetaneo'h'e ni. Pawnee Creek. a tributary of the South Platte River east of Crow Creek. ho'nhetaneonha'e
Usage: od. na. bullfrog. Holliman Spelling: ho ne he dan ni oon ha i.Literally: wolf-frog.
ho'nhetanv'kso na. American bluejay.Literally: wolfman(Pawnee)-bird. -ho'nheve vai. 1 be a wolf.

2 be smart (esp. smarter than men). generally said of a woman. See: -'khomheve. ho'nheve She is a wolf; she is smarter than men.
Ho'nhevee'se na. na. Wolf Tooth. a proper name and name of mountains near Busby, Montana.
2 ni. Wolf Tooth Mountains. Oblique: Ho'nheveesva. The locative form (ending in -va) may
be more frequently used as the name for the range of mountains.
Ho'nheveesva ni. Wolf Tooth Mountains. See: Ho'nhevee'se. Ho'nhevhaoohe na. Wolf Name. Ho'nhvho na. Wolf Chief. -ho'nhevhohts vai. have wolf footprints. generally said of a woman meaning she is very smart and
can outsmart a man. See: -hohts. -ho'nhevhhtse She has wolf footprints.
Ho'nhevetane na. Wolf Man. Ho'nhevo'tonhe na. Wolf Choker, Wolf Necklace. Ho'nhevo'ovhe na. Wolf-like Fur. Ho'nhevotoomhe na. Wolfrobe. -ho'ne'e vai. step. -ho'ne'e. He stepped. Oxsta 'vhe-ho'n'esstse. He took steps just fine again
(attrib.). [1987:109] Final: -o'ne'. See: -tho'ne'e.
ho'n'stva obl. step, yard. a measure of approximately one yard. no'ka ho'n'stva one step length. -ho'n'e'e vti. step standing on s.t. -ho'n'e'e. He's stepped on it and is standing on it. Final: -.
See: -txeo'e. Notes (Phonology) vs
-ho'n'eots'tov vta. step on s.o. -ho'n'eotsnoto. He stepped on him. [Croft] -ho'nn vai. tan. -ho'nne. He tanned hide. -ho'nneo'o. They tanned (same pronunciation as 'they
arrived nursing'). Etymology: cf. *ah0e:hke:wa (G); cf. O aseke (N).
Ho'nohma'aestse vai. Redwolf. Ho'nohma'henevstse vai. Medicine Wolf. -ho'noh(n)

vta. tan s.o. Nhm'stomevstse tsohk-ho'nohe v'kaehevottse! Explain to me how hides are tanned! vai: -ho'nn.
Ho'nohnstooestse vai. Howling Wolf. Ho'nohnstoohe na. Howling Wolf. Ho'nohtshtsstse vai. Wandering Wolf. Ho'nohv'komaestse vai. White Wolf. Ho'nohvotonevstse vai. Wolf Tailfeathers. See: voto. Ho'nohvovhnstse vai. Wolf Walkingfirst. Ho'nohvov'haestse vai. Spotted Wolf. Ho'nosesohttse vai. Wolf Going Through a Crowd. can also refer to a wolf urinating while going
through a crowd. Medial: -s.
Ho'nosvaaestse vai. Turns Back Wolf. See: hos-. Ho'noxhaestse vai. Brave Wolf. Ho'noxhahketa
meaning.
na. Littlewolf. See: 'khmxhahketa. Usage: possibly not extant for this
Ho'noxha'ho'ose vai. Highwolf. h'nepfx. even if, even though. h'n-hohetonto even if it is really cold. h'nhvsvatamno'e even if it is bad weather (for instance, cloudy). See: h'-; ne-; oh-; ox-. also include the inferential proclitic m=, resulting in mho'n-.Variant: ho'n-. ho'n- creates the negative parallel of independent inferential affirmative. ho'n-eevomhtse You never saw her before? ho'n-haomhtaestse He must not have been sick. Mho'n-hetsevmhtse. He must not have backed out from telling him how it is. See: m=ho'n-; sa-.
ho'n- pfx. not, negative. Notes (Phonology) only used in the conjunct with conjunct inferentials; Most speakers
-ho'e' vai. arrive floating. -ho''o. He/It arrived floating. -ho'o'ta vti. press down on s.t., put weight on s.t. -ho'o'ta. He put his weight on it. vta: -ho'o'tov.
See: -ho'oo'e.
-ho'o'tov
vta. press down on s.o. -ho'onoto. He pressed down on him. stxamaemsesho'o'tovhtssesto votsevhne. The deer all piled in on each other. (1980:7:54). vti: -ho'oo'e. See: -no'oo'e.
-ho'emhan vai. bring wood. -ho'emhne. He brought firewood. See: -mhan; -o'xoemhan. -ho'emhaov -ho'emanohe
vta. bring s.o. firewood. -ho'emhaovho. He brought firewood for him. Mnstsenx-ho'emhaove? Will you bring me firewood? See: -o'xoemhaov. vai. bring water; arrive with water. for example, to bring water from a creek. ho'emanohe. He brought back water. See: -manohe. -ho'oeme? What date is it (today)? See: -ho'osta.
-ho'oeme vai. vii. arrive at such value; arrive at such date. -ho'oeme. It has come to that date. Tne'e -ho'eotse vai. see to such extent. H'e nst-ho'eotse. You will see far. [1987:146] See: -heteotse. -ho'ose vai. arrive floating. -ho'ose. He arrived (at that spot) hanging. Tne'e -ho'ose? What time
is it? (lit. When has he (esp. the sun) arrived hanging?).
-ho'oeseven vti. cook s.t. quickly. Nhths-ho'oesevna hov'he. I'll quickly cook some more (of
something).
-ho'ost vii. arrive hanging. Tne'e -ho'osta? What time is it? (lit. When has it arrived hanging?).
-ho'osta. It is time (for example, for a break). more natural historically than
ho'nhe'xove ??
-ho'oesta'xe vai. dash up (there); arrive quickly. -ho'oesta'xe. He dashed up (to there). Final: -a'xe;
Medial: -oest.
-ho'ostanen
vai. take lunch break. -ho'ostnne. He's taking his lunch break.Variant: stovostanen. See: -mshvost.
Ho'oesto'on'e na. Issues Food Woman. ho'esto'ono na. (sacred?) bundle ?? See: vonh'xa'e; hhkha'e; maahtse; estono. -ho'oestomev vta. pass s.o. (to someone else), throw something to s.o. maybe it hit him and hurt him in
the face. Usage: not widely used. -ho'oestomevho. He threw (something) to him.
-ho'oestomev vta. throw s.o. at s.o. (Heke) hms-ho'oestomensesto (hevsemo). Her mother threw
her younger brother at her. [Stamper example, the ball, animate) to him.
1991:10]
-ho'oestomevnoto. He passed/threw him (for
-ho'oestn vai. arrive count; count until , read as far as. with pv. ho'-. -ho'oestne He counted until.
ho'oestnstse nshtoha Count to 7! Tsa'e nho'ostne? How far have you read?
-ho'oests vti. cook s.t., boil s.t. -ho'ostse She cooked it. taohkee-ho'oestsnvtse hesetsstse.
They would boil up some herbal medicines. ho'oot. See: -ho'oohe.
[1987:213]
See: -hesevo'h; -ho'oeseven. vta: -
-ho'oh(n) vta. cover s.o., put something over s.o. What is put over a person can be abstract, such as
defeatism. -ho'hnho. He covered him. ma'xetnov-ho'hnho. He almost skunked him.
Ho'hom'e na. 1 Sioux.Pl: Ho'homo'eo'o. Obviative: Ho'homo'ho; Feminine: Ho'homo''e.

2 Sioux.
Ho'homo''e na. 1 Sioux woman.

2 Sioux Woman.
-ho'homo'nestse vai. talk Sioux. ho'homo'nestse He talks Sioux. Final: -nestse. Ho'homo'no ni. South Dakota, Sioux country.Literally: Sioux-place. -ho'homo'vhtheve -ho'homo'he
vii. vai. have a Sioux design. -ho'homo'vhthvnstse They (esp. moccasins) have Sioux designs. vai. arrive dancing, dance arrive. -ho'homo'he. He came and danced. Nxho'homo'hstse! Come dance! Final: -ohom'he.
-ho'hoo'e vai. arrive by swimming; swim arrive. Ntao'seonsenha'no khkse mhnx-ho'hoo'stse

I'm gonna try to catch him when he swims up close. [JOURNEY.TXT] Notes (Phonology) vs Final: ohoo'e.
h'oht- i. against (lean). See: h'os-. -ho'hta vti. bring s.t. by mouth. -ho'hta. He brought it in his mouth. fti: -ht. -ho'hta'han vai. arrive at a point in storytelling. N-ho'hta'hne. I have arrived at that point in the
storytelling. [1987:291]
-h'htan vti. vta. lean s.t./s.o. against. -h'htanho. He leaned him against something. -h'hto'tov vta. lean against s.o. -h'htonoto. He leaned against him. N-h'hto'tova. He leaned
against me. N-h'khtentse. I leaned against him.Variant: -h'kht'tov. Final: -oe. See: h'se'tov.
h'hthe
ni. cane, staff. Usage: h'khthe seems more prevalent today.Variant: h'khthe. Pl: h'htheontse.
H'hthen'e na. Cane Woman. -h'htoo'e vai. sit leaning against. esp. against a backrest. -h'htoo'e. He's sitting leaning up against
a backrest. Notes (Phonology) vs
-ho'ohts vai. go; come; arrive. often with idea of coming to visit. -ho'htse. He came to visit. Nho'ho'htse. I have come to visit. Often appears to function much as a relative root or preverb, for example, as -he'ohts or hee-. Tsa'e -ho'htse? Where did she go? Where could they have all gone?! (exclamation with rhetorical emphasis). Nt-ho'htse nevntse. I went to (visited) your home. H'e nstav'-ho'htsme. tata'hoo'e Hma'e. ohkenonehtse ma'taamhemhonstove. Don't go far from the camp. The Beaver (constellation) has swum out of sight (in the Fall). Go in pairs when you go hunting. See: -he'ohts; -nho'htsv.
-ho'o'hotse vai. arrive running, arrive by car. -ho'o'hotse. He arrived running. [1987:247] -ho''a' vii. blow arrive. -ho'''o. It was blown here. -ho''a'xe vai. 1 come in with the wind. -ho''a'xe. He came in with the wind.
2 arrive after not having been seen for quite awhile. Usage: fig..
-ho''an vai. arrive at in saying, get right to the point. -ho''ne. He arrived at the point in what he
was saying. Ta'e mhove'e n-ho''ne! Finally you came to it in speaking! fai: -'an.
-ho'o'as vii. fire arrive. for example, of a grass fire that reached to one's home. -ho'o'se. The fire
arrived. fii: -o'as.
-ho'o'etahe vai. do something to that point. xaetaet-ho'o'etahe. He did things right to the point. -ho''ehn vai. arrive by wagon. -ho''hne. He arrived by wagon. Medial: -'(e). See: -ho''eohts. -ho''en vti. vta. haul s.t./s.o. by wagon (or truck). -ho''na ho'ose He hauled the coal (by truck or
wagon).
-ho''eohe vai. arrive quickly by wagon. -ho''eohe. He arrived quickly by wagon. -ho''eohts vai. arrive by wagon (or rolling transportation). See: -ho''ehn. st-ho''ehtse stt'e.
(Frank) Pine came on a wagon. (1987:181). Medial: -'(e).
-ho''eohtst vii. arrive by rolling. mst-ho''eohtsthanetshe heme'ko hekevho Their mother's

head must have come rolling in. (1987:255).
ho''omee-
pv. often. Ho''omee-amhna! Often pray! (I Thess. 5:17). See: hetse-; ne-; ame-; nn'se; totne'e.
ho''omeeto p. in a watchful fashion ?? Usage: obsolescent. -ho'o't vii. set; reach. tshhe "north" ts'hkhenove tama'xet-ho''ta here, north, as it is called,
there's a big ridge.
-ho'o'xe vai. arrive with game on back. -ho'o'xe. He arrived carrying game on his back. Naa ts'the
ksovaheho staohkhemhnsesto; ts'the 'hk-ho'o'xsesto. And these (other) young men would go hunting; they would bring in game. [1987:306] fai: -o'xe.
-ho'o'x'tov
vta. arrive with s.o. on back. -ho'o'xnoto. He arrived carrying him on the back. ho'o'xnoto votsevhne. He arrived carrying the deer.
-ho'o'xohts vai. come walking with game on the back. -ho'o'xhtse. He came walking with game
on his back.
ho'ma'e- pv. based on. Nto'sev'-ho'ma'eestse. I'm going to quote from it to establish authority. -ho'ma'e vai. 1 lay head on. -ho'ma'e. He's laying his head on (something, for example, on a
pillow). BodyPartMedial: -a'. 2 table something. Usage: fig.. that is, have time to think about something. Nta-ho'ma'e. Let me table it.
-ho'ma'o'tov vta. sit on s.o. to sit on s.o. animate such as a pillow. N-ho'ma'oentse. I'm sitting on
him.
ho'ma'oesttse na. saddle blanket.Pl: ho'ma'ostoto. Obviative: ho'ma'ostoto. -ho'ma'o'ts vti. build s.t. on top. for example to put something on top of wood, rock, cloth, for
example, to keep it clean. -ho'ma'o'tsnvo. They built it on the rocks. [jg 7/89]
-ho'ma'oo'e vai. sit on (something such as a rug). for example, sit on a rug. -ho'ma'oo'e. He sat on
(the rug). Notes (Phonology) vs vta: -ho'ma'oe'tov.
-ho'ma'xov vai. arrive plowing. ts'vho'-ma'xvse xxamaehsemhehee'venohhoo'o when

he came back plowing he was just all dirty (1987:70. Final: -ma'xov.
-ho'om'tov
vta. sense arrival of s.o. seems also to refer to wishing for the arrival of s.o. ho'om'tovho. He sensed that he was going to arrive. See: -hom'tov.
-ho'ome vii. be the confluence; be the mouth of a river. tsx-ho'ome at the mouth of the river (for
example, where Rosebud Creek empties into the Yellowstone River). Vtanovo'h'e tsstho'ome at the mouth of the Tongue River (1987:182).Literally: arrive-mouth ??. fta: -m by mouth.
-ho'mest
vai. escape arrive. -ho'msta. He escaped to here. nhv'-ho'mstvhtse had they escaped. [1987:42] See: -hmest.
-ho'nean vti. vta. inject intravenously, dialyze. ohk-ho'neane. He gets dialysis. Medial: -n. -ho'ont vii. crystal snowing; snowing crystals. -ho'onto. It snowing tiny crystals. See: -ho't. -ho'neeto'ham
vai. halter horse(s). -ho'neeto'hme. He put halters on horse(s). See: hxeeseto'ham.
ho'neeto'hamesttse ni. halter. See: hxeeseto'hamesttse.Literally: tied.together-horse-NOM. -ho'nov vai. arrive talking. -ho'nva. He arrived talking. -ho'oohe vai. vii. cooked; boiled. tsohk-ho'oohe boiling meat (lit. that which is boiled). vta: -ho'oot;
vti: -ho'oests.
ho'ooh-mh'o
na. squash, pumpkin.Literally: cooking-melon. Usage: used for pumpkin in Okla.. Holliman Spelling: hoo he mhau o. ho'ohtanovot. See: -hohtanov; -htohtanovhtottse.
-ho'ohtanov vta. bring food home to s.o. -ho'ohtanovho. He brought food home to him. Synonym: -ho'ohtanovot vta. bring food home to s.o. -ho'ohtanovotho. He brought food home to him. See: hohtanov; -ho'ohtanov.
-ho'ohtanxvaen
vta. bring food home to s.o. a quicker action than -ho'ohtanov. ho'ohtanxvaenho. He brought food home to him. [1987:316]
-ho'oo'e vti. fall on s.t., press down on s.t. esp. to fall on top of s.t. to protect it, holding it down with
your body weight. -ho'oo'e. He pressed down on it with his weight. -ho'onvo. They fell on it. Notes (Phonology) vs vta: -ho'o'tov. See: -ho'o't; -no'oo'e.
-ho'oo'koh vii. rain arrive. -ho'oo'kho rain came.Variant: -ho'oo'oh. See: -hoo'koh; ho'-. -ho'o'
vai. have in eyesight. t-ho''o. He has (something) within his eyesight. H'e nsaho'o'he. You do not see far. (1987:146). Notes (Phonology) not vs See: ho'-.
-ho'omaeotse vii. storm arrive. -ho'omaeotse. A storm arrived. -ho'oot

vta. cook s.o., boil s.o. -ho'ootho. She cooked him. Ho'ooxenano mshstoto! Cook the potatoes! vti: -ho'oests. See: -ho'oohe. ov. See: -ho'e'sev.
-ho'ovotse vii. arrive flowing, water arrive flowing. -ho'ovotse. The water arrived flowing. fii: h'os- i. against. See: h'oht-. h'se p. lean against. See: n'se; ho'ose. ho'ose ni. coal, live charcoal.Variant: ho'kose. -h'snome vai. sleep leaning on something. -h'snome. He's sleeping leaning on something. -h'se'tov vta. lean against s.o. -h'seenoto. He's leaning against him. vai: -h'se'e. -h'sests vti. lean s.t. against. -h'sestse. He stood it up against. Ho'seo'h'e ni. Colstrip, Montana.Literally: coal-river. ho'seono place where tent bottom is held down with wood (etc.) (in addition to.
-h'se'e vai. lean against (something) while standing. See: -h'ht'tov; -h'see. -h'se'e. He
leaned against (something). N-h'se'e mhene I'm leaning against the house. Notes (Phonology) vs vta: -h'se'tov; fai: -.
-h'see
vai. lie leaning against. for example, sleeping leaning against the wall. -h'se. He lay/leaned against. See: -h'se'e.
-ho'seve vii. be coal. -ho'seve. It is coal. ho'se-v'ho'e na. coal man. -h't whoop at s.o. can be done in teasing, for example, teasing a brother-in-law if he has fallen off a
horse. -h'oto. He whooped at him. vai: -h'hohen. See: -h'est; -h'von.
ho'ota 1
ni. choker, necklace.Pl: ho'tantse. Possessive: -vo'ota bolt of lightning. 2 na. necktie.Pl: ho'otano.
-ho'tne vai. arrive by burrowing. -ho'tne. He arrived by burrowing. Final: -tan. See: -amtane. -ho'tano'ham vai. collar horse(s), put collar on horse(s). -ho'tano'hme. He's putting a collar on
his horse(s).Variant: -e'to'tano'ham.
ho'tano'hamstottse ni. horse collars. grammatically pl. Ho'otoestse na. Bulletproof.Variant: Ho'etoesttse. Literally: safe from arrows. -ho'otht
vti. bring s.t. by mouth. hnhm'-ho'othtnse hov'he tsohkevho'otsnovetse. He brought things back (in his mouth) that could be used. (1987:259). Final: -ht. here as a particle, it functions as an indefinite pronoun of time, semantically parallel with Ch. nev'esstse, hov'he, tsa'e, etc. This word can refer to a past time similar to English 'once upon a time', but more like 'one day', as establishing a time frame for a discourse segment. It does not seems to have the idea of 'once', as in a single instance, for which no'ka is used, instead. H'tva can also refer to future time, the precise time of which is not known. Instead of being close to English 'once upon a time' or 'one day', it seems to have more the meaning of 'out of the blue', as well as 'sometime' and 'someday'. Perhaps speakers vary in whether or not they allow this particle to have a past time reference function, as has English 'once upon a time.'. Sometimes has the meaning of 'suddenly, all of a sudden'. 'hksanho'htsvsesto naa h'tva mhnho'htsvhevovhe. They did not used to visit them. And (then) one day they did visit them. [1987:3:3-4] H'tva eeva netao'o he'ama nsto'semhepeohtsnse naa ho'e. Someday all heaven will be destroyed, and the earth (also). [Hymn 39] H''tva nhtsevoneotse. Someday I'll be gone (dead). [1987:206] H'tva nhnho'htsveo'o! Come visit me sometime! h'tva no'ka eeva one day (sometime in the past). [GO: 7/95] H'tva v'o. All of a sudden he fell. [see 1987:3:5 for 'all of a sudden' sense] See: htvne; s'hove-; ms-.
h'tva p. sometime; one day; once; someday; suddenly; out-of-the-blue; at once. Although classified
-ho'ots vti. use s.t. -ho'tse. He used it. Naa h'tva 'hkh-ho'otsnse amhomhtsesttse. And
sometimes he would use a mirror. [1987:108] vta: -ho'ots'tov; Synonym: -hotse'ht.
-ho'otse'ohe fai. work arrive, arrive at point in work. t-ho'otse'ohe. He came to that point in his work.
[1987:199]
fai: -otse'ohe; vai: -hotse'ohe.
-ho'ots'tov
vta. use s.o., hire s.o. N-ho'otsentse mo'hno'ha. I used the horse. naa m'hkho'otshenothe ho'eevo and he used to use a hide. [1987:107] vti: -ho'ots. See: -hotse't.
-ho'otsnove vii. useful. -ho'o'tsnove. It is useful. vti: -ho'ots. h'otseon'e ni. willow backrest; bedstead. This is a backrest made of willows, traditionally used in a
tepee. These backrests are always in pairs.Pl: h'otseon'stse. Medial: -'(e). See: h'os-; h'se; hoeseon'e.
Ho'tse'e na. Lightning Woman.Variant: Ho'tse'e. -ho'tseotse vii. thundering. -ho'tseotse. It is thundering (from lightning). Usage: more commonly
used than -ho'tseotse.Variant: -ho'tseotse. See: -ho'tse.
-ho'ovht vti. feather s.t. esp. an arrow. -ho'ovhtantse maahtse. He featherd the arrows. [1987:220]
See: -h'hovohe.
-ho'vhtv vai. sell land. -ho'vhtva. He sold land. See: ho'e land.
ho'x- i. last; at end. h'xe p. last; on the end. refers to last position in line. See: hestxe-. Notes (Phonology) High pitch on the
first syllable is probably due to iah. Reduplicated: ht'xe.
ho'xe- pv. last, at the end. See: ho'xove-. ts'hk-ho'xeometootse when the last snow squalls come
through (1987:32). vtsno staosan-ho'xet'honoohhoo'o just then she had swum across to the other side (1987:292). nt-ho'xenhetatsme I'm at the end telling you (pl) (that) (that is, he is almost finished). Ho'xe-neha! Nurse him before you leave! (for example, at the end of your visit).
ho'xhe'pe ni. last rib. See: he'pe. -ho'xehn

vai. walk last. that is, walking as the last one in line. -ho'xhne. He walked last. Antonym: -hestxehn.
-ho'xe'e vai. stand on the end. stano'k-ho'xeesstse. (The whiteman) was standing alone at the
end (of the line). [Croft 1988:21:12] fai: -. Notes (Phonology) vs
-ho'xeve vii. vai. last; be the last one; be at the end. -ho'xeve. He is the end/he is the last one in
line/it is the last one in line.
ho'xove-
pv. arrive across. naa ts'the mstato'se=nhhe=ho'xovethonaohhhe(?) And this (girl) had almost swum across to the other side... (1987:292). See: ho'xe-; hxove-; ho'(e)-. vai. arrive across (for example, across the ocean during a World War). Ntaho'xovehtse thhe I have already gone overseas. [REBUKE.TXT]
-ho'xoveohts
-ho'shenohts vai. getting matter in his eyes. -ho'shnhtse. He has matter (for example, pus)
in his eye(s).
-ho'sahtse
vai. drool, slobber. -ho'shtse. He drools. Medial: -ahtsen mouth. See: -ho'shen; hto'shtse; -h'oneohtsnohts.
ho'shtsennhno ni. oatmeal. See: matsementse.Literally: slobbery-gravy. Ho'shtsenm's'e na. Slobbering Calf. a nickname given to one of several men named M's'e. -ho'shtsentse
vai. drool; slobber. for example, when cutting teeth or when drunk. ho'shtsenhtse. He is drooling. Medial: -o'sahtsen.
-ho'san vai. store. -ho'sne. He stored. ts'hk-ho'sanstove storeroom/trunk (of car). ho'san-mh'o ni. storage shed.Literally: storage-house. Variant: ho'sen-mh'o. -ho'shan vai. matter in eyes. The same initial is used here for matter exuding from the eyes as for
saliva drooling from the mouth (-ho'sahtsen); the matter might be pus from infection or the ordinary dried secretion in the corner of one's eyes upon waking. -ho'shane. His eyes are gummy. (for example, upon awakening). Medial: -n eye(s). See: -ho'sahtsen; -matsn.
ho'sen-mh'o ni. storage shed.Literally: storage-house. Variant: ho'san-mh'o. ho's'o

ni. 1 parfleche, bundle, little suitcase.Pl: ho'seontse. typically glossed by speakers as 'parfleche', a word of French origin, possibly supporting the idea of contact between Ch. speakers and French fur traders, perhaps while the Ch. lived in the woodlands west of the Great Lakes; these bags were typically used in tepees for storage and as furniture ?? See: v'ho'seo'o. 2 Parfleche. na. dancer. the conjunct participle tsho'sese 'those who dance' is also used for 'dancers'.Pl: ho'seheho. Obviative: ho'seheho. See: -ho'soo'e dance.
ho'she
ho'se-mh'o ni. dance hall.Literally: dance-house. such a building has also been used as a general
meeting hall, for example, for district political meetings.
-ho'sestove vii-impers. be dancing. -ho'sestove there is dancing; people are dancing. ho'sohtsstse
na. diaper. Usage: less commonly used than nhpe'hesttse. See: nhpe'hesttse.Literally: dirty thing. Pl: ho'shtseto. Obviative: ho'shtseto.
-ho'soo'e vai. dance. -ho'soo'e. He is dancing. -ho'seo'o. They are dancing. ts-ho'soo'stse the one
who is dancing/the dancer. ts-ho'sese those who dance/the dancers. Ho'soo'e! Dance! (said to
more than one person). Mnsts-ho'soo'e? Are you gonna dance? See: -ohomo'he; -mht' ??.
Notes (Phonology) vs
ho'sot- i. dirty. -ho'sotahe vai. dirty. -ho'sotahe. He's dirty. Antonym: -hxe'ahe. See: -okhkeve. -ho'sottsest vti. regard s.t. as dirty. -ho'sottssta He regarded him as being dirty. -ho'sot vii. dirty. -ho'sto. It's dirty. Antonym: -hxe'. -ho'sotoome vii. be dirty water. Antonym: -nanvsvoome. -ho'sotome It is dirty water. -ho'sots'haht vai. have dirty feet. -ho'sots'hhta He has dirty feet. -ho'sotsne vai. have a dirty face. -ho'sotsne. He has a dirty face. sometimes used by children to
tease each other. BodyPartMedial: -n. See: -ho'sotahe; -hee'vn.
-ho'sotsenno'e vii. look dirty. -ho'sotsenno'e. It looks dirty. fii: -nno'e. -ho'sotsenohe vai. look dirty. -ho'sotsenohe He looks dirty. fai: -nohe. -ho'sotsehta vai. have dirty leg(s). -ho'sotsehta his leg is dirty. -ho'sotssan
vai. wear soiled clothes. -ho'sotssne. He's wearing soiled clothes.Variant: ho'sotsvsan.
-ho'sotsevo'stanheve vai. live in a dirty (or messy) fashion. -ho'sotsevo'stanheve. He lives in a

dirty/messy fashion.
-ho't1 vii. be here, be there, be at. -h'ta. It's here. -h'ta namhene It's in my house. tsx-h'ta
where it is. Hk'e he'evne -ho'tanettse hema'aetave'xanstottse. His glasses are way down on his nose. vai: /-hoe/. Etymology: *a'te:wi.
-ho't2 fii. by heat; by sun. hae-h'ta. It is sunny. ho-h'ta. It is hot. The spelling of this final varies
between -ho't and -aho't. See: -aho't. fai: -ho'he.
h'tah- i. defeat. -h'tah vti. beat s.t., conquer s.t. -h'tha. He beat it/he conquered it. -h'tahe vai. lose; be beaten. -h'tahe He lost/he was beaten/he was conquered. passive of -h'tah(n).
See: -h'tah(n); -vovna'o'h; -ho't; -h'thev.
-h'thev
vai. win, defeat, beat. used for winning, for example, in a contest, cards, game, or handgame. See: -vovneotse; -vovnan. Antonym: -h'tahe. -h'thva. He won. -h'thevao'o. They won. Nvhe ts-h'thvtse? Who (sg) won? naa mhnhe-h'thevhevhe and that's how (the people's side) won (in the Great Race). [1987:246] vta: -h'tah(n).
h'thevhe na. victor. ma'x-h'thevhe used for 'Jesus', the Great Conqueror in a hymn translated
by Rodolphe Petter.
-h'thevtsan
vai. win; beat (for people). hne ts'vheeamhstove ametannesttse ts'vh'thevtsnse mo''ha that's how we received life, how the mapgie won (for people). mhoxe'a'.
-h'thevvanen vai. winning hand (in cards). N-h'thevvanne. I've got a winning hand. See: ho'thke ni. sinew. Usage: archaic. See: ho'tke; ho'tno. Etymology: *ya't(ehs)i (Pe79.400). -h'tah(n)
vta. beat s.o., defeat s.o. -h'thnho. He beat him. Nh'taestse. I beat you. Nh'theeneo'o. They beat us (excl.). ohketo'set'-h'thnho He would almost beat him. [1987:150] N-h'themeno. You (plural) beat us. [1987:247] See: -vovnan; -m'to'h(n).
ho'tno na. sinew strand. a single strand of sinew. Etymology: cf. M a'taeh.Pl: ho'tanono. pl. means
'thread'; grammatically pl. because of multiple strands. ho'tke means 'sinew (before destranding)'. See: ho'thke.
-ho'tannan vai. make thread (esp. from sinew). -ho'tannne She's making thread from sinew. ho'tanono na. thread. grammatically pl. because of multiple strands. See: ho'tke sinew (before destranding). Singular: ho'tno.
-h'thtan vta. run over s.o. -h'thtanho. He ran over him. for example, with a car.
-ho'tomev vta. keep s.t. for s.o. -ho'tomevho He kept it for him. See: -ho'tov ??; -ho'ts; -ho'h. -ho'tomv
vta. keep his (inan. thing). N-ho'tomvo heta'ta'heo'o. I have his key. See: -ho'ts; ho'tomev.
-ho'tonvhtehe vai. cinched loosely. -ho'tonvhtehe. He is cinched up loosely. -ho'tonvhtet vta. cinch up s.o. loosely. N-ho'tonvhtto. I cinched him (esp. horse) up loosely.
Antonym: -he'konhtet. See: -hhthtet.
ho'tov- i. loose; shaky. N-ho'tovna. I loosened it by hand. -h'tov vii. die (of fire); fire go out, fire die. -h'tva. It went out. See: -atov. Etymology: *a:tawe:wi. h'tov- i. extinguish; douse. -ho'tovahe vai. shaky, weak. -ho'tovahe. He is shaky/he is weak. -h'tovhen vai. fight fire, firefight, extinguish fire, put out fire. -h'tovhne. He's firefighting.
H'tovhnstse! Put out the fire!
h'tovhenhe na. fireman, firefighter.Literally: extinguish.fire-one. Synonym: no'tovhenhe. h'tovhenmh'o ni. fire station.Literally: extinguish fire house. Usage: neologism. -h'tov' vti. extinguish s.t. by foot. -h'tov'a. He extinguished it (a fire) by foot. H'tov'htse!
Step on it to put it out!
-h'tov'o'ts
vti. extinguish s.t. right away. -h'tov''tse. He extinguished it right away. H'tov''tsstse! Extinguish it right away! See: -no'tov'o'ts. vta. loosen s.o. -ho'tovanho. He loosened him. See: -h'tovn.
-ho'tovan vti. loosen s.t. -h'tovn vti. extinguish s.t.; extinguish s.o. The object extinguished can be a fire, lamp, or electric
light. -h'tovna. He turned it (for example, light) off/he extinguished it. H'tovnhtse! Turn it (esp. a light) off! for example, to extinguish a cigarette (animate). H'tovneha! Extinguish him (esp. a cigarette)! See: -h'tovnahn; -vho'ksena; -no'tovvht; -ho'tovan loosen s.t./s.o..
-h'tovnahn vai. extinguish fire, turn off lights. -h'tovnhne. He extinguished the fire; he turned
off the lights. See: -h'tovn.
-h'tovoesthta vti. blow out s.t., extinguish s.t. by blowing. for instance, to blow out a candle. h'tovoestht. He blew it out. H'tovoesththtse! Blow it out! fti: -ht.
-h'tovotse vii. die (of fire, cigarette, etc.), lights go out. See: -atov. -h'tovotse. It (for example,
light; cigarette) went out.
-h'tovvht
vti. Final: -ht.extinguish s.t. by blowing. See: -no'tovvht. -h'tovvhta. He extinguished it (by blowing; for example, blowing out a candle). H'tovvhthtse! Blow it out (for example, candle)!
-ho'tovvoovotse vii. loosened by water. -ho'tovvoovotse. It was loosened by water. for example,
of a fence post loosened by flood water.
-h'tovvoovxeven
douse s.o. with water; extinguish s.o. nev'sesto h'=hma h'tovvoovxeven'e Maybe somebody doused him with water (fig. =he had been "on fire"). He has weak thinking (maybe something is wrong with his mind).
ho'tove- pv. loose, shaky, slack. -ho'toveotse. It is shaky (for example, fence post). -ho'toveoo'hetno. -ho'tovems
vai. weak hand. -ho'tovemse. He has weak hands. BodyPartMedial: -s; Antonym: he'konems.
-ho'tove'e vii. be loose, stick out loose. -ho'tove'e. (The tooth) is loose. vii: -. -ho'toveotse vii. vai. weak; shaky, loose, slack. This could be said of a person that is weak or a shaky
fence post. -ho'toveotse. It (or he) is weak. Antonym: -he'koneotse. See: -ho'tovan.
-ho'tovsth vai. weak hearted. for instance, this can refer to having heart trouble if someone tells
such a person bad news. -ho'tovstha. He has a weak heart.
-ho'tovetan vai. feels weak. -ho'tovetno. He feels weak.
-ho'ts vti. have s.t. (in possession). -h'tse. He has it. fti: -o'ts; vta: -ho'h. See: -'en; he-; -htsehtse.
Etymology: *a'ta:wa.
-ho'tseov vta. have (something) for s.o., keep (something) for s.o. -ho'tseovho. He has (or is keeping)
it for him. See: -ho'tov; -ho'ts; -ho'h.
ho'tke ni. sinew (before de-stranding). ho'tno is a single strand of sinew. Simplified Spelling: hochk.
See: ho'tanono thread; -hto'tkeme sinew (poss.). Etymology: cf. M a'taeh 'sinew'.
h'x- i. accustomed to, used to. -h'xahe vai. accustomed to, used to. -h'xahe He is friendly/he is acquainted with/he is accustomed
to. tshhe mh'xhehevhe They were used to (life) here (1987:39). vta: -h'xeeh.
-h'xa'ov vta. break in s.o. See: -h'xeeh. -h'xa'ovho. He broke him (esp. a horse) in. -h'xa'ovo'hme
horse(s).
vai. break in horse(s). See: -h'xo'eeto'ham. -h'xa'ovo'hme. He broke in a
-h'xan vta. spoil s.o. esp. refers to holding a baby so much that it wants to be held all the time. h'xanho. He spoiled him. -h'xane. He is spoiled.
-h'xtam vta. used to s.o., accustomed to s.o. This is not as strong an emotion as -mht 'love'. It can
be used of the feeling a dependent child has for its mother, a feeling that sometimes makes it difficult for that child to be away from its mother. This word can refer to the feeling someone has for a friend or acquaintance. -h'xatamho. He is accustomed to him. See: h'xe-; phvtam; -mht.
-h'xatamots'tov vta. become accustomed to s.o. the morphological layering, first a TA stem, then
the final -otse (which detransitivizes), then the abstract TA final -'tov. nhhe nho'hto nh'xatamots'tvo There I came to her. I got used to her. (1987:174).
-h'xtsest vti. accustomed to s.t. -h'xtssta He is accustomed to it. -h'xatsstahe vai. accustomed to, used to. hp'e ohk-h'xatsstheo'o in turn they will like you
(1987:226). vta: -h'xatam.
h'xe- pv. accustomed to, used to. -h'xeamehtse. He is used to walking. N-h'xenheve. I practiced
saying it. vai: -h'xahe; Initial: h'x-. See: h-; h'xatam-.
-h'xan vai. accustomed to hunger. -h'xna. He's used to being hungry. fai: -an. -h'xeeh vta. train s.o. The one trained can be a person or an animal such as a horse. -h'xeehho. He
trained him. hvsv-h'xeehho. He trained him badly. (This is a new way of using this word, to speak of inadequate childraising.). N-h'xeehoo'o. I trained them.
Mxho'n=ta'se=ta'se=hne'enomvhtse tsme'tato'senhe-h'xeeese hne hne'enovhesttse They didn't quite know he was going to get that education. [1987:143] -h'xeehe. He was trained. Synonym: -h'xeet. vai: -h'xahe.
-h'xeehahts
vti. practice s.t. -h'xeehhtse. estsestottse! Let's practice (saying) words! Synonym: -h'xeeh.
He practiced it.
Nst-h'xeehahtsnonstse
-h'xeet vta. train s.o., break in s.o. (as of a horse). -h'xeetho mo'hno'hme. He broke in the horse. -ho'xe'e vai. eat along with food. for example, use of pickles, catsup, mustard along with other food;
can be used of spreading lard on bread as a substitute for butter. -ho'xe'e. He's eating something with his food.
ho'x'sttse na. condiment.Pl: ho'x'stoto. -ho'xem vta. threaten s.o. the threat will probably be carried out. -ho'xemho. He threatened him.
v-ho'xemho. She threatened him back (for example, with revenge). See: -ho'xsetanev.
-h'xeotse vai. become accustomed to; get used to. -h'xeotse He became accustomed (to something).
See: -hoxeotse.
h'xsme na. netted hoop. refers to the sapling hoop with netted (webbed) rawhide strips; the object
of the game is to throw a stick through the hoop as close to the center of the hoop as possible. See: xhono; hhtsme.
-h'xseohts vai. join. naa nho'ehe m'vhsevs-h'xseohtshhe and my father joined the scouts
(for the U.S. Army) (1987:44). naa nhe'e 1947 nnx-h'xsehtse e'estahemano'hstva and then in 1947 I joined the Mennonite Church (1987:116).
-h'xseohts'tov vta. join walk with s.o. N-h'xseohts'tvo. I have joined my walk with him / I
belong to him.
-h'xseotse vai. vii. join; belong; become a member of; fit with. -h'xseotse He belongs to/he is a
part of (for example, he has become a member of a certain religious group)/it (for example, a certain word) belongs. Nmhae-h'xseotse oxse havsvemnva you used to be on the bad (sinful) road (of life). tsst-h'xseotse the junction (esp. the Busby Y).
-h'xseots'tov vta. fit, belong with s.o. See: -ta'ov. (mtaho) nsa-h'xseots'toehne (peyote) does
not fit with us (1987:12).
-ho'xsetanev vai. threaten. -ho'xsetanva He threatened. vta: -ho'xem. See: -tanev. -h'xes vii. belong; apply; fit. See: -taeotse. -h'xso It (for example, word) fits. [1987:239] ho'xes(t)- i. belong. -ho'xstahe
vai. belong; be a member. N-ho'xstahe. I belong; I am a member. N-ho'xstahe E'oestahstva. I belong to the Mennonites (or, Christian group). Ma'ev'h'e tsohkhesthese mx=nh=h'xsthehhe. Germans, as they are called, (Petter) belonged (to
them). [1987:142]
-ho'xsta'hahts vti. fit in by throwing. Ntav'n-h'xsta'hhtse I'm gonna throw it in (for example,
something added to a conversation).Literally: belong-throw.
-ho'xstan vti. add, annex, join, include s.t./s.o. that is, cause to belong. See: hna'ove-; -no'an. h'xstna. He added (or annexed) it. V'h'e hov'he hahpe'e mx-h'xstanhenovhe. White
people add on a lot of stuff (for example, say more about an artifact than what was known about it originally). vta. -h'xstanho. He added him. mhtn-h'xstanantse if we can be included somehow.
ho'xstanenesttse ni. addition. Usage: neologism for addition in schoolwork arithmetic. -ho'xstan vai. want to join; want to belong. -ho'xstno. He wants to join (or belong). Antonym: oxsetan.
-ho'xsttam vta. regard s.o. of joining. -ho'xsttamho. He considers him worthy of joining. h'xstha ni. corn balls. a traditional food. See: h'xstoo'o. h'xst'o ni. corn pemmican. See: h'xstoha. corn is parched; ground; sweetened; and made into
balls.
-ho'xstsehn vai. join. -ho'xstshne E'oestahe-mano'hstva He joined the Christian fellowship

(that is, became a member of the Christian church).
-ho'xstshntan vai. want to join. -ho'xstshntno He wants to be admitted. -h'xstne vai. used to reading. -h'xstne. He's used to reading. -h'xhne vai. used to signing. -h'xhne. He's used to signing. fai: -ohon. ho'x'- i. press against. -ho'x'a'ov
vta. push s.o. against (something); corner s.o. -ho'x'a'ovho. He pushed him against (something). See: -stavaooha'ov. vta. -ho'x'anho. He pressed against him.
-ho'x'an vti. hold s.t./s.o. close, press against s.t./s.o. -ho'x'na. He pressed against it. ho'x'e p. near the wall. See: n'se. -ho'x''tov vta. sit close against s.o. N-ho'x''tvo. I sat close against him. -h'xo'eeto'ham vai. break in horse(s) (for a team). N-h'xo'eeto'hme. I broke horses in for a team.
See: -h'xa'ovo'ham.
-ho'x'e'e vai. stand against. -ho'x'e'e. He's standing against (something). for example, leaning
against the wall of his house.
-ho'x'e vai. lie against. esp. lie near a tepee wall. -ho'x'e. He is lying against. (for example, the
wall). T-ho'x'estse! Move over towards the wall! See: ho'x'e.
Ho'x'mhove'ho'no ni. Sheridan, Wyoming.Literally: against(.mountains)-city. See: mhove'ho'no. -ho'x'o't vii. close against. -ho'x''ta. It's close up against. -ho'x'o'ts vti. put s.t. against. N-ho'x'o'tsentse. I put them (inanimate) up against (something). -ho'x'oo'e vai. sit against. -ho'x'oo'e. He's sitting up against (something). See: -h'homoo'e. -ho'x'ov vta. place s.o. against; push s.o. to the edge. M'hkhe'kon-ho'x'oehehevhe. They would
tie (the dead) securely to (the scaffold). (1987:266). See: -ho'x'a'ov.
-h'xnov vai. used to talking. -h'xnva. He's used to talking. -h'xoo'e vai. used to riding. -h'xoo'e. He's used to riding.Literally: accustomed-sit. fai: -oe. -h'xotse'ohe vai. accustomed to work. -h'xotse'ohe. He's used to working. See: -hotse'ohe. hm- i. down from, disembark. -hmna He 'dropped it off' (for example, at work). N-hma'hama
mo'hno'ha The horse threw me. Preverb: hme-.
-hom vai. sense. something like a "fifth sense", for example, to sense that someone is arriving, or to
sense that someone else is present is a room. animals, as well as humans, can do this. -hma. He sensed (for example, that someone was coming). sa-homhe. He was unaware. vta: homots'tov. See: -homotse.
hma'e
na. 1 beaver.Pl: hom'e. AltPl = hom'eo'o AltPl = hom'ne Obviative: hom'e; Diminutive: homa'kso, Hma'ke. Etymology: *ame0kwa beaver; *ame0kooki beavers. "iah" abbreviates Impermanent Antepenultimate High. Hma'e is one of several Cheyenne words which takes an unexpected high pitch on the antepenultimate (third from end) syllable usually on the singular form of a noun or verb. This impermanent high pitch disappears in other constructions involving the word stem in question. Note that the pitch contour of this plural is hom'e, phonemically /homa'/, with no high pitch heard on the antepenult, as it is in the singular. Some other forms with IAH are: htame 'dog'; -tamno'e 'environment (II final)'; hna'e 'goose'; ma'hhko'e 'badger'; onha'e 'frog'; savneke 'woodchuck'; hsta'se 'snow'; he'ke 'dirt'; -n'ka'e 'be one in number (II)'; hko'e 'leech'; hta'e 'gland'; hexva'e 'bedbug'; h'nehe 'wolf'; hema 'blanket'; hema 'mosquito'; koohkva'e 'quail'; mheme 'kernel of corn'; m-hteme 'louse'; m'ome 'ice'; m'xeme 'apple'; m'e'e 'blade of grass'; mo'khta'e 'Indian turnip'; mo'na'e 'be beautiful (II)'; mneke 'bean'; -n'ta'e 'be important (II)'; nma'ne 'fish (sg)'; nonma'e 'thunder'; 'he'e 'river'. 2 Beaver (constellation). the name of a constellation which appears at the beginning of Spring
(1987:207) and disappears in the Fall. There are seven stars: four in the shape of a diamond and three in a vertical line (forming the Beaver's tail) some distance away from the diamond.
Hma'e ohkhevone mhkevam'hoehhe tshe'xvva hto'semats'omvee'stse ts'xvev'evam'hoevse n=hothkeo'o. N=hothkeo'o ohkenveo'o naa hovehno tevo'h'se ohkena'nosne hothkeo'o ta'se nshtxeo'o n=tsnhesthese hestsevoxe ohkhestohe mto. The Beaver (constellation), they say, shows up at this time at the beginning
of Spring when they appear. There's four stars and some distance away there's three (more) stars hanging, like there's seven of them that they talk about; it is also called "His Den" (constellation). (1987:207). Hma'e eva-m'hoo'e. The Beaver (constellation) has swum into view (in the Spring). The following warning would be given to people, cautioning them to be alert to the dangers of winter blizzards: H'e nstav'ho'htsme. tata'hoo'e Hma'e. ohkenonehtse ma'taamhemhonstove. Don't go far from the camp. The Beaver (constellation) has swum out of sight (in the Fall). Go in pairs when you go hunting. A funny incident occurred many years ago when a Cheyenne man (OR) told a Cheyenne-speaking missionary (AH) that the Beaver had been spotted, indicating that Spring had arrived. Cheyennes enjoy telling this episode because it shows the miscommunication that occurred, the missionary thinking that the Cheyenne was referring to an animal beaver in the Spring swollen creek nearby. Here is how their conversation went: OR: Hma'e evam'hoo'e. AH: Hehe'e, naa tsetaonhxemmstne. OR: The Beaver has "swum" into view. AH: Yes, and he might drown. See: Hestsevoxe His Den; -mahee.
Hma'e Nstoohe na. Whistling Beaver.Variant: Hma'e hnstooestse. Homa'e hma'heonevste vai. Sacred Beaver. See: Hma'e hnstooestse. Hma'e hm'hnstse vai. Beaver Appears. probably refers to the Beaver constellation; origin of
English personal name Beaver.
Hma'e hmo'htvaestse vai. Black Beaver. Hma'e hnstooestse

Nstoohe. vai. Whistling Beaver. See: Hma'e hma'henevste.Variant: Hma'e
Hma'e hv'komaestse vai. White Beaver. Homa'hsta na. Beaver Heart. origin of Cheyenne family name Hart. Homa'o'h'e ni. Beaver River. two rivers: one is near the north fork of the Canadian River in Okla.
and the other is in Kansas.
-homa'stsh
vta. attract attention of s.o., arouse s.o. N-homa'stshoo'o oekseho. The dogs are barking at you (lit. you're arousing the dogs). -homa'stseho. He attracted the attention of him. n-homa'stsho I aroused him (for example, he was sad and I tried to make him happy). homhe'stseha! Distract him (for example, a baby)! vta. throw s.o. down from off of. -hma'hamho. He threw him off. N-hma'hama mo'hno'ha. The horse threw me. na. Little Beaver. Notes (Phonology) iahVariant: Hma'te (traditional male speech). Nondiminutive: hma'e.
-hma'ham Hma'ke
homa'kso na. little beaver. Non-diminutive: hma'e. -hma' vai. dismount quickly; get off quickly. -hm'o. He quickly dismounted. See: -hmevonehn. Homa'esta'e na. (woman's name). Hma'hma'haeta na. Big Beaver. Hma'hm'hnstse vai. Beaver Appears. Hma'hts'hhtse vta. Afraid of Beavers. Stacy Wolfchief's name. -hma''h vta. drop off s.o. v-hma''ho. He dropped him off. -hom't vti. sense s.t., feel s.t. -hom'ta He senses it. vai: -hom. See: -hne'en; -men. -hom'tov vta. sense s.o., feel s.o. -hom'tovho. He sensed him (his presence). (For example, one
could sense the presence of someone not seen in the dark, or the departed spirit of somone who has recently died). vai: -hom. -hom'tohe "they felt the presence of his (departed) spirit" (lit. he was sensed). vai: -hom.
-hma'xe vai. disembark, get off. See: -ha'xe. -hma'xe He got down from off of (for example, off a
horse or car).
hom'xe-
pv. because. See: hse-; v'-. tsx-hom'xenhtvanmo just because I knew how to do it. Nmto tsx-hom'xemhoto I gave it to her because I love her. Naa nnehove ntshstahe, oha nohkhne'entan'ta tshsenstsesttse tsx-hom'xe'ovetshsenststo. but for myself, I am
a Cheyenne, I always want to know Cheyenne because that's the first language I knew (1987:379). tsx-hom'xeametannto nstseametanne hp'e nnxheta "Because I live you shall live also," he told me. (Hymn 96).
-hman vti. take off s.o., drop off s.t./s.o. See: -nan. -hmna. He 'dropped it off.' (for example, at
work).
vta. -hmanho. He 'dropped him off' ; he let him off (for example, off from his car).
-homotse
vai. sense; become conscious of; notice; feel. See: -hom; -men; -phvomotse. homotse. He sensed (something).
-homots't vti. notice; detect; be aware of; sense; feel s.t. -homots'ta He noticed it. [1987:277] -homots'tov vta. notice; sense; detect; be aware of; feel s.o. -homots'tovho He became aware of
his presence.
hme- pv. Initial: hm-.down from off of, disembark. -hmeka'a'xe He jumped off. t-hmevonhnstse
Get off (for example, off a horse)!
homen'e na. elm. translation is uncertain; said to be "some kind of tall and skinny tree". Medial: -'(e).
AltPl = homeno'eho ??Pl: homen'eo'o.
hmso p. it would (or could) happen. See: me'-; onhxe-.
hmest- i. escape. -hmest vai. escape, flee. -hmsta. He escaped. See: -ho'mest. Hmsthnh'e na. Escaped Woman. -hmstov
vta. flee from s.o., escape from s.o.; elude s.o. V'keme hestse'emo mne'vhshmstoehevhe; mvhsho'ooh'tovhevhe. Old Man Winter's wife must have taken off on
him again; he's taking her back home (north) again. (Idiom said when there is a spring snowstorm or squalls). Ns'-hmstoo'e. It is still eluding me. (idiom = 'I can't think of it'). See: -homstov; -ameohov; -aseohovohe.
-hmevonehn
vai. get off from something that is moving, such as a horse, car, or wagon. hmevonhne. He dismounted. Hmevonhnstse! Get off! Antonym: -e'evonehn. See: anhevonehn; -hma'. vai. get off quickly, disembark quickly. for example, from a wagon or horse. hmevoneohe. He got off. Nhe'e ts'the mstxae-hmevonehehevhe. Then these (girls) got
-hmevoneohe
off (their horses). [1987:288]
-hmose vai. almost sunset. ta-hmose. It's almost sunset. See: -hosen; -ta'ehn. homhe- i. noisy; chaotic; lively. -homheotse vii. vai. become active; become chaotic; excited; come to life. -homheotse. He came to
life (got new energy). hma'x-homheotssesto ntxv'h'e. The soldiers became excited.
[1987:22]
-homhst vai. noisy. -homhsta. He is noisy. Final: -st. See: -pe'pe'sta. -homhtan vai. excited. -homhtno. He is excited. -homhetsesta vai. lively. -homhetsesta. He is lively. -homhvone vii. noisy. -homhvone. It sounds noisy. evaas-homhvone. It is starting to get
noisy again. fii: -vone.
homht- i. show feelings. See: homse-; homs-. -homhtahe vai. show feelings. -homhtahe. He showed his feelings. sa-homhthhe. He didn't
notice (it)/he hid his feelings. vta: -homseh.
-homhtan vta. cause s.o. to feel. for example, when a doctor presses more and more firmly on a place
on a patient until the patient can feel the pressure; or when someone is finally irked by someone else. -homhtanho. He caused him to feel (something). See: -homsem.
hmhtne
p. unintentional. for example, something that happened or that was said that was unintentional and uncontrollable, and a person gets mad about it even though it was unintentional or not intended to get him mad. Hmhtne v'emomta'eotse. He got angry at something that was done unintentionally. vta. cook for s.o. See: -homhtov. xxaevnomevove-homhtooh'toevsesto mhtamhaheho The old lady cooked for them first. [JOURNEY.TXT]
-homhtooh'tov
-homhttsest vti. bothered by s.t., offended by s.t., resent s.t. See: -vntssta. -homhttssta. He
is bothered by it. sa-homhttssthe. He ignored it/hedidn't let it bother him.
-hmhtaxe vai. digest lying down. -hmhtxe. He has laid down to digest his food. -homhtn
vai. get thirsty. N-homhtne I got thirsty. sa-homhtoenheo'o They did not get thirsty (for example, during a certain period of time; otherwise, this would sound odd since everyone gets thirsty in the normal course of events). See: -hn; -hom'an. momhtona'h; -ha'h.
-homhtona'h vii. breezy. not as strong air movement as -ha'h. -homhtn'ha. It's breezy. See: -homhtose vai. chilled finally, cold finally. N-homhtose. The cold finally got to me. fai: -ose. See: hom'oestose; -n'tose.
-homhtov vta. cook for s.o. -homhtovho. She cooked for him. Nohkemo-homhtne. She cooks
breakfast for us. vai: -homos. See: -homhtooh'tov; -ah'eov.
-hom'an
vai. become hungry, get hungry. See: -hean; -homhtn. N-hom'na. I'm getting
hungry.
-hom'oestose vai. chilled; cold. more emphatic than -homhtose. N-hom'oestose. I'm really getting
cold. Final: -ose; Medial: -oest.
hom'htse
p. see what happened!; for example. See: ta'se. Usage: subdialectal variant of ham'htse.Variant: ham'htse.
homs- i. show feelings. -homsemho. He provoked him/touched his "sore spot"/touched his funny
bone. See: homht-.
homse- i. show feelings. homse-tno. He is expecting something to happen.Variant: homht-. -homos vai. cook. -homse. He is cooking. In this entry we give the pattern (paradigm) for Cheyenne
verbs (animate intransitive) which are in the conjunct (subordinate) order. tsxhomsto when I cooked. tsxhomseto when you cooked. tsxhomosse when he (or she) cooked. tsxhomstse when we cooked. tsxhomsse when you (plural) cooked. tsxhomsvse when they cooked. tsxhomotsse when he/they (obv) cooked. See: -ah'en; -ho'he; -ho't; -ho'oohe.
-homseh
vta. cause s.o.'s feelings to come out. for example, to make s.o. laugh or caught their attention. -homshho. He caused his feelings to come out. vai: -homhtahe; intensive: homseh. See: -homsem.
homsho'sta ni. cook stove. -homsem vta. touch (emotionally) s.o., provoke s.o. refers to evoking an emotion from s.o. through
what is said to them; this can be when a person's "sore spot" is touched through something negative said, or it can be when their "funny bone" is touched by something humorous. See: homseh. -homsemho. He provoked him/touched his "sore spot"/touched his funny bone. Final: -em.
homsmh'o ni. kitchen; cafeteria.Literally: cooking-house. Variant: ts'hk-homsstove. -homsn vai. show feelings in face. -homsne. His face shows his feelings. sa-homsnhe. His
face doesn't show feeling.
Homso'h'e ni. Cook Creek. homsesttse ni. hot plate.Literally: cooking thing. Usage: neologism. -homse vai. lie feeling pain. -homse. He's lying feeling pain. Assimilated: -homee. -homstan vai. want to cook. -homstno. She wants to cook. -homsetan vai. expecting something to happen. -homsetno. He's expecting something to happen.
Initial: homse-.
-homsetsstov vta. provoke s.o. -homsetsstovho. He provoked him (by word or action/he had a
sharp tongue towards him. See: -homsem.
homsve'ho'a'e na. cook (female). homsve'ho'e na. cook (male).Literally: cooking-ve'ho'e. -homsve'ho'vsan
vai. cook's clothing, wear cook's clothing. -homsve'ho'vsne. He's wearing a cook's uniform. fai: -san2.
homsvetohko ni. cooking pot. See: homsvetoo'o. homsvetoo'o ni. cooking pot. See: homsvetohko. -home vai. lie feeling pain. that is, he's lying there and his pain has gotten to him, he can feel it
now. -home. He can feel the pain. Non-assimilated: -homsee.
homotoo'o ni. food in a pot. Food that is cooked and in a pot, for example, stew. Focus seems to be on
the food in the pot, not the pot itself.Pl: homotontse. The plural refers to pots of food.
-hna'an vti. vta. add on s.t./s.o. -hna'annvo. They added it on. -hna'ests vti. add on s.t., connect s.t. colloquially used to speak of adding on a story to the end of
another story; traditionally used for continued episodes of storytelling. -hna'stse. He connected it. Hohkse nvhe tsvh-hona'stsstse? Who would add (anything) on to (such
a) story?! (that is, no one would want to make it any longer) (1980:60:163). See: mmhevoests; -hotona'n; hotona'-; -too'ests.
-hna'ht vti. add to s.t. by mouth. -hna'hta He added on to it by mouth. -hna'o't vii. be connected. See: hotna'eonaesttse. -hna''ta It is connected. tsx-hona''ta joint
(esp. of bones).
-hna'on vti. vta. connect s.t./s.o. 'v-hna'onomvnse hestse'ko. He put his bone back together.
(1987:109).
hna'(ov)- i. add. -hna'ovan vti. connect s.t. -hna'ovna. He connected it. See: -hna'ests; .
vta. connect s.o.
hna'ove- pv. additional, next, assistant. -hna'ovhestotse He was born next. -hna'ovevhoneve.
He's second in command; he's the assistant boss. Hse-hna'ov-ho'hhtsstse! Put more wood on the fire! -hna'ovemanstsnvo hemhenvo. They added on to their house. Reduplicated: htona'ove-. See: hehpe-; hse-; mato; h'xe-.
hna'ovhohtvamh'o ni. secondhand store.Variant: hna'ovhtvamh'o. hna'ove-me'ko na. vice-chairman.Literally: added-head. hna'ove-mo'ko
na. ring finger, fourth finger.Literally: additional-finger. Variant: hna'ovese. Usage: may be neologism or loan translation from Petter.
-hna'ovest vti. add on to s.t. in speaking (that is, say more). -hna'ovsta He added on to it by
speaking (that is, said something more).
hna'oveto p. next. Preverb: hna'ove-. -hna'ovevhonaov vta. make s.o. second-in-command. N-hna'ovevhonavo. I made him secondin-command.
-hna'ovevhoneve vai. assistant boss. for example, lieutenant governor, school principal (when there
is a superintendent). -hna'ovevhoneve. He's the assistant boxx, vice-chairman, principal, etc.
-hna'ovoem vta. value s.o. as additional; second-in-line. See: -vhonoem; -vovoem. -hna'ovoeme It
(or he) is second-in-line valued; he is the second officer. ts-hna'ovoemstse vice-chairman (lit. the one who is added on; or next-in-line).
hna'oveseonmh'o ni. mobile home, trailer.Literally: add.tied.together(?)-house. -hna'ovoests vti. add on s.t. -hna'ovostse. He added it on. hna'ovhtva-mh'o ni. secondhand store. See: hna'ovhohtva-mh'o. -hna'ovxe'ohe vii. be next letter. -hna'ovxe'ohe. It is the next letter/it is next written. honti. subside; diminish. -hont'ha. The wind is dying down. -hontoo'kho. The rain is subsiding.
-honta'h vii. wind subside. -hont'ha. The wind is dying down. Initial: hont-; fii: -a'h. -hontoo'koh vii. rain subside. -hontoo'kho. The rain is subsiding. -hnee vai. piled. -hneeo'o. They are piled. for example, a pile of beans or rocks. vii: -hne't. -honeh vta. lose s.o. from off of, accidentally drop s.o. from off of something. for example, from off a
horse or wagon. N-hinho. I accidentally dropped him (from off of). vti: -honests.
hn(')- i. pile. -hone'

vti. 1 be clothed with s.t.; wear s.t. -hon'a. He is wearing it. -hone'antse tshshone'ontse. He is wearing Cheyenne clothes. hsstoo'o ts-hone'mo the story that I am filled with (lit., wearing). [1987:101] vta: -hone'ov. See: -hone''tov; he- have. 2 fig., be saturated with; filled with s.t. -hon'a v'ho'mahpe. He is clothed with liquor (= he
smells much of liquor; he is drunk).
-hne'h vta. pile, stack s.o. -hn'hho. He stacked them. -hn'hho ho'honaa'o. He piled up rocks.
N-hne'hoo'o hohtsemono. I piled the balls. vii: -hne'ta; vti: -hne'ts; vai: -hne'san.
hone'kmo
na. button. Possessive: -htone'kmo.Variant: hone'mo. Obviative: hone'komono. See: hone'oo'o.
Pl: hone'komono.
-hne' vai. vii. grow (of vegetation); sprout. -hn'o. It (or he) grew. See: -phvne'; -ee'e. -hone''seh vta. clothe s.o. N-hone''seha. He clothed him. Usage: not used as commonly as -'sann. -hone''tov vta. clothed with s.o., wear s.o. -hone''tovho He is clothed with him. See: -hone'ov. -hone'naov vta. clothe s.o. -hone'naovho. He clothed him.Variant: -hone'ona'ov. The following
two words are close in sound and Cheyenne enjoy pointing it out. It's funny. Hone'onvstse! Clothe me! Hneon'ovstse! Put all my bones in one place! See: -hneon'ov; -hneon'ov.
hone'oo'o ni. na. piece of clothing, clothing piece. Usage: not commonly used as singular. the pl. refers
to pieces of clothing. inan. for some speakers, but an. for others. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: hone'ono. Pl: hone'ontse. See: hone'kmo button; -htone'oo'o piece of clothing (poss.).
-hone'ona'ov vta. clothe s.o. -hone'ona'ovho He clothed him.Variant: -hone'naov. hone'on-ve'ho'seo'o

ni. suitcase. Usage: neologism; not common; more commonly used: v'ho'seo'o, ho'seo'o.Literally: clothes-container.
hone'ontse ts'hkhoseme vii. clothes closet.Literally: clothes where.hung. hone'ontse ts'hkhxe'ane vii. cleaners.Literally: clothes where.cleaned. See: -hxe'an. -hone'ov vta. 1 wear s.o. -hone'ovho. He is wearing him (for example, a shirt, animate). vti: -hone'.
See: -hone''tov. 2 wear s.o. spiritually. -hone'ovho ma'henemhta'somaho. He's got the Holy Spirit. Usage: fig.. can be used figuratively of wearing (having) a spiritual being such as the Holy
Spirit or a demon.
-hne'san vai. pile, stack. -hn'sne. He piled (up things). -hn'ta vii. piled, stacked. -hn'ta. It is piled. ma'x-hn'ta. It (for example, sandpile or gravel) is
high.
Mo''stse -hn'tnstse. The hay is piled up. Mhaementse hma'xhne'tatsensesttse he'ntne. Corn was piled up high at the door. (attrib.). [1980:67:12] vti: hne'ts; vta: -hne'h. See: -totovo't. Etymology: cf. F a:kwaso-.
-hne'ts vti. pile s.t.; stack s.t. -hn'tse. He stacked it. vta: -hne'h; vii: -hne't. See: -totovo'ts; hnests.
-hneoneotse vai. become a pile. -hneoneotse He fell in an awkward position/'his bones went all
over'.
-hneon'ov vta. pile bones of s.o. -hneon'ovho. He put his bones in one place (for example, a
pile). See: -hone'naov.
-hneonxe vai. bones lie in a pile. -hneonxe. His bones were in a heap. Hneonxe na. Loosebones. -honests vti. lose s.t. from off of, accidentally drop s.t. from off of. am-honstse. He accidentally
dropped it as he was going along. For example, he lost garbage from the back of his pickup as he was driving along. See: -vona''ts; -hnests. vta: -honeh.
-hnests vti. unable to lift s.t. because it is too heavy. -hnstse. He is unable to lift it because it is
too heavy. See: -honests.
Honk'e na. (woman's name). -hntsst vai. lazy. -hntssta He is lazy. ohk-hnetssthtove mats'omva. There is laziness in
the springtime. intensive: -hntssta.
-hnetsstho'he vai. lazy because hot. N-hnetsstho'he I'm lazy because I'm so hot (from the heat). -hnetssthomse vai. lazy to cook. N-hnetssthomse. I'm lazy to cook. See: -homos. -hnevaa'no'hme vai. drive into the country. -hnevaa'no'hme. He drove into the country. fai: a'no'ham.
-hneva'haso'he vai. ride out in the country on horseback. -hneva'haso'he. He's riding out in the
country on horseback.
-hnvohts vai. go to the country, head for the hills. go into the country, not as going out of a house.
-hnvhtse. He headed for the hills. [cf. Stamper 1991:10] Notes (Phonology) hle ? See: onveto; o'eto; thto'e; -hehn.
-hnevatan vai. try to survive, have survival skill. -hnvtno. He has survival skill. Hnvtno!
Try to survive!
hnevato p. out to the hills, out on the prairie. See: onveto; hohose; thto'e. -hnevavemohe vai. run to the hill. -hnevavemohe. He's running toward the hills. fai: -mohe. -hnevavo'ase vii. fire go up hill. -hnevavo'se. The fire is going up the hill. -hnevv'ehn vai. go by wagon to the country. -hnevv'hne. He went out into the country by
wagon.
-hnev'a'xe vai. drift (of snow). See: -hne't. (Hsta'se) -hnev'ax'e. (The snow) drifted. honhkone na. quilt; 'boards for flooring'. Usage: archaic.Pl: honhkoneo'o. See: hono'ko. -honht vti. bake; roast; fry s.t. -honhta ho'vohktse He's roasting/frying meat. vta: -hont. -honhtomev vta. bake; roast (s.t.) for s.o. -honhtomevho He baked it for him. N-honhtomoo'e
She baked it for you (sg). N-honhtomoentse She baked them (inan.) for you (sg). Nhonhtomoenoto She baked him for you (sg). N-honhtomevtse I baked it for you (sg).
hono'ke ni. tip of tepee pole. hono'ko

na. quilt; bedding. txenoto hon'kono. She's sewing a border on a quilt(s). Possessive: htono'ko.Pl: hon'kono. Obviative: hon'kono. Etymology: *ana:xkani mat, rug. See: honhkone; hono'ke; hono'o; mhenhono'ko; tnovhono'ko.
hono'o ni. floor. See: hono'ko. -hon'oneve It is a floor.Pl: hon'ontse. hno'xe- pv. most, more. See: nno'se-; hehpe-; hohame-. -hno'xhvsvna. He made it worse. Nhno'xemto I gave him most of it. N-hno'xho'tsentse mentse you have more berries (than I). hno'x-hahpe'e the greater portion; most of it (1987:144).
hno'xesto
p. most (of them). Hno'xesto nohkenhet'e, nohkevh'e nhkheo'mxe'eha nohkhet'e. Most of them call me, they call me by name, Bearsole, they call me. [1987:114]
-honn vai. bake, roast. -honne. She baked. See: honoo'o; vetkvhonoo'o; -hoohe. honnesttse
ni. baking See: honnevetohko.
pan;
roasting
pan;
oven.Literally: bake-NOM.
Pl: honnstottse.
honnevetohko ni. bread pan; frying pan; baking pan. See: honnesttse; hetohko. honono ni. ankle.Pl: hononontse. See: -htonono. honoo'o
ni. roast; barbecue; anything baked.Pl: honontse. See: -honn; homotoo'o. Etymology: cf. *apwa:na 'roast of corn bread (anim.)'; apwa:ni 'roast of meat (inan.)'. Notes (Phonology) vs
-honsan vai. accidentally drop things. am-honsne. He's going along accidentally dropping things.
for example, dropping/losing garbage off the back of his pickup as he's driving along.
-hont
vta. roast, bake, fry s.o. -honoto. He roasted him. -hontho. He roasted him. (younger speakers). Etymology: O abwaan- (N). Honxeha! Roast him! vti: -honht.
-honva vai. hang drymeat. -honva. He's hanging drymeat. V'kme -honva. Old Man Winter is
hanging drymeat (fig., it has snowed and snow is hanging on tree branches). See: honvhko; he-stonvhkone.
honvhko ni. drymeat; jerky. Holliman Spelling: ho no vo go. Etymologically, may consist of initial
hon- + /-vohk/, part of the word for 'meat' (/ho'-vohkot/; cf. cognate, Menom. askiiwakan) plus an unknown suffix /-n/; so the literal etymological "meaning" of this Ch. entry may be something like 'roasted-meat'; alternatively, if the segment /-vhk/ has a phonemically highpitched vowel, as would be indicated by the pitch behavior of the following equative verb 'it is drymeat', then the literal meaning might be, instead, something like 'roasted-crooked', perhaps because when the meat dries it typically shrivels and distorts in shape. ?? Pl: honvhkontse. pl.
can refer to strips of drymeat, for example, when hanging up drying. Possessive: -stonvhko. See: -honva.
-honvhkonheve vii. become drymeat. -honvhkonheve. It is drymeat; it became dryment. honvn'e honxease
ni. drymeat drying rack. See: hestonvn'e; honvhko; -htonvn'e. hsvn'e a'e honvn'e Wow! (a cute exclamation). na. meadowlark.Variant: honxeso. Obviative: honxeasho.Variant: henxeso. Pl: honxeaseo'o.
honxeso
na. meadowlark. In their distinctive song, Ch's say meadowlarks sing, "Vtanovo'h'e nnxh'htse," 'I've come from Tongue River', and mock people, calling them "mstaevo'xnhe" 'Boogeyman-nose-person!' They also say, "ntamhenemmne," 'Let's play cards!'. Honxeaseo'o ohkemoho'hevao'o mats'omva. Meadowlarks are heard singing early in the morning in the spring. (1979:205). Nev'esstse mnhoxomaehnothe honxeasho. Someone must have fed you a meadowlark (idiom to tease s.o. about being so talkative). Variant: honxease. Pl: honxeaseo'o. Obviative: honxeasho.Variant: henxeso; honxease.
Hoema'haahe na. Old Man Winter. a name.Variant: Hema'haahe. See: m'hahe. -hoe'e vai. stand looking out. for example, looking out of a doorway. -hoe'e. He's standing
looking out. fai: -. See: -he'e.
-hoohe vai. roast; cook over open fire (or stove). can also refer to cooking directly on stove top, not in
pan; sometimes done for cooking meat. -hoohe. ?? She cooked over an open fire. See: -honn.
hooh'o na. flag. See: oestono. Possessive: -htooh'o.Pl: hooheono. Obviative: hooheono. hoht- i. home. See: ho'-. Preverb: hose-. -hohth'en vai. take food home. -hohth'ne. She's taking food home. See: -hohtanov. -hohta'haso'he vai. ride horse home. -hohta'haso'he. He's riding home on horseback. -hohta'ovo'ham vai. drive livestock (esp. horses) home. -hohta'ovo'hme He drove his horses
home. [1987:171]
-hohtanov vai. take food home. Esp. refers to taking food home from a feast. This is considered
culturally appropriate and is encouraged. Not just leftovers are taken home, but nice platesful of meat and other food. -hohtanva. She took food home. T-hohtanvhtse! Take food home!
-hohtanovot vta. take home s.o. (some anim. food). -hohtanovotho She took him (for example,
melon) home.
-hohte'e vai. go home drunk. t-hohte'e. He went home drunk. -hohto'hotse vai. run home. also used for "running home" in baseball. -hohto'hotse. He ran
home. Neveseo'o hestoha tsho'-hohto'hotsese? Who (plural) had the most runs home? Usage: loan transl. for baseball use. fai: -o'hotse. See: -sto'hotse.
-hoht'ehn vai. go home by wagon; wagon home. -hht'hne. He went home by wagon. -hoht'eohts vai. ride wagon home. -hoht'ehtse. He rode home on a wagon. -hohto'xe vai. go home carrying game on back. See: -o'xe; -ho'o'xe. -hohto'xe He arrived home with
a kill (game) on back.
-hohto'x'tov vta. carry home s.o. on the back. esp. of carrying game, but can be of any burden
carried on the back. -hohto'xnoto. He carried him (for example, deer) home. Nhohto'x'tova. He carried me home.
-hohtoseme vai. flee home. for instance, when the Cheyennes fled back to Montana from Oklahoma.
tshne'v-hohtosemevse when they fled back home. fai: -oseme.
-hohtsem vta. drag home s.o. -hohtsemho. He dragged him home. See: -hestsem2. -hohtotm vta. Final: -otm.carry home s.o. in the mouth. -hohtotomo He carried him home in his
mouth/teeth.
hoohtova- pv. anyway. See: knome-. naa mhn-hoohtovaaseehehevhe but they moved away anyway
(1980:9:8).
-hohtvhto'he vai. haul home something. -hohtvhto'he. He hauled (something) home. See: amvhto'he.
hohtsenhen'e ni. smoke flap pole. This is a pole(s) that holds up the flaps that allow smoke to
exit the tepee. Notes (Phonology) iah ?? For some speakers the sg. is both sg. and pl. AltPl = hohtsenheon'stse Medial: -'(e).Pl: hohtsenheon'e ??. Actions which people do with these poles are: -nhpo'an 'close s.t. (that is, the smoke hole)', -ta'ta'en 'open s.t.'. See: -hatov.
-hohtsenn vti. open s.t. (that is, smoke flap of tepee). -hohtsenna He opened it (smoke flap of
tepee).
hoohtsstse na. 1 tree. (man's voice) This sense of the word is used as superordinate category label,
which would include various specific kinds of trees, for example stt'e, mt'e; the unmarked species is the cottonwood; cottonwood is also referred with the addition of the prototype prenoun xamae-, that is, xamae-hoohtsstse. Etymology: cf. *asa:twiya 'poplar'.Pl: hohtseto. Obviative: hohtseto. Hoohtsstse mhnevse. The tree is worm eaten. 2 cottonwood tree. See: xamaehoohtsstse.
hohtsetsmahpe ni. sap.Literally: tree-water. ho'- i. home. -h'htse. He went home. See: hoht-. -ho'hotse vai. run out. -ho'hotse. He ran out. Mst-ho'hotshhe Ma'k'se. Ma'ko'se ran out
(of the tepee). See: he-.
-hoo'e vai. be at, stay. -hoo'e. He is (here or there)/he sits here/he lives here. sa-hohe. He's not here.
-hoeo'o. They are here. sa-hoheo'o. They are not here. N-hoehe? Are you here? -hostove. There is being at (impersonal verb form). Nto's-hoehe? Are you going to be there? Tsa'e nhoo'e? Where do you live? x-hosesto. It is said they were there. sa-hohesesto. It is said they were not there. x-hohoono. Wow, they were there. (preterit mode). ssa-hohehoono. Wow, they were not there. (preterit mode). Nsa-hohme. We (excl) were not there. Nsahohemanehe? Were we (excl) not there? Nsa-hohema. We (incl) were not there. Nsahohemanehe? Were we (incl) not there? Mn-homne? Do you mean we (incl) were there? Mnsa-hohmne? Do you mean we (incl) were not there? Nsa-hoehehe? Weren't you there? tsx-hoto when I was there. tsssa-hohto when I was not there. tsssa-hoheto when you were not there. tsx-hoo'se where he is. Notes (Phonology) The /e/ of this stem, -hoe, is highpitched when word-medial, for example, -hostove 'there is being at.' some younger speakers say tsa'e nvee'e? (lit. 'Where are you camped?") for 'Where do you live?'. N-hoo'stse! Stay there! / Stay home! Notes (Phonology) vs vti: -ho't. Final: -oe; vii: -ho't. Etymology: *apiwa. See: -nhetoo'e; -ohoo'e; -vee'e; -stoo'e.
-ho'ehe vai. move home. -ho'ehe. He moved home. -ho'sph'ne vai. not quite good at cooking. -ho'sph'ne. She is not quite good at cooking.
fai: -ah'en.
-ho'spahe vai. clumsy, fumble, inept. -ho'spahe. He's clumsy in handling things / he doesn't do
things right. See: -ho'sotahe.
-ho'spenone vai. sing not quite right. -ho'spenne. He sang not quite right. See: Ho'speoetane. -ho'spenohe vai. look weak. -ho'spenohe. He looks weak. -ho'speotse vai. helpless, powerless, unsuccessful. seems esp. to have the idea of not fully developed,
something like "half-baked". -ho'speotse. He gave up doing things the right way. Nho'speotse. I am helpless/powerless. Non-reduplicated: ho'spe-. Notes (Phonology) notice the
"sp" sequence which is normally heard in only a few individuals (perhaps only women) who assimilate /h/ 'past tense' to "s" preceding "p"
h'stse p. too much, excess. H'stse nhet'o. I can't see well because the sun is shining in my
eyes. H'stse nno'hetna. It's more than I can carry. (For example, I'm carrying a full pot of something. Someone tries to put more in the pot. By saying this I'm telling this person, or someone else, to carry it himself; I can't handle any more.). H'stse hetanne. He's carrying too many things at once. See: heme-.
ho'h- i. overheard. refers to someone else hearing whatever sound the subject of the verb is making.
-ho'hnva. He was overhead talking. -ho'hahtoheo'o. They are overheard hollering. Preverb: ho'he-.
-ho'haenove vai. overheard playing. -ho'haenove He was heard playing. -ho'hahtohe vai. overheard hollering. -ho'hahtohe. He was heard hollering (meowing, croaking,
neighing, etc.). Naa nhe'e t'the hne'hk-ho'hahtohesstse vo'stane tht'e. And then that person (whiteman) could be heard hollering on the prairie. (Croft 1988:21:13). Hothtse hnstovsesto x-ho'hahtohesstse 'khme. Here, he heard a(nother) coyote howling. (1987:300). Final: -ahtohe. See: -h'est; -nstoohe.
-hoo'hahts vti. slam s.t., forcefully close s.t. esp. a door or gate. ma'x-hoo'hhtse. He slammed it.
ms-hoo'hhtse. He slammed it shut. Hoo'hhtsstse! Slam it closed! See: -hoo't; -hoon. Antonym: -nsta'hahts.
-ho'ha'xan vai. overheard crying. -ho'ha'xne. I heard him crying. (lit. he was overheard crying). -ho'haso'he vai. ride horse out. -ho'haso'he. He rode horse out. for example, out of the corral. ho'he- pv. overheard. nx-ho'heamvnhtse. His footsteps are heard coming. mx-ho'hepnevone
when you hear shooting (that is, a big noise) (1987:27). Taxa'e nthv'hmo nev'esstse nhe tsema'xe-ho'hepe'pe'sthtse. Let's see, I'll go see whoever it is who is hollering. (1987:285). -ho'henstoohe. He was overheard hollering/bellowing/etc. v-ho'hexhevoo'o (or, -xhesstse)? What is he overheard saying? (humorous response to someone's farting). Initial: ho'h-. See: -ahtomn.
hoo'he
na. sack, bag. seems to refer only to containers made of cloth. may be inan. for some speakers.Pl: hoo'heno. Oblique: hoo'hnva.
-ho'hemese vai. overheard eating. -ho'hemese. He was overheard eating. -ho'henon vai. overheard singing. -ho'henne. He was overheard singing/"I heard him singing.".
Nvhe ts-ho'hennstse? Who is singing?
-ho'hst
vai. overheard hollering. -ho'hsta. I heard him hollering (lit. he was overheard hollering/screaming). fai: -st.
-ho'hetsvanen vai. overheard making noises feeling around. for instance, of a blind person, or
someone feeling around in the dark. -ho'hetsvnne. He is overheard making noises as he is feeling around.
-ho'hevanen vai. overheard making a sound. Often connotes farting sounds. v-ho'hvnne. He
was heard (going about) making noise (typically, farting). See: -ho'hvhan; -pnestse; nevanen.
-ho'hevanohts
vai. footsteps overheard in the distance. Noo, hnss'hoveema'xho'hevanhtshoono mstav'eoha'ovhevovhe. My, suddenly they made a lot of noise, (and) they woke him up. [1987:298] See: -amvanohts.
-ho'hevaxe vai. overheard falling. -ho'hvxe. He was overheard falling. -ho'hevhahts vti. overheard making a thumping noise with s.t. for example, of someone slamming
a door. -ho'hvhhtse. He was overheard making a thumping noise with it. vai: ho'hevhan. See: -ho'hvnen.
-ho'hevhan
vai. overheard pounding; pounding overheard. for example, of someone chopping wood or hitting a drum. -ho'hvhne. He's overheard making hitting noises. vti: ho'hevhahts. See: -ho'hvnen.
-ho'hevone vii. overheard sound. x-ho'hevoneheho onhv'e. A drum was sounding/heard (surp.).
(Stamper 1991:6). Final: -vone.
-ho'hnov vai. overheard talking. -ho'hnva. He was overhead talking. Nev'stse -ho'hnva.
Someone is overheard saying something. (humorous response to farting). fai: -nov.
-ho'hovam vai. overheard groaning. -ho'hvme. He groaned.Variant: -vovam. hoo'khestse'he na. rain coat.Variant: hoo'khve-estse'he. -hoo'khmea'xe vai. rainy smell. -hoo'khmea'xe. He smells rainy. Final: -ma'xe. Ho'khvnhe na. Rain In the Face. Hoo'khvhom'hesttse ni. Rain Dance. Usage: neologism; made-up word. not a Cheyenne dance. Hoo'khvse ni. Rainy Mountain. part of the Wichita Mountains.
Hoo'khvso'h'e ni. Rainy Mountain River. a tributary of the Washita River. -hoo'koh
vii. rain. -hoo'kho. It's raining. sa-hoo'khhane. It's not raining.Variant: -hoo'oh. Relative Root: -hetoo'koh; Final: -oo'koh.
hoo'khmahpe ni. rain water. -hoo'khhtse vii. sprinkle rain. hvove-hoo'khhtse. It first started sprinkling rain. (1987:29). -hoo'khotse vii. rain suddenly. -hoo'khotse. It suddenly rained. See: -hoo'koh. hoo'khvestse'he na. rain coat.Variant: hoo'khestse'he. neologism (probably loan transl.). Hoo'khvhne na. Rain. personified. fna: -vhan. Ho'kht'e na. Corn Woman.Variant: Ho'ht'e. See: Ma'o'ht'e. hoo'khtse
ni. ear of corn. Usage: sg. rarely used. Notes (Phonology) apocPl: ho'khtsstse. See: mhaementse; ma'hk'e. Possessive: -hto'khtamtse.
ho'khtsme'hahtse ni. hairlike string next to ear of corn. -hoo'oh vii. rain. -hoo'ho. It's raining.Variant: -hoo'koh. Usage: This pronunciation is seldom used.. Ho'ht'e na. Corn Woman.Variant: Ho'kht'e. See: Ma'o'ht'e. -h'htse vai. go home. -h'htse. He went home. me'v-ho'htseo'o. They should come back
home. (This can esp. refer to the relatives of the deceased, who are being called back into society, typically one year after the death of their loved one.). Cheyennes sometimes use this verb when they are nearing death. vti: -ho'otsests; Preverb: hose-.
-ho'htsh vta. take (or bring) s.o. home. See: -ho'otseh. hne'vho'-ho'htshosesto He brought
her back home (1987:308). vai: -ho'ohts.
ho'htsesttse ni. home.Pl: ho'htsstottse. Possessive: -hto'htsesttse. -ho'htstan vai. 1 want to go home. N-ho'htstno. I want to go home.
2 want to go to the afterlife. that is, be ready to die, perhaps not suffer from illness any longer
in old age.
-ho'o'ts vti. close s.t. (esp. a door or gate). See: -hon. -ho''tse He closed it. -ho'o'tsnvo They
closed it.
-ho'oohe vai. go home; be a delegate. often used to refer to when a Cheyenne travels to Washington,
D.C., because that is where the financial foundation for the tribe currently is. -ho'oohe He went home (or, He is a delegate). N-ho'oohema we are going home. The preceding verb was said when people were out picking berries; when done it was said calling out the names of accompanying children (to summon their spirits) so no one would be left behind. See: ho'ohts; Vtano.
-ho'ooh'tov vta. vta. Ntao's-ho'ooh'tvo. I'm going to take him home. can be on a car or wagon. -ho'oohetan vai. want to go home. See: -hono'otse; -honsetan. -ho'oohetno He wants to go
home/he is homesick.
-ho'otseh vta. take home s.o. See: -ho'htsh. -ho'otshho. He took him home. to's-ho'otsehe.
She's going to be taken home. (said about the bride, when she is going to be taken back to her parents). ho'-ho'otsehe. She is brought home. (bride at an Indian wedding). Nto'sho'otshatsme. I'm gonna take you guys home. vti: -ho'otsests.
-ho'otsstman vai. put on an Indian wedding.Literally: taking home (that is, taking the bride home to
whomever was designated). -ho'otsstmne. He's putting on an Indian wedding. ho'otsstmaneo'o. They are putting up an Indian wedding. For example, the groom's family
are bringing the presents to the bride's family, presents such as blankets, meat, and other stuff. See: -nah'en.
ho'otsstmanesttse ni. taking the bride presents to the bride's family. a part of the Indian wedding
process.
-ho'otsests vti. take s.t. home. -ho'otsstse He is taking it home. vai: -ho'ohts. ho'xe ni. 1 axe. Non-diminutive: hohkxe. See: -monooxan.
2 penis. Usage: fig..
-ho'sotahe vai. clumsy, unskilled, uncoordinated. s'-ho'sotahe. He's still uncoordinated. mmho'sotahe. He's big and clumsy.
-ho't vii. closed. Antonym: -nst'ta. -ho'ta. It (for example, door) is (physically) closed. saho'thane. It's not closed. See: -ho't; -ho't; -hoe't; -hon.
-ho't vii. exposed. -h'ta. it's exposed. sa-ho'thane. It's not exposed. See: -m'ho't. -ho'xev vai. announce (esp. as a "crier"); herald; cry. -ho'xva. He announced. A crier typically
announces throughout an encampment or at a giveaway. Traditionally, a crier was to be a special person, in particular, a medicine man or a chief. However, someone who was considered an especially good speaker could also announce. Honxeaseo'o ohkemoho'xevao'o mats'omva. Meadowlarks are heard early in the morning in the spring. vti: ho'xevht. See: -hotonov; -vvhe'ev; -m'oo'xev.
-ho'xevhn vai. announce while walking. -ho'xevhne. He announced walking. ho'xevphoen'o ni. bulletin board. Usage: neologism. ho'xevvxe'stoo'o ni. newspaper. See: mxe'stoo'o. Usage: neologism.Literally: announce-paper. -ho'xevht
vti. announce about s.t. -ho'xevhta Ma'heneva tshetaa'se He's announcing what God told him (for example, as a prophet). vai: -ho'xev. ho'xevomothvose Ma'heneva prophets (lit. those who announce for God).
-ho'xevomotah vta. announce for s.o. -ho'xevomothho Ma'heneva He announced for God. ts-ho'xevt vta. announce about s.o. -ho'xevoto. He announced about him. vai: -ho'xev. hom- i. shelter; protect; out of sight. -home. He is lying out of sight. Reduplicated: htoom-. homa1 na. blanket, robe. This word uniquely has phonetic (non-phonemic) glottalization. Although W.
Leman and other fieldworkers have transcribed 'blanket' as homa, the high pitch may not be a completely high pitch; the second /o/ has glottalization, such that jg, who was quite capable with the present orthography, independently transcribed the sg. as hoo'ma (with normal native speaker orthographic omission of pitch), but the pl. as hoomaho. This glottalization is not a complete glottal stop as found on other words, but a glottal coloring, a sharp drop in the clear vocalization of the /o/ and a drop off in pitch; rather than being a sharp, full glottal stop, the glottalization sounds more like "scratchiness.". hema is historically expected, but speakers pronounce and seem to prefer spelling as homa. Possessive: -htome.Pl: hoomaho. Obviative: hoomaho; Oblique: hoomhva (at the) finish line; Homonym: homa2 mosquito.Variant: hema. See: hstoomtse; hvo'esttse; -homa'ov protect s.o.. Etymology: *akweHmi; *akwe'mi (Pe79:355); *akomi (Pi).
homa2
na. mosquito. Pronounced as homa, same as 'blanket'; hema is historically expected. Preferred Cheyenne spelling is homa. It is difficult to hear a difference between homa and hema. Etymology: sakime:wa (Go74:107). Notes (Phonology) iahPl: hoomaho. Obviative: hoomaho; Homonym: homa1 blanket.
-hom vii. shelter. -hma. It's a shelter. for example, you can get under it for protection. homa p. on the other side; across. for example, on the other side of a river, ocean, or road. See: homa.
sfx: -m. Notes (Phonology) nl Etymology: *aka:menki.
Hoomhnhkohe na. Bear Robe. See: Nhkhenema. hoomhva obl. at the finish line. PD924 and PD140 note that a blanket was held to mark the end of a
race. That is how the word for 'finish line', as found in some versions of the story of The Great Race, derives from the word for 'blanket'. See: hooma blanket.
hoomhv'stse ni. "blanket plant"; mosquito plant ?? This is medicine boiled to clean out kidneys. -homa'ov -homan
vta. shield s.o., protect s.o. -homa'ovho. He protected/shielded him. Reduplicated: htooma'ov. See: -homo'etano; homa; hahno. vti. vta. shield s.o./s.t. by hand; hide s.t. Mx-homanhhe hesto'eme'onahttse. He shielded his match (from the wind). (Stamper 1991:10). See: -no'oests.
home- pv. i. hidden, out of sight. seems to have a similar semantic nuance as the exclamation eee,
which indicates doubt in someone or what they have said. N-home'khomhvme. You (pl)
are coyotes (and I doubt your sincerity). Nosee-homenevho'seohme We (excl.) were really in a rush leaving (and forgot things). -home'e. He's standing out of sight. See: noose-.
-home'shn vai. walk while shielding rump. 'e'am-home'shnesstse. He was walking trying
to hide his rear end. (Croft 1987:28:13). BodyPartMedial: -'s.
home'xaneto'hamstottse ni. blinders.Literally: shield-eyes-tie(?)-horse-NOM. -home'h vai. fly while out of=sight. See: -ta'ta'e'h. -hom'ha He is flying while out of sight. -homnen vta. cover face of s.o. -homnenahtse. He covered his (own) face. [pd311] -homeohov vai. flee out of sight. -homeohva. He fled out of sight. -home'e vai. stand out of sight. -home'e. He's standing out of sight. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: 'e2.
-homstaohe
vai. hide out of sight behind something. for example, in order not to get hit. homstaohe. He hid out of sight behind something.
-homstaoh'tov vta. defend s.o., shield s.o. -homstaohnoto. He protected him. -homstn vai. make protection, protect. -homstne He put up protection. for example, to put up
a fence for protection.
-homstov
vta. escape from s.o. -homstovho. He escaped out away from him. hma'xevhomstevsesto. He dashed out away from them there. (1987:298). See: he-; -amaxe.
-homee vai. lie out of sight. -home. He's lying out of sight. Antonym: -nhpee. -hometahe vai. shy; stays in the background. -hometahe. He doesn't talk to many people; he is shy.
Antonym: -snohe. See: -tanehe.
-homettam vta. suspect s.o. -hoomettamho. He suspects him. "Ts'the h'e n-homettmo,"
xhethoono. "This woman, I suspect her," he told him. [1980:65:45]
-hoomettsest vti. feel guilty about s.t. See: -hetmeme; -vnomhtahe. -hoomettssta He felt guilty
about it.
-homose vai. hang hidden. for example, when the moon is behind a cloud. -homose. He's hanging
hidden (for example, the moon behind a cloud).
-homost vii. hang out of sight. -homosta. It's hanging out of sight. -homo'etan vai. want to be shielded. -homo'etno He wants to be shielded (or protected). -homo't vii. hidden, out of sight. -hom'ta. It's hidden/out of sight. -homnoo'e vai. sit out of sight, hide. -homnoo'e. He's sitting out of sight. See: -homoo'e. -homoo'e vai. sit out of sight. -homoo'e. He's sitting out of sight. Mx-homoehevhe tstshsthese
hstove. The Cheyennes ambushed (them) on either side. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -homnoo'e.
[1987:22]
Final: -oo'e; Initial: hom-.
-homov vai. be sheltered from rain. -homva. He is sheltered from the rain. Final: -ov. -homose vai. sheltered from cold. for example, a horse standing behind a house to get out of the cold
wind. -homose. He's sheltered from the cold. Final: -ose.
hoon- i. restrain; forbid. hon- i. shut, close. -hon vti. close s.t., shut s.t. esp. when one physically shuts a door or gate. See: -ho'o'ts; -ho't; hoonet. Honhtse he'ntoo'o! Close the door! Honhtse! Close it! -hona. He closed it (esp.
door).
-hoona''o'h -hoona'n
vta. lead s.o. by the hand quickly. Mx-hoona''o'hohevhe. She led him the hand. [1987:255] See: -hoon. vta. hold hand of s.o., lead s.o. by the hand. -hoona'eno. He held his hand.Variant: hoona'nho. (younger speakers). -hoona'nhtseo'o. They are holding hands. See: -hoona''o'h.
-honea' vii. gush out. -hn'o. It (for example, water spout) gushed. See: -he'sev.
-honean vta. lead s.t./s.o. as with a rope. -honeanho. He led him (with a rope). Medial: -n. See: amonean.
honeanto ni. handle. for example, for a pail or kettle; for a handle that sticks straight out horizontally, as on a
cooking pan or a skillet, the word hestshv'xe (lit. his tail) is used; for the looped handle coming out of the side of the container, as on a coffee cup, the word toon'o ?? is used; for a handle on tools like knives, axes, or hoes, the word hoto'e is used. i.e. loop-shaped, over the object.Pl: honeanatnstse.
-honeanateve vai. vii. have a handle. -honeanateve. It (for example, cooking pot) has a handle. honeanate-v'ho'ksnhnesttse ni. lantern.Literally: handle-light. honean'o ni. handle.Pl: honeaneontse. -hoonsan vai. warn, counsel. typically, a kind of teaching instruction to family. -hoonsne. He is
warning. vta: -hoont. See: -hoonsthtohe.
-honsetan vai. lonesome. -honsetno. He's lonesome. N-honsetanohe? Are you lonesome? -hoonsetan'tov vta. want to caution s.o. See: -hestoma'ov. Antonym: -amhtov. -hoonsetan'tovho.
He restrained him/he prohibited him (for example, from doing something).
-hoonst vti. warn about s.o. -hoonsta. He warned about it. vta: -hoont. -hoonsthtohe
vai. warn; exhort; guide; counsel; advise; caution. part of a parent's teaching responsibility to children; this is warning by prohibition, whereas -o'haahtohe is warning through cautioning. -hoonsthtohe. He disciplined/guided/(repeatedly) warned. Tshekstovstse me'nhtv-hoonsthtohe. A mother should know how to caution. [1987:12] fai: -ahtohe. See: -hoonsne; -o'haahtohe. vai. calm people down, warn, counsel people. -hoonstmne. He is warning; calming people down. vta: -hoont.
-hoonstman
-hoont vta. calm down s.o., prohibit s.o., forbid s.o. (from doing something). -hooneto. He prohibited
him (from doing something). -hoontho He prohibited him (from doing something). (used by younger speakers). Hooneha! Tell him (for example, a child) to be quiet!/Warn him!/Calm him down! Nx-hoonememeno! Keep us from over-reacting! vai: -hoonstman; Antonym: amhtov. See: -honsthtohe; -hestomev; -xannot; -nhestov; -oo'hevam; -hestom.
-hoonevhtoman vai. takes up for you, defend. mx-hoonevhtomanhevhe he'heno naa mo''ha the
blackbird and magpie (defended?) were on (the people's) side (1987:245).
-hoonevsan vai. protect. -hoonevsne. He is protecting. -hoonevt vta. defend; shield; protect; stand up; stick up for s.o. A cow does this for her calf or calves.
-hoonevoto. He is sticking up for him. -hoonevtho. (younger speakers). Hoonevxeha! Defend him! Ntxve'ho'asstse, nstoohonvo tssthxovh-hoonevtse. Soldiers, your flag, you went across (the ocean) to defend it. (1987:244). See: -vsthtohe; -nst.
-honhtahe vai. be a lonely person. -honhtahe He is a lonely person. -honht'o'e vii. yard grass gone to weeds while occupants are gone.Literally: lonely vegetation. honht'o'e. The yard has gone to weeds while the occupants of the house are gone.
-honhtomhtahe vai. feel lonely. -honhtomhtahe. He's feeling lonely. fai: -omhtahe. -honhto'o vai. have a lonely look in the eyes. -honht'o. He has a lonely look in his eyes. -hono'otse
vai. become lonesome; lonely; homesick. See: -honsetan. -hono'otse He is lonesome/homesick.
-honoo'e vai. sit looking out. -honoo'e. He is sitting looking out. -hons't
vta. cause s.o. lonesomeness, cause s.o. homesickness. -hons'oto. He (obv) is lonesome for him [that is, he (prox) is causing him (obv) to feel lonely for him (prox)]. hons't'e. He is lonesome for him (obv). Noseema'x-hons'ota. I really miss him. hons'otaa'e (ITA verb) He misses it/he is lonesome for it. This verb stem reverses the semantic relations of the corresponding English verbs, which would have as the subject of the verb the person feeling the lonesomeness, for example, 'I miss him.' In Cheyenne it is the person or object that is being missed that is the subject of the verb, for example, nhons'ota 'I'm lonely for him, i.e. he "lonelies" me.' Some other verbs which similarly have different
semantic roles from their correspondng English verbs are -taa'ov 'fit to s.o.' and hevhonam'tov 'have s.o. as chief.'. See: -nhtsevtam.
-honsenests vii. make s.t. look lonely. -honsenstse She made it (for example, her house)
look lonely.
-honsenon vai. lonely sing, sing mournfully. -honsenne. He's singing a lonesome song. -honsenonee'e
songs.
vai. sit singing lonesome songs. -honsenonee'e. He's sitting singing lonesome
-honsenno'e vii. look lonesome, look lonely. for example, a deserted camp or an unoccupied house.
-honsenno'e. It looks lonely. fii: -nno'e.
-honsenohe vai. look lonely. -honsenohe He looks lonely. fai: -nohe. -honsstanove vai. live a lonely life. N-honsstanove. I'm living a lonely life. -honsetno vai. onesome. This word refers to missing what is familiar to you, for example, family
and home. -honsetno. He is lonesome.
-hoose vai. new moon, come out hanging. refers esp. to first quarter of moon, or can refer to the sun
coming out from behind clouds. -hoose. It is a new moon. ev-hose e'he. He (moon or sun, animate) came out hanging. See: he-.
-hoost vti. read s.t. -hoosta. He's reading it. -hoostnvo. They are reading it. See: -host. -hoestomev vta. read (s.t.) to s.o. -hoestomevho He read it to him. -hoometahe vai. timid, stay in background. can esp. refer to not wanting to do anything in front of
people. -hoometahe. He stays in the background. See: -tanehe; -e'thtahe.
-hoomoo'e vai. hide. -hoomoo'e. He's hiding. See: -ahtoee; -n'oesan. hoov'haseo'o ni. siphon. something that moves water from one place to another. hoovneo'o ni. water pump; siphon. See: ov'has'o; e'ov'has'o. Medial: -ov. hosepv. homeward. N-hoshove. I'm going home to bed. tshevsemto. I go home with my younger sister. See: -ho'ohts. Ntaohk-hosev'htsmo
-hose'h vai. fly home. -hos'ha. He flew home. -hose'hoohe vai. fly home. -hose'hoohe. He flew home. -hosemohe vai. run home. -hosemohe. He ran home. Synonym: -hohto'hotse; fai: -mohe. -hosstsem
vta. drag home s.o. -hosstsemho He drug him home. Notes (Phonology) cf. hestsem; there is a definite phonetic difference between these two forms, although it can difficult initially to hear: there is an elongated "s" sound in 'drag home'. An elder Ch. speaker described the difference this way: In 'drag home' there is a part that is pronounced "slower", while in 'drag out' that part is pronounced "faster".
-hosevohe vai. vti. throw home (s.t.). See: -vohe. -hosevohe He threw home (for example, in
baseball).
-hot
vta. bequeath. may require a preceding pv., perhaps mhe- 'all' is the only one allowed ?? Nmhe-hota. He bequeathed everything (for example, estate, teachings, songs) to me. Usage: said to be an old word. The stem can also be inflected as a ditransitive, like -mt 'give': Nhmhe-hotaa'e netao'o hov'he. He gave everything to me. Nmhe-hoxe. You gave everything to me. See: -nhethot; -mt; -naheh; -het.
hote- pv. behind, back. -hotev'hoomho. He turned back around to look at him. -hoteasevna.
He threw it behind (himself). -hotehahpanetse heme'ko. Her hair is clasped in the back (for example, in a ponytail). See: he'pa'onome. vai: -hoto'o.
-hotemohe vai. strain to look back. -hotemohe. He's straining to look back. fai: -mohe. -hote'e vai. stand looking back, look back standing. -hote'e. He's standing looking back.
fai: -.
-hoteotse
vai. look behind; look back. -heteotse. He looked behind. Nstsenhv'tnevhoteotse! Don't dare look back! (Stamper 1991:10). [1987:282]
-hoteots'tov vta. turn around to look at s.o. Mhnhmhaev-hoteots'tovhevhe. She turned

around to look at him. [1987:291]
-hotee vai. lie looking behind. for instance, of a baby being held who is looking behind, as over his
mother's back. -hote. He's lying looking behind.
ht'e ni. handle; drymeat drying pole. of tools such as knives, axes, and hoes. See: honeanto; e'o'o'e. Medial: -oot'e. Notes (Phonology) iah Final: -'(e) ??.
-hotn vai. renew. esp. of the renewal ceremony for the Sacred Arrows. -hotne. He renewed/he
did the (Sacred) Arrows ceremony. -hotnstove. There is a renewing (esp. of the renewal ceremony for the Sacred Arrows). See: -vvhetan; -oestn.
-hotn'va vai. pledge; vow in the Arrows ceremony. -hotn'va. He pledged/vowed to do the
(Sacred) Arrows ceremony.
-hotnoo'e vai. sit looking backwards, look backwards sitting. -hotnoo'e. He is sitting looking
backwards.
-hoto'
vai. look behind; look back. -hot'o. He looked back. Naa ta'se h'tva nohkhoto'oma. And, like, sometimes we look back. [1987:241] ohkev-hoto'oo'o. They kept looking back. Hot'htse! Look back! See: hote-. Notes (Phonology) not vs
-hotom vta. look behind at s.o.; turn around to look at s.o. Hp'e hne'hk-hotomaesesto. (The
skunk) would turn around and look at him too. (1987:283). See: -hoteots'tov; -v'hoom.
-hotom vta. look back at s.o. See: -vom. -hotomho. He looked back at him / he turned around to
say to him.
htvne p. out of the blue; unexpectedly. See: h'tva. Usage: probably obsolescent. -hovem vta. lie to s.o. (scare s.o. out, e.g. out of a house). See: -netse'e. N-hovema. He lied to me
(for example, didn't keep his promise to me). [GO 1/25/95]
hova'haseo'o ni. windmill.Pl: hova'haseontse. -hovotse vii. gush out. Mahpe -hovotse. Water is gushing out; her water (placenta) broke. -hovatam vta. groundlessly regard s.o. -hovatamho. to'ssathe'-hovatamheho Ma'heneva
He will never groundlessly regard God. -hovhestam may be preferred.
-hovto vii. water pour out. -hovto. Water is pouring out. hove- pv. i. mistakenly, in vain, for nothing, groundlessly. N-hovenheetno. I mistakendly thought
that way. N-hovho'hne mnnaotshhe. I came but you were asleep. N-hovenhtsmo. I tried to contact (ask about) him but he was gone. See: ponohta; otaxa; htse-; hov'he; oh-; 'se-.
hovhe voc. Friend! said by male to male. See: nsema'hhe; ma'hahe; hvahe. -hov'o'ts vti. gather s.t. See: -hvsan ?; -hvo'otsests. x-hov'o'tsnoho He gathered it (Croft
1988:25:41).
-hoveohts vai. go in vain; be a dry run. See: ponohta; hove-. -hovehtse He 'made a dry run'/he
'took a bum trip' (lit. he went in vain).
hovhponeto p. nevertheless. Nhavsvo'eha hovhponeto nnephvo'ho. He treated me badly

nevertheless I do him good. See: vhtome-.
hovo'eto p. all of us (or them; etc.) ?? See: netao'o; nstxtse. -hoxe'an vai. put up poles. -hox'ne. He's putting up tepee poles/lodge poles. See: hoxe'e. hoxe'e
na. tepee pole; lodgepole.Pl: hox'e. Oblique: hox'va. See: v'ho'omekhmxstse ??. Etymology: *apanwiyi lodgepole (Ch. end of word reshaped) (Go88). ni. Lodgepole River, Clinton, Okla. now known as the Washita River. See: Tsxhtxha.
Hoxe'eo'h'e
hpahpa p. Even! for example, with functional impact: They shouldn't have invited someone but they
did anyway; "Don't ask about that!"; epistemic particle. See: hpose; -a'seh.
hpose p. uninvited. difficult to translate; it means something like 'there's something going on over
there (but I'm not invited to it)'; appears to be quite similar in meaning to hpahpa for some (younger?) speakers (for example, "they're saying that about me--why are they saying that?"). Hpose ntavstshe'htse. I went there on my own accord (nobody invited me). Variant: hpose. See: ponohta; hpahpa.
hs-
i. be unable; cannot; fail to. -hs-a'xne He couldn't cry. -hs-na. He couldn't do it. Preverb: htse-. Notes (Phonology) this initial has the spelling ht- (with assibilation to ts-) before a final beginning with -e, for example, -htsenome
-hsa'xan vai. unable to cry; fail to cry. that is, try to cry but be unable to do so. N-hsa'xne. I
couldn't cry. See: -a'xaame.
-hsan vti. unable to do s.t., cannot do s.t. N-hsna. I cannot do it. Preverb: htse-. See: -htsest; hto'e; -nthnotse; -tnv.
-hsane vii. fail ?? tsnta'e -hsane all else fails (Hymn #92). See: htse-. hsepv. why; from there; from where; because. Hnov'e ts-hseoomse? Why did you hit him? Usage: A few speakers use this pronunciation instead of hse-..Variant: hse-.
hsepv. again; also; next. used whether of same person or of a similar repeated action; semantically
broader than English 'again'. -hsev'o. He fell over again. Nx-hsenheeha! Say it again! -hsemsehe. He is eating again. -hsemane. He is drinking again (usually implies drinking alcohol). tsx-hsevon'o the next morning. Nhhe nx-hse'ena nhe hetane. I was kept there by this man also. (1987:185). Adverb: hseto; Reduplicated: hetse-, htse-. See: va-; vse-; no'(e)-; mato; hsstse.
hsee'se ni. earring. Possessive: -vsee'se.Pl: hseesttse. -hse'e vai. pregnant. -hse'e. She is pregnant. vta: -hse'etaov. See: -moohtse'e. -hse'e'tov vai. pregnant with s.o. (the baby). -hse'e'tovho. She is pregnant with him (that is, with
the baby to be born). [1987:37] See: -hse'etaov.
-hse'etaov vta. impregnate s.o. Nvesho ts-hse'etaese? Who is she pregnant from? -hse'eta'e.
She is pregnant from him. -hse'etaovho. He got her pregnant.Variant: -xoh(n). See: hse'e'tov; -he-stse'eme; -he-veve.
-hse'voest vai. maternity dress, wear maternity dress. -hse'vsta. She's wearing a maternity
dress.
-hsem
vta. tell about s.o. -hsemho. He told about him. Hhta'heo'o nx-hsemeha v'ho'e ts'hkeno'semse. Tell me a story in which the ve'ho'e is included. See: -hhta'haov; m'stomev; -m'em; -totxem. Etymology: *a:cime:wa.
-hseoesest vti. tell about s.t. quickly. See: -m'eoesest. Ntav'neetke'nhe-hseoessta I'm just
telling this a little like that (BERTHA.TXT).
-hsest
vti. tell about s.t. -hssta. He told about it. Ntao's-hsstomvo nho'ehe na'stse hesthta'heo'o. I'm gonna tell this one story of my father's. (1987:149).
hsstoo'o ni. news, account, story. refers to factual, historical material; hhta'heo'o typically implies
fiction.Pl: hsstontse. Mnvhne'enhenovtse h'the hva hsstontse. You might know these stories. (1987:188). phvhsstoo'o Gospel (lit. good-news; loan transl. from Greek via English).Pl: hsstontse. Possessive: -htsstoo'o. Usage: as 'Gospel', probably missionary translation, but at least partially in use today; but not understood by some younger speakers. Notes (Phonology) vs See: hhta'heo'o.
-hsstonan
vai. make news. -hsstonne. the news is about him.Literally: news-make (i.e. he made news). ts't=hsstse. They tried to say the same thing, my mother and these others. N=hsstse those others.
[1987:30]
hsstse p. some. Etymology: cf. *a:0enta; cf. aanind (N). See: hse-. xhtanhevone nhi'ehe naa
-hossts'ee sit with head down. -hossts'ee'e. He sat with his head down. -hossts'ee'e vai. sit with head down. See: -'kava'ee'e; -kva'ee'e; -ma'ksta'ee'e. -hossts'ee'e. He
sat with his head down.
hseto p. again. See: mato. naa nhe'e hseto, amke nstse'komatsnoho vohe And then (he would
say) again, "Fat, I'll take a small bite of you, stop." (Croft 1988:18).
-hsetsheta' vti. do s.t. next. Hsetshet'htse! Put it in high gear! / Do it next! See: -tsheta'; vovetsheta'.
hos- i. backwards. This is about moving backwards without turning around. -hoshtse. He walked
backwards. anhe-hosvonhne. He came down backwards. (for example, down a steep hill crawling feet first). pv. -hosamehtse. He walked backwards. Etymology: *aye:-. See: hnoe-; hnse-; hotoe-.
-hosan vti. vta. slide backwards s.t./s.o. -hosanho. He slid him backwards. -hosehe vai. move camp backwards. -hosehe He moved camp backwards. -hset vai. barefoot; have no shoes on. -hsta. He is barefoot. Nv'-hsta; nstatthpe'hhta.
Don't go barefoot; you'll get big feet. (a traditional belief and common saying to children, esp. in the past).
-hsoetaa'e vai. sit barefoot. mnhsoetaehhe You must be sitting barefoot. Notes (Phonology) vs -hsoetohts vai. walk barefoot. -hsoothtse ?[ He walked barefoot. -hshne vai. walk backwards. -hshne He's walking backwards. See: -hosohts. -hosohts vai. walk backwards, backed away, back out. refers to walking away from something, not
having heels precede toes in walking. See: -amsohts. -hoshtse. He walked backwards.
-hsoo'kon vai. no socks. -hsoo'konao'o. They have no socks on. [JG 7/89] hostom- i. Variant: hosotm-. rest. -hostomhahtaa'e vai. rest one's (own) feet while sitting. -hostomhahtaa'e. He rested his feet
while sitting. Notes (Phonology) vs
hostomhahtesttse ni. footrest, footstool. Usage: probably loan translation. -hosotmhahts vti. rest s.t. -hostomhhtse He rested it (for example, his head). -hostome'e vai. rest standing, stand resting. See: -. -hostome'e. He rested while standing.
Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -.
-hostomeotse vai. rest. -hostomeotse He rested. See: -hostomoo'e. -hostomee vai. lie resting. See: -hostomoo'e. -hostome. He's lying down resting. -hosotme.
(variant; probably less commonly used).Literally: rest-lie.
-hostomem vta. give rest to s.o. See: -hosotmo'h. N-hostomemoo'o I gave them rest. -hostomo'h vta. rest s.o. -hostomo'hho. He gave him rest (for example, let him take a work break).
See: -hostomem.
-hostomoo'e
vai. rest.Literally: rest-sit. -hostomoo'e. He's resting. Notes (Phonology) vs See: hostomee. vai. drive backwards, back up. that is, can refer to making cattle back up. hosva'no'hme. He drove backwards ; he backed up driving. fai: -a'no'ham. See: hosvo'hotse.
-hosva'no'ham
hosve- pv. backwards. N-hosvhe'on'o. I withdrew my hand. [Croft] -hosvemohe vai. strain back. -hosvemohe. He's straining back. fai: -mohe. -hosvhomo'he vai. dance backwards. -hosvhomo'he He's dancing backwards. -hosvhom'heoohe vai. dance backwards quickly. stamhaehseam-hosvhom'heoohe. He used
to dance backwards. [STORIES.TXT]
-hosvo'hotse vai. drive in reverse. -hosvo'hotse. He's driving in reverse. -hosvo'ne' vai. step backwards. -hosvo'n'e He stepped backwards. -hosvonehn vai. crawl backwards. -hosvonhne. He crawled backwards. See: -hosvo'ne'. -hosvoomaeohts vii. dawn. -hosvoomaehtse. It's dawning. [1987:53]
-hosvoomane vii. water recede. See: -voome; hos-. -hosvoomane water is receding. -hosvoomno'e
vii. dawn. -hosvoomno'e. It's dawn. nhe'e ts'to's-hosvoomano'etse tsstana'heeno'etse nhe'e mstatshe'htshevhe Then towards daybreak on the third night, then they went over there. (1987:298). See: -a'en'nevomno'e. Notes (Phonology) iah
-ht
fta. come to s.o. Ntanhts-htone Ma'heo'o! Let us come near God! Mhma'xemheehtaehevovhe ntxv'h'e. So the soldiers gathered to come after (attack) them. (1987:44). fti: -hht. See: -ho'ehn. of this initial assibilates to ts- preceding an /e/ of a final; it occurs as /s/ otherwise, for example, hsa'xan
ht- i. fail to; cannot; be unable. -htsenome He failed to sleep. Preverb: htse-. Notes (Phonology) the /t/ -hota'hahts
vti. turn over s.t.; tip over s.t.; capsize s.t. can be used of turning a car over in an accident. N-hot'hhtse. I tipped it over. Notes (Phonology) pl See: -htavan; -hot'; e'kos-. a'ham.
-hota'ham vta. turn over s.o., tip over s.o., capsize s.o. -hota'hamho He flipped him over. Final: -hotavan vti. tip over s.t./s.o., turn over s.t./s.o. (by hand). -hotvna. He tipped/turned it over.
vta. -hotavanho. He turned him over (by hand). vai: -hot'. See: -va'sn; -e'ksen; hota'hahts.
-hotav' vii. vai. capsize; turn over while floating. See: -am'. -hotav'o It/he capsized. -hotavoeotse
vai. capsize, tip over. -hotavoeotse. He tipped over (floating). "Nstshotavoeotsmne nstsemmstanmne," 'hkhsesto. "We will turn over. We will drown,"
they would say. [1980:1:10-11] vii. See: -hoto'.
-hotavo'e' vti. kick over s.t.; capsize s.t. by foot. -hotavo''a. He kicked it over. [JOURNEY.TXT] -hotevo't vii. lean. for example, of a leaning tower. -hotv'ta. It's leaning. Notes (Phonology) pl
See: -htavan; -hot'; e'kos-.
-htha''h
vta. scratch s.o., claw s.o. -htha'o'ho. He (for example, cat) scratched him. Nhtha'o'ha. He scratched me. vti: -htha''ts. See: -hthn'o'h; -hthan. vai. scratch, claw. -htha''sne. He scratched (for example, someone). See: axeeohts.
-htha''san
-htha''ts vti. scratch s.t., claw s.t. -htha''tse. He scratched it. vta: -htha''h. See: -hthan. -hthan vti. claw s.t., scratch s.t. -hthna. He clawed it. See: -axeen.
vta. claw s.o., scratch s.o. -hthanho. He scratched him. See: -htho''h; -heka'a'h.
-hthanan vti. grab a lot of s.t. -hthanantse. He reached in and grabbed a lot of them. hotheome ni. willow tepee. See: ma'xhotheome. hothko ni. willow tepee, poor man's tepee (esp. willow shelter). can be covered with blankets or
canvas.Pl: ho'theektse; ma'xhotheome.
hothhne ni. side meat. -hthenen vai. scratch, claw. esp. of cats, to sharpen claws; for example, on a post or furniture. hthenne. He scratched.
hthtse p. unexpectedly; here (epistemic); lo and behold. For example, I was telling it to him but (hothtse)
he already knew it. Nhe'e hthtse? Then what? Hthtse a'e nhhe tsvsstanovese mspe'pe'eotshevhe. Here, it was just those who lived there making trouble. [1987:28] See: tahe; hv-mhe; nthtse; tshmhe.
hotam- i. turn around. See: hotoe-. hotma'e

p. hurry; quickly; Nothing to it! See: hotm'e; s'ea'e; s'hove-; h'tva; -vsetan; nontovahe. Hotma'e tav'nev'hoeots'tovenano! Hurry and look at them! [1987:260]
-hotama'ee'e vai. sit facing backwards. -hotama'ee'e. He's sitting facing backwards. that is, sitting
with his back to others.
-hotama'n vta. possessive of s.o., control s.o.Literally: cause face to turn back to. -hotama'nho. He
made her do only what he wanted her to do. -hotama'eno. He made her do only what he wanted her to do. (older pronunciation). esp. doing only what your spouse wants, but can be of children or others, also. N-hotama'noo'o nansoneho. I control my children.
-hotama''e vai. turn around standing with back to the fire. This is the culturally appropriate way to
warm oneself at a fire. It is culturally preferred to standing facing a fire (or stove) with your hands out in front of you. N-hotama''e. I was standing warming with my back to the fire. Notes (Phonology) vs Antonym: -hovh'e; Final: //.
-hotama'e vai. lie opposite from. for example, lying with his back to you. -hotama'e. He lying the
other way. [PD81]
hotame-
pv. turn around, reverse, turn one's back. -hotamease. He turned around and left. hotamemsehe He turned around to eat (ate the other direction). Hotamenoota! Turn around and leave him! (1987:231). Txaethe'k-hotameasstse! Just turn around and leave! Hn'e tshs-hotamenooxeto? Why have you forsaken me? (Matthew 27:46). nhe'e hne'vathotameasesstse Then she turned around and left. (1987:259).
htame na. 1 dog, hound. Holliman Spelling: ho dum. Usage: Does not appear to be used much today as
a word for regular dogs. At least one speaker has said that this word refers to "hounds," such as greyhounds and rottweilers. It does occur as a stem meaning 'dog' in some words with modifiers, such as v'omhtame 'white dog.' Historically, this word meant 'dog,' but then was semantically extended to include other domesticated animals (meaning sense 2.). A new term for 'dog,' (oekse) took the place of the general meaning of 'dog' for this older word, htame.. htame (another speaker). v'omhtame white dog. Notes (Phonology) iahPl: hotme. Obviative: hotme. Etymology: *a0emwa; a0emo:ki dog. See: oekse; oekso. 2 small domesticated animal. kseeshotame pig (lit. pointed-nose-domesticated.animal). ka'eeshotame cat (lit. short-nosed-domesticated.animal; archaic; PD; now pso 'cat' (from English 'pussy' ?) is used).
Hotamhve na. (man's name). Hotammaase na. Dog Chips. the ending /-mase/ (/-mese/ ?) is probably morphologically related to
the ending of hemhkse 'chips; animal excrement'. See: Hotamaase; Ovhemaase; mase.
-hotammshnon vai. sing Crazy Dogs songs. hvon-hotammshnne. He sang Crazy Dog
songs all night. [1987:30] fai: -non. See: mseha.
hotammshnoo'tse ni. Crazy Dogs Society song.Pl: hotammshnoottse. Hotammshao'o na. Crazy Dogs. from Grinnell: a "modern" society. Hotammatse na. Dog Chips. See: matse. hotamemen'stse ni. dogwood. Usage: loan transl. from Petter ??. -hotameoestoh(n) vta. confront s.o. right away. -hotameoesthnho. He went right away to confront
him.
Hotameohmseestse
vai. Northern Cheyenne person.Literally: northern-eater. Variant: Notameohmseestse. Usage: subdialectal variant. This pronunciation appears to confuse the prenoun hotame- 'dog' with the intended preverb notame- 'north'. See: hmseestse; Notameohmshtane; -msehe; -tshstahe; Hevhtane.Pl: Hotamohmshese.
-hotameoxeve vai. have dog belly ?? nsts-hotameoxeve "You will get a big belly if you hold a puppy
on your belly." (a saying).
Hotamtaneo'o na. Dog Men. from Grinnell: an "ancient" society; PD777ff. See: Hotammshao'o. hotam'stse ni. smart weeds. seems to be similar to nettles; will make skin hurt. Hotam'keeho na. Indians from "out west" (for example, Navahos). -hoto'hahts vti. tip over s.t. N-hota'hhtse. I tipped it over. vai: -hoto'. -hoto' vai. capsize, turn over, tip over. for example, what happens to a person in a car accident when
a car overturns. -hot'o. He capsized/tipped over. -hoto'oo'o. They turned over. vti: hota'hahts, -hotavan. Notes (Phonology) not vs See: -e'svoeotse.
-hoto'otse vai. turn over; fall over; capsize. -hoto'otse He fell over/capsized.
-hotovoeotse vai. capsize, turn over. nstshotovoeotsmne We'll turn over (1980:1:10). -hotxan vti. uncover s.t. -hotxna. He uncovered it/he revealed it.
vta. uncover s.o., unwrap s.t., reveal s.o. for example, can refer to taking the lid off a cooking pot or opening drapes. Hotxaneha! Unwrap him (for example, unswaddle a baby)! See: -hheet -ta'ta'en; -htxan.
-hotxnomsan vai. reveal; uncover in teaching. See: -vovstomsan. tsto'she-hotxnomsnse

vo'stanvhahtsesttse that he was going to reveal the way of salvation (1987:236).
hotxeve- pv. revealed; uncovered. N-hotxevhvsvo'ta I denounce him. -hotxevhvsvo't

bad-say.about. vta. denounce s.o. N-hotxevhvsvo'ta I denounce him.Literally: openly-
-hotxoh vti. uncover s.t. by tool. -hotxha. He uncovered it by tool. See: -hotxan. hota- pn. bull; buffalo. See: hothpe-; hotoa'e. Hoth'e na. Bull Woman. Hotahe'pe na. Buffalo Rib. Hotahemahkse na. Buffalo Chips. See: Hotamaase. Hotahetone na. Bull Thigh. hotaksa na. ram.Literally: bull-goat. hot'e na. 1 male buffalo; buffalo bull. Notes (Phonology) vs The only pronunciation heard is hotoa'e,
although hot'a is historically and phonologically expected. A number of words for which we would expect the rule of Vowel Stretching to produce a word-final "a" actually have a wordfinal "e." See also -mea'e, -htsea'e; for some people, mastoo'e 'throat' (instead of mastoo'o). Etymology: *aya:pe:wa buck.Pl: hotao'o. Obviative: hotoa'o; Possessive: -htotame. See: hotave; sevone; hothpa'he; hothpso; -htotame. 2 Buffalo.
Hot'e hm'hnstse vai. Bull Comes Out, Buffalo Comes out. origin of name Bull Coming. Hotoa'e hnotama'ee'stse vai. North Facing Buffalo. Hotoa'e xha'ho'osstse vai. High Bull. See: Anohe xha'ho'osstse. Hot'hhe na. Buffalo Woman. See: Hotv'e; svn'e. -hota'kon'o vai. turn into buffalo bones. See: -he'konam. Naa nto'shshsmo hhta'heo'o hetane
tstso'sh-hota'kon'se. I'm gonna tell another story, about a man when his bones turned into
buffalo bones. [1987:264]
Hota'hma'aestse vai. Red Buffalo. Hota'hma'haethtse vai. Big Buffalo. Hot'hn'stse vai. Standing Bull. one of Dull Knife's sons had this name. Hota'hnese vai. Two Bulls. Hota'hntaestse vai. Other Bull. Hot'hphvaestse vai. Good Bull, Good Buffalo. Cheyenne name of Soldierwolf. Hota'htamhnstse vai. Walking Bull, Walking Buffalo. Hota'htsvhnstse vai. Bull Moving About, Wandering Buffalo. Hota'htsv'hhtse vai. Bull Flies About. Hota'hthe'kstaestse vai. Short Bull. Hota'xha'staestse vai. Tall Bull, Tallbull. Hota'xhoo'stse vai. Sitting Bull. Usage: Ch. translation of a Sioux chief's name. Hotamaase na. Buffalo Chips. See: Hotammaase; Ovhemaase; Hemahkse. Hotama'heo'o na. Medicine Bull.
Hotamhn'e na. Buffalo Walks Woman. Hotam'hne na. Bull Comes Out, Bullcoming, Buffalo Appearing. Hotam'hahtse na. Bull Beard. hotame'ko ni. buffalo skull.Literally: buffalo-head. used in altar of Sun Dance. Hotm'e na. 1 bull elk.
2 Bull Elk.
htoan- i. difficult. -htoantshsenstsstove It is difficult to talk Cheyenne. -htoanhoeme It (for

example, some book) is difficult to read. Nhne'veosee-htoanameehme we really had a difficult time traveling (1987:29).
-htoanahe vai. handicapped, be in bad shape. -htoanahe. He is handicapped. ts-htoanhese those

who are handicapped, in bad shape. See: -he'anahe.
Hotanhkohe na. Bull Bear. See: nhkohe. -htoan'o'h vta. get s.o. in trouble, put s.o. in difficulty, confuse s.o. N-htoan'o'ha. He put me in a
difficult spot. -htoan'o'hahtse. He confused himself.
-htoanm vta. say something difficult to s.o. -htoanamo. He said something difficult to him. Hee
nma'x-htoanm'e v'kseho. (1987:314).Variant: -htoanvem.
Well, the birds said something difficult to me.
Hotanmosstse na. Bull Lefthand. -htoann vta. make difficulty for s.o. -htoannho. He made things difficult for him / he got him
into trouble. -htoannahtse. He got himself in trouble. See: -htoant.
Htoano'h'e
ni. Difficult River, Purgatory River. Now known as Purgatory River. It enters the Arkansas River from the south near Fort Lyon, Colorado.
-htoan'e vai. be in bad trouble, going to get it. -htoan'e. He's in bad trouble / he's going to
get it.Literally: difficult-stand. fai: -.Variant: -htoanve'e.
-htoanotse Nohke-oo'hemaevohe honxeaseo'o?

vai. suddenly difficult. for example, to get a bad diagnosis from the doctor, or to have sudden bad luck. N-htoanotse. I was in difficulty. (1987:108). See: -ho'omeeotse.
-htoanto
vii. difficult, tough. -htoanto. It's difficult. osee-htoanto. It's very difficult. tshtoantotse that which (obv) is difficult. Etymology: cf. *salakatwi. Antonym: -he'ant.
-htoanvh'en vai. cook in difficult ways. -htoanvh'ne. She cooked in difficult ways. -htoanvtsest vti. regard s.t. as being difficult. N-htoanvtssta. I regard it as difficult. Naa
n'hksee-htoanvtssta hne nena'stse hov'he. And I would think that's one of the most
difficult things. (1987:154).
-htoanvem vta. say something difficult to s.o. -htoanvemho. He said something difficult to him.
See: -htoanm.
-htoanvenestse vai. speak difficult language. -htoanvenestse. He speaks difficult language. fai: nestse.
-htoanve'e
vai. stand in a difficult place. -htoanve'e. He's standing in a difficult place.Variant: -htoan'e. htoanvstonhanhe he'ntoo'o there was no way for the door to be opened (1987:41).
-htoanvstone vii. complicated. that is, refers to how complicated something is made. m'osee-htoanvetan
vai. have a difficult time. See: -ho'omenehe. htoanvetno. I am having a difficult time. Antonym: -he'anvetan. N-
-htoanvhne
vai. sign something difficult, difficult sign. -htoanvhne. He's signing about something difficult. fai: -ohon.
-htoanvhta'han vai. tell a difficult story. for example, tell a story of the Cheyennes' painful Trek
north from Okla. -htoanvhta'hne. He told a difficult story. See: -hhta'han.
-htoanv'an
vai. say something difficult, difficult speak. -htoanv'ne. He said something difficult. for example, to ask for a big favor.
-htoanvo'eh vta. do s.t. evil/terrible/difficult to s.o. -htoanvo'eeho He did him evil/something

terrible (or difficult).
-htoanvo'etahe vai. do something bad, do something difficult. hohe-htoanvo'etheo'o. They

did something terribly bad. [1987:258]
-htoanvo'emaov vta. give s.o. a tough sentence, tough sentence s.o. -htoanvo'emaovho. He (the
judge) gave him a tough sentence. Antonym: -he'anvo'emaov. See: -ho'emaov.
-htoanvo'ohe vta. sentenced tough. tsstaema'x-htoanvo'oese for him to get a tough sentence
(BERTHA.TXT).
-htoanvo'omeotse vai. come to be in a difficult state. khe -htoanvo'omeotse Poor thing, he's
in a pitiful state (1987:268).
-htoanvo'omenehe vai. have a difficult life. -htoanvo'omenehe He has a difficult life. [1987:270] -htoanvomhtahe vai. be seriously sick. See: -homhtahe. naa m'hkemhaenaethevhe ... tsvhtoanvomhthtsese and he used to doctor those who were seriously (terminally?) sick
(1987:107).
-htoanvomhthotse -htoanvoohe
vai. critically sick - become; very sick - become. stavema'xeashtoanvomhthotse. He became critically ill. [1987:195] vai. receive a tough sentence. -htoanvoohe. He got a tough sentence. See: na'hevohe.
-htoanvoo'e vai. live in a difficult place, be in a difficult place. -htoanvoo'e. He lives in a place
which is difficult to get to. See: -hoo'e.
-htoanvotse'ohe vai. difficult work. -htoanvotse'ohe. He has difficult work. See: -hotse'ohe. -htoanxe vai. lie in a difficult way. -htoanxe. He's lying there is a difficult way. Hotanstoohe na. Bellowing Bull. See: Hotoa'e hnstooestse. Hotantxeo'o na. Buffalo Bull Warriors (a society). Hotao'h'e ni. Bull River. Hotao'h'e ni. Bull River. known today as the Cimarron River which flows into the Arkansas River
in Okla.
Hota''ne na. Blind Buffalo. Hotso na. 1 small buffalo. See: m'ks'e.
2 Little Buffalo.
Hotv'e na. Buffalo Woman. Hotav'ohe na. Bulltail. hotavtsva na. buck.Literally: bull-deer. Variant: hothpevtsva. -hotave vai. be a buffalo. See: hotoa'e. -hotave. He is a buffalo. sa-hotvhe. He is not a buffalo. Hotv'he na. Lame Bull. Hotavno'hoo'tse na. Bull Stomach. -hotaveotse vai. become a buffalo. stama'x-hotaveotsesstse nhe ksovhe That young man turned
into a big buffalo. (1987:307).
Hotavshe na. Buffalo Horn. Hotavtanove na. Bull Tongue. Hotavhtane na. Bull Skin. hotav'aa'e na. antelope buck. Hotav'hee'se na. Bald-faced Bull.
hotavooma
na. buffalo hide robe. Hotavoma mhnhvo'oehhe. She had on a buffalo robe. (1987:311). Oblique: hotavoomhva ( 266). See: homa.
Hotavoomhe na. Bull Robe. Hotavoo'e na. Bull Hump, Buffalo Hump. one of Dull Knife's sons had this name. hotnvhe na. cheesecloth; netting.Literally: see.through-thing. -htoee vai. lie in shade under a tree. -hte. He's lying in the shade under a tree. See: -hovo'ee. -hthn'o'h hotohke
vta. scratch face of s.o., claw face of s.o. N-hthn''ho. I scratched his face. BodyPartMedial: -n. See: -hthenen. na. star. This pronunciation is more common than hetohke.Variant: hetohke. Pl: hothkeo'o. hothkeo'o tsnshtxese the seven stars (Pleiades). See: hetohko.
hotohke tsana'htse vai. meteor.Literally: star which falls. Pl: hothkeo'o tsana'ose. Hothk'e na. Star Woman. Hothkema'aestse na. Red Star.Variant: Hothkhma'aestse. Hothkemn'e na. Star Road Woman. Hothkenstoohe na. Howling Star. Hothkeo'o hna'hese vai. Three Stars. hothkeo'o tsnshtxese
na.
Pleiades.Literally: stars
which
are
seven
in
number.
Variant: mano'hothkeo'o.
-hothkeoxa'he vii. vai. have a medicine wheel design beaded. -hothkeoxa'hnstse. They (inan.)
have a medicine wheel design.
-hothkeoxa'hen vai. medicine wheel design bead. -hothkeoxa'hne. He's making a medicine
wheel design.
Hothkso na. Oglala Sioux Indian.Literally: little star. Pl: Hothksono. Hothketan'htse vai. Falling Star. See: -ana'. -hothkeve vii. starry. -hothkeve. It's starry. -hothkevhtheve vii. have a star design. -hothkevhthvnstse They (inan.) have a star design.
vai.
Hothkhma'aestse vai. Red Star.Variant: Hothkema'aestse. Hotohkh-ma'aestse vai. Red Star. -hothkhthen vai. make a star design. -hothkhthne He's making a star design. hothkono'ko na. star quilt.Pl: hothkon'kono. Obviative: hothkon'kono. hothotheo'o ni. poor man's dwelling. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: hothotheontse. See: hothko. hothotheome ni. poor man's=lodge. hothothko ni. little shelter made from willows. See: hothko.Pl: hothothekontse. hothpa'he na. steer. See: hotoa'e.Pl: hothpa'heo'o. Obviative: hothpa'heho. hothpa'(k)hso na. small buffalo bull. not yet four years old. See: hothpso. hothpa'kso na. young buffalo bull. See: hothpso. hothpe- pv. bull, buck, male. See: hota-.Variant: hothphe- ??. hothpevtsva buck (deer). hothphevaho na. buffalo fur. gramm. pl. See: hevaho. Hothphv'e na. Buffalo Rope Woman. See: hevaho. hothpso
na. buffalo bull calf. between one and three years old. See: hot'e; hothpa'(k)hso; hothpa'kso; hothpa'he.
hothpevtsva na. buck.Variant: hotavtsva.
-hthta' vti. 1 trip over s.t., stumble on s.t. N-htht'a. I tripped over it. vta: -hothta'ov. See: ahanee; -'tovah; -hohtee. 2 violate s.t. (esp. parole). v-htht'a tsxhestho'se. He violated his probation.
-hthta'ov vta. make s.o. stumble. See: -hthta'. -hthta'ovho. He made him stumble. -hthtan vti. bump into s.t.; collide with s.t.; hit s.t.; run into s.t.; run over s.t. N-hthtna. I bumped
into it. vta. bump into s.o.; collide with s.o.; hit s.o.; run into s.p.; run over s.o. -hthtanho. He ran over him. See: -hohtan.
hoto'- i. kind. See: -hoto'ahe; -hoto'tsest; -hoto'eh; -hoto'em; -hoto'etan; -hoto'o't. Preverb: hoto'e-. hoto'h- p. generously. -hoto'h-vo'stanheve He lives generously. -hoto'ahe vai. generous. This is a highly valued Cheyenne trait. -hoto'ahe. He is generous. Antonym: vnhkos. See: -msetsstahe hospitable; -phvostomo'he nice personality; -heto'ahe so want; -he-to'hahe have on gloves.
-hoto'tsest
vti. satisfied with s.t., approve of s.t. N-hoto'tssta. I am satisfied with it. sahoto'tssthe. He is not in favor of it. See: -amht't; -phvtsest.
hoto'e- pv. Initial: hoto'-.politely. -hoto'eamehtse He walked politely (natural?). -hoto'eh vta. be generous to s.o. -hoto'ehho. He's generous to him. -hoto'eh vta. please s.o. with action. The person who likes is encoded as the patient (syntactic object)
of the Cheyenne verb; the person whose action is liked is treated as the agent (syntactic subject) of the verb. -hoto'hho. He pleased him (obv) with what he did. N-hoto'ho. He liked what I did (that is, I pleased him with what I did). N-hoto'hoo'o. They were agreeable to what I did. Nsa-hoto'hhe. He didn't agree with what I was doing (that is, I was not agreeable to him in what I did). See: -hoto'em.
-hto'e'ov vta. 1 walk single file with s.o., walk Indian file with s.o. can esp. refer to when a wife
follows her husband while walking. -hto'e'ovho. He walked single file with him. hto'e'vhtseo'o. They are walking singlefile. See: -h'e'ov follow s.o.; -hto'e'ov. 2 so apart in age from s.o. Naa tsxheanamstove na'he'e n-hto'e'vhtsme. And according to the ages (years), we are three years apart. [1987:32]
-hoto'em vta. please s.o. with talk. See: -amhtov; -hoto'eh. -hoto'emho. He pleases him (obv) with
what he says. N-hoto'mo. He was agreeable to what I said to him/what I wanted done. Nmano'-hoto'mhtsema. We agree together (are of one mind).
-hoto'noev ('en??) vta. please s.o. in song. esp. of singing a lullaby to a baby that puts him to sleep.
-hoto'enoevho. He sang a song that pleased him.
-hoto'eotse vai. quieteddown. -hoto'eotse. He quieted down. -hto'ee vai. fall short; stumble. N-hto'e. I fell short, didn't succeed. See: -nthnotse; htse-; htsee.
-hoto'etan vai. cooperative. -hoto'etno. He is cooperative. sa-hoto'etanhe. He's not cooperative.

[1987:268]
See: -phvatsest; -hoto'ahe.
-hoto'etanotse vai. agree (to s.t.). msth-hoto'etanotshevhe They agreed (to it). -hto'evonht vta. climb following s.o. in single file. -hto'evonhthtseo'o. They were climbing
single-file following each other. [STORIES.TXT]
-hoto'o't hto'xe-
vta. compliment s.o. to s.o. else. -hoto'o'oto. He complimented him to s.o. else. hoto'o'tho. (younger speakers variant) See: -mha'ov; -hoto'etan. pv. on each side. mstan-hto'xeteameohtshevhe hne tsstaam'ta hes'ome They went all around the edge of the ridge (1987:95). 'hma tshhe nme'hke naa hp'e thhe 'hma nme'hke. And my bedding would be on one side (of the tepee) and yours would be on the other side. [1987:259] Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: h'xe.
ht'xe p. on each side, on either side. for example, on both the right and left sides. Naa ht'xe
-hotmahe vai. be a scapegoat. -hotmahe. He's a scapegoat. hotm'e

p. indoors; inside; within. hotma'e mhene inside the house. Nstsev'e-'na he'ko hotm'e! Don't break a bone indoors! (esp. to get marrow out) (If you do you might break your leg. A cultural prohibition.). M'hkesevomaehevovhe hotm'e. They were found by (the soldiers) inside (the caves). [1987:43] Antonym: anse. See: hotma'e.
-hotoma'he vai. backward, unprogressive. -hotoma'he. He is not progressive. Hotman'e na. Standing In Lodge Woman, Stands Inside Woman. Notes (Phonology) contraction <
hotm'e n'e 'Inside she is standing.'Variant: Hetman'e. This appears to be more commonly
used than the variant, Hetman'e.
hotme- pv. abuse, mistreat. -hotmem'shohpo'anne. He was the only one to pick things up. he
nsa-hotmenhetatshe neaxaa'hemo tshmhehvstoemono tsohkevhethta'haneto Hey, I
didn't complain to you, (that) you sisters I had married them, the way you always tell the story (1987:175). See: hotmo'eh.
hotmoehnohtsstse na. black sheep child.Pl: hotmoehnhtseto. Obviative: hotmoehnhtseto. -hotmoehnhtseve vai. be the black sheep child. for example, he is treated differently; he is worse
than the other children. -hotmoehnhtseve. He is the black sheep.
-hotmo'eh vta. abuse s.o., mistreat s.o. -hotmo'eeho. He abused him. See: -hetmo'eh. -hotmo''e
vai. jilted, victimized, mistreated. esp. of taking sexual advantage of a woman and leaving her. -hotmo''e. He's a victim; he was mistreated. -hotmo'eo'o. They are mistreated. vta: -hotmo'eh. Notes (Phonology) vs
-hotmo'estman vai. spiteful. -hotmo'estmne. He is spiteful. See: -xo'estman. Hotm'me na. (woman's name). Hotmo'omh'e na. (woman's name). Picked On Woman ?? -hoton vta. inform s.o., notify s.o. See: -ho'xevt. -hotonho. He notified him. vai: -hotonov. hotnhtsesttse ni. news; notice. See: hsstoo'o; nstomnesttse. hotona'- pv. connected, joined (as a chain). nhona hotona'vo'stanhevesttse five generations (of
people) (lit. five connected-life).
-hotona'n
vti. vta. connect; join s.t./s.o. -hotona'na. He connected it. N-hotona'nantse I'm connecting them (inan.). N-hotona'noo'o I'm connecting them (an.). See: -hna'en; hna'ests; -hna'ovn.
-hoton'eon mbp. joint(s). -nhoton'eonhtse He has pain in his joints. tsx-hton'eonhestove

where the joints are (PD) ??
hotona'onaesttse ?[ ni. double joints. See: -hona'o't. -htona'oo'e vai. joined. tsx-htona'oevse namo'kono my knuckles (lit. where they are jointed, my
fingers).
htona'ove-
pv. connect, add. -htona'ov-hhta'henne. He added on another story. Nonreduplicated: hna'ove-.
-hotonov vai. notify. See: -ho'xev. -hotonva. He notified. hotoo p. pv. uh. hesitation word. hotoo // nke'ehe / khmh'e ohkhestohe. Uh, my grandmother,
Coyote Woman, she was called. (1987:21). Nht=hotoo=hsemoo'o. I'll, uh, tell about them. (1987:69). often intrusive in verbs, esp. at the preverb and root (or stem) boundary. See: ta'se; hva.Variant: hetoo.
-htooma'ov
vta. shield, shelter, protect s.o. -htooma'ovho. He shielded him. Non-reduplicated: homa'ov. Notes (Phonology) redup
Hotome'e na. Shelter Woman. -htoomees vai. shelter nose. -htoomese He hid (protected?) his (own) nose. -htoomees' vai. shelter nose. -htoomees'o. He hid (sheltered) his (own) nose. Hotomeso na. Little Shelter.
htse- pv. repeatedly. N-htsenhto. I repeatedly asked him.Variant: hetse-. Non-reduplicated: hse-.
See: ohke-; hovave-; ho''omee-; a'ene-.
hotx- i. reveal; uncover. htx- pv. i. crisscross. htx-mh'o log house (lit. crossed (logs)-house). -htxamehtse He's
walking crossing (for example, when two guards are crossing back and forth in front of what they are guarding). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: hxov-.
hotxaa''e
na. widow. Pl: hotxaa''eo'o.
See: otxaema'haahe;
h'e.
Usage: obsolescing.Variant: otxaa''e.
-hotxaa''eve vai. be a widow. -hotxaa''eve. She is a widow. Masculine: -hovaheve. htxe'estaahe

na. Catholic.Literally: crossing-Christian. literal meaning refers to genuflecting. See: mo'htvoest'e.
[1987:42]
-htxhn vai. walk crisscrossing. -htxhne He crossed (for example, walking back and forth).
Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -hxovehn.
-hotxho'he vai. hit by sun. N-hotxho'he the sun is hitting (uncovering?) me (when I am in the
shade and I have to move again because the sun has moved and caught me). See: -htxto; hotxovmota.
-htxa'n vti. uncover s.t. Htxa'nhtse! Uncover it!

vta. Htxa'neha! Uncover him! (for example, uncover the baby's face).
-htx'e vai. lie in the opposite direction. -htx'e. He's lying at the foot of the bed. -hotxa'e
vai. lie with uncovered head. for example, of a person in a casket whose face is not covered by a scarf or some other funeral home's covering. -hotxa'e. He's lying with his head uncovered. vai. sit with crossed legs. -htx'kanee'e He sat with legs crossed underneath ('Indian style'; only appropriate for men). Notes (Phonology) vs See: -nenstanee'e; -hetanvoo'e.
-htx'kanee'e
-htxa'ov vta. cross position with s.o. that is, be positioned foot to foot with someone. -htxa'ovho.
He is in a crossed position with him. ohk-htxa'vhtseo'o hesthkh'eo'o. The (girl) twins face different directions.
htxmh'o ni. log house.Literally: crossed(.log.ends)-house. -hotxan vti. uncover s.t., reveal s.t. Hotxnhtse! Uncover it! / Open it up! (for example, open up the
drapes) / Reveal it! vta. uncover s.t., unwrap s.o. Hotxaneha! Unwrap him! (for example, unwrap the baby).
-htxan vti. trade s.t., barter s.t. -htxna. He traded it.

vta. trade s.o. -htxanho. He traded him.
-htxnaesetse vai. genuflect, cross sign. esp. as a Catholic. See: -htxvhon. -htxnaesetse He
made the sign of the cross.
htxse'hohesttse ni. cross. htxse'hohstva obl. on a cross. -htxse'hoh(n) vta. crucify s.o. -htxse'hohnho. He nailed him to a cross/he crucified him. htxse'hohe. He was crucified.Literally: cross-fasten-by.tool.
-htxt vii. cross. -htxto. It is crossed. tsx-htxto where it is crossed. ts-htxto cross (lit.
that which is crisscrossed). ts-htxtoo'stse crosses.
-htxvan vti. exchange s.t., switch s.t.

vta. exchange s.o. Htxvanome! Exchange (said to more than one person) them (inan.)! [Croft]
htxveeshe
na. crossbill. Usage: probable loan transl. from English..Pl: htxveesheo'o. Obviative: htxveesheho. Medial: -haht. Notes (Phonology) vs
-htxvhahtaa'e vai. sit with crossed feet. -htxvhahtaa'e. He is sitting with his feet crossed.
-htxvhahtxe vai. lie with legs crossed. This is not legs crossed near the ankle, but where one leg
is arched over the other. -htxvhahtx. He's lying with his legs crossed. BodyPartMedial: haht.
-htxvhe'onaa'e vai. sit with arms crossed. -htxvhe'onaa'e. He's sitting with his arms crossed.
BodyPartMedial: -he'on. Notes (Phonology) vs
-htxves'
vai. cross BodyPartMedial: -s.
(one's own) fingers.
-htxves'o.
He crossed his fingers.
-htxvkhtaa'e
vai. Medial: -(hk)ht.cross one's (own) legs (sit with or process??). htxvkhtaa'e He crossed his legs. Notes (Phonology) vs
-htxvks' vai. cross fingers. -htxvks'o. He crossed his (own) fingers. -htxvhon vai. cross hands repeatedly during handgame guessing; make sign of the cross. htxvhne. He's crossing his hands back and forth during handgame guessing. Usage: loan transl. for sign of the cross?. See: -htxnaesetse.
htxovmota
ni. scissors (single htxt.Pl: htxovmotahtse.
pair).Literally: crosscut-knife.
See: mota;
motke;
-htxovstonem vta. crisscross lay s.o. Naa nhe'e he'ama m'hk-htxovstonemhevovhe.

And then on the top they would crisscross (little willows). [1987:266]
htse-
pv. fail to, cannot, unable. -htseasvho'hva. He couldn't get the engine started. htsemotme. He had trouble breathing. This preverb conjoins with a preceding pv. taome- to
create the meaning 'simply cannot (for example, there is no explanation for it), producing some idiomatic constructions, such as those in this entry. taom-htshestovotse. He's so foxy that all he lacks is ears (lit. With difficulty he has his own ears). taom-htsexo'sotse. He's terribly angry (for example, red in the face, furious, maybe hopping up and down with anger; lit. he is so angry he almost caught fire ??). taom-htshestsevvee. He's so evil (= like a devil; lit. He just can't have horns(?)). taom-htsenome. He simply can't sleep. (for example, there's no explanation for it; so, for example, we had to stay on with him to keep him company). vti: -hsan; vai: -htssan. See: tne-; sa-; me'-; me'-h'ke-; -hto'ee. Etymology: cf. O aano(N).
htse- i. fail, cannot; unable. Nmse x-htsenothoono. It was difficult for him to kill him. [1980:44:92] -hotseh
vai. bribe s.o. for example, to slip someone money to buy s.o.'s vote in an election. hotsehho. He bribed him. vai: -hotsehev. See: -hotsehe.
-hotsehe vai. give a present to gain favor of someone. for example, a kind of peace offering given to a
girlfriend or spouse. -hotsehe. He gave a present to gain her favor. Nto'sh-hotsehe. I'm gonna go give a present to gain favor of my girlfriend. m's-hotsehe. He ran out of peace offerings. vta: -hotseh. See: -hotsehev; -hotsnov; Otsmh'e.
-hotsehev
vai. bribe. for example, to slip someone money to buy his vote in an election. hotsehva. He bribed. vta: -hotseh. See: -hotsehe.
-htsha'xe vai. buck (esp. of a horse). -htsha'xe. He bucked. Usage: -htsha'xe seems to be the
most common pronunciation today..Variant: -htsha'xe; -htha'xe.
htsha'xvo'ha na. bronc.Literally: bucking-horse. Variant: htha'xvo'ha. -hotse'eme vti. job out; assign work on something. N-hotse'eme. I assigned s.o. to work on it. See: hotse'ohe; -hotse't; -hotset.
-hts'ha vai. unable to fly. -hts'ha. He is unable to fly. hots'o na. worker. vai: -hotse'ohe.Pl: hotse'ono. Obviative: hotse'ono. -hotse'ohe
vai. work. -hotse'ohe. He's working. vstotse'hm. Etymology: *a0oxkye:wa. vta: -hotse'hevomotah; fai: -otse'ohe. See: -
-hotse'he't vti. work on s.t. -hotse'h'ta. He worked on it (for example, a belt). Usage: loan transl.?. -hotse'he'tov
vta. work on s.o. See: hotse't. -hotse'he'tovho He worked on him (for example, dress). Usage: loan transl.?.
-hotse'hhtse vai. work about. -hotse'hhtse. He's working about.
-hotse'he'e vai. work standing. See: <a
K-k
Khamhta'soma na. Short Shadow ?? name of an important nsemoo'o 'familar'. khmxe
ni. stick (esp. firewood stick). for example, for firewood; smaller piece of wood than mxe.Pl: khamxstse. AltPl = khamxehtse ?? Oblique: khamxhva, khamxva. See: khamxvstonane; xamaekhmxstse.
Khamxh'e na. Stick Woman. khamx-mhko ni. board shack. khamxve'ho'ome ni. board tent. has a wooden frame and tent covering. Khamxvehthe na. Woodenlegs. -khamxvstnan vai. do carpentry. -khamxvstnne. He's doing carpentry. khamxvstnanhe na. carpenter.Pl: khamxvstnanheo'o. -khamxven vai. have consumption; tuberculosis. possibly partial transliteration from English
'consumption'. -khamxvne. He has consumption/T.B.Literally: wooden-chest. Medial: on. See: -khaneohts.
Khamxveo'o na. Woodenthigh.Literally: wooden-rump. khamxvetoo'o ni. wooden dish.Variant: khamx-vetohko. Khamxvo'khanhe na. Dutch person.Literally: wooden-shoe person. Pl: Khamxvo'khanheo'o. khan- i. tired. -khanahe vai. be unergetic. -khanahe. He is unergetic. Antonym: -nhahkahe. See: -kvahe. -khana'xe vai. tired from jerking. -khana'xe He is tired from jerking. See: -hana'xe. -khanehe vai. close. -khanehe. He's close. For example, he's close to the family. -khann vai. lazy faced, tired faced. -khanne. He has a tired face. -khaneohe vai. approach; come close. -khaneohe. It's getting close. [jwa] -khaneohts vai. approach; come close. Nhe'e mhne'e-khaneohtshevhe. Then he must have
been coming close. [Croft 1988:29:9] Nstav'-khaneohtsme! Keep your distance! (said to children, when they were to keep their distance from a ceremony). See: -hhane'ov.
-khaneohts vai. have tuberculosis.Literally: tired-go. -khanehtse. He has tuberculosis (T.B.). See: khaneotse; -khamxven; -khaneohts.
khaneohts-heseots-mh'o ni. sanitarium.Literally: tuberculosis-medicine-house. -khanoohe vai. come back quickly; approach very closely. -khanoohe. He came back quickly. -khaneotse vai. tired. See: -khaneohts; mhove-. -khaneotse. He is tired. N-khaneotsehe? Are
you tired? N-khaneotse. I'm tired. Ne-khaneotsehe? Are you tired yet? Ne-khaneotse. I'm tired already. Nsa'-khaneotshe. I'm not tired yet.
-khaneots'ham vai. have tired horse(s). -khaneots'hme. His horse(s) is/are tired. -khaneotsvn vai. tired face. -khaneotsvne. He has a tired face. -khanee vai. lie lazy. -khane. He's lying (there) lazy. See: -n'tsee. -khanvomhtahe vai. feel sluggish. -khanvomhtahe. He feels sluggish. Khaveesen'e na. Purse Woman. Khavo'seon'e na. (woman's name).
Khavhe'o na. Limberhand. Contracted: 'kavhe'o. Khe''o na. Short Pipe Woman. Belle Rouse's name. See: he'ohko; He'on'e. Khso na. Standing Tired. khkse
p. near; close. kahkse tsnxho'eohtsvse close they came. Synonym: 'e.
[1987:53]
'e khkse close.
khko- i. thin, flat. khkoestse'he na. thin shirt. -khke' vti. 1 squash s.t. -khk'a. He squashed it. See: -khkon'o.
2 press it (accelerator) hard. that is, drive fast. Usage: fig.. Nma'xe-khk'a. I really drove fast (lit. made it go flat, the foot pedal). [dlb 4/28/94] Usage: said to be a Birney idiom.
Khkmsta na. Flat Belly. -khkon vai. have a thin face. -khkone. He has a thin face. Khkn'e na. Flat Faced Woman. khkoeeseo'o ni. headdress ornament. tied to the base of a feather which is on the head of a dancer; it
hangs down the back of the dancer from the feather. See: ma'eeseo'o roach.
-khkoeotse vai. vii. become flat. -khkoeotse. It (or he) became flat. Hestse'kono -khkoeotho. His
tire(s) is/are flat.
Khkoestsatane na. Flathead (Indian).Literally: flat-headed-person. Pl: Khkoestsataneo'o. -khkoee vai. lie flat. -khkoe. He's lying flat. for example, of a deflated basketball. khkoe'hno na. thin cloth. used in bed fixtures of altar of Sun Dance.Literally: thin-material. Notes
(Phonology) shortened to koe'hno
khkoe'honnevoesttse na. thin cloth dress. khkoe'honnevo'khantse ni. canvas moccasins. See: mo'keha. khkoetohko
ni. plate.Literally: flat-container. See: v'e'so'hesttse.Pl: khkoethkontse.
seems
more
generic
than
v'e'so'hesttse.
khko(n)- i. thin. -khkonahe vai. flat. -khkonahe hohtsemo. The ball is flat (that is, it needs air). vii: -khkon. -khkna'xe vai. speed. for example, to speed in a race car. -khkna'xe. He's speeding. -khkoneax vti. cut thin s.t. N-khkonexa. I cut it thin. khkoneonestse'he na. thin shirt. -khkon vii. thin. This refers to being thin in thickness, not body build. It is used, for example, of
buckskin. -khkno. It is thin. vai: -khkonahe. See: -thkona'he; -shkomahe.
-khkonse
vai. travel fast.Literally: thin-hang. Usage: fig.. -khkonse. He's hanging thin. See: khkon'a'xe.
-khkon'a'hahts vti. throw s.t. so it sails through the air.Literally: flat-throw. refers to something
sailing flat for example, a plate, cap, or Frisbee. -khkon'a'hhtse. He threw it and it sailed through the air.
-khkon'a'ham
vta. throw s.o. so it speeds through the air.Literally: flat-throw. Usage: fig.. Khkon'a'hamameha! Pitch him a speed ball!
-khkon'a'xe vai. travel fast. Usage: fig., an idiom. -khkon'a'xe. He's traveling fast. -khkon'ee vii. cut thin; sliced thin. ts-khkon'ee ho'vohktse steak (lit. meat which is cut thin).
-khkon'ee. It is thin cut.
-khkon'ex vti. cut s.t. thin; slice s.t. thin. for example, to cut a steak thin. -khkon'xa. He cut it
thin.
-khkono' vai. 1 sit with squinted eyes. -khkon'o. He's sitting with his eyes squinted. See: khe'.
2 fig., drive fast. As an idiom for driving fast, this word refers to a driver looking forward intently with squinted eyes. Nnxhove-khkon'o. I needlessly drove fast here. Usage: said to be a Busby idiom. Notes (Phonology) vs
khknshe na. bedbug. Usage: od. Holliman Spelling: ga gon ssi.Pl: khknsheo'o. See: hexva'e. -khkonvo'ee vai. thinly covered. -khkonvo'e. He is thinly covered. Antonym: -tnovvo'ee. -khkova''h vta. 1 flatten s.o. quickly. vti: khkova''ts.
2 throw the book at s.o.; give s.o. a stiff fine. Usage: fig.. N-khkova''ho. I threw the book at him. -khkova''heo'o. They were given stiff fines.
-khkova''ts
vti. flatten s.t., crush s.t. -khkova''tse. He flattened it. vta: -khkova''h. See: khkovan.
-khkovan vti. make s.t. thin, flatten s.o. -khkovna. He made it thin. -khkovane. It is flattened
(for example, bread dough). vta. make s.o. thin, flatten s.o. -khkovanho. He made him thin. -khkovaneo'o. They were flattened.
-khkvax vti. cut thin s.t. N-khkvxa. I cut it thin. Antonym: -tnovax. khkvaxemh'o ni. frame house.Literally: (boards) cut thin house. See: oomhonmh'o. khkvax'o na. board.Pl: khkvaxeono. See: khmxe; oomhoo'o; maxe. -khose vai. hang close. esp. of the setting sun, close to evening. -khose. He is hanging close.
ta-khose e'he. It is near sunset. See: -ka'ose.
-khoeem vta. splatter s.o. to something; stick s.o. to something. -khoeemho. He splattered him to
(it). It is possible that -khoeem and -phoeem are just different pronunciations of words that mean the same. See: -phoeem.
-khohta'han vai. tell a short story, short story - tell a. -khohta'hne. He told a short story. -kho'ne' vai. step up. that is, lift your foot to go up a step. -kho'n'e. He stepped up. -khoma'en vti. shorten the distance of s.t. M=n-khoma'enhhe. You must have shortened the
distance to it (used colloquially, for instance, to tell someone that their frequent travels to a certain place have brought that place "closer" to those who live in Cheyenne country).
-khonean have s.t./s.o. on a short rope.

vti. -khonena. He continually watched it. vta. have s.o. on a short rope; watch s.o. continually, closely watch s.o. Usage: fig.; loan transl.. -khoneanho. He continually watched him / he kept close tabs on him / he shortened the rope on him. Usage: humorous word when used figuratively.
-khonoo'e vai. sit close. -khonoo'e. He sat close. fai: -noo'e. ka'- i. short. -ka'ahe vai. short, stubby. -ka'ahe. He's short/stubby. ka'a'eto'hamesttse ni. small harness. See: tva'eto'hamstottse. -ka'a''e vai. hold head up. -ka'a''e. He's holding his head up. for example, a baby or a snake
that is ready to strike.Literally: short-head-stand. fai: -. Notes (Phonology) vs
ka'a'vetohko ni. curved spout tea kettle.Literally: short-head-container ??. -ka'a'hahts vti. jerk up s.t. -ka'a'hhtse. He jerked it up. -ka'a'ham
vta. jerk up s.o., make s.o. jump. -ka'a'hamho. He made him jump. Reduplicated: kok'a'ham. vai. step over s.o. ohksa-ka'a'n'e'theheo'o. They (esp. medicine men) are not stepped over.
-ka'a'n'e'tov
-ka'a' vai. jump. See: -ka'a'xe. nhthxove-ka''o I'll jump across (1987:276). Final: -a'. -ka'a'xe
vai. jump (single jump). -ka'a'xe. He jumped (a single jump). Nth-ka'a'xmne! Let's highjump/jump hurdles! Reduplicated: -kok'a'xe; Final: -a'xe. See: -ka'a'.
ka'a'xhe
na. flea.Literally: jumper. Obviative: ka'a'xheho.
Pl: ka'a'xheo'o.
ka'a'xheono
fleas
(alternate
plural).
Ka'e na. (woman's name or nickname). ka'e- pv. short. ka'eese short nose (person). ka'kne child (short mind?). ka'n-htame bulldog (lit.
short faced dog).
K'ee'se na. Pug Nose. ka'ees na. pugnose. Usage: teasting epithet. -ka'ees vai. pugnosed. -ka'ese. He has a pug nose. ka'eeshotame na. cat. See: pso. Usage: obsolescent; newer term is pso.Literally: short-nosed-"dog". ka'eeshotamso na. young cat, kitten. Usage: archaic. ka'estse'he na. jacket.Literally: short-shirt/jacket. -ka'hahta' vai. lift paw (or foot). -ka'haht'o He lifted his paw. as a dog might do. Ka'ho'homo'e na. Short Sioux. See: Ho'homo'e. ka'emesttse
ni. 1 purse, Pl: ka'emstottse. 2 budget.
handbag, pouch.
See: -mesttse;
v'e'mesttse.Literally: short-bag.
-ka'en vti. vta. make s.t./s.o. shorter. -ka'enho. He made him shorter. can be said of someone who
pulls their pants up to wade through water.
-ka'ena'v' vai. Medial: -na'v.bend arm. -ka'ena'v'o He bent (his) arm.Literally: short-arm-?. -ka'n vai. short face. -ka'ne. He has a short face.Variant: -ka'vn. ka'nhtame na. 1 bulldog. Usage: md.
2 cat. Usage: od.Literally: short-faced-dog.
-ka'ent vta. sew s.o. shorter. for instance, to shorten a dress. -ka'enoto. She shortened him. ka'ene na. child. Usage: rare in this form.Variant: ka'kne. Pl: ka'eneho. K'staestse vai. Short. -ka'stahe vai. short. Usage: less commonly used than -the'kstahe. See: -the'kstahe. K'sth'hhe na; Short Woman. ka'kn'esttse ni. children's drink, Grass of Parnassus. Final: -as'e. ka'kne na. child.Pl: ka'kneho. Obviative: ka'kneho; Possessive: -ka'knhame. See: ka'ene; nso.
Ka'kne hvhonevstse vai. Chief Child. -ka'knhame na. child (poss.). said of someone who is not a biological child to the "possessor".
na-ka'knhame my child. na-ka'knhamo my children. he-ka'knhamo his child(ren). IndepNoun: ka'kne. See: -nso.
ka'knhasstse voc. children! typically said by a chief to his people. See: ka'kne child. ka'kneho tsohkho'emvhtse vta. juvenile judge.Literally: children the.one.who.judges.them. -ka'knmne vai. pretend to be a child, act like a child. -ka'knmne. He is pretending to be a
child/he is acting like a child.
-ka'knemaov vta. act as a child to s.o. This esp. refers to when a baby gets used to someone, like a
non-family members, so much that he takes advantage of his new attachment to her, thinks he can get by with anything with her. The old ladies used to smile when a baby would act like this, partly because they knew it meant the baby was getting braver, going to other people and, to use an English expression, "wrapping them around his finger.". -ka'knemaovho He is acting as a child to her, taking advantage of his child relationship to her.
-ka'knsth vai. childish. -ka'knstha. He's childish.Literally: child-hearted. -ka'kneveestse vai. child talk. for example, how children talk, children's conversation.
-ka'kneveeh vta. treat s.o. as a child, patronize s.o. for example, of Cheyenne treatment by the BIA.
-ka'kneveehho. He treats him like a child. -ka'kneveeheo'o. They are treated like
children.
Ka'kneveho na. Little Chief.Literally: child-chief. See: Ka'kone hvehonevstse. -ka'knevn vai. child face. -ka'knvne. He has the face of a child. -ka'knevsan vai. dress as a child. -ka'knvsne. He's wearing children's clothing. fai: -san2. ka'eto p. close. See: kahkse. -ka'ev'se vai. have a short tail. -ka'ev'se. He has a short tail. BodyPartMedial: -hev's. Ka'ev'ho'e na. Short Whiteman. name for a half-breed man. -ka'vn vai. short face.Variant: -ka'ne. Ka'vshe na. Stump Horn. ka'hohtsvhom'hesttse ni. Stump Dance. ka'ho'tse ni. stump. refers to a naturally occurring stump for example, a tree broken off by wind;
can also refer to a stumpy tree, short, for example, from odd growth. Pl: ka'hotsstse. ka'hottse may be preferred pl.Pl: ka'hotseto. this pl. is anim. and may refer to a still alive stumpy tree? AltPl = ka'hottse Notes (Phonology) vs
-k'havee vai. pout lying. can even be of animals as well as people. -k'havse. He's pouting lying. Ka'kshoohtsstse na. Short Tree. Ka'kstaestse vai. Short. See: K'staestse. Ka'ksth'hhe na. Short Woman. ka'kso na. little child; toddler. Usage: typically a nickname; also term of endearment; colloq.; baby
talk.Variant: ka'khe. Pl: ka'kesono. See: ka'kne; ka'ene; kts'kso; m'ksstse.
ka'khe na. little child; toddler. Usage: baby talk.Variant: ka'kso. -ka'oest
vai. wear a short dress. -ka'osta. She has on a short dress. Final: -oest1; Antonym: tshe'stoest.
-ka'o'hth vai. wear short pants. for example, shorts, or cutoffs, or pants rolled up. -ka'o'htha.
He is wearing short pants. -ka'o'hthao'o. They are wearing short pants. e'ththa.
[GO 8/95]
See: -
k''e ni. pistol.Pl: ka''stse. Oblique: k'o'va. See: ma'aetn'e. Etymology: cf. Ar kok[uy 'gun'. ka'o've'hano'tse ni. holster. See: mth'e; v'hano'tse.Literally: pistol-sheath. -ka'o'n'e'tov
vta. step over s.o. See: -ho'ne'e. -ka'o'n'e'tovho. He stepped over him. ohksaka'o'n'e'theheo'o. They (medicine men) are not stepped over. (that is, do not step over their
legs).
-ka'sem vta. tell a short story about s.o. See: -hsem; -the'kstseme. -ka'seme It (or he) is told
short (for example, the story is short).
-ka'ovse vai. have short hair. -ka'ovse. He has short hair. BodyPartMedial: -ovs. knhts'e p. still, yet, and then some, even more. naa knhts'e hne mato mstano'=ta'se= and yet
that also-- (1987:143). See: e-; knome-.
-knom'an vai. talk without sense; talk meaninglessly. Ne-knom'aneha! Just let him say what he
wants to say (even if it's bad). fai: -'an.
-knoma'e vii. doesn't matter, be excess, left over, have no special use. -knoma'e It doesn't matter ;
there is nothing to it ; so what! See: -knomeotse.
knome-
pv. although, needlessly, for nothing. -knomhomhtahe. although he is sick. nknometshsenestse even though I talk Cheyenne. -knometoo'ehe. He's in jail for nothing. Nsaphvhne'enhe tshsenstsesttse noh-knometshsenestse I don't know the Cheyenne
language well, even though I talk Cheyenne (1987:237; said by a fluent Ch. speaker: such modesty or self-deprecation is often found in the speech of Che7enne speakers). See: oh-; vhtome-; -knomeotse.
-knomeotse vai. vii. be left out; be left over; be left behind; be extra; have no chance. esp. used when
leaving a card game; also used, for example, of someone who cannot get on a bus because all the seats are full, so this person is left out. N-knomeotse I'm just out of the game/I don't have a chance. -knomeotse. It (or he) is left over / left out. See: -ntseotse; -ntheotse; -he'eotse; momotoeotse; -m'seotse; -o'hmeotse.
-knom vii. be worthless. See: -hov'heve. ms-knomhanhe It was just all for nothing/worthless. -knom'an vai. say worthlessly. 'e-knom'ne. He is just talking (it doesn't count).
fai: -'an.
[1987:198]
ks- i. short. ksepv. i. short; close. Mosee-kseoesthoehevhe. It must have shot her really up close. (Croft 1988:30:23). Reduplicated: kokse-. 2 Close Woman. Translation of this proper name is uncertain.
Ks'e na. 1 little girl. See: kts'e; kse'ehe.Variant: ks'kso. Usage: colloq. term of endearment. kse'he na. young woman; teenage girl. Masculine: ksovahe.Pl: kse'eheho. Obviative: kse'eheho.
See: kso'ee'e kettle.
-kse'ehheve kse'ehso
vai. be a young woman. -ekse'ehheve. She has become a woman; she is

[1987:254]
pubescent.
na. young teenage girl.Pl: kse'ehesono. AltPl = kse'ehsoneho (1987:288) Obviative: kse'ehesono. See: ksovahso.
-kse'ehsonheve
vai. be a young teenage girl. M'e-kse'ehsonhevhhe. She was a young
teenager. [1987:254]
kse'eh-ve'ho''e na. young white woman. ks'kso na. little girl.Variant: kts'so. Pl: ks'ksno. See: kts'e. -kse'xove vii. be a short time. -kse'xove. It is a short time. -kse'xveohts vii. time run out. -kse'xvhtse. Time is running out; it's almost time. kse'xvva p. for a short time. See: nenve'xvva. -kssth vai. short-tempered.Literally: short-hearted. -ksstha. He is short-tempered. Antonym: ohnovahe.
kseto p. short time, in a short time. -ks vii. close; near. -kso. It's close. Antonym: -ha'es. See: 'e; kahkse. ksso na. little boy. See: ksestse. a term of endearment. ksstse
na. little boy. See: ksso; ka'kso; kshso; kts'e; ksovhe. Usage: slang; term of endearment; child talk.
kshso na. little boy. Usage: colloq. term of endearment. See: ksstse. kso'ee'e
na. kettle; crock, large jug. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: kso'eeho. Obviative: kso'eeho; Diminutive: kso'eke. See: kse'he.
kso'eke na. jug.Pl: kso'keho. Obviative: kso'keho; Non-diminutive: kso'ee'e. ksovhe

na. young man.Pl: ksovaheho. Obviative: ksovaheho; Diminutive: ksovahso. compresses to Kovhe for proper name. Contracted: Kovhe. Feminine: kse'he.
-ksovahhame na. young man (poss.). na-ksovahhame my young man. IndepNoun: ksovhe. ksovahhasstse voc. young men! ksovahso na. pre-teenager. See: kse'eheso. ksovahsne na. male teenager.Pl: ksovahsoneho. Non-diminutive: ksovhe. -ksxe'ohe vii. written short. for example, something written which is a short piece. -ksxe'ohe. It
is written short.
kts'e
na. little girl. See: ks'e; endearment.Pl: ktse'eo'o.
ksestse;
kshso.
Usage: slang;
colloq.
term
of
kts'kso na. little girl. See: ka'kso.Pl: kts'ksno. Variant: ks'kso. -kvahe vai. lack energy. -kvahe. He has no energy. See: -khanahe. Kvhtse na. Drooping Mouth. -kva'ee'e vai. sit with head hanging down. for instance, sitting discouraged. -kva'ee'e. He is sitting
with his head hanging down. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -'kava'ee'e; -ma'ksta'ee'e; -hosstse'ee'e.
-kva''e vai. stand with head down. Horses do this, as well as people. -kva'oeo'o. They are
standing with heads down.
kv(e)-
pv. i. down. 'sad' component probably derived from core meaning. -kvetno. He is downhearted/he is upset. Kvn'e Sad Faced (a dog's name). vai. have limp penis.Literally: down-penis-stand. -kvhos'e. His penis is limp. Antonym: -he'konhos'e; Medial: -hos; fai: -. Usage: vulgar.
-kvhos'e
-kve'hahe vai. weak voice. -kve'hahe. He has a weak voice. -kvn vai. sad face.Literally: droop-faced. -kvne. He has a sad face. Kvn'e Sad Faced (a dog's
name).
-kve'e vai. stand drooped. -kve'e. He's standing drooped. -kveotse vai. become depressed. -kveotse. He is depressed. See: -kvetan. kavse p. down. See: anheto; hme-; htno'e. -kvetan vai. dejected. -kvetno. He is dejected. See: -novetan. -kvoena'tov vta. plead with s.o. in prayer, pray pleading with s.o. -kvoena'tovho. He pleaded with
him. See: -momhtsem; -hn.
-kvoneoe't vai. hang loose (of ropelike object). -kvoneoe'too'o hevaho. The rope is hanging loose. Kvo'e na. Slouching Woman. -kvoo'e vai. slouch.Literally: down-sit. -kvoo'e. He's slouching. Final: -oe; Initial: kav-. -kvoom
vta. beg from s.o. -kvoomho. He's begging him (for something, such as food). See: kvoena'tov; -momhtsem.
-kavo'ta vai. barren (of a woman). -kavo'ta. She is barren. An apparent synonym, more commonly
known, is satnhensonhhe 'she cannot have child(ren)'.
keeso na. puppy. Usage: colloq.; baby talk. Notes (Phonology) probably derived from oekso 'dog' AltPl =
akesonoPl: kesono. Obviative: kesono.
Khanhe na. Slit Eyes, Squint Eye, Chinese.Literally: slit-eyed-AGNTVZR. proper name as well as
one of the words for a 'Chinese person'.Pl: Khanheo'o. See: Hesto'tonhve'ho'e; Nma''o'tonhve'ho'e.
Khan'e na. Squint Eye Woman. -khanevo'tonohe vai. have a Chinese braid. -khanevo'tonohe He has a Chinese (lit. slanteyed)
braid.Literally: slit-eyed-braided.
Khem'hne na. Coyote Appearing. Might be a contraction of 'khme hm'hnstse; this was
the nickname for Jim Blackwolf, Sacred Hat Keeper, who died April 1998.
ke'ehe
na. grandma. See: nke'ehe; mmhe. Usage: baby talk and colloquial, affectionate term. Notes (Phonology) short for nke'ehe
K'hshn'stse vai. Standing Plume. Notes (Phonology) first part of word is shortened from a'k'hso -k'khonn vai. pound meat. See: -k'koh. -k'khonne. She's making pounded meat. k'khonoo'o ni. pounded meat.Variant: t'khonoo'o. -k'kan vti. soften s.t., fluff up s.t. -k'kna. He shredded it so it is fluffy. k'ksottse ?? ni. a medicinal plant.
-k'kea'ona'x vai. dance 49er dance. refers to keeping time to music by repeatedly bending knees
while standing listening to music; esp. of women. -k'kea'on'xe. She danced a 49er dance. See: -a'on (relationship??).
-ke'keotse vai. looking out on toes. Nhe'e stxaetee-ke'keotshoo'o. Then he was on his toes
(looking out). [1987:276]
-k'koh
vti. pound s.t. esp. the process for making pounded meat from drymeat. -k'kha. She pounded it. -k'kohe. It is pounded.
-k'ko'a'xe vai. rock. for example, in a rocking chair. -k'ko'a'xe. He's rocking. See: -vvaahe. k'ko'a'xmeeno na. rockers. Usage: neologism. k'ko'hom'hesttse ni. bob dance. women's bobbing (at the knees) in one place dance. kmena na. dentalium shell. used in making shell dresses.Pl: kmeonhne. Obviative: kmeonhne. -kmeonhevoest vai. wear a dentalium shell dress. -kmeonhevosta She wore a dentalium shell
dress.
kmeonhevoesttse na. shell dress. Keta'e na. Small Woman. translation uncertain. See: -tketa. Notes (Phonology) may be shortened form
of Tketa'e 'Small Woman'
ketaehe na. boy. endearing name. Usage: od. Holliman Spelling: gi di. See: m'ksstse. Kev'se na. (man's name). -kea'on'ov
vta. kick s.o. in the shin(s). N-kea'on'ova He kicked me in the shin(s). BodyPartMedial: -a'on. kea'onxe. He bumped his shin.
-kea'onxe vai. bump shin. either get bumped or kicked by someone or bump into something. -kehahtxe vai. bump foot. -kehahtxe. He bumped his (own) foot. Kh'e na. Flat Hat Woman. translation uncertain. See: hhkha'e; khko(e)-. -ke'e vai. bump butt. -ke'e. He bummped his (own) butt. -ke'hahe vai. have a high voice. possibly refers to a high ringing voice. See: -vhpe'hahe. -ke'hahe.
He has a high voice. Final: -'hahe.
-kemeno'e vii. frigid, very cold.Literally: popping-berry-?. Notes (Phonology) not vs said to mean 'it is
popping cold'. Usage: humorous. -kemeno'e. It is very cold/it is "popping" cold. word comes from the sound of trees etc. popping from the cold, heard in the crisp cold air. See: koomen'e; -v'hkemenoo'o; -pnoht.
ke(n)- i. hit (with something). -kena'ehe vai. hit on the head; bump on the head. -kena'ehe. He got hit (bumped) on the head.
See: -kena'h(n).
-kena'h(n) vta. hit s.o. on the head; bump s.o. on the head. -kena'ehno. He hit him on the head.
N-kena'hestse. I bumped myself on the head. Reduplicated: -k'kona'h(n).
-kena'ee vai. fall and hit head. -kena'e. He slipped and hit his head. See: -hes'xeoha'ee. -kenstane vai. bump knee. N-kenstane. I bumped my knee. -kehtxe vai. bump leg. -kehtxe He bumped his leg. -kestsa'ov vta. bump head of s.o. -kests''e. He/They (obv) bumped him on the head. See: kna'h(n).
-kestsxe vai. hit head, bump head. This is to bump one's head on something, for example, a lowhanging branch of a tree. See: -kna'e. -kestsxe. He hit his (own) head (on something).
-kests'oonxe vai. bump elbow. See: -kna'e; -pne. -kests'oonxe. He bumped his elbow.
Medial: -hts'oon.
koe'hno na. cloth. Notes (Phonology) contracted from khkoe'hno 'thin cloth'; 'hno by itself means
'garter'Pl: koe'honono. pl. means 'rags'.
-koe'honnemeho't vii. smell of burnt cloth. -koe'honnemeh'ta It smells like burnt cloth. -kekhtxe vai. bump leg. See: -kehtxe. -kekhtxe He bumped his leg. Kheso na. (name). Khenaa''e na. Bear Doctor Woman. Non-contracted: Nhkhenaa''e. Khenahke na. (man's name). Khenon'e na. Bear Sings Woman. Non-contracted: Nhkhenon'e. Khe'e na. Bear Stands Woman. Non-contracted: Nhkhe'e. Kheoso na. Bear Claws. a woman's name. Notes (Phonology) short for Nhkhs'e or perhaps Nhkhese khkonh'o ni. bread.Variant: khkonh'o. Pl: khkonheontse. khkonh'o
ni. bread. Usage: more common pronunciation khkonh'o.Variant: khkonh'o. Diminutive: khkonheonso. Notes (Phonology) vs
than
-khkonheonan
bread.
vai. make bread. See: khkonheo'o; -pho'san. -khkonheonne She made
khkonheonanhe na. baker. See: khkonheonanve'ho'e. khkonheonan-mh'o ni. bakery.Literally: bread-making-house. khkonheonanve'ho''e na. baker (female).Literally: bread-making-white.woman. khkonheonanve'ho'e na. baker.Literally: bread-making-whiteman. khkonheonso
ni. 1 little bread. some may use this for 'cookie'. See: v'keekhkonheo'o. Nondiminutive: khkonheo'o. 2 cracker. Usage: od.Pl: khkonheonsontse.
Khmh'e na. Coyote Woman. Non-contracted: O'khomh'e. Khpehe Variant: Kopehe. kokahkse p. Non-reduplicated: kahkse.every once in awhile. See: totne'e; totsa'e. Notes (Phonology)
redup
-kok'a'ham vta. make s.o. jump repeatedly. Notes (Phonology) redup -kok'a'hamho. He made him
jump repeatedly. See: -kok'a'xe. Non-reduplicated: -ka'a'ham.
-kok'a'xe
vai. jump repeatedly; hop. This entry refers to repeated jumps, rather than several individual jumps. -kok'a'xe. He jumped (repeated jumps). Nth-kok'a'xmne! Let's skip rope/jump on a trampoline! Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -ka'a'xe.
-kok'eohts vai. walk friskily; caper; prance. can be said of a horse. -kok'ehtse. He walks/goes
friskily. [pd210]
-kok'o'ha'eohts
vai. bob while walking; march or step as a majorette. -kok'o'ha'ehtse He's bouncing/bobbing as he walks. Non-reduplicated: kse-. See: totne'e.
kokse- pv. at short intervals. -koksemsehe. He ate in short intervals. [PD617] Notes (Phonology) redup kokhaxa na. chicken.Variant: kokhaxa. -kok'ahe vai. muscular, strong. -kok'ahe He is a strong (muscular) person. Synonym: -he'konahe;
Antonym: -mkeetshest. See: -kok'oo'e.
-kok'oeto vai. be muscular. Nosee-kok'oeto You're really muscular. -kok'oo'e vai. muscular; buffed. -kok'oo'e. He's got big muscles. -kok'oeo'o. They are muscular.
Notes (Phonology) vs See: -kok'ahe; -popkhoee.
kokhaxa
na. chicken. probably onomatopoeia for a pecking sound.Pl: kokhxne. Obviative: kokhxne; Diminutive: kokhaxaso.Variant: kokhaxa. Old Male Speech: kothxa. vai. have chicken pox. -kokhaxehoseotse He has chicken pox. Usage: partial loan translation.
-kokhaxehoseotse
kokhaxmh'o ni. chicken coop.Literally: chicken-house. kokhaxaso na. chick.Pl: kokhaxesono. Non-diminutive: kokhxa. kokhkono'xhto
ni. legging with See: hhto.Pl: kokhkono'xhthontse.
flat
flap
along
the
outside
edge.
-kokhna' vti. flatten s.t. with one's feet. N-kokhna'antse. I flattened them with my feet. kk'e p. bread (baby talk). See: khkonheo'o. similar in meaning to 'here, eat!'. Usage: baby talk. -kko'ote'e
vai. gulp. that is, noisily swallow while gulping liquid. Notes (Phonology) redup kko'ote'e. He's gulping. See: -k'otshahts.
Ko''e na. Promiscuous Woman. Non-contracted: M'ko''e. See: ka''e pistol. K'ana na. (man's name). K'emese na. Instep-sinew ?? Ko'emeta na. Rolling; Marble (??). Notes (Phonology) shortened from something like hko'eneo'o 'marble'?? Ko'stse na. Dud, Misfire. -k'koehahtxe vai. drum foot. -k'koehahtxe. He's drumming his foot. BodyPartMedial: -haht. -k'koehasen vai. play the seeds-in-basket game. Nto'se-k'koehasenema. We're going to have the
seeds-in-basket game. [seeds-in-basket game - play the]
k'koehasenesttse ni. seeds-in-basket game. The seeds have one marked ?? side. They are shaken in
a basket. The number of seeds are counted which have the marked side facing up. Apparently, mostly women played this game. There is a well-developed vocabulary for use in this game: see -pe'hasen, -hasen, -nhasen, etc.
k'koehaseo'o na. seed (for seed-in-basket game).Pl: k'koehaseono. -k'koehe'onxe vai. drum fingers. -k'koehe'onxe. He's drumming his fingers. BodyPartMedial: he'on.
-k'koehe'onxe vai. drum fingers. -k'koehe'onxe. He's drumming his fingers. K'koemen''e Hackberry Bushes Creek. k'koementse ni. hackberries. Usage: od. Holliman Spelling: go go / min no zi. -k'kva'h vii. jingle. -k'kv'ha. It's jingling. -k'kva' vai. jingle. -k'kv'o. He's making a jingling sound. for instance, the sound of coins
jingling in one's pocket.
-k'kovone
vii. jingle, creak, clang. -k'kovone. It's jingling. Hnov'e ts-k'kovone? What is jingling? Final: -vone.
-k'ko'a'xe vai. rock. -k'ko'a'xe. He's rocking. See: -vvaahe. -k'ko'hasen vai. make noise typing, type making noise. -k'ko'hasne. He's making noise with
his typewriter keys.
k'ko'has'o na. watch, clock.Literally: ticking (thing). onomatopoeic word. Usage: od. This is one of a
few words which are recognized to be used differently by Oklahoma and Montana speakers. There do not seem to be any differences in the morphology of words between the Cheyenne spoken in Montana and Oklahoma. Following is the entire list of words which are known at this point to be different between what are called the Northern and Southern dialects of Cheyenne. (Here, and elsewhere in this dictionary, "od" refers to Oklahoma Dialect, while "md" refers to Montana Dialect) (N.B.: as of January 10, 2004, not all of the following claimed od/md dialectal differences have been verified with sufficient numbers of speakers, especially speakers of od): clock: od: k'ko'haseo'o (onomatopoeic; lit. ticking thing) md: e'he (orig. meaning of 'sun' and continues to mean this in both od and md) apple: od: m'xeme (inanimate); ma'xementse 'apples' md: m'xeme (animate); ma'xemeno 'apples' watermelon: od: mh'o (in md, as well as od, this also has the general meaning of 'melon') md: nx'mvhe (lit. raw eating thing) cucumber: od: hekvemh'o (lit. thorny-melon) md: mata (the same word used for 'peyote'; some md speakers may use hekve-mh'o for 'cucumber', also ??) cat: od: ka'n-htame (lit. shortnosed-dog; the literal meaning may initially sound odd, but historically htame seems to have been semantically extended beyond orig. 'dog', to something like 'small domesticated animal'; cf. kseeshotame 'pig' (lit. sharp-nosed-dog); for md speakers, and perhaps for some od speakers, too, this means 'bulldog') md: pso (we speculate this to be a sound transl. from English 'pussy') pay: od: heotssne
'he got paid' (lit. he's bringing (something) out; refers to bringing money out of the office) md: onnxhemohe 'he got paid' (lit. it was destroyed to him; perhaps refers to destroying an indebtedness) crackers: od: thkonave-khkonheontse (lit. skinny little breads; it is said that od speakers call crackers this, in teasing imitation of the md word) md: mo'hkonave-khkonheontse (lit. dried little breads) potatoes: od: astome-mshstoto (lit. false eating things) md: mshstoto (lit. eating things) He's really a strong Christian (typically said with derision): od: hohestaahe (lit. he-very.much-baptized(?)) md: hohema'henev'ho'eve (lit. he-very.much-holy-whiteman-be) It is said that Oklahoma speakers call a car amho'hhe (animate), while the most common term in Montana is inanimate amho'hesttse, but this has not been verified, as yet, and it would not be surprising to discover that some Oklahoma speakers use the inanimate word for car today. When saying days of the week, Oklahoma speakers begin counting of the 'first day' with Tuesday (and calling Monday the 'end of the holy day'), while Montana speakers start the 'first day' with Monday. The words for 'Saturday' and 'Sunday' are the same in Montana and Oklahoma, so Montana speakers pronounce five days with a number in the term for the day of the week, while Oklahoma speakers only have four. In each case of a dialect word difference which we have listed, speakers from one State understand what speakers from the other State mean when they say one of the words. A fair amount of deal of good-natured joking takes place over such words. For instance, a Northern Cheyenne speaker may teasingly ask a Southern Cheyenne speaker how he pronounces the word for 'cat'. When the answer ka'n-htame is given, laughter occurs. The Northern Cheyenne speaker might say, "Oh, but that means 'short nosed dog'!' Then the Southern Cheyenne speaker might ask (already knowing the answer) what the Northern Cheyenne word for 'cat' is. When he gets the response pso, he has a good laugh. It has been claimed by Moore (1987:99) that Montana speakers refer to 'horse' as mo'hno'ha while Oklahoma speakers refer to a horse as nhttse, literally, 'my pet'. But this claim is incorrect. There is abundant evidence in the fieldnotes of several researchers, whose work spans numerous decades, that both Oklahoma and Montana speakers refer to 'horse' as mo'hno'ha and, likewise, speakers in both areas will sometimes refer to their own horse (or, less generally, a dog or cat) calling it 'my pet'. The difference as to which term will be used is not one of a geographical difference but rather a difference in a speaker's personal intention when he is speaking. vai: -k'ko'ee. See: e'he clock (md).Pl: k'ko'haseono.
-k'ko'sthxe vai. heart beat.Literally: tick-heart-lie. -k'ko'sthxe. His heart is beating. -k'ko'ee vai. tick lying, lie ticking. as of a clock, Okla. dialect. Oklahoma Dialect: . -k'ko'e. He
(clock) is lying there ticking. ne-k'ko'e. IndepNoun: k'ko'has'o. See: -k'ko'hasen. (The clock) stopped (ticking).
-ko'ko'n'ee vai. ride bumpy road. N-ko'ko'n'enme. We had a bumpy ride. -k'ko'onene
vai. teeth chattering. for example, from the cold. BodyPartMedial: -onen. See: nonomose.
-k'ko'ote'e vai. noisily drink; make gurgling sounds while drinking. -k'ko'ote'e He's gurgling
while drinking; making noise while swallowing.
k'kon- i. peck; knock (repeated action). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: kn-. -k'kona'h(n)
vta. hit s.o. on the head; bump s.o. on the head. refers to repeated bumping, or bumping on the heads of more than one person. -k'kona'heo'o. They got hit on the head. Non-reduplicated: -kena'h(n).
-k'kona''ov vta. bump head of s.o. -k'kona''ovhtseo'o. They are bumping their heads into each
other.
-k'konhen vai. knock. -k'konhne. He knocked. Notes (Phonology) redup -k'konohn vta. knock on s.o. with a tool. -k'konhnho. He knocked on him. k'konh'e
na. woodpecker.Literally: pecking(-one). Obviative: k'konho'o. See: vo'kooma.Pl: k'konh'eo'o.
-k'konoht vti. noisily chew s.t. N-k'knhta. You are making noise chewing it. -k'kono'eh vii. bumpy. -k'kono'ha. It's bumpy. for example, of a car on a bumpy road. -ko'kon'hahts vti. make a noise by banging on s.t. -k'kon'hhtse. He's making it go bumpetybump. for example, on a rough gravel road.
-k'kono'ee vai. bounce repeatedly. for example, when riding along on a wagon on a bumpy road. ko'kono'enao'o. They are bouncing along. Non-reduplicated: -kno'ee. Notes (Phonology) redup
-k'konom
vta. chew s.o. noisily. that is, with a knocking sound. Ntao'sema'xe-k'konomtse I'm going to really chew you noisily. (from PEYOTE.TXT). Final: -om. See: -k'otshahts.
-k'kononvose vai. teeth chatter from cold. -k'kononvose. His teeth are chattering from the cold.
BodyPartMedial: -onon.
-k'konsan vai. noisily eat, noisily grind teeth, chomp. -k'konsne. He's chewing noisily. -k'konxe'e'hasen vai. type things. -k'konxe'e'hasne. He's typing things. See: -pe'pe'hasen. -k'konxe'stn vai. type. See: -mxe'stn. -k'konxe'stne. He typed.Literally: peck-write. k'konxe'stnesttse ni. typewriter.Pl: k'konxe'stnstottse. -k'kovan vti. vta. make s.t./s.o. jingle. -k'kovanho. He made him jingle. -k'kovane vai. make crackling noise; jingle. -k'kovane. He made a crackling noise. -k'htseha vii. misfire; dud. -k'htseha. It is a misfire (dud). Ko'ometa na. (man's name). k'ote'e vai. drink noisily. -k'otshahts vti. gulp s.t. that is, swallow food without chewing it. -k'otshhtse. He swallowed
(food) without chewing it. See: -kko'ote'e.
komhe p. a little more, at least, in return, in trade-off, so that. Common (stretched) pronunciation of
kmhe. Some speakers seem to use this as a synonym for nonhpa. Contracted: kmhe. See: nnhpa.
Komaestse na. White. Notes (Phonology) short for V'komaestse kmhe

p. a little more; at least. Notes (Phonology) Often extended to komhe in natural speech. kom=kahkse a little closer. Kmhe tshse=tshhe=hene'hanomeo'o! Wash some more on this side (of your head)! (1987:291). Usage: Some speakers apparently substitute kmhe
for nonhpa in certain contexts. For them, they appear to be nearly exact synonyms. For example, you don't do something so that (kmhe) something else won't happen.. Notes (Phonology) often stretched to kmhe; will cliticize to following word Non-contracted: komhe. See: tke'e.
kme- pv. pitiful, inferior, insignificant. N-kmhestha'ova. He (for example, my grandson) gives me
a feeling of security/he emboldens me (even though he is insignificant, compared to the feeling of security received from a dog or from God). See: komaa'stse; Komaestse.
Kmenh'e na. Pure Woman ?? kn- i. bump, hit. See: p(n)-. Reduplicated: k'kon-. -kna'eh vti. 1 hit head of s.t. -kna'ha. He hit it.
2 hit the nail on the head. Usage: fig., equivalent to the English idiom "hit the nail on the head". N-kna'ha. You hit the nail on the head; you said it exactly the way it is.
-kna'h(n) vta. hit head of s.o., hit s.o. on the head. -kna'ehno. He hit him on the head. See: kna'hnoh(n); -kestsa'ov.
-kna'hnoh(n) vta. hit s.o. on the head, hit head of s.o. -kna'hnhnho. He hit him on the head.
See: -kna'h(n).
-kna''ov
vta. bump head into s.o., headbutt s.o. -kna''ovho. He bumped his head into him. Thohko an'o; n-kna''oo'e. The hammer fell; it hit me on the head.
-kna'mas vta. thump head of s.o., shoot s.o. in the head. -kna'msho. He thumped his head. -kna'e vai. bump head, hit head. See: -pne. -kna'e. He bumped his head. N-kna'e. I
bumped my head.
-kna'ov vta. hit head of s.o. This refers to unintentionally hitting s.o. on the head, unlike -pestsea'ov which
is deliberately hitting s.o. on the head. -kna'vhtseo'o. They hit heads (of each other). See: pestsa'ov.
-knost vii. bell ring.Literally: hit-hang. This word refers to the ringing (hitting) of a bell at a certain
time; the "hanging" final of the verb originates from the telling of time by where the sun "hangs". e-knosta The bell has rung (that is, it's the bell time).
-knhen vai. hit with cracking noise. esp. the sound when a batter hits a ball really well with his bat.
-knhne. He hit with a cracking noise. vta: -knh(n).
-knoh(n) vta. hit s.o. with a cracking noise. esp. refers to when a batter hits a ball (animate) so well
that there is a cracking sound. -knhnho. He hit him (esp. a ball) with a cracking noise.
-knh'e vai. hit with a popping sound. esp. of hitting baseball. -knh'e He hit (something) (and it
made a popping noise and went a long ways).
-knhon vai. hit with a popping sound. -knhne He hit (something) so that it made a popping
sound. Reduplicated: -k'konhon.
-kno'eh vii. hit with a bump. could be said of a heart in arrhythmia. -kno'ha. It hit with bump.
vai: -kno'ee(n).
-kno'ee vai. bounce. for example, bounce on a pothole when riding on a wagon or car. -kno'e He
bounced. -kno'enao'o They bounced. vii: -kno'eh; Reduplicated: -ko'ko'no'ee.
Kno'e na. (woman's name). -knsan

vai. make popping sound with mouth, pop nits with teeth, pop gum. -knsne. She's popping nits with her teeth. This refers to any popping sound made with the mouth, but esp. refers to the popping sound made when people find nits in the hair of others and pop the nits with their mouths. Refers to others poppings sounds made with the mouth such as when popping gum. Knsnstse! Pop your gum!
khe p. pitiful. Nohkev'neva=kohe=hsephvna tshv'hetmto tshv'phva'e I fixed it back up

from pity because it is true, because it is good (1987:104). khe htoanvo'omeotse Poor thing, he's in a pitiful state (1987:268).
Koheso na. Little Standing. koohkva'e na. quail; bobwhite. Etymology: cf. *paxpaxkiwa 'ruffled grouse, partridge' (Pe79.377).
Notes (Phonology) iahPl: koohkov'e. Obviative: koohkov'e.
koht- i. tiny. See: kos-. -kohtahe vai. be tiny. See: -kosn; -nxohtahe. -kohtahe. He's tiny. -kohthtse vai. tiny mouth. -kohthtse. He has a tiny mouth. -kohta'e vii. be tiny. -kohta'e. It's tiny. koom- i. still. komaa'stse p. Poor thing!; You pitiful thing! Usage: can be a teasing word. Koomaestse na. Chaste. vai: -koomahe. See: komaa'stse. -koomahe vai. virtuous. -koomahe. He is virtuous. novsevhete-koomahe. She is trying not to be
loose anymore.
Koomh'e na. Chaste Woman. -koomeneohtseo'o vai. walk close together. for example, rubbing shoulders while walking along
together. -koomeneohtseo'o. They are walking close together. See: -neohts.
-koomen'e vai. stand still. -koomen'e. He stood still. See: -kemeno'e. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: .
Kome'e na. Standing Motionless Woman. -koome'e vai. stand by oneself. -koome'e. He's standing by himself. fai: -. Koomhomo'he na. Dancing By Herself. woman's name. Koomhom'hesttse Chastity Dance. not danced anymore. -koomnoo'e vai. sit with blanket tightly wrapped around. -koomnoo'e. He's sitting with a blanket
tightly wrapped around (himself). fai: -noo'e.
kos- i. tiny. See: koht-. -kosn vai. have a tiny face. -ksne. He has a tiny face. See: -kohtahe. Medial: -n. Ksn'e na. Small Faced Woman. BodyPartMedial: -n. -kosenohe vai. look tiny. -kosenohe. He looks tiny.
-kosenohee'e vai. sit looking tiny. -kosenohee'e. He's sitting looking tiny. koos'o vai. small bread. See: khkonheo'o. Usage: baby talk. Notes (Phonology) vs Kvnhe na. Wet Face. Non-contracted: He'kvnhe. Kpehe na. Kopehe. pronounced with an aspirated ("hard") k so the technical spelling is Khopehe,
said by some to be a sound translation from the English word "coffee". Variant: Khpehe.
ksa na. 1 sheep; goat.Pl: ksne. Obviative: ksne. See: -ksethoo'e; phpe'ksa.
2 Sheep. 3 fig., Great Northern train car. Mns'-thoentse ksa? Are you still riding the goat? (=separated from spouse). Neva-anha'hamaehe ksa? Have you gotten bucked off by the goat? (=reconciled with separated spouse). for the idiom 'ride the goat,' see explanation under kse-thoo'e.
ksestse'he na. sheepskin coat. kseho'eve na. sheep hide. kseho'sta ni. sheep stove. namely, a woodburning camp stove made of heavy tin. Kseo'h'e ni. Sheep River. known today as the Big Horn River.Variant: Ma'xekseo'h'e. ksso na. lamb, little goat.Pl: ksesono. Obviative: ksesono; Non-diminutive: ksa. ksethoe'kso na. little goat rider. a teasing nickname. -kse-thoo'e vai. 1 ride a goat. See: -thoo'e; ksa.
2 fig., be separated from one's spouse. This idiom originated when men would leave their
wives and hop a ride on a Burlington Northern train, which had the logo of a goat on the side of its freight cars. -ksethoo'e. He's riding the goat (= left his wife). Mns'-thoentse ksa? Are you still separated from your spouse (lit. riding a goat)? Usage: humorous. Notes
(Phonology) vs
kseve'ho'e na. shepherd. ksevo'khantse ni. sheepskin moccasins. See: mo'keha. Ksanso vai. Little Bites. See: Ksnstse. Ksnstse vai. Bites. See: Ksanso. kothxa na. chicken. Usage: old man speech.Variant: kokhaxa; kokhaxa. Kovhe na. Youngman. Non-contracted: ksovhe.
'
'-1 pv. epenthetic consonant which occurs to prevent some preverb-final vowels from making contact
with a following vowel; this element always follows sa- 'not' when it precedes a vowel. sa'-ahtomnhe. He didn't listen. (cf. sa-manhe 'He didn't drink.'). See: '-2 past tense.
'-2 pv. past tense. allomorph of /h/ 'past tense' between vowels. '-ahtomnsesto. They were listening
(attrib). See: h- past tense; '-1 epenthetic vowel.
-' fti. fta: -'ov.by foot (or body). vevo'-'a He knocked it over (with his body). '-'a He broke it with
his foot.
-'aht
fti. taste. hohe-'htnvo ho'vohktse They really go for the taste of meat. Nm'-hta I recognized its taste. Non-'hta I tasted it (that is, tested its taste). Nphv-'hta I like its taste. fai: -'sene.
-'ahtse ni. arm, hand, forearm. includes hand and forearm. ma-'ahtse arm.Pl: ma-'htsentse. na-'ahtse
my hand/arm. he-'htsentse his arms. he-'htsenevtse their arms. Medial: -he'on, -na'eva. See: -ahtsen mouth. Etymology: *mexpetwini.
-'a'one ?? ni. shin (poss.). ma-'a'one (ne?) a shin.Pl: ma-'a'ontse. Medial: -a'on; IndepNoun: ve'hkono.
See: -v'ho''one. Etymology: cf. nexkaxkwani 'my shin'.
-'as mbp. belly. See: -tone; -ome. -'sen fai. taste. hmhaehohe'-sne. He used to really drink.
(s.t.) greasy.
[1987:200]
e'om-'sne. He tasted
-'m mbp. snot; mucus; runny nose. -nhe'emshtse. He has a runny nose. -'eme na. snot. ma-'eme snot. he-'emo his snot. ne-'eme your snot. See: -httseeme. Etymology: cf.
*makikwa or akikwa.
-'es mbp. rump, buttocks, anus, arse, ass, butt. hxe-'sn'o bustle (lit. tie.around-buttocks-(thing)).
v'e-'snhesttse pants (lit. enclosed-rump-thing). txe-'sesttse chair (lit. on-rump-sitthing). t'se-'svo'hna. She has high heeled shoes. (lit. long-"rumped"). N'eve's'hameha! Pull your pants up! Nto-'snoo'o. I rear ended them. See: -es nose (med.).
-'es fii. long, length. ha-'so. It's far away. tshe-'so. It's long. -'est1 mbp. ear. ne'-sthtse. He has pain in the ears. -matse'sta. He has infected/running ears.
nke'sta chipmunk (lit. perked-ears).Variant: -'kest1. See: -htovoo'tse ear (poss.).
-'est2 na. female genitalia.Variant: -'kest2. Homonym: -'est ear. -'stahe fai. height, length, high, long. tshe-'stahe. He's tall. -the'kstahe. He is short. hehpe'stahe. He's taller. fii: -'es.
-'v m. wife. hesth'va. He has many wives. ne-'va. He has two wives. ho'hhestan-'va.
He came to court (his lover) under a blanket. tshse-'va. He has a Cheyenne wife. Masculine: -ham.
-'evo ni. nose. ma-'evo a nose. na-'evo my nose.Pl: ma-'evontse. Medial: -es. Etymology: *mexkiwani. -'exa ni. eye. ma-'exa eye. na-'exa my eye. na-'xnstse my eyes. Etymology: *nekiinekwi. Medial: 'xan.Pl: ma-'xnstse. Oblique: ma-'x'e.
-'xan mbp. eye. ot'tave-'xne. He has blue eyes. 'khomheve-'xne. He is sly/he cheats (lit. has
coyote eyes). mom'e-'xne. He has red/bloodshot eyes. mame-'xannahtse. He rubbed his (own) eyes. Stem: -'exa.
-'haentse na. sputum, spit, phlegm. na-'haentse my phlegm. he-'haenoto his sputum. See: -oese'han. -'ha(me) fna. livestock. esp. horses; cattle. originally, for dog, then extended to other domesticated
animals. mo'hno-'ha horse. he'-'hame mare (lit. female-horse). vhpo-'ha white horse. Notes
(Phonology) -me ellides when word-final, for example, in sg.
-'ham fai. livestock. esp. horses; cattle. se'a'ovo-'hme He watered livestock. Nvoneots'me I lost
my herd. Nnomhto-'hme I stole horses.
-'hame na. cross niece (poss.). This is a man's sister's daughter or a woman's brother's daughter. She is
called "niece" when speaking English in the Cheyenne system. na-'hme my cross-niece. n'hame cross-niece (voc.). he-'hameho his cross-niece. tshe-'hamhto the one who is my crossniece. na-'hamasstse cross-nieces (voc.). See: -htnhamone. vai: -he-'hamehe. Etymology: *ne'0emwa ??.
-'honon mbp. popliteal (back of knee). Nstsenon'ke-'hnna. You'll be dirty back of your knees.
(When short skirts came into style, Cheyenne women would tease each other saying this; the dirtiness could be from dust or dirt; the word refers to being streaked as with a dirty streaked face; the connotation could even be (especially was?) of being streaked with urine.).
'heneve fai. be such person. nevtssth'heneve He's a merciful person. man'heneve He's a
drunkard. See: -ve.
-'kest1 mbp. ear.Variant: -'est1. Homonym: -'kest2 female genitalia. -'kest2 na. female genitalia. ma-'ksta vagina. Usage: This variant may be more commonly used than 'est..Variant: -'est2. he-'kstne her genitalia.Pl: ma-'(k)stne. Homonym: -'kest1 ear. See: s'; -x'; -m'ko'seo'o. Etymology: O nikidin my vulva (N).
-'kstan mbp. female genitalia. -ne'kstanhtse She has pain in the genitalia. See: -ah.
-'nh na. older brother (poss. stem). n-'ne your older brother. he-'neho his (or her) older brother(s).
tshe-'nhto the one who is my older brother. na-'neha older brother (common noun and voc.). na-'nhasstse my older brothers (voc.). vai: -he-'nehe. Etymology: *ne'0e:hs-ehs-a my older brother (Go88). See: -meh older sister.
-'ohta
ni. forehead (poss.). ma-'ohta a forehead. M'hkev'netoo'stshhe htshhe he-'ht'e hevhtne. He used to tie his skin up on his forehead. (1987:287). Usage: sg. not commonly used, but obl. fairly well known ??.Pl: ma-'htnstse. Oblique: ma-'ht'e. Etymology:
*meka:htekwi.
-'ht ?? fii. declare s.t. to be . See: -'t ??. -'htan -'om ??

mbp. forehead. Nne-'htanhtse. My forehead hurts. Ho'honeve-'htanhe Stone Forehead (name). ohasve-'htne. He has a shiny forehead. m. hill ?? hes-'ome ridge. tsstov'-oma'ene cut-through hill (esp. for road construction). tsstot'evo-'omno where there are pine trees on the hill (specifically, where Custer was laid to rest). See: -ose; -m. oto. He honored him (lit., called him good). Nhvsvo'-to. ?? I regard him as bad. Nma'henevo'-to. I praise him (declare him to be God). Noseehohe'-otoo'o. ?? You caused them much loneliness. (1987:296). -ho'-oto He bragged about him. fti: -ht ??. See: -tam.
-'t ?? fta. declare s.o. , call s.o. ? phvo'-tho ? oto? He praised God (called him good). phve'-
-'ov fta. fti: -'.by foot (or body). N-toe'vo I held him down with my foot. 'e-'ovho He broke him
with his foot. am'a-'vahtse He bicycled (lit. he-along-roll-by.foot-REFL) ?? Etymology: *netahkweskawa:wa.
-'ovhponahe -'pa'o
vai. be exacting. hohe-'ovhponahe He is an honest person. Notes (Phonology) contraction of -vovhponahe See: -vovhponahe.
ni. back (of body). ma-'pa'o a back. he-'pa'onome behind the house. he-'pa'onevo ohkeamhheo'o you walk behind them (in back of medicine people). Medial: -'pa'on. Etymology: *mexpe0kwan-.Pl: ma-'pa'ontse.
-'pa'on mbp. back (of body). 'e-'pa'na. His back is broken. hese-'pa'onotse. He has cramps in his
back. Nt-'pa'onhno. I punched him in the back. pa'e-'pa'onhe camel (lit. humpbacked one). See: -hthtonon spine.
-'seh fta. cause s.o. to . Nnmen-'sho. I made him sing. Nmxe'eots-'sho. I took his picture (cause
him to be written down; pictured). fti: -'sests.
-'sests fti. cause s.t. to . Nmxe'eots-'sstse I took a picture of it. fta: -'seh. 'sev fii. flow. he-'svo. It's flowing out. ame-'svo. It's flowing along. -'t sfx. abstract stem-final suffix on some TA verbs. Notes (Phonology) takes the allomorph -no(t) when the
preceding stem-final vowel is high-pitched Nne'tam-'tova. He depends on me. Nphv-'tvo. I did good to him. See: -no.
-'t fti. TI abstract final. Nphv-'ta I took good care of it. fta: -'tov. -'tsan
fai. to(ward) people ?? abstract AI final. ne'tam-'tsne. He depends on people. ohkeanoetan-'tsne. He puts people down. See: -san. inverse voice, for example, nvovstomne 'he taught us (excl)'. Notes (Phonology) If the preceding vowel is phonemically high pitched, most verbs requiring the -'tov final take its allomorph -no(t). In the direct voice this final is especially used to mark ai+o verbs, namely, intransitive verbs, which are secondarily marked to take a syntactic direct object, as in the following verbs: Nphv-'tvo I took good care of him. Nphve-'tova He took good care of me. Nphv-'t'e They took good care of me. phv't'e they/he took good care of him (prox.). Nphve-'toene He took good care of us (incl.). Nphve-'toevoo'o They took good care of you (pl).Variant: -no. Etymology: *'taw. fti: -'t. See: -ov; -ev. Nhn-'tvo I prayed to him (cf. nhna 'I prayed'). Nne'tam-'tova He depends on me (cf. nne'tame 'I depend'). Nne'tame-ntse I depend on him. ne'tam-noto He depends on him. Nn'tam-none we (incl.) depend on him. ne'tamnovo They depend on him. Nmon-'tova He chose me. Nmone-ntse I chose him. Nhek'tova She has me as mother (cf. nheke 'I have a mother'). Nheke-ntse She is my mother; I
-'tov sfx. TA final. Notes (Phonology) The /ov/ of this final contracts to /e/ in certain person combinations of the
have her as mother.
-'xove m. time. nhe-'xvva then/at that time. tsstaenenve-'xove after a certain amount of time.
M-m
-m fta. TA final indicating that the object is animate. Nv-mo I saw him. fti: -ht. mapro. unspecified "possessor". does not actually seem to have idea of possession whereas the
specific possessive prefixes na- '1PS', ne- '2PS, he- '3PS' clearly do; this is something like a zero placeholder; the "possessed" stem is dependent (cannot stand alone), so the ma- prefix is used when no actual possessor is intended; probably not the idea of 'somebody' indefinite possessor; native speakers do not seem to be able to attach any meaning to the ma- prefix; it is probable that speakers view the entire word, prefixed with ma-, as an unanalyzable unit; we suggest that viewing ma- as a prefix is helpful for paradigmatic analysis, but may not be useful on semantic grounds, the problem illustrating that morphology is complicated sometimes by the fact that segmentability and semantics of morphemes do not always coincide; ma- plus dependent stem may itself have prenoun modifiers. ma-'exa an eye (could be still within a body or separate). ma-'ahtse arm (cf. na'ahtse 'my arm'). ma-'evo nose. m-htse'ko 'tire (an.), leg (inan.)'. amho'h-m-htse'ko 'tire (lit. car-leg)'. m-htme food (cf. nhtme 'my food'). mavtove body (cf. ntove 'my body'). Etymology: *me-.
-ma num. first person plural inclusive suffix. often has longer form, -man. Nthmshe-ma! Let's
eat!Variant: -man. See: -m.
-m sfx. locative suffix. ans-ma outside; outdoors. sno''-ma in the brush/bushes. sto''-ma in the
brush/bushes. 'h-ma on the side. h'h-ma closer/on this side (nearer speaker). he'-ma up/above. he-ma on the side. ho-ma on the other side. n's-ma next to the wall. stv-ma in the middle of the water. v'ht-ma n the place-of-honor. hest'-ma outside/off the reservation. Notes (Phonology) nl See: -v; -n2. Etymology: *-menki; cf. *epemenki up.
maahe
ni. 1 ni. arrow.Pl: maahtse. AltPl = maahottse [1987:304]Pl: maahtsstse. Oblique: maahva; vai: -maahvan. m'xhtsvemaahe metal-pointed arrow. ho'honemaahtse stone-tipped arrows. maahvotnstse arrow (tail)feathers. See: ma'tke; ma'tno; Maahtse. 2 na. Arrow.
mhe ni. go to sleep. See: mahpe; maahe. Usage: baby talk. Maahe'htamhnstse vai. Arrow Walking. Maahe'htamehtsstse vai. Arrow Walking. Maaho'h'e Pryor, Montana.Literally: arrow-creek. maahome ni. arrow lodge. this tepee holds the (Sacred) Arrows, while the hhkha'ome tepee holds
the Sacred Buffalo Hat bundle.
-maahtaneve -maahvan
vai. be an arrow man (person). i.e. one who is an adherent of the Sacred Arrows worship. -maahtaneve. He was an Arrow man. vai. make arrows. See: maahe arrow. -maahvne.
He's making arrows.
[1987:220]
Final: -an.
maahvotnstse ni. tailfeathers of an arrow. See: -h'hovohe. -maahvotoneve vii. have arrow feathers. -maahvotoneve It has arrow feathers. [JS 7/89] Maahtse ni. (Sacred) Arrows. The Sacred Arrows are the sacred object of the Cheyennes, while the
Sacred (Buffalo) Hat was the sacred object brought to the Cheyennes by the Sutaio. (1987:98). naa Tsstshsthese h'the maahtse m'enhentse and the Cheyennes own these (Sacred) Arrows (1987:98). Maahtse vavvhetannstse the Arrows are renewed (for example, after being stained or bloodied when there is a murder). Maahtse ma'veotsnstse the Arrows are stained/bloody.Variant: Maahtsstse (much less commonly used). Singular: mahe.
-maa'e
vai. 1 bark; snort (for example, sound of a horse). See: -nstoohe. -maa'e. He barked. Etymology: *mekiwa. Notes (Phonology) vs 2 fig., court (romantically). vta: -maet.
maa'e ni. sore, scab. See: hemaa'e. Etymology: *mekyi. Notes (Phonology) vs m'se p. particle introducing some immaterialized expectation -- 'I thought...'. governs the conjunct
order, specifically, a verb with the - prefix. m'se=hnehovstse ?(one word?) I thought he was the one. m'se=homhtheto I thought he had come already. heehe m'se ve'hahtsvhtse ts'the tsohkeehne'enose hov'he Hey, I thought we had someone along that would know something (1987:40). Notes (Phonology) usually (always??) cliticizes to following verb See: ta'se hothtse; -; khke-.
mase ace. See: Hotammaase.Literally: excrement ??. maato p. front, future, ahead. for example, the front seat of a car; in the future. This word can be an
indication of cultural resignation, similar to fatalism, something like English, "Well, someday, maybe it will happen, maybe it won't, we won't worry about it today, and we don't have much concern about the situation or motivation to do anything about it.". Maato nheev'o. I fell forward. Naa nhe na'stse maato mstsheta'has'heohehhe. And the other (soldier) rode up to the front (of him). [1987:22] Naa maato ntaohkev'hoohtanone tsphva'e. And let's look ahead for what is good. [1987:241] Maato n''evonhnstse! Get in the front (for example, of the car)! See: ma'kse-; nhst'e; t'e; nse'to.
mae- pv. all, everyone, from everywhere. perhaps originated as contraction of mhe- 'all'. See: mhe-;
m'se-; ms-. ohke-maetotxeme. It is discussed everywhere. -maenmeneo'o there were so many singing. sa-maetshsenstsheo'o there are so many (people) who do not talk Cheyenne. -mae'a'eneestsstove. There are many speeches. (lit., there is from so many long
lasting speaking).
-mast vti. bark at s.t. -masta He (dog) barked at it. vai: -maa'e. -masta vai. bark. See: -maa'e. -masta He (dog) barked. mastoo'o ni. throat. mastoo'e (variant). See: -stoo'o; ma'stoo'o pillow. Etymology: *mekonta:kani
(Pi).
mhe voc. brother-in-law (of a man). Usage: colloquial. old term of reference or address. maehe na. brother-in-law. Used by a man to address his brother-in-law. -maet vta. 1 bark at s.o. -maetho. He barked at him/fig. 'he courted her.'.
2 court s.o. Usage: fig.. Etymology: *meki0iwa. vai: -maa'e.
mh-1 cjt. conjunct prefix of irrealis (nonfactive?) verbs; when; if. Notes (Phonology) has allomorphs ma'-;
mx-; ms-; etc.; sometimes takes high pitch and sometimes low pitch Refers to events or states which have not yet happened. The /h/ of this form changes to x, ', s, or depending on what sound follows. mx-ho'hnstse when (or 'if') he comes. mh-ne'vho'ehnstse when he comes back. Naa ma'evomata'se h'the anhenevanomeo'o! And when they have seen you, drop this down! (1987:262). See: -; ts-; mhv'(e)-.
mh-2 i. all. -mh-va. He is all wet. N-mh-oemoo'o. I'm related to all of them. Preverb: mhe-. mheme ni. corn kernel. Usage: rare in sg.. Notes (Phonology) iah Holliman Spelling: mhi mi, mhi min no
zi.Pl: mhaementse. possibly has noun stem for 'berry', -me(ne), cf. pl. mentse 'berries'; perhaps the kernels are viewed as berry-like; corn for eating is referred to with the grammatical pl. and usually glossed simply as 'corn', not as 'kernels of corn'. See: hoo'khtse; -mhat; -mhasta; ma'hk'e.
mhaemenkohkonh'o ni. corn bread. mhaemenma'hk'e ni. corn tassel. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: mhaemenma'hkeentse. Mhaemeno'h'e ni. Corn Creek. a tributary of the White River in South Dakota, located between
the Pine River agency and the Rosebud agency.
mhaemenpnh'o ni. cornmeal. mhaementse ni. corn. grammatically plural because there are multiple kernels when this is cooked
and eaten; rare in the singular. Singular: mheme.
-mhanen vti. pick up s.t.
vta. pick up s.o. -mhanenantse. He's picking them (inan. for example, berries) up (off the ground). See: -o'en.
-mhanenen vai. pick up food. -mhanenne. He's picking food up off the ground. for example, as
a squirrel does.
-mhan'san vai. lick up. esp. of animals. for example, lick up scraps. -mhan'sne. He licked
up. See: -ven'ts.
-mhast vti. devour s.t., eat all of s.t., drink all of s.t. This is slower eating than -mha'hahts. mhsta. He ate it all up. Ne-mhsta. I drank it all up already. mhe-mhst. He ate all of it, everything, up. Mhasthtse! Eat it all up! vta: -mhat. See: -mha'hahts; -heshahts; poe'hahts; -ov'komshahts.
-mhastomo'he
vai. eat everything up, be all out of groceries. See: -m'seotse; -o'hmeotse. Mhastomo'hstse! Eat everything up! ni. pharynx (esophagus?). translation.Literally: swallowing-thing. Usage: probably
mhastom'hesttse
neologism
or
loan
-mhat vta. 1 eat all of s.o. -mhaeto. He ate him all up. Taa''se m'e-mhathevhe. He had
already halfway swallowed him. [1987:285] M'e-mhataehevhe ho'neho naa mato 'khmeho. He must have gotten eaten by wolves and coyotes (obv). (1987:271). vti: -mhast. See: mha'ham swallow s.o. completely; -mv eat s.o.. 2 be stubborn and not accept estranged spouse back again. Nto'se-mhatoo'o ho'honeo'o. I'm going to eat some rocks all up (= fig. 'I'm going to be stubborn'; said when spouses are separated and the woman says this to mean that she isn't going to give in this time and take her husband back again. This is a humorous saying.). Nto'se-mhato ho'hon'e. I'm going to swallow a rock (=I've made up my mind to divorce my spouse for sure).
-mhahtohe vai. all sound. -mhahtoheo'o. They are all making noise. can be said, for instance, of
coyotes, birds, or drunken people.
-mhahtov vta. all hear s.o. See: -ahtov. Nto'se-mhahtovone. We will all hear him. (Hymn 41). -mha'
vti. please; gladden s.t. N-mh'a navo'stanhevesttse You make my life happy (PRAISE.TXT). vta: -mha'ovo.
-mh'en vai. all cook. -mh'eneo'o. They are all cooking. not used with sg. subjects. -mha'hahts
vti. eat up s.t. quickly. -mha'hhtse. He ate it up quickly. Ev'hkeno'e; nsatnemha'hahtshe. It tasted bitter; I couldn't swallow it. Mha'hhtsstse! Swallow it (quickly)! / Eat it up! vta: -mha'ham. See: -mhast; -hestoh.
-mha'ham vta. swallow s.o. completely, devour s.o., eat up s.o. -mha'hamho. He really put him
away (devouring him) / He ate him all up. N-mha'hmo hse. I (accidentally) swallowed a fly. N-mha'hmo nma'ne. I devoured the fish. vti: -mha'hahts; fta: -a'ham. See: -mhat eat s.o. all up.
-mha'omohta vii. all frozen. -mha'omohta It is frozen hard. mhma'xe-mha'omhthanhe (the

big river) was frozen hard (1987:3:14).
-mha'san vai. welcome people. See: -msetsstahe. -mha'sne He welcomes. [PD1101] -mha'ov vta. please s.o., gladden s.o. seems esp. to apply when s.o. is glad to see you, as when you go
to visit them. Usage: coalescing. N-mha'vo. I made him glad to see me; he was glad to see me; he enjoyed my visit. N-mha'oo'e. He pleased me. -mha'ovho. He pleased him (for example, by going to him. vti: -mha'. See: -msetsstov; -msetan'tov.
-mha'xane vai. all cry. not used with sg. subject. -mha'xaneo'o. They all cried. Final: -a'xan. -mhan vai. get firewood. -mhne. He went for firewood. Th-mhnstse! Go get firewood! See: mane; -o'xoemhan; maxe.
-mhanen vai. have a full house (in cards). -mhanne. He has a full house. Final: -anen. mhaohts-ho'emanesttse ni. government. Usage: neologism. mhaohts-ho'emaovhtsesttse ? v?
rule.self-NOM. ni. tribal government. Usage: neologism.Literally: all-
-mhae'e vai. all drink. require pl. subject. -mha'eo'o. They were all drunk. N-mha'me.
We were all drunk. Final: -ae'e.
-mhtamao' vai. all laugh. -mhtamao'oo'o. They are all laughing. mhepv. all, everhing. modifies subjects of intransitive verbs and objects of transitive verbs. Initial: mah-. -mhenmeneo'o. They are all singing. -mheoto'xovahe He is skilled in everything. -mhenna. He let all of it go. Nh-mheasetanomeve! Take it all away from us! -mhevsthmhtseo'o. They are all helping each other. ma'heo'o -mhemhoto. God loves all of them. -mhemhotovo. They all love him. -mhenenantse. He picked them (inan.) up. See: mae-; m'se-; ms-; mheto; nemheto; hesthe-.
Mheameoestse vai. All Runner. mheasn'stse ni. bush with bright red berries ?? -mhe vai. all sit. See: -mhoe. -mheo'o. They are all sitting. (there, for example, in a car, or in a
house). N-mheme. we were all sitting (together; for example, in a buggy). Notes (Phonology)
vs
-mhesevo'oh(n) vta. grandslam s.o.; hit s.o. all in. -mhesevo'hnho. He grandslammed them in.
vulgar connotation, implying "slamming" one's testicles ("balls") "into" vagina, a hyperbole for vigorous intercourse.Literally: hit (them) all in.
-mheem vta. tell the truth about s.o. N-mheema. He told the truth about me. See: -hetmem. -mhehasen vai. have all seeds up in seed-in-basket game. Nmhe-hasne I got them all facing up.
Final: -hasen.
-mheh'ho'eohts vai. entire body ache. esp. from the flu. N-mheh'ho'ehtse. My who body aches.
See: -h'ho'eohts.
-mhehne vai. sign to everyone. -mhehne. He's including everybody in his signs. fai: -ohon. -mhe''e
vii. leak all over, drip all over, drip everywhere. -mhe''e. It's leaking all over. for instance, of a house that is dripping all over. See: -se''e.
mhe'hao'o na. all your fathers. See: nkstoto; eho. Usage: archaic. -mhe'han vai. all eat. not used with singular subjects. -mhe'hanao'o. They are all eating. m-he'ho ni. hand. Usage: unverified today. -mh'tov vta. all work on s.o., all gang up on s.o. See: -nhe'tov; -vae'tov. -mh'tovovo. They
are all ganging up on him. Hohesto hetanho tsohkevenaa'ese h-mh'toesesto. Many (medicine) men were working on him. (1987:108).
Mhemtsvhe na. Pus All Over. there is a story about him. -mhema'xe vai. all smell. not used with singular subjects. -mhema'xeo'o. They all stink. fai: ma'xe.
-mheno'oohe vai. kill all quickly. -mheno'oohe. He killed all (of them) quickly. fai: -no'. -mhnome vai. all sleep. requires pl. subject. -mhnomeo'o. They are all sleeping. N-mhnmme.
We were all asleep. Final: -nme.
mhenon vai. all sing. -mhenoneo'o. They are all singing. -mhenon'seh vai. cause all to join in singing. See: -'seh. N-mhenon'shoo'o I caused them all to
join in singing (for example, I was singing so well that they joined in).
-mhenot
vta. kill all of s.o. -mhenotho. He killed them all. Simplified Spelling: mhayo. See: m'senot; -mheem. mhe. fai: -2.
-mhe vai. all stand. -mheeo'o. They all were standing. N-mheme. We all stood. See: -'e; -mheoestoh vti. pay for all of s.t. -mheoestha. He paid it all off. -mheohts vai. all come together. -mheohtseo'o. They all came together. mh'o ni. 1 house. Do not confuse this word with ma'heo'o 'god' which is similar in spelling but different in
pronunciation. Simplified Spelling: mhayo'o; Holliman Spelling: mha yoo. homsmh'o kitchen;
restaurant (lit. cook-house). mxe'stnemh'o school (lit. write-house).Pl: mheontse. Locative: mhenva; Oblique: mhene; Diminutive: mhko. namh'o my house. nemh'o your house. hemh'o his house. namhenne our (excl.) house. nemhenane our (incl.) house. nemhenvo your (plural) house. hemhenvo their house. hemheontse his houses. See: -he-mhen have a house. Etymology: PA **meh0wika:ni (Go2000:90) wooden dwelling; cf. *miikiwa:'mi (Pe79). 2 part of Ursa Major (the Big Dipper). Notes (Phonology) vs
mh'o tsemhestone
vii. modular home, house already furnished.Literally: house which is already all built. Usage: neologism.
-mhenne vai. build house(s); make house(s). -mhenne. He made houses. See: -he-mhenaov. mhene ni. at the house. he-mhene at his house. IndepNoun: mh'o. See: mhenva. mhenhono'ko ni. floor. See: hono'ko; honhkone. mheonne'haneo'o mop.Literally: in.house-washing(thing). Pl: mhenene'haneontse. mhenva loc. on the house, at the house. See: mhene. IndepNoun: mh'o. he-mhenva at his
house.
-mheotse vai. all gather. -mheotseo'o. They all got together. Notes (Phonology) requires plural subject
See: -mheeohts. vta: -mheots'tov.
-mheots'tov vta. gang up on s.o. -mheotse'tovovo They ganged up on him.Literally: "all" someone.
vai: -mheotse.
-mheoxa'ohe vii. all beaded, fully beaded. -mheoxa'hnstse. They are fully beaded. mheoxa'hvo'khantse ni. beaded all over moccasins. See: mo'keha. -mhesan vai. wear a suit.Literally: all-dress. -mhesne. He is wearing a suit. Final: -san2. mhesanesttse na. suit (clothes).Pl: mhesanstoto. Obviative: mhesanstoto. m-hese ni. a foot. See: -hese; heheso. -mhsstanove
vai. all live there. -mhsstanoveo'o. They are all living there. for example, all living in the same house.
-mhst vai. all holler. -mhstao'o. They are all hollering. fai: -st. -mhstanove vai. all live together. -mhstanoveo'o. They all live together. for example, all live in
the same area.
-mhestone vii. all built; fully built. -mhestone. It's fully built. -mheem
vta. kill all of s.o. used with pl. objects. hma'xe-mheemvsesto ntxv'h'e. They killed all the soldiers. [1987:48] See: -m'se'not; -mhenot.
-mheen vai. all lie. typically implies all being dead. requires pl. subject. Hsstse -mheensesto.
Some were lying (there) (dead). [1987:37:29] -mheenao'o. They were all lying (there). Nmheenme. we were all lying down.
mhko ni. shed.Pl: mhekontse. Non-diminutive: mh'o. mhe(t)- i. all. See: mhe-. -mht vta. all fight s.o. -mhthtseo'o. They are all fighting each other. -mhetaee vai. lie taking all the room. -mhetae. He's lying there taking all the room. mheto
p. everything, all. See: mhe-; nemheto. tsohkhee- nhe'xvva nhhe mheto vovhponenanomhe hne'enovhesttse at that time there for everything you paid in full for
education. [1987:143]
-mhetht vti. put all of s.t. in the mouth, have all of s.t. in the mouth. -mhethta. He put all of it in
his mouth. fti: -ht.
mhkema na. mudhen.Variant: xhkema. Pl: mhkemaho. Obviative: mhkemaho. mh-ma'heneeeve vii. when it is Sunday; on Sunday. referring to a time which has not arrived yet. mhmovon'o vii. early tomorrow morning. See: mah-; mo-; -vona'.
-mhoe vai. all be at, all sit. Only used with plural subjects. for example, people in a village cluster.
See: /-mhee/; -ho'o. -mhoeo'o. They all live in one spot/one area; they are all there in a big group. sts'hovease-mhosesto nhhe They developed into a town there (1987:19). Notes (Phonology) vs
-mhehn vai. children be all over. -mhehneo'o. They have lots of children. -mhoe't vii. all hanging. -mhoe'tnstse. There's a lot of them hanging (esp. of berries).
vai. -mhoe'too'o. They (an.) are all hanging on.
-mhoe't'tov vta. stick all over to s.o. -mhoe't't'e ma'khhnvso He has burrs stuck all over
him.
-mhoem vta. count s.o. as a group. See: -mhom. Nsa-mhoemheo'o I did not count them as a
group.
-mhom
vta. be related to all of s.o. probably only with pl. objects. See: -mhoem; -hoem. Nmhomoo'o. I'm related to all of them. N-mhomhtsema we are all related. Nsamhomheo'o I'm not related to any of them. -mhomhtseo'o. They are all related to each
other.
-mhe vai. all stand looking. not used with sg. subjects. See: -mhe. mheeo'o. They are all
standing looking. hnxxaehe-mheehono They were all standing outside watching.
-mhosen vai. all hang. Only used with plural subjects. -mhosne. They are all hanging. -mhost vii. all hang. -mhosta. It (for example, drymeat) is all hanging. mhoesttse ni. city, town. See: mhove'ho'no.Literally: all.over-NOM. Pl: mhostottse. -mhove'ho'ee'e vai. live in town. Nemhove'ho'ee'e I've moved into town. Notes (Phonology) vs mhove'ho'no
ni. city, town, El Reno, Oklahoma.Literally: all.over-whiteman-place. Final: -en. See: mhoesttse; Ma'xemhove'ho'no.
-mhove'ho'eohts vai. go to town. N-mhove'ho'ehtse. I'm going to town. See: -s'eohts. mhhko na. Non-diminutive: mh'o.cantelope; small melon. See: mho'xeno. -mhohomo'he vai. all dance. -mhohom'heo'o. They are all dancing. -mhohtva vai. buy everything. -mhohtva. He bought everything. for instance, to buy all the land
and buildings on it.
-mho'hotse vai. all run. not used with singular subjects. -mho'hotseo'o. They all ran. -mho'ethe vai. all do something. -mho'etheo'o. They all did something (together). -mho'eman vai. govern everything; rule everything. -mho'emne. He is in charge of everything /
he rules everything. ts-mho'emnstse the President.Literally: all-rule. See: -ho'eman; ho'emaoht.
-mho'emaosan vai. rule all; boss all. -mho'emsne. He is the ruler of all. vta: -mho'emaot.
See: -ho'eman.
-mho'emaot
vta. boss s.o.; govern s.o.; rule s.o. -mho'emaotho. He governed him. ?? vai: mho'emaosan. See: -ho'emot.
[1987:29]
-mho'emaov vta. boss all of s.o. N'hke-mho'emne. He would boss all of us.
ho'emaov.
See: -
-mho''ts vti. grab all of s.t., do all of it. -mho''tse. He grabbed it all. -mho'ts vai. all camp together. used only in the plural. -mho'tseo'o. They are all camped together.
fai: -o'tse1. See: -eehe.
mho'xeno
na. gourd, gourd rattle.Pl: mho'xnono. Obviative: mho'xnono. See: mh'o; mhhko; 'eno.
mho'xnonvhom'hesttse ni. Gourd Dance. not a Cheyenne dance. -mhomhtahe vai. all sick. not used with singular subjects. -mhomhtheo'o. They are all sick.
See: -homhtahe.
-mhonen
vai. have all one's teeth. -mhonne. He has all his teeth. Etymology: *mesanike:wa (Go88). BodyPartMedial: -onen. non.
-mhonon vai. all sing. not used with singular subjects. -mhononeo'o. They are all singing. fai: -mhnov
vai. all talk at the same time. only used with plural subjects. See: -hnov. ma'xemhnovao'o They are all talking a lot at the same time.
mh'o na. melon, squash, cantelope, watermelon. Notes (Phonology) vs Usage: od. means 'watermelon'
in Okla. dialect. Holliman Spelling: mhau o.Pl: mhne. Diminutive: mhhko. See: haomh'o; mho'xeno; nx'mvhe; hekvemhoo'o.
-mhomoeh
vii. water all over. as in the ocean. -mhomoha. There is water all over. tshmhomoha ocean. Medial: -om.
mhomoeh-v'kso na. seagull. Usage: neologism.Literally: ocean-bird. Variant: mhp-anohe. -mhov

vii. all wet, all soaked. -mhva. He/it is all soaked/wet. This can refer to a woman becoming well lubricated for intercourse. See: -'komeotse; -'eotse; -he'kov.
-mhovt vii. lood.Literally: all over water. ttseha hk'e h-mhovto Long, long ago there was a
flood. (1987:1).
-mhovot vta. throw water all over s.o., get s.o. all wet. -mhovotho. He threw water all over him ;
he got him all wet. N-mhvto. I threw water all over him.
-mhose vai. all cold. -mhoseo'o. They are all cold. -mhotsehe vai. all smoke. -mhotsheo'o. They are all smoking. -mhotse'ohe vai. all work. -mhotse'heo'o. They are all working. not used with sg. subjects. mhov- i. tired of; weary of. -mhovh'en vai. tired of cooking. N-mhovh'ne. I'm tired of cooking. -mhovahe vai. old. -mhovahe. He is old. See: -na'he. -mhovho'he vai. tired of driving. -mhovho'he. He's tired of driving. -mhova'no'hme vai. tired of driving. -mhova'no'hme. He's tired of driving. fai: -a'no'ham. -mhova'hasen vai. tire of throwing. -mhova'hasne. He got tired of throwing. [1980:32] -mhova'haso'he vai. tired of riding horse. -mhova'haso'he. He is tired of riding horse. -mhova'xe
vai. be tired of jumping. mhne'osane-mhova'xhhe He was tired of being bounced around (for example, in the back of the wagon on a bumpy road; FAMILY.TXT).
-mhove'e vai. tired of drinking. -mhove'e. He's tired of drinking. -mhovtamao' vai. tired of laughing. -mhovtama'o. He's tired of laughing. -mhovtsest vti. be tired of s.t. -mhovtssta He is tired (or bored) of it. mhovepv. tiredly. -mhoveamehtse He walked in a tired manner. commonly used with ohke'habitually' and sa- 'NEG' preverbs to indicate intensification of a statement about a typical action: Nohksa-mhoveo'evothtshme we don't get tired of arguing with each other (1987:179).
-mhoveehe vai. tired of moving. -mhoveehe. He's tired of moving. -mhov'aht vti. tired of tasting s.t. N-mhov'hta. I'm tired of tasting it. -mhove'see'e vai. have tired butt from sitting. N-mhove'see'e My butt is tired from sitting (for
example, at a basketball game). BodyPartMedial: -'es. See: -txe'see'e.
-mhove'seotse vai. get tired butt from sitting. nsta-mhove'seotse You'll get a tired butt from
sitting (so long).
-mhove'xan vai. have tired eyes. -mhove'xne He has tired eye(s). -mhove'xanotse
tired.
vai. tired eyes. See: -m'hon'. N-mhove'xanotse. My eyes have become
-mhov'ha vai. tired from flying. -mhov'ha. He is tired from flying. -mhove'hahe vai. be tired from singing. -mhove'hahe He's tired from singing. Final: -'hahe. -mhove'hahotse vai. become tired from singing. -mhove'hahotse his voice became tired. Final: 'hahe.
-mhov'oht vti. tired of the taste of s.t. N-mhov'htantse. I'm tired of eating them (for example,
sandwiches). fti: -ht. See: -phve'aht.
mhov'e p. finally! See: t'mhov'e; -mhove. -mhovemohe vai. tired of running. -mhovemohe. He got tired of running. fai: -mohe. -mhovemos vai. tire of housework. See: -homos. N-mhovemse I'm tired of doing housework. -mhovenestse vai. tire of talking. -mhovenestse. He tired of talking. fai: -nestse. -mhovnome vai. tired of sleeping. ohksa-mhovnmhe. He's always sleeping (lit. He doesn't
get tired of sleeping). Ne-mhovnome. I'm tired of sleeping.
-mhovenne vai. tired of singing. -mhovenne. He's tired of singing. -mhove'e vai. tired standing. -mhove'e. He is tired of standing. fai: -. -mhoveotse vai. vii. become tired, wear out. -mhoveotse He (or it) is tired (or worn out). [1987:283] -mhovee vai. be tired of lying. -mhove. He is tired of lying down. -mhovetan vai. tired of something; bored. for instance, tired of staying at some place. -mhovetno.
He's tired of (something).
-mhovetannaa'e vai. sit bored. -mhovetannaa'e. He sat tired/bored. Notes (Phonology) vs -mhovetanotse vai. tired. -mhovetanotse. He got tired. -mhov vii. worn out. -mhvo. It is old/it is worn out. -mhovostn vai. tired reading. -mhovostne. He's tired of reading. -mhovhomo'he vai. tired of dancing. N-mhovhom'hme we were tired of dancing. -mhovhtva vai. tired of shopping. -mhovhtva. He's tired of shopping. -mhovo'etahe vai. tire of doing (something). Ne-mhovo'ethmne. We're tired of doing (it). -mhovo'khan vai. wear worn out shoes. See: mo'keha. -mhovo'khna. He is wearing worn out
shoes.
-mhovo'omenehe vai. tired of being poor. Ne-mhovo'omenehe. I'm tired of being poor. -mhovo't vii. sit worn out. xae'e-mhov'ta. It is sitting there worn out. for example, can be said
of a tepee that has gotten old and gray.
-mhovnoo'e vai. tired of sitting; tired of being at (a place). -mhovnoo'e. He is tired of sitting
there. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -noo'e. See: -mhove'ee'e.
-mhovoo'e vai. tired of sitting; tired of being at (a place). -mhovoo'e. He is tired of sitting; he has
cabin fever. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -mhove'ee'e.
-mhovotse'ohe vai. be tired of working. -mhovotse'ohe He is tired of working. See: -hotse'ohe. -mhoxe'a' vai. all right, winning hand. not used in sg. ?? -mhoxe'a'oo'o. They (cards) are the
winning hand ("right off the bat"). See: -h'thevvanen.
-mhoxe'stn vai. all write, all go to school. -mhoxe'stneo'o. They are all going to school. mahpe ni. water. Mahpe -'sotsetse. (Her) water broke/burst open (that is, the placenta broke during
birthing; this phrase was considered by an elder to be older than the following, in the "younger language"). Mahpe ha'hatse. The water came out (that is, her placenta broke in birthing). Oblique: mhpva. See: mhe. v'ho'-mahpe whiskey; alcohol (lit. whiteman-water). Etymology: cf. *nepyi.
mahpe hevovetso na. hurricane.Literally: water tornado. See: hevovetso. mahpe ts'hkh'ta vii. radiator.Literally: where the water is.
mhp-anohe na. seagull.Literally: water-hawk. Variant: mhemoeh-v'kso. -mhpe'henohts vai. have running eyes. See: -momhpe'henhtse. -mhpe'henhtse He has a
running (for example, infected) eye(s) (-momhp ?).
mhpma'no na. river turtle; water turtle. -mhpeme ni. water (poss.). na-mhpeme my water. mhpmo'he
na. moose.Literally: water-elk. this form seems to be sg., pl. and obv. AltPl = mhpmo'heo'o For some speakers mhpm'e is sg. while mhpmo'he is the pl.Variant: pophpovs-mo'he.
mhpmxne water mint. found in slow-moving water. mhpva loc. in the water. See: mahpe. Mhpvhn'stse vai. Stands In Water. Mhpvam'hn'e na. Appears On the Water Woman. Mhpevana'hne na. Kills On the Water. Mhpevatamehtsstse na. Goes On the Water. Mhpevatxehts'e na. Walks On the Water Woman. -mhpeve vii. be water (there). -mhpeve there is water there. Mhpvhn'stse vai. Standing In Water. mhpvoomxe'stnesttse ni. ink pen. the old dip kind of pen.Literally: water-liquid-writing.thing. mhta'e ni. tepee ring. m-hteme louse. See: -hteme. Notes (Phonology) iahPl: m-htaemo. Obviative: m-htaemo. Etymology:
*metehkoma (Pi).
mht'so na. scalped person. Such a person would still be alive. See: mhta'soma shadow; soul; o'eoestas scalp s.o.. Etymology: cf. *mete'cya:kwa.
Mhta'shk'e na. Scalped Woman. mhta'soma na. 1 shadow. May be inanimate for some people. This word is sometimes used for the unseen
spirit of a living person. It contrasts with seo'tse which is the spirit of a deceased person. It also contrasts with voxtse which is 'body'. Cheyenne, like many languages, lacks a trichotomous body/soul/spirit distinction; instead, the distinction for the immaterial part of a person is upon whether it is of a living or deceased person.Pl: mhta'somaho. na-mhta'soma my shadow. he-mhta'somaho his shadow/soul. Obviative: mhta'somaho; Oblique: mhta'somhva. 2 soul; spirit. Ma'hene-mhta'soma Holy Spirit (missionary term). Nhhe nvo'stanheve "mhe-mhta'soma," tshetaneto. There you are living, "All Spirit", as you are called. (1987:103). Etymology: cf. *mete'cya:kwa soul, shadow. The PA seems to be more closely cognate with Ch. mht'so. See: mht'so; so'tse; hovo'heo'o; hvsvemhta'soma.
-mhta'somhvoht vti. see s.t. as a reflection.Literally: shadow-see. -mhta'somhvhta. He

sees it as a reflection. See: -amhom.
mhtamaha voc. my old woman. As in English, this can refer to one's mother or wife; does not seem
to be disrespectful when used this way.Variant: mhtmhaahe.
mhtmhaahe voc. old woman; old lady; wife.Variant: mhtamaha. mhtamhah- pv. old woman. mhtamhhe na. old woman, old lady. Holliman Spelling: ma dum ha.Variant: tamhhe. The shorter
variant tamhhe is used by many younger speakers today.Pl: mhtamhaheho. Obviative: mhtamhaheho; Masculine: ma'hhkso. Etymology: *metemihsehsihsikwa (Pi); cf.
*metemwehsihsa (dim.); cf. F metemo:ha.
-mhtamhahhame na. old woman (poss.). affectionate term said of wife. na-mhtamhahhame
my old lady. na-mhtamhahhamo my old ladies. he-mhtamhahhamo his old lady.
mhtamhahhasstse voc. old women (voc.).
-mhtamhahmea'xe vai. smell of old lady. said when someone sleeps with their grandmother;
teasingly said to a child. -mhtamhahmea'xe. He smells like an old lady. See: ma'hhkshemea'xe old man smell.
Mhtamhaho'h'e no. Old Woman Creek. It enters the South Cheyenne River from the south. -mhtamhahvn vai. old woman face. -mhtamhahvn. She has an old woman face. -mhtamhahvenohe vai. look like an old woman. -mhtamhahvenohe. She looks like an
old woman.
mhtamhahvo'ha na. old mare. See: mo'hno'ha. Mhtamhahvse ni. Old Woman Butte. located near the head of Old Woman Creek. Mhtamhah-xaenoo'tse ni. Old Lady Bladder. This is the legendary name of a waterfall in the
Black Hills from which corn and meat were obtained from an old woman who lived inside the waterfall.
mhtamhhkso na. little old woman (dim.).Pl: mhtamhhkseho. Obviative: mhtamhhkseho. mhtme ni. food. takes full inflections for personal possessive prefixes, with "older" Algonquian
high-pitch pronominal prefixes, and number of the possessed object (food). nhtme my food. nstme your (sg) food. hstme his food. nhtmne our (excl.) food. nstmane our (incl.) food. nstmvo your (pl) food. nestmvo your (pl) food (variant). hestmvo their food. hestmevtse their foods (for example, corn, which is plural because there are plural kernels). nhtamtse my foods. Stem: -htm. See: mshesttse.
mhtao'keme ni. coffee bean.Pl: mhtao'kementse. Variant: mhtao'eme. See: mentse. -mht'e vai. dance ceremonially, dance a stationary dance. an older dance, not very well known at
all today; it can be danced at a Sun Dance. -mht'e. He did the ceremonial dance. 'semhtoesstse. He danced in. (1987:304). Usage: obsolescent. See: -ohomo'he; -ho'soo'e.
mhtatamoo'o ni. shoulder. See: -htatamoo'o.Variant: hetatamoo'o. mhttseeme ni. nostril. See: -httseeme. Etymology: *mete:likomi. mhtvo'enotovo na. Pl: mhtvo'enotovono. mane. Animate when still on horse, inaninate when detached;
used for ceremonial purposes. ni. he-mhtvo'enotovono his (that is, horse's) mane. mhtvo'enotovontse detached manes
(used ceremonially).
-mhthen vai. play bone game. -mhthne. He played the bone game. -mhtoh(n)
vta. initiate s.o. esp. of s.o. in the Sun Dance. -mhthnho. He initiated him. vai: mhthov. See: -vovstomev; -ameotseh; momhthtane 'medicine man'.
-mhthov vai. instruct pledger(s) in the Sun Dance. In the Sun Dance a pledger's instructors need to
be a couple, a man and woman, typically a man and his wife. -mhthva. He/she is instructing the pledger(s). Nvhe tsto'se-mhthvtse? Who is going to instruct? tsmhthovase the instructors. There seems to be an AI final something like -ov meaning 'medicine, mysterious.'. Etymology: cf. M awae:tok; O awesii (N) 'spirit'. See: -vovstomsan; hoonsthtohe.
mhtohto
p. ten of. mhtohto hetaneo'o ten men. mhtohto mheontse ten houses. Etymology: *meta:tah0wi.
(mhtohto) hhthnaeshtoha p. sixteen times. mhtohto hhthn'stse p. eleven of. (mhtohto) hhthna'ha p. thirteen times. (mhtohto) hhthna'nhtoha p. eighteen times. (mhtohto) hhthnshtoha p. seventeen times. (mhtohto) hhth-nee p. twelve of. (mhtohto) hhthneva p. fourteen times. (mhtohto) hhthnexa twelve times.
(mhtohto) hhthnhona fifteen times. (mhtohto) hhthn'ka eleven times. (mhtohto) hhthsohtoha nineteen times. mhthtoha p. ten times. -mhthtoh vii. be ten in number; be a 10 bill. only used in pl. -mhththnstse They (inan.) are
10 in number. -mhththa It is a $10 bill.
-mhththanen vai. do by ten, ten do. work on ten projects. -mhththanne. "He (esp. a drunk)
is staggering around with ten fingers spread out as if to catch himself in a fall.".
-mhththnstse
(inanimate).
vii. be 10 of them (inanimate). -mhththnstse. There are 10 of them
mhththe- pv. ten. -mhththeanma. He is ten years old. Mh-mhththeomenhhe. There

were ten lodges. [1987:17]
-mhththeanam vai. be ten years old. -mhththeanma. He is ten years old. mhthth'e p. en days. Mhthth'e Ts'hkhenove Ten Sleeps, Wyoming. Usage: a neologism?. -mhthth'ham vai. have ten horses. -mhthth'hme He has ten horses. -mhththeomene vai. have ten lodges. Mh-mhththeomenhhe. He had ten lodges. (1987). -mhththnoeme vai. vii. cost ten dollars. See: -mhthtoh; -hoem. -mhththnoeme. It costs $10.
-mhththnoemnstse. They (inan.) cost $10. -mhththnoemeo'o They (an.) cost $10.
mhththnve n. ten groups of. -mhththnxe'ohe vii. be ten o'clock. -mhththnxe'ohe it's 10 o'clock.Literally: ten-written. -mhtht-hhthnaeshtheanma
vai. be sixteen mhththhthnaeshtheanma He is sixteen years old.
years
old.
-mhththhthne only used in pl.vai. be twelve in number. -mhththhthneo'o there are

twelve (an.).
-mhtht-hhthneanma vai. be twelve years old. -mhththhthneanma He is twelve

years old.
-mhththhthnhoneo'o vai. be fifteen in number. -mhththhthnhoneo'o there are fifteen

(an.).
-mhththhthno'kahe vai. be eleven in number. -mhththhthno'kheo'o there are eleven

(an.).
-mhththhthno'keanma
eleven years old.
vai. be eleven years old. -mhththhthno'keanma He is
-mhthtxe vai. be ten in number. not used with sg. subjects. -mhthtxeo'o They (an.) are ten in
number. Etymology: *meta:tahiwaki.
mhtovoo'tse ni. ear.Pl: mhtovoottse. See: -htovo'tse; nhtovo'tse. mhtovots-heseo'tse ni. ear medicine. See: -htovoo'tse. ma-htse ni. mouth.Pl: mhtsentse. mhtse'ko ni. 1 ni. leg. n-htse'ko my leg. Medial: -(hk)ht; Stem: -htse'kon.
2 na. tire.Pl: m-htse'kono. See: assoneehhe; amho'h-mhtse'ko; assoneeh-mhtse'ko.
mhts'oo'e ni. elbow.Variant: mhts'oo'o. Pl: mhts'oontse. See: -hts'oo'o. mhtsem'eme ni. blood. mhtsem'eme anooosta vii. he has low blood pressure. Usage: loan translation.Literally: the blood
is hanging low.
mhtsem'eme he'amosta
blood is hanging up.
vii. he has high blood pressure. Usage: loan translation.Literally: the
mhtsem'eme m'seohtsetse vii. anemic - he.Literally: the blood is running out. -mhtsnan vai. gossip. -mhtsnne. He is gossiping. -mhtsnaneo'o. They are gossipy. See: -mv. -mhtsnaov vta. gossip about s.o. -mhtsnaovho. He gossiped about him. mhtsnme ni. thigh. See: -htsnme; hnme. mhtsstahe'onahttse ni. Medial: -he'on.palm (of hand). mh-v'(e)pfx. if. The (e) is included if the following sound is a vowel. mhv'-hotse'oestse if he is working. Mhv'e-a'xaamstse nth'htse. If he cries I'll go home. Mhv'-naotsetanoto me'ovenhtove. If you are sleepy you should go to bed. See: v'(e)-; mh-. 'when it is morning'; tshvon'o 'when it was morning'.
mhvon'o vii. tomorrow.Literally: when it is morning. Holliman Spelling: ma vo nau o. cf. ma'tavon'o Mkeeta na. Littleman. mkohe
na. monkey. Usage: partial transliteration Obviative: mkhho. See: vo'stanhotame.
from
English
"monkey".Pl: mkheo'o.
-mkhvn vai. monkey - look like a.Literally: (be) monkey-faced. -mkhvne. He looks like a
monkey. BodyPartMedial: -n face. See: mkohe monkey.
ma'- i. red. -ma'va. He has a rash. ts-ma'ome catsup; strawberry pop (lit., red-water). -ma'htse.
He has red lips. Preverb: ma'e-.
ma'- ?? m. roll up. of something made of paper. nesta thee-ma'eneo'o cigarette. onsthko'e-ma'ha.
It is rolled up as a scroll.
ma'aata ni. iron; metal.Variant: ma'kaata. Etymology: *mehkwepya0ekwi (Pe79). Ma'aataestse'henhe na. Iron Shirt. ma'aataho'sta ni. metal stove, cast iron stove. ma'aataemeo'o ni. train.Literally: iron-road. Ma'aataeomn'e na. Iron Lodge Woman. ma'aataetohko ni. bucket.Literally: metal-container. See: ma'aathkon; ma'kaathkon. ma'aatavhahtno'hamesttse ni. horseshoe.Literally: iron-foot-horse-NOM. also, for the horseshoe
used in game of horseshoes.Pl: ma'aatavhahtno'hamstottse.
Ma'aatavhe'na na. Iron Hand. -ma'aatave'xne

metal-eyed. vai. wear eyeglasses. -ma'aatave'xne. He has eyeglasses on.Literally: (be)-
ma'aatave'xanstottse ni. eyeglasses (single pair or plural pairs).Literally: metal-eye things. Hk'e
he'evne ho'tanettse hema'aatave'xanstottse. His glasses are way down on his nose.
Ma'aatavonen'e na. Iron Tooth Woman. ma'aatn'e ni. gun. See: k''e.Literally: iron-bowstring ??. ma'aatn'kso
ni. small caliber rifle, ma'aatn'e.Pl: ma'aatan'ksontse.
rifle
of
.22
caliber.
See: nhpo'henv'e;
ma'aetohko ni. bucket.Literally: metal-container. See: ma'kaathkon. ma'ahtse ni. hand, arm, forearm. This word includes the entire area of the hand and forearm. na-'ahtse
my hand.Pl: ma'htsentse. Stem: -'ahtse. See: -ahtsen mouth.
-ma'ahtse vai. have red lips. -ma'htse. He has red lips. Medial: -ahtsen. ma'an- i. repeat; back together. -ma'anhta'hne He told the same story over and over. ma'ane- pv. repeat; back together. See: va-; hse-; hetse-; vove-; te-. ma'aneesoxa'home Bead it
back together! -ma'aneestsstove It is told over and over (that is, brought back to the starting point again and again). N-manetoo'stse I tied it over and over again (for example, with lots of knots in the same spot).
-ma'aneesoxa'ohe vii. be beaded with a large semicircle design. -ma'aneesoxa'hnstse They are
beaded with a large semicircle design (over the "nose" (instep)).Literally: repeated-nose-beaded.
ma'e- pv. red; reddish. Cheyenne concept of red has blood prototype. See: ma'e. -ma'-hevo It is
orange.
m'e p. Ouch!; it hurts! exclamation. Non-contracted: ma'he. See: ma'e blood. ma'e ni. blood. blood can be prepared and eaten as a Ch. food. See: -ma'eve. Possessive: -htsem'eme;
Oblique: ma'va. Etymology: *meskwi.
ma'he p. Ouch!; it hurts! exclamation. Contracted: m'e. M'eehhe na. (man's name) Red Woman ?? M'ee'se na. Red Nose. -ma'ees vai. red nosed. For example, he has a whiskey nose from so much drinking. -ma'ese. He has
a red nose.
-ma'eese vai. lie with a red nose. -ma'eese He's lying with a red nose. -ma'eesvose vai. have a red nose from the cold. Usage: sounds humorous in Cheyenne. -ma'eesvose.
He has a red nose from the cold. Final: -ose; Medial: -es.
-ma'hahnoh vti. color s.t. red. -ma'hahnha He colored it red. ma'hahnhtse Color it red! Ma'hne'e
na. Red Nape; Red Neck. See: Ma'enotovhe.Literally: red-nape.
translated
as
Red
Neck.Variant: Ma'khne'e.
ma'htseke na. red ant. ma'he'onvose hands red from cold. ma'hevhekv'stse ni. golden-weeds. ma'hevetoome'esttse ni. orange soda. Usage: neologism. -ma'hev
vii. orange. -ma'hevo. It is orange. not a traditional Cheyenne color word. See: mo'htvhev.
Ma'hevo'hame na. Orange Horse. can be a horse name. ma'heseo'tse red medicine; saxifrage. -ma'hoseotse vai. German measles. -ma'hoseotse He has German measles. ma'ho'vohkhtse ni. corned beef.Literally: red-meat. One elder used this to refer to salmon. ma'ho'vohktse ni. corned beef.Literally: red-meat. -ma'ho'he vai. be red hot. tsstae-ma'ho'hetsse after (the rock; obv.) got red hot. [Croft 1988:27:7]
Final: -ho'he.
ma'h'nehe na. red wolf. See: ma'hhe. ma'hhe na. 1 fox; red fox. sometimes used generically of fox and sometimes specifically of the
red fox. AltPl = ma'hoheo'oPl: ma'hoheho. Obviative: ma'hoheho. See: vhkse. 2 Redfox.
Ma'hhvhtse vai. Medial: -ohev.Redshield; Red Fox (society member??). See: Vhphvhtse;
ma'hhe.
Ma'hoohvhtse cj. Redshields society person. Plural: Ma'hoohevase; BodyPartMedial: -ohev. ma'hoohev'eo'o na. lazy women. for example, they don't learn how to bead, etc. Ma'hoohevase
cj. Redshields, Red Fox society, lazy group.Literally: red-nails(shields)-plural. Notes (Phonology) gr (M'hoohevase)Variant: Ma'hoohevaso; Ma'hooheo'o. which society this was is
uncertain; From Grinnell: "an ancient society"; Red Shields (he says "also called 'Bull Soldiers, Hotantxeo'o"). Singular: Ma'hoohvhtse; BodyPartMedial: -ohev.
Ma'hoomhe na. Red Robe. See: Ma'oomtse; Ma'khoomhe. -ma'e'stvose vai. ears red from cold. -ma'e'stvose. His ears are red from the cold.
-ma'e'xan vai. have red eye(s), have bloodshot eyes. See: -mom'e'xan. -ma'e'xne. His eye(s)
is/are red/bloodshot.
ma'e'ohko na. red pipe. the red pipe and other pipes had different symbolisms. See: he'ohko. Etymology:
*meskwixpwa:kana.
ma'e'oo'o na. red pipestone.Pl: ma'e'ono. Obviative: ma'e'ono. -ma'em mbp. blood. See: ma'e. -hvsvema'emao'o They (for example, a certain family or a line of
horses) have bad blood. Possessive: -htsem'eme.
ma'ema'kaata ni. copper.Literally: red-metal. See: ma'kema'kaata penny; ma'kaata metal/money. -ma'ema'kaataevoeme vai. solve minor problems.Literally: penny-valued. -ma'ema'kaataevoeme. He
solves minor problems. Usage: fig., idiom ; obsolescing. See: ma'ema'kaata; ma'kema'kaata.
-ma'mea'xe vai. bloody smell, smell bloody. for example, after butchering. -ma'mea'xe. He smells
bloody.
ma'em'emhne na. red caterpillar. Ma'emeno'h'e ni. Bull Berry Creek. a tributary of the Cheyenne River in South Dakota. ma'emen'e ni. buffalo berry bush. Cheyennes today use the term ma'kementse or ma'ementse for
what they call in English 'buffalo berries' or 'bull berries' ma'kemen'e. See: ma'ementse.
ma'emen''e ni. buffalo berry bush area. -ma'emenoo' vii. ripe. of a berry. -ma'emeno'e. It (esp. berry) is ripe. -ma'emenoo'nstse. They
(berries) are red (that is, ripe).Literally: (be)red-berry.shaped-sit(?). Notes (Phonology) not vs
ma'ementse ni. bull berries; buffalo berries.Variant: ma'kementse. Ma'emstahke na. Red Owl. See: Mstaa'e hma'aestse. ma'emo'khta'e na. 1 orange Indian turnips.Variant: ma'emo'hta'e. Pl: ma'emo'kht'ne.
2 beet.
ma'emneke na. red bean. Usage: rare as sg..Pl: ma'emonkeho. -ma'en vti. vta. redden s.t./s.o. N=ma'etomono tsmhaev'e-ma'enose hestse'emo that red paint that he
had reddened his wife with. [1987:251-52] Medial: -na'v.
-ma'en
vti. vta. roll s.t./s.o. (for example, cigarette paper). nesta theema'eneo'o cigarette (lit. previously this way-rolled; nesta theema'eneono cigarettes).
Ma'ena'vhe na. Red Arm. BodyPartMedial: -na'v. -ma'n vai. have a red face. -ma'ne. He has a red face. See: -ma'neotse. Ma'nh'e na. Red Face Woman. Ma'nhe na. Red Face. -ma'n'o vai. blush. -ma'n'o. He blushed. See: -ma'neotse. -ma'nohts vai. blush. -ma'nhtse. He is blushing. -ma'neotse vai. blush. -ma'neotse. He blushed. Medial: -n. Ma'enetse na. Red Eagle. -ma'nvose vai. have a red face from the cold. -ma'nevose He has a red face from the cold. Final: ose; Medial: -n. Notes (Phonology) hpo
ma'no
na. 1 turtle. Ma'enne ohkephvenheo'o xhonhevosstse naa mato xho'oehvosstse. Turtles taste good when they are baked and also when they are boiled. [1979:205] Ma'no nhpose. It is foggy (lit. turtle is hanging closed; this expression must have something to do with beliefs about turtles)., Etymology: *mexkena:hkwa (Go88); *me'kena:hkwa (Pi) snapping turtle.Pl: ma'enne. Obviative: ma'enne; Diminutive: ma'en'kso. 2 someone who copies others. Usage: fig., So. Ch.. like little turtles which follow a leader and hide in their shells. 3 someone who won't listen. Usage: fig.. Ma'enn-he he-hes'xo'sta. He has ears like turtles (that is, he won't listen). Someone who won't listen is said to have ears like turtles. This
is an effective and humorous idiom, since it is considered that turtles basically have no ears (or just small flaps which hardly count as ears). 4 Turtle.
ma'no ho'ose vai. fog arrived.Literally: turtle arrived ("hanging"). Ma'no nhpose. vai. be foggy.Literally: turtle is blocking-hanging. The literal meaning must have
something to do with a historial belief about turtles.
-ma'enevostomo'he
vai. fig., be timid; follow someone else as leader.Literally: have a turtle personality. -ma'enevostomo'he He thinks like a turtle (=timidly; follows others' leadership). vai. fig., live timidly.Literally: live as a turtle. See: -vo'stanheve. ma'enevo'stanheve He lives as a turtle (=timidly).
-ma'enevo'stanheve
Ma'enhkevo'eha na. Turtle Moccasin. name of a character in a Cheyenne legend. See: mo'keha. Ma'nhtamhnstse vai. Walking Turtle. Ma'enhv'komaestse vai. White Turtle. ma'en'kso na. small turtle.Pl: ma'en'ksono. Ma'enneo'h'e ni. Turtle Creek. A tributary of the South Platte River. ma'ennesttse
ni ??. scraping tool. for scraping hide during tanning; this is hard work. See: ma'enoo'e(?); -nhethoo'e.
Ma'ennvse ni. Turtle Butte. located a little north of the Ponca River. -ma'enohe vai. look red. -ma'enohe. He looks red. for example, of a shirt (animate). Ma'en'e na. Turtle Woman. translation uncertain. ma'enoo'e ?? ni. scraping tool. See: ma'ennesttse. Usage: probably older term than ma'ennesttse;
not well known today.
Ma'enotovhe na. Red Neck. See: Ma'hne'e Red Nape. Medial: -notov. Ma'env'e na. Turtle Woman. ma'eeseo'o ni. rooster comb; roach (headdress worn on top of the head for dancing). Literally: redcomb. made of porcupine quill and stands up like a rooster comb. See: khkoeeseo'o. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: ma'eseontse.
ma'ehtavose legs red from cold. -ma'ehtavose. His legs are red from the cold. ma'eome ni. red lodge, red tepee. Ma'eomen'e na. Red Lodge Woman. Ma'emotome na. Red Breath. Ma'eonhavo'ke na. Red Beads. Is Ma'eonhv'kstse a new formation? Ma'eome na. Red Water. See: -ma'ome. -ma'eoxa'ohe vai. vii. beaded red. -ma'eoxa'hnstse. They are mainly beaded red. -ma'san
vai. dress in red. -ma'sne He is dressed in red. V'keme -ma'sne. Santa Claus is dressed in red. fai: -san2.
Ma'seot'e na. Red Medicine Woman; Red Herb Woman. See: heseo'tse. M'shn'e na. Head Hanging Low Woman. See: Ma'sthon'e. -ma'semohe vai. strain to bend over. -ma'semohe. He was straining to bend over. fai: -mohe. -ma'see vai. lie on stomach. -ma'se He lay on his stomach. ma'sta na. female genitalia; vagina. See: -'est2.Variant: ma'ksta. ma'sta na. female genitalia; vagina. See: -'est2.Variant: ma'ksta. -ma'sta'ee'e vai. hang head down. esp. with sad or other negative feelings. -ma'sta'esstse. He had
his head down. [1980:50:45] Notes (Phonology) vsVariant: -ma'ksta'ee'e.
-ma'st'o vai. fall forward. -ma'st'o. He fell forward. tsstate-ma'st'se when he fell forward
(on his horse). [1987:22]
-ma'ste'e vai. drink while on stomach. -ma'ste'e. He drank on his belly. ma'sthkha'e ni. cap (with a bill). See: hhkha'e. Ma'sthon'e na. Bending Over Woman. See: Ma'shon'e. -ma'sto'ts vti. put s.t. leaning forward. -ma'st'tse. He put it leaning forward.Variant: -ma'ksto'ts.
fti: -o'ts.
-ma'ston vai. head pillowed. -ma'stne. His head is on a pillow. See: ma'stoo'o pillow. ma'stoo'o
na. pillow. Notes (Phonology) vs Etymology: cf. See: mastoo'o throat.Pl: ma'stoono. Obviative: ma'stoono. na. robin.Literally: red-chested-one. Obviative: ma'eeonheho; Medial: -eeon.
Sh
mkiika
/mkita:ka:na/.
ma'eeonhe
Variant: ma'env'kso.
Pl: ma'eeonheo'o.
ma'env'kso na. robin.Literally: red-chested-bird. Variant: ma'eeonhe. -ma'eta vai. Diminutive: -ma'keta.red. -ma'eta. He is red. ts-ma'ettse He who is red. xae-ma'eta
namo'ko ts'hkemxe'stnto. My finger is red (that is, calloused) from writing. vii: -ma'.
ma'etmo na. red paint. used for decorating one's body; a Sun Dance paint; used in altar of Sun Dance.
Obviative: ma'etomono.
Ma'etomon'e na. Red Paint Woman. Ma'etomono'h'e Red Paint River. -ma'etomonevan vti. paint s.t. red.
vta. paint s.o. red. -ma'etomonevanho. He painted him red.
ma'va obl. in blood. See: ma'e. Ma'evhkotsv'e na. Red Fawn Woman. -ma'vho'he vai. redden from heat. -ma'vho'he. He turned red from the heat. -ma'vhtse vai. bloody mouth. -ma'vhtse. He has a bloody mouth. -ma'van vta. bloody s.o. -ma'vanahtse. He's making himself bloody. -ma'vsome vai. dysentary, bloody stool, hemorrhoids.Literally: bloody-stool. -ma'vsome. He has
dysentary / bloody stool. fai: -asme.
-ma'eve vai. vii. bloody. See: ma'e; -vvhetan. -ma'eve It is bloody/it is stained (with blood). maahtse
-ma'vnstse the Sacred Arrows are stained (after a Ch. commits murder; then they need to be
renewed).
ma'veaxeen scratch s.o. until bloody. -ma'veaxeenahtse. He scratched himself until he was bloody. -ma'vees vai. have a bloody nose. -ma'vese. He has a bloody nose. See: -mom'avees. Ma'evhpot'e na. Red Leaf Woman. Ma'eve'se na. Redbird. See: Ma'ev'kso; v'kse. ma'ev'so
na. cardinal, red Obviative: ma'ev'seho.Variant: ma'ev'kso.
bird.Literally: red-bird.
Pl: ma'ev'seo'o.
ma'ev'ho'e
na. 1 German person.Literally: red-ve'ho'e. Pl: ma'ev'h'e. Obviative: ma'ev'h'e. Ma'ev'h'e ana'oo'o. Germans are falling. Usage: fig.; 'Germans are falling' is an idiom for
'They (anyone) are having a dispute.' The idiom arose during the world wars which Cheyennes fought in against the Germans; the idiom comes from the image of Germans falling from the sky using their parachutes.). 2 jack (of playing cards).
Ma'ev'ho'no obl. Germany. Ma'ev'ho'k'e na. German Girl. Ma'ev'ho'k'kso na. German girl.
Ma'ev'ho'kso na. German boy.Pl: Ma'ev'ho'ksono. Feminine: Ma'ev'ho'k'e. ma'ev'kso

na. cardinal, red Obviative: ma'ev'kseho.Variant: ma'ev'so.
bird.Literally: red-bird.
Pl: ma'ev'kseho.
Ma'ev'kso na. Red Bird. possibly Ma'eve'se is more commonly used. -ma'venoesan vai. do something terrible. -ma'venoesne He did something terrible/lit. he wore
(something) bloody.Literally: wear (something) bloody.
-ma'veno' vai. bloody when killing or beating. -ma'ven'e. He bloodied. to bloody someone when
killing or beating them. fai: -no'.
-ma'venohe vai. look bloody. ma'venohe. He looks bloody. -ma'venot vta. bloody s.o. -ma'venotho. He bloodied him. to bloody s.o. when killing or beating
them. fta: -not.
-ma've'e vai. stand bloody. -ma've'e. He's standing bloody. for instance, standing bloody after
being beaten up.
-ma'veotse vai. bleed. See: -ma'eve; ma'e; -momheotse; -heo't; -h''; -hvoeotse; -mom'aeve. ma'veotse He bled/he's bleeding. vta: -ma'voh(n).
ma'veotsv'stse ni. tall weed similar to hemp which emits blood red sap when twisted. -ma'vee vai. lie bloody. -ma've. He's lying bloody. ma'evo ni. nose. See: -'evo. -ma'vone vai. red paint on face. -ma'vone. He has red paint on his face. Medial: -n. -ma'vonn vta. paint face of s.o. red, red paint face of s.o. for example, put the traditional spot of red
paint on the face of the deceased. -ma'voneno. He painted his face red. [1987:251]
-ma'vonn vai. red paint on face. traditionally a sign of mourning after a death. -ma'vnne. He
had red paint on his face.
-ma'voh(n)
vta. cause s.o. to bleed by tool. esp. would refer to causing a virgin to bleed from breaking of the hymen during intercourse. -ma'vohno. He made her bleed. ni. eye. Stem: -'exa. na-'exa my eye. Etymology: *mekiinekwi; mekiineko:li (pl) (Go88).Pl: ma-'xnstse.
Ma'evoto na. Red Tailfeather. See: voto. ma'exa
ma'x'e obl. in the eye(s), on the eye(s). ma'xno on the eye(s). Stem: -'exa. ma'xaenaa've'ho'e na. eye doctor. Usage: not used today. ma'xaev'hentse na. eyelash.Pl: ma-'xaev'henoto. Obviative: ma-'xaev'henoto. ma-'xaev'hentse na. eyelash. See: v'hentse. Usage: may be neologism or loan translation.Pl: ma'xae-v'henoto.
-ma'haahtsen'o vai. open mouth wide. -ma'haahtsen'o. He opened his (own) mouth wide. ma'haa'- i. big. -ma'haa'an
vti. make s.t. louder; turn up volume of s.t. -ma'haa'na He made it louder. See: thpe'an.
-ma'haa'ees vai. have a large nose. -ma'haa'ese. He has a large nose. Medial: -es. See: -thpe'ees. ma'haa'-mo'ko na. thumb. See: Ma'xese.Literally: big-finger. Pl: ma'haa'-mo'kono. ma'haa'mo'ko na. thumb. Usage: may be neologism or loan translation from Petter.Literally: bigfinger.
-ma'haa'eotse vii. vai. wide; large; big. ts-ma'haa'eotse meo'o the wide (road) (Stamper 1991:4). Ma'hehnot'e na. Old Bull. See: hotoa'e. m'haeso voc. old man; husband (voc.). ma'hso na. old man. Diminutive: ma'hhkso.
-ma'haeta vai. large, big. -ma'haeta He's big. Etymology: *me'0eki0wa. vii: -ma'hao'. See: -thpeta. m'hahe voc. chum; friend (male-male). See: nsema'hhe. ma'hhkeehe na. old mouse. See: hhkeehe. ma'hhkhe- pv. old. See: ma'hhkse. ma'hhkheoekse old dog. [1987:258] ma'hhkhev'ho'e old
whiteman.
-ma'hhkhev'ho'ma'h vii. smell of cigar.Literally: smell of old white men. Old men men were
observed smoking cigars so the Cheyenne word developed from that connection.
ma'hhkhno'ha na. Final: -o'ha.old horse. See: mo'hno'ha. ma'hhkse na. old man. hen'hanehe n=ma'hkse tshee'setnse that's the way that old man was
not observant (1987:171).Variant: ma'hhkso. Pl: ma'hhkseho. Obviative: ma'hhkseho.
-ma'hhkshame
na. old man (poss.) (esp. husband or father). na-ma'hhkshame my old man (1987:235). na-ma'hhkshamo my old men. Usage: apparently this term has been in use for quite a few years (that is, apparently not a loan transl. from English).
ma'hhkshasstse voc. Old men! See: mhtamhahhasstse old woman (voc.). -ma'hhkshema'h vii. smell of old people. typically said on the first of a month; this is said to be
the smell in stores because there are many old people who have received their money (for example, Social Security checks) on the first of the month. -ma'hhkshem'ha. It smells like old people.
-ma'hhkshemea'xe
vai. smell of old man. -ma'hhkshemea'xe. He smells like an old man. See: -mhtamhahmea'xe old lady smell.
ma'hhkshso na. little old man. can be a term of teasing or affection; can refer to a younger old
person, such as a 50 year old grandparent, in contrast to a 70 year old one. Pl: ma'hhkshesono. See: ma'hhkso. Singular: dim.
-ma'hhkshevenohe vai. look like an old man. -ma'hhkshevenohe. He looks like an old man. ma'hhkseho ts'hkhovse old age home.Literally: old people where they are. -ma'hhksvn vai. old man face. -ma'hhksvne. He has an old man face. m'hahkeso voc. my old man; husband. See: m'haeso; -ma'hhkshame. ma'hhkso
na. 1 old man. Holliman Spelling: ma ha gi sso.Variant: ma'hhtso. Pl: ma'hhkseho. Obviative: ma'hhkseho; Non-diminutive: ma'hso; Diminutive: ma'hhkshso. Etymology:
*me'swe:hsehsihsikwa (Pi)s. 2 fourth finger. ring finger.
ma'hhkev'ho'e na. old whiteman. ma'hhko'e na. 1 badger. traditional spirit animal for Cheyennes. Notes (Phonology) iahPl: ma'hahk'e.
AltPl = ma'hahk'eo'o [1987:188] Obviative: ma'hahk'e. Etymology: *me'0akwa0kwa. 2 Badger.
Ma'hhko'e htanevsnstse vai. Badger Sees All. This is the badger spirit with whom food and
smokes should be shared. For instance, a hunter who killed a deer would share part of the fresh liver with this badger spirit in hopes that the badger would be gracious to him in the future and allow him to kill another deer. He'potsstse! Nhtshseamahe. Smoke! (So that) I'll get more (in return). (This is traditionally said as someone offers a smoke to this badger spirit, hoping that the badger would be gracious in return.).Variant: Ma'hhko'e htanovsnstse.
Ma'hahko'o'h'e ni. Badger River. enters the South Platte River from the south in eastern Colorado. ma'hahtsen-eestsesttse
NOM. ni. Medial: -ahtsen.vowel. Usage: neologism.Literally: open-mouth-talk-
-ma'hahtsen' vai. open mouth wide. -ma'hahtsen'o. He opened his (own) mouth wide. ma'hhtso na. old man. Usage: old man speech.Variant: ma'hhkso. -ma'hao' vii. big, large. Notes (Phonology) not vs bigger than -thpe' but smaller than -hahpe'. ma'ha'o. It's big. See: -thpe'; -hahpe'; -vonao'; -hemao'; ; -hanao'. vai: -ma'haeta.
ma-'hnne ni. popliteal; back of knee.Pl: ma-'honontse. ma-'hnno ni. area above one's heel ? popliteal ?? M'heeta na. Red Sleeve. ma'heo'o na. sacred power, god, God, medicine, mystery. Note: The term seems to be untranslatable,
at least in the sense of a literal translation. But one elder recently translated it as 'holy one', which makes sense since all verbal forms based on the noun refer to being 'holy, sacred'. Not 'medicine' in the sense of heseo'tse 'herbal (or chemical) medicine' but in the Indian sense of something sacred or a sacred mystery, sacred power. This is only a benevolent power.Pl: vhoo'o. Simplified Spelling: Maheo, Mahiu. Notes (Phonology) apocope, vsPl: ma'heono. Obviative: ma'heneva. ma'henevaho god (obviative; alternate pronunciation). The vocative following is addressed to the sacred powers. It is not used for speaking about the sacred powers, which would be the plural ma'heono. Vocative: Ma'henasstse Sacred powers!. nstoohe Ma'heo'o. God is hollering. (what some people say during thunder). Hayden 1862:309 only has this Cheyenne form under the English entry 'mystery', not under entries for 'god', 'deity', or 'God'; Hayden has the following for this entry: "mysterious, medicine, mystery, spiritual". Anything that the Indians do not understand they consider supernatural, or 'medicine'.". Note: Some people say ma'heono for the obviative; others avoid it probably due to homophony with the plural which they want to avoid so as not to invite the inference of polytheism. Note: This
word has commonly been written maheo. It does not mean "All Father" as claimed by Petter (for example, in his 1915 dictionary, p. 517, under entry 'God') and, following him, Powell (for example, in his book about Sweet Medicine, p. xxi), Ashabranner (Morning Star, Black Sun, p. 10), Moore ("Cheyenne Names and Cosmology", p. 295), and Newcomb (Morning Star, 1983). Apparently Petter's claim originated from lack of phonetic detail in his orthography. The morpheme for 'all' is mhe- (m- in his system); the morpheme for 'father' is /h-/. If it is even possible to create a word meaning 'All Father' it would not be spelled ma'heo'o, which, at a minimum lacks the required complex syllable of mhe- 'all', contains an important glottal stop before the letter -h, and lacks the high phonemic pitch needed on Cheyenne /h-/ 'father'. There IS a word which starts with the complex syllable mhe, although it does not mean 'all' in this case, and ends identically as ma'heo'o does; it is mh'o meaning 'house. There is no relationship to the word ma'heo'o. So then, t he widely publicized meaning of ma'heo'o as All- Father, is erroneous. It may make for interesting theology, but it is not based on the facts of the Cheyenne language, as confirmed by speakers of the language. Based on information from Cheyennes we can speculate that the grammatically singular ma'heo'o may be a a post-missionary term; there is some evidence that the more common earlier term was the grammatically plural ma'heono. Note: Cheyenne Christians frequently emphasize monotheism, in forceful language: Note: The plural has often been used in traditional Cheyenne discourse for various sacred powers. Nho'ht'e ma'heono taa'eva. Spirits came to me last night (for example, can be said at a peyote meeting). Much less commonly 'God' is called Ma'xema'heo'o 'the big God' (1987:216). See under ma'heono for names of some of the most important Cheyenne sacred powers. See: nonma'e; -ma'hename; he'amav'ho'e; ma'heono; Nhe1; nsemoo'o.
Ma'heo'o Amehtse vai. Medicine Walking. ma'heo'o nstoohe vai. there is thunder; thunder is hollering.Literally: god is calling. See: nonma'e. Ma'heo'o hm'hnstse vai. Medicine Appears; Medicine Come In Sight. Ma'heo'o hn'stse
na. Spirit Stands; Standing Medicine; God Standing; Medicine Standing. possibly Ma'h'hn'stse.
Ma'heo'o htshtsstse vai. Medicine Wandering; Holy Walks About; Medicine Walks About. Ma'heo'o hv'komaestse na. White Medicine, White Spirit. ma'hen- i. sacred; holy; spiritual; medicine. Preverb: ma'hene-. Ma'hen'e na. Medicine Woman. See: H'hma'heo'o. -ma'hename na. god, sacred power, medicine (sacred) (poss.). See: -vonh'xa'ame; -he-ma'hename.
na-ma'hename my medicine/god. he-ma'henamo his medicine/his god. he-ma'henamevho their medicine/god. IndepNoun: ma'heo'o.Variant: -ma'henhame.
ma'henasstse voc. sacred powers. ma'henasstse, nohketxeestsmse, "tsa'e nhtshe'potse,"

nohkhetanmse; nmonhe'e, venhe'potse! Sacred Powers, you (pl) go around listening,
"Somewhere I will get a smoke," you (pl) are thinking; come on now, smoke! (said by someone while presenting a pipe to the Sacred Powers of the four directions).Pl: ma'heono. IndepNoun: ma'heo'o.
-ma'henatamaahe vai. holy appearance, appear holy. -ma'henatamaahe. He has a holy appearance. -ma'hentsest vti. regard s.t. as sacred. ma'hene- pv. holy; sacred; spiritual; mysterious. seems to refer more to the character of the object
rather than of his/its activities. For example, a man might be called a ma'hen-hetane, 'holyman', because he is considered to be holy or sacred, like a medicine man. It is secondary that he would do holy activities. (??) This element appears to only be used to describe the qualities of an object (whether animate or inanimate), rather than activities associated with that object. Hence, it has been considered inappropriate to call a temple or church a ma'hene-mh'o 'holy-house', because "that house itself isn't holy". It is insufficient that activities in that house might be associated with God or some other sacred being.
Ma'henemhn'e na. Medicine Walking Woman. Ma'heneamehtse na. Holy Walker; Medicine Walker. Ma'henemeohts'e na. Holy Walking Woman. -ma'heneestse
vai. preach. See: ma'henev'ho'e; preaching.Literally: holy-speak. -estse. -ma'heneestse.
He
is
ma'heneestshetane na. preacher; prophet. See: ma'henev'ho'e.Literally: holy-speaking-man. Ma'heneests'e na. Holy Speaking Woman. ma'heneestsmh'o ma'heneestsve'ho'e
ni. church building. e'estahemano'hesttse.Literally: holy-speaking-house. See: ma'heneve'ho'no;
na. preacher; pastor.Literally: holy-speaking-ve'ho'e. possibly used less commonly for 'priest', also. See: ma'hene-ve'ho'e. day-OBL. Variant: some people may say ma'xema'heneeva meaning 'big holy day' .
Ma'heneeva obl. on Sunday. no'ka Ma'heneeva one week (for example, ago).Literally: holy-ma'heneeeve vii. holy day, Sunday. -ma'heneeeve. It's the holy day. refers to Sunday, for
Cheyennes.
-ma'heneevhan
vai. celebrate big. -ma'heneevhaneo'o. They are having a big celebration.Literally: holy-day-doing. Usage: obsolescing.
Ma'henev'hhtse vai. Medicine Flying. Ma'henevo'ha na. Medicine Horse. Ma'henevo's'e na. Medicine Playing Woman. -ma'henexo'etahe vai. do a miracle, accomplish something spiritual. -ma'henexo'etahe. He
did a miracle. See: -xo'etahe.
ma'henexo'ethesttse
Oblique: ma'henexo'ethstva.
vai.
miracle.Literally: sacred-accomplishment. (poss.).

Usage: probably
-ma'henhame
na. god; sacred power ma'hename.Variant: -ma'hename.
less
common
than
ma'henhe'ohko na. medicine pipe. Ma'henh'po na. sacred smoke. Usage: neologism for 'holy smoke!' ??. ma'henhstnva obl. kingdom of God; God's sphere; God's people; holy city. ma'henhetane na. holy man. for example, the Arrow priest. -ma'henhetaneve vai. be a holy man. -ma'henhetaneve He is a holy man. Ma'henhhn'e na. Medicine Comes Out Woman. Ma'henho'hn'e na. Holy Comes Woman. ma'henho'xevhe na. prophet.Literally: holy-crier. Usage: neologism. ma'henhsstoo'o ni. holy news. See: phvhsstoo'o. Usage: post-missionary term. ma'henhots'o na. angel. Usage: neologism.Literally: holy-worker. Pl: ma'henhotse'ono.
ma'hen-hva na. mysterious beast. a kind of monster. Ma'henekhamaxe ni. Sacred Wood (a river). ma'heneka'kne
na. sacred child. vhoneka'kneho and ma'heneka'kneho were traditionally treated in a special way. Often they were not expected to do work as other children were. See: vhoneka'kne.
ma'henekhkonheo'o ni. communion bread; eucharist bread. -ma'henekhkonheonve'han

xo'ome; vai. take Communion; take Eucharist; Lord's Supper. See: -hetomosanve'han. -ma'henekhkonheonve'hna He took Communion.Literally: holy-bread-eat.
ma'henemahe ni. sacred arrow. See: mahe. Ma'henemhta'soma

na. Holy Spirit. Usage: post-missionary term. Obviative: Ma'henemhta'somaho; Oblique: Ma'henemhta'somhva. See: mhta'soma; Ma'henemotome.
ma'henemhtme ni. spiritual food. neologism. See: mhtme food. Ma'henema'hkeen'e na. Holy Tassel Woman. -ma'henema'xe vai. sacred smell, smell sacred. for example, a smell of sage or cedar from using
them ceremonially. -ma'henema'xe. He has a sacred smell.
Ma'henem'eohts'e na. Holy Appearing Woman. ma'henemxe'stoo'o

See: phvhsstoo'o. ni.
Bible.Literally: holy-book.
Variant: Ma'henxe'stoo'o.
Ma'henenhkohe na. Medicine Bear. Ma'henenmen'e na. Holy Singing Woman. ma'hene-nmeottse ni. spiritual songs (for example, sung in church). apparently this term is used
for songs, whether indigenous or translated, sung by Cheyenne Christians, whereas ma'henenoottse is used for traditional religion sacred songs, such as songs of the medicine men.
-ma'henenonee'e vai. sit singing sacred songs. -ma'henenonee'e. He's sitting singing sacred songs. ma'henenoo'tse ni. sacred song; ceremonial song.Pl: ma'henenoottse. See: ma'hene-nmeottse. ma'henentaxe na. Christian.Literally: spiritual-warrior. Pl: ma'henentxeo'o. See: E'oestahe. ma'henentxvesttse ni. Christians, church.Literally: holy-society. Oblique: ma'henentxvstva.
See: E'oestahesttse.
ma'heneome ni. sacred tent. where the Sacred Arrows are kept; also used in post-missionary period
for the Jewish Tabernacle.
Ma'henemotome
na. Holy Spirit.Literally: lit. holy-breath/air. Usage: seems to be a neologism created by missionary Petter; probably not extant today. See: Ma'henemhta'soma.
Ma'hene'e na. Holy Standing Woman. -ma'henstanove vai. live holy life. Tsitsistas -ma'henstanoveo'o. Cheyennes live a holy life / they
are a spiritual people. John SIT used to say this.
-ma'henstn vai. do a sacred ceremony. -ma'henstne. He did a sacred ceremony.

See: -oestn; ma'henstoo'o; -ma'henstonan; -thetn.
[1987:107]
ma'henstnesttse ni. sacred ceremony; sacred thing.Pl: ma'henstnstottse. ma'henstoo'o

na. idol; godlike thing. See: vonh'xa'e; ma'henstn; -ma'hename. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: ma'henstoono. Obviative: ma'henstoono. -ma'heno'etahe; -xo'etahe.
-ma'henstonan vai. miracle perform. -ma'henstonne. He did a miracle. See: -ma'henstn; -ma'henstxe'
vai. sacred writings on face; painted sacred. -ma'henstx'e. He has sacred writings on his face.
-ma'henetan vai. think in a sacred way, think spiritually, follow traditional Indian religion. See: ma'heno'etahe; -ma'heneve. -ma'henetno. He is thinking in a sacred way. Mtaohkee=ta'se=momtsstvo'ehahtshhe tsstaeto'senhee-ma'henetanse. (A person)
goes through much difficulty when he comes to that (traditional Cheyenne) sacred way of thinking. (1987:210). nx=hovtse=heema'henetanoo'o, -ma'heno'etheo'o They thought in various religious ways, -- did religious ceremonies. (1987:115).
ma'heneva
na. God, god, sacred spirt. Usage: probably more recent obviative than ma'heono. Singular: ma'heo'o.
ma'henev'ho''e na. preacher's wife; Christian woman; nun. Usage: can be used for a Cheyenne
Christian woman, sometimes pejoratively.
ma'henev'ho'e
na. priest, minister, preacher, Christian.Pl: ma'henev'h'e. See: e'estahe; ma'heneestsve'ho'e; ma'heneestshetane. Usage: sometimes used pejoratively for 'Christian',
esp. for a Cheyenne Christian.
ma'heneve'ho'no ni. church property; church grounds. See: ma'heneestsmh'o.Literally: holyplace.
-ma'henev'ho'vsan vai. wear minister's clothes, wear priest's clothes. -ma'henev'ho'vsne.

He's wearing the clothes of a minister/priest. fai: -san2.
Ma'henev'kso na. Medicine Bird. See: V'kshma'henevstse. Ma'henev'eeseo'o na. Holy Medicine Bag. ma'henevesttse ni. godliness. Oblique: ma'henvstva. ma'henevo'stane na. ceremonial person.Pl: ma'henevo'staneo'o. See: vo'stane person. ma'henevo'stanhevesttse
ni. ceremonial. See: -ma'heno'etahe. ohkeetotxstnvo hema'henevo'stanhvstvvo They would talk about their ceremonials (1987:114).Literally: sacred-live-NOM.
-ma'henevo't vta. call s.o. holy. N-ma'henevo'ottse. I'm calling you holy. Ma'henevoo'e na. Medicine Sitting. Crazy Mule's Indian name. Ma'honvoo'e na. Medicine Sitting. one of Dull Knife's sons had this name. Ma'henxo'staenstse
from Greek
vai. Christ. See: -xo'st'e; Vo'stanvstmanhe. Usage: loan translation via Petter; not used today.Literally: holy-anointed.one. Variant: Ma'henxo'stanaa'stse. claimed by some Cheyennes that this is the older "more Indian" term, compared to ma'heo'o. Also, in terms of the obviative, this is older than Ma'heneva which is the preferred obviative by many speakers, esp. Christians, today. Vocative: ma'henasstse; Singular: ma'heo'o. Some of the sacred powers are: nonma'e 'thunderbird, thunder god'; ho'ham'etane 'spring (of water) god'; ha'hvhne 'wind spirit'; and hevovetso 'whirlwind (or tornado) spirit'. The badger, ma'hhko'e, is an important spirit with whom food, drink, and smokes should be shared. If these things are shared with him, the badger will, in turn, be merciful to the sharer, and continue to provide him with necessary sustinence. An important name for the badger spirit is Ma'hhko'e htanevsnstse 'Badger Who Sees All'. The nsemono are sacred powers that can assist their "owners".
ma'heono na. sacred powers. Ma'heono veo'o. The spirits are camped (all around us). It has been
ma'henhom'hesttse ni. sacred ceremonial dance. -ma'hen'an vai. speak sacred language, sacred speak. -ma'hen'ne. He's speaking the sacred
language. See: -momhthv'an.
-ma'heno'etahe
vai. do something sacred, perform a sacred ceremony, perform magic, perform miracles. can be said of a magician. -ma'heno'etahe. He did something ceremonial. tsma'heno'ethese those who performed the ceremony (1987:95). M'ome tsxheevese ts'hke-ma'heno'etaestse Ice, as he was named, who used to do miracles (1987:107). See: ovvo'etahe; -xo'etahe. fai: -o'etahe.
-ma'heno'eth-thetan vai. think to do something sacred. -ma'heno'eththetno He

is thinking to do something sacred.
ma'heno'ethve'ho'e na. magician.Literally: sacred-doing-ve'ho'e. Pl: ma'heno'ethv'h'e.
Ma'heno'hon'e na. Holy Tepee Circle Woman. Ma'heno's'e na. Holy Dancer Woman. Ma'heno'x'e na. Holy Packs Woman. Ma'heno'kht'e na. Holy Corn Woman. See: hoo'khtse.Variant: Ma'heno'ht'e. Ma'heno'ht'e na. Holy Corn Woman. See: hoo'khtse.Variant: Ma'heno'kht'e. Ma'henoom'e na. Holy Robe Woman. ma'henxe'stoo'o ni. Bible.Literally: sacred-book. Variant: ma'henemxe'stoo'o. Ma'henxo'stanaa'stse ma'(k)- i. red. See: ma'-. ma'kaata ni. money; metal; coin; wire. The /k/ may indicate a dim.Variant: ma'aata. hevema'kaata
brass (lit. yellow-metal). ma'ema'kaata copper (lit. red-metal).Pl: ma'kaatnstse. The pl. typically means 'coins' or 'dollars.'. Obviative: ma'kaatava; Possessive: -ma'kaataame.
vai. Christ. Usage: missionary term.Literally: one anointed by God. Variant: Ma'henxo'staenstse.
ma'kaata ts'oome
vii. telegraph. See: hhta'han-ma'kaata.Literally: metal (that is, telegraph key) which.is-struck.
-ma'kaatame ni. money (poss.). Notes (Phonology) iah na-ma'kaatame my money. he-ma'kaatame
his money. he-ma'kaataamvo their money. IndepNoun: ma'kaata.
ma'kaatamh'o ni. bank.Literally: money-house. ma'kaatave'ho'e na. treasurer; banker.Literally: money-ve'ho'e. Pl: ma'kaatav'h'e. ma'kaatave'ho'seko ni. coin purse. See: v'ho'seko. ma'kaataev'kso
na. hummingbird.Literally: metal-bird. Obviative: ma'kaataev'kseho. Pl: ma'kaataev'kseho.
-ma'kaatavstona'e vai. stand as metal. See: -ho'honevstona'e. -ma'kaatavstona'e He

stands as metal (statue). ts-ma'kaatavstonastse statue (one which stands as a metal representation?). Notes (Phonology) vs
Ma'kaatavonen'hhe na. Iron Teeth Woman. ma'kaatavxe'stoo'o ni. check, paper money. See: mxe'stonma'kaata. ma'kaatohko ni. bucket.Literally: metal-container. See: ma'aathkon; ma'aetaethkon. -ma'kas
vai. show (pregnancy) a little, red stomach. -ma'kse. She is showing a little. See: thpetohts. Antonym: -thpe'kas.
M'ks'e na. Big Belly Woman. See: M'ks'hhe. -ma'ksotse vai. 1 become hung-over at the belly.
2 become fat. Nase-ma'ksotse I'm starting to get fat. Medial: -as. Usage: humorous; said to
be an old word.
ma'khhnvso na. 1 cockleburs, burs. term for both the plant and the reddish burs from the plant.
-mhoe't't'e ma'khhnvso. He has burs stuck all over him. See: hhnvso. 2 boyfriends. -phoeots't'e ma'khhnovaso. She has lots of boyfriends (lit. cockleburs are stuck to her). Usage: fig..
ma'khhovahne na. mudhen; coot. See: xhkema; ma'khane; mhkema.Pl: ma'khhovhneo'o. ma'khne na. mudhen. probably less commonly used than other possible terms here for 'mudhen'.
See: xhkema; mhkema; ma'khhovahne ??.
Ma'khne'e
na. Red Nape; Red Neck. See: Ma'enotovhe.Literally: red-nape.
translated
as
Red
Neck.Variant: Ma'hne'e.
ma'khestaahtsmeno na. red berries (similar to rose hips) which grow on tall bushes. only eat the
top part; you get an itchy rectum if you eat the seeds.
-ma'kho't vii. red from heat. -ma'kh'ta. It is red from heat (or sun).
Ma'khoomhe na. Red Robe. See: Ma'hoomhe. ma'kema'kaata ni. penny.Literally: red-metal. Variant: ma'ema'kaata. See: ma'ema'kaata copper. M'keme na. (man's name). ma'kementse ni. buffalo berries; bull berries. Both English terms are used by Cheyennes for these
berries.Literally: red-berries. Variant: ma'ementse.
Ma'knhe na. Red Faced. name given to a German man. BodyPartMedial: -n. ma'ksepv. forward. -ma'kseav'o I fell forward. See: hanse-; maato. M'ks'hhe na. Red Berries Cactus Woman. translation uncertain. See: M'ks'e. -ma'kse'e vai. stooped over, stand stooped over. -ma'kse'e. He's standing stooped over. fai: -. -ma'ksee vai. lie face down. -ma'kse. He's lying face down. -ma'ksevo'oh(n) vta. tip s.o. forward. -ma'ksevo'hnho. He tipped him forward. ma'(k)es(t)- i. forward. ma'ksta ni. female genitalia; vagina.Variant: ma'sta. Stem: -'kest2; Possessive: -htse'kest; Medial: -ah.
See: ma'kestsstse.
-ma'kstahe vai. bent over. -ma'kstahe. He's bent over. -ma'ksta'ee'e vai. sit hanging head down. for example, in shame. -ma'ksta'ee'e. He sat hanging his
head down. Notes (Phonology) vsVariant: -ma'sta'ee'e. BodyPartMedial: -a'. See: -'kava'ee'e; kva'ee'e; -hssts'ee'e.
-ma'ksta'oeem
vta. bown down to s.o. -ma'ksta'oeemho. He bowed down to him. BodyPartMedial: -a'. BodyPartMedial: -a'.
-ma'ksta'ohts vai. walk with head down. -ma'ksta'htse. He's walking with his head down. -ma'ksta' vai. fall forward, trip forward. -ma'kst'o. He fell forward. Usage: This form is probably
more commonly used than -ma'sta'..Variant: -ma'sta'. See: -hanhta'.
-ma'ksto't vii. lean forward. -ma'kst'ta. It is leaning forward. for example, of the front of a house
that leaning down.
-ma'ksto'ts vti. put s.t. leaning forward. -ma'kst'tse. He put it leaning forward. fti: -o'ts.Variant: ma'sto'ts.
-ma'kstoo'e vai. sit leaning forward. -ma'kstoo'e. He is sitting leaning forward. ma'kestsstse
ni. tent or tepee peg; stake.Pl: ma'kstsettse. Oblique: ma'kststsva. Usage: pronunciation, esp. of the singular, avoided by many due to similarity in sound to ma'kesta 'female genitalia'. See: ma'kesta. ni. tent or tepee peg; stake.Pl: ma'kstsettse. Oblique: ma'kststsva. Usage: pronunciation, esp. of the singular, avoided by many due to similarity in sound to ma'kesta 'female genitalia'. See: ma'kesta.
ma'kestsstse
-m'kee vai. lie forward. -m'ke. He's lying forward. Ma'kheomenhe na. Little Lodge. ma'ko'keha ni. red shoe. See: mo'keha. Masculine: ma'k'se. ma'ko's'e youngest child (when a girl). Masculine: ma'k'se. ma'k'se na. youngest child (when it's a boy). sometimes thought to have sacred powers, as described
in some Cheyenne legends; often believed to be smart, wise, since he can get the accumulated knowledge of his older siblings. See: -m'ko'seo'o. Obviative: ma'ko'shneva; Feminine: ma'ko's'e; Simplified Spelling: makos, makus.
-m'ko'seo'o
ni. clitoris. See: -m'ooseo'o(?); -'kstn; ma'k'se. he-m'ko'seo'o her clitoris. hem'ko'seonevo their clitoris(es?). Usage: Usage status is uncertain. Possibly only used by a
single individual..
-ma'kome
vii. be red liquid. ts-ma'kome that which is red liquid (that is, alcohol) (1987:12).Variant: -ma'ome. Final: -ome.
ma'komeehso na. kinnikinnic. a mixture of dried leaves, bark, and sometimes tobacco smoked by
Indians and pioneers; esp. for Ch.'s = a bush bark used for smoking. Pl: ma'komeehesono. Obviative: ma'komeehesono. this pipe mixture is used as part of general Sun Dance equipment.
ma'ma'e p. ouwie. Usage: babytalk. Ma'mh'e na. Red Woman. ma'nom'ne na. salmon.Literally: red-fish. Variant: ma'enom'ne. -ma' vii. red. -m'o. It's red. sa-ma'hane. It is not red. Etymology: *meskwe:wi/meskwa:wi. vai: ma'eta.
-ma'oest vai. wear a red dress. -ma'osta. She's wearing a red dress. Final: -oest. See: -hevoest. ma'hkee'e ni. tassel, plume. originally referred to tassels of corn but extended to plumes worn for
powwow dancing. See: a'k'hso; voto; hoo'khtse.Pl: ma'hkeentse. Notes (Phonology) vs
Ma'hkn'e
Woman.
na. Red Tassel Woman, Red Feather Woman. sometimes translated as Red Rust
-ma'hkha' vai. wear a red hat. h-ma'htha'asstse (with old male palatalization of k) He wore a
red cap. [JOURNEY.TXT]
Ma'hkha'e Red Hat. Ma'hkha'he na. Red Hat. ma''stse ni. prairie grass.Literally: red-grasses. Ma''ham's'o ni. Red Willow Basket. Usage: obsolete. See: h'ham's'o. ma'o'hon'e na. brick; red rock. See: ho'hon'e. ma'o'honeo'o na. red shale.Literally: red-rocks. -ma'o'khan vai. wear red shoes. -ma'o'khna He has on red shoes. Ma''kn'e na. Red Blind Eye Woman. Ma'o'nhe na. Red Wolf. See: h'nehe. -ma'o'omen
vii. be a red hill. tsh-ma'o'omno where that (high) red hill is (1987:190).Variant: ma'o'omene [for a minority of (probably younger) speakers]. Final: -o'omen.
-ma'o't vii. sit red. -ma''ta. It is sitting there red. for example, of a red hill. -ma'ma'ene vii. be red clay (color). -ma'ma'ene. It's red clay (color). 2 poles (used in Sun Dance
lodge).
ma'ma'htse
ni. red earth. It is believed that the first men were See: vhpoma'htse salt.
made from this.
-ma'ma'htsv vii. pink. -ma'ma'htsvo. It is pink. See: -ma' red. m'ome 1 ni. ice. See: -ohta. Etymology: *mexkwamya. Oblique: ma'omva. Notes (Phonology) iah
2 na. Ice.
Ma'omtane
na. Eskimo. Usage: neologism.Literally: ice-person. See: Hesta'svo'stane; nma'nemvoso ??.
Pl: Ma'omtaneo'o.
ma'omva obl. on the ice. IndepNoun: m'ome. -ma'omeve vii. be icy. -ma'omeve. It is icy/it is ice. -ma'omvoht vii. icy. for example, when sidewalks are icy. -ma'omvhta. It is icy/there is a layer
of ice on top. Final: -ohta.
-ma'omvoo'koh
vii. sleet. -ma'omevoo'kho It is sleeting. Usage: neologism; probably not commonly used.Literally: ice-snow.
ma'om-vothno ni. icewell. Usage: possible loan transl. from English. Ma'o'ht'e na. Red Corn Woman. See: hoo'khtse; ma'hk'e.
Ma''xnhe na. Red Roman Nose. Ma'oomhtse na. Red Robe. See: Ma'hoomhe; Ma'khoomhe. ma'om'esttse ni. strawberry soda pop; catsup. See: -ma'kome.Literally: red-liquid-drink-NOM.
Final: -ase'e.Variant: ts-ma'ome.
M'oome Redwater (South Canadian River; Okla.). See: Ma'eome. -ma'ome

vii. red water, red liquid, strawberry soda pop; catsup. -ma'ome. It is red liquid. 'hkexae-ma'omnse mahpe. The water got all bloody. [JOURNEY.TXT] See: Ma'eome; ma'kome; m'ome. Etymology: *meckwa:kamyiwi.
ma'omh'eontse ni. wild Oklahoma tea (plants). -ma'va vai. red welted, rash. -ma'va. He has red welts. Medial: -ov; Initial: ma'-. -ma'ov vta. pretend to s.o. -ma'ovho. He pretended to him. fai: -man. See: -mane; -nhesman. -ma'ov vai. have red fur (or hide). -ma'va. He (for example, roan horse) is red furred (or has a red
hide). ts-ma'vtse the roan (horse; lit. the one which has red hide).
ma'ovhe na. roan.Literally: red-furred-one. See: -ma'ov. Ma'ovs'e na. Red Haired Woman. -ma'ovs vai. have red hair. -ma'ovse. He has red hair. See: -ovs; me'ko. Ma'ovshe na. Red Hair. -ma'xe' vai. red-painted face. esp. of dancer. -ma'x'e. He is face-painted red. See: Ma'etomon'e; ma'von.
ma'pa'o ni. back (of body). See: -'pa'o. ma'pa'on-txhaseo'o ni. upper back bustle. See: -'pa'o. Usage: neologism for a modern innovation. m's- i. exhaust; finish. See: m't-; mhe-; mae-; ms-. m'sepv. finish, exhaust. See: -m'tanen. -m'semsehe He finished eating. N-m'setshsenestse I
ran out of Cheyenne (speaking). N-m'sev'ho'nestse. I ran out of something to say in English. Etymology: *me:'ci.
-m's-ho'tsehe vai. spend all money on gifts. esp. about courting a woman by giving her money;
can include giving money for sex (as with a prostitute). -m'sho'tsehe He spent all his money. See: -ho'tsehe.
-m'senestse vai. exhaust speaking, run out of words. that is, run out of things to say. Initial: m'se-;
fai: -nestse. See: -m't'an.
-m'sen'e vai. finish sewing. -m'sen'e. She finished sewing. fai: -n'. See: -hahpen'e. -m'seno'oohe vai. complete killing quickly, kill all quickly. -m'seno'oohe. He killed all (of them)
quickly. fai: -no'.
-m'snme vai. complete sleep. -m'senome. He got enough sleep. Nsa-m'snmhe. You didn't
get enough sleep. N-m'senomehe? Did you get enough sleep?
-m'senot vta. kill all of s.o. only used of pl. objects. See: -mhenot; -mheem. -m'senotho. He
killed all of them. N-m'senotoo'o. I slew them en masse / killed them all. fta: -not.
-m'seohe vai. run down. for instance, of a windup watch. -m'seohe. He ran down. -m'seohts
vai. vii. exhaust; run out. See: -o'hmeotse. naa ts'va-m'sehtse mahpe and when the water ceased (1987:114).
-m'seohtsetse hestse'e vai. have cirrhosis of the liver. -m'seohtsetse hestse'e He has cirrhosis of the
liver.Literally: his liver is exhausted.
-m'se'e vai. finish standing, complete standing. -m'se'e. He finished standing. -m'seotse vai. vii. become exhausted; depleted; run out. -m'seotse It ran out. -m'seotse pnheo'o.
The flour has run out. Antonym: -he'eotse.
-m'see vai. complete lying. -m'se. He has completed lying there.
-m'setshsenestse vai. exhaust speaking Cheyenne. that is, run out of things to say in Cheyenne.
N-m'setshsenestse I ran out of things to say in Cheyenne.
-m'sev'ho'nestse vai. exhaust speaking English. that is, run out of things to say in English. Nm'sev'ho'nestse I ran out of things to say in English.
-m't i. exhaust; finish; all. -m'thtva. He has sold everything. -m'thpeotse. It all melted. Nm'txe'stne. I have written everything (I had to write). See: m's-; m'se-; -m'tanen.
ma'ta
ni. bow. Nhkhema'ta Bearbow (a name). Usage: obsolescent ??. See: ma'thke; ma'tke; ma'tno. Etymology: cf. *me'tekwi 'stick'.
ma'ta'e 1 ni. forest; timber; brush.Pl: ma'ta'stse. Locative: ma'ta'e. Notes (Phonology) iah Etymology:
cf. *me'teko:ki. See: ma'tke; ma'tno; hoohtsstse; mthaa'e. Notes (Phonology) not vs 2 na. Forest.
ma'taa'hova na. forest animal. Usage: neologism. Ma'taa''e na. Forest Woman; Timber Woman. Ma'taa'na'han'e na. Kills In the Forest Woman. ma'taa'tane na. forest person.Pl: ma'taa'taneo'o. probably mythical type people that Cheyenne used
to believe in ?? A traditional song refers to these people: "Ma'taa'taneo'o nstonevnhtseo'o," henove. "The forest people are making noises with their footsteps," it is said.
-ma'taa'eve vii. be a forest. -ma'taa'eve It is a forest. Ma't'hn'stse vai. Stands In Timber. Name of the late Cheyenne tribal historian, John Stands In
Timber, who co-authored the book "Cheyenne Memories." The current family name comes from him. It is sometimes shortened to "Timber" in English.
ma'taame'xove vii. as time goes along in the future. ma'taetohko ni. metal dish. esp. one made of tin. Non-contracted: ma'taehetohko. See: hetohko. -m'th'en vai. complete cooking. -m'th'ne. She completed cooking. ma'thke ni. bow. See: ma'tke; ma'ta'e; Nhkhema'ta; ma'tno. Usage: archaic. -m'tho'he vai. run out of gas. N-m'tho'he. I ran out of gas.Literally: exhaust-by.heat. -m'tho'hov
vai. run out of fuel, exhaust ammunition. -m'tho'hva. He ran out of fuel (for example, firewood). N-m'tho'hva. I used up all my shells. Final: -aho'hov.
-m'tho't vii. burn up. -m'th'ta It burned up.Literally: exhaust-by.heat. -m'ta''san vai. finish hurriedly. -m'ta''sne. He finished hurriedly. See: -m'tanen. -m'ta''ts vti. exhaust s.t. -m'ta''tse. He exhausted it / he ran out of it. See: -m'tanen. -m'tan vti. finish s.t.
vta. finish s.o. -m'tanho. He finished him.
-m'tanen ma'tno
vai. finish. -m'tanne. He finished. This is a less hurried completion of a task than m'ta''san. See: -m'ta''san finish hurriedly; -m'to'etahe finish doing something. ni. bowstring.Pl: ma'tannstse. See: ma'tke; Hma'tanohese; ho'tanono. Etymology: *me'tekwa:pye:li (pl) (Go88).
-m'te'e vai. finish drinking. -m'te'e. He finished drinking. -m'tatov vii. fire run out of smoke. -m'tatva The fire ran out of smoke / He quit.
vai. give up, quit. Usage: fig..
-m'tatovotse vii. fire run out of smoke. -m'tatovotse. The fire ran out of smoke / He gave up.
vai. give up, quit. Usage: fig..
ma'tavon'o vii. tomorrow. See: -vona'; mhvon'o.Literally: CJ-TRANS-morning. -m'toem vai. vii. be the end of the month. naa msta-m'toemhhe December and it was the end of the
month of December (1987:44).Literally: be finished valued.
-m'tst vti. finish s.t. (course of study); graduate s.t. esp. of finishing high school. e-m'tsta.
He is out of (high) school.
-m'tostn vai. graduate.Literally: finish-writing. -m'tstne. He graduated. fai: -ostn. -m'toh vti. exhaust s.t. by tool. -m'tha He exhausted it by tool. -m'thantse hotseontse. He
got all the (handgame) sticks.
-m'toh(n) vta. exhaust s.o. by tool. for example, break or chop s.o.; also used when beating s.o. in
poker so they can't bid anymore, "cleaning them out". -m'thnho. He finished him off. See: -mat'oh(n); -m'to'eh.
-m'thpeotse vii. completely melt, fizzle out. -m'thpeotse. It's all melted.
vai. fizzle out; quit. for example, of a person who throws his hands up and quits. See: -hhpeotse.
-m'thta'han vai. finish telling a story. -m'thta'hne. He finished telling a story. -m'thtv vai. sell everything, trade everything, finish trading, buy everything, spend everything.
N-m'thtva. I finished shopping. See: -hohtv; -m'to'ests.
-m'thtvaoohe vai. spend everything quickly. N-m'thtvaoohe. I spent all my money shopping. -m'to'a'xe vai. run out of energy. -m'to'a'xe. He ran out of energy. -m't'an
vai. finish speaking; finish pronouncing. -m't'ne. He finished speaking/he finished pronouncing. N-m'to'anehe? Did you finish speaking? for example, complete the sentence.
-m'to's vii. fire go out. -m'to'se. The fire went out. fii: -o'as. -m'to'sotse vii. fire go out, fire run out of wood. -m'to'sotse. The fire ran out of wood. -m'to'eh vta. exhaust s.o., finish with s.o. can refer to completing sex with s.o. -m'to'eeho. He
finished with her. See: -hano'eh; -m'toh(n).
-m'to'ests vti. spend all of s.t. foolishly. -m'to'estse. He spent all of it foolishly. See: -m'thtv. -m'to'etahe vai. finish a ceremony, finish doing something, finish sex. -m'to'etahe. He finished
what he was doing. See: -m'ta''san.
-m'to'h(n) vta. beat s.o. in a bet; out-bet s.o. -m'to'ohno. He beat him in a bet/he 'out-bet' him. m'to'hnho. (pronunciation of younger speakers). See: -h'tah(n).
-m'toneeotse vii. vai. run out (of thread or other rope-shaped object). -m'toneeotse. He/It (ropelike)
ran out. Ho'tanono taem'toneeotseo'o. The thread has run out.
-m'tnov vai. finish speaking. -m'tnv He finished talking. Final: -nov. -m'totse'ohe
vai. finish work, retire. See: -notse'ohe. -m'totse'ohe. He retired. sav'nheem'totse'hstse if he had not finished working (1987:199).
-ma'tkan vai. make bows. 'hke-ma'tkne. He used to make bows. IndepNoun: ma'tke. ma'tke ni. bow (for shooting arrows). chokecherry bushes make good bows.Pl: ma'tkehtse. AltPl
= ma'tkstse Simplified Spelling: machk. See: ma'ta'e; ma'tno; ma'thke; maahe. Etymology:
cf. *me'tekwi stick; cf. Ar bte' bow.
ma'-tke'ma'heneeeve vii. when it is Saturday; on Saturday. ma'xe- pv. much, big. -ma'xemsehe. He ate a lot. -ma'xenetse'e. He told a big lie. Etymology: *me'i-.
Reduplicated: mma'xe-. See: he-; hohe-; osee-; thpe'-; vot'-.
ma'xeamho'hesttse ni. van.Literally: big-car. Usage: neologism. ma'xeamvht'hesttse ni. truck.Literally: big-hauling-thing. Ma'xeso na. Thumb; Big Monster ?? See: ma'haa'-mo'ko. Ma'xe'omet'e ni. Mississippi River, Missouri River. Some use this word for the Missouri River and
others use it for the Mississippi. Some use 'omet'e for the Missouri River.Literally: big-greasy.(river). See: 'omet'e.
ma'xhhnoma na. bumblebee.Literally: big-bee. ma'xhahpanovhe na. big monster. one of several monsters.Literally: big one who clamps (down).
Ma'xhahthe na. Big Foot. Usage: neologism, based on English term 'Big Foot'; not an Indian name.
Reduplicated: Mma'xhahthe. See: ma'xemstaa'e.
ma'xhmko ni. Literally: big-spoon. stirring spoon, big spoon. See: hmko. ma'xhe'e'he na. old maid, spinster.Literally: big-unmarried.woman. See: he'e'he. Ma'xhe'konee'he na. January.Variant: Ma'xhe'konnee'he. Ma'xhe'konnee'he
December; November; January. which calendar period referenced is uncertain. See: He'konenee'he; Stoveaneee'he.Literally: big-hard.face-moon. Medial: n.Variant: Ma'xhe'konnehe; Ma'xhe'konee'he.
na. January. one word which January.Variant: Ma'xhe'konenee'he. See: Tke'he'konnehe.
Ma'xhe'konnehe ma'xh'ne
has
been
used
for
na. 1 turkey. Ma'x'ne is historically expected, but several speakers insist ma'xh'ne is the correct pronunciation; one elder suggests 'turkey' means 'big woman' (which would be ma'x-h'e), which may simply be a folk etymology, but ma'xh'ne may be historically reanalyzed based on this folk etymology.Pl: ma'xhe'neo'o. Obviative: ma'xhe'nho; Diminutive: ma'xh'ne. Etymology:
*me'ci'le:wa; cf. M mese:'naew. 2 Turkey.
Ma'xhe'no'h'e Solomon River.Literally: turkey-creek. Medial: -ht. ma'xhe'nso na. young turkey. Non-diminutive: ma'xh'ne. Ma'xhe'nvehthe na. Turkey Legs. -ma'xhemxem vai. have much firewood. -ma'xhemxme He has lots of firewood. Ma'xhenmosstse na. Big Lefthand. See: -henamse. ma'xhe'htto vai. alligator; dinosaur. Usage: probably a neologism.Literally: big-salamander. ma'xheveamho'hesttse
ni. big See: ma'xheveameohesttse.Variant: heveamho'hesttse.
schoolbus.Literally: big-yellow-car.
ma'xheveameohesttse ni. school bus, bus.Variant: ma'xheveamho'hesttse. ma'xhevema'xemeno na. grapefruit. See: hevema'xemeno. ma'xheseo'tse ni. big medicine. apparently a plant used in many medicinal mixtures. Ma'xhesovo'o'h'e ni. Big Sandy River. known today as the Red River in Okla. Ma'xhesta'e na. Big Branch. ma'xhesthttse baloney. Ma'xhetane na. Bigman. ma'xhevovetso ni. tornado.Literally: big-whirlwind. See: hevovetso. ma'xhohtvamh'o ni. Lame Deer IGA store; Lame Deer Trading Post.Literally: big-store. Ma'xhohtsee'he
Big Hoop Moon, February.
See: Hohtsee'he; Tke'hohtsee'he; He'konenhesee'he.
ma'xho'amstoto na. big shot. Usage: literal loan translation from English; vulgar play on words
which can refer to a big ejaculation. See: -ho'am; -nhe'otse.
Ma'xh'nehe na. Big Wolf. Ma'xhma'e na. Big Beaver. ma'xhotheome

ni. poor man's lodge. like a small-scale sweat lodge; made out of willows or chokecherry trees. See: hotheome.
Ma'xeksovhe na. Big Young Man. Ma'xekseho'honva Bighorn Mountains. Ma'xekseo'h'e Big Horn River; St. Xavier, Montana. Literally: big-sheep-river. Variant: Kseo'h'e. Ma'xekse'he'keso Little Bighorn River. Usage: this form and the variant may be loan translations
from English.Variant: Tke'kseo'h'e.
-ma'xe'hahe vai. loud voice. -ma'xe'hahe. He has a loud voice. [PD673] Ma'xe'pa'o na. Big Back. Ma'xemhove'ho'eno ni. Miles City, Montana.Literally: big-town. ma'xema'heo'o God. Usage: This word may have been in common usage in the past, perhaps in the
late 1800's and early 1900's, but today only ma'heo'o is used..Literally: big-sacred.power. See: ma'heo'o.
m'xeme 1 na. apple. Usage: Montana dialect.Literally: big-berry. Pl: ma'xemeno. Obviative: ma'xemeno.
Notes (Phonology) iah Etymology: *me'imini. ni. apple. Usage: Oklahoma dialect.Pl: ma'xementse. ma'xemensontse apples (alternate used
in Oklahoma). 2 ni. plum, apple. 'plum' is inanimate in Mont. and Okla.; 'apple' is inanimate in Okla. See: hevem'xeme; mene; thtoo'ma'xeme. Etymology: *me'iminali (Pi). 3 na. Big Berry.
ma'xemenkhmxe ni. apple crate.Literally: apple-wood(stick). Ma'xemen'e na. Apple Woman. ma'xemen-mahpe ni. apple juice.Literally: apple-water. -ma'xemeneve ma'xemeno
vai. vii. be an apple. apple is animate in Montana, but inanimate in Okla. ma'xemeneve. It is an apple. na. apples. 'apples' is animate for Northern Cheyennes but inanaimate for Southern Cheyennes. Singular: m'xeme.
ma'xemen'e plum bush; apple tree.Pl: ma'xemen'stse. these plum tree saplings are used in altar of
Sun Dance. Medial: -'(e).
ma'xementse ni. plums (esp. wild plums); apples (in Okla.). See: m'xeme. ma'xemstaa'e na. 1 great horned owl. Holliman Spelling: mi khi miss daa i.Pl: ma'xemstaeo'o.
2 giant. See: Ma'xhahthe.
Ma'xem's'e na. Big Calf. ma'xemo'htev'ho'e

tarantula.Literally: big-black-spider. Pl: mma'xemo'htev'h'e. Obviative: ma'xemo'htev'h'e. pl. is lit. big (redup.)-black-spiders.
Ma'xenmosstse na. Big Left Hand. See: Nmosstse. ma'xe-nhpo'hoo'tse ni. epiglottis.Literally: big-thing which closes. ma'xe-nhpo'hoo'tse ?? epiglottis. Usage: may be neologism or loan translation.Literally: big-closing
thing ??.
ma'xene'hanva
obl. big lake; Lake De Smet.Literally: big-lake-OBL. Located south of Sheridan, Wyoming; Cheyennes spent significant time near this lake before establishment of the Northern Cheyenne Reservation in Montana; stories are told of tracks of people leading to this lake but disappearing; the tribe looked for the people who made the tracks but could not find them. See: ma'xeo'h'e.
Ma'xenotse na. Big Foreigner. Usage: a nickname for a large man from another tribe who was married
to a Cheyenne lady. See: notse.
ma'xeo'h'e ni. big lake. See: 'he'e. Ma'xepno'e

ni. Oklahoma City, Okla.Literally: big-downstream. literal meaning refers to being downriver from the Cheyenne area of Oklahoma, which is west of Okla. City approx. 100 miles. See: pno'e.
-ma'xsevo ni. big muscle (in arm or calf). See: ma'xsvhontse. na-ma'xsevo my big muscle. ma'xsvo (sevo?) ni. cuff; war dance arm band. See: -sev.Literally: big-muscle. Pl: ma'xsvhontse
(vhe?).
ma'x-svhono na. war dance bands ?? See: ma'xsvhontse. Ma'xstshe na. Big Head.
ma'xetxe'sesttse ni. divan, couch. See: taxe'sesttse chair. ma'xetoeneko ni. Big Dipper. Usage: probably loan translation.Literally: big-dipper/cup. ma'xethoo'e ni. sledgehammer. See: thohko; tamheo'o. Ma'xev'ho'e na. Big Whiteman. ma'xev'ho's'o ni. trunk. for example, for storing clothes.Literally: big-container. See: v'ho's'o. ma'xev'kso
eagle, great bird.Literally: big-bird. Pl: ma'xev'kseho. Obviative: ma'xev'kseho. Usage: Used by some Okla. speakers for 'eagle.'. See: netse; vaxaa'e.
ni. Sun Dance lodge. See: hoxheome. Usage: ceremonial name.Literally: bigceremonial-lodge.
Ma'xev'aeho'h'ksnhva obl. Big Antelope River. ma'xevonhome
Ma'xxov'tovoneo'h'e ni. Big Sword River. Cheyenne name for the Big Knife River which enters
the Missouri River below Fort Berthold. See: xov'tove sword.
mm- i. huge, big, bulky ?? mmaa'e ni. war bonnet.Pl: mm'stse. -maman vai. be curly haired. See: -mamhka'. -mamane He is curly haired.Literally: curly-face ??. -mamaests'e vai. curly haired; kinky haired; very curly head. -mamaests'e. He has kinky (for
example, Negro) hair/she has a really curly perm. See: -mamhka'. Notes (Phonology) vs
mamahk- i. curly. -mamhka' vai. be curly haired. See: -mamaests'e; -mamhkovs. Medial: -a'. -mamhk'e. He is
curly headed.
mamhka'he na. curly haired person. -mamhka'ho'he

by.heat. vai. get a perm. -mamhka'ho'he. She's getting a perm.Literally: curly-head-
Mamhka''e na. Curly Haired Woman. mamhka'nhtsesttse ni. hair curler.Pl: mamhka'nhtsstottse. Medial: -a'. Mmhka've'ho'e na. Curly Haired Whiteman. Mmahke na. Curly. can be a horse name. Mmhkh'hhe na. Curly Haired Woman. Mamhkvo'ha na. Curly Horse. Usage: horse name. -mamhkov vai. curly fur. -mamhkva He (esp. dog) is curly haired (furred). -mamhkovs vai. have curly hair. -mamhkovse. He has curly hair. refers to naturally curly hair.
See: -mamhka'. Medial: -ovs.
mmhta p. persistently; only; nothing else. Oha mmhta 'hkhoensesto tshne'ameohtsvse. All
they did was pray as they came (the Cheyennes, on the Trek back from Oklahoma). [1987:37:24] See: oha.
mme- pv. big, bulky. -mmenhpoo'e. He's big blocking the door (for example, a big rock (animate)
or a fat man). -mmen'e. He's standing big (for example, a big tree, a semi-truck). Initial: mm-. See: ma'xe-; -ma'haet; -tahpet.
mame- i. rub. -mamean vti. vta. rub s.t./s.o. -mamna. He rubbed it. See: -hahan. -mame'xann vta. rub eyes of s.o. -mame'xaneno (var. of younger speakers: -mame'xannho)
He rubbed his eyes. Nv'-mame'xannahtse Don't rub your eyes! Medial: -'xan.
-mamnn vta. rub face of s.o. See: -xo'vonn. -mamenenahtse He's rubbing his face. Medial: -n. -mmevee
vai. lie big. h-mmevenhoo'o mstaa'e. The big boogeyman lay (there dead).
[JOURNEY.TXT]
-mmn vai. have a big face. -mmne. He has a big face. BodyPartMedial: -n. See: -thpn. -mmen'e vai. stand tall (esp. of a tree). See: -n'e. -mmen'e He (esp. a huge tree) is standing.
-mmeno'o' vii. huge growth of berry bushes. taete-mmeno'o'nstse vnh'khtsstse. There's

a growth of chokecherry bushes here and there. [1987:43]
-mmenohee'e vai. look huge sitting. -mmenohee'e. He looks huge sitting (there). -mmhevan vti. join s.t./s.o. -mmhevna. He joined it together.
vta. -mmhevanho. He joined him/them together. t'a ts-mmhevanse. He has authority to marry (conduct marriages). [1987:222] See: -mhee.
mmheve- pv. together, joined. -mmhevheetan

thinking!
vai. agree; united thinking. Nta-mmhevheetanmne! Let's be united in
-mmhevehn vai. gather together. only of pl. subjects. See: -mheeohts. -mmhevhneo'o They
gathered together.
-mmhevht
vta. unite with s.o. Usage: probably obsolescent.
N-mmhevhthtsme.
We united together.
[pd701]
-mmhevhtov vta. join with s.t.; come together with s.o., unite with s.o. -mmhevhtovo. They
came together with him. tssto'semmhevhttse when I come together with you.
-mmoheve'pa'one
vai. sit back to back. Notes (Phonology) vs -mmheve'pa'oneo'o. They are sitting back to back. Medial: -'pa'on; Final: -e 'sit'.
-mmhevent vta. sew together s.o. m-mmhevenhehhe He (for example, blanket) must have
been sewed together. Final: -nt.
-mmheveohts
reconciled.
vai. come together. va-mmheveohtseo'o. They came back together/were
-mmheveotse vii. vai. unite; gather; congregate. -mmheveotseo'o. They (inan.) united. -mmheveotseh vta. combine s.o. M'e-mmheveotshehevhe. They were combined.
text] [Head Chief
-mmhevstanove
vai. join and live together. msta-mmhevstanovhevhe (the Suhtaio and Cheyennes) came to live together (1987:100). Final: -stanove.
mmheveto p. together. mmheveto h'e naa hetane tstato'sheeasevo'stanhvvse how a woman

and a man are going to start living together (STORIES.TXT).
-mmhev vii. join; fit together. -mmhvo. It fits together. sa-mmhevhanehtse. They (for
example, sounds) don't fit together. See: -teotse.
-mmhevoests vti. join s.t.; tie s.t. together. -mmhevostse. He tied (or connected) it together.
See: -hahpseests.
-mmhevoet
vta. join s.o.; connect s.o.; tie s.o. together. hevhva ohkev'neetoo'etovo, mmhevoetovo (Now) they just use rope to tie with, to tie together with (1987:224).
[PD31]
-mmo't vii. set huge. could be used of a huge hill; also -mmho't. -mm'ta. It sets (there) huge.
Initial: mm-.
Mmots'hhe na. Full Mouth Woman. mana

na. band member, person of the group. Usage: The plural is more commonly used than the sg..Pl: manaho. Obviative: manaho. the pl. is glossed as 'group' or 'band'. See: manhno; vo'stane; manhesttse; mano'hesttse.
-manha' vai. increase in population. -manha'oo'o. They increased in population. manhho'e ni. country, island.Literally: group-land. See: manhho'e; ho'e; mana. manhno ni. village, settlement.Literally: band-place. that is, the place where a band lives. See: mana;
mhove'ho'no; -n2. Etymology: cf. M meniika:n.
manhesttse
na. group; tribe; entire family; body of people; Obviative: manhstoto; Oblique: manhstva district (area).
district.Pl: manhstoto.
manhtane na. island person. some Cheyennes like to point out that this word sounds like English
'Manhattan'; some even say this English word must have originally been a Cheyenne word.Pl: manhtaneo'o.
manhva obl. on the island. -manheve vii. be an island. Etymology: *menehsi island; cf. M menae:s island. See: manhho'e. manaho na. band, people of a band. Singular: mana; Oblique: manhno. -man1
num. first person inclusive plural suffix. variant of -ma. Nthmsh-mne! Let's go eat!Variant: -ma.
-man2 fai. act like; pretend to be. ka'kn-mne. He's acting like a child. tv-mne. He's acting
like he's goofy. See: -n; -ma'ov; -ma'ohts.
-mane vai. 1 vai. drink. When the liquid which is drunk is unspecified this word usually refers today to
drinking alcohol. The pronunciations for the different grammatical persons are given for this verb. They serve as a pattern for other AI verbs (intransitive verbs which have animate subjects). N-mane. I drank (or I am drinking). N-mane. You drank. -mane. He drank. Nmanme. We (excl) drank. N-manema. We (incl) drank. N-manme. You (plural) drank. maneo'o. They drank. tsmanese alcoholics (lit. those who drink). See: -nomen; -nosan; ase'e; -mhan; -man. . 2 vti. drink s.t. -mane. He drank (it). -manentse. He drank them (inan.). -mannvo. They drank it. Manstse! Drink (it)! -manstove. You can drink it; it (for example, milk) is drunk. vta: -manoh. Etymology: *menwa.
-maneh vta. make s.o. literal 'make', but seems to be used similar to English causative 'make' in some
contexts, perhaps as a loan translation from English. -manhho. He made him. (This Cheyenne word is phonetically identical to -manhho 'He gave him a drink.'). N-manho. I made him (for example, a dress, animate). tshnontse'ome-manhtan'tvse netao'o xamaevo'stanho when they wanted to tame all the Indians. [1987:50] Kse'he nmanho. I'm making a young woman (said when I'm putting on lipstick, rouge, etc.). oseephve-manehe. It/He is really well made. sa-manhane. It is not made (for example, the Ch. lang. is not developing any more). vti: -manests. See: -man; -manstonhe'tov; -manoh.
manhe
na. pelican. Usage: not well known today; perhaps this accounts for uncertainty on pl..Literally: drinker. Pl: manheo'o. AltPl = manheo'o ?? [Smith listed a 'speckled eagle' and seems to
have spelled it mane; perhaps it is this same bird; Petter (PD420) seems to list this same bird, manhe, and glosses it as 'a kind of eagle or vulture'; so there is a good possibility that manhe refers to these other birds as well, or, more likely, perhaps originally it was the name of some kind of an eagle or vulture]
Obviative: manheho.
man'h'o na. drunkard. man'heneve vai. drunkard. manmh'o ni. tavern; saloon; bar.Literally: drink-house. -manmea'xe vai. drink smell, alcohol smell, smell of alcohol. -manmea'xe. He smells of alcohol. -man'e vai. drink standing. See: -'e. -man'e He drank standing. Notes (Phonology) vs -manotse vai. drink. -manotse. He drank. Mnstse-manotse? Are you going to drink? (usually
refers to drinking alcohol). See: -mshotse.
-manseonan vai. make things. for example, sewing, woodwork, designing. -manseonne. He is
making things. See: -manests.
-manseonoohe
vii. vai. be made; be put together. Nhm'stomevstse tsohkhestohe hov'he tshee-manseonoohe am'eneo'o. Tell me the different parts of a wagon (lit. tell me the names for the various parts of how a wagon is put together). [JG 7/89] See: -manehe.
manstne na. knee. Stem: -nstan. -manstnan vai. build; construct; make; create. See: -maneh; -manests. -manstnne He made. -manstn vai. make. -manstne. He's making (something). See: -nht. vti: -manests.
Manstnhe na. 1 maker.

2 Maker. See: Manstonhe.
manstoo'o
ni. creation, something made. v'ho'manstoo'o whiteman-made (thing) (that is, not something traditionally made by Indians). he-manstoo'o his creation (something he made). vti. make s.t., create s.t. hmats'omvetsee'stse ma'heo'o ohkhsemanstonstse netao'o hov'he In the springtime God creates everything anew. ?? See: manests. ma'heo'o ohkhse-manstonoetho hovhne. In the springtime God creates (things) anew for the animals. See: -manstonaov.
-manstonoests
-manstonoet vta. make (something) for s.o.; create (something) for s.o. hmats'omvetsee'stse
-manstonaov vta. make (something) for s.o. -manstonaovho. He built/made/created (something)

for him. See: -manstonaov.
-manstone vii. made. -manstone. It is made. vti: -manests; vta: -maneh. Manstonhe na. Maker; Creator. possible alternative name for God. Usage: not extant. -manstotah vta. make something for s.o. N-manstotho. I made it for him. H'the mo'khantse
n-manstothahtsentse. Nto'setaomhemo'khanentse naa mto hva vo'stane mxho'aestse nhtanhohtvantse. These moccasins, I'm making them for myself. They are going to be my own moccasins, or if someone wants them, I'll sell them. [1980:73:4-6] See: -manests; -maneh.
manesttse ni. drink, alcohol.Literally: drink-NOM. Today this usually implies an alcoholic beverage.
See: -mane; -v'keno'e; v'ho'mahpe; p'ho'hmahpe.
-manests
vti. make. -manstse. He made it. hva tssto'staome-manstsse hevo'stanhevesttse ts'oto'xovh'to that would make him well skilled to make his own living. [1987:187] Usage: Usage with the preverb ho'- probably originated as a loan transl. from English but it is in common usage today.. ho'-manstse. He is safe/he made it (for example, made it safely to a destination or to home in baseball). Htshhe nho'-manstsnne. We made it back here. (1987:37:31). vta: -maneh; fai: -nan. See: -manstnan; -manven; -manstonoests.
[1987:315]
-manvaen vti. make s.t. quickly. Manvnhtse mtkehtse! Make some bows (and arrows)!
Hp'e ntav'netaome-manvna. "It's just an idea that I made up" (lit., likewise, I just by.self.made.quickly.it). N-manvaenomvo hstme. I made his plate (that is, supplied him a plate of food). vta. make s.o. quickly. -manvaenho. He quickly made him. See: -manests; -maneh.
-mantan vai. want to drink. Today often implies a desire to drink alcohol. N-mantno. I want to
drink. -mantno. He wants to drink. Nsamantanhe. I do not want to drink. Nmantanohe? Do you want to drink? See: -hn.
manvetohko -manoh
ni. drinking cup, drinking glass. See: hetohko; nomenvetohko.Literally: drinkingcontainer. See: nomenvetohko. vta. give a drink to s.o. -manhho. He gave him a drink. (This Cheyenne word is phonetically identical to -manhho 'He made him.'). N-manho. I gave him a drink. Nhmanoxstse! Give me a drink! H-manxeha nemme! Give a drink to your father-in-law! [1987:174-175] vai: -mane; Synonym: -manot. See: -manxeven; -manohe; -maneh; -he'kovot.
-manoh vti. make s.t. by tool. -manha He made it by tool. See: -manests; -manohe. -manohe vai. go for water, fetch water. th-manohe. He went for water. Th-manoestse! Go fetch
some water! vta: -manoh. See: mnhe.
-manhanohts vti. flare up s.t. -manhanhtse. He made it flare up. -manheohe vai. fetch water. -manheohe. He fetched water. Mnhv'e
na. Fetch Water Woman. It may be that this name is actually Mnhv'e meaning something like 'Medicine Woman.'.
manhvetohko ni. pail.Variant: hmanhvetohko. Mnhhk'e na. (woman's name). -manho'ham vai. water livestock. -manho'hme. He watered the livestock.
manh'hamesttse ni. trough.Literally: giving water to stock thing. Pl: manh'hamstottse. Mnhv'e na. Medicine Woman. Mrs. Habeggar was given a name which sounded like this; many
people have analyzed the name as Mnhv'e 'Fetch Water Womman', but this entry may actually be the correct spelling of the name. See: -mhthv; Mo'henvave.
mano'- i. together. -mano'ahe vai. be all together, congregate, be in a band; united. not used in sg. -mano'heo'o. They
are all together. See: -mho'tse; -no'kahe.
mano'hesttse ni. group. can refer to a group residing in one area or a social group, for example,
church. See: e'estahe-mano'hesttse; manaho; manhno.
-mano'an vti. gather s.t. to'se-mano'anantse. He is going to gather them (inan.) / group them together.
vta. gather s.o.
mano'e- pv. together. -mano'evo'stanheveo'o. They are living as a group. Nhtanha'ee'amemano'evo'stanhvme tshesthtxtse. We will continue to live together as family groups. [1987:105]Variant: mano'k-.
-mano'e
vai. sit as a group, gather, meet. only used with plural subjects. -mano'eo'o. They are sitting as a group. N-mano'ema. We (incl.) are meeting. See: -mheeohts.
-mano'e'tov vta. gather together with s.o.; meet with s.o. -mano'e'tovho. He gathered together with
him/them.
-mano'e'tovovo. They met with him. Jesus, nhettaetanme tshmano'ee'tovatsemenoto. Jesus, we rejoice to gather together with you. [Hymn #1] See: -mano'ahe.
-mano'et vta. tie together s.o. Notes (Phonology) used with plural objects N-mano'etoo'o. I tied them
together.
-mano'etahe vai. do something together. not used with singular subjects. -mano'etheo'o. They did
it together.
mano'hothkeo'o na. Pleiades.Literally: grouped stars. Variant: hothkeo'o tsnshtxese. -mano''h vta. group s.o. -mano''hho. He grouped them (animate). -mano'eohts
vai. go together. only plural subjects. hne'ase-mano'eohtshoono They started off together. [JOURNEY.TXT]
Mano'o'h'e obl. Smoky Hill River.Literally: gather(.timber)-river. -mano'set'stve-vetovt

Usage: neologism. vii. cube shaped. -mano'set'stvevetovto. It is cube shaped.
-mano'etan
vai. group minded, unified. -mano'etno. He is group minded. -mano'etanhtove. There is working as a group/there is taking care of each other. a highly valued tradition. Antonym: -no'ketan.
-mano'etan't vta. want to gather s.t. -mano'etan'tantse. He wants to gather them (inanimate). -mano'etan'tov vta. have a together feeling for s.o., want s.o. to be unified. -mano'etan'tovho. He
wants them to be unified in their thinking. -mano'etan'tovhtsstove. There is feeling like we should be together (for example, with relatives).
mano'ke- pv. together; congregated.Variant: mano'e-. -mano'kn vai. have a together face. refers to the facial features being close together. -mano'kne
his facial features are together.
mano'keto p. together. -man'ko'o'e

vii. grove; patch of vegetation.Literally: cluster-vegetation.grow. Variant: -man'o'o'e. See: Mano'o'eo'h'e. vii. have a row of teeth; teeth - have a row of. ts-man'konentoo'stse rakes (lit. those (inan.) which have a row of teeth). Notes (Phonology) gr
-man'konen vai. -man'konne He has a row of teeth.
-mano'osen vai. hang together. nshtxeo'o hothkeo'o ohke-mano'osne There are seven stars
hanging together. (1987:312).
-mano'et vta. tie s.o. together. -mano'etho. He tied them together. See: -too'et. Mano'o'o'h'e ni. Grove River. Known today as the Smoky River, it begins in Colorado and joins
the Republican River to form the Kansas (Kaw) River near Junction City, Kansas.
-mano''o'e vii. grove.Literally: cluster-vegetation.grow. Variant: -man'ko'o'e. See: Mano'o'eo'h'e. mano'othkeo'o na. the bunch of stars. apparently Pleiades. -mano'otse'ohe vai. work together; group work. -mano'otse'heo'o. They are working together. fai: otse'he. See: -hotse'ohe work.
mnhe p. water!; I'm thirsty; I want a drink! Usage: baby talk. See: -manohe. -manot vta. give drink to s.o. -manotho. He gave him a drink. Th-manxeha! Go give him a drink!
Synonym: -manoh.
-manxven vai. give drink to s.o. quickly. more rapid action than -manoh. -manxvaenho. He
quickly gave him a drink. Ohkeeh-manxvaenstse m'hkevometo! Always give me a drink whenever you see me! [1987:175] See: -manoh.
-mas fta. shoot s.o. N'etsnoon-mso. I shot him breaking his wing. Notes (Phonology) allomorph of emasVariant: -emas.
mse-
pv. i. joyfully; happily; gladly; friendly; in a welcoming manner. See: -msetsstov; m'se-; phve-; hettae; vee-. -mseamehtse He walked happily. ts-mseestsstovose someone who talks friendly to them (1987:226). msevsthotsmhne gladly help him (1987:231). msevo'stanheve He lives joyfully. -msemsehe He gladly eats (for example, eats anything
and everything I cook for him).
-mse
evid. attributive suffix (for 1st and 2nd persons sg. subjects). Nme'tatnv-mse? What should I do? Nnmen-mse. It is said that you were singing.
Msano'kehe na. (man's name). mseha na. crazy person. that is, a person who does 'anything', perhaps wrong things; can be a "bad"
person; a 'loose' male; can refer to actual insanity or similar mental illness. pl. can be of mixed gender, but sg. only refers to a man. Feminine: msh'e. Nhovhestmo hvmhe mshhoo'o. I mistakenly regarded him, but lo and behold, (he is) crazy. (this is a song; JG 1989). See: msh'e; -mshnee'e.Pl: mshao'o.
msh'e na. crazy woman; loose woman. See: mseha; mth'e; msh'e. Msha'evo'ha na. Crazy Mule. Mshe'ke na. Crazy Mule. Notes (Phonology) short version of Msha'evo'ha msh'e na. 1 loose woman; crazy woman; prostitute. See: mth'e; mshve'ho''e; msh'e.
2 Crazy Woman.
mshmhta'soma
na. evil spirit; demon. Usage: extant? natural?.Literally: crazy-spirit.
See: hvsvevhanhe;
hvsvemhta'soma.
-mshnee'e vai. be crazy; insane; uncontrollable. As with the English word 'crazy', this Cheyenne
term can refer to literal craziness, such as mental insanity, but it has been extended to other behaviors which are outside of what is desired culturally. As with English 'crazy', this word can be used humorously, about behavior which the speaker does not approve of. -mshnee'e He is crazy. Notes (Phonology) vs A rushed life is viewed as craziness, as in this saying:
Nv'novhe'tanme mshnstva, onset'ha'eta nethoestovevoo'o, onshestxvtno mshnstva Don't race in craziness, try to stop your mounts, try to come in last in terms of craziness! (John Standsintimber used to say this.). See: -tvahe; -nonovahe; mseha; msh'e.
mshneemh'o
ni. insane asylum. Locative: mshneemhene.
See: nonovhheo'o
tsxhoevse.Literally: crazy-house.
Mshnee-mxe'stne-mh'o
mental institution.
ni. Pinehills (Montana) State School.Literally: crazy-school. a
-mshneeotse vai. become crazy; do s.t. insane. can be extended to behavior which the speaker does
not approve of, and can be used humorously. Antonym: -mseeotse. -mshneeotse He became crazy/did something insane.
-mshneetan vai. want to be crazy. ononse-mshntno. He wants to go crazy (act badly) (no
matter what might happen).
-mshnee-vo'stanheve
vai. live crazy; live in inappropriate cultural mshneevo'stanheve He lives crazy/he lives in a culturally wrong manner.
manner.
mshome ni. Crazy Lodge. -mshave vai. be crazy; foolish. -mshave He is a crazy person. mshve'ho''e na. prostitute.Literally: crazy-white.woman. Pl: mshve'ho''eo'o. See: mth'e. mshve'ho''e-mh'o ni. whorehouse. -mshvn vai. crazy face. -mshvne. He has a crazy face. -mshvstanove vii. crazy living. -mshvstanove. It's crazy living now (esp. the Indian way of
living). See: -hstanove; -anovstanove.
-mshvo'etahe vai. crazy do. -mshvo'etahe. He did something crazy. [pd24; pd363] -mshvo'ethoohe vai. do something crazy, crazy do. -mshvo'ethoohe. He did a crazy
thing.
Mshvoo'xnhe na. Crazy Roman Nose. Indian name of Chief Two Moons. See: e'heo'hnese;
Ononevo'xnhe.
-mshe'k vii. very narrow. -msh'ko. It's very narrow.Variant: -msho'k. -msho'kee vai. lie in a crowded space, crowded lie. -msho'ke. He is lying in a crowded space;
there is not enough room for him to turn over (or, turn around).
-msho'k
vii. crowded space, not enough room, very narrow. -msh'ko. It's a crowded space.Variant: -mshe'k. See: -ne'k.
-msm vta. kiss s.o. -msmho. He kissed her.Variant: -msm; -vsm. msemepv. enjoy. -msememsehe. He's enjoying eating. See: ma'xe-; heme-; he-; osee-; msemo'ahe; -nhtsevtsest.
-msemeotse vai. difficult position. N-msemeotse. I'm in a difficult position (for example, physically
uncomfortable).
-msmkhtaehoo'e
vai. sit almost lying down with legs in an awkward position. Nmsemkhtaehoo'e. I'm almost lying down with my legs in an awkward position. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -msho'kee; -ne'kee. -novetan; -momhtsem.
-msemetan vai. humbly ask, plead. -msemetno. He is pleading. See: -ho'omenehe; -hvsvetan; -msemo'ahe vai. vti. crave (s.t.). See: mseme-; -ho'ahe. N-msemo'ahe. I crave it. -msemoo'e -msetan
vai. sit in an uncomfortable position. -msemoo'e. He is sitting in an uncomfortable position. Notes (Phonology) vs vai. joyfully anticipate. -msetno. He is joyfully anticipating (something). See: phvetan; -hettaetan; -veetan.
-msetan't vti. welcome s.t.; be pleased with s.t. -msetan'ta He's happy with it (for example, his
new bicycle).
-msetan'tov
vta. welcomey toward s.o. See: -msetsstov; -mha'ov. -msetan'tovho. He's "welcomey" toward him. ma'heo'o n-msetan'toene tsxhotse'otatse. God is pleased with us that we are his workers. -msetan'tovhtsstove. there is being happy (and good) to each other (for example, in traditional child rearing).
-msetanov vai. be proud of s.o.; be pleased with s.o. -msetanovho He is proud of him/he is pleased
with him.
-msetsest
vti. welcome s.t.; pleased with s.t. -mstssta. He's pleased with it. Mstssthtse tshhe tshetena'tovtse! Be pleased with how I pray to you here! [PRAISE.TXT] msetsstomvo hemhtmvo. He accepted (welcomed) their gift. vai: -msetsstahe. See: phvtsest.
-msetsstahe vai. hospitable, friendly. refers to the valued trait of welcoming people; doesn't have to
be just to one's own home. -msetsstahe. He is hospitable. See: -hoto'ahe; -snohe.
-msetssth'heneve
friendly/gracious.
vai. be a friendly; gracious person.
-msetssth'heneve
He is
-msetsstsan vai. friendly to people, hospitable to people. -msetsstsne. He is friendly and

hospitable to people. Final: -san.
-msetsstov vta. welcome s.o. This is an important Cheyenne cultural value. -msetsstovho. He
welcomed him. vti: -msetsest. See: -msetan'tov; -vaots'tov.
ms-
pv. suddenly, all the group, in a burst. -msa'xaemotse. He burst out crying. mshohtseotse. He burst out laughing. [1987:180] tsh-msmeo'stsstove ts'nethtsstove ts'e-mstaomeasevo'stanhvvse tshhe ts'emaevho'eohtsvse during the battles and
after the end of fighting, when they started to make a living for themselves here when they came back. [1987:188] See: mhe-; mae-; h'tva; s'hove-.
-m'e vai. all drink. -m'eo'o. They are all drinking. mata
na. pickle; peyote.Pl: mtaho. Obviative: mtaho. See: vhonemata; hekvemata; vhonemata; mthve'han; -mthmahpe.
mth'e na. slut, prostitute, harlot, whore, crazy woman, loose woman; flirty woman. can refer to a
woman who has loose morals, who "gets around"; could be jokingly said of a female cat that really "gets around" and has many litters. Notes (Phonology) not vsPl: mtha'eo'o. Diminutive: mtha'kso. See: tnenv'e; msh'e; mshve'ho''e; m'ko''e; m'eesv'ho''e; ma't'e; mxomh'e.
-mtha'eve vai. loose woman; be a prostitute. can be said of a man or woman. -mtha'eve. She is
a loose person.
mtha'kso na. loose young woman. Non-diminutive: mth'e. This word is used in a 49er song. mthmahpe ni. peyote tea. Holliman Spelling: ma ta ma pi. See: mata peyote. Mthm's'e na. Peyote Calf. a nickname for one of several men named M's'e. -mthnonee'e vai. sit singing peyote songs. -mthnonee'e. He's sitting singing peyote songs. mthnoo'tse ni. peyote song.Pl: mthnoottse. mthom'e obl. at a peyote meeting.Literally: peyote-lodge-OBL. mthvee'e ni. peyote tepee. -mthve'han vai. eat peyote. -mthve'hanhtove. There is a peyote meeting (lit. eating) going
on. See: mata peyote ; cactus.
mthve'hanhe na. peyote person.Pl: mthve'hanheo'o. See: mata. -mthve'hanheve vai. peyote person. -mthve'hanheve. He was a peyote man. Mthve'hanahttse ni. Native American Church.Literally: peyote-eating-NOM. The three men with
the main duties in peyote meetings are called: tsvhonevstse 'the chief', tsheonhavo'eestse 'the drumkeeper', and ho'stanhe 'the firekeeper'. Mtaho 'peyote buttons' are eaten during the service. The chief button is called vhonemata. It sits where the "moon" is, right in front of the chief.
-mthvvhne vai. peyote drum, imitate peyote drumming. can humorously refer to the thumping
noise dogs make when scratching. -mthvvhne. He's peyote-drumming.
mtaho na. peyote buttons. can also refer to pickles or cactuses. Singular: mata. Mth'mo ni. 1 pin cushion cactus. AltPl = mth'komontsePl: mth'omontse. These are small
cactus plants with little red berries similar to a persimmon; they taste sweet. 2 Pin Cushion Cactus.
-mata'k vii. brittle. -mat'ko. It is brittle. See: -he'kon. mata'xevtse na. testicle. See: -ta'xevtse.Pl: mata'xevoto.
matana1 matana2
na. breast.Pl: ma-tanne. Pl: ma-tanaho. Usage: rare as singular; sg. is identical in pronunciation with the word for 'milk'. BodyPartMedial: -tanah. See: matana2 milk. ni. milk. Holliman Spelling: ma da na. Probably derived from ma-tana 'breast.'. Etymology: *me0enepi (Pi); cf. Ar be0nec. See: matana1 breast.
matana- pv. breast. refers to breast area of male or female. See: -en; -eeon. matanaheseo'tse
ni. milk medicine. this is an herbal medicine to encourage lactation. See: matanav'stse; matanamxstse.
-matanamea'xe vai. milk smell, smell of milk. -matanamea'xe. He smells of milki. matanave'ho''e na. policewoman. See: matanave'ho'e. matanave'ho'e na. policeman, truancy officer, milkman.Literally: breast-ve'ho'e (refers to the badge
pinned on the breast). Some speakers point out that this can also mean 'milkman', but the term almost exclusively refers to 'policeman' today.Pl: matanav'h'e. Obviative: matanav'h'e.
matanev'h'e ts'hkeahtomhvse vta. police scanner.Literally: where the police are listened
to. Usage: neologism.
-mataneve'ho'vsan
vai. wear police uniform. -mataneve'ho'vsne. He's wearing a police
uniform. fai: -san2.
matanavo'nhano ni. milkweed pudding. See: matanav'stse; matanamxstse. matanv'stse ni. milkweed. an herbal medicine for encouraging lactation. this may be a neologism,
a loan transl. based on the English term; the older Cheyenne may be matanamxstse. See: matanamxstse; matana-heseo'tse.
mto p. also. naa mto and also. naa mto hva or / well maybe. Mto hnova'e? What else? Etymology:
cf. O miinawaa (corresp.?). See: naa; hse-; hna'ove-; no'(e)-.
mto hva p. or. Notes (Phonology) usually pronounced together as if it were a single word like mthva naa
mto hva or.
-mate'tov vta. smell s.o. See: -matm; -matots'tov. sta=no'hse=mate'ts'tovhevhe hemo'kono

He smelled his finger (Croft 1988:30:26).
-matht vti. smell s.t. N-mathta. I smelled it. Etymology: *nemela:nta:ni I smell it.. vta: -matm. -mat'h vta. smell s.o. -mato'ho. He is smelling him. for example, smelling burnt cedar. -mat'hov vai. cause s.o. to smell something. This is a ceremonial act of blessing. -mat'hva. He
spread smoke. [1987:236] See: -tshetho'hov.
-mat'(n) vta. cedar s.o.; put smoke (esp. cedar) on s.o. This term could be used in a traditional way
with a meaning something like 'bless s.o.'; "cedaring" s.o. is a traditional ritual still practiced today--it signifies purifying the person to whom the cedar smoke is directed. -mato'no. He "cedared" him. Mat'heha! Cedar him! See: -tshetho'n.
-mat'oh(n)
vta. make s.o. smell (something). -mat'hnho. He made him smell (something). See: m'toh(n).
-mat'seh vta. make s.o. smell (something). -mat'shho. He made him smell (something). -matm
vta. smell s.o. -matomo. He smelled him. -matmho. He smell him. (pronunciation of younger speakers). N-matmo. I smell him. vti: -matht. Etymology: *nemela:ma:wa. See: me-; -ma'xe.
-matomen vai. have a nosebleed. -matomne. He has a nosebleed ; he has a bloody nose. Etymology:
cf. M mena:maehkow. See: -ma'eve.
matomenheseo'tse ni. nosebleed medicine. -matomenotse vai. get a nosebleed. -matomenotse. He got a nosebleed. -matomene vai. lie with a nosebleed, nosebleed - lie with. -matomene. He had a nosebleed during
sleep. Etymology: cf. M mena:maehkiihsen he fell and got a bloody nose.
-matomenvo'kh(n) vta. bloody s.o.'s nose. -matomenvo'khnho He bloodied his nose.
-matn
vai. smell. that is, detect odor. See: -ma'xe. -matne. He smelled (detected odors). vti: matht.
-matneohts vai. go sniffing. -matnehtse He went sniffing. matone ni. belly, stomach. See: -tone. -matots'tov
vta. smell s.o. See: -matm; -mate'tov. -matots'tovho He smelled him. stamatots'tovsesto xane He smelled a skunk (1987:282).
-matsan vai. smell. -matsne. He is smelling (something). can refer to when a dog smells s.t.
when it cannot be seen or when it smells a person.
Mtovh'e na. Peyote Woman. matse1 matseni. poop; feces; dung; excrement, turd. he-matse his turd. See: ho'honematse; mtsevo'e1; hemahkse. Etymology: *mye:yi. i. infected; pus. -matseotse namo'ko. my finger has become infected/developed pus. Nstsev'hetshhno e'he! Nstsematsese. Don't point at the sun (or moon)! You'll get an infected finger. (cultural prohibition). See: matse; mtsevo'e. Etymology: *meli 'pus'. ni. face. netao'o he-thenstva all over on her face.
[1987:253]
ma-tshenesttse
widely used.
Usage: not
-matse'sta vai. have infected ear(s); have running ear(s). -matse'sta. He has runny ear(s)/he has
infected ear(s). BodyPartMedial: -'est.
Mats'omee'he na. Spring Moon, May. See: Vhpotsee'he. mats'omva obl. spring (season). -mats'omeve vii. be spring (season). -mats'omeve It is springtime. -mtsema'h vii. smell of feces, smell poopy; poopy smell. -mtsm'ha. It smells poopy. fii: ma'h.
-mtsema'xe vai. smell poopy, smell of poop, feces smell; poopy smell. -mtsema'xe. He smells
poopy. fai: -ma'xe.
-mtsemeotse vii. come to smell of feces, become poopy smelling. for example, of a baby's diaper. mtsemeotse. It's gotten poopy smelling. fii: -ma'h.
mtsemees
vai. stinky nose, shitty nose.Literally: shitty nose. Usage: has been used as an epithets, typically humorous.
matsementse ni. oats. Common folk etymologies give literal meaning either as 'pus-berries', perhaps
because when cooked up as oatmeal it looks like snot, or, 'feces-berries.'. Etymology: cf. *ma0o:mina; cf. M mano:menan. See: matse-; ho'shtsenenhano.
-matsn vai. sore eyes. -matsne. He has infected/sore eyes. See: -ho'shene. matsnstse na. 1 kingfisher.Literally: eyes.with.matter-(one). Variant: matsnhe ??. Pl: matsnheo'o.
Obviative: matsnheho. 2 Kingfisher.
matseno ni. armpit.Pl: matsnontse. See: -tseno. matsnoono na. wings. Stem: -tsnoono. part of Sun Dance equipment. See: meno. Matsese na. Festering Finger. -matseos vai. have an infected finger. -matsese. Nstsev'hetshhno e'he. Nstse-matsese. Don't
point at the sun (or moon)! You'll get an infected finger. See: -mtseveotse. Medial: -os; Initial: matse-.
-mtsevhotse vai. have venereal disease; have V.D.Literally: infected-vagina. -mtsevhotse. She
has V.D. Medial: -ah. See: -'o'eta'e; -mtx'; -totnesta.
mtseve vai. infected. -mtseve. It's infected. -mtseve'xan vai. pussy eyes, infected eyes. -mtseve'xne. He has pussy eyes. -mtsevenohe vai. look shitty. -mtsevenohe. He looks shitty.
-mtseveotse vai. infected. esp. refers to there being pus. -mtseveotse. It got infected. -mtsevkht vai. have infected leg. -mtsevkhta. his leg is infected/pussy. -mtsevhos vai. have venereal disease; have V.D.Literally: infected-penis. -mtsevhse He has V.D.
Medial: -hos. See: -'o'eta'e; -mtx'; -mtsevhotse; -totnesta.
mtsevo'e1 ni. feces smear left after inadequate wiping. used today as an epithet; humorous, sometimes
used for brother-in-law joking. Usage: vulgar. See: matse1; matsementse.
-mtsevo'e2 vai. have dirty anus. -mtsevo'e. He has a dirty anus. for instance, did not wipe up well
after defecating. medial uncertain. See: -neevvoo'oh(n).
Matkme na. 1 raccoon.Pl: matkomeho. Obviative: matkomeho.

2 Raccoon.
matkomvhkha'e ni. raccoon hat. See: hhkha'e. -mtx'

vai. have veneral disease.Literally: infected-crotch. -mtx'e. He (or she) has VD. mtx'eo'o. They have V.D. Medial: -x'. See: -s'; -'o'eta'e; -mtsevhotse; -mtsevhos; totnesta.
ma-tka ni ??. joker. of playing cards. Usage: partial sound "translation" which some people have
used (in Oklahoma?).
mavtove ni. body. See: -vtove. maxi. touch. -mxanho. He touched him by hand. -mx'a. He touched it by foot. Phvemxaneha! Bless him (lit. touch him good)!
mx- i. punish. Mxaaehma'hen'e ?? na. Medicine Eagle Feather Woman. -mxa' vti. touch s.t. -mx'a. He touched it. -mxa'nvo. They touched it. vta: -mxa'ov. See: mxan.
-mxa'ee vai. touch head to the ground, bow. -mxa'e. He bowed to the ground. See: -nha'ee. -mxa'san vai. touch; bless. If an appropriate person touches someone or something they can confer
a blessing on it. -mxa'sne. He touched/blessed.
-mxa'santo -mxa'ov
vii. touch; bless. for example, touched or blessed by food or a prayer. ohkemxa'santo. (If you eat slowly your food will) touch you/you'll feel it. vta. touch s.o., brush against s.o. for example, to brush against s.o. -mxa'ovho. He touched him. -mxa'oo'e. It has touched him. vti: -mxa'. See: -ts'en. vta. touch s.o. -mxanho. He touched him. See: -mxa'ov; -ts'e''h.
-mxan vti. touch s.t. -mxna. He touched it. See: -mxa'. -mxanen
vai. sign name.Literally: touch (refers to touching the surface of paper). -mxanne. He signed his name. Mho'n-mxannstse. He must not have signed. See: -mxe'oh. vti. sign s.t. -mxanen'ta He signed it (for example, his name). Mxanen'thtse nevhesttse! Sign your name! (perhaps literalism from English; more natural may be Mxanenstse! 'Sign your name!'). hva 'e-mxanen'thenovtse mxe'stontse maybe they signed papers (1987:58). See: -amhahts. vti. touch s.t. while cutting. for example, touch bone when cutting meat. N-mxxa. I touched it cutting.
-mxanen't
-mxax maxe
ni. piece of wood; firewood; log (esp. firewood log). mxe is a larger piece of wood than khmxe.Pl: mxehtse. Pl: mxstse. See: -mhan; -mxem. Etymology: *mehi. vai. cut with drawknife ?? N-mxe'e I cut with a drawknife (intransitive verb). Notes (Phonology) vs ?? corpus, -mxee'eo'o ??) They are softening hide. See: -ho'nn. Notes (Phonology) vs ?
-mxee'
-mxee' vai. soften hide. part of tanning process. -mx'e. He's softening hide. -mxeeo'o (also in -mxeh vii. touch. -mxha. It's touching.
-mxehtotse't vta. punish s.o. through work. See: -hotse'ohe; -mxeseh. -mxehtotse'tho ('oto?)
He punished him through work (for example, worked him too hard). N-mxehtotse'tahtse I punish myself working.
-mxe'oeseh vta. teach s.o. a lesson, treat s.o. extremely. mstae-mxe'oeshaehevhe nhe xane.
He had enough of that skunk. (1987:284).
-mxe'otse vai. learn lesson. -mxe'otse. He 'has to learn the hard way.' / he learned his lesson.
See: -mxeseh.
-mxeseh vta. punish s.o. -mxeshho. He punished him. mxeshahtsesttse

ni. punishment; torture. See: -asto'ee'e. a'enemxeshahtsesttse eternal punishment (neologism). (Phonology) vs
-mxhestsvo'soo'e vai. play tag. See: -vo'soo'e. -mxhestsvo'seo'o They are playing tag. Notes -mxoh(n) vta. mark s.o. by tool.Literally: touch s.o. by tool. -mxhnho. He marked him. mxomh'e na. available woman. that is, a woman that is easy to get. See: mth'e. -mxneeh
vii. touch. -mxnha. It's touching (for example, something running in parallel to something else but touches it at some point). -mxnha ho'va. It (for example, a horse's tail) touches the ground (that is, it reaches all the way to the ground).
-m num. first person (excl.) and second person plural. Nhotse'h-me. We worked. Nman-me. We
(incl) drank. Nphvenmen-me. You (pl) sang well. Nemshe-mehe? Did you (pl) already eat? See: -ma.
-mah'en vai. cook food with smell. See: -ma'h. Nphve-mah'ne. You cooked good smelling
food. hvsve-mah'ne. She cooked bad smelling food. nse-mah'ne. She is cooking something that smells (can be a good or bad smell). Final: -ah'en.
-mahee vai. make it to spring, survive winter. N-maheenmne. We made it to another spring.
[1987:207]
See: Hma'e Beaver.
mahttse ni. gift. astomemahttse a free gift. -mahtove

vii. vai. be a gift. -mahtove. It's a gift. astome-mahtove it's just given away free. sa'astome-mahtovhane it's not given away for free. -mahtovehe mo'hno'ha? Was the horse given? Mhne'hkevathee-mahtovhevhe. They were sent over here. (1987:45). vta: -ma'tov. See: -neenh(n); mahttse.
-mahtse fai. mouth smell. xae-mhtse. He has onion breath. -mea'a vai. give. Notes (Phonology) vsVariant: -mea'e. This pronunciation is historically expected and still
used by some speakers. -mea'a. He gave. -mea'e. He gave. (alternate pronunciation). mao'o. They are giving. vti. N-mantse. I gave them (inan). Etymology: cf. O miigiwe (N). See: -mt; na-; -ma'h; nahev. Notes (Phonology) vs vta: -mt, -ma'tov.
-mea'e
vai. give. Notes (Phonology) vsVariant: -mea'a. -mea'e. He gave. -mao'o. They are giving. Notes (Phonology) vs vta: -mt, -ma'tov. Etymology: cf. O miigiwe (N). See: -mt; na-; -ma'h; nahev. vti. N-mantse. I gave them (inan).
-ma'e'ov vta. breed s.o. that is, cause to be bred. -ma'e'ovho. He bred him. See: hmotse-. -ma'h fii. smell. phve-m'ha. It smells good. nse-m'ha. It smells unpleasant. p-m'ha. It
smells of ashes/powder. vone-m'ha. The smell is gone. hhkeeh-m'ha. It smells of mice. fai: -ma'xe. See: -mea'a; -meotse; -mah'en; -matm.
-ma'tov vta. give s.o. This is one of a number of verbs which take -n(t) suffixes for "direct" TA person
combinations. The verbs are usually of the AI+O class, i.e. normally AI verbs which receive secondary suffixes to indicate a transitive relationship. In inverse person relationships the AI+O verbs take the normal -'tov TA suffix. Some other verbs with this -'tov/-not TA suffix alternation are: -ho'h'tov 'want s.o.'; -ne'tam'tov 'depend on s.o.'; -mon'tov 'choose s.o.'; -amh'tov 'receive s.o.' -hek'tov 'have s.o. as mother' (all such 'have s.o. as kin' verbs take the -'tov/-not suffixes); -hohtva'tov 'barter s.o. (that is, the object bartered for)'; -no'evhe'tov 'be named for s.o.'; -amo'x'tov 'carry s.o. on the back as game'; and -nomhtse'tov 'steal s.o.'. N-mantse. I gave him (for example, horse). -manoto. He gave
him. -manoto mo'hno'hme. He gave a horse. N-ma'tova. He gave me away. ohkema'tovhtsnvo nsemono. They give themselves to the (familiar) spirits. [1987:147] with thee- pv. gives idea of 'send s.o.'. Nme'tathee-mantse nhhe ts'the hetane. Let me send this man over there. [1987:186] Mxho'nto'sh-mea'tovahtsstse. He was not going to give himself up. [Stamper 1991:10] See: -ma'e give; -naheve give to s.o.; ho'ma'tov. vai: /-ma/.
-ma'xe vai. smell, stink. -ma'xe. He smells (for example, a baby that defecated). phve-ma'xe.
He smells good. mhe-ma'xeo'o. They all stunk. Mstanhtseveots'tovhevhe nhe tsnsema'xetsese. (The man) looked for this one who was smelly. [1987:282] fii: -ma'h. See: meotse; -matne; -m'a'xe.
mamh'o ni. BIA building. See: mave'ho'e. Oblique: mamhene. Manee'he

na. Summer Moon, July; June. See: nano'ee'he; 'omee'he.
precise modern calendar period uncertain.
-manen vai. dig to make bare. for example, a dog scratching/digging in the ground to bury a bone, a
shallower action than -mnhen. See: -manma'o'e. -manne. He's baring the ground as he digs.
manva obl. in summertime. -maneve vii. be summer. -maneve It is summer. Etymology: cf. *niipeno:wi. -manvsan vai. dress in summer clothing. -manvsne. He's dressed in summer clothing. fai: san2.
Manhov'e na. (woman's name). -manma'o'e -maohe

vii. bare ground. See: -manen. statease-manma'o'nse The ground became barren. [JOURNEY.TXT] meo'o -manma'o'e The road is dry/clear of ice/bare. Final: -ma'o'e. vai. send ?? See: -ma'tov. Hnhhe tsa'e ma'xemhene m'hkho'-maohstovhevhe hovtse tshestase hovhne. Somewhere over there in a big building (where) they would send
game, different kinds of animals. animals (1987:186).
mave'ho''e na. BIA agency superintendent (female). See: mamheo'o. mav'ho'e na. BIA agency superintendent.Literally: giving-whiteman. See: mamh'o. mave'ho'no ni. agency; Lame Deer. This is the most commonly used Cheyenne name for Lame
Deer today. However, the traditional name for Lame Deer is Mo'htvheomeneno 'Black Lodge Place," named for the Black Lodge group of Cheyennes, many of whom settled in the Lame Deer area.Literally: giving-whiteman-place. See: Mo'htvheomeneno.
mavots'o
na. BIA employee; government workers (on the hotse'ohe.Pl: mavotse'ono. Obviative: mavotse'ono.
reservation).
See: hots'o; -
-me i. smell. phv-meh'ta It smells good (by heat; for example, burning cedar). Etymology: cf.
*mya:-. vta: -matm.
mhe na. bug; insect. See: mmhe; mkso. Usage: childtalk. Me'aah'e na. Indian doll. man's name. apparently short for Mekaatsh'e or Mee'aatsh'e. Me'aatsh'e na. Indian doll.Variant: Mekaatsh'e. -me'ahe vai. defecate; poop. See: -o'ehn; matse. hnhma'xe-me'hotsesstse He sure defecated a lot
(Croft 1988:18). Nto'sema'xhoshmee'ahe I'm going home to have a big poop. Usage: vulgar.Variant: -me'kahe.
me'e
na. feather; collarbone; quill. Notes (Phonology) apoc; vs Obviative: meno. inan. for a few speakers.Pl: meno. Medial: -men. Etymology: *miikwana; miikwanaki (pl). ni. feather.Pl: mentse. See: -tsnoo'o; ma'hkee'e wing.
-me'kahe vai. defecate, poop.Variant: -me'ahe. done by people, animals, and birds. -me'kahe. He
defecated. vta: -mset. See: -mse'ahe; -mse'kahe; -o'ehn.
me'pa'onome
ni. tepee whose back is beaded (with quills?). See: men'eome; menheome; 'pa'on.Literally: feather(quill?)-back-lodge.
mema'tne ni. a good smelling tree.Literally: good smelling incense.
-men mbp. collarbone; feather. See: mee'e; -tsnoon. 'e-menxe He fell and broke his collarbone. meno na. feathers. See: ma-tsnoono.Variant: mentse. Singular: mee'e. -menohe vai. quilled. that is, to have quills in the design. -menohe. It/he is quilled.
vii. -menhnstse. They (inan. for example, moccasins) are quilled.
menheome ni. tepee decorated with quills. See: me'pa'onome; men'eome. Menhevoest'e na. Quilled Dress Woman. menhevoesttse na. quilled (buckskin) dress. -menhevo'khan vai. wear quilled moccasins. -menhevo'khna He has on quilled moccasins. menhevo'khantse ni. quilled moccasins. See: mo'keha. -menht vti. quill s.t. -menhtantse He quilled them (inan.). -men'e vai. quill work. -men'e. He is doing quill work. Final: -n'. men'eome ni. quill decorated tepee. See: me'pa'onome; menheome. mentse ni. wings. usually animate as meno, but inan. for some speakers. Singular: mee'e. -meotse fai. fii. smell (have odor). phve-meotse It (or he) smells good). ohkemno'ke-meotsnove
there is the willow smell (it smells of willows). See: -matne; -ma'xe; -ma'h.
Ms'e na. Smelly Woman. Contracted: Hoxoms'e. mekaah'stse ni. short yellow plants similar to goldenrods. perhaps they were used to increase
lactation?Variant: mekaatsh'stse.
mekaatsh'e ni. 1 ni. buckskin Indian doll, Queen Anne's lace. For some speakers this also refers
to a certain plant with a yellow flower. possibly also used by some speakers to refer to ferns or moss ?? seems to be Queen Anne's lace, which a lady in Busby used to pick. See: mekaah'stse.Pl: mekaatsh'stse. 2 na. Hummingbird, Indian Doll. This was the name of a medicine man, who had a spirit helper (nsemoo'o), a hummingbird that he kept in his pouch, and who with his spiritual powers helped the Northern Cheyennes who escaped from Oklahoma to return on the Great Trek, with much hardship, to Montana.Variant: Me'aatsh'e.
mh- pv. could have; would have. See: me'-. Sav'nheem'totse'hstse taxa'e n-mstnvmnse
htsetseha tsstan'htse. If he had not finished working I wonder what would we do now at our old age. (1987:199). -mstanheshane. It wouldn't be that way. Notes (Phonology) /h/ has allomorphs of /s/, /x/, etc.
meh na. older sister (poss. stem). he-meho his older sister. ne-me your older sister. mhae- pv. used to, previously. N-mhaenmne I used to sing. -mhaehntssta. He was being lazy
(but then got up to do what he had to do). mheameestse nhno -mhae'evo'stanheve All Runner used to live there (1987:182). with pv. to'se- 'gonna' gives idea of past intention which was not carried out in action: Nohto'se-mhaenaotse I was going to sleep (intended to but didn't perhaps because of some interruption). N-mhaemtaa'e He gave it to me (but I no longer have it). (Croft). Nto'se-mhaemnevanan'e They were going to let me go soon. The semantics of this form is rather abstract and difficult to translate in some contexts, for example. See: oh-; ohke-; nsta. naa nta-mhaenhe'htse ntsatnestshnhe and when I went over there; I couldn't go in (1987:162).
-mhan na. voc. older sister. na-mhne my older sister. See: -me. Etymology: *nemihsa my older
sister.
mehe na. cow; doe. that is, female of buffalo (or deer, etc.).Pl: mheo'o. See: sevone. Etymology: cf.
*mo:swa moose; At by[i[ih buffalo cow (T).
mhepv. cow (that is, female of buffalo (or deer, etc.)). mhe-vtsva doe. Mheana na. (man's name). Indian name of American Horse. Mhenhevoest'e na. (??) Dress Woman. mhesonvtsva na. young doe.
mhevtsva na. doe.Literally: female-deer. Pl: mhevotsevhne. Obviative: mhevotsevhne. mhmemen'stse ni. 1 snakeweed bushes. used in altar of Sun Dance. possibly also glossed as
'peppermint plants' ?? See: mhn'stse. 2 pepper plant.
mhmementse
ni. 1 snakeweed. a native pepper with green berries, probably found on the mhmemen'stse bushes ?? 2 pepper.Literally: serpent-berries. Variant: mhnementse. Usage: Today this pronunciation seems more common than mhnementse.. See: mhne.
-mhname vai. have tapeworm(s). -mhname. He has tapeworms. mhne na. water serpent, water monster. seems esp. to be associated with water in Ch. cosmology; this
is one of several monsters which were important in Ch. traditional cosmology; other monsters were axe, hahpanovhe.Pl: mhneo'o. Obviative: mehno. means 'worm' or 'snake' in compounds, for example: m'emhne worm (lit. hairy-serpent). hevem'emhne yellow caterpillar (PD). ho'mhne earthworm. hes'xemhne blueracer (snake; lit. slippery-serpent). See: 'enovtse. Etymology: *mo:h0e:wa 'worm'.
mhnementse ni. pepper.Variant: mhmementse. Literally: monster-berries. Mhnnhka na. (man's name) ?? -mhnevas vai. worm eaten, wormy ?? Hoohtsstse -mhnevse. The tree is worm eaten. mhnevhkho'hhe
na. marmot; pocket v'kso.Literally: serpent-mixed.color-one. Obviative: mhnevhkho'hheho.
gopher
??
See: stsema'e; hevhkho'hPl: mhnevhkho'hheo'o.
mhnevhkho'hso
na. ground squirrel.Literally: serpent-mixed.color-diminutive. Pl: mhnevhkho'hesono. Obviative: mhnevhkho'hesono.
mhnhke- pv. show off. See: heo'ke. mhn'stse ni. monster plant. used in altar of Sun Dance. See: mhmemen'stse. -mhht vti. love s.t. -mhhta He loves it. vta: -mht. -mhohtahe vai. loving. -mhohtahe. He is loving.Variant: -mohtahe. -mhsne vai. love (people). -mhsne. He loves. vta: -mht. See: -mohtahe. -mhsen
vai. love. he-mhosenesttse his (God's) love (1987:116). Usage: less common than mhsan.Variant: -mhsan.
-mht vta. love s.o. -mhoto. He loves him.Variant: E-mhtho. (younger speakers). N-mhottse. I
love you. N-mhotatsme. I love you (plural). -mhothtsstove. There is love for one another. Kse'he mxhohe-mhothevhe hem'oono. A young lady loved her boyfriend very much.. [CLIFF.TXT:1] Naa m'oseehohe-mhotaehevhe ts't=hensono. And his children really loved him. [1987:294] vti: -mhht.
-mhoxevaen vta. love s.o. right away. See: -mht. -mhoxevaenho. He loved him right away. Nmhoxevaen'e nensoneho. Your children love you.
m'- i. appear. tse-m'hva'xe He will appear coming out (1980:3:57). me'- pv. should. -me'naotse. He should sleep. N-me'msehe. You should eat. See: momxe-. me'- with
an impersonal verb can make a functional command seem less direct. -me'ovenhtove. There should be lying down (usually meaning 'You should lie down'). -me'mshstove. There should be eating (usually meaning 'You should eat'). N-me's'hoveama'haso'he. I wish I were riding horse. can combine with other preverbs (esp. h-) to give rhetorical emphasis: mnme'evseam-h-thoo'e ma'aetaemne there's no way you'll catch me riding on the train! (me'-...h) (1987:29). noo tsa'e me'tn-hvoneotsesstse My, oh where could he be lost? (1987:155). N-me'tntaomhtnve. I cannot do anything by myself. (1987:169). Oxse n-me'htnve. Nevertheless I will not do that. M-me'-vathe'enx-hho'hne. He won't (emphatic) come back for a long time. mn-me''heton'tovtse I will not harm (lit. do anything) to you. (1987:290). hotma'e ho'vva n-me'tavav'ho'eanhestseoh'tvo on a hide I could easily haul her back down (the hill) (1987:30). htsetseha v's'eametannstse ho'noxhaestse na'nhthn'e hhthnshtoha -me'nhestheanma Now if Jim One Bear
(Brave Wolf) were still living, he would be 87 years old (1987:32). oha ta'se hp'e v'phveeevetse -me'nheha'ho'htseo'o but had it been a good day they would have gone further (1987:42). See: me'-h'ke-; h'ke-; mh-; me'-h-; ve'-h-; nonhxe-; tne-h.
-m' vti. find s.t. -m'a. He found it. vta: -m'ov. -m'h'en vai. appear with food. -m'h'ne. She showed up with a plate full of food. -m'ho'he vai. appear by car, be exposed to the sun. -m'ho'he. He got exposed to the sunlight. for
example, when sitting in the shade and the sunshine made its way to where he was sitting.Literally: appear-by.heat/sun. Final: -aho'he; Initial: m'-.
-m'aht vti. recognize taste of s.t. See: -on'aht. -m'hta He recognized its taste. Final: -'aht. vai: m'sen.
-m'a'ee'e vai. head appear sitting, peek over (for example, a car seat). See: -m'a''; -n'po'. m'a'ee'e. His head appears while he is sitting. Hvhno t'-m'a'ee'e. His head barely appears (for example, while he is driving). Notes (Phonology) vs
-m'a''o
vai. peek with head showing. See: -n'po'. -m'a''o. He peeked (with only his head showing).
-m'a'e vai. lie down and watch. Tsa'e nhhe mstava-m'a'enhhe. Someplace from there he
lay down to watch. [1987:252]
m'a'vhosen vai. head appear while in water. -m'a'vhose. His head is showing while he is in
the water.
-m'a'haso'he vai. appear riding horse. -m'a'haso'he. He came into view riding a horse. -m'a'ov vta. drive s.o. to appear. -m'a'ovho. He drove him/them to appear (for example, his cattle
appeared (to others) as he drove them home).
-m'a'xe vai. appear running into sight. a more rapid appearing than -m'ehn. -m'a'xe. He appeared
running into sight. Non'hn'e hne'hkhse-m'a'xsesto hsstse. More and more kept coming, some (soldiers). (1987:51). See: -m'ehn.
-m'an vti. vta. show s.t./s.o., cause s.t./s.o. to appear. -m'anho. He showed him. for example, to
show him through the door so he can be seen by others.
-m'an vai. surface. for example, after diving. -m'ne. He surfaced. See: -m'anotse; -m'oeotse;
m'ne.
m'ne na. bastard.Pl: m'aneo'o. See: m'nstse; m'anhka'e. -m'anheve vai. bastard - be a; illegitimate child - be a. for either a male or female, in other words,
any child born out of wedlock. -m'anheve. He's a bastard.Variant: -m'anhkheve.
m'anka'kne na. illegitimate child, bastard. See: m'ne; me'anhka'e; moose-. -m'anoohe vai. surface. Vtsno hne'vhseosane-m'anoohesstse. Just then he was coming out
of the water again. [1987:291]
-m'anotse vai. surface. -m'anotse. He surfaced. See: -m'an; -m'oeotse. m'nstse na. bastard. See: m'ne; m'anhka'e; m''stse. m'anhka'e na. illegitimate girl.Pl: m'anhka'eo'o. m'anohke ?? na. bastard.Pl: m'anhkheo'o. Diminutive: m'anhkso; Feminine: m'anhka'e. -m'anhkheve vai. bastard - be a. -m'anhkheve. He's a bastard.Variant: -m'anheve. m'anhkso na. bastard, illegitimate child.Pl: m'anhksono. Non-diminutive: m'anohke. -m'ano'h
vta. discover about s.o., diagnose s.o. -m'ano'hho. He discovered (something) about him.Variant: -m'eno'h.
-m'see'e vai. stomach exposed. for example, about someone who is so fat that their shirt doesn't stay
tucked in. -m'see'e. His stomach is showing. BodyPartMedial: -as2. See: -m'oo'e.
-m'sen vai. find taste. -m'sne He found the taste (of s.t.)/the taste came to him. Final: -'sen. -m'atov vii. smoke appear. -m'atva. Smoke is appearing. Medial: -atov. See: -vno't; -s'tov'e.
-m'atovnahn vai. make smoke. -m'atovnhne. He's making smoke. Astomev'h'e hsem'atovnhneo'o. The little devils are making fire (lit. smoke) again. (This was said when
smoke arose out of a reservation coal mine.).
-m'av'seh vta. teach s.o. by example. esp. of teaching bad habits to others. -m'av'shho. He
taught him by example. See: -a'av'seh.
m'av'sem remind s.o.Variant: -m'ov'sem. m'(e)pv. i. appear. See: m'-. tav'hoomenano tsm'ee'eohtsese hotao'o Look at those buffaloes which appear going up the hill! (1987:260). tsenh-m'eanhe'e ksovhe a young man will appear looking down (from the hill) (1987:265). -m'hne He appeared. -m'a'xe He appeared. -m'e'e He appears in view standing. -m'h'o He appeared/he came out. Notes (Phonology) the morpheme-final /e/ does not occur when this morpheme is followed by a consonant (other than /h/) or by a final-initial /a/ or /o/
-m'eenan vta. nominate s.o. See: -nan; -m'neh. -m'eenanho He nominated him. -m'ha vii. lie appearing, appear. -m'ha. It is in sight lying there. vti: -m'hahts. -m'hahts vti. show s.t. -m'hhtse. He is showing it.Literally: appear-lie-cause. Notes (Phonology)
Sounds the same as -m'hhtse 'He has a beard.' vii: -m'eh. See: -m' find s.t.; m'hahts2 bearded.
-m'ehn vai. appear; come in sight.Literally: appear-walk. slower action than -m'a'xe. -m'hne. He
appeared. e'he nh-m'hne. The sun is coming up. e'he tsnxhse-m'hnstse east (lit. where the sun appears from). tshne'e-m'hnetsse e'hho hnhnetameotsesstse after the sun had come up he gave up (1987:171). ne'e-m'hne vhe the morning star has appeared. Antonym: -ta'ehn.
M'hn'e na. Appears Woman. M'hnv'e na. Appears Woman. M'hnonhn'e na. Appears Singing Woman. -m'e'see'e vai. exposed buttocks. for example, from pants hanging too far down as one leans forward.
-m'e'see'e. His buttocks are showing. Notes (Phonology) vs Medial: -'es.
-m'e'ee vai. lie with buttocks exposed. -m'e'e. He's lying with his buttocks exposed. Medial: 'es. See: -tso'ee.
-m''ha vai. fly into sight, appear flying. that is, while flying, come into view. -m''ha. He flew into
sight. In terms of rapidity of motion, from slowest to fastest, the 'fly in sight' verbs rank as follows: -m'e'h, -m'e'hohts, -m'e'hoohe.
-m'e'hohts vai. fly in sight. See: -m'e'h. -m'e'hhtse He flew in sight. M'e'hhts'e na. Flies In Sight Woman. M'e'hhts'vno at Flies In Sight Woman's (=Jenny
Spang's) house (1987:397).
-m'e'hoohe vai. fly into sight, appear flying. -m'e'hoohe. He appeared flying. See: -m'e'h. -m''tsan vai. raid. Ha'sta'he Tsh-m''tsnstse Custer Battlefield. -m'e'tov vta. encounter s.o.; come upon s.o. ts'e-m''tvse noto when the enemy came upon them
(STORIES.TXT).
-m'em vta. tell on s.o., report s.o. This can be a negative action, as in telling on someone, but it doesn't
have to be negative. -m'emho. He told on him. Ntav'nee-m'emoo'o ts'the ma'hhkseho. I just recall and talk about these old people. [1987:187] See: -hsem; -het; hhta'haov; -momxem; -ho''et; -m'emeh.
-m'eman vti. vta. feel s.t./s.o. See: -onstan. -m'emna He felt it (for example, his nose). -m'emeh vta. bother, fool with, molest, butcher s.o. can refer to molesting s.o., for example, a man
molesting a woman. See: -m'emo'eh; -m'em. -m'emhho. He bothered him. -m'emehe. He was fooled with. vti: -m'emests.
-m'emohe vai. appear running, run into view. -m'emohe. He ran into view. tsh-m'emohvse as
they appeared running (1987:246). fai: -mohe.
-m'emstmne vai. bother; be a pest. See: -m'emo'eh. -m'emstmne He bothered/he was a pest.
-m'emests vti. bother with s.t., fool with s.t. -m'emstse He bothered/fooled around with it. oha
ma'heo'o hov'he sahtse-m'emstshe
There is nothing that God cannot fix.
(BERTHA.TXT). vta: -m'emeh.
-m'emo'eh
vta. bother s.o. -m'emo'eeho He bothered him. vti: -m'emo'ests. See: -m'emeh; mtsstm; -mtsstmem. vai. bother, be a pest. for example, a dog who tips over trash barrels. m'emo'estmne. He bothers. See: -h'heetovnove.
-m'emo'estman
-m'emo'ests vti. bother s.t. -m'emo'estse. He's bothering it. vta: -m'emo'eh. -m'en vti. display s.t., show s.t., find s.t. -m'na. He displayed it.
vta. display s.o., show s.o., find s.o. -m'enho. He displayed him (by hand). See: -m'.
-m'enaa'e vai. 1 die in sight of. -m'enaa'e He died in sight of (someone). See: -naa'e.
2 gorge, eat a lot at a feast. Usage: fig.. Nto'sh-me'ename we're going to go to a feast. Notes (Phonology) vs
m'enaesttse ni. big feast. -m'eno'hotse vai. run into sight, appear running. -m'eno'hotse. He ran into sight. -m'eno'h
vta. discover about s.o., diagnose s.o. Usage: This seems to be the more common pronunciation.. -m'eno'hho. He discovered (something) about him. Mxho'nme'eno'h'stse. They failed to find it on her. (1987:42).Variant: -m'ano'h. na. Comes In Sight Singing Woman. some may translate this as Singing Crane
M'enonhn'e
Woman.
-m'enohe
vai. appear suddenly; show up; recognized suddenly. -m'enohe. He stands out in a crowd. -m'enoheo'o. They are suddenly looked up to.
1989:1]
-m'eoesest vti. tell s.t. quickly. See: -hseoesest. N-m'eoessta I told it right then and there. [Bertha -m'ee vai. appear while alighting, appear while landing. -m'ee. He (esp. animate bird) came
into sight as it landed.
-m'eohe vai. appear suddenly. -m'eohe. He appeared suddenly. See: -m'ehn. -m'eoh't vti. find; come upon s.t. tsnhts'o e-m'eoh'ta He found what he was looking for
(=irony: said about s.o. who runs here and there, maybe drinking, etc.--then he has an accident; so that (accident) should be a lesson to him). [1987:257]
-m'eohts vai. appear. -m'ehtse. He appeared. See: -m'ehn; -m'a'xe. M'ehtse na. Appearing. M'eohtsv'e na. Appearing Woman. M'e'e na. Stands In Sight Woman. -m'e'e vai. vii. stand in view, poke out.Literally: appear-stand. -m'e'e. He stands in view / it is
poking out. can be of a nail that is poking out of something. Etymology: *mo:xkika:pi. Notes
(Phonology) vs
-m'setanev vai. tell all, reveal, rat. -m'setanva. He 'squealed'/he told everything/he 'spilled the
beans.'.Variant: -m'stanev.
-m'est vai. explain something, confess, tell. -m'sta. He explained / He explained it. -m'stao'o.
They explained. htoan-me'sthtove. It is difficult to explain. Nth-m'sta. I'm going to confess (esp. at a Catholic Church). vti. -m'stannvo. They explained it. vta: -m'stomev. See: -hsest; -hhta'han.
-m'sta'xe vai. appear entering. -m'sta'xe. He showed up entering (something). See: -sta'xe; m'-. -m'stanev vai. tell on, rat, whistleblow. -m'stanva. He squealed / told on.Variant: -m'setanev.
See: moosem'stanevhe.
-m'stanev'h'o na. whistleblower; snitch; tattletale.Pl: m'stanev'heono. -m'stanev'heneve vai. be a tattletale person. ne-m'stanev'henevstse! Stop snitching!
-m'stomoeh'tov
vta. explain something to s.o. 'ase-m'stomoeh'tovsesto tshetovto ts'e'oestahenove. He began telling him the meaning of baptism. [Stamper 1991:4] See: m'stomev.
-m'stomev vta. explain (something) to s.o. -m'stomevho. He explained it to him. M'stomeveha!

Explain it to him! -m'stomohe. A message was given to him (for example, in a vision). m'stomheo'o ka'kneho. Children are taught/explained to. See: -m'est explain s.t.; m'stomoeh'tov.
-m'stomsan
vai. explain. stahetsema'xe-m'stomsanesstse. (Sweet Medicine) was constantly explaining a lot. [1987:8:42]
m'stse p. always. M'stse nohkenheto'etahe! You're always doing that! [1987:50] -m'ee vai. appear lying. -m'e. He can be seen lying there. m'e'ev'e loc. at the sandbank. M'e'ev'e nhhe sthohoono. At the sandbank there were two
of them (1980:38.2).
-m'evotame na. baby (poss.). na-m'evotame my baby. he-m'evotamevho their baby/babies. m'evtse na. baby. The baby may be born or still unborn, that is, there is no lexical difference such
between English 'baby' and 'fetus.'. Diminutive: m'kevtse.Pl: m'evoto. Obviative: m'evoto; Diminutive: m'kevtse, m'kevotsso. as
-m'evotseve vai. be a baby. -m'evotseve He is a baby. [Stamper 1991:10] me'kma na. box elder.Pl: me'kemhne. Obviative: me'kemhne. Me'kemo'h'e ni. Box Elder Creek. a tributary of the Cheyenne River, east of Bear Butte, South
Dakota.
m'kevtse
na. baby.Pl: m'kevoto. Obviative: m'kevoto. dim. of m'evtse, although dim. sense may not be as strong here as with other morphological diminutives of Cheyenne.
-m'kevotsmaov vta. baby s.o. (sta)-m'kevotsmaovsesto hensono hestnaho She would baby
her child, her daughter (1987:58).
m'kevotsso m'ko''e
na. little baby. a double diminutive, with dim. /k/ and esn/.Pl: m'kevotssono. Obviative: m'kevotssono; Non-diminutive: m'evtse.
suffix
/-
na. hellraiser woman. This refers to a woman who acts wild. The word mth'e is stronger, more severe, and typically refers to a prostitute, while this word does not generally refer to a prostitute, but rather to a woman (often a young one) who gets into mischief. This kind of a woman is not necessarily bad, but she often gets into trouble. Contracted: ko''e. See: m'k'e; mth'e.Pl: m'ko''eo'o. 2 Mexican man; loose person. See: m'ko''e; Tshsem'ko'e; m'eesve'ho'e. 3 Rascal. Feminine: m'ko''e.
m'k'e na. 1 rascal.
m'k'ese na. loose person. epithet. for example, a drinker. similar to pe'ese. m'k'enhe na. crazy man.Pl: m'k'enheo'o. -m'etanhxe vai. lie with breasts exposed, breasts exposed - lie with. -m'etanhxe. She's lying
with her breasts exposed. considered very improper. BodyPartMedial: -tanah; fai: -e.
-m'etan
vai. remember. -m'etno. He remembered.Literally: appear-(in)mental.state; i.e. to remember is to have something appear in one's mind. vta: -m'etan'tov.
-m'etan't vti. remember s.t. N-m'etan'ta. I remembered it. -m'etan'tov vta. remember; think about s.o. This kind of remembering is culturally important, for
example one might say n-m'etan'tvo ma'heo'o 'I remembered God' when one has gone to church. See: -t'ovetan'tov; -txetan'tov. -m'etan'tovho. He remembered him. Nm'etan'tvo. I remember him. Nohkee-m'etannoto nhko'ehe naa nho'ehe tsohkemhae'eheevovstom'vse. I remember my mother and my father, how they taught me. [BERTHA.TXT]
-m'ev vta. find s.o. -m'evho. He found him. Usage: Less commonly used than -m'ov..Variant: m'ov.
-m'eva' vti. find s.t. (by foot). N-m'ev'a. I found it with my feet. [Croft] See: -m'en; -m'. -m'evm vta. remind s.o. of something similar. N-m'vmo. I reminded him of something similar. -m'van vti. find by feeling for s.t. N-m'vna. I found it by feeling for it (for example, a bracelet in
a box).
m'h- i. hairy; fuzzy. See: m'-. m'hahtse1

1 ni. beard, moustache.Literally: fuzzy/hairy-mouth. Pl: m'hahtsentse. Medial: -ahtsen. Etymology: *me:'letona:kani; *mii'etona:kani (Pi). 2 na. Beard.
-m'hahtse2 vai. bearded, moustached. -m'hhtse. He is bearded/he has a beard (or moustache). m'hahtsenao'o. They have beards. See: -m'hahts.
m'hahtsksa na. goat. Usage: formerly used for 'mountain goat'. See: phpe'ksa; ksa. -m'hahtsen
mbp. beard; See: m'hahtse beard. ksne.
moustache.
oo'ke-m'hahtsenhesttse
whisker
puller/shaver.
m'hahtsenksa na. billy goat.Literally: bearded-goat. Pl: m'hahtsen-ksne. Obviative: m'hahtsenme'-h- pv. would never (emphatic). The two preverbs me'- plus h-, not necessarily contiguous, give
emphatic rhetorical effect, similar to English rhetorical questions. Mn-me'-evseam-hthoo'e ma'aetaemne! There's no way you'll catch me riding on the train! (me'-...h) (1987:29). N-me'h-vonetno. I would never forget (for example, how to speak Cheyenne). N-me'h-vonetan'tovtse! I would never forget you. N-me'-h-nhtvetshetna. I wouldn't know how to do it. Hohkse n-me'-h-tnve?! Is it worth it?! N-me'xae-hho'tahe! You can't beat me! M-me'v-h-aahtohe ka'kne?! How could you listen to a child?! (1987:30). Mn-me''-he-ton'tovtse! I will not harm (lit. do anything) to you! (1987:290). See: ve'-h-; mxho'n-; me'-; h-.
me'-h'ke- pv. must, have to, should have (emphatic). -me'h'kemsehe. He should have eaten (but he
didn't). N-me'h'kem'stomeve. You should have told me. See: -h'ke-; h'ke-; nhpa-; tse-; me'-h-; me'-.
-m'hometan vai. wishing for something to happen. -m'hometno. He's wishing for it to happen. -m'hono' vai. see blurry, cloudy vision. for example, after doing too much work close to the eyes
or looking at a bright light. -m'hon'o. He has blurry eyesight. If someone says, "Nm'hon'o," a common humorous response is, "Mnohkema'xethpoosanhhe" ('You must have really been looking at someone's pubic area.') This is a play on the similarity of sound between m'h- 'fuzzy' and words for pubic hair such as m'no. Notes (Phonology) not vs
m'hoomanhtsstse
seaweed.
ni. water plants.Literally: hairy-water-??. these are hairy, fibrous, like grassy
-m'hov vai. be furry, be hairy. -m'hva. He's furry/hairy. Usage: considered crude or vulgar, as
reference to pubic hair is the invited inference. Medial: -ov. See: -m'hov.
-m'hovahe vai. furry; hairy. for example, of a white man who is hairy. -m'hovahe. He is hairy. -m'hovto
vii. furry; hairy. -m'hovto. It's hairy/furry. ts-m'hovto tshne'hkheeno'hhaoena'tomevse a furry hide, how they used to pray to it. Usage: can be vulgar. ho'eve
[1987:230]
-m'hovvees vai. hairy nose. -m'hovvese. He has a hairy nose. -m'hovvhe'on

vai. have hairy hands. V'h'e ... ta-m'hovvhe'onao'o. Whitemen have hairy hands. (1987:221).
-m'hovve'est vai. hairy ears. -m'hovve'sta. He has hairy ears. m'hovvem'xeme na. peach.Literally: hairy-big-fruit. Notes (Phonology) iahPl: m'hovvema'xemeno.
Obviative: m'hovvema'xemeno. See: m'xeme.
-m'hovvn vai. hairy faced. -m'hovvne. He has a hairy face. V'h'e ohkemhe-m'hovveneo'o.
Whitemen have hairy faces. [1987:221]
m'hovvev'ho'e na. hippy.Literally: hairy-ve'ho'e. m'hovvo'eve na. furry hide.Pl: m'hovvo'evo. Obviative: m'hovvo'evo. See: ho'eve. -m'hovvo'nehe vai. be tanned with fur on. a buffalo hide. -m'hovvo'nehe it's tanned with the fur
on.
me'ko ni. 1 ni. head, hair. Holliman Spelling: mi go.Pl: m'kontse. Medial: -ovs, -hts, -a'(k).
2 ni. engine. Me'ko 'xeotse. The engine is cracked. 3 na. council man; council member.Pl: m'kono. Obviative: m'kono; Feminine: m'kon'e. See: vho.
m'kon'e na. 1 council woman.Pl: m'kon'eo'o. See: me'ko.

2 Head Woman.
m'konseno'haseo'o ni. hair pin. m'konssto ni. braid tie.Variant: m'konsto; m'konsesttse. m'konsesttse ni. braid holder.Pl: m'konsstottse. Variant: m'konsto; m'konssto. m'konsto ni. braid holder; braid tie.Variant: m'konssto; m'konsesttse. Pl: m'konsetnstse. -m'kone vai. have hair. s'ma'xe-m'kone. He still has lots of hair. IndepNoun: me'ko. See: -m'hovahe. m'kne obl. on the head. See: me'ko. m'konho'emanesttse ni. tribal government. See: ho'emanesttse. m'konmh'o ni. tribal office building.Literally: head-house. -m'konmeeho't vii. smell of burnt hair. -m'konmeeh'ta It smells like burnt hair. m'konseno'haseo'o ni. hair pin.Variant: m'konseno'haseo'o. Pl: m'konseno'haseontse. M'konso na. Little Head. See: Ma'xstshe Big Head. -m'koneve vii. 1 vii. be a head.
2 vai. be a tribal councilman. -m'koneve He is a tribal councilman. See: me'ko.
m'konvots'o
na. tribal employee. See: hots'o; Pl: m'konvotse'ono. Obviative: m'konvotse'ono.
mavots'o.Literally: head-worker.
m'kono na. tribal council. See: me'ko.Literally: heads. -m'nh

vta. nominate s.o. See: -m'enan. -m'neho. He nominated him. -m'nehho. He nominated him. (pronunciation of younger speakers).Literally: appear-(cause.to)stand. See: -nh.
me'-nepv. can, able. Mnme'ne-vono''tsehe? Can you lift it? See: me'-; ne-. me'nhke- pv. proudly (show off?). See: -menhkahe. -me'nhkestse He is speaking with pride. -m'h'en vai. appear by boat. -m'h'ne. He appeared by boat. -m'e' vai. vii. appear floating, float into view. -m''o. He/It is floating into view. -m'oeotse vai. resurface. possibly a passive resurfacing (for example, that of a dead body) in contrast
to that of -m'anotse ?? ssa'vathe'e-m'oeotshehoo'o. He never did come back up (from the water). [1987:293]
-m'ose vai. appear hanging. Hothkeo'o -m'osne. The stars are moving into view. -m'oseotse vai. appear hanging. for example, of the "cotton" that flies off of cottonwood trees. m'oseotseo'o vhpva. The "cotton" is flying off (the trees).
-m'oeste't vai. slip appear. -m'oest'to. Her slip is showing. fai: -oest. -m'ostaotse vii. appear hanging. -m'ostaotse. It appeared hanging. for example, of an airplane or
a ho'esta, but not of a bird.
-m'e vai. land in sight. -m'e. He landed in sight. -m'oh vti. find s.t. by tool. -m'ha. He made it appear by tool.
-m'oh(n) vta. find s.o. in handgame. esp. refers to finding the opposing player during guessing in
handgame. -m'hnho He found him (the marked bone, in handgame). N-m'ohe. He found me (said in handgame). N-m'hno. I found him (that is, refers to finding the player's bone, animate). vai: -m'hov; Initial: m'-; Antonym: -soh(n). See: n'oesanesttse; -soh(n); -nsoh(n).
-m'homo'he vai. dance into view. Eh-m'hom'hesstse. He danced into view. [Head Chief text] -m'hon vai. guess correctly in handgame.Literally: appear-sign. -m'hne. He guessed the right
bone in handgame. fai: -ohon. See: -m'hov.
-m'hoo'e
vai. appear swimming, appear wading. nh-m'hoo'e He appeared swimming/wading. Hma'e eva-m'hoo'e The Beaver (constellation) has swum into view (in the Spring). hma'e ohkhevoone mhkeva-m'hoehhe tshe'xvva the beaver (constellation), they say, shows up at this time (1987:207). Notes (Phonology) vs Final: -ohoo'e; Antonym: -ta'hoo'e.
-m'hov vai. find handgame bone. refers to finding with an intuitive guess. -m'hva. He found
the handgame bone. Usage: avoided in speaking because of virtual phonetic identity with m'hva 'he is fuzzy/hairy-furred' which can refer to facial hair, but can also connote pubic hair. vta: -m'oh(n); Antonym: -shov. See: -ov; -nshov; -ohn; n'oesanesttse; -m'hov; m'hon.
-m'o'as
vii. fire appear. for example, the fire appeared over the horizon. -m'o'se. The fire appeared.
M'o's'e na. Fire Appearing Woman, Glow Appearing Woman. See: -xo'se. -m'o' vii. appear growing; emerge (of vegetation). -m''e. It emerged growing. See: -hne'; m'.Literally: appear-grow.
-m'o'en vti. invent s.t. -m'o'na. He invented it. tshsema'henetano(httse) ... to'seva-m'o'ene the
Cheyenne sacred way of thinking ... is going to be revived (1987:210).
M''stse vai. 1 surfaced person. This refers to a person who was not previously known for anything
as he was growing up, but now he has made it, and I think he is somebody now (that is, he has surfaced/appeared); it may (but is not required to) also mean that the person referred to thinks he knows more than others. 2 Appearing; Surfaced One. for example, appearing out of water or out of a group of people. See: -m'an; m'nstse.
me'o'h- pv. of course; for sure (emphatic preverb sequence). composed of me'-o'-h- preverbs. me'o'hnheeve Of course he would not do that!
-m'o't vii. appear there, be there in view. -m''ta. It is there in view. -m'o'ts vti. put s.t. in view. -m''tse. He put it where it will show. fti: -o'ts. -m'oma'o' vii. Medial: -ma'.ground appear. tsa'e nhhe tsh-m'oma'o'etse tshvvse somewhere
there close to where he could see where their camp was (1987:252).
-m'neee vai. appear lying ropelike. -m'ne. (A snake) appeared lying there. -m'onoo'e vai. appear sitting. that is, of someone who is sitting and partially seen by others. Nhe'e
mstamhae-m'onoehevhe tsvestovetse. Then they were sitting down looking down at the camp. [1987:258] Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -noo'e. See: -amnoo'e.
-m'oo'e vai. sit exposed. for example, someone is sitting with too much of their body exposed for
others to see. Note that nem'oo'o 'your sweetheart' and nm'oo'e 'you are exposed' are almost identical in sound. Notes (Phonology) vs -m'oo'e. He is sitting exposed. Mn-m'oo'e? Are you showing? See: -m'oo'o; -m'see'e.
-m'oo'koh vii. rain appear. nh-m'oo'kho. Rain appeared. fii: -oo'koh. -m'oo'o na. sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend; date; lover. na-m'oo'o my sweetheart. na-m'oono my
sweethearts. he-m'oono his/her sweetheart. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: m'oono. Obviative: m'oono. See: -m'oo'e sit exposed.
-m'oo'xev vai. appear announcing. -m'oo'xva. He appeared announcing. See: -ho'xev. -m'oovotse vii. water appear running, flood appear. -m'oovotse. Water appeared runnning. for
example, after a rain.
-m'ov vta. find. -m'ovho. He found him. N-m'vo. I found him. -m'ohe. He was found. vti: m'.Variant: -m'ev. Usage: much *neme0kawa:wa I found him..
more
commonly
used
than
-m'ev.
Etymology:
-m'ovo'ham vai. find livestock. -m'ovo'hme. He found his horses. nh-m'ovo'hme. He found
his horses (and is bringing them this way). See: -m'ov.
-m'ov'sem
vta. remind s.o. -m'ov'semho. He reminded him. Ma'hhko'e nm'ov'semaene. Through the badger we have been reminded. [1980:20:71] -m'ov'semeo'o ka'kneho. Children are reminded. See: -m'stomev; -o'hevam.
-m'ovon vta. find s.t./s.o. in water. See: -m'ov; -m'. -m'ovna He found it in water. -m'xe'a'h vii. appear on screen (for example, movie, TV, computer). e-m'xe''ha. It's already
on the screen. See: -mxe'a'h.
-m'xe'eotse
vii. vai. appear on T.V. See: -mxe'a'h. -m'xe'eotse It/He was on T.V. tsm'xe'eotse what was on T.V.
me's'ove- ?? pv. see s'ove- ? me'-sva- pv. still; persist. N-me'svanmne. I'll still sing/I'll go right on singing [for example, even if
you turn coward (for example, run back) in battle]. See: me'-; me'-ne-.
m'e- i. hairy. See: m'h-. M'ees-ve'ho'e Mexican (lit. hairy-nosed-ve'ho'e). -m'ne. He has hair
on his chest. Etymology: *mii'i-.
-m'ees
vai. have a hairy nose; hairy nose - have a. esp. refers to nostril hairs or presence of a moustache. Medial: -es. -m'ese He has a hairy nose. na. Mexican.Literally: hairy-nosed(that is, moustached)-ve'ho'e. Pl: M'eesv'h'e. Obviative: M'eesv'h'e; Medial: -es. See: -m'hahtsen; M'k'e.
M'eesve'ho'e
-m'eesve'ho'nestse vai. speak Spanish, speak Mexican. -m'eesve'ho'nestse. He talks Spanish

(Mexican). Cheyennes sometimes refer to the language spoken by Mexicans as Mexican.
-m'eesve'ho'vn vai. Mexican face. -m'eesve'ho'vn. He has a Mexican face. M'eesve'ho'ven obl. Mexico. -m'eesve'ho'vsan vai. wear Mexican clothes. -m'eesve'ho'vsne. He's wearing Mexican
clothes. fai: -san2.
M'eesve'ho'k'kso na. little Mexican girl. M'eesve'ho'kso na. little Mexican boy. m'estse'he na. fur coat. See: stse'he. m'emhne
na. caterpillar; worm.Literally: fuzzy-worm(serpent). not classified with snakes in Cheyenne folk taxonomy. See: mhne.Pl: m'emhneo'o. Obviative: m'emehno.
m'eme'stahttse ear hair.Pl: m'eme'sthtottse. Usage: probably neologism. -m'n vai. hairy face. -m'ne. He has a hairy/fuzzy face. Usage: vulgar; phonetically similar to
m'ne 'pubic hair'. BodyPartMedial: -n. See: -m'n hairy chest; -m'hovvn.
m'no
ni. pubic hair.Pl: m'enontse. AltPl = m'enonstse See: m'h-; m'e-. Etymology: cf. Ar bsiyoo (male); bsohoo (female). m'n.
-m'en vai. hairy chest. -m'ne. He has hair on his chest. BodyPartMedial: -en. See: -eeon; m'ko ni. buckskin; leather. This word is used for the buckskin covering of a drum. v'ho'm'ko
commercial buckskin. Oblique: m'knhva. See: mskne ??.
-m'konsan vai. dressed in leather. -m'konsne. He is dressed in leather. -m'kono'khan vai. wear leather shoes. -m'kono'khna He has on leather shoes. -m'etsnon vai. Medial: -tsnon.have hairy armpits. -m'etsnna He has hairy armpits. M'evshe na. Hairy Horn; Velvet Antlers.
-me'ta''h vta. hold s.o. so can't move, pin s.o. for example, so someone couldn't move, as in wrestling.
-me'ta''hho. He pinned him. See: -h'en'tov.
m'ta'ome-
pv. block; get in the way. -m'ta'omeestse. He's speaking with his own agenda. See: ta'ome-.
-m'ta'omehn vai. come in front of; block the way; get in the way. -m'ta'omhne. He came in front
of/blocked the way. See: nehp-.
-me'tan vta. hold s.o. tight. for example, so one can't move. -me'tanho. He held him tight (so he
couldn't move). Nxaene-me'tanaa'e. It just held me tight.
m'to'- i. exchange. m't'e p. instead of; on the other hand; in turn; in exchange. See: nthtse; -(n)oname'to'evahe(?); te-;
hp'e; mato. Naa mato tshhe m't'e o'xe, thstshet'htse h'the tstotxsto. And also here on the other side, look, this is what he is talking about. [1987:13] Nohkemhaemvatsemeno naa m't'e hp'e nstsevaamemvemeno. We used to eat you and now, in return, you will eat
us. [1987:45, 186, 226]
-m'to'en
vti. cash s.t., exchange s.t. -m't'na. He cashed it (for example, his check). tsohkem'to'enhtse ma'kaatanstse the one who exchanges money. See: -m'tomev; nthv-; hohtv; -hxan.
-m't'nen vai. cash. esp. of cashing a check. -m't'nne. He cashed (a check). -m'to'evan vti. exchange s.t., replace s.t. -m'to'evna. He replaced it. -m'to'kho'henaa'e vai. die instead. -m'to'kho'henaa'e He died instead (for example, Jesus died
for sinners). Notes (Phonology) vs See: -naa'e.
m'tom- i. submit. -m'tomev

vta. give s.o. an opportunity, give s.o. a chance. -m'tomevho. He gave him an 'opportunity'/he made room for him. (for example, gave up his bed for him). N-m'tomeva. He gave up space for me. N-m'tomoo'e. He loaned it to me. Nxh-m'tomnenone nhe'xvva. We were given a choice at that time. (1987:19).
-m'tomsan vai. give a chance (to people). -m'tomsne. He gives people a chance. me'-tn-h- pv. for sure not, absolutely not, certainly not, very emphatically not. Mnme'-tnehve'ho''eveotse! There is no way I would turn into a white woman! See: me'-; h-; tne-; me'-h'ke.
-mm vta. cry for s.o. for example, of a child who cries when his parents leave. -memo. He cried for
him. vti: mmo't. See: -neve.
mmhe na. grandpa. Usage: baby talk or colloquial, affectionate term. See: ke'he; namme. -mmeehheve vai. be a grandpa. See: -hevxahe. mne-mmeehheve Are you already a grandpa?
Usage: colloquial.
mmse- i. pv. fig., very good.Literally: shitty. Usage: crude. some speakers have used this pv. rather
frequently. -mmsenestse He talks shitty (for example, uses the pv. mmse- a lot in his speech).
-mmseno'e vii. taste very good, taste shitty. -mmseno'e it's "shitty tasting"/tastes very good.
Usage: crude slang.Literally: shitty-taste.
-mmse'han vai. poop while eating. -mmse'hna. He's pooping and eating. -mmsema'xe vai; smell shitty. -mmsema'xe. He smells shitty. -mmsemohe vai. poop while straining. -mmsemohe. He tried so hard to do something that he
pooped. fai: -mohe.
-mmsnome vai. fart while sleeping. -mmsnome He farted during his sleep; farted all night.
Final: -nome.
-mmsetan
vai. want to defecate; have the poop urge. See: -o'hntan. Nne'hkxae'anhemmsetno "I was just going down shitty" (crude, but humorous, expression said by a man
who kept slipping down a hill as he tried to climb it; means something like, "I kept slipping down so much I got scared and, like, pooped on myself"). See: -mmstan.
mmes(t)- i. defecate, shitty, very. this initial can be used as a crude slang intensifier meaning 'very'.
See: mmse-.
-mmest
vti. defecate on s.t., poop on s.t. -mmsta. He pooped on it. H'tva mstamsmstomvhoontse he'xnstse. All at once he crapped in his eyes. [Croft 1988:16:29] vai. shitty groggy. -mmsthano'xe. He's shitty (= very) groggy. See: msthaono'xe. Usage: crude slang.Literally: shitty-hot. See: -hevhetanvho't.
-mmsthano'xe
-mmstho't vii. very hot, shitty hot. -mmsth'ta. It's "shitty hot" (crude slang for 'It's very hot'). -mmsta' vai. defecation urge; nature call. This is a colorful way of referring to getting the urge to
poop or pee. -mmst'e. He's gotten nature's call.
-mmstan vta. make s.o. poop. -mmstanho. He made him poop. for example, by grabbing him
too tightly.
-mmstne
vai. drown. humorous similarity to words referring to defecating. -mmstne. He drowned. vta: -mmstanot. See: -memstanome.
-mmstan'seh vta. drown s.o. -mmstan'shho. He drowned him. See: -mmstanot. -mmstanohts -mmstanome -mmstanot
vti. drown s.t., flood s.t. -mmstanhtse. He drowned it. Nmmstanhtse naamho'hesttse amkva. I flooded my car with gas. vta: -mmstanot. vai. defecate while sleeping. -mmstanome. He defecated while sleeping. fai: nme; Synonym: -mee. See: -mmstne; -nme; -o'ehn; -me'kahe. vta. 1 drown s.o. -mmstanotho. He drowned him. vti: -mmstanohts. See: mmstan'seh. 2 beat s.o. so bad poop came out.
-mmsttamao' vai. laugh so hard there is farting. -mmsttama'o. He laughed so hard he farted.
fai: -tamao'.
-mmstavonho'hva vai. burn up, shitty burn up. N-mmstavonho'hva. You burned (it) up (for
example, you almost burned your house up).
-mmstoo'e vai. sit in excrement. -mmstoo'e. He sat in (his) excrement (for example, a baby in a
dirty diaper). Notes (Phonology) vs
-mmstsem vta. drag the shit out of s.o. Usage: vulgar. -mmstsemho. He dragged the shit out of
him.
-mmstotse'ohe vai. work at an exhausting job, exhausting work, shitty work, work shitty job. mmstotse'ohe. He does exhausting work; "they work the shit out of him.".Literally: shitty-work.
-mmee vai. poop while lying, fart while lying. -mme. He farted while lying there / he pooped
in his sleep. See: -pnste.
-mmo't vti. cry over s.t. -mm'ta. He cried over it. [pd 722] vta: -mm. mn- i. dig. Etymology: *mo:n-. -mnhan vai. charge. for example, what a bull does. -mnhne. He's charging. -mnah(n) vta. charge s.o., tell off s.o., challenge s.o. -mnhnho. He (for example, a bull) charged
at him. [pd337] See: -nameta; -'eotse.
-mna'an vai. make breastworks. See: mna'e. naa ts't=tsnshtxese ksovaheho h-mna'ansesto
And these seven young men built breastworks. (1987:308).
mna'e ni. fort; breastwork. See: -mna'an; mn''e.Pl: mn'stse. Etymology: *mye:ne0ki (Go88). -mna''ne vai. 1 make a fence (or corral). -mna''ne. He's putting up a fence/corral.
2 set boundary. Usage: fig.. -mna''aneo'o. They are setting boundaries.
mn''e ni. corral, breastwork. See: mna'e.Pl: mn''stse. -mname ni. berry (poss.). na-mnamtse my berries. Usage: rare in sg..
-mnann vai. take back; be an Indian giver. -mnanne. He took something back previously given.
Translated as 'he was an Indian giver' in English' meaning 'he gave to an Indian and then took it back.' This is considered worse than stealing to Cheyennes. It has been said to be culturally equivalent to murder. Nstsev'-mnanne! Don't take back what you have given!
-mnann'tov vta. take back s.o. as an "Indian giver". N-mnannentse mo'hno'ha. I took back the
horse. N-mnanne'tova. He took me back. See: -mon'tov.
mene
ni. 1 berry; fruit. the original meaning of 'berry' was semantically extended to other 'fruit'. Usage: rare as sg.. Notes (Phonology) HLPl: mentse. Etymology: *miinali. 2 chokecherry. when speaking English Ch's sometimes refer to chokecherries simply as
"cherries".
men- pv. berry. ma'xemen-mahpe orange juice (lit. big-fruit-water). Etymology: *-min- (medial). Mne''e na. Shell Woman, Doll Woman. mne'e ni. shell. Etymology: cf. *miikehsa; O miigis.Pl: mn'stse. Mne'mn'e na. Shell Road Woman. See: meo'o. mne'kso na. doll.Pl: mne'ksono. Obviative: mne'ksono. -mnet'khnehn
vai. bear too many children. -mnet'khnhne. She bore too many children.Variant: -mnot'evehn.
-menoeho'he vai. spark. Naa hovtse xhee-menoeho'hhoo'o. And there were several kinds of sparks.
(1980:66:92). See: -p'e'tov.
-mnoh vti. dig s.t. (for example, coal). -mnha He dug it (for example, coal) (by tool). ho'ose tshmnohe coal mine (lit. where coal is dug).
-mnohe vai. charge, fight. Nho'-mnohe. I've come to fight. esp. said by a woman to a woman. vta: mnah(n).
mnhe'h'o ni. shovel.Literally: dig-by.tool-(thing). Notes (Phonology) vs; gr vai: -mnhen. mnhe'hestatseo'o
ni. Notes (Phonology) vs
shovel.
See: xanhpe-mnhe'heo'o.Literally: digging-shoulder(?)(.thing).
mnhe'hestatseko ni. shovel. mnhe'khestatseo'o ni. rake. See: mnhe'heo'o; mnhe'hestatseko. -mnhen
vai. dig. Notes (Phonology) pronounced the same as -mnhon for example, to dig with a shovel; -manen is shallower digging to make ground bare. See: -manen; -he'kma'hen. mnhne. He dug. vta: -mnoh(n).Variant: It is possible that some speakers pronounce this; and related words; with -hn; such as -mhnhne. 'He dug.'.
mnohk- i. show off. -mnhkahe

vai. show off. -mnhkahe. He is a showoff. Synonym: -heo'keve. See: mno'keve; heo'kso muskrat.
-mnhketan vai. be in a show off mood. -mnhketno ?[ He is proud/he is 'show-offy'. -mnhkoe't vii. vai. Final: -oe't.hang in the open. hne thta thhe tste-mnhkoe'ttsee'stse
those (plums) which were plainly seen (1987:288).
-mnhknoo'e vai. sit showing off. -mnhknoo'e He's sitting there making sure everyone will see
him/showing off. Notes (Phonology) vs
-mnoh(n) vta. dig out s.o. with a tool. N-mnhnoo'o ho'honeo'o. I dug out rocks. -mnhnho
ho'honaa'o. He dug out rocks. vai: -mnhen.
mn'e ni. chokecherry bush.Pl: mn'stse. See: mn'ke; venho'kotsstse?. mn''e chokecherry bush area. mn'ke
na. willow.Pl: mno'keo'o. mno'keho AlternatePlural. Obviative: mno'keho, mno'ko; Medial: -'(e). Etymology: cf. Sh miitwa'ki, miitwa'kii0a (but note PA under entry mstse 'cottonwood sapling'). See: mn'e; ms'ke.
-mno'keve vai. show off. See: -mnhkahe; -heo'keve. -mno'keve. He's a show-off.
mno'kevhomhesttse ni. Willow Dance. Usage: possible neologism. it has been said that this is
actually today's Sun Dance. The present S.D. is abbreviated and is said to leave out the offering of the participant's wife to the S.D. instructor--a practice outlawed by the U.S. gov't.
mnoo'se p. fortunately, luckily. Mnoo'se nhe'keamehtse. It was a good thing (that is, 'fortunately')
I was slowing down. Mnoo'se mnvanha'enhhe. Luckily, you must have caught him (Croft Text 55). See: -mnoo'seh.
-menoo'xan mbp. eyeball.Literally: globular(that is, berry).shaped-eye. ne-menoo'xanhtse. He

has pain in the eyeball. ot'tave-menoo'xne. He has blue eyes. tne-menoo'xaneo'o? What color are their eyes? BodyPartMedial: -'xan eye. See: men- berry.
Mnt'e
na. 1 close in age person. Can be pronounced something like an epithet, functionally equivalent to saying 'too many children' about someone; used of someone who is considered to have too many children, often in stairstep succession one year apart. Variant: mnt'ke. Pl: mnot'eo'o. 2 Close In Age. vai. bear too many children, bear children too closely spaced to each other. mnot'evhne. She has her children spaced too closely together. See: -v'soehn.Variant: mnet'khnehn.
-mnot'evehn
mnot'khso na. close in age child.Pl: mnot'khesono. -mnot'khnehn

vai. bear children close together. -mnot'khnehneo'o. They have their children close together in age. 2 chokecherries. When speaking English Ch's sometimes refer to chokecherries simply as
mentse ni. 1 berries. Singular: mene.

"cherries.".
Mnove'e na. Stands Bad Woman. See: hvsve-. Etymology: ?? 'bad'. mo- pv. morning. Etymology: cf. M miip. See: -vona'. N-mo'eotse. I woke up early in the morning.
Nsthse-movomtse. I'll see you again tomorrow morning. -mokhkonheonne. She made bread this morning. Nosee-mot'e. I got up really early this morning. Nhe'xvva 'hkeose'vhohe-moto'eo'o tshtaa'hahese. At that time the older people used to get up very early. [1987:170] tsh-movona'o early this morning.
Mh'e na. Running Woman. -mohe fai. run, strain, thrust. ame-mohe. He ran along. ve-mohe. He ran about. ho'e-mohe. He
arrived running. Nv'e mhnma'e-mohehevhe tshhe Mo'htvo'honva. For four days they ran in circles here in the Black Hills. [1987:245] See: -o'hotse.
-mht vti. fight s.t. -mhta. He fought it. Nohke-mhta tshvsva'e. I'm fighting against evil/the
bad. (a natural expression). vai: -m'; vta: -mt. See: -mhht love s.t.. Etymology: *miika:t-.
-mohtahe vai. loving. -mohtahe. He is loving.Variant: -mhohtahe. See: -mhsan. -mohth'heneve vai. be a loving person. -mohth'heneve. He is a loving person. -mht'h -mhtom
vai. love husband. -mht'ha. ?? She loves her husband. Usage: obsolescing. See: moseham. vta. have a loving relationship with s.o. as a relative. -mohtoemo. He has a loving relationship with him as relative. -mohtomhtsstove. There is getting along lovingly with relatives.
-mohtovohe vai. love baby (or small child). This is traditionally considered a very difficult thing,
since it requires great sacrifice on the part of the parent, and often great expense of gift-giving to appropriate parties. -mohtovohe. She/he loves her/his child/baby/children. fai: -vohe.
-m' vai. fight. -m'e. He's fighting / he fought. vti: -mht; vta: -mt. -m'tan
vai. fight desire, want to fight. -m'tno. He wants to fight; he has a chip on his shoulder. vai: -m'.
mo'evo'ha na. war horse.Pl: mo'evo'hme.
-mo'xan vai. have eyes closed. -mo'xne. His eyes are closed. -mo'xane
vai. lie with eyes closed. -mo'xane. He's lying with his eyes closed.Variant: mo'kxane.
-mo'kxan'o vai. close eyes. -mo'kxan'o He closed his eyes. [1987:315] -mo'kxanotse vai. close eyes quickly. -mo'kxanotse. He closed his eyes quickly. -mo'kxane vai. lie with eyes closed.Variant: -mo'xane. -mo'kxane. He's lying with his eyes
closed.
-mo'kxanvo'hotse meo'o
vai. run with eyes closed. -mo'kxanvo'hotse. He's running with his eyes closed. fai: -o'hotse.
ni. path, road, way, trail.Pl: montse. ne-meo'o your road. Ma'heo'o hemeo'o God's way (an expression used by Cheyenne Christians, especially in songs). Locative: monva; Oblique: mne. Notes (Phonology) vs Etymology: *mye ??.
momhtme ni. breakfast.Literally: morning-food. Usage: neologism. See: -htam; mhtme. Mom'hne na. Appears In the Morning. Mom'hn'e na. Appears In the Morning Woman. Mn'e na. Trail Woman. Mona'hane na. Morning Killer. See: Vona'han'e. Mona'han'e na. Kills In the Morning Woman, Morning Killer Woman. See: mo-; -na'han. -monan vai. road build, make a path, break trail. used figuaratively of someone who starts trouble
and others follow him, esp. of a child. -mnne. He is making a road.
monanve'ho'e na. roadbuilder.Pl: monanv'h'e. mne loc. on the road. See: meo'o; monva. monematanave'ho'e na. highway patrolman.Literally: road-policeman. Monstoohe na. Howling In the Morning. Monstooh'e na. Howling In the Morning Woman. mnva obl. on the road. See: mne; meo'o. Mohts'e na. (woman's name). -msan vai. fight people. -msne. He fights people. Final: -san. See: -san. -moseham vai. love husband. -mosehma. She loves her husband. Usage: probably not widely
used. See: -mht'h.
-mose'v vai. love wife. -mose'va He loves his wife. Usage: probably not in wide usage. -mt
vta. fight s.o. -moto. He fought him. -mtho. He fought him (younger speaker pronunciation). Nth-meothtsmne! Let's go box! (literally, fight). This word can be extended to certain games, esp. boxing. This verb stem illustrates that there are two main "dialects" with regard to how high pitches on obviated verbs are treated by Cheyenne speakers. With verbs having a proximate third person subject and an obviated third person object, the older style is to cause a phonemic high pitch on the last syllable of the stem to drop to a low pitch when adding the direct voice obviation marker /o/. Among younger speakers, the newer style is to regularize such verb stems to follow the same pattern as verb stems having a phonemic low pitch on the last syllable of the stem, and add the longer direct voice obviative suffix /h/, and maintain the underlying phonemic high pitches as phonetic high pitches. We call this newer obviation pattern Obviation Regularization (abbreviated as OR). Some older speakers are sufficiently accustomed to the older un-regularized obviation pattern for stems ending in a phonemic high pitch that they will insist that the OR pattern is "incorrect". Some other verbs stems which illustrate these two obviation pitch contours are: -mht 'love s.o.' (older speakers: -mhoto 'he loves him', younger speakers: -mhtho); -mv 'eat s.o.' (older speakers: -mevo 'he ate him', younger speakers -mvho); -vovhnheh 'take care of s.o.' (older speakers: -vovhnheeho 'he took care of him', younger speakers: -vovhnhehho), and -asnot 'sing an honor song to s.o.' (older speakers: -asnooto 'he sang an honor song to him', younger speakers: -asnotho). Intransitive verb stems ending in a phonemic high pitch can also experience the "dialectal" differences in pitch contours when taking an obviated subject. Some examples are: -m' 'fight', -hn, and -m' 'invite to a feast'. With these intransitive stems there can be from one to four pitch and suffixal variants among older speakers when
they utter an obviated verb. And nouns with a phonemic pitch preceding an obviative suffix experience the two main dialectal pitch contours, also: for example, 'e 'duck', e'xo 'duck (obv.; older speakers), 'xho 'duck (obv.; younger speakers); pe'e 'nighthawk', pe'o 'nighthawk (obv.; older speakers), p'ho 'nighthawk (obv.; younger speakers). (For a technical description of the obviation pitch contours, see the article "Cheyenne Obviation Pitch Alternations" by W. Leman, 1987.). vai: -msan; vti: -mht. See: -moxevaen; -hseh. Etymology: *miika:0e:wa.
-moxevaen vta. fight s.o. more agressive action than -mt. -moxevaenhtseo'o They are fighting
each other. Nme'ne-moxevano. You should fight him. [1987:287] See: -mt.
msa- pv. would not, negative counterfactual. m'hhtse he'hma -msato'tvxamaevo'stanvhe

He has a beard so he couldn't be an Indian, could he?! N-msatnenhhe I wouldn't have known how to say it (but you did)! N-msatnexh'enoohhe. I would not be able to finish cooking right away. Notes (Phonology) probably /me'/ + /sa/ See: meh-; sa-.
-mese
vti. eat.s.t. -mese. He is eating it. N-mese. I'm eating it. N-msentse mentse. I'm eating berries. -msehe? Did he eat it? (phonetically the same as -msehe 'he ate'). Hnov'e tsmseto? What did you eat? Hnov'e tsmsse? What did you (plural) eat? -mese ho'vohktse. He ate meat. -msstove. It (for example, meat) is eaten. Etymology: *nemiicyeni. vta: -mv; vai: -msehe. vai. sober. -mseahe. He is sober/normal/honest. e-mseahe. He's sober now. See: mse'kahe.
-mseahe
-mseeotse vai. come to one's senses; regain consciousness; sober up, reform; see the light. This has a
primary meaning of (often, rapid) regaining of consciousness or clear-mindedness. It has been extended to refer to becoming sober from drunkenness, but this is not the core meaning. mseeotse. He came to his senses. Antonym: -mshneeotse. See: -mseee; vvhee-; nontove'e.
-mseee vai. revive, sober up, regain consciousness, awaken from deep sleep. Variant: -meee. The s
often assimilates to the following . -mee. He's coming out of a drunken stupor. mneva-msee. He's just now coming back out of a drunken stupor. Mva-mseeenhhe. He must have come back to life. [1987:397] See: -mseeotse; -mseahe.
-msevm
vta. talk sense into s.o.; exhort s.o. -msevamo. He talked sense into him. amemsevameo'o s'ea'e tsnhmneasevse. (Children) are encouraged right away from when they are just starting to grow (in traditional Indian childraising). me'-msevame! Talk some sense into him! (lit. he should be talked sense into). See: -on'evm.
-mseevo'ee vai. sober up from falling. Nva-mseevo'e. I came to my senses from falling. -msehe vai. eat. -msehe. He is eating. Mnstse-msehe? Are you going to eat? Ne-mshehe? Did
you eat yet? Nsa'e-mshhe. I did not eat yet. sa-mshhe. He did not eat. Nsavsemshhemanehe? Are we (excl) not eating also? Nsa-mshhemanehe? Are we (incl) not eating? Mnsavse-mshhme? Do you mean we (excl) are not eating also? Nthmshmne! Let's go eat! Mseestse! Eat! Ven-hemseestse! Come eat now! Nxh-mseestse! Come eat! H-mseestse! Come eat! Msehe! Eat! (said to more than one person). H-msehe! Come eat! (said to more than one person). Th-mseestse! Go eat! Nxh-msheo'o! Come eat then! (delayed command). He'ke-mseestse! Eat quietly/in an orderly fashion!
Eohkhe'khmstoe-mshstove, ohksahtxove'hanohtsstovhne, mhtme ohkemxa'santo. Sit down and eat, don't eat rushed (or don't walk around eating), (if you eat
slowly) the food will touch (you; that is, you'll feel it). (This is a traditional saying, intended to get people to relax, not to be too frenetic.). vti: -mese; vta: -mv, -msh'tov. See: -mha'ham. Etymology: *miicyehswiwa.
Msh'e na. 1 Northern Cheyenne woman.Variant: hmsh'e.

2 Northern Cheyenne Woman. both a common and proper name.
-msh'hanaa'e vai. eat sitting. -msh'hanaa'e. He ate sitting. Notes (Phonology) vs -msh'han'e
vai. eat standing, stand eating. -msh'han'e. He ate standing. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -. See: -msh'e.
-msh'hanxe vai. eat lying. This is culturally disapproved of. -msh'hanxe. He's eating lying
down.
-msh'tov vta. eat in reference to s.o. Nnoose-mshentse. I ate without him. vai: -msehe; vta: -mv.
See: -vse'hanm eat with s.o..
mshmh'o -msh'e
ni. cafeteria; cafe; restaurant; dining room.Literally: eating-house. See: ts'hkemshstove. vai. eat standing. See: -nhove'han; -msh'han'e. -msh'e He ate standing. Notes (Phonology) vs
-mshotse vai. eat quickly. Mshotsstse! Eat quickly! (for example, even though you are in a hurry
and might prefer to skip eating). The -otse form here gives the idea of quicker action than with the simple stem -msehe; the quickness of action does not necessarily mean to gulp food down quickly, but rather refers to the shortness of time available in which to eat.
mshesttse1 ni. food.Literally: eating-NOM; that is, eating thing. Homonym: mshesttse2 potato. It is
not easy to explain the difference between mshesttse and mhtme. One explanation is that mshesttse is more like groceries while mhtme is food at home, such as in a pantry. See: mhtme food.
mshesttse2 -mshtan
na. potato.Variant: astomemshesttse. food.Pl: mshstoto. Obviative: mshstoto.
See: ho'enoo'o.
Homonym: mshesttse1
vai. want to eat. N-mshtno. I want to eat. -mshtno. He wants to eat. Nmshtanohe? Do you want to eat? Nsa-mshtanhe. I don't want to eat. See: -han; mantan. -stovostanen.
-mshvost vii. time to eat. -mshvosta. It's time to eat. Usage: loan transl.?. See: -ho'ostanen; -mse'ahe vai. defecate, poop. Etymology: cf. O miizii. See: -me'kahe; -o'ehn; -esme. -mse'ahe. He
defecated. Usage: crude. used of bowel movements of humans or animals. Usage: For human defecation the euphemism -o'ehn is usually preferred..Variant: -mse'kahe. vta: -mset.
mse'hotse vai. defecate. -mse'htan vai. feel like defecating. N-mse'htno I feel like defecating. -mse'homhtohe
vii. be believed in (as cultural beliefs); be a superstition. naa mato h'the tstotxstmo hotoo hov'he tsohkeemhae-mse'homhtohe naa mato tsohkeemhae'ehevstove And also this what I'm going to talk about, uh, has to do with
things you believed in and also what you did. [1987:214]
-mse'kahe
vai. defecate, poop. -mse'kahe. He defecated.Variant: -mse'ahe; -asme. vta: -mset. See: -o'ehn; -mseahe.
-mse'e vai. stand sobering up. -mse'e. He's standing sobering up. Notes (Phonology) vs -mseoo'e vai. sit sobering up. -mseoo'e He's sitting sobering up. Notes (Phonology) vs -mseovotse vai. come to after having water thrown on. -mseovotse. He came to from having
water thrown on him.
-msee vai. defecate during sleep. -mse. He defecated while sleeping. Assimilated: -mee. -mset vta. defecate on s.o., poop on s.o. -msetahtse. He pooped on himself. -mset'e. He (obv)
pooped on him. vai: -mse'ahe, -mse'kahe.
msta na. knothead. can esp. be used as a teasing word by a man for his brother-in-law. -msetan't vti. want to eat s.t. -msetan'ta. He wants to eat it. ms'ke na. 1 swallow. AltPl = mso'keho Obviative: mso'keho.Pl: mso'keo'o.
2 Swallow. See: mn'ke.
mstaa'e na. bogeyman; spook; ghost; owl.Pl: mstaeo'o. Obviative: mstaoho. A mstaa'e says "errh";
caregivers say this to children to scare them, for example, so they won't venture out into danger at night, or so that they will "toe the line" in behavior. Notes (Phonology) vs Diminutive: mstahke, mstaso. Taa'va nstsev'novo'eohtsme; mstaa'e nstsenmhtsen'o'havo. Don't eat (pl) outside at night; a bogeyman will give you a crooked mouth. (a cultural injunction). See: v'kshemstaa'e; hevovetso. Etymology: cf. *mya:0we:wa owl spook; cf. Ar bit 'ghost'; b0ei 'owl'.
Mstaa'e hma'aestse na. Red Owl. See: Ma'emstahke. Mstaa'hhe na. Owl Woman. mstaehmkone ni. owl spoon. pod of milkweed. Mstahot'e na. Ghost Bull. Mstama'hahe na. Ghost Chum. Mstanst'e na. Ghost ?? Woman (Ghost Land Woman?). Mstao'h'e ni. Owl River. Known today as the Moreau River; runs into the Missouri River above
the mouth of the Belle Fourche River.
Mstaeo'o Ts'hketxeohtsvse vai. Halloween.Literally: when spooks go around. mstaso ni. little owl. Non-diminutive: mstaa'e. -mstav-honn vai. make ghost bread. -mstavhonne She made ghost bread. mstavhonoo'o
ni. ghost vtkvhonoo'o.
bread;
bogeyman
bread.
See: txhonoo'o;
tho'khonoo'o;
-mstavn vai. ghost face, ghostly look. -mstavne. He has a ghostly looking face. mstavnhe na. ghost face, spook face. Usage: teasing word. -mstavsan vai. wear Halloween clothes. -mstavsne. He has on Halloween clothes. mstavsanhe na. clown. See: mstaa'e; henvetane.Literally: spook-dressed-one. Mstavhom'hesttse ni. Owl Dance, Halloween Dance. Usage: neologism used for Halloween
dance.
mstavoo'xnhe na. bogeyman big nose. Meadowlarks say this to mock you. mstavoo'xn'hhe
women.
na. bogeyman big nose woman. Meadowlarks sometimes say this to mock
Mstavse ni. Owl Butte. located near the head of the Owl (Moreau) River. -msthano'xe vai. groggy, grouchy. -msthano'xe. He is grouchy after waking up/wants to sleep
some more. fai: -no'xe.
mstahke
na. screech owl. Non-diminutive: mstaa'e. Usage: used for a child who throws a tantrum.Pl: msthkeo'o. AltPl = msthkeho Obviative: msthkeho. See: msthkso; -mstov.
msthkso na. little owl. Holliman Spelling: miss da gi sso; Non-diminutive: mstaa'e. See: mstahke. -mesttse fni. bag; pouch. ka'-mesttse purse (lit. short-bag). mo'e'-mesttse gunny sack (lit. grassbag). tse'nmoo-mesttse tobacco pouch. See: hoo'he. Etymology: *-mo:tayi.
-mstov vai. pout when refusing to eat. -mstva. He is pouting. See: -a'evn'; -hanomsth. Mstovksa na. Pouting Sheep. mstse na. cottonwood sapling; young cottonwood; cottonwood. Etymology: *miitwiya 'quaking aspen,
American poplar'. AltPl = mstseo'o Obviative: mstseho.Pl: mstseho. these are used in the altar of Sun Dance. See: mn'ke.
mee
na. tick; woodtick. Etymology: cf. Ar bsee 'bug'.Pl: mne. Obviative: mne. The plural is sometimes deliberately confounded with m'ne for ribald, humorous effect. See: mkso; m'ne.
-meee vai. sober up. -me. He is sobering up.Variant: -mseee. See: -mseeotse. -meh vta. find out about s.o. N-mho. I found out about him. N-mhne I was found out. See: menov.
-mm
na. grandfather; father-in-law. grandfather extended to father-in-law. ne-mme your grandfather. na-mme my grandfather. N-meme! grandfather (voc.). na-mmasstse grandfathers (voc.). he-memo his grandfather. ne-mmane our (incl) grandfather. tshemmto the one who is my grandfather. See: memehe grandpa; nke'he my grandmother. Etymology: *wemeho:mali ? 'his grandfather'.
-men vti. detect s.t.; notice s.t.; realize s.t.; sense s.t.; find out s.t. See: -homotse; -hne'en. mna He noticed/realized it/found it out. vta: -menov.
menonetsnne na. bat. Usage: od. Holliman Spelling: mi ssi yi ni zi no ni. See: mkanetsnoonhe. -menov vta. detect s.o., find out about s.o. -menovho. He found out about him. N-mnvo. I
detected him. naa oha mh-menoehevovhe but they (prox.) had been discovered (by the soldiers). [1987:42] vti: -men. See: -meh; -homots'tov; -hne'enov.
-menov vti. detect; discover; find out about s.t. hestatanemo msta-menovhehevhe her brother
found out about it (1987:304).
-mee vai. defecate while lying down, poop during sleep. -me. He pooped in his sleep / he lay in
his excrement. Non-assimilated: -msee. See: -o'ehn; -mse'ahe; mmes(t)-; -mmstanm.
-met vta. defecate on s.o. -metho ?[ He defecated on him. -metahtse He 'messed' himself. mkso
na. bug, insect. Obviative: mksono.
possibly
dim.
of
mee.Pl: mksono.
AltPl
mksoneho
-mt vta. give (s.t./s.o.) to s.o. N-mto. I gave it to him. -mto. He gave (it) to him. -mtho. He
gave (it) to him. (pronunciation of younger speakers). Nh-metsstse! Give it to me! N-metse. You gave it to me. N-mtaa'e. He gave it to me. N-mtaentse. He gave them (inan.) to me. N-mtaenoto. He gave him (or them) to me. N-mtatsentse. I gave him to you. Mtseha! Give (it) to him! Nastome-mtaa'e. He gave it to me for nothing (it didn't cost me anything). Reduplicated: -momt. See: -mea'e; -nahev. Etymology: *miili.
Mthts-hosanesttse ni. Christmas.Literally: giving.to.one.another-hanging(on tree) (that is, speaks

of giving of presents to one another and hanging of presents on a tree) . Usage: neologism; not widely used.Variant: Hosanesttse.
mta'eko ni. na. skull.Pl: mta'kono. Obviative: mta'kono. See: -he'konvstsea'a; sotsmeta'eko. mta'xe ni. scalp. hair and skin removed from body of someone.Pl: mt'xstse. he-mta'xe his scalp
(from someone's head or which he owns). See: me'ko head; -o'eoestas scalp s.o.; -hemta'xe have a scalp. Etymology: *mii0e'i.
mta'xestse'he na. scalp shirt, war shirt. It is decorated with fringes. -mta'xestse'hen vai. wear a scalp shirt. N=tsvhonevstse mh-mta'xestse'henhhe this chief
(officer) had on a scalp shirt (1987:22).
-mtsstm vta. mistreat; torture; persecute; cause s.o. to suffer. -mtsstomo He tortured/mistreated
him. N-mtsstmemeno You're persecuting us. [1987:53] Reduplicated: -momtsstm.
-mtsstmem vta. badger him. -mtsstmemho. He badgered him. See: -m'emo'eh. -mtsstvo'eh vta. mistreat s.o. N-mtsstvo'ehanema. We are being mistreated. (1987:40). -mtsevaen
vti. vta. give quickly s.t./s.o. quickly. -mtsevaenho. He gave it to him quickly. m'hthtxove-mtsevaenhtshenovtse. They sent (orders) back and forth to each other. (1987:45). -mtsevaennoto. He handed him (for example, the baby) to her/him.
-mv vta. 1 eat s.o. lit. to eat something animate, for example, melon, fish, rabbit. -mevo. He ate him
(for example, chicken). -mvho. He ate him (younger speakers.). -mevo nom'ne. He ate fish. Etymology: *mo:[h]wa:-; cf. M miiw. vti: -mese. 2 gossip about s.o. Usage: fig.. N-mv'e. They ate me (=they gossiped about me). See: x'xanom chew s.o.; gossip about s.o.. 3 have oral sex with s.o.
Mvave na. Tonkawa Indian.Literally: eater (that is, cannibal ?). Pl: Mvavheo'o. -mvsan vai. 1 eat people. Final: -san. See: -mv. hovhne ts'hkemhaeh-mevsanvse when
animals used to eat (humans) (1987:245). 2 gossip.
mhayo'o ni. house. Usage: This is a simplified spelling for mheo'o which is more difficult to read.. Precise
Spelling: mh'o.
m-
mode. inferential mode prefix. This prefix is contracted from the full word mhe and attaches
(cliticizes) to a following word. The Ch. inferential mode, which usually takes this clitic, is
very commonly used; special suffixation is required, which includes the negative suffixes -h (with the high pitch lowered in inferentials) or -han (for II verbs), and an additional word-final /-h/. The third person prefix does not appear in the inferential mode. M-nmenhhe. He must have sung / he must be singing. M-nmenhevhe. They must have sung / they must be singing. M-hvomhevhe. He must have seen him. M-hoo'khhanhe. It must have rained. m-hva maybe (cf. hv=mhe). M-nhe? You mean that one? M- may also precede speaker assumption tag questions, in which case third person pronominal prefixes appear (cf. regular questions, under entry -he): M'-nmne? Is he singing? / Was he singing? Mnmnevho'eohe? Did you just get back? With the preverb sequence me'-h 'should-intentive', m- plus the indicative creates a strong negation: M-me'hene'ennvo. They would *never* understand it. (1987:239). Negative inferentials require conjunct order suffixation and the negative preverb ho'n-. Many speakers always include the inferential clitic m= with negative inferentials, some do not. M-ho'nnemenvse. They must not have sung. Non-contracted: mhe. See: hva; -he; mho'n-.
-mo fti. you, TI conjunct suffix for second person subject. Hnov'e tsvohto-mo? What did you see?
tstotxsto-mo what you talked about.
-m fti. TI conjunct suffix for first person subject. tstotxst-mo what I talked about. mochk ni. knife. Simplified spelling. Precise Spelling: motke. -mokhtsen vai. have a puckered up mouth. -mokhtse He has a puckered up mouth. mokhtsen-noma'he
sucker; bass.Literally: puckered.up-mouth-fish. Pl: mokhtsen-nom'ne.
Obviative: mokhtsen-nom'ne.
mhe p. maybe; really?; could it be?; right?; question particle; inferential mode clitic. cliticizes as m= to
a verb or other word being questioned: M-nnaotse? Are you sleeping? M-naotshhe. He must be sleeping. M-ts'the? Do you mean this one (an.)? M-t'the? Do you mean that one (an.)? Etymology: *mya:i. See: m-; m=hva; hv=mhe; m=hnsehe.
mhe- i. gather; assemble. Notes (Phonology) related redup. mmheve-? -mhea'ov vta. gather s.o. N-mhea'ovoo'o. I gathered them. See: -mheeotseh; mhean; -hohpo'an. -mhea'ovo'ham vai. gather herd. N-mhea'ovo'hme. I gathered up my herd. fai: -'ham. -mhean vti. collect s.t./s.o., gather s.t./s.o. -mhena. He collected it. Naa khamaxstse nhe h'e tamheanantse. And that woman gathered firewood (sticks). vta. -mheanho. He collected them (animate). See: -mheeohts; -hohpo'an.
mhee- pv. gather, assemble. -mheenha'enoo'o. He gathered-caught them (for example, fish, with a
net).
-mheehe vai. camp together, gather as an encampment. 'gather' in sense of 'come together'. used with
pl. subjects. -mheeheo'o. They gathered. Tshhe mave'hono tshnsovaotse ohkemheehstove. here at the Forks (of Lame Deer) there was a gathering. [(1987:179] See: mheeohts.
-mheehn vai. assemble, gather. used with pl. subjects. Tshhe nohkee-mheehnme. Sometimes
we gather here. [1987:188]
-mheeht vta. gather to come after s.o. See: -ho'ht. Mhma'xe-mheehtaehevovhe ntx-v'h'e.
So the soldiers gathered to come after (attack) them. [1987:44] Final: -ht.
-mhee'h'tov
vta. fly gathering around s.o. for example, of flies gathering around someone. mhee'h't'e. He (prox) was gathered around by (flies). Final: -e'h.
-mheen' vai. sew together. for example, to sewed two pieces of cloth together. -mheen'e. She
sewed (it) together. See: -hahpen'.
-mheeohts vai. gather; meet; assemble. not used with sg. subjects. -mheeohtseo'o. They are having
a meeting. -mheeohtsstove. There is a gathering (or a meeting). See: -mheehe; -mano'e.
-mheeohts'tov
vta. gather to s.o.; swarm to s.o. heso h-mheohts'toestse whenever the flies swarmed around her.
-mheeotseh vta. gather s.o.; assemble s.o. -mheeotshho. He gathered them together. used only
with pl. objects; different meaning of 'gather' from -hohpo'an. Naa mh-mheeotshaehevovhe
tshesthna'haevse. And they gathered all those they had killed. mhean; -hohpo'an.
[1987:43]
See: -mhea'ov; -
-mhevm
vta. call together s.o., gather s.o. by calling. -mhevamo. He called them together.Variant: -mhevamho. (younger speakers). Mhevama! Call them together! (said to more than one person). Final: -vm. -mheevhtomo'he He's calling (people) to gather. See: -mhevm.
-mheevhtomo'he vai. call to gather. for example, the calling of a crier to people to gather together. -mhen vai. gather s.t. -mhn. He's gathering it. For instance, trying to gather up enough drymeat. -mhenh'en
vai. gather food. to bring food together, esp. to a meal such as a potluck. mhenh'eneo'o. They brought food (to the meal). Final: -ah'en.
mhenh'enesttse ni. potluck. mhenshanehe p. Is that all now? See: mnheta'e; mhnsehe. mhnsehe vii. Is that right? See: hnsehe; mhe; mhenshanehe. -mhenem vai. play cards. -mhenma. He's playing cards. -mhenemao'o. They are playing
cards.
Tsa'e nta-mhenma? Where did you play cards? (1987:397). Ntamhenemmne! Let's play cards! (this is one of the things meadowlarks are said to sing). See: -nhasen.
mhenmh'o ni. casino.Literally: playing cards house. Usage: neologism. mhenemahttse ni. card; membership card. mhenmo1 na. card (as in a deck of cards). Homonym: mhenmo2 ladybug.Pl: mhenemono.
Obviative: mhenemono.
mhenmo2
na. ladybug. Obviative: mhenemono.
Homonym: mhenmo1
playing
card.Pl: mhenemono.
-mhenemt vta. play cards with s.o. -mhenemoto He played card with him. [PD211] mhenhenesttse ni. rake. mhenheo'o
ni. rake, farm rake (a farm implement). See: mhonma'heo'o; man'konnto.Literally: gathering thing ??. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: mhenheontse. ts-
-mheno'a'ham -mheno'eet
vta. pull hair of s.o. Nma'xe-mheno'a'hmo. I jerked him by the hair. mheno'a'hamhtseo'o. They are pulling each other's hair. vta. hold s.o. by the hair. for example, about to pull her by the hair. vtsno mheno'eetho Right (for example, as I walked in the room) he was holding her by her hair.
-mhen'enen vai. gather hay. -mhen'enne. He is gathering hay. mhenma'henesttse rake. mhenoma'heo'o ni. rake. m-hva pv. maybe. Notes (Phonology) combination of mhe + hva See: mhe; hva. -mheva'o'ham vai. gather livestock. -mheva'o'hameo'o. They are gathering livestock. mhkve
na. bobcat. See: nanse'hame.Pl: mhkavheo'o. AltPl = mhkaveho Obviative: mhkaveho, mhkavheho (alt.).
Mhkv'e na. Lynx Woman, Bobcat Woman. Mhkheno'e na. (man's name). -moho sfx. surprisal suffix. see comment on the surprisal under -hoo'o. Ntahevxah'tovats-moho
nhto You ARE already now my son-in-law," I told him. (1987:174; note that the suffix is
used on a local person combination verb here, which reinforces the analysis that the (primary?) function of the Cheyenne surprisal is to indicate emphasis.).
-mh'khtahe
vai. totally naked, naked totally. -mh'khtahe. He is plum/totally naked. Usage: obsolescent. See: -vvo'kahe.
mho'n- pfx. must not be, conjunct inferential (inferential) negative prefix. Formed from m- + ho'n-.
With past tense, m=xho'n-. Parallel inferential affirmatives are in the independent order. Indep. inferential prefix is m= (from mhe). Some speakers omit m= saying just ho'n-. Mho'n-mxannstse. He must not have signed. Mho'n-eho'nhe'xvetse. It must not be time yet (for example, for her to give birth). Mho'n-hetsevmhtse. He must not be afraid to say anything to him. See: ho'n-; mhe; m-. Etymology: cf. Cree apwa: ?? negative prefix governing conjunct.
Mh'htse na. (man's name) ?? mho'ohtse ni. part of Ursa Major (that is, handle of Big Dipper). mh'o; ma'xetoeneko. -mhonan vta. look everywhere for s.o. -mhonanho He looked everywhere for him. See: -mhn. mhonatone ?? ni ??. reed - a kind of. Usage: obsolescent. mhne- pv. over all; everywhere; everything. Ts-mhnene'th'stse He who stands as Lord over
all (that is, God). Usage: probably neologism from Petter. See: mhe-; mae-.
Mhoneohtsv'e na. Drifted Snow Woman (everywhere ??). Usage: translation uncertain. mhonma'heo'o ni. rake. See: mhenheo'o. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: mhonma'heontse. Mhnone na. Gros Ventre Indian; Gros Ventre person.Literally: scouting all over (one). tribal name as
well as a Cheyenne proper name. See: Phonene?.Pl: Mhnooneo'o.
Mhonoon'e na. Gros Ventre Woman. mht- i. move. Etymology: *ma:t-. Reduplicated: momht-. -mhtaa'e
vai. make camp. -mhtaa'e. He set up camp. Etymology: cf. *matempwi house frame (Go88). Notes (Phonology) vs vai. stake out a camping spot. -mhtne. He staked out a camping spot. Synonym: mhtenen. Etymology: *matempwehke:wa he makes a house frame (Go88). mhten.
-mhten
-mhtenen vai. stake out a camping spot, make camp. -mhtnne. He's making camp. Synonym: -mhteov vta. stake out a camping spot for s.o., make a home for s.o. -mhteovho. He make a
home for him. vai: -mhten. See: -stseov.
mhtevesttse ni. campground. mhtase na. mallard. See: hetan'e; hohth'e. -mhteh vti. stir s.t. -mhtha. She stirred it. xho'oehee'stse ma'e no'ka ohkethee-mhtoehe.
When blood is cooked just stir it (around) in one direction. [or else it will lump up. This is a saying which is similar to the English sayings "Too many cooks spoil the broth", "Let's not upset the apple cart", (from Will Rogers) "If it ain't broke, don't fix it!", or, perhaps, "There's too many chiefs, and not enough Indians". In other words, with the Cheyenne saying, if something is working, don't mess things up by trying something going in some other direction. People recognize how many good plans for projects on the reservation have gone awry through politicization, overly strong egos demanding too much personal control, etc.].
-mhteh'en
vai. 1 stir. for example, to stir soup (or paint). -mhth'ne. He's stirring. Nstsev'v'e-mhth'ne motke. Don't stir (for example, soup) with a knife! (if there is a medicine man living with you). fai: -h'en. 2 stir up trouble, sabotage. va-mhth'ne. He's up to something (stirring up trouble). See: -pe'pe'nov.
-mhtna'h vii. breezy.Literally: move-by.wind. -mhtn'ha. It's breezy. windy enough for trees to
move some. Notes (Phonology) hl See: -momhtna'h; -ha'h; -tonhta'h. Antonym: -tonhta'h.
mhtoto p. early in life; soon; right away. Usage: obsolescing. See: s'ea'e. Mhtsheonetane
na. Apache.Literally: occupied.comp-person. Variant: Motshonetane. Pl: Mhtsheonetaneo'o.
-mhtsetan vai. want to move. See: -mom'ohts. -mhtsetno He wants to move/he wants to go
forward. Diminutive: Mk'so.
Mk'e na. Little Woman. Mk'so na. Little Woman. -mkn vai. have a small face. -mkne He has a small face. Mkn'e na. Small Faced Woman. -mkeetshest vai. be weak (in muscles). See: -ta'pahe; -tshest. Antonym: -kok'ahe. -mkeetshsta
He's weak (in his muscles).
-m' vai. invite to a meal. See: -m'o'xev. -m'e. He invited (people) to a meal (or feast). -m'eo'o.
They invited (people) to a meal. vta: -m'ot.
m'e na. elk. See: mo'hno'ha; hotm'e. Etymology: *wemako:swa.Variant: mo'he. mo'eha ni. shoe; moccasin.Variant: mo'keha. Mo'h'e na. Elk Woman. See: M'kh'e; Mo'hev'e. mo'he
na. elk. For some speakers this word is singular, plural, and obviative. For others m'e is singular and a plural for some speakers is mo'heo'o. See: m'e. AltPl = mo'heo'o See: mo'hno'ha.
mo'hemxne ni. elk mint; peppermint.Variant: thtoo'mxne. mo'hemxevhpotshohpe ni. elk mint tea. Mo'henave na. Medicine Elk. See: Nhe1; Nv'e; Nvse. mo'hnxe
na. meadow hawk; chicken hawk. a white-tailed hawk that soars around close to the ground. See: honxeaso.Pl: mo'henxeo'o. Obviative: mo'henxho.
Mo'henxemhove'ho'no ni. Geary, Oklahoma.Literally: chickenhawk-town. Mo'heo'h'e loc. Elk River; Yellowstone River; Red Deer Creek. Cheyenne name for two rivers: the
Yellowstone River and a tributary (known today as Red Deer Creek) that enters the Canadian River from the south in the Texas Panhandle.Literally: elk-river.
Mo'he'he'e na. Elk River. personal name. Notes (Phonology) Note the difference in pitches between this
proper name and the name of the river.
Mo'hv'e na. Elk Woman. See: Mo'h'e; M'kh'e. mo'hevesvoesttse na. elk teeth dress. See: hoesttse. Mo'hvse na. Elk Horns. mo'hnoesvoesttse na. elk tooth dress. See: hoesttse dress. mo'hno'ha na. horse.Pl: mo'hno'hme. Obviative: mo'hno'hme. Etymology: *wemako:sw-a'0emw-a
elk-dog (Go88). Notes (Phonology) apoc This term has an interesting etymology; it derives from Algonquian 'elk' wemakoosw- plus a noun final meaning 'dog' -a'0emwa. In Cheyenne historical development the final -o'ha(m) extended to mean 'domesticated animal', today a frequent final in words having to do with 'livestock', 'cattle', but, particularly 'horse(s)'. The horse looked something like an elk, but the horse was a domesticated animal and so we might say that the literal meaning (at a late stage of etymology) for mo'hno'ha is 'domesticated elk'.
Mo'hno'ha Nontse'omaestse vai. Tame Horse. Mo'hno'ha htamehtsstse vai. Walking Horse. Mo'hno'ha hvov'haestse vai. Spotted Horse. mo'hno'hamhse
na. horsefly. Usage: loan translation from English.Variant: po'hhnoma. The original Cheyenne term is probably po'hhnoma.Pl: mo'hno'hamheseo'o. Obviative: mo'hno'hamheso. See: mo'hno'hamhso horsey (this is almost identical
phonetically).
mo'hno'ham-heseo'tse ni. horse medicine; meadowrue. mo'hno'ham-ho'eve na. horse hide. mo'hno'hammh'o ni. stable; barn.Literally: horse-house. Mo'hno'hamm'o na. Horse Road.
mo'hno'hammxne ni. horse perfume.Literally: horse-mint. a plant. Mo'hno'hamo'h'e

Laramie.
ni. Horse Creek. This is a tributary of the North Platte River below Fort
mo'hno'hamso
na. colt. Non-diminutive: mo'hno'ha.Pl: mo'hno'hamsono. Obviative: mo'hno'hamsono; Diminutive: mo'khno'hamso.
mo'hno'hamvenesttse ni. horse mask. See: nhpeeseto'hamesttse. Usage: neologism. -mo'hno'hamvo'soo'e vai. play horse. This has been used to refer to a man's entering a woman
from the rear in intercourse, i.e. in the horse style. Probably not used as a loan translation for English 'horseplay', i.e. 'fooling around'. -mo'hno'hamvo'seo'o They were playing horse (that is, he entered her from the rear position in intercourse). Usage: not commonly used. Notes
(Phonology) vs
Mo'e''e na. Grass Woman.Variant: Mo'ke''e. mo'e'- pv. pn. grass, weeds. -mo'e'm'ha. It smells like hay. See: mo''e-. m'e'e ni. hay; weed, grass (single blade). Usage: sg. rare; almost always occurs as a grammatical pl..
xamae-mo''stse blue joint grass (lit. ordinary-weeds). he'kon'stse buffalo grass (lit. hardgrass). ma''stse prairie grass (lit. red-grass). vesv'stse tall rank grass (lit. teeth-weeds). hhnv'stse thorny weeds like sandburrs. hoxo'htsv'stse grass (lit. green-weeds; possible neologism. ot'tav'stse whiteweed (gromwell; lit. white-weeds). [1987:117 (sg. occurs here as generic)] Etymology: *makyihkyiwi/makixkiwi. Notes (Phonology) iahPl: mo''stse. Medial: -'(e)
wood; tree; bush.
mo'e'hoo'he na. gunny sack. See: mo'e''hno; hoo'he. -mo'e'ma'h vii. hay smell, smell of hay. -mo'e'm'ha. It smells like hay. -mo'e'ma'xe vai. hay smell, smell of hay. -mo'e'mea'xe. He smells of hay. mo'e'mesttse na. gunny sack. See: hoo'he; ka'emesttse.Literally: grass-bag. Pl: mo'e'mstoto. Final: mesttse.
mo''stse ni. weeds, grass, hay. Usage: rare in sg.. See: hoxo'htsv'stse. Singular: m'e'e. mo'e''hno na. burlap, gunny sack cloth. See: 'hno.Literally: grass-cloth. See: 'hno. mo'e'tho'seo'o ni. hay rack. See: tho'haseo'o. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: mo'e'tho'seontse. -mo'e'eve vii. vai. weedy. Nxxae-mo'e'vmse. (they say) I was just all weedy. [1987:27] -mo'e'vsts'e vai. have grass in hair; fig. make out. -mo'e'vsts'e He has grass in his hair (can
connote having been "in the bushes making out").
mo'e'vetohko ni. basket. See: hetohko.Literally: grass-container. Pl: mo'e'vethkontse. mo'e'vetoo'o -mo'e'voest
ni. basket. See: hetohko; Oblique: mo'e'vetonhva. hetoo'o.Literally: grass-container. Pl: mo'e'vetontse.
vai. wear a Hawaiian skirt.Literally: grass-dress. -mo'e'vsta. She's wearing a Hawaiian skirt.
Mo'e'voesthe na. Hawaiian person. See: hoesttse.Literally: grass-dressed one. Pl: Mo'e'voestheo'o. mo'e'vhkha'e ni. straw hat. See: hhkha'e. mo''ha
na. 1 magpie. Mo'e'hhne ohkenomhtseo'o. Magpies steal.Pl: mo'e'hhne. Obviative: mo'e'hhne. Etymology: *ma:ski'leewa (Pe79); cf. Ar woo'h'ei (Go90:10). 2 Magpie.
Mo''ha Ma'ethtse vai. Red Magpie. Mo''ha Nstoohe na. Whistling Magpie. Mo''ha htamehtsstse vai. Traveling Magpie. Mo'e'hso na. Little Magpie. Mo'e'hv'e na. Magpie Woman. Mo'e'hvto na. Magpie Tailfeather. See: voto.
Mo'e'hevoton'e na. Magpie Tailfeathers Woman. See: voto. Mo'e'hahke na. 1 old magpie.
2 Old Magpie.
Mo'e'hhkso na. Little Magpie. Mo'e'hne Oxhestxese vai. Many Magpies. John Heap of Birds of Oklahoma had this Indian name,
and it may be that Heap of Birds was the tribal roll translation of this Cheyenne name.
Mo'e'k'e na. Grass Woman. Mo'em'hn'e na. Elk Appears Woman. See: Mo'hm'hn'e. -mo'enen'e vai. sew beautifully. -mo'enen'e. She is sewing beautifully. See: -hahpen'e. -mo'enenno'e
vii. beautiful in appearance. -mo'enno'e It's beautiful. Final: -nno'e. Notes (Phonology) vs vai: -mo'onahe.
-mo'enenohe vai. beautiful in appearance, look beautiful. esp. the way one is dressed; cf. -mo'onahe
which esp. refers to facial features. -mo'enenohe. He's dressed handsomely / She looks beautiful. See: -mo'onahe beautiful.
M'enstoohe na. Whistling Elk. Mo'enstoohe na. Whistling Elk.Variant: Mo'onstoohe. -mo'enohe vai. be lucky; have good fortune. for example, this was typically said of warriors who had
good success on a war journey. -mo'enohe He is lucky/he met with good fortune. tse-mo'enohe so that he will meet with good fortune. nstse-mo'enhme You (pl) have done your part and you will get your reward/honor.
Mo'ohvsvhtse vta. Goes With Elk. M'ese na. Elk Hooves. m's'e
na. 1 calf. Diminutive: m'ks'e. less commonly used than m'ks'e. See: mnkhso. Etymology: cf. *mahkwehsehsa vs. maxkwehsehsa. 2 Calf. At one time there were a number of men who had the name M's'e; to distinguish
them people added a descriptive prenoun, intended to describe something about each man. Some of these names are in this entry. Mo'hte-m's'e Black Calf. Mth-m's'e Peyote Calf. Heoh-m's'e Fast Runner Calf. the same man (Heoh-m's'e) was sometimes called: Hohnhka-m's'e Contrary Calf. Ho'shtsen-m's'e Slobbering Calf. Ove-m's'e Scabby Calf.
mo'ko1 na. finger; toe. Homonym: mo'ko2 ring.Pl: mo'kono. Obviative: mo'kono. See: -(hk)os. mo'ko2 ni. ring. Homonym: mo'ko1 finger.Pl: mo'kontse. Mo'kne na. Fingers. Mo'et'e na. (woman's name).Variant: Mo'ot'e. mo'keha
ni. shoe; moccasin.Pl: mo'khantse. he-mo'khannvo on their moccasin (1987:214). hemo'khannevtse their moccasins (1987:310).Variant: mo'eha. Usage: mo'eha is less commonly used. Final: -o'keha. See: tshsto'keha. Etymology: *maxkeseni.
M'kh'e na. Elk Woman. See: Mo'h'e. -mo'khanan vai. make moccasins. -mo'khanne. He is making moccasins. mo'khananhe na. shoemaker; cobbler. mo'khantse ni. shoes; moccasins. Singular: mo'keha. Na-mo'khantse he'kovnstse. My shoes are
wet.
Mo'khem'hne na. Young Elk Appearing. M'khemn'e na. Elk Road Woman. Mo'khenmo'eehe na. Little Braided Elk. See: -nmo'eehe. Mo'khso na. Little Elk. a woman's name. See: Mo'h'e.
-mo'kheve vai. vii. be stone; painted; ivory; plastic. -mo'kheve. It is stone/it is painted/it is like
marble (for example, pearl or enamel cup).
mo'khno'hamso
na. colt. dim. (doubly marked with -k and /-esn/) See: mo'hno'hamso.Pl: mo'khno'hamsono. Obviative: mo'khno'hamsono.
of mo'hno'ha.
Mo'ke''e na. Grass Woman.Variant: Mo'e''e. m'ks'e 1

na. calf. Non-diminutive: m's'e.Pl: m'ksa'eho. Obviative: m'ksa'eho. See: mnkhso; m'ksa'hso; vestae'kso. Etymology: cf. *mahkwehsehsa vs. maxkwehsehsa. 2 na. Calf.
M'ks'e hnstooestse na. Bawling Calf. M'ks'e htamehtsstse vai. Calf Walking. M'ks'e htoh'stse vai. Rising Calf. M'ks'e htsvo'soo'stse vai. Playing Calf. M'ks'e hv'komaestse vai. White Calf. m'ksa'hso
na. little calf. Obviative: m'ksa'hesono.
dim.
of
m'ks'e.
See: mnkhso.Pl: m'ksa'hesono.
m'ksa'ho'vohktse ni. veal.Literally: calf-meat. M'ksa'kso na. Little Calf. a woman's name. See: sevona'kso. M'ks'htamhnstse vai. Calf Walking. m'ksstse na. boy. endearing term. Holliman Spelling: mok soi ss zi. Usage: od. See: ka'kso; ketaehe. Mo'khta'e na. 1 wild turnip; Indian turnip (that is, prairie turnip or breadroot). Notes (Phonology)
iahVariant: mo'hta'e. Pl: mo'kht'ne. Obviative: mo'kht'ne. mo'kht'no turnips (variant). 2 Indian Turnip.
mo'kht'ne na. Indian turnips, wild turnips, turnips. Singular: mo'khta'e.Variant: mo'kht'no. mo'(k)oht(v)- i. black. -mo'khtvahe vai. black. -mo'khtvahe. He is black.Variant: -mo'htvahe. -mo'khtvea'e vii. be blackish in color. -mo'khtvea'e It is blackish in color. -mo'khtveata vai. be blackish in color. -mo'khtveata He is blackish in color. -mo'khtvhev
vii. brown. -mo'khtvhevo. It is brown.Literally: blackish yellow . -hev 'yellow' probably originally included hue toward brown ; There is much debate among Cheyenne over words for brown.Variant: -mo'htvhev. See: -mskan. ni. coffee.Literally: black-broth. Variant: mo'htvhohpe. Usage: less commonly used than mo'htvhohpe.
mo'khtvhohpe
-mo'khtvn vta. paint black face of s.o. esp. for the Sun Dance -mo'khtvnho. He painted his
face black.
Mo'khtvn'e na. Black Painted Face Woman. -mo'khtvsan vai. dress black. -mo'khtvsne. He's dressed in black clothing. fai: -san2. -mo'khtvsts'e vai. have black hair. -mo'khtvsts'e. He has black hair. Final: -hts. Notes
(Phonology) vs See: -mo'htvovs.
-mo'khtv vii. be black. -mo'khtvo. It is black. Etymology: *maxkate:we:wi.Variant: -mo'htv. Mo'khtvo'ha na. Black Horse. -mo'khtvoneehe vai. black ropelike. -mo'khtvoneehe. He (ropelike) is black / the wire is black.
Medial: -n.
-mo'khtvov vai. have black hide. -mo'khtvva. He has black hide.Variant: -mo'htvov. -mo'khtvxe'stn vai. write in black. -mo'khtvxe'stne. He's writing in black. for instance,
to write using black ink.
m'khtse ?? ni. stick to make an arrow ?? See: mo'xhtse arrowhead. -mo'kona' vai. dive with wings closed. -mo'kon'o He (esp. bird) dove with wings closed. [1987:246] mo'hkon- i. dry hard. -mo'hknse vai. dry hard hanging. -mo'hknse. He dried up hanging. -mo'hkonh'ta vii. parched. -mo'hkonh'ta. It is parched. [pd795] -mo'hkona'he vai. dry hard. -mo'hkona'he. He dried up. -mo'hkona' vii. dried up. -mo'hkon'o. It's dried up. -mo'hkna't vii. dried hard.Literally: dry-hard. -mo'hkn'ta It (for example, bread) is dried hard. mo'hkonavekhkonheo'o
ni. cracker. Usage: md.Pl: mo'hkonavekhkonheontse. Literally: hard.dried-breads. See: thkonavekhkonheo'o cracker (Okla. dialect).
[There is a story of the greedy ve'ho'e who wanted power to have a pointed leg to kill deer; he dried up hanging in a tree.]
mo'hkonave-khkonheontse hard tack pieces. M'hma'aestse vai. Red Elk. Grover Wolfvoice. Mo'hm'hn'e na. Elk Appears Woman. See: Mo'em'hn'e. Mo'hm'hn'e na. Elk Appears Woman. M'hnha'v'stse vai. Elk Stands With Wife. origin of family name Elkshoulder. M'hn'stse vai. Standing Elk. M'hno'kaestse vai. Lone Elk. M'hno'ke'e na. Elk Stands Alone. M'hno'ke'stse vai. Elk Stands Alone. M'hnot'e na. Bull Elk; Elk Bull. mo'hteheseo'tse ni. 1 bitter root.Literally: black-medicine. Variant: mo'htv-heseo'tse ??.
2 Black Medicine.
mo'htehohththheva'kehesttse
of Sun Dance equipment.
na. black scarf.Pl: mo'htehohththheva'kehstoto. part
mo'hteh'nehe na. black wolf. Mo'htekhmxe ni. place down south where peyote is gathered.Literally: black-stick. mo'hte-khkonheo'o ni. brown bread. i.e. whole wheat bread.Literally: black-bread. mo'htemhoo'o na. Hubbard squash.Literally: black-squash. See: mhoo'o. mo'htema'kaata ni. nickel (coin).Literally: black-money. mo'htema'xemeno na. prunes.Literally: black-big.berries. Variant: mo'htema'xementse. mo'htema'xementse ni. prunes.Literally: black-big.berries. Variant: mo'htema'xemeno. mo'htemhne ni. water moccasin.Literally: black-serpent. Holliman Spelling: moo da mene. Usage: od. mo'htem'emhne na. black caterpillar; furry worm. Mo'htem's'e na. Black Calf. a nickname for one of several men named M's'e. Mo'htenhkohe na. Black Bear. Mo'htenhkhso na. Little Black Bear. Mo'hten'atshe'e na. Black -- ?? man's name. mo'htenanse'hame na. black panther.Pl: mo'htenan's'hme. Obviative: mo'htenan's'hme. Mo'htephpe'e na. Black Shaggy. probably an animal, esp. horse name. mo'htevn'stse
See: vn'stse. ni. black sage; ragweed. used for bowel cramps and to stop bloody stools.
Mo'htevtsva na. Black Deer.
mo'htev'ho''e1 na. Negro woman, black woman.Literally: black-ve'ho'a'e. Pl: mo'htev'ho''eo'o.

Homonym: mo'htev'ho''e black widow spider.
mo'htev'ho''e2
na. black widow spider. Usage: loan transl. There is some question as to the appropriateness of this Ch. term; the 'widow' part of the English term may cause some people to form the Cheyenne term this way which seems to limit the spider to being only a female; a more appropriate term may be mo'htev'ho'e..Pl: mo'htev'ho''eo'o. Obviative: mo'htev'ho'a'o; Homonym: mo'htev'ho''e1 black woman. na. African-American, black person, Negro.Literally: black-ve'ho'e. Pl: mo'htev'h'e. Obviative: mo'htev'h'e. Cheyennes often point out that this term is
mo'htev'ho'e1
literally humorous, because, to them the word ve'ho'e primarily "means" 'whiteman', so they would give the literal meaning of this term as 'black-whiteman' which sounds like a contradiction in terms. However, see discussion under the entry ve'ho'e.
mo'htev'ho'e2 na. black spider.Pl: mo'htev'h'e. Obviative: mo'htev'h'e. -mo'htev'ho'vstnne

vai. dress as an African-American. esp. to dress in a fooboo. mo'htev'ho'vstnne. He is dressed in a fooboo. fai: -san2.
mo'htev'ho'k'kso na. black girl, African-American girl. mo'htev'ho'kso na. black boy, African-American boy. -mo'htvn vta. darken s.o.'s face. for example, for Halloween. -mo'htvnnho. He darkened
his face. See: -mo'htvxe'n.
mo'hte-vkee'hementse ni. black raspberries. -mo'htevo'eve vii. black clouds. -mo'htevo'eve. there are black (for example, storm) clouds. -mo'htexamanov vai. have a dark hide. -mo'htexamanva. He has a dark hide. mo'hta'e na. Indian turnip; prairie turnip; breadroot; turnip. Notes (Phonology) iahVariant: mo'khta'e.
Pl: mo'ht'ne. Obviative: mo'ht'ne.
Mo'htamehtsstse vai. Walking Elk. -mo'htvh'en vai. make coffee.Literally: black-cook. N-mo'htvh'ne. I'm making coffee. fai: ah'en.
mo'htvh''o ni. percolater.Literally: black-cooking-thing. See: mo'htvhohpe. Usage: neologism. -mo'htvahe vai. be black. -mo'htvahe He is black. ts-mo'htvaestseVariant: -mo'khtvahe. mo'htvho'eo'o ni. coffee pot. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: mo'htvho'eontse. -mo'htvho'h vti. blacken s.t. by heat, dye hair of s.o. black. -mo'htvh'ha heme'ko. She dyed
her hair (black).
-mo'htvho'he
vai. be sunburned; be burned black, be darkened from the sun. xamaemo'htvho'hhoo'o She's just burned black. (Croft 1988:30:23). -mo'htvho'he. He is sunburned.Literally: black-by.sun/heat.
-mo'htvho't vii. burned black. -mo'htvh'ta. It is burned black. (for instance, where a prairie
fire burned). Mentse -mo'htvh'tnstse. The chokecherries are ripe. (lit. blackby.sun's.heat). sa'e-mo'htvho'thanehtse. They are not ripe yet.
-mo'htvsome vai. dark stool, black stool. -mo'htvsome. He had a dark stool. fai: -asome. -mo'htvatov vii. black smoke issue. -mo'htvatva It is black smoke. mo'htve- pv. black. Mo'htveanohe na. Black Hawk. -mo'htvea'e
vii. dark in texture. -mo'htvea'e. It is dark in color. mo'htvea'enettse. There are bags under his eyes. (lit. his eyes are dark). He'xnstse -
mo'htveamke ni. oil. See: amke tsmo'htvoome. -mo'htvestse'hen vai. black shirt - wear a. See: stse'he. -mo'htvestse'hna He has on a black
shirt.
mo'htvhhnoma na. black bluish wasp.
Mo'htvhahttane na. Blackfeet Indian, Blackfoot Indian. They are called Blackfeet in Canada
and Blackfoot the U.s.Literally: black-footed-person. Pl: Mo'htvhahttaneo'o. Medial: -haht foot.
-mo'htvhev vii. brown. -mo'htvhevo. It is brown.Literally: blackish-yellow. -hev 'yellow'

probably originally included hue toward brown ; There is much debate among Cheyenne over words for brown.Variant: -mo'khtvhev. See: -mskan; -nono.
mo'htvheseo'tse ni. purple cone flower.Literally: black medicine. Mo'htvhetane na. Ute.Literally: black-man. Pl: Mo'htvhetaneo'o. mo'htvhohpe
ni. coffee.Literally: black-broth. Usage: more commonly mo'khtvhohpe.Variant: mo'khtvhohpe. See: mo'htvh''o.
used
than
-mo'htve'xan vai. have black eye(s). would refer to eye color, but is also a loan transl. referring
to having a "shiner" (black eye); the traditionally more natural term for the latter is hohk'se'xan (lit. purple-eyed). -mo'htve'xne He has a black eye.
mo'htve'ohko na. black pipe. -mo'htvn vai. have a dark face; have a black face. -mo'htvne. He has a black/dark face. Mo'htvnhe na. Black Face. a horse name. Mo'htvn'e na. Black Faced Woman. -mo'htvenohe vai. look dark. -mo'htvenohe. He looks dark. -mo'htvenohee'e vai. sit looking black. refers to how one looks from a distance; this could refer to
a person whose silhouette shows up from a distance. -mo'htvenohee'e. He's sitting looking black.
-mo'htvenotov vai. Medial: -notov.have a black neck. -mo'htvenotva He has a black neck. -mo'htveht vai. have black leg(s). -mo'htvehta He has black legs.Variant: -mo'htvkht.
Medial: -ht.
Mo'htve'senhe na. Black Whetstone. Mo'htve'khme na. Black Coyote. Mo'htvenone na. Black Ree.Variant: Mo'htenone. -mo'htveotse vai. vii. darken, blacken, eclipse. -mo'htveotse. He (for example, sun) is eclipsed
(lit. blackened). to'se-mo'htveotse e'he. The moon is going to eclipse.
-mo'htvsan vai. dressed in black. -mo'htvsne. He is dressed in black. See: -mo'htvoest. mo'htv'hno na. black cloth. mo'htvenva'hse
na. sagehen; grouse.Literally: black-chested-prairie.chicken. Variant: mo'htvenva'hso. See: v'hse.Pl: mo'htvenva'haseo'o. Obviative: mo'htvenva'hasho; Medial: -en. ni. sagehen dance. what sagehens do; not an Indian
mo'htvenva'hasvhom'hesttse
dance.
mo'htvenva'hso
na. sagehen; grouse.Literally: black-chested-prairie.chicken. Variant: mo'htvenva'hse. Pl: mo'htvenva'haseo'o. Obviative: mo'htvenva'hasho; Medial: -en. See: v'hse; v'hso; v'khso.
-mo'htvkht vai. have black legs. -mo'htvkhta He has black legs.Variant: -mo'htveht. -mo'htvetan vai. be in a black mood, be horny (sexy). See: -mo'htvo'ethtan; -anovetan; havsvetan. -mo'htvetno He's in a "black"/ugly mood (that is, feeling bad). Usage: slang.
mo'htvetoo'o 1 ni. cast iron pot.Literally: black kettle.

2 na. Black Kettle.
-mo'htv vii. be black. -mo'htvo. It's black.Variant: -mo'khtv. -mo'htvoa'o'e vii. tarnished, blacken. ohke-mo'htvoa'o'e. It (for example, an old nickel) tarnishes. -mo'htvoest vai. wear a black dress. -mo'htvsta. She is wearing a black dress.
Mo'htvst'e
na. 1 nun. Pl: Mo'htvoest'eo'o. fai: -oest.
See: hotxa-e'estaahe.Literally: black-dressed-woman.
2 Black Dressed Woman. an Indian name.
Mo'htvoest'no ni. Catholic church. Mo'htvoest'no ho'xstheo'o They are Catholics (lit. they
belong to the black-dressed group).Literally: black-dressed-place.
Mo'htvheomne na. 1 black lodge person; Lame Deer person. The people of the Lame Deer,
Montana, reservation district were called Black Lodge people. Pl: Mo'htvheomeneho. 2 Black Lodge Man.
Mo'htvheomenno ni. Lame Deer district; Black Lodge place. See: mave'ho'eno.Literally: blacklodge-place.
Mo'htvheomentane
See: Mo'htvheomne.
na.
Lame
Deer
person.Pl: Mo'htvheomentaneo'o.
-mo'htvhtheve vai. vii. dark color. not a solid color. -mo'htvhtheve. It is darkish in color. -mo'htvo'etahe vai. do something sexy.Literally: black-do. -mo'htvo'etahe. He did something
sexy.
-mo'htvo'ethtan
vai. be horny (that is, desirous of sex). See: -mo'htvetan. mo'htvo'ethtno He's horny.Literally: black-act-mood. Final: -o'etahe.
-mo'htvo'ev vai. Medial: -o'ev.have dark skin. -mo'htvo'va his skin is dark/black. Mo'htvo'ha na. Black Horse. mo'htvo'hame na. black horse.Pl: mo'htvo'hme. Obviative: mo'htvo'hme. Mo'htvo'honemhove'ho'no
See: Heohmahpe. ni.
Rapid
City,
South
Dakota.Literally: Black.Hills-city.
Mo'htvo'honva obl. Black Hills.Literally: black-rock-LOC. Mo'htvo'nehe na. Black Wolf; Wolfblack; Blackwolf. This name has been translated into English
each of these three ways.
-mo'htvo't vii. sit black. -mo'htvo't. It's sitting there black. -mo'htvo'xhtahe vai. wear black paints. -mo'htvo'xhtahe. He's wearing black pants. -mo'htvoma'ene vii. black clay - be. used in Sun Dance lodge. -mo'htvoma'ene it's black clay
(color)--2 poles ??
Mo'htvoohvhtse vai. Black Nails, Blackshield. See: Vhpoohvtse. BodyPartMedial: -oohev. mo'htvoome-amke ni. oil.Literally: black-liquid-grease. M'htvnstse vai. Starving Elk. -mo'htvoot'eve vii. be black handled gun. -mo'htvoot'eve. (The gun) has a black handle. -'. -mo'htvov vii. black hide - have. -mo'htvva He is a black horse.Variant: -mo'khtvov. -mo'htvovs vai. have black hair. -mo'htvovse. He has black hair. Medial: -ovs. -mo'htvxe' vai. black painted. -mo'htvx'e. He is painted black. -mo'htvxe'n
vta. paint s.o. black; darken s.o., blacken face of s.o. tsmhaev'emo'htvxe'nhtsesse with which he had darkened his (own) face. [1987:270] BodyPartMedial: -n.
M'htsmh'e na. Elk Woman. exact translation uncertain. -mo'htsne vai. black painted face. -mo'htsne. He has black paint on his face. See: -mo'htsnne; mxe'n; -mxe'nn; -mo'htvn.
-mo'htsnn vai. paint faces black. esp. refers to when a soldier has returned from combat and
he/she paints people who come through the line at his/her victory dance ?? ceremony ?? mo'htsnne. He is putting black paint on faces. See: -mxe'n; -mxe'nn; -mo'htvn.
M'htsvhtoestse vai. Whistling Around Elk. See: M'e nstoohe.
M'hvov'haestse vai. Spotted Elk. mo''- i. rough; coarse. mo''epv. rough; coarse. tema'xe-mo''etooxenne. She sang a real low alto. mo''xoe'hahe; mo'e'-. vai. have a scratchy throat. BodyPartMedial: -stoon. See: -'eeston. -mo''estona.
[1987:150]
See: -
-mo''estoon
He has a scratchy throat.
-mo''haht vai. calloused feet - rough; rough feet - have. It is believed that people will get calloused
feet from going barefoot. -mo''hhta. He has calloused feet. BodyPartMedial: -haht.
-mo''e'hahe
vai. husky voice. -mo''e'hahe. He has a husky voice.Variant: -mo''xoe'hahe. See: hoxe'hahe hoarse voice.
-mo''ovs vai. coarse hair - have. -mo''ovse. He has coarse hair. BodyPartMedial: -ovs. -mo''xahe vai. coarse, rough, tough. -mo''xahe. He's rough/tough. See: -mo''xonahe. -mo''x vii. rough; tough; coarse; chapped. -mo''xo. It's coarse (texture like sandpaper). -mo''xoe'hahe vai. have a hoarse voice, have a rough voice, have laryngitis. -mo''xoe'hahe. He has
a hoarse voice (for example, with a cold)/he has a rough and tough voice ?".Variant: mo''e'hahe. Medial: -e'hahe. See: mo''e-; -vhpe'hahe; -hoxe'hahe.
-mo''xonahe vai. rough; coarse; tough. -mo''xonahe. He's tough/rough. See: -mo''xahe. -mo''xoneta vai. strong; flinty. -mo''xoneta. He is flinty/he is strong. vii: -mo''xon. -mo''xon vii. tough; rough. for example, life's circumstances. -mo''xno. It's tough/rough. vai: mo''xoneta.
mo'omstaso ni. reeds ?? mo'on- i. beautiful. -mo'onahe vai. beautiful; pretty. Mostly of females, although some speakers use this word for males.
-mo'onahe. She is beautiful. vii: -mo'na'e; Reduplicated: -mom'onahe. mo'enenohe appear beautiful; -phvahe good; handsome; -ono'ahe handsome. See: -
-mo'na'e vii. pretty, beautiful. Notes (Phonology) iah -mo'na'e. It is beautiful. sa-mo'ona'hane. It
is not beautiful. -mo'ona'etse. It (obv) is beautiful. vai: -mo'onahe.
-mo'ontamaahe
vai. be pretty; beautiful; handsome. -mo'ontamaahe He is beautiful (in
appearance ?).
-mo'onavn vai. beautiful face. -mo'onahe. He (or she) has a beautiful face. -mo'onenon vai. sing beautifully. -mo'onenne. He sang beautifully. -mo'onenohe vai. look beautiful, beautiful look. -mo'onenohe. She looked beautiful. -mo'onnoo'e vai. sit pretty, sit in a good shady place. -mo'onnoo'e. She is sitting pretty. Mo'onstoohe na. Whistling Elk.Variant: Mo'enstoohe. -mo'onvone vii. beautiful sound. -mo'onvone. It sounds beautiful. -mo'onhtheve vai. vii. have pretty; beautiful coloration. See: -htheve. -mo'onhtheve He (or it) is
beautifully colored.
-mo'ono't vii. sit beautiful. for example, of a butte, tepee, or house. -mo'on'ta. It is sitting there
beautiful. See: -phvo't.
-mo'onnoo'e vai. sit looking pretty. -mo'onnoo'e. She is sitting looking pretty. See: -mo'onnoo'e. -m'oo'xev vai. announce inviting to a feast. -m'oo'xva. He announced inviting (people) to a feast.
See: -m' invite to feat; -ho'xev announce.
-m'ot vta. invite s.o. to a meal. N-m'ottse. I invite you to a meal. -m'tho. He invited him to a
feast. Nsta-m'otoneo'o. We will invite them to a feast. N-m'oxe You invited me to a feast. -m'ohe. He was invited to a feast. vai: -m'.
Mo'ot'e na. (woman's name).Variant: Mo'et'e.
-mo'otse
[1987:265]
vii. vai. move. -mo'otse. He/it moved. ?? ssa-mo'otshesstse. He didn't move (attrib.). Reduplicated: -mom'otse.
mo'otsenhkohe na. brown bear ?? Mo'xhahketa na. Little Elk. M'sh'e na. (name) (scabby faced man?). m'sohko
ni. small flint stone; metal point of arrow today.Pl: mho'shkontse ??. See: -mo''xoneta; mo'xhtse.
flint.
Usage: not
well
known
-m'soonkoneve vii. have a metal point. for example, of an arrow. -m'soonkoneve It has a metal
point. [JS 7/89]
mo'xhtse ni. arrowhead. traditionally made of flint. Usage: nearly unknown today.Pl: mo'xhtsstse ??.
[jg mo'xhtse; js mo'xhtse] Oblique: m'xhtsva. an elder says this can be for either a metal or flint arrowhead. See: m'sohko ??; m'khtse ??. Etymology: ma'0a0wa:pe0kwa flint (raw material) (Pe79:333); cf. Sh mo'0alwi.
AltPl = mo'xhtsehtse ??
-m'xhtseve vii. be; have an arrowhead. -m'xhtseve It is an arrowhead. one elder says this means
it has a (metal or flint) point (esp. of an arrowhead.
-momhpe'han vai. watery eyes. -momhpe'hane. He has watery eyes. Notes (Phonology) redup -momhpe'hanohts vai. watery eyed, running eyes. -momhpe'hanhtse. He has watery eyes.
(for example, from an allergy or cold). Notes (Phonology) redup
-momhpe'haneotse vai. eyes become watery quickly. -momhpe'haneotse. He has a watery eyes.
eshvo n-momhpe'haneotse. Right at the time (of sighting down the barrel of the gun at
the deer) my (sighting) eye watered! (told to illustrate how deer have special powers; they can even cause hunters' eyes to water). BodyPartMedial: -han.
-momhpe'o' momhth-
vai. have watery eyes. for example, eyesight be blurred because of tears. momhpe''o He has watery eyes. pv. ceremonial. -momhthvo'stanheve He lives a ceremonial life (practices the traditional ceremonies). See: -momhtvan ??. vai. be traditional at religion; be a medicine man; follow medicine man ways. momhtahe He is traditional at religion/he is religious (in a traditional way).
-momhtahe
-momhthestse vai. chant as a medicine man; talk in a religious chant. -momhth-estse. He

medicine man-chanted. [1987:238]Literally: shaman-speak ??. See: -estse.
momhthtane
na. medicine man. Notes (Phonology) redup ?? Usage: obsolescing.Pl: momhthtaneo'o. See: momhth-; ovve-. Etymology: cf. *mete:wa
shaman; mama:ntaw strange, wonderful (redup.)' (Pe79).
-momhthv'an na. speak a ceremonial word; speak as a medicine man. -momhthv'ne. He

spoke a ceremonial word/he spoke in a traditional religious way. -momhthvo'anstove. It is a sacred (or ceremonial) word. fai: -'an. See: -ma'hen'an.
-momhthvo'etahe vai. do a (traditional) ceremony. -momhthvo'etahe He did a traditional

ceremony. tshse-momhthvo'ethesttse a Cheyenne ceremony/rite/ritual/worship. [PD1119] Usage: obsolescent.
-momhthvo'stanheve vai. be a ceremonial religious person. -momhthvo'stanheve He's a

ceremonial person.Literally: ceremonially-live.
-mom'an vti. vta. redden s.t./s.o. h't'-mom'anmo neme'ko whenever I redden your hair (1987:252).
Notes (Phonology) redup
-mom'e'stvose vai. red ears from the cold. -mom'e'stvose. His ears are red from the cold. Notes
(Phonology) redup
-mom'e'xan vai. have red eyes; have bloodshot eyes. -mom'e'xne. He has red/bloodshot eyes.
Notes (Phonology) redup BodyPartMedial: -'xan.
-mom'enohe vai. chief of police. This verb was previously used about the chief of police because he
had a red stripe on his trousers. More recently, the chief of police is called vhonemataneve'ho'e (lit. chief-policeman). -mom'enohe. He's the chief of police. ts-
mom'enoestse the one (for example, something made of cloth, animate) which is sewn in red. Notes (Phonology) redup See: vhonemataneve'ho'e; -ma'.
-mom'ehtavose vai. have red legs from the cold. -mom'ehtavose. his legs are red from the cold.
BodyPartMedial: -ht. See: -n'tose.
-mom'khtavose vai. have red legs from the cold. -mom'khtavose his legs are red from the
cold.
-mom'evo'tansvose vai. have red cheeks from the cold. -mom'evo'tansvose He has red cheeks
from the cold.
-mma'haa'e'xan vai. have big eyes. -mma'haa'e'xne He has big eyes. Notes (Phonology) redup mma'haeta p. big ones. (for example, older people). Antonym: hahketa. -mma'hae-tto'
1988:16:28).
vai. open eyes wide. Mma'haett'htse! Open your eyes wide! (Croft
-mom'koeotse vai. have red eyes. tsv'tttoeotsstse tse-mom'koeotse whoever opens hjis eyes will
have red eyes (1987:363).
-mom'k'n vai. 1 have red eyes; have pink eye. -mom'k'ne. He has red eyes; he has pink eye.
Medial: -n. 2 red eyes from crying because boyfriend got married to someone else. Usage: fig..
-mom' vii. be red. only of pl. subjects. -mom'nstse vhpottse the leaves are red (for example, in
the fall). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -ma'.
-mom'oesaaoe
vai. be red sharp and thorny. not used with sg. subjects. heneno 'hkxae'emom'oesaaoeo'o the rose (bushes) would be red-sharp and thorny (1987:255).
mom'o'as red flames. -mom'o'se. The flames were red. -mom'o's'hasen vai. burn with red sparks. he-mom'o's'hasne. He's making sparks come out
of his chimney.
-mom'oma'o'e vii. be red earth. tsh-mom'oma'o'e where the earth is red (1987:245). -mom'thtv
vai. sell everything. -mom'thtva. He sold everything. Non-reduplicated: m'thtv. Notes (Phonology) redup See: -hohtv. v'kseho big birds (1987:314). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: ma'xe-.
mma'xe- pv. big. 'hke-mma'xevshehenovhe They would did a big hole (1987:314). mma'xemma'xhhkotaho na. big grasshoppers. Mma'xhahthe na. Big Foot. Notes (Phonology) redup Mma'xstaem'hhe na. Has Large Head Lice Woman. mma'xstoto'e na. mountain pine. refers to a large variety of pine trees. See: stoto'e. -mommt
vii. snow big snowflakes. See: -ho't snow. -mommto. It's snowing big snowflakes. Non-reduplicated: mme-. Notes (Phonology) redup
-momme'est vai. have big ears. -momme'sta. He has big ears. Notes (Phonology) redup -mommsev vai. have big calves (of legs). -mommsva He has big calves. Notes (Phonology) redup
Medial: -sev.
-mommevo'tanos vai. have big cheeks. -mommevo'tanse He has big cheeks. Notes (Phonology)
redup
-mommoee vai. lie with eyes open. -momme. He is lying (for example, on ground) with his
eyes open. Notes (Phonology) redup See: -tte.
-mommonen vai. have big teeth. -mommonne He has big teeth. Notes (Phonology) redup Medial: onen.
-mommotse vai. stuff mouth; have cheeks full of food. Usage: often humorous. -mommotse. His
cheeks are full of food; he stuffed his mouth full.
momta'- i. mean; angry. N-momta'v'hooma He looked at me with anger.
-momta'a'ham vta. shake s.o. angrily, angrily shake s.o. -momta'a'hamho. He shook him angrily.
fta: -a'ham.Literally: angrily-throw.
-momta'no'xe
vai. Final: -no'xe.be angry from lack of sleep. -momta'no'xe ano'? He's angry/mean from lack of sleep. Final: -ase'e.
-momta'e'e vai. be mean from drinking. -momta'e'e He is mean from drinking. [1987:60] -momta'tam
vta. regard as mean. -momta'tamho He regards him as mean. N=ts(m)omta'atamhtsese those who felt mean (1987:58). hestha'tov.
-momta'eeh vta. angry at s.o., mean to s.o. -momta'eehho. He is angry at him. See: -nstam; -momta'ehe vai. angry; mean. of a human or an animal, for example, a dog. -momta'ehe. He is
angry/mean. Contracted: -omta'ehe.
-momta'h'e vai. stand mean, angrily stand, stand angry. -momta'h'e. He's standing there
mean. fai: -.
-momta'e'hahe
vai. Final: -e'hahe.have a mean voice, have an angry voice, talk angrily. momta'e'hahe. He hollered in anger/he has a mean voice.
-momta'e'hahtsstov vta. holler at s.o. while angry. -momta'e'hahtsstovho He hollered at him

in anger.
-momta'em vta. talk mean to s.o. -momta'emho. He talked mean to him. -momta'n vai. have a mean looking face. -momta'ne. He has a mean-looking face. Medial: -n. -momta'enestse vai. talk angrily, angrily talk. -momta'enestse. He talked angrily. fai: -nestse. momta'noottse ni. braveheart songs. esp. sung to embolden warriors for battle. -momta'eotse vai. become angry. said to be more of an adult emotion, whereas -hesth is more for
children. -momta'eotse. He became angry. See: -hesth; -hansenove; -nmhkha'otse.
-momta'tan -momta'vam
vai. feel angry. -momta'etno. He wants to get angry. tsmhae'eheemomta'tanto xaehov'hne The way I had felt angry was just gone (BERTHA.TXT). vta. anger s.o. while speaking. for example, when someone is drunk. momta'vamahtse. He's getting himself angry as he talks.
-momta'hon vai. sign mean. -momta'hne. He's making mean signs. fai: -ohon. -momta'o'etahe
vai. do something angrily, angrily do something. -momta'o'etahe. He did something angrily.
-momta'noo'e vai. mean face while sitting, sit with mean face. -momta'noo'e. He's making a
mean face while sitting.
-momta'nov vai. angrily talk, talk angrily. -momta'nva. He's talking angrily. -momta'novotse vai. speak disgusted. -momta'novotse. He was speaking in a disgusted way. -momxan vti. vta. stroke; repeatedly touch s.t./s.o.; touch all over. Notes (Phonology) redup Can refer to
sexual stroking of s.o., therefore this is probably not the best term to use for the concept of 'bless'. See: -mxa'ov. -momxna He touched it (repeatedly or all over)/he petted it. momxanho He touched him/he blessed him. -momxn'e Ma'heneva He was blessed by God. -momxanhtseo'o They (for example, husband and wife) are stroking each other. Nonreduplicated: -mxan.
-momxaneoneve
vai. be untouchable. See: -vovhponahe. saxae-momxaneonvhe He is untouchable (for example, you can't even walk on his floor, he's so impeccable). momxhho. He got him in trouble. -momxhahtse. He brought it on himself. Nmomxemeno You are punishing us. Contracted: -omxeh.
-momxeh vta. get s.o. in trouble, cause calamity for s.o. See: -momxem; -omx; -momxeseh. -
-momxem vta. turn in s.o.; tell on s.o.; complain about s.o. See: -m'em; -totxem; -hsem; -ho''et. momxemho. He told on him/he complained about him. Ns'h-momxmo. I'm turning him in to the law/police/judge/agency (lit., I-into(agency)-INTENT-punish-DIR). astomemomxemho He turned him in for nothing/falsely (for example, he didn't do anything wrong;
could be used of betrayal, as of Judas' betrayal of Jesus). [1987:182] Notes (Phonology) The first m
often is elided, yielding -omxem
-momxeoesem vta. tell on; give a bad report on s.o. -momxeoesemho He gave a bad report on him.
[1987:258]
-momxstanev vai. complain. -momxstanva. He is complaining. vta: -momxem. -momxomahe vai. slow; deliberate. -momxomahe. He is slow. See: -nvahe; -snomahe; -pop'ahe. momxome- pv. i. deliberately, ponderingly, musingly, slowly. ohke-momxomenestse He talks slowly
(for example, when he talks Ch. he talks slowly and deliberately, thinking as he speaks). momxometno He is meditating/he is musing. -momxomeamehtse He is walking deliberately. -momxomem'sta. He explained it slowly.
-momxome'h vai. fly slowly. naa n'=kohke mhv'ne-momxome'hahhe and that crow just flew
slowly (1987:245-246).
-momxomenestse vai. speak language slowly. -momxomenestse. He is talking slowly. For example,
when a person talks Cheyenne slowly and deliberately, thinking as he speaks.
-momxometan
vai. meditate; muse. meditating/musing.Literally: deliberately-think.
-momxometno
He
is
-momxom'an vai. say slowly. -momxom'ne. He spoke slowly. Nh-momxom'nstse! Say it

slower (to me)! fai: -'an.
-momxomoo'kho vii. rain slowly and lightly. -momxomoo'kho. It's raining slowing and lightly.
fii: -oo'koh.
momh- i. lumpy; curdle. -momha'xe

vai. gallop. See: -vov'heohts 'trot'; -momh'xa'. -momha'xe. He (esp. horse)
galloped.
-momha'xv'eohts vai. go by a galloping team. -momha'xvo'ehtse. He came on a galloping

team. Medial: -'(e).
-momhe'em vta. talk good about s.o. -momhe'emho. He talked good about him. See: -phvo't; momhem.
-momhe'xa' vai. tangled hair. -momh'x'e. He has tangled hair. BodyPartMedial: -a'. Momhe'xa'he na. Tangled Hair. -momhem
vta. encourage s.o., build up s.o. -momhemho. He encouraged/built him up. See: phvo't; -momhe'em. p. entire families. See: -vo'staneme; -vohesttse. momheome hnhna'haev(sesto) ntx-v'h'e Whole families (lodges) were killed by the soldiers. (1987:37:22).Literally: ?lodge.
momheome
-momheotse vii. become curdled; become lumpy. -momheotse. It's curdled. -momheve vii. clot. -momheve It's clotting; there are blood clots (for example, in the flow from his
nose bleed).
momhevhtse na. blood clot. Obviative: momhevhtseto. See: -momheve. -momho vii. lumpy, curdled. -momho. It's lumpy. -momhoomho't
vii. curdled, lumpy from cooking. -momhoomh'ta It curdled/turned lumpy
while cooking.
-momhoomeoestho't vii. quickly curdle, turn lumpy while cooking. -momhoomeoesth'ta It

quickly curdled/turned lumpy while cooking. Medial: -oest.
-momhoomeotse
vii. curdle, become lumpy. for example, milk or blood. -momhoomeotse. It curdled/it turned lumpy.
-momhovaet vai. hair be matted. xae-momhovato His hair is just all matted. -mom'aahtse vai. spit blood; hemorrhage from the mouth. -mom'ahtse. He is spitting blood/he is
hemorrhaging from the mouth. BodyPartMedial: -ahtsen mouth. See: -mom'aeve.
-mom'aahtsenotse vai. hemorrhage. -mom'aahtsenotse. He hemorrhaged. -mom'aahtsenvotome

vai. hemorrhage. -mom'aahtsenvotome. He is hemorrhaging from the mouth. tshmom'oma'o'e mxhsenheshanhe tseh-mom'aahtsenvotomevse hovhne where the earth is red is from the hemorrhaging of the animals. [1987:245]
-mom'avsome vai. bloody stool. -mom'avsome. He has a bloody stool. fai: -asme. -mom'ave vai. vii. bloody. -mom'aeve. He's bloody. See: -h''; -hvoeotse; -ma'veotse. -mom'aveanot vta. beat s.o. bloody. -mom'aveanotho. He beat him bloody. -mom'avees
vai. bloodied nose. -mom'avese. He has a bloodied nose. BodyPartMedial: -es. See: -ma'vees.
-mom'vhhtse vai. bloody tracks. -mom'vhhtse. He left bloody tracks. -mom'aveneh vta. bloody s.o. -mom'avenehho. He bloodied him. -mom'avenohe vai. bloody. -mom'avenohe. He's all bloody. -mom'avenohee vai. bloody lie look; lie looking bloody. -mom'avenohe. He's lying there
looking bloody.
-mom'avotan vai. bloody snot ?? get bloody hands from digging with hands ?? -mom'avotne.
He has bloody snot (mucus??). See: -hoxo'htsvotan.
-mom'hemem vta. talk to s.o. so it sounds desirable; talk with false promises; sweet talk s.o. mom'hememho. He talked to him so it sounds desirable. M'hkema'xeemom'hememaehevhe tsohkhehohephvenhetsse. (The people) made everything sound
real good to him how (beavers) tasted real good. (1987:275).
-mom'hemetan
vai. anticipate, wish for (something) as desirable. -mom'hemetno. He is anticipating (something good). tsthee-mom'hemetnse just as she had wished. [1987:260]Variant: -mom'hetan. See: -hotsov'setan.
-mom'hem'an vai. speak without carrying through. -mom'hem'ne. He says things which he
doesn't carry out. Final: -'an.
-mom'hevtam vta. confident of s.o., have confidence in s.o. N-mom'hevtmo. I have a lot of
confidence in him.
-mom'sema'stse talk with head together ?? talking so quietly you can't hear them. not used with sg.
subject. -mom'sema'stseo'o. They are talking with their heads together.
-mom'haht vai. have hairy feet. -mom'hhta He has (long?) haired feet. ts-mom'hahtase
Persian horses (lit. those which have hairy (shaggy) feet).
mom'hahthtottse ni. shags; furs (for dancers).Literally: hairy-leg-things. -mom'eht vai. have hairy legs. -mom'eohta He has hairy legs.Variant: -mom'kht. momnepv. sometimes, at times, anyway. Nne-momne'sva. I sliced drymeat anyway. N'hkene-momnenhove'e. I would stand up at times. (FAMILY.TXT).
momno p. sometimes. See: h'tva. naa momno 'hksahohesstse And sometimes he would not
be (there) (attrib.). (1987:269). Preverb: momne-.
momno'-
i. bunched; in a group; clustered. -momno'hoeo'o They are sitting in groups. Nmomno'novme I (we?) am talking in a group. vai. sit in bunches. Notes (Phonology) vs not used in sg. -momno'eeo'o. They sat in
-momno'ee
bunches.
-momno'e'h vai. fly bunched. V'kseho ohkemomno'e'hao'o; meto'sevatonevhanhe. Birds

are flying in bunches; it must be almost fall (this is a common Cheyenne saying).
-momno''ts vai. camp in bunches. not used in sg. -momno''tseo'o. They camped (or lived) in
bunches (for example, in separate clusters).
-momno'e vai. stand in group. Notes (Phonology) vs -momno'eeo'o. They are standing in groups.
tsohkevhee-momno'eestove tshhe mhove'ho'no where they always stand in bunches
here in town. [1987:173]
-momno'eohts vai. go in a bunch. -momno'eohtseo'o. They are going in a bunch. -momno'ost vii. hang bunched together. -momno'osta vo'e. The clouds are bunched together. momnov- i. rugged ?? -momnovahe vai. be comely ?? esp. used of horses; usually said in the negative. -momnovahe. He
is comely/good-looking. ?? sa-momnovhhe. He is an ornery person. phvahe; -phvenohe; -mo'onahe.
[PD270]
See: -
-momnovtam vta. regard s.o. as comely, consider s.o. to be of good character ?? See: -phvtam.
N-momnovtmo. I deem him comely/of good character. sa-momnovtamheho. He did not pay attention to him. See: -onem.
-momnovn
vai. have a rugged face (rugged??). -momnovne He has a rugged face. samomnovnhe. He's not a smiley person. vai. mean face. only used in the negative. sa-momnovn'he. He has a mean expression. See: -ta'ovn'.
-momnovn'
-momnovo'an vai. speak pretty ?? perhaps is only used in the negative. ohksa-momnovo'anhe.
She just says what's on her mind (regardless of whether it hurts someone or not).
-momnovo'eh
vta. does not care how treat s.o. (esp. in a mean way). See: momne-. ohksamomnovo'ehoheho He doesn't care how he treats him. (FAMILY.TXT).
-momnovo'etahe vai. try everything to do something ?? -momnovo'etahe. He tried everything. ??

for instance, to try every way to console someone at a funeral.
-momovn (-momnovn ??) vai. pretty face - have a. -momovne She has a pretty face. See: mo'onahe.
momse- i. sort. -momsean vti. sort, separate s.t./s.o. (by hand). See: -a'e'han. -momsena. He separated (or sorted) it
by hand. Momsenhtse! Sort it! vta. -momseanho. He sorted him (or them). M'hke-momseanhevovhe nom'ne. They sorted the fish (for example, by species). Mh-momseanhtshevhe. They picked each other.
[1987:50]
-momseovohts vti. sort s.t. with water, separate s.t. with water, strain s.t. N-momseovhtsentse
mentse I sorted the berries with water (for example, letting the leaves float to the top). Momsevhtsstse! Strain them!
-momsoh vti. sort s.t. by tool. -momsha. He separated (or sorted) it by tool. See: -he'nha. -momt vta. give (distributively). -momthtseo'o. They are giving each other gifts. N-momtonovtse.
I gave each of them (something). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -mt.
mmtssto p. red tape; with difficulty. mmtssto mtaohkee=hov'he=shphhthhe nhhe (a

person) goes through something difficult there (in the Sun Dance). [1987:210] See: -htoant.
-momtsstm vta. persecute; torture; treat s.o. cruelly. Appears to be used with the sense of 'punish',
also. The reduplication here gives the sense that the action took place over a longer period of time. -momtsstomo. He punished him. Non-reduplicated: -mtsstm. Notes (Phonology) redup
-momtsstmo vii. takes time to be done as required. -momtsstmo. It takes time to be done as
required.
-momtsstvahe
vai. slow and accurate. -momtsstvahe. He is so slow and careful. momtsstvheo'o. They are taking their sweet old time. (Phonology) redup See: htoan-.
momtsstve- pv. slow and accurate. -momtsstvenheve He did it slowly and carefully. Notes -momtsstvetno vai. suffer. esp. refers to feeling the suffering in one's mind and emotions. momtsstvetno. He suffered. [1987:40] Notes (Phonology) redup
-momtsstvo vii. takes time. -momtsstv. It takes time (to be done as required). esp. refers to the
time it takes to do something properly.
-momtsstvo'eh vta. torment; mistreat; torture; treat cruelly s.o. -momtsstvo'eeho. He tortured
him. -momtsstvo'eehe. He was tortured. [1987:41, 210] Notes (Phonology) redup
-momtsstvo'etahe vai. do something very carefully; very carefully do something. for example, to
do something the proper way even though it is more difficult. -momtsstvo'etahe. He did it the proper way even though it is more difficult.
-momtsstvo'omenehe
vai. Final: -o'omenehe.suffer; be tortured; tormented. mxo'shanhe mho'nto'sthe'eno'ase tsto'sev'e-momtsstvo'omeneese vo'stane tssavo'stanvhahtstanestse naa mato tssavo'stanvheestse there is fire (in hell), it will
never go out which will torture the person who does not want to be saved and also who is not saved (1987:117).
-momanahe vai. diligent. -momanahe. He's diligent. [pd544] -momose vai. midafternoon. -momose. It is midafternoon. -momh't vii. scorched. -momh'tnstse. They (for example, inan. shoes) are scorched. momhti. move (repeatedly). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: mht-. Etymology: cf. M mama:ceqtaw. Preverb: momse-; Initial: momse-.
-momhthtsenotse vai. move lips. -momhta'ham vta. shake s.o. -momhta'hamho. He shook him. for example, to shake a tree to get
berries to fall from it. See: -vvhka'ham.
-momhta'o'h vta. move s.o. N-momhta'o'hovo ho'hon'e. You moved the rock. (said to more than
one person).
-momhta'xe vai. jerk; squirm be in motion (repeated); move. Can be said of one's nervous motion
when speaking before a group. Can be said of someone who is shaking, trying not to laugh. Can also be said of an animal that has just been wounded or shot to death, that is still jerking. -momhta'xe. He's squirming. Nstsev-momhta'xe! Don't squirm! Final: -a'xe.
-momhtan vti. move s.t./s.o. around. -momhtna He moved it around.

vta. -momhtanho He moved him around.
-momhtvan vti. vta. make s.t./s.o. holy ?? neeame ts-momhtavanomo nv'hettaehoenanone

your day which you made holy causes us to pray with joy. (Hymn 118). See: momhthtane.
-momhteh vti. stir s.t. repeatedly. -momhtha. He stirred it (repeatedly). -momhtoeh'en vai. stir while cooking. -momhth'ne. He's stirring (the contents of the pot)
while cooking.
-momhtoht
vai. have diarrhea.Literally: repeatedly.move-bowels. -momhthta. He has diarreha. Medial: -oht. Notes (Phonology) redup
momhththeseo'tse ni. diarrhea medicine. Usage: neologism. -momhthtmea'xe

vai. diarrhea smell. BodyPartMedial: -oht. -momhthtmea'xe.
He has a diarreha smell.
-momhthtotse vai. have diarrhea. -momhthtotse. He has diarrhea. Antonym: -'htotse. -momhto'a'xe vai. wave in the wind, move in the wind. for example, of a flag. -momhto'a'xe. It
(animate) is waving in the wind. Ntxve'ho'asstse, nstoohonvo tssthxovhhoonevtse. s'hse-momhto'axe, hetanvesttse nhohtamstnvo. Soldiers, your flag, you went across (the oceans) to defend it. That is why it is still waving, you have attained manhood. (a flag song after World War II; 1987:244). fai: -'a'xe2.
-momhtona'h vii. breezy; windy; have movement (esp. of trees) from the wind. -momhtn'ha.
There is lots of movement from wind. Non-reduplicated: -mhtna'h. Notes (Phonology) redup See: -homhtna'h.
-momhtoomeoesta'h vii. water violently agitated from wind. -momhtoomeoest'ha The water
was really agitated (rough) from the wind. [PD25]
-momhtoomeotse vii. Medial: -om.become agitated water. -momhtoomeotse the water moved/is
agitated (for example, from changing current or a fish swimming along).
-momhtoomoeh vii. rough water; agitated water; moving water. -momhtoomoha. The water is
moving.
-momhtxe'a'h vii. picture move. -momhtxe''ha It is a moving picture (for example, TV or

movie). ts-momhtxe''ha T.V./movie picture).Variant: momhtxe'a'xesttse. (lit. that which is a moving
momhtxe'a'hesttse hest? 'xes? ni. T.V.; movie. -momhtxe'a'xe vai. move in a movie. -momhtxe'a'xeo'o. They are moving in a movie. momhtxe'a'x-mh'o ?? ni. movie house; theater; cinema. momhtxe'a'xesttse ni. T.V.; movie.Variant: tsohke-momhtxe''ha. -momhtse'eesh(n) vta. hit s.o. in the nose causing a bad nosebleed. See: -matomen. Nvasho tsmomhtse'eesheese Who hit him on the nose causing a bad nosebleed?
-momhtsem
vta. plead with s.o., beg s.o. Can be said in prayer to God, for example, Nmomhtsemtse 'I plead with you, or N-momhtsematsemeno 'We plead with you'. If you plead with someone based on the memory of one of their deceased loved ones, it is very powerful. They feel a lot of pressure to give you what you are pleading for. -momhtsemho. He pleaded with him. N-momhtsematsme. We plead with you. See: momxe-; -kvoena'tov.
-momhtsemna'tov vta. plead in prayer to s.o. N-momhtsemn'tvo I'm pleading to him (while
praying to him). See: -momhtsem; -hn'tov; -hna.
momo'- i. noisy. -momo'vone vii. noisy; commotion. -momo'vone. There is a noise/there is a commotion. fii: -vone. -mom'khtvemenoo'xan vai. dark eyes. tsoxae=otxa=mom'khtvemenoo'xanvse all you
could see was the black of their eyes (1987:28). Notes (Phonology) redup
-mom'oesta'xe vai. move quickly. Nhe'e ts'tohe no'kehso h-mom'oesta'xhoo'o. Then this little
squirrel moved quickly. [1980:66:80]
-mom'ohts
vai. move (repeatedly), fidget. -mom'htse. He moved (repeatedly, for example, fidgeted). Mstsee-mom'htshevhe. They started moving around. [JOURNEY.TXT] Notes (Phonology) redup See: -mom'otse. vii: -mo'na'e; Non-reduplicated: -mo'onahe.
-mom'onahe vai. beautiful; pretty. can be of humans, horses. -mom'onheo'o. They are beautiful. -mom'otse vai. move around. -mom'otse. He is moving around. ssa'vatn-mom'otshehoo'o
ts'the hetane. This man couldn't move anymore. mom'ohts; -mo'otse; -momsevonehn.
[1987:282]
Notes (Phonology) redup See: -
-mom'otse ho'e be an earthquake. -mom'otse ho'e There's an earthquake. mh-mom'otshanhe

ho'e There must have been an earthquake. tshmom'otse ho'e when there was an earthquake.Literally: move earth. Initial: henpecked husband, love=slave.
momo'o na. captive; prisoner; slave. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: momono. Obviative: momono. -momoname na. 1 slave; captive. na-momoname my slave.
2 love slave; henpecked husband. Usage: fig.. he-momonamo his/her love-captive (for example, henpecked husband).Variant: -momonhame.
-momonosan vai. treat people like slaves. -momonsne. He treated people like slaves. -momonot vta. rule s.o., boss s.o. -momonotho. He the boss of him. Synonym: -momonov. -momonotaov vta. dominate s.o.; control s.o. as a slave. -momonotaovho. He is dominating him.
See: momo'o captive.
-momonov vta. rule s.o., boss s.o. -momonovho. He the boss of him. Synonym: -momonot. -momonhame
na. slave; captive (poss.). na-momonhame my love prisoner (often said of a henpecked husband).Variant: -momoname.
-momonheve vai. be a captive. mh-momonhevhevhe They were captives. [1987:40] momonhvstva obl. in slavery.
-momonetan vai. feel like a slave. -momonetno He feels like a slave. Momonvse ni. Slave Butte. located south of the Owl (Moreau) River in South Dakota. momse- pv. i. move (repeatedly). See: momht-. Notes (Phonology) redup -momsemohe vai. move around. -momsemohe. He's moving around. fai: -mohe. -momsenome vai. sleep moving around. -momsenome. He's moving around in his sleep. -momse'e vai. move while standing, stand moving. -momse'e. He's moving while standing. -momse'e vai. move standing, stand moving. -momse'e. He's moving while standing. fai: -. -momsevonehn
vai. move; squirm; wiggle by crawling. also said of a baby moving within the womb. -momsevonhne. He's moving. hetse-momsevonhne He's squirming; can't sit still. See: -mom'otse.
momoto- i. uncomfortable. -momotoeotse vii. left over. for example, from eating or sewing. -momotoeotse. It's left over. See: knomeotse; -he'eotse.
-momotoee
vai. lie in an uncomfortable position. -momotoe. He's lying in an uncomfortable
position.
-momotoetan vai. disagreeable (with the rest of the people). -momotoetno. He's disagreeable with
the rest of the people.
momxe- pfx. wish. a prefix that has an optative meaning. me'- seems to have stronger force. Momxhne'enmo. I wish I understand it. momxe-tshsenststo I wish I could talk Cheyenne. momx-hestoha neanamtse May you have many (more) birthdays! Contracted: omxe-; vta: momhtsem. See: me'-.
-momxom'eohts
wagon.
vai. ride wagon slowly. -momxom'ehtse. He took his time going on the
mon- i. choose, pick, select. See: mone-; -onenov. mnstsevsh-monoomne Will you come pick out
a shawl/blanket? (invitation at an Indian wedding). N-monehn'tova He adopted me (lit. Ichoose-birth-INV). -monstoveo'o He's hiring (lit. choose-workers-DO).
-mnahe vai. new, young. Apparently this verb can be said of the early stage of the moon (as a loan
translation?) but -mnhosen is probably more natural Cheyenne for this stage. -mnahe. He is new. -mnahe e'he. It's a new moon (lit. the moon is new). (probably a loan trans. from English). vii: -mna'e.
mnhtsstse na. hide scraper. Usage: archaic. This word and definition is found in Petter's dictionary,
however no one today knows the word with this meaning. Instead, this word only sounds like 'new mouth' to speakers today. These hide scrapers were typically made of elk horns.Pl: mnhtseto. Obviative: mnhtseto. See: s'senh'o hide scraper; xomh'o hide scraper; 'xonh'o scraper.
Mnhtsstse na. New Mouth. Mnhtset'e ?? na. Shoot Woman ?? a name which appears in frontier Cheyenne literature. -mna'e vii. new. -mna'e. It's new. -mna'etse. It (obv) is new. vai: -mnahe. -mntsest vti. regard s.t. as new. -mntssta. He considered it new. monepv. pick; choose; select; adopt. N-monee'hahentse. monevsenhanentse. I chose him as friend. vta: -mon'tov.
I take him as my son. N-
mne- pv. recently, freshly, newly; just (temporal), early, soon, later. -mnexanne. He just now got
ready. N-mnemsehe. I just ate. -mnstovosta. It is early afternoon. tsh-mnease'xove in the beginning of time. Nto'semhae-mnevanan'e. They were going to let me go soon. naa ntav'ne-mneasehtse ts'ha'hahto and I left soon after I grew up (1987:217). Nhtamnemsehe. I'll eater later.
-mone vti. pick s.t., choose s.t., select s.t., gather s.t. N-mone. I picked it. Mh-monhhe. He picked it
(gold). (1987:18). M'hkems-monhenovtse mentse naa ma'xementse. They would gather/store cherries and plums. (1987:288). Nstaveame-monnone nstmane. We will be hunting for our food. [JOURNEY.TXT] vta: -mon'tov. See: -hvoht; -monstshvan.
-mnenstovost vii. early afternoon. -mnenstovosta. It is early afternoon. -mneee'e vai. recently grow; be young. ts-mneeese young people (lit. those who are recently
growing; 1987:10). Notes (Phonology) vs
mneetane na. young person.Literally: recently-grow-person. Pl: mneetaneo'o. Final: -tane. M-nh'e p. Are you ready to go?, Is that all? Notes (Phonology) Consists of the cliticized particle mhe
plus the particle nhe'e. See: mhe; nhe'e; nmonhe'e.
-mnhestotse vai. newborn. See: mne-; -hestotse. -mnhestotse He is newborn. mnhetva obl. early evening. -mnhosen vai. newly hang. for example, first quarter of moon. -mnhose He (for example,
moon) is newly hanging (for example, first quarter). Usage: probably a more natural term than mnahe for stage of moon.
-mnhohts vai. fresh tracks. -mnhhtse He recently went through (leaving tracks)/he made fresh
tracks.Literally: new-track. Final: -hohts.
-mnh'e'e vai. stand in line (shoulder to shoulder). Mnh'e'e! Get in line! Notes (Phonology) vs
fai: -.
-mnh'oo'e vai. sit in line. heovestse hehovhne mh-mnh'oehevhe different kinds of animals
were sitting in a line (1987:246). Notes (Phonology) vs
mnekse'he na. single (unmarried) young woman; teenage girl. See: kse'he; mn'e. mneksovahe na. single (unmarried) young man, teenage boy. See: ksovhe. mn'e
na. bride.Literally: new-woman. see discussion of Indian weddings under -onenov. See: h'e woman.
-mon'v vai. choose wife, pick wife, select a wife. -mon'va. He chose a wife. -mne'eve vai. be a bride; be married into (that family). -mne'eve. She is a bride/she's married into
(that family).
-mon'ham vai. pick horse.Literally: choose-livestock. -mon'hme. He picked a horse. N-mon'hme

phkso. I took in the kitty.
-mon'tov vta. choose, pick, select s.o. N-mon'tova. He chose me/he selected me. N-monentse. I
picked him. N-mon'tvo. I selected him. (same as N-monentse). -monnoto. He chose him. Preverb: mone-; Synonym: -nh; vti: -mone. See: -netsem; -vom; monotse'onan'tov.
-mne'xove vii. early in time. -mne'xove. It is early. -mnsan vai. wear new clothes. -mnsne. He wore new clothes. Final: -san2. mnshanhe
vai. He is the one. Mnshanevhe. They are the ones. Stem: -ns. See: -nehove; nea'hanhe.
Monsonetane na. Kitfox Society person.Pl: Monsonetaneo'o. Flintmen (Society) (??). There is a
fair amount of uncertainty today about the number, names, and meaning of the society names; this society should probably not be translated as Kitfox Society, but it has apparently been so translated by some speakers.Variant: Motssonetane. See: Vhkshetaneo'o; vhkshetaneo'o.
Mnsonetane
na. Kitfox See: Vhkshetane.
society
man.Pl: Mnsonetaneo'o.
Variant: Mtssonetane.
mnsonetan'e na. Kitfox society sister. -monstman vai. gather food. -monstmne. He gathered food. See: mhtme food. -monstove
vai. selected; chosen; elected. -monstove He got picked. tsh-monstvvse m'kono tribal election; (lit. when the tribal councilmen are chosen). Ts-monstovese the chosen ones (for example, the Jews). -monstoveo'o. They are chosen. vai: -mone; vta: -mon'tov.
-monstshvan vai. select something for use. Nth-monstshvne. I went (to the dumps) to pick
up stuff. vta: -monstshvaov. See: -mone; -mone'ham; -htsehtse.
-monstshvaov
mon'tov.
vta. select for s.o. N-monstshvavo. I selected (something) for him. See: -
mneke
na. bean. Usage: rare as sg.. Notes (Phonology) iah Etymology: cf. M masku:ciihsaeh (dim.).Pl: monkeho. Obviative: monkeho. na. calf.Pl: mnkhesono. Obviative: mnkhesono. See: m'ks'e. Etymology: cf. *mahkwehsehsa vs. maxkwehsehsa.
mnkhso
monkeho na. beans. Singular: mneke. Monkne na. (man's name). mnetaa'va ni. early evening. See: taa'va. mnevata na. 1 young bird; nestling. See: v'kshso.
2 Youngbird.
mnevthso na. little nestling. See: mnevata.Pl: mnevthesono. Obviative: mnevthesono. -monehn'tov vta. adopt s.o. N-mnehn'tova. He adopted me. N-monehnentse. I adopted him.
-monehnnoto. He adopted him. Final: -ehn.Literally: choose-birth-FTA.
-mnoest vai. wear a new dress. See: hoesttse. -mnosta She has on a new dress. mno'keha ni. new shoe; shoe - new.Pl: mno'khantse. See: mo'keha. -mno'khan vai. wear new shoes. -mno'khna He wore new shoes. -monooman choose shawl, choose blanket. esp. refers to picking out a shawl from among the bride
gifts at an Indian wedding. -monoomne. She chose a blanket/shawl. -monoomaneo'o. They are picking out blankets (at an Indian wedding).
-monooxan vai. choose; pick; select a club (to defend self). See: hohkxe; ho'xe. N-monooxne I
chose a club (to defend myself).
-monotse'nne vai. hire. -monotse'nne. He's hiring. Initial: mon-; vta: -monotse'nan'tov. See: hotse'ohe.
-monotse'nan'tov
vta. hire; choose s.o. for work. See: -hotse't; -mon'tov; -hotse'ohe. ma'heo'o monotse'nannoto God chose him for (that) work.
monotse'onmh'o ni. employment office. Usage: neologism. Mon'e na. (woman's name). -mos fai. do housework. ho-mse. She cooked. phve-mse. She does housework well. nhe-mse.
She does housework quickly.
-msanahe vai. brown. V'kso -msanahe. The bird is brown. Usage: od. Msaneo'h'e ni. Old Lodge Skin River. Known today as the Huerfano River. It enters the Arkansas
River from the south, near Pueblo, Colorado.
-msan
vii. brown; old leather color, buckskin color. -msno It is brown/it is old leather (or buckskin) in color.Variant: -mkan.
-msanov vai. brown furred. -msanva. He is brown furred. Medial: -ov. -msm
vta. kiss s.o. -msemo. He kissed her. Usage: This seems to be the less commonly used pronunciation..Variant: -vsm.
mos(k)an- i. brown. mskne- pv. buckskin. See: m'ko. mskanome ni. buckskin tent; skin lodge. mskanetsnoonhe na. bat.Literally: buckskin-winged-one (the buckskin probably refers to the color
of skin). Usage: not well Obviative: mskanetsnoonheho; mkonetsnoonhe. See: menonetsnne.
known word.Pl: mskanetsnoonheo'o. Medial: -tsenoon.Variant: mkanatsnoonhe;
-mskan vii. brown. This color word has to do with buckskin. -mskno. It is brown. The first /s/
of the 'buckskin/brown' entries often assimilates to //. There is much debate among Cheyennes over what might be an appropriate word for brown. Assimilated: -mkan. See: -msanov; -msan; mo'htvhev.
mkanome ni. old lodge. Usage: not very extant today. mkanetsnoonhe
na. bat. Usage: not well known term.Literally: buckskin-winged-one (the buckskin probably refers to the color of skin). Pl: mkanetsnoonheo'o. Obviative: mkanetsnoonheho; Medial: -tsenoon.Variant: mskanetsnoonhe. See: menonetsnne. msan. There is much debate among Cheyennes over what might be an appropriate word for brown. Non-assimilated: -mskan. See: -msanov; -msan; -mo'htvhev; -non.
-mkan vii. brown. This color word has to do with buckskin. -mkno. It is brown.Variant: -
mota ni. knife. See: motke. htxovmota scissors (lit. crisscross-knife?). Usage: probably archaic;
appears in PD.
-mtahe vai. weary, exhausted. See: -mtheotse; -khaneotse; -ssveotse; -mthneotse. -mthkame ni. knife (poss.). na-mthkame my knife. Usage: older term. mothke ni. knife. Usage: archaic. Mthk'e 1 ni. scabbard, sheath. See: v'hano'tse.Pl: mthk'stse.
2 na. Sheath.
Mthav'e na. In Sad Shape Woman. See: -mtheotse. -mthn vai. have a pale face. -mthne He has a pale face. [jwa 1/26/98] -mthneotse vai. face pale. See: -mtahe. -mthneotse His face got pale; he paled. [jwa 1/26/98]
Medial: -n.
-mtheotse vai. be in sad shape; appear about to die; be in pitiful state; be depressed ?? esp. said of
someone very sick just before dying. -mtheotse. He is in sad shape. Etymology: cf. *mat'bad'; mya:la:tesiwa 'he is ugly' (Pe79.377). See: -mtahe; -mthetshesta; -khaneotse.
-mthe-tshesta vai. sad shape - be in. esp. near death. -mthetshesta He is in sad shape. See: mtheotse.
mt'e na. ash (tree).Pl: mto'eo'o. Obviative: mot'eho ??. term is used of the forked ash post used in
the Sun Dance lodge. Medial: -'(e).
mt''e ni. Walnut Creek.Literally: ash=grove. Petter says this is Walnut Creek. Mtovh'e
na. Ash Tree Woman. translation uncertain. an old name which has been used in Oklahoma. See: mt'e. na. Apache.Literally: occupied.camp-person. Variant: Mhtsheonetane. Pl: Motshonetaneo'o.
Motshonetane
Mots'eeve na. Sweet Medicine Standing, Sweet Root Standing. Sweet Medicine is the Cheyenne
prophet who predicted the coming of the horse, cow, whiteman, etc. to the Cheyennes (1987:616; 1987:99); he was named for sweetgrass. See: Mots'e'e; mots'eontse.
Mots'eono'h'e Sweet Medicine River (Okla.?). mots'eontse

ni. sweetgrass. has a sweet scent, esp. when burned. See: v'h'htse; Mots'eeve; Mots'e'e. See: Mots'eeve.
Mots'e'e na. Sweet Medicine Stands Woman, Sweet Root Stands Woman, Sweet Grass Woman. Motshn'e na. No Naming Woman. translation uncertain. Mtssoneo'h'e ni. Flint River. Cheyenne name for the Arkansas River. Other Plains tribes also
called it the Flint River in their languages.
Mtssonetane
na. Kitfox See: Vhkshetane.
society
man.Pl: Mtssonetaneo'o.
Variant: Mnsonetane.
mtssonetannoottse ni. Kitfox society songs.Variant: mnsonetannoottse. -mtkame ni. knife (poss.). na-mtkame my knife. 'knife' may also appear possessed without the
-ame suffix. Simplified Spelling: mochk; IndepNoun: motke.
motke ni. knife. Notes (Phonology) hl Simplified Spelling: mochk. Nstsev'v'e-e'sna ho'vohktse
mtkva! Don't turn meat over with a knife! (a cultural prohibition). Nstsev'v'emhth'ne motke. Don't stir soup with a knife (if there is a medicine man living with you; a cultural prohibition)! Oblique: mtkva; Possessive: -motke, mtkame.Pl: mtkehtse. AltPl = mtkeontse (much less commonly used) The following words rhyme for Cheyenne: motke (knife), vetke (fat), ho'tke (sinew), amke (grease), and ma'tke (bow). Etymology: *ma:n0ehsi (Pi); cf. Ar woxe; cf. *ma:n0ehsi 'flint?'. See: mota; mothke.
Motke hnxhpo mox- i. brush, sweep.
vii. Dull Knife. Usage: teasing name given to him by his brother; his real Indian name was Vhhve.
-mxeh vti. sweep s.t. -mxha. He swept it. for example, to sweep a room or gymnasium, or to
sweep grass cuttings off a sidewalk. vai: -mxhen.
-mxhne vai. sweep. -mxhne. She is sweeping. Mxhnstse! Sweep the floor! mxh'o ni. broom.Literally: sweeping(thing). Notes (Phonology) vsPl: mxheontse. -mxe'a'h
vii. be T.V..; television; movie. tsohke-mxe''ha movie.Literally: that.which.is.moving.picture. fii: -oxe'a'h. See: -m'xe'a'h; -nxe'a'h.
TV;
mxe'a'xe'stmanesttse ni. VCR; DVD player. Usage: neologism. mxe'a'xmh'o ni. movie theater. mxe'a'xstmanesttse ni. VCR; DVD. Usage: neologism. mxe'a'xesttse ni. T.V. vovstomsan-mxe'a'xesttse educational T.V. (neologism). -mxe'n vai. painted face. for example, for a Victory Dance. -mxe'ne. He has a painted face.
See: -mxe'nn.
-mxe'nn vta. paint face of s.o. -mxe'nnho. He painted his face. -mxe'nn
vai. paint face. esp. for Victory Dance. -mxe'nne. He is painting face(s). See: mxe'n; -mo'htsnne.
Mxe'nsesttse ni. Paint Ceremony. mxe'nstane

na. Paint Ceremony person.Pl: mxe'nstaneo'o. Lucy Red Cloud was the last member of this religion.
-mxe'eoesta'h vti. write s.t. quickly ?? -mxe'eoht'ha. ?? He wrote it ?? -mxe'eoestoh

vti. write s.t. quickly. -mxe'eohtha. He wrote it quickly. Naa t'the hp'e m'hkeva-mxe'eoesthhhe mxe'stoo'o. And then the others would write their orders back.
[1987:45]
mxe'ome ni. painting lodge. used in painting ceremony. -mxe'eotse

vai. have picture taken; be photographed. Usage: Montana dialect. Oklahoma Dialect: phoeotse. -mxe'eotse. He had his picture taken.
-mxe'eots'stman vai. photograph. ohke-mxe'eots'stmne. He photographs. mxe'eots'stmanhe na. photographer. -mxe'eots'seh vta. take picture of s.o. -mxe'eots'shho. He took his picture. -mxe'eots'sests vti. take picture of s.t. -mxe'eots'sstse. He took a picture of it. mxe'eotsesttse
na. picture.Literally: drawn thing. Usage: Montana dialect.Pl: mxe'eotsstoto. Obviative: mxe'eotsstoto. he-mxe'eotsstovevho their pictures (in this context, these are pictures of them). See: phoeotsesttse.
-mxe'stn vai. go to school; write; study. -mxe'stne. He's writing. N-mxe'stnehe? Are you
writing? fai: -oxe'stn; vti: -mxe'oha. See: -hoestn. Etymology: cf. *masina:hike:-.
-mxe'stnee'e vai. write sitting. -mxe'stnee'e. He's writing sitting. mxe'stneksees'xovahttse

ni. pencil sharpener.Literally: pencil-sharp-nose-cutting-thing. Usage: neologism.Variant: ksees'xovahttse.
mxe'stnhe
na. student.Literally: writer. Obviative: mxe'stnheho. See: hostnhe.
Pl: mxe'stnheo'o.
Feminine: mxe'stn'e;
mxe'stn'e na. female student. mxe'stnemh'o

ni. See: hostonmh'o.
school.Literally: writing-house.
Oblique: mxe'stnemhene.
-mxe'stne'e vai. write standing. -mxe'stne'e. He's writing standing. fai: -. mxe'stnesttse ni. pencil; pen.Literally: writing thing. -mxe'stne vai. lie writing. -mxe'stne. He's lying writing. [PD653] mxe'stoo'e ni. paper; book; letter.Pl: mxe'stontse. Variant: mxe'stoo'o. mxe'stoo'o
ni. paper; book; letter. Variant: xe'stoo'o; mxe'stoo'e. Etymology:
cf. M
mase:nahekan.Pl: mxe'stontse.
mxe'stoo'o ts'hkhoonevsanto vii. insurance.Literally: paper that protects. Usage: neologism. mxe'stoo'o tsv'ev'ho'vstoemhtsstove ni. marriage license.Literally: paper by means of
which there is whiteman marriage. Synonym: vstoemhtsvxe'stoo'o.
mxe'stonam'eneo'o ni. stage coach. See: hoxovstav-am'eneo'o.Literally: letters-wagon. Notes

(Phonology) vs
mxe'stonmh'o
ni. post See: mxe'stnemh'o.Literally: letters-house. ni. Variant: ma'kaatavxe'stoo'o.
office.
Oblique: mxe'stonmhene.
mxe'stonma'kaata
paper
money.Pl: mxe'stonma'kaatnstse.
mxe'stonve'ho''e na. postmaster lady. mxe'stonve'ho'e na. postmaster; mailman. mxe'stontse ts'hketh'ta vii. bookshelf.Literally: books where.they.are.put.on. mxe'stontse tsohkhoemee'stse vii. reading books.Literally: books which.are.read. -mxe'stotxev vai. write for others. -mxe'stotxva He writes for others. -mxe'stov vta. write to s.o. -mxe'stovho. He wrote to him. See: -mxe'stov. -mxe'evo'oh vti. write s.t. hurriedly. -mxe'evo'ha. He wrote it hurriedly. See: -mxe'oh write s.t.
(no hurriedly).
-mxe'ho'he vai. branded. -mxe'ho'he. It (animate, for example, a horse) is branded. -mxe'ho'hv vai. brand. -mxe'ho'hvao'o. They are branding.Variant: -mxe'ho'hov. -mxe'ho'h(n) vta. brand s.o. -mxe'ho'nho. He branded him. N-mxe'ho'noo'o I branded them.
Mxe'ho'heha! Brand him!Literally: write.on-by.tool.
-mxe'ho'hov vai. brand. -mxe'ho'hva He branded.Variant: -mxe'ho'hv. mxe'ho'hvahttse ni. branding iron.Pl: mxe'ho'hvhtottse. -mxe'oh vti. write, draw s.t. has final 'by tool', that is, this is writing with a pen or pencil. -mxe'ha.
He wrote it. Mxe'ohtse! Write it!
-mxe'hen
vai. draw. N-mxe'hne. I'm drawing. which is identical in sound ??
[Croft]
Notes (Phonology) might be -mxe'hon,
-mxe'oh(n) vta. draw s.o. has final 'by tool'. -mxe'hnho. He drew a picture of him. N-mxe'hno.
I drew him. [Croft] See: -hahnoh(n).
mxe'ovahttse ni. brand. for livestock.Pl: mxe'ovhtottse. -mxema'otht vti. blow ground off with mouth. -mxema'othta ?[ He blew ground off with his
mouth.
Mxh'e na. Mint Woman. -mxhema'h vii. Final: -ma'h.smell of mint. -mxhem'ha It smells of mint.
mxhevhpotshohpe ni. mint tea. mxne ni. mint. -mxetan'tov

vta. think about s.o. -mxetan'tovho. He thought about him. samxetan'tovheho. He can't forget about him. ame-mxetan'tovhtsstove. There is thinking
about your relatives all the time (for example, whether they need help; caring for them; etc.) (1987:219). See: -heetan'tov; -m'etan'tov.
-mxevo'oh vti. sweep up s.t. Mxevo'htse! Sweep it up! mxhtshno p. recently. See: mne-. mxho'n- pfx. inferential negative prefix sequence. with past tense x-. naa mxho'ntoneamxevhtse
and they could not run away (1987:51). Notes (Phonology) inferential particle mhe (as proclitic) +
/h/ 'PAST tense' + ho'n- conjunct inferential negative; this negative sequence only govern a morphological conjunct verb, but such a verb functions as an independent verb, parallel to independent affirmative inferentials See: ho'n-; mhe.
-mxhnn vai. sweep; rake yard. -mxhnne. He swept/raked the yard (that is, outside).
N-n
-n sfx. segment which appears as a reflex of PA *n in the history of Cheyenne and which does not
appear in many verb forms. It has the allomorph -ne in some forms. See: -ne. Nvohta-ntse. I saw them (inan). ho't-nstse. They (inan) are here.
na- pro. first person possessor prefix. na-nso my child. na-mhenne our (excl.) house. See: n- 1;
he- 3PS. Etymology: *ne-.
n-
pro. first person independent order verb prefix, I. This verb prefix is high pitched. The high pitch disappears and the vowel is whispered when this prefix is used in a future tense verb. Compare the high pitch of this verb prefix with the low pitch of the corresponding possessive prefix on nouns, as in namh'o 'my house.'. N-nmne. I sang. N-ho'sme. We (excl.) danced. N-htho'eohe. I'll come there. See: na- 1PS; n- 2; - 3. See: n- 1; na- 1PS; n- 2; - 3.
n- pro. first person independent order verb prefix preceding future tense. N-htho'eohe. I'll come there. naa p. and, but, well, where. The 'well' would be epistemic, as in English, "Well, that's what he said.".
naa is typically used as a response begin-quote marker. means 'where is?' only in appropriate contexts. Mhnevhkho'hso naa ma'no staveamhnhoono. A ground squirrel and turtle were walking along. (1980:30:1). Naa John? Where is John? Naa mxe'stnemh'o? Where is the school? "Naa nhetme," hevoo'o. "Well, you're right," he said. See: mato; tsa'e.
naa mto hva pv. or. H'the mo'khantse nmanstothahtsentse. Nto'setaomhemo'khanentse

naa mto hva vo'stane mxho'aestse nhtanhohtvantse. These moccasins, I'm making
them for myself. They are going to be my own moccasins, or if someone wants them, I'll sell them. (1980:73:4-6). The last two words are usually spoken together as mthva.
Naaho'h'e ni. Otter Creek. near Ashland, Montana. -naa' vai. doctor. Notes (Phonology) not vs; vowel assim. so that the /ae/ sequence is heard as |aa| historically
refers to Indian forms of doctoring; now also includes non-Indian forms of doctoring as in hospitals.Variant: -nae'. -na'e He is doctoring. hohesto hetanho tsohkevenaa'ese hmh'toesesto, 'vanaetaesesto Many medicine (doctoring) men were working on him, they were doctoring him. [(1987:108] See: -naa'e die; -naa'oo'o. vta: -naet.
-naa'e vai. die. -naa'e He died. Notes (Phonology) vs -nastove. There is dying. sa-naheo'o. They
did not die. e-naa'e. It is the last quarter (of the moon). Euphemism: -hovnee'e, -nhohts. See: -naa' doctor. Etymology: *nepwa.
naa'- pv. doctor. ohkee=ta'se=naa'vo'stanheveo'o They were doctoring people (1987:213).
na'e na. otter. may also mean 'mink'. Usage: obsolescing. Notes (Phonology) vs; iah ??Pl: naeho. AltPl =
naeno (only pl. given in PD; possibly oldest pl.) Obviative: naeho, naeno. Etymology: *nekikwa
(Go88); *nekikwaki (pl) (Go88).
naa'amho'hesttse
ni. ambulance. driver.Literally: doctoring-car.
naa'amho'hesttse
tsohkeama'eno
ambulance
naa'mh'o ni. hospital; clinic.Literally: doctoring-house. Variant: heseotsmh'o. naa'noo'tse ni. doctoring song.Pl: naa'noottse. -naa'see'e vai. butt numb. N-naa'see'e. My butt is numb (from sitting too long). naa'tane na. medicine man.Literally: doctor-person. naa've'ho''e na. nurse.Pl: naa've'ho''eo'o. Obviative: naa've'ho'a'o. -naa've'ho'a'vsan vai. dress as a nurse. -naa've'ho'a'vsne. He/She is dressed as a nurse. fai: san2.
naa've'ho'e na. doctor; physician.Literally: doctoring-whiteman. refers to a modern doctor who works
in a hospital or clinic. See: heseotsve'ho'e.
-naa've'ho'vsan vai. wear doctor's uniform, dress as a doctor. -naa've'ho'vsne. He's dressed
as a doctor. fai: -san2.
naa'vo'stane na. medicine man. See: momhthtane.Literally: doctoring-person. Pl: naa'vo'staneo'o.

Obviative: naa'vo'stanho.
naa'hanhe pro. he's the one (distal; old information); that's what he is; there he is. See: nea'hanhe;
tsea'hanhe.Pl: naa'hanevhe. Obviative: naa'hanevhe.
na'hanehe pro. there he is (distal; old information). Notes (Phonology) contraction of naa'hanhe -naa'oo'o na. patient (of a doctor). na-naa'oo'o my patient. he-naa'ono his patient. Notes (Phonology) vs;
apoc vai: -naa'.
-naees vai. numb nose; nose numb. N-naese. I have a numb nose / I can't smell any more. -naeesohts vai. nose numb. -naeeshtse. His nose is numbing. nahame na. my husband. Usage: Obsolescing; see comments under noun stem -hame.. -naehe'on vai. have a numb hand. -naehe'na. He has a numb hand. Medial: -he'on. -nahevo'ema'ov vta. death-sentence s.o. -nahevo'emaohe. He got the death sentence. -nae' vai. doctor. See: -naa'. Notes (Phonology) vowel assim. causes this to be pronounced as -naa' vta: -naet. -nae'hahtaa'e vai. sit with feet numb; feet go to sleep. -nae'hahtaa'e his foot went to sleep/went
numb. Notes (Phonology) vs
nae'ha na. my son. Stem: -e'ha. Etymology: *neki'sehsa < nekwi'sehsa (Pi). ne'ha voc. Son! Notes (Phonology) Pronounced the same as N-e'ha 'He's afraid of me." Stem: -e'ha. -naman vai. play possum; act dead; pretend to be dead; dead pretend. v'ne-namne. He's just
playing possum.
-nanema'xe vai. smell dead, dead smell. -nanema'xe. He smells dead. Final: -ma'xe. -naeohts vai. numb. -naehtse. He is numb. See: -naeotse. -naeotse vai. faint; become numb; die; have seizure(s); have epilepsy. -naeotse. He died/he fainted.
See: -naeohts; -naa'e.
naese p. any. See: nhso; nhse. Notes (Phonology) contraction of nhse ?? nshma p. just anyplace. naotse naeshama. ?? She sleeps anywhere. for example, how a loose
woman, mth'e, sleeps around.Variant: nhshma.
naesetsheseo'tse ni. blessing medicine. part of Sun Dance equipment. -naesets'seh vta. purify him, make purifying motions to s.o. -naesets'shho. He made purifying
motions to him. See: -hoov.
-naesets'tov vta. bless s.o., make a blessing sign to s.o. -naesets'tovho. He made a blessing sign to
him.
-naesetsnen vta. purify s.o. with the ceremonial purifying hand motions over the body of the one
being purified. -naesetsnenho. He purified him. vai: -naesetse.
naesetsesttse ni. blessing medicine. naesetsesttse ni. purifying motion, blessing motion.Pl: naesetsstottse. naesetsv'stse ni. blessing plants. part of Sun Dance equipment. naesohto
p. six (items). Etymology: *nekwetwa:-tah0wi (Go88). In the history of the Algonquian numbering system the number 'six' is built on number 'one'. See: naeshtoha; na'stse.
-naeshtoh vii. six in number. requires pl. subject. -naeshthnstse They (inan.) are six in number. naeshtoha p. six times. See: naesohto. -naeshthnstse vii. 6 of them (inanimate). -naeshthnstse. There are 6 of them (inanimate). -naeshtheanam vai. be six years old. -naeshtheanma He is six years old. naeshth'e p. for six days. See: ee. Naeshtheeve na. Six Stands. -naeshthnoeme vii. vai. cost six dollars. -naeshthnoeme it/he costs 6. naeshthn'e p. sixty. naeshthnve six groups of. Final: -v. See: n'kve. -naeshtxe vai. be six in number. requires plural subject. -naeshtxeo'o there are six (an.). -naeshtxe'ohe vii. be six o'clock. -naeshtxe'ohe it's 6 o'clock. naest- i. all in one place. See: naestseto; naesohto. ma'hhkseho -naestoeo'o ma'hhkshe-mhene the
old people are all in the old age home. -naesto'tseo'o They are all camped on one side. Etymology: cf. *nekwetwi 'one'.
-naest vti. doctor s.t. -nasta He doctored it. 'ame-naestomvnse hestse'ko He kept doctoring his
leg (1987:109). vta: -naet.
-naestoe vai. majority be there, different groups together. -naestoeo'o. The majority of them are there.
Ma'hhkseho -naestoeo'o ma'hhkshemhene. The majority of the old people are in the old age home. Usage: obsolescing. Notes (Phonology) vs Initial: -naest; Reduplicated: -nonestoe.
-naesto'ts vai. all camped on one side. not used in sg. -naesto'tseo'o. They are all camped on one side.
Final: -o'ts. See: -ov'e'ho'ts; -mho'ts.
-naestman
vai. doctor. See: -naa'. ohkee-naestmaneo'o. (The Indian doctors) would doctor. (1987:212). nastoo'o. See: -stoo'e.
nastoo'e ni. my throat. Notes (Phonology) This is a commonly use pronunciation today instead of the older nastoo'o ni. my throat. See: mastoo'o.Variant: nastoo'e. nastoo'o is the older pronunciation, but nastoo'e
is increasingly common today. nastoo'e sounds identical to nstoo'e 'I'm sitting inside.'. See: -stoo'e.
naesttse ni. death. vai: -naa'e; Oblique: nastva; Euphemism: hovneehesttse. -nastove vii. death. -nastove. There is death/there is dying. vai: -naa'e. naestseto p. Initial: naest-.all on one side; all in one place. -naekht vai. have numb leg(s). -naekhta. He has dead/numb/useless legs. -naekhtaa'e
vai. sit with numb leg. -naekhtaa'e his leg is numb while sitting/from sitting.Literally: numb-leg-sit. Notes (Phonology) vs
-naekhtohts vai. numb leg. See: -nonaekhtotse. -naekhthtse. His leg is numb. -naet vta. doctor s.o. refers to traditional doctoring as well as doctoring with modern medicine. naetho. He doctored him. Naa m'hkemhae-naethevhe hohesto vo'stanho. And he used to doctor many people. [1987:107] vti: -naest.
-naetan vai. be dying. refers to being in the dying process. See: -naa'e. -naetno He's dying. Navhne Death (personified). -navo'emaov vta. sentence s.o. to die. N-navo'emovtse I sentence you to death. See: -ho'emaov; too'hvo'emaov.
-navoma'o' vii. dangerous area; harm's way.Literally: death-ground. -navoma''e. It's a dangerous
area; it's in harm's way. See: -'e'ma'o'.
-navomotah
vta. die for s.o. in substitute for. -navomothho. He died for him. tshnavomothatse htxse'hohstva when he died for us on the cross. [1987:116] Singular: sub. See: -naa'e die. 2 voc. Auntie (voc.)! Stem: -haeh.
nha'e 1 na. my aunt. Etymology: *nesekihsa (Pi). Notes (Phonology) iah nhah- i. wild. nhahpv. wild. nhah-v'kso wild bird. nhah-hva wild animal. nhahvo'stanhevheo'o (Cheyennes) are not wild (savages) (1987:226). sa'va-
-nhahe vai. wild, frisky. of an animal or human. -nhahe. He (for example, a horse) is wild (or
frisky). See: -nhahkahe.
-nhahtam vta. watch out; be careful toward s.o. See: -nhahtsstov. nhahtamhne Watch out for
him!
-nhahtno vai. cautious, leery. -nhahtno. He is cautious. [1987:277] -nhahtan't vti. respect s.t. nhahtan'tome Respect it! (1987:235). -nhahtsest vti. be careful toward; show respect for; avoid; keep away from; shy away from s.t.
Nhahtsstome! Respect it! (said to more than one person). [1987:235] vta: -nhahtsstov.
-nhahtsstov vta. be careful toward s.o.; show respect for s.o.; avoid s.o.; keep away from s.o.; shy
away from s.o. Several words have to do with avoiding someone: with this entry one avoids and hence shows respect and probably a fear of the object; with -e'hahtov one similarly shows respect by avoidance, but it is not so much an avoidance of fear but of cultural respect; with nstam one avoids another because there is animosity; with -ntam one avoids another because he (the object) is considered unfit; with -nhestov one avoids another because of a cultural prohibition (taboo) ??; with -v'hova'ov one simply avoids or keeps distant from another with no reason implied (??). -nhahtsstovho. He keeps away from/he avoids him. M'hkevhohe-nhahtssthehevhe tsenheto'ethese vo'staneo'o. They were very leery of people who did this thing. Nhahtsstoveha! Be leery of him! [1987:258] vti: -nhahtsest. See: -nhesta; -nhahtam; -v'hova'ov; -e'hahtov.
nhahv'kso na. wild bird. nhahvo'ha na. wild horse.Pl: nhahvo'hme. nhahk- i. energetic. -nhahkahe vai. energetic. can be said of a person or animal, for example, a horse. -nhahkahe He is
energetic.
[1987:29]
Reduplicated: -nonhahkahe; Antonym: -hvanahe. See: -nhahkomhtahe; -
hene'etan.
-nhahkhtomn
vai. have sharp hearing; have acute hearing. -nhahkhtomne. He has sharp hearing. Final: -ahtomn. See: -ahtomn.
-nhahkeohts vai. walk briskly, energetically walk. -nhahkehtse. He's walking energetically. -nhahko'enohe vai. be reenergized from eating. nhta-nhahko'enohe I'll be reenergized from eating.
Final: -o'enohe.
-nhahko'enhotse
vai. become reenergized from eating. -nhahko'enhotse. He's reenergized from eating. Nva-nhahko'enhotse. I was reenergized from eating. Final: -o'enohe.
-nhahkomhtahe vai. feel energetic. See: -nhahkahe. -nhahkomhtahe He is energetic/he feels

energetic.
-nhahko' vai. have sharp eyesight. -nhahk'o. He has sharp eyesight. Final: -o'.
nhahpo
p. all; absolutely everywhere; absolutely everything. strong epistemic particle. Mnoseeheanhhe nhahpo nhee'hna. I must have been hungry; I ate everything up that way. Antonym: pnhta. See: nemheto; netao'o; mhe-; mae-; nhhpo.
nha'- i. catch. -nha'htomne vai. overhear.Literally: catch-hear. -nha'htomne. He overheard / he caught what
was said. Final: -ahtomn; vta: -nha'htov.
-nha'htomn'tov vta. overhear about s.o. N-nha'htomne'tovtse I overheard (something) about

you. N-nha'htomnentse I overheard (something) about him.
-nha'htov
vta. catch by hearing s.o. -nha'htovho. He caught what he said. Nsaphvenha'htvatshe. I didn't catch well what you said. See: -nha'en; -ahtov.
-nha'xa vti. cut s.t. by making contact with it. 'se-nha'xa. He burst it (for example, a blood
vessel or power line) by mistake.
-nha'en vai. be caught by snow. See: -nha'ov. -nha'na. He was caught by the snow. Medial: en.
-nha'ho'he vai. be caught by light. for example, caught by the beam of a flashlight. -nha'ho'he
He got caught by light.
-nha'ho'h(n) vta. catch s.o. by light. for example, shine a spotlight around and catch someone in its
beam. N-nha'h'hno. I caught him with a spotlight. -nha'ho'h'e. He (obv) caught him by light.
-nha'e' vti. touch s.t. See: -mxa'ov. 'hket'hhnee-nha''a ho'emanesttse you come against the
law (1987:60).
-nha''ha vai. catch something flying. -nha''ha. He caught something while flying. for example,
to hit a wire while flying.
-nha'e'sent vii. touch, catch. netao'o nhee-nha'e'sento in everything it touches (affects) you
(1987:61).
-nha'e'ov vta. catch s.o., collide with s.o., strike s.o. with the body. for example, to catch s.o. at his
home or in a mistake. N-nha'e'ova. He caught me. -nha'e'ovho. He caught him. nha'e''e. He (obv) hit him. Ntsaho'-nha'e'ovhe. I missed him (for example, maybe he wasn't home). Hva nhtsevse-nha'e'oo'e tsphva'e. Maybe something good will come to me. [1987:211] N-nha'e'oo'e ma'henev'ho'e heestsesttse. I was inspired ("struck") by the preacher's word(s). Nstsev'-nha'e'ova vhe! Don't let the morning star catch you! (STORIES.TXT). See: -nha'en.
-nha'e't
vii. stand, set in front (that is, the foreground), be in honored position. can refer to an honored tepee or a hill close to the speaker. -nha''ta. (The tepee) is standing in front in the honored position in the camp. See: -ho'a'e't.
Nha''ta na. Stands In Front. this name refers to the honored tepee in a camp. -nha'em vta. hit the nail on the head about s.o. -nha'emho. He hit the nail on the head about
him.Literally: catch-speak.about.
-nha'emas
vta. hit s.o. by shooting.Literally: catch-by.shooting. -nha'emsho. He hit him by shooting. Ntxv'h'e ssa-nha'emxeehsesto. The soldiers didn't hit him (with their bullets). [1987:48] fta: -emas; Antonym: -o'ha'emas. See: -am; -mas. vti. hit s.t. by shooting. -nha'emxsta. He hit it (by shooting). xaetaenha'emxsta. He hit it right on (for example, right on the bullseye). See: -nha'enoht.
-nha'emxest
-nha'emest vti. hit s.t. by shooting. tae-nha'emsta. He hit it right on (for example, for hitting the
bullseye). See: -nha'enht.
-nha'en vti. catch s.t./s.o. There is a wide range of things which may be caught, both concrete, such as
sticks, balls, horses, and abstract, such as a ride or a word. Catching abstract things may be a loan translation English 'catch.'. -nha'na. He caught it. nhe-nha'na. (loan transl. from English) He caught on quickly. tshhe nsaxaetne-nha'enhe hotse'hesttse I just can't seem to find (lit., catch) any job here. [BERTHA.TXT]
vta. -nha'enho. He caught him. Mstho'eohts'tovhevhe hestotseho tshnetsse na'stse mh-nha'enhevhe/ He came to his horses where they were standng. He caught one (of them). [1987:170] Nha'eneha! Catch him (for example, the ball, animate)! Nto'se-nha'enaa'e. It
has almost come to me (idiom for being about to pop with the urge to defecate or urinate). See: -no'en.
-nha'enen vai. catch, as a catcher does in a baseball game. -nha'enne. He's catching. nha'enenesttse ni. tape recorder.Literally: catching-thing. Pl: nha'enenstottse. -nha'enht vti. 1 sew s.t. exactly right.
2 hit bull's eye. tae-nha'enhta. He hit it on the bull's eye. See: -nha'emest. fai: -n'.
-nha'ee vai. fall and brush against something. -nha'e. He fell and brushed some part of his body
against something. See: -mxa'e.
-nha'vaa'e
vai. sit with wife. -nha'vaa'e. He's sitting with his wife. Medial: -'v. Notes (Phonology) vs vai. walk with wife. -nha'vhtse. nha'nohts walk with husband. Medial: -'v.
-nha'vohts -nha'v'e
He's walking with his wife. See: -
vai. stand with wife. commonly said of horses that stand shoulder to shoulder. nha'v'e. He's standing with his wife. fai: -; Medial: -'v. Notes (Phonology) vs See: M'hnha'v'stse. nha'vxe. He's sleeping/lying with his wife. stosaneto'setaa'eve-nha'vxenasstse. He was that night going to sleep with his bride. [Croft 1988:19:19] Antonym: -nha'ne lie with husband.
-nha'vxe vai. lie with wife. literal lying, not a euphemism, as in English, for sexual relations. -
-nha'nee'e
vai. sit with husband. See: -ham. -nha'nee'e. She's sitting with her husband. See: nha'vaa'e sit with wife. Notes (Phonology) vs vai. walk with husband. -nha'nhtse. She's walking with her husband. See: nha'vaohts walk with wife.
-nha'nohts
-nha'n'e vai. stand with husband. -nha'n'e. She's standing with her husband. -nha'ne
vai. lie with husband, fornicate. -nha'ne. She's lying with her husband. Antonym: nha'vaxe lie with wife. See: -vm; -nha'ee; -he-stse'm'tov.
-nha'ht vii. bite s.t. -nha'hta. He bit it. See: -ahanht. -nha'om vta. catch s.o. in the mouth. for example, how a dog can catch a ball. -nha'omho. He
caught him with his mouth.
-nha'nohts vti. rope s.t.; trap s.t. -nha'nhtse. He roped it. Medial: -n; vta: -nha'not. See: nha'en.
-nha'nsan vai. rope, lasso. -nha'nsne. He's roping. vta: -nha'not. nha'nsanvo'ha na. roping horse.Variant: nha'nsenvo'ha. Medial: -n. nha'nsenvo'ha na. roping horse.Variant: nha'nsanvo'ha. Medial: -n. nha'ns'o ni. noose. of lasso. Medial: -n. -nha'not vta. rope s.o., trap s.o. -nha'notho. He roped him. Nha'nxeha m'ks'e! Rope the
calf! See: -no'not; nonn'e.
-nha'o' vai. catch sight of. -nha''o. He caught sight of. Usage: appears to be a natural term, not
a loan transl..
-nha'om vta. catch sight of s.o. -nha'omho. He caught sight of him. -nha'ov vai. caught by rain (or water). -nha'va. He was caught by rain (or water). Final: -ov.
See: -nha'en caught by snow.
-nha'san vai. bite in the right spot. -nha'sne. He bit in the right spot. See: -ahansan. -nha'ose vai. frostbitten. -nha'ose. He's frostbitten. nhhe p. there (distal; old in discourse). See: hnhhe; thhe; tshhe; nhhe. nhse p. whatever; any.Variant: nhso; nhse; naese. See: nhshma.
nhshma p. whatever; any.Variant: nhshma. nhxe- pv. quite awhile, not soon, not recently. Nsa-nhxevomhe. I had not seen him recently.
See: nonhxe-; the'e.
nhe p. Here! said when giving something to someone. See: nhe. nhe
pro. that (animate distal discourse deictic; referent assumed known to speaker and hearer). See: nhe; hne; na'hanhe. Nhe hetane that man (that you and I know about). naa tsstae=nh=hsexno ho'htsesttse -xanomtse nhe tsmhotaese and that he has
prepared a place there for those who love him (1987:165).
nhno
p. there (distal; old in discourse). See: nhhe; hnhno. nhno Jesus ts'eahtse'hsensthmhtetse over there (where?) Jesus has already prepared a place for
us.
-nheohts
vai. take the honored lead ?? -nhehtse. He had the honor of taking the lead. Usage: obsolescent. See: -v'ots. vs fai: -. See: Nha''ta.
-nhe'e vai. stand in front. an honored position. -nhe'e He's standing up front. Notes (Phonology) nhest- i. avoid, forbid. -nhest
vti. avoid s.t., abstain from s.t. -nhsta. He abstained from it. He'pa'onevtse ohkenhestnovtse. "Don't touch their (medicine people's) backs!". See: -nhest. vta: -nhestov. vai. vii. forbidden, taboo, avoided, abstained from. -nhestohe. It is forbidden / He is avoided. vta: -nhestov. See: -nhestn menstruate.
-nhestohe
nhst'e p. beyond; further on; in front of. that is, further on in front of, not foreground front, as in
maato. can be used as a functional command for someone to go further. Naa nhst'e x'o mhne'amenhe'hhe hp'e hne meo'o. And further on a skunk was following that same road. [Croft 1988:15:4-5] Antonym: h'hma. See: maato; tht'e.
-nhestn vai. menstruate; have period; be in moon cycle. Menstruating women had to follow certain
traditional customs such as staying away from the main group of the family, not serving food to a medicine man, etc. -nhestne. She is menstruating. ne-nhestne. She's in menopause (lit. she-stop-menstruating). sa'e-nhestnheo'o They are not menstruating yet. See: nhestohe; -nhest; -nhestov; -heht.
-nhestnevo'etahe vai. do something forbidden. -nhestnevo'etahe He did something forbidden

(or taboo).
-nhestov vta. avoid s.o. due to a taboo. for example, forbid s.o. from attending a meeting or from
doing something taboo; or, avoid s.o. out of respect, such as in certain kinship relationships. nhestovho. He avoids him due to a taboo. Nhestovoo'o! Stay away from him (delayed impv)! vti: -nhest. See: -nhestn; -e'hahtov; -hostomev; -heh; -ovhae'ov.
-nhests'v vai. prohibit wife, forbid wife. -nhests'va. He prohibits his wife (for example, won't
let her go anywhere). Medial: -'v; vta: -nhests'evot.
-nhests'evot
vta. prohibit s.o. (wife) from doing something; protect s.o. (one's spouse). usually toward a wife, but can be of a wife toward her husband; can include the idea of not allowing one's wife to do things out of jealousy. -nhests'evotho. He prohibited her (his wife) from doing things.
-nheem vta. expect certain behavior of s.o. ?? includes idea that the expectation is fulfilled; usually
means expecting that the person will do something bad. -nheemho. He expected him to turn out (some way) and he did (usually something negative). ?? -nheeme. He turned out exactly as expected (a kind of fatalistic thinking). Usage: obsolescing.
nahgo na. bear. Usage: This is a commonly used simplified spelling for nahkohe. It is easier to read, but it
obscures the relationship between the singular (nhkohe) and plural (nhkheo'o) of 'bear.' It is recommended that the more accurate spelling of nahkohe be used in Cheyenne language programs and printed materials.. Precise Spelling: nhkohe.
Nhkoestse na. (man's name) ?? Nhkh'e na. Bear Woman. Simplified Spelling: Nahka (seen on a license plate).
nhkohe
na. 1 bear.Pl: nhkheo'o. Holliman Spelling: na go bear; na ko yoo bears; Simplified Spelling: nahgo bear; nahkoyo bears; Obviative: nhkhho; Diminutive: nhkhso. See: nhko'e Mother!; vhphtsenhkohe grizzly bear. 2 Bear.
Nhkheamhne na. Walking Bear. Nhkhstso na. Bearquiver. Nhkhestse'henhe na. Bear Shirt. name by which Cheyennes called General Nelson Miles, for
whom Miles City, Montana, is named.
Nhkhehetane na. Russian.Literally: bear-person. so named because of bear robes they have often
been pictured wearing.Pl: Nhkhehetaneo'o.
Nhkheho'sta na. Fire Bear. Nhkheho'ose na. Bear Coal. call Kope in English, from mispronunciation of Coal Bear. Nhkhehoma na. Bear Robe. Nhkhehvhne na. Bear Animal. translation uncertain. -nhkhe'eme vai. bear growl. a Cheyenne way of building up courage for battle. -nhkhe'eme.
He growled like a bear. See: -na'e (??); -n'ot.
Nhkhemhtamhhe
See: mhtamhhe.
na.
Old
She
Bear.
man's
name.Literally: bear-old.woman.
Nhkhma'hahe na. Bearchum. See: nhkxhahketa; Mstaema'haahe.Variant: Nhkhma'hahe. Nhkhma'hahe na. Bearchum. See: Nhkxhahketa; Mstaema'haahe.Variant: Nhkhma'hahe. Nhkhema'hen'e na. Bear Medicine Woman. Nhkhema'ta na. Bearbow. apparently ma'ta is an obsolescent term for 'bow'. See: ma'tke. nhkhemattse ni. prunes. See: matse. Nhkhemeotse na. Bear Smell. Nhkhm'e na. Fightingbear. Usage: probably Nhkhm'stse is preferred ??. Notes (Phonology)
HL
Nhkhm'stse na. Fightingbear. Nhkhem'o na. Bear Trail. nhkhmxne ni. mountain mint.Literally: bear mint. Nhkhenaa''e na. Bear Doctor Woman. See: Khenaa''e?. Nhkhena'han'e na. Bear Kills Woman. Nhkhenxhe na. Bear Orphan. See: -nxheve. Nhkhenhnhe na. Lame Bear. -nhkhnome vai. sleep like a bear; sleep hard. Usage: apparently not a loan transl.. -nhkhnome.
He slept like a bear (=slept hard). fai: -nme. See: -naotse.
Nhkhenon'e na. Bear Sings Woman. Contracted: Khenon'e. Nhkheo'mxo'eha na. Bear Sole. Nhkheo'o hnvese vai. Four Bears. Nhkhes'e na. Bear Claws Woman. Masculine: Nhkhese. Nhkhese na. Bear Claws. Feminine: Nhkhes'e. See: Kheoso. Nhkhesvse ni. Bear Paw Mountains. located between the Missouri and Milk Rivers. Nhkhesme na. Groaning Bear.Variant: Nhkhesvme. See: -voam. nhkhso na. 1 bear cub; little bear.Pl: nhkhesono. Obviative: nhkhesono.
2 Youngbear. Simplified Spelling: Nahkoso (seen on a license plate). See: Nhkxhahketa.
Nhkhevee'e ni. Bear Tepee, Devil's Tower, Wyoming.Literally: bear-tepee. -nhkhvn vai. bear face. -nhkhvne. -nhkhveotse
vai. 1 become a bear. -nhkhveotse. He turned into a bear. naa tsxhnhkhveotsse and when he (Ice) took the form of a bear (1987:107). 2 become angry; flare up. to'se-nhkhveotse. He's about to flare up with anger. Usage: fig..
Nhkhevesta na. Bear ? (man's name). Nhkhvse ni. Bear Butte. a butte near Fort Meade, South Dakota. This is a different butte from
Nvvse. See: Nvse.
Nhkhevotonevstse na. Bear Tailfeathers. Nhkhma'heo'o na. Medicine Bear. a woman's name. Nhkhma'hen'e na. Medicine Bear Woman. -nhkhnho'he vai. gang-raped; sexually abused. This was a practice occasionally carried out when
a man wanted to punish a woman, typically his wife; he would take her "out on the prairie" where she would be gang-raped, typically by members of the man's soldier society; the men felt little pride later over the action (see discussion in Hoebel and Llewelyn??, The Cheyenne Way ??). -nhkhnho'he. She was gang-raped/"taken turns with" by several men. See: n'so'eeh; -peet.
-nhkhnho'n vta. gang-rape s.o. can be said of a man who puts a woman "out on the prairie" for
other men to gang rape her; he doesn't take part in the rape. -nhkhnho'nho He (had) her gang-raped. -nhkhnho'novo They (those doing the raping) gang-raped her. Obviative: Nhkhno'khtsese ( 31).
Nhkhno'kaestse vai. One Bear; Lone Bear. Nhkhnoo'stse na. Beartusk. Nhkhtamehtsstse na. Walking Bear. See: Nhkheamhne. nhkhtava'mentse ni. persimmons, dates. particularly wild persimmons in Oklahoma. Nhkhtava'meo'h'e ?? ni. Persimmon Creek. enters the North Fork Canadian River from the
south, near Fort Reno, Okla.
Nhkhtsva'eotsstse vai. Bear Turns Back. Nhkhtsvo'soo'stse vai. Playing Bear. Nhkhv'omaestse vai. White Bear. See: Vhpenhkohe. nhko'e voc. Mother! Nhko'asstse! Mothers (voc.)! Antonym: nho'e. See: n-hko'ehe; nhkohe. nhko'ehe na. my mother. See: /-hke/; heke; neko. Obviative: nhko'ehevaho. Nhkotanhtse ?? na. Bear Tailfeathers ?? Nhkxhaestse vai. Brave Bear. Nhkxhahketa
na. Little Bear. origin of Bearchum. See: Nhkhma'hahe; Nhkhso. Usage: translated incorrectly into English; should have been translated as Little Bear.
Nhkxha'ho'osstse vai. High Bear. See: He'mnhkohe. Nhkxhevaestse na. Yellow Bear. Nhkxhehe'stse vai. Bear Stands On Top. Nhkxh'hne na. Bear Comes Out. Nhkxh'hnstse vai. Bear Comes Out.Variant: Noxh'hnstse. Nhkxhovo'e'stse vai. Bear Stands In the Shade. See: hovo'heo'o. -naho sfx. imperative suffix for action on plural third person. Vovee-naho! Comfort them! Usage: Not
as widely used as -nano..Variant: -nano.
-nho'htsv
vta. 1 visit s.o. -nho'htsevo. He visited him.Variant: -nho'htsvho (used by younger speakers). Nho'-nho'htsevtse. H'tva nh-nho'htsveo'o! Come visit me sometime! See: -ho'ht; -ho'ohts. 2 die. Usage: fig., euphemism. va-nho'htsvho hevohestoto. He has gone back to visit his relatives (that is, when he has died). Ma'tanato namhta'soma tao'se-nh'htsevo ma'heo'o. When I die my spirit is going to visit (stay with?) God.
nhse p. whatever, any, anything. often occurs with enclitic =ham. Nhs-hma ee'xheestse.
He would say just any old thing. (often used in teasing).Variant: nhse; nhso; nhse; naeshame.
nhshma p. whatever, any, anything. Nhshma ee'xheestse. He would say just any old
thing. (often used in teasing). Nhshma mtnneehhe! His face must have been any old way! (a very funny saying).Variant: nhshma; nhshma; nhshma.
nhta'soma ni. my shadow, my soul.Variant: namhta'soma. See: mhta'soma. nhtme ni. my food. See: mhtme. nhtatamoo'o ni. my shoulder.Pl: nhtatamontse. younger speakers' pronunciation for plural nhtataneme na. my brother (of a woman). nht'khthe ni. my cane. See: h'khthe cane. nhtona na. my daughter.Variant: nahtona. See: hestnaho.Variant: nstona. Stem: -htnah.Pl: nhtnaho. nhtoo'o ni. my chin. See: -htoo'o. nhttse na. my pet.Pl: nhtotseho. Stem: -htotsh. Nhtovona
na. Eastern Sioux, Northern Sioux. some may use the term for Northern Sioux.Pl: Nhtovonaho. Obviative: Nhtovonaho.
nhtovo'tse ni. my ear.Pl: nhtovoottse. See: -htovo'tse. nhtse voc. daughter. See: -htona. nahtse ni. my mouth. See: ma-htse. nhtshtse ni. my possession, my thing. Stem: -htshtse. nhtse'eme na. my wife.Literally: my-woman. Usage: obsolescing. See: hestse'emo his wife. nhtse'ko ni. my leg.Pl: nhtse'kontse. See: mhtse'ko. nhts'oo'o ni. my elbow.Variant: nahts'oo'e. Pl: nhts'oontse. IndepNoun: -hts'oo'o.
na. my elbow. animate for some speakers.Pl: nhts'oono.
nhtse'tse ni. my neck. See: -htse'tse. nhtsnva ni. in my mouth. nhtsesto ni. my heel. Oblique: nhtsstne; Stem: -htsesto. nhtsstne ni. on my heel. na'ahtse ni. my forearm, my arm. includes the hand up to the elbow.Pl: na'htsentse. See: ma'ahtse. N'atshe'e na. (man's name) ?? -na'nohe vai. empowered, able. Nstavo'sehtse tshe'xvhto tshee-na'nhto I'll show you what I
can do. (SHOWUS.TXT). See: -nhethot.
na'stse p. one. By itself the word can mean something like 'there is a ', i.e. an existential without an
overt copula. na'stse h'e one woman. Na'stse tao'omeotse. There is a shortcut (for example, the Decker Road to Sheridan). Nhe V'enh'e naa na'stse, nee mhne'seotshehevhe. That Sweet Woman and another (lady), (these) two were brought in. (1987:57). Etymology: cf. *nekwetwi 'one'. Reduplicated: nonna'stse one by one. See: no'ka; naest-; naesohto.
na'stse ma'kaata ni. silver dollar.Literally: one metal. -na'v mbp. arm. See: -'ahtse 'hand/arm'. 'e-na'vxe. He broke his arm. ne-na'vhtse. He has
pain in the arms. hese-na'vaotse. He has cramps in his arms. Ma'ena'vhe Red Arm. tshe'se-na'va. He has long arms.
na'evo ni. my nose. See: -'evo; ma'evo. na'exa ni. my eye.Pl: na'xnstse. Oblique: na'xne, na'xno on my eye(s). -na'h vta. 1 kill s.o. See: -na'tn; -ne'to'na'h. -na'hho. He killed him. (taome)-na'hahtse. He killed
himself. 2 make s.o. sick from eating too much. N-na'haa'e. It killed me. N-na'haentse mentse. The berries killed me. -na'hahtse. He killed himself/fig. = he was sick (for example, from eating too many berries). Na'xeha! Kill him! Etymology: *ne'i. Notes (Phonology) stem-final /h/ has [x] allophone preceding /e/ vai: -na'han.
na'h- i. three. See: na'n-.Variant: na'he-. -na'ha vii. be three in number. not used with sg. subject. -na'hnstse there are three of them (inan.). na'ha p. three times, thrice. Holliman Spelling: na ha. See: na'he. Etymology: *ne'0enwi (Go88). na'ha eva obl. Wednesday.Literally: third day. na'ha ma'eeve vii. when it is Wednesday; on Wednesday. na'ha ts-ksa'hexovto vii. triangle. na'ha tsksa'hexovto vii. triangle.Literally: three that.which.is-sharp.(cornered?)-shaped ??. na'ha ts'eeve vii. when it was Wednesday. -na'ha'nt vii. be the third one. -na'ha'nto. It is the third one. ts-na'ha'nto the third one. na'hame na. my cross-niece. that is, daughter of my sister if I am a male, or daughter of my brother if I
am a female. Stem: -'hamehe. See: he'hameho.
-na'han count coup; kill. often translated as English 'kill', but actually is said to be more accurately
translated as 'count coup'; may have originally entailed literal killing, but typically counting coup involves only a symbolic killing, a touching of the body of the enemy, then quick departure, with prowess gained from the act of counting coup. See: -na'hanoohe; n'tomhesen. -na'hne He counted coup. Mona'hne Kills In the Morning. V'otsna'han'e Warpath Kills Woman. Taa'vena'han'e Kills Night Woman. vta: -na'h; Final: -an.
Na'han'e na. Kills Woman. -na'hanen vai. have three of a kind (in cards). N-na'hanne I have 3 of a kind. -na'hanoohe vai. count coup, kill quickly. -na'hanoohe. He counted coup. There was often some
kind of ceremony associated with this where a man's name would be changed. See: -na'han; o'eoestas.
-na'hnstse vii. 3 of them (inanimate). -na'hnstse. Na'hanvho na. Chief Kills. na'he p. three of, 3. See: na'ha thrice. Etymology: *ne'0wi. -na'he vai. 3; be three in number. not used with sg. subjects. -na'heo'o hetaneo'o. There are three men
(for example, there). ma'heo'o, mn-na'hehemehe? God, are there three of you? (a question asked once by an old Cheyenne man who thought the Trinity consisted of the following three: Jesus, God, and Amen!).
na'he- pv. three. -na'henmeneo'o 3 of them are singing. -na'hene'hheo'o They three (for example,
Trinity) are the same.
na'he'e ni. for three years. IndepNoun: a'e. -na'heanam vai. be three years old. -na'heanma He is three years old. na'h'e p. for three days. -na'heesoxa'ohe vii. hree rows of beads on the nose (of a moccasin). -na'heesoxa'hnstse They
have three beaded rows on the "noses". Medial: -es.
na'heesve'one ni. Medial: -es.hay fork. See: he'one.Literally: three-nosed-awl. -na'hee'ham vai. be three months old. -na'hee'hma He is three months old/she is three months
pregnant.
-na'hehasen
vai. Final: -hasen.three seeds up in seed-in-basket game. N-na'hehasne I got three
seeds up.
-na'h'v vai. Medial: -'v.have three wives. -na'he'va He has three wives. -na'heht'e vai. stand on three legs; be a tripod (esp. for a tepee). See: -nveht. 'enhovena'heht'e. after the tripod (for the tepee) was standing (1987:179). Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -2.
Na'heoshe na. Three Fingers. na'n- i. three. See: na'h-. Preverb: na'he-. Notes (Phonology) The /h/ of the preverb na'he- 'three' changes to /n/
preceding morphemes beginning with /o/.
-na'nehn vai. bear three children. See: na'he-. -na'nhne he/she bore three children. -na'noeme vai. cost three dollars. -na'noeme it/he costs 3. -na'nosen
vai. hang as three (for example, stars). naa hovehno tevo'h'se ohke-na'nosne hothkeo'o and some distance away there's three (more) stars hanging (1987:207).
na'nohto p. eight of. See: na'nhtoha 8 times. Etymology: cf. *ne'0wa:tah0wi ??. na'nhtoha p. eight times. See: na'nohto. -na'nhtoh vii. eight in number. not used with sg. subject. -na'nhthnstse They (inan.) are 8 in
number. ts-na'nhtha eight (of cards).
-na'nhthnstse vii. 8 of them (inanimate). -na'nhthnstse. There are 8 of them (inanimate). na'nhthe- pv. eight. -na'nhtheanma He is eight years old. na'nhth'e for eight days. -na'nhthnoeme vai. vii. cost eight dollars. -na'nhthnoeme it/he cost 8. na'nhthn'e p. eighty. na'nhthnve eight groups of. -na'nhthnxe'ohe vii. eight o'clock. -na'nhthnxe'ohe it's 8 o'clock. -na'nhtxe vai. be eight (an.) in number. not used with sg. subject. -na'nhtxeo'o there are eight
(an.).
na'n'e p. thirty. Etymology: *ne'0w- 'three' (initial) (Go88). na'n'e- pv. thirty. -na'n'eanme He is 30 years old. na'n'e hhthn'ka thirty-one times. -na'n'oeme vii. cost $30. -na'n'oeme. It costs $30. -na'no'tonohe vai. have three braids. not the normal style. -na'no'tonohe. He has three braids. -na'nvahe vai. be three; be the trinity. ma'heo'o -na'nvahe. God is three in personality. -na'nvav'an vai. say in three ways. Mhnena'nvav'anhhe. He explained himself those three
ways. [1987:53] fai: -'an.
n'nve p. three groups of . Final: -v. -na'nxe'ohe vii. three o'clock. -na'nxe'ohe. It's 3 o'clock. tsh-na'nxe'ohe when it was 3 o'clock. -n'san vai. warning growl. -n'sne. He (esp. dog) is growling a warning. vta: -n't. -n't
vta. snarl at s.o., growl a warning to s.o. esp. done by a dog; does not include a bite; it is growling to try to frighten away a person, or scare another dog away from his food. -n'oto. He snarled at him. -n't'e oekseho. He (prox.) was snarled at by the dog. N-n'ota. I was warned by his growl. vai: -n'san. See: -maet bark at s.o.; -hkonen' bare teeth.
na'pa'o ni. my back. na'pa'ne ni. on my back. See: ma'pa'o. -na's vai. miscarry. -n'se. She miscarried.
-na'sen
vai. kill (people). See: -na'h. -na'sne. He killed/fig. he overate. M'hkema'xho'hna'senhevhe netao'o hovhne. All the animals used to come over to kill (all the people).
(1987:247).
-na'sotse vai. miscarry. -na'sotse. She miscarried. See: -na'se; -henaa'e. na'sohtsstse na. stillborn child.Pl: na'shtseto. Obviative: na'shtseto. -n'so'eh vta. tease s.o., play tricks on s.o., rape s.o. general term; can be with actions; can refer to
sexual overtures or rape. -n'so'eeho. He raped her. -n'so'ehovo. They raped her (lit. teased/played tricks on her). ohketxe-n'so'eeho he'ho. He goes around messing with women. See: -n'so'em tease s.o.; -pet; -nhkhnho'he; -haenvem; -vstaenvem; -va''h rape s.o.; e'ho'h(n) rape s.o..
-n'so''e vai. raped; have tricks played on. -n'so''e. She (or he) was raped/had tricks played on.
Notes (Phonology) vs vta: -n'so'eh. See: -nhkhnho'he.
-n'so'em vta. tease s.o. (with words). -n'so'eemo. He teased him (with words). -n'so'emho.
(younger speakers' pronunciation0. See: -n'so'eh; -n'so'evo'sem; -haenvem.
-n'so'emetahe vai. tease; joke. This word seems to be about harmless, playful, teasing, whereas ttsetan is negative, making fun of. -n'so'emetahe. He is a teaser. Reduplicated: non'so'emetahe. See: -ttsetan; -t'hohtahe.
-n'so'emeth'heneve vai. be a person who teases. -n'so'emeth'heneve. He is a tease. n'so'eseo'o na. laughing stock.Pl: n'so'eseono. -n'so'estman vai. play tricks. -n'so'estmne. He plays tricks (for example, on people). owls
and Hevohe do this.
-n'so'ests
vti. waste s.t. includes acting unwisely toward s.t. -n'so'estse. He wasted it. Reduplicated: -non'so'ests.
n'so'eve- pv. to tease. hne mhmtshhe m'hkev'e-n'so'evevhehhe that (name) was given to
her, as a nickname to tease her (1987:21).
n'so'evevhesttse ni. nickname. -n'so'evo'sem vta. tease play with s.o. This is teasing in play or action. -n'so'evo'semho. He
teased him. See: -n'so'em tease s.o. with words; -vo'soo'e play.
-n'so'enohe vai. full, satiated. -n'so'enohe. He's full from eating. Ne-n'so'enhehe? Are you full
yet? Ne-n'so'enohe. I'm full already. N-n'so'enohe. I'm full. See: -ho'enhotse; hestomo'enohe; -nomono'enohe; -n'toot; -n'te'e. Final: -o'enohe. vta: -n'so'enot.
-n'so'enhooha'ov vta. fill s.o. quickly with food. Npop'ke-n'so'enhooha'oo'e. I got filled up
on just one sandwich. (humorous expression).
-n'so'enhotse vai. become full from eating. N-n'so'enhotse I'm full from eating. -n'so'enot
vta. satiate s.o., fill s.o. with food. -n'so'enotho. He fed him until he was full. Nn'so'enota. She fills me up. N'so'enotahtse! Fill yourselves! vai: -n'so'enohe. See: -pa'homev.
n'som- i. wither; stale. -n'somahe vai. stale, withered, played out, lacks energy. -n'somahe. He is stale; he has no energy.
can refer to being puny.
n'some- pv. i. withering. -n'someotse. It withered up (for example, flower). See: mo'hkon- ??. -n'somenehe vai. taste stale. -n'somenehe. He tastes stale (for example, fish). -n'someno'e vii. taste stale. -n'someno'e. It tastes stale. -n'someotse vai. vii. withered. See: -noneotse; -'eotse. -n'someotse. It withered. (for example, a
flower).
-n'som vii. withered; stale, played out, lacks energy. -n'smo. It (for example, lettuce) is withered. -n'taeh vta. startle s.o., spook s.o., scare s.o. -n'taehho. He startled (and scared) him. Nn'tho. I
spooked him. N-n'taeha. He startled me. See: -hanaeh; -s'hoveh.
-n'ta'ov vta. exhaust s.o., wear s.o. out. -n'ta'ovho. He exhausted him.
-n'ta'xne vai. exhausted from crying. -n'ta'xne. He was exhausted from crying. -n'te'e vai. full from drinking (or nursing). -n'te'e. He's full from drinking. See: -n'toot; n'so'enohe; -nontove'e; -ase'e; -mane; -n'tsee.
-n'tomhesen vai. count coup ?? -n'tomhesne. He counted coup. See: -na'han. n'tome- pv. nothing, with nothing ?? N-n'tomho'ehtse tsohkho'eohtsese? I came with nothing. n'tomhe'haa'e. He doesn't cough as much anymore. (BELONG IN THIS ENTRY??). See: vove-.
-n'tomehn vai. bear first child. -n'tomhne. She bore her first child. n'tomehnohtsstse
na. the oldest child; first child. n'tomehnhtseto his (or her) oldest child. See: ma'k'se; no'kehnohtsstse. he-
-na'tn vai. kill game, bag game. -na'tne. He killed. Nho'h-na'tnme. We brought back a kill.
Ne-na'tnehe? Did you bag game? Etymology: cf. M naeqtakae:w. vta: -na'h kill s.ol..
na'tnemh'o ni. slaughter house. na'tnetane na. butcher.Literally: slaughter-man. vai: -na'tn. na'tnev'ho'e na. butcher.Literally: butchering-whiteman. -n'toot vai. 1 full from nursing. can be from breastfeeding or nursing from a bottle. -n'toto. He
is full from nursing. 2 finish visiting with one's mother. Usage: humorous when used figuratively. See: -nne; n'so'enohe; -n'te'e.
-n'tva vai. exhausted from being in rain. -n'tva. He is so tired of being in the rain. Medial: -ov. -n'tose vai. cold. N-n'tose. I am cold. Final: -ose. See: -n'tsevo'ose; -ta'pose; m'se-. -n'tshahtvose vai. cold feet. N-n'tshahtvose. My feet are cold. Synonym: -toehahtohts. See: toehaht.
-n'tshe'onvose vai. have cold hands. N-n'tshe'onvose. My hands are cold. BodyPartMedial: he'on. See: -n'tose.
-n'tse'stvose vai. cold ears. N-n'tse'stvose. My ears are cold. See: -n'tose. BodyPartMedial: 'est.
-n'tsee vai. lie cold. -n'tse. He's cold lying (there). See: -n'te'e. -n'tsvomhtahe vai. have malaria.Literally: feel.cold-condition. -n'tsvomhtahe. He has malaria.
[PD]
The name came from having the chills during malaria attacks (PD).
-na'tvohe vai. beat child(ren), scold child(ren). This refers to beating of one's own child(ren). Striking
one's child for punishment is considered improper within Cheyenne tradition. Specific prohibitions against hitting your child were taught. Spanking, as done by non-Indians, is considered to be harsh and perhaps even cruel. Forms of Ch. discipline which have been permitted are verbal rebuke, scaring a child with frightening stories, and throwing water on a child. -na'tvohe. He beats his child(ren). fai: -vohe. See: -oom; -taa'.
-na'tvhoohe vai. beat child(ren). -na'tovhoohe He/she was spanking his/her child. n'tse- i. cold feet. N-n'tshahtvose. I have cold feet. See: -toehaht. n'tse- i. exhausted. See: m'se-. -na'ts vti. kill s.t. -n'tse. He killed it. -na'tsnvo. They killed it. vta: -na'h. -n'tsean vai. die in childbirth. See: -an. -n'tsene. She died in childbirth. can be a woman; cow;
dog; etc.
-n'tshahtvose
vai. have cold feet. N-n'tshahtvose. I have cold feet. BodyPartMedial: -haht; fai: -ose. See: -nae'hahtohts.
n'tse'stvose ears cold. -n'ts'ha vai. exhausted from flying. -n'ts'ha. He was exhausted from flying. -n'tse'hoohe vai. exhausted from flying. -n'tse'hoohe. He is exhausted from flying.
-n'tseohe vai. exhausted. esp. from physical activity such as running or boxing. Nhe'e mhnxxaen'tseohehhe. Then she was all played out. [1987:246]
-n'tseohts vai. be exhausted. mh-n'tseohtshhe She was played out (1987:246). -n'tseotse vai. become exhausted. -n'tseotse. He ran out of energy. -n'tsetan vai. heartbroken. for example, to die from loneliness for a lost loved one. -n'tsetno. He
is heartbroken. See: -ssveotse.
-n'tsetan'tov
vta. heart ache for s.o. -n'tsetan'tovho. He's lonely for him. See: -hons'ot; nhtsevtam. n=hom'e That beaver almost scared him (prox.) to death. (1987:277). Reduplicated: non'tsetanotse. See: -naeotse; -n'taeh.
-n'tsetanotse vai. faint. -n'tsetanotse. He fainted. (xh)to'se-n'tsetanotshoo'o tshn'taehaa'se
-n'tsevo'ee vai. fall exhausted, exhausted fall. -n'tsevo'e. He fell from exhaustion. Mhma'xenon'tsevo'enhevhe. They fell exhausted. [1987:246]
-n'tsevo'ose vai. have chills. -n'tsevo'ose. He has the chills. fai: -ose. na'xeha vta. Kill him! vta: -na'h. -na'xvaen
vta. 1 kill s.o. can refer to beating up one's (own) wife. faster action than na'h-. na'xvaenho. He killed him quickly. Mohkeema'xe-na'xvaenaehevovhe tsohkemhaeon'semo'ethvse. The (spirits' rattles) hit them (on the head), those who used
to believe that way. [1987:146] 2 whack; hit s.o. Usage: fig.. Final: -vaen. See: -na'h; -ne'enseh; -oom.
namhta'soma ni. my shadow, my soul.Variant: nhta'soma. See: mhta'soma. namme

na. my grandfather; my father-in-law. Holliman Spelling: nam shim; Vocative: nmeme; Stem: -mme; Feminine: nke'ehe.
nmeme voc. This is the pronunciation for speaking to your grandfather. The tones (pitches) are
diferent (namme) if you are talking about your grandfather.Grandfather!
IndepNoun: namme my grandfather.
-nameta vai. snort. for example, of a buffalo about to charge. -nameta. He snorted. See: -namhov. -namhov vta. feign a motion at s.o. -namhovho. He feigned a motion to him. See: -hov; -nameta. -nams
vai. lefthanded. -namse. He is lefthanded.Variant: -henams. Ma'xenmosstse. Etymology: *namanci (Pi) left side. See: henamssto;
Nms'hhe na. Left-handed Woman. nmosstse na. 1 left-handed person.

2 Lefty. See: Ma'xenmosstse; -henams.
-nan vti. recognize s.t. -nna. He recognized it. vta: -nanv. -nantan'tov vta. make up with s.o.; reconcile with s.o. Tsevaonse-nantan'tovho. He's going to
try to make up with him.
-nan fai. make. mhe-nne. He made houses. khkonhe-nne. She made bread. vti: -manests. -nanaht
vti. recognize s.t. by its sound. -nanhta. He recognized it by its sound. phvenanahtohe. It is easily understood. (lit. good-recognized). See: -nan'hta. tshoena'toese. (God) recognizes those who pray to him. [1987:203] Naa oha mstananahtovhevhe tsheenehvetsse hehme. But she recognized his voice, that it was (the voice of) her husband. [1987:296] See: -nanov.
-nanahtov vta. recognize s.o. by voice. -nanahtovho. He recognized his voice. -nanahtovho
nnehove vai. I am the one. See: -nehove. Nnehove ka'kne I am a child. -nanehe vai. paralyzed, stroke - have a. -nanehe. He had a stroke/he is paralyzed. See: nae-. -nan'aht vti. recognize s.t. by its taste. See: -nanaht. -nan'hta He recognized it by its taste. -nanmatht vti. recognize s.t. by its smell. -nanmathta. He recognized it by its smell.
nanso na. my child. Holliman Spelling: nii niss sso. nansonhaneo'o our (excl) children.Pl: nansoneho.
Stem: -nso. See: nenso your child.
-nanvah(n) vta. recognize s.o. (by touch or texture). See: -nanahtov. -nanvhnho He recognized
him by his texture (or touch or feel).
nanvsto
ni. glass, bottle. namely, a clear container. Nnvstva hv'ho'ttsnse hnova'etse. Something was in the bottle. [1987:55]Pl: nanvstnstse. Oblique: nnvstva.
-nanvstoeve vii. be glass. -nanvstoeve. It's a glass. nanvsv- i. clear; transparent. nanvsvetohko
ni. glass dish. some may glass' ??Pl: nanvsvethkontse. See: vetohko.
also
gloss
this
as
'drinking
nanvsvo'ho'ksnhnesttse ni. lamp.Literally: transparent(.glass)-light-NOM. -nanvsvoome

ho'stoome. vii. clear water. -nanvsvoome. the water is clean/clear/sparkling. Antonym: -
Nanvsvoomemahpe
Bridgeport, Okla.
Clear Creek. this is Deer Creek which flows into S. Canadian near
-nano sfx. imperative suffix for action on plural third person. Vovee-nano! Comfort them!Variant: naho.
nane- pv. go ahead; if you wish. shows attitute of speaker ?? Nanenheeha! It didn't kill her to say
that! / He's saying it now! (but refused to say it for a long time).
-nanohe vta. recognized. -nanohe. He (or it) was recognized. tssa-nanhehane ame'hahttse UFO (lit.
that which is not recognized flying-thing) (neologism). vta: -nanov.
-nanoht vti. recognize s.t. -nanhta. He recognized it. vai: -nanov. nnhts'e p. and also ?? See: naa. nno's- i. best. See: nno't-. nno'sepv. best; most. See: he-; hohe-; hehpe-; heme-. -nno'sephva'e It is the best. h'the tsnno'setotxsto the main thing she talked about (1987:12). ts-nno'setotxem
nno't- i. best. See: nno's-. -nno'tahe vai. most important, best, main one. -nno'tahe. He is the most important one. for instance,
this could be said of a tribal president. Naa mh-nno'thehhe amemohstva. And she was the best one at running. [1987:245] vii: -nno'tt. See: -ne'tahe.
-nno'tt vii. best. -nno'tto. It is the best. -nno't'an vai. pronounce strongest. -nno't'ne. He pronounced (something) strongest. ?? Taase
-nno'to'anstove? Which is the strongest (in pronunciation)? fai: -'an.
-nanomn
vai. make peace; peace - make.Literally: recognize. in a significant cultural way, to "recognize" s.o. is to make peace with him. -nanomne He made peace/he is a peacemaker. See: -nansan; -nanov.
Nanomne-eva Armistice Day.Literally: recognition("peace")-day. nanomnhe na. peacemaker; reconciler. Nanomn'e Peacemaker Woman.
na.
nanomnesttse
ni. peace; reconciliation.Literally: recognition. in the Cheyenne framework, to recognize someone is to be reconciled to them, i.e. make peace with them. See: nanovhtsesttse; he'kothesttse; ovna'xanesttse?.
-nannehe vai. uncaring. Usage: commonly used, but only with the negative. sa-nannhhe. He has
no pity/he doesn't care; lacks feelings of mercy; he'll go to any lengths to hurt s.o.; he doesn't give a damn. See: -m'emo'eh; -hov'hevtsest; -'xo'en'ts.
-nanohto'ha'ehn vai. walk very slowly. -nanohto'ha'hne. He's taking his time walking ; he's
walking very slowly.
nn'se p. slowly and carefully. -nansan vai. recognize (people). ohkeva-nansne. He forgives people (lit. he recognizes again).
vta: -nanv. See: -nanomn.
nanse'hame na. 1 cougar; mountain lion; lion; panther; tiger.Pl: nans'hme. Obviative: nans'hme.
2 Cougar; Mountain Lion.
nanse'hamso na. mountain lion kitten, baby cougar.Pl: nanse'hamsono. -nanseoneve vai. vii. recognized. -nanseoneve. He (or it) is recognized. See: -voseoneve. -nanov vta. 1 recognize s.o. -nanvhtseo'o. They recognize each other/they have made peace. nanovho. He recognized him. Notes (Phonology) vcpr vai: -nann; vti: -nanoht. Etymology: cf. M nena:we:w. N-nanehe? Did he recognize you? See: -nan; -a'xat; -he-vsenhe'tov; vonetan't. Etymology: *nena:we:wa I recognize him. 2 make peace with s.o.; reconcile with s.o. Usage: fig.. Ntava-nanvhtsmne! Let's recognize each other again! (that is, reconcile; forgive). -nanvhtsstove there is peace/there
is reconciliation. such reconciliation with another is typically shown by shaking hands; this cultural sign is a way of indicating forgiveness for which there is no single Cheyenne word.
nnvne ni. our (excl.) home. See: nnovane. Usage: obsolescing. -naoestoh(n) vta. stun s.o., knock out s.o. for example, swatting a fly but only knocking it out and it
recovers. Ntve-naoesthno. You stunned him.
noo
p. wow!; my! female exclamation. See: aa male exclamation. Notes (Phonology) may be lengthened for greater effectVariant: noo. naotsstse! Go sleep! This Cheyenne verb stem looks like it has the AI final -otse, but, if so, then -naotsotse has two -otse finals. Ta'se xaev'ne-naotse It's like he's just sleeping (esp. said of the way s.o. looks who is lying dead in a coffin). -naotho. He (obv, for example, his son) is sleeping. Phve-naotshne! Sleep well then! (said to more than one person). naotsvahe ?? Go to sleep! (something like a lullaby statement to a small child). fai: -nome. Etymology: cf. *nepe:wa vs. *nepa:wa.
-naotse vai. sleep. -naotse. He is sleeping. Nphve-naotse. I slept well. Naotsstse! Sleep! Th-
-naotsman vai. pretend to be sleeping. -naotsmne He's pretending to be asleep/he's playing

sleep. fai: -man.
-naotsotse vai. go to sleep. -naotseotse He went to sleep. -naotstan vai. want to sleep. N-naotstno. I want to sleep. Nohksa'ne-naotstanhe. I never
quit feeling sleepy. See: -nomoneotse.
-naotsvn vai. sleepy face. -naotsvne. He has a sleepy looking face. -naotsvsan
vai. wear night clothes, wear a nightgown, wear pajamas. -naotsvsne. He's wearing night clothes. fai: -san2.
naotsvo'keha ni. slipper.Literally: sleep-shoe. Pl: naotsvo'khantse. -naotsevomhtahe

vai. feel sleepy. probably not of ordinary drowsiness but rather of a deeper condition such as spring fever. -naotsevomhtahe He feels sleepy (for example, has spring fever).
Noxh'hne na. Bear Comes Out. See: nhkohe.Variant: Nhkxh'hne. Noxh'hnstse na. Bear Comes Out. See: nhkohe.Variant: Nhkxh'hnstse. ns'e na. my sister; my friend. See: -vse'ho ??. nsemhe na. my younger sibling. See: -vsem ??. Nsemhe younger sibling (voc.). Nsemhasstse
younger siblings (voc.).
nstona
na. my daughter. Usage: pronuncation alternate of some younger speakers today; the historically more commonly used form is nhtona.Variant: nhtona.
natone ni. my belly. natsnota na. my cross-nephew. that is, son of my sister if I am a male, or son of my brother if I am a
female.
navhoname na. my chief. IndepNoun: veho. naventse ni. my camp, my home. See: nnve; nvne; -ventse. naveo'o na. my co-wife. This is a woman who is also a wife to my husband. See: hevono. navtva ni. my body. navtove
ni. my body. Usage: obsolescing. The older form of this word was ntove, whic is now archaic.Variant: ntove. Stem: -vtove.
navxaho na. my grandchildren.Variant: nxahe. newer pronunciation than nxahe. navoesttse na. my dress. Possessive: -voesttse. navhkha'e ni. my hat. IndepNoun: hhkha'e. navhto na. my pants. a single pair.Pl: navhtoho. See: -vohto. navo'stanmasstse
vo'stanem. na. my people. Criers would use this word to address the people. See: -
navo'staneme na. my person.Pl: navo'stanemo. The plural means 'my family.'. navo'ota ni. my choker. Stem: -vo'ota. nvohestonne na. our relative. Stem: -vohestot. nvohestoto na. my relatives. Stem: -vohesttse. navohesttse na. my relative. navohestoto my relatives. Stem: -vohesttse. navxeono na. my socks. Stem: -vxeo'o. nxhthpeo'o
na. reptile. Usage: translation as 'reptile' uncertain.Literally: slimy/slipper one ??. Pl: nxhthpeono. Obviative: nxhthpeono.
nxne na. my maternal uncle. This is one's mother's brother. See: -ehe. n-xne voc. my maternal uncle (voc.). nxne na. my maternal uncle. See: -eh maternal uncle. -n1 sfx. abstract AI final. oxa'h-ne. He's beading. hothkhth-ne. He's making a star design.
Some other finals appear to include this abstract final, such as -san and -man. See: -san; man.
ne-
pro. second person possessor prefix. Etymology: *ke-. etymological note: Ch. /n/ here does not
directly reflect PA *k (contra Leman (1980:46.316-318)), rather, the k passed through a stage, which I. Goddard (1988:345-60) describes and calls "yodation", to ky, then the k deleted, leaving y which the Ch. /n/ does reflect (??). Several other entries exemplify yodation, also, for example, netse 'eagle' < *keliwa; nh(e)- 'wipe' < kesii-; nehp- 'obstruct' < *kep-; ne'to'se 'eyetooth' < *ke'ta:pici; -nsom'ta 'it's hot liquid' < *keya:kamete:wa; -netse'e 'he lied' < kelo:0kiwa; na-nstne 'my knee' < *neketekwa. (See entry -oh(n) for discussion of another source of Cheyenne /n/.). ne-nso your child. ne-mhenvo your (pl) house. See: n- 2; na1PS.
-ne sfx. segment which appears as a reflex of PA *n in the history of Cheyenne and which does not
appear in many verb forms. It has the allomorph -n in some forms. See: -n; -n. ma'o-nevotse? Are the (inan) red?
-ne num. TA suffix for first person inclusive plural. Nvomae-ne. He saw us (incl). n- pro. second person prefix. The vowel is whispered if this prefix precedes future tense; otherwise, it is high
pitched, n-. N-stavhsevomtse. I'll see you again later. M-nstsenomne? Will you drink something hot? See: n- 2; ne- 2PS.
-ne num. TA suffix for first person exclusive plural. Nvomane. He saw us (excl). See: -ne 1/2PL. -n sfx. attributive and surprisal suffix for II verbs. see discussion of the surprisal under -ho. hoo'khnse. They say it's raining. phva'-neho! It's good (surp.)! Mhaementse xxaetshet'a'hnsesttse. Corn was really waving.
n- pv. backward referring deictic preverb. See: nhe; -neh. Antonym: ts-. N-nhesta I am that (already
mentioned) way. N-nhto (cf. nhto 'I told him') I told him that (previously mentioned).
n- pro. second person verb prefix. The vowel is whispered if this prefix precedes a future tense form. Nmanehe? Did you drink? N-phvho'sme. You (pl) danced well. Etymology: *ke-; cf. O giin. See: n- 2; ne- 2PS.
-ne num. first person plural inclusive suffix for TI verbs.Variant: -n. Nvohtano-nstse. We (excl) saw
them (inan). See: -n.
N'ee
vta. thank you. This is a full transitive verb, used to tell a single hearer "thank you.". N'emeno. Thank you (from more than one person to more than one person). vai: -'eh. ts'hkeamhho'soo'se hnhhe. He's the one who See: hena'hanhe; na'hanehe; naa'hanhe; nev'hanhe; ns-.
nea'hanhe pro. he is the one (proximal; old information); here he is. Pl: nea'hanevhe. Nea'hanhe
danced there. (1987:48).
nea'hanevhe
pro. they are the ones (proximal; old tsnxhmeotaetsee'e those are the ones who are Singular: nea'hanhe.
information). naa nea'hanevhe coming to fight us (1987:21).
na'hanehe
pro. here he is (proximal; old information). See: nea'hanehe; tsa'hanehe; na'hanehe. Notes (Phonology) contraction of nea'hanhe Initial: vote for, choose s.o. (esp. to choose for a specific task). 2 nominate s.o. -neho. He nominated him. m'-neho. He nominated him. (lit., he-appearstand.up-him). N-nho. I chose him (for example, to do a special job).
-nh vta. 1 stand up s.o. See: -ne'tov. vai: -n'e.
-nh vii. stand; be at. nhma'xeete-nehanevtse ma'xemen'stse there were a lot of plum bushes
(1987:288). vai: -n'e.
-nehove
vai. be the person; be the one. These fully inflected verb forms are similar to emphatic pronouns. -nehove. He is the one. N-nehove. I am the one. N-nehove Vesta'e. I am White Buffalo Calf Woman. (1987:32). N-nehvehe? Are you the one? naa taome-nehove Well, it's HIS life (for example, he has to take the consequences of his actions, no one can tell him what to do). Msthne'enovhevhe a'e hsstse tsh-nehvvse. They found out about them, near, (that they were just like) them. [1987:3] Nv'enheve tsh-nehvvse I did it for them (for example, a mother typically would say this about doing something for the sake of her children). tsh-nehvto as for myself. ma'heo'o mnmtaehhe tsxhoena'toese tshhe tshnehvevo. God gave it to me when people prayed to him for my sake. [1987:203] tsh-nehveto as for you. tsh-nehovse as for him. tsh-nehvtse as for us (excl. and incl.). tsh-nehvse as for you (pl). tsh-nehvvse as for them. It appears that Cheyennes do not refer to themselves in the third person, as can be done sometimes in English and some other languages. vta: -nehvem. See: -nev'eve; taamhe; ns-; -hov'eve; nea'hanhe.
-nehve'tov vta. represent s.o. N-nehv'tvo. I am representing him. vai: -nehove. -nehvem vta. identify s.o.; declare s.o. to be the one. N-nehvmo I identify him/declare him to be
the one. vai: -nehove.
-n'e vai. stand (position); stop; be at. that is, to stand in place, not the process of standing up. -n'e.
He was standing. Nonn'e n'e. A rainbow is standing. Amho'hhe n'e. The car is standing (there). Mstaohke-nehevhe htaneotstsesstse heke. They would stop whenever her mother would have a contraction. (1987:26). Notes (Phonology) vs vta: -ne'tov. See: -neotse; -nhove' stand (process); -ame'e stand. Antonym: -amnoo'e.
n've na. the couple (that is, the husband and wife). See: nenso; nhe. Usage: obsolescent. nee'ha na. your son. Stem: -e'hah. nee'phehe na. crane, heron. See: ne'pottse. This word was used to tease ?? bedwetters with a phrase
something like nee'phehe nxae; maybe it was supposed to help cure the bedwetting ??
-n't vti. stand up to, be in charge of, do with reference to s.t., take the blame for s.t. -n'ta. He
stood up to it; he stood against it; he's the one that did it; he's in charge of it. mhe-n'ta. He did it all; he's in charge of it all now (for example, so now I can do whatever I want, not having the responsibility he now has). me'thee-n'ta. He should stand (for example, live; be) like this. Hotse'hesttse ... tseephve-n'tnvo. (I prayed that) they will perform their jobs well. (1987:99). Naa h'e nee'estahe n'hkhetno hothtse mxho'nxaephve-n'tmo. And maybe I used to think, "I am already baptized," but I had not fully attained good standing.
not mature?). [1987:195] Nhovene'tamentse naa saxae-n'the. Naa nne'vhne'tamentse. I mistakenly depended on him and he did not do what he said (lit. did (was not stand to it). And I would not again depend on him. (that is, he disappointed me). Nsaknomenhevhe, oha nhtanen'ta. Even though I did not do it, I will take the blame for it. vta: -n'tov.
-n'tsan vai. represent, speak for. -n'tsne. He's representing.Variant: n'tsen. -n'tsen
vai. represent, speak for. h'tavhsenhee-ne'tsenvhtse ta'se nhhe mtan'a'hanhe. When they come to this topic again, like, there's something included that is not good. (1987:211).Variant: -n'tsan. vta. stand beside s.o., represent s.o. -ne'tovho. He stood by him/represented him (for example, in court). Nvse-n'tvo I'm standing with/for him. Th-nee'toveha he'pa'ne! Go stand behind him! vai: -n'e. See: -nh; -vsem.
-n'tov
neeme'sepv. plain, bare, nothing. See: xamae-. -neeme'semese ho'vohktse He ate the meat plain
(there was nothing on it). -neeme'semese. He ate it by itself (for example, eats cheese with nothing else). -neeme'sho'hne. He came with nothing. Otaxa -neeme'sev'ho'tanoo'o. They just think like white people. (STORIES.TXT).
-neeme's vii. plain, bare. -neem'so it's plain/there's nothing on it. -neeme't vii. be by itself. -neem'ta. It's there by itself. -neeme'tva'ee -nenh(n)
vai. lie on bare ground. -neeme'tva'e v? He was lying on bare ground. See: pnoma'een. fta. send s.o., command s.o. requires an initial, often a relator initial. Nhtatheenenhenme ve'e xh'ta They told us to go to a certain tepee, it was there. (1987:28). nhhe nnhee-neenhno I told him to go over there. nhhe nhee-neenhno I told him to go over there. Nthee-neenhno. I sent him over there. m'vhe-neenhnhevhe He commanded him to go out. See: /-ma/.
-nene'oht vii. frost (dew??) on the ground. -nene'hta. There is frost on the ground/the grass is
frozen (??). See: -nene'o'e.
-nene'o' vii. grass be wet. See: -nene'oht. -nene''e ?~ the grass is wet. nenso na. the children. See: n've; nhe; -nso. Usage: obsolescing.Pl: nensono. -neotse vii. vai. stand. staosane-neotshoo'o. So she just stood there where she was. See: -n'e. -nestoo'o na. pet. small animal, esp. a bird. A larger pet (esp. horse, but also dog or cat) has the possessive
stem -htotsh. na-nestoo'o my pet bird. na-nestono my pet birds. he-nestono his pet bird(s). he-nestonhevho their bird(s). See: -htotsh. Notes (Phonology) vs
-nsts vti. stand up s.t. Nhtava-nstse I stood it back up. [FAMILY.TXT]Variant: -n't. -nt vii. stand (position); parked. -nto. It is parked (there) (lit., standing, for example, a car). -s'nto naamho'hesttse. My car is still there (lit. my car is still standing). vai: -n'. See: -ho't.
-netho'ham
vai. pasture livestock. -netho'hme. He put his horses out to pasture.Variant: neto'ham. nethe'ham.
-neto'ham vai. pasture livestock. N-neto'hme I've got my horses pastured (over there).Variant: neto'hamma'kaata ni. lease money.Literally: pasture-livestock-money. neto'hamma'kaatnstse ni. lease money.Literally: pasture-livestock-monies. See: ma'kaata. -nev'eve vai. Who is/are ? N-nev'eve? Who are you? -nev'evsesto. I wonder who they are.
See: -nehove; nevso; nvhe; -hov'eve.
-neevvoo'kohe
vai. wipe up poop.Variant: -neevvoo'ohe. -neevvoo'kohe. He wiped up after defecating. Hov'he nmathta; h'e nsa-neevvoo'khhe. I smell something; maybe you didn't wipe up. (can be said to tease a brother-in-law). vta: -neevvoo'koh(n). vta. wipe up poop of s.o. can be said about wiping up a dirty baby. neevvoo'khnho. He wiped him up after he pooped.Variant: -neevvoo'oh(n). See: -nhoh(n); nhe'sh(n).
-neevvoo'koh(n)
-neevvoo'ohe -neevvoo'oh(n)
vai. wipe up poop.Variant: -neevvoo'kohe. -neevvoo'ohe. He wiped up after
defecating.
vta. wipe up poop of s.o. can be said about wiping up a dirty baby. neevvoo'hnho. He wiped him up after he pooped.Variant: -neevvoo'koh(n). See: -nhoh(n); nhe'sh(n). metsstse Give it to me! Nx-hstnhtse! Bring it to me! Ns-ta'ta'enomevemenoo'o he'ntoo'o Open (mediate) the door for us! Nx-hstnhtse! Bring it to me! Nx-hnhtse! Pray! Nxh'hma closer/on this side (nearer speaker). Antonym: ta-. See: neh-.
nh- dir. toward. Notes (Phonology) the high-pitch is used when this morpheme is used in commands Nh-
-nh nh-
vta. suckle s.o., nurse s.o., breastfeed s.o. -neho. She nursed (breastfed) him. Etymology: *no:nle:wa. vai: -nne. See: -nh; -nhov; -nstovohe; -nnt; -nnom. pfx. conjunct prefix. nh-nvse both of them. Nh-no'khto I alone. Nstxtse all of us. Nstxvse all of them (an.). forms; usually low pitched in indicative forms (does this rule need to be reformulated?; another possible rule statement: high-pitched when this is the first voiced syllable of a word (but there are even a few counterexamples to this). -nxho'hne. He walked in/he arrived. -ne'amhtohe. He (for example, thunder) is approaching hollering. -nstsheta'hhtse. He threw it toward here (that is, toward the speaker). Nstshe'oestse! Come here (sg)! -nhvonotse'ohe He worked through the whole night. Antonym: ta-. See: nh-. Etymology: cf. *pye:t- 'hither (root)'.
nh- dir. toward. allomorphs nex-; ne'-; nes-; ne-; vowel is high pitched in imperative forms and some indicative
nh- i. quickly, soon. Preverb: nhe-. -nhah'ne. She fixed food early. -nh vti. chase s.t., follow s.t., pursue s.t., track s.t. for example, a trail. -nha. He chased it/he
followed it (for example, trail). vta: -nhov. See: -nhe'ov; -nh; -nheoh't; -nhe'.
-nhaneh(n) vta. wipe tears of s.o. N-nhanhno. I wiped his tears. -nhanehno. He wiped his
tears. BodyPartMedial: -n. See: -nhohen wipe.
-nhann vta. wipe eye(s) of s.o. -nhanenahtse. He wiped his (own) eyes. -nhah'en vai. cook fast, cook food early, cook quickly, quickly cook. -nhah'ne. She fixed food
sooner than usual; she cooked fast. fai: -ah'en.
nhahtsenhesttse
na. napkin.Literally: wipe-mouth-thing. pronunciation)Pl: nhahtsenhestoto. Obviative: nhahtsenhestoto; See: nhe'onxesttse. vta. wipe mouth of s.o. Nhahtsenhestsstse! Wipe your mouth! -nhahtsenhestse.
(younger speaker BodyPartMedial: -ahtsen.
-nhahtsenh(n)
He wiped his (own) face.
-nh'en vai. cook quickly. -nh'ne. She's cooking quickly. -nha'o't vti. track s.t. -nha''ta. He's ftrying to grab it as it's going. nham- i. sneak up. -nhama'ov
vta. sneak up on s.o. -nhama'ovho. He sneaked up on him. Mstaosanetenhama'ehevhe hehme. Her husband sneaked up on her. (1987:252). See: -nhameoha'ov.
-nhameoha' vti. wait for s.t. while hiding. Mstaohke-nhameoha'hhe. He would wait for (the fat).
(Croft 1988:18).
-nhameoha'ov vti. approach s.o. indirectly; sneak around to contact s.o. -nhameoha'ovho. He's
indirectly approaching him. See: -nhama'ov.
-nhameohe vai. approach unseen; sneak up. -nhamehe ?~ He approached unseen/he sneaked up. -nhametan vta. take a chance. N-nhametno. I'm taking a chance. -nhametno. He's taking a
chance. with this quality a person is willing to take a risk.
-nham'ne vai. make excuses, beat around the bush. -nham'ne. He's beating around the bush /
he's making excuses.
nhamose ni. hillside. Oblique: nhamse on the other side of the hill; Final: -ose. See: hohose. -nhan vti. wipe s.t. -nhna. He wiped it.
vta. wipe s.o. -nhanho. He wiped him. va-nhanho. He wiped him off (for example, by a medicine man, so something bad, such as bad luck, will not stick to his body). See: nh(e)-; nhoh'o; -hxe'an.
nhe-1 pv. quickly; sooner than usual; early. Initial: nh-. See: neve-; -oest; mne-. to'se-nheamhne
He's just about to walk (for example, to learn to walk). nhe-nha'na. He caught on quickly. ohke-nhea'xaamotse He easily (or quickly) cries. -nhemsehe He ate sooner (for example, before other people ate, or before the regular time). -nheka'a'xe He (or she) made movements in copulation (at orgasm?).
nhe-2 pv. i. follow; chase. -nhevo'stanheve'tovho Ma'heneva He lives for God (that is, follows
after God as he lives). -nheoh'tovho He chased him. vta: -nheoh'tov.
nh(e)- i. wipe. nhe'onxesttse napkin (lit. wipe-hands-thing). nhvhonesttse towel (lit. wipe-faceNOM). nhahtsenhesttse napkin (lit. wipe-mouth-thing). -nhhtsenhestse. He wiped his (own) mouth. -nhe'hahtxe He wiped his feet. -nhha. He wiped it. -nheeshestse He wiped his (own) nose. -nheevvoo'koestse He wiped up (after defecating). nhoheo'o dish towel ? (lit. wiping (thing)). Etymology: *kesii-.
nhe pro. that; those. animate demonstrative used to refer to a previously established entity within a
discourse. This particle, as well as its deictic parallel ts'the, can be used alone to avoid saying someone's name, for example, if you, as speaker, are mad at them and therefore don't want to say their name; with nhe the referent is not present at the speech act (with ts'the, he is). See: nhe; ne-; hne; ts'the; nea'hanhe; ns-. often cliticizes to a following word, losing its word-final /he/: n=hetane that man. n=na'stse the other one (an.). M=nhe? You mean that one (referred to)? Inanimate: hne.
-nhee'e vai. mature fast. See: -ee'e. Antonym: -nvee'e. -nhee'e He matured fast. Notes (Phonology) vs -nhee'e vai. grow fast. -nhee'e. He's growing up fast. See: -ee'e. -nheneh(n) vta. wipe face of s.o. -nhenhestse. He wiped his (own) face. -nheesh vta. wipe nose of s.o. -nheeshestse. He wiped his (own) nose. Nheeshestsstse! Wipe
your nose! Nheesheha! Wipe his nose! See: nhe'eemsn.
-nheesn vta. wipe nose of s.o. -nheesnahtse He wiped his (own) nose. -nheevvoo'kohe
vai. wipe up poop. -nheevvoo'koestse He wiped up (after defecating). nheevvoo'kohe. He wiped up (after defecating). Th-nheevvoo'koestse! Go wipe up!Variant: -neevvoo'kohe. See: -nhe'sh. See: -nhe'xanh.
-nhehaneh vta. wipe eye(s) of s.o., wipe tears of s.o. -nhehanhestse. He wiped his (own) eyes. -nhe-he vai. say that (anaphoric). N-nhehe Did you say that? See: -heve; xo-. -nhe' vti. follow s.t.; track s.t. (esp. a trail). -nh'a. He followed it. (for example, a road). Nhkohe
mstaamenhe'hhe meo'o. The bear was following a road. (Croft 1988:15:3). vta: -nhe'ov, nhov. See: -nho'eth't; -nh.
-nhe'htsenh(n) vta. wipe mouth of s.o. -nhe'htsenhestse. He wiped his (own) mouth.Variant: nhahtsenh(n). Usage: This is the less common pronunciation..
-nhe'eemsn vta. wipe nose of s.o.Literally: wipe-snot-s.o.. -nhe'eemsnahtse. He wiped his (own)
nose. Nhe'eemsneha! Wipe his nose! See: -nhe'eesh(n); -he'eem.
-nhe'eemsohts
vai. have a runny nose. faster discharge than -he'eemhsohts. nhe'eemshtse. He has a runny nose. See: -he'eemsohts. BodyPartMedial: -'eem. See: hoxees.
nhe'eemhestottse na. handkerchief. -nhe'eesh(n) vta. wipe nose of s.o. N-nhe'eeshno. I wiped his nose. Nhe'eeseha! Wipe his nose!
See: -nhe'eemsn.
-nhe'hahe vai. so old; such age. -nhe'ahe. He is of that age. [1987:99] Notes (Phonology) contracts to
-nhe'ahe
-nhe'hoht
vai. be gone that long. -nhe'hhta. He was gone that long. See: -nhe'hoo'e; he'hoht; -ha'hoht.
-nhe'ho'ost vii. be so high; be so tall. Mho'nh-nhe'ho'osta ? mxhehphe'ho'osthanhe.

(The pit) wasn't so shallow (that a deer could jump out), it was much higher. (1987:95).
-nhe'hoo'e vai. stay this long. -nhe'hoo'e. He stayed this long. See: -nhe'hoht; -ha'hoo'e; tne'hoo'e.
-nhe'nehe vai. taste this way. -nhe'nehe. He tastes that way. See: -tshe'nehe. -nhe'enestse vai. speak language that way. -nhe'enestse He speaks a language that way (some way
mentioned in preceding discourse). Final: -nestse.
-nhe'ohts'tov
vta. follow s.o.; trail s.o.; track s.o. naa nonhpa nhhe nstsenheeasenhe'ohts'tovme So then there you (pl) will trail me that way. (1987:311). See: -nhe'ov.
-nhe'sh vta. wipe anus of s.o. -nhe'shestse. He wiped his (own) anus. Usage: perhaps neologism;
more common is -neevvoo'koh(n). See: -neevvoo'koh(n).
-nhe'svon vai. have such a long face. nexa hmhtshnstva ts-nhe'svonstse two tepees
long-faced (funny phrase said once by a lady related to a long- faced man whom she wished to shame for having beaten his wife; it means something like: "his face is so long he could pitch two tepees on it"). BodyPartMedial: -n.
-nhe'es vai. so long, that long; so far, that far. See: -ha'es. -nhe'so It is that far/it is so long. -nhe'sth vai. have such a heart. h'the tshe'so -nhe'sthao'o this how long it is, their hearts
are like that (1987:146).
-nhe'stsee vai. lie that way. This is a traditional way to end a story. Naa -nhe'stse. And that's
the way (the story) is. [1987:262] Mtaome-nhe'stenhhe v'ho'e. I guess that's the end of this story about the whiteman. [Croft 1988:28:16]
nhe'e- pv. that amount of time; so long in time. No'ka e'hva -nhe'homhtahe. He has been
sick one month.Variant: nhe'xve-. See: he'e-.
-nh'v vai. track wife, follow wife. This is considered humorous, probably since it is against the
cultural norm. -nh'va. He followed/trailed his wife. Medial: -'v.
-nhe'xanh vta. wipe eye(s) of s.o. -nhe'xanhestse He wiped his (own) eye(s). See: -nhhaneh. -nhe'hahtxe vai. wipe feet. -nhe'hahtxe. He wiped his (own) feet. BodyPartMedial: -haht. -nhe'hanotse vai. eat quickly. -nhe'hanotse. He ate quickly. Final: -e'han. -nhe'oesem vta. say that to s.o. -nhe'oesemho. That is what he said to him. -nhe'ohts vai. go there (old location in discourse). -nhe'htse. He went there. Nta-nh'htsema!
Let's go over there! See: -tshe'ohts; -he'ohts; -h'ohts; -nhe'otse.
-nhe'onh(n) vta. wipe hands of s.o. N-nhe'onhno. I wiped his hands. Nhe'onhestsstse! Wipe
your hands! Nhe'onxstse! Wipe your hands! See: -nhe'onh(n).
-nhe'onxe
vai. wipe hands. See: -nhe'onh(n). -nhe'onxe. He wiped his (own) hands. Nhe'onxstse! Wipe your hands! na. napkin.Literally: wipe-hands-thing. Pl: nhe'onxstoto. See: nhahtsenhesttse. Medial: -he'on. vta. follow; track s.o. See: -nhe'ot; -nhe'ov. hp'e mhne'eamenhe'oohts'tovhevhe hehamevho likewise they followed their husbands (1987:51). naa h'tva 'hkho'otsnse amhomhtsesttse hva h-nhe'oohts'tovosstse vo'stanho naa mto hva tshovneehtsese and sometimes he would use a mirror when he would track
nhe'onxesttse -nhe'oohts'tov
down people or those who had died (1987:108).
-nhe'oot
vta. cause climax for s.o., cause orgasm for s.o. -nhe'ootahtse. He's causing his own orgasm (masturbating). See: -nhe'otse; -nheta'ham. nhov; -nhe'ov; -nhe'ohts'tov.
-nhe'ot vta. track s.o. that is, follow the tracks of s.o. -nhe'otho. He tracked him. [1987:43] See: -nhe'otse vai. climax; ejaculate; orgasm. can be of either a man or woman. -nhe'otse. He/she had a
climax. vta: -nhe'oot. See: nhe'otsesttse; -ameotse; -ho'am; -nheta'ham; -he-veve; -hests'eme; -phvomotse.
-nhe'otseh
vta. guide s.o. there. -nhe'otshho. He guided him there. Tsheephva'e nhe'otemeno! Guide us to the right way! See: -ameotseh; -ne'evotseh; -nhe'ohts; nhtho''h. stovo'ho'e. This drymeat and this fat, take it there to the middle of the camp! (1987:262).
-nhe'otsests vti. take s.t. there. H'the honvhko naa h'the vetke nhhe ta-nhe'otsstsstse -nhe'ov vta. track s.o., follow s.o. -nhe'ovho. He followed his tracks. Hevohe n-nhe'ova. The
Devil is tracking me (an expression for having bad experiences). [1987:282] See: -nhov; -nhe'; -nhe'ot; -nhe'ohts'tov; -h'e'ov; -nom'ot.
nh'e p. then, Stop!, That's all. Can be used as a functional command for 'Stop!', but probably not as
strong as the English command 'Stop!' is. It is also used as a traditional ending for a prayer. Today it is used for future sequencing as well as sequencing in the past, as in English "then". We do not know if future sequencing was permitted in the past with this particle. Nh'e hthtse? Then what? M-nh'e? Shall we go? See: nhe'xvva; th'e; he'e-; nheta'e; neohe.
-nhe'xvahe vai. be that way. -nhe'xvahe. He is that way. -nhe'xvatam vta. think less of s.o. novse -nhe'xvatamho he'ho He thinks less of women (for
example, treats women as less important than males). Notes (Phonology) hpo
-nhe'xove vii. of such (aforementioned) time. tsthsho'-nhe'xove next (in time) (lit. when again
came (or comes?) the time). ma'xetnsthe'e onthvhstnva mta-nhe'xvhanhe as it has been for many ages and many generations in time (1987:100). H'e naeshthn'e'e hehpeto ta-nhe'xove namme nhtatshe'htseha thto'e. Perhaps more than sixty years ago my grandfather took me out on the prairie. [1987:177]
nhe'xve-
pv. be such degree; such amount of time. -nhe'xvhoh'ta tsohkxaenonovenoeseohastvvse. It's so hot that they (testicles) are left behind (stuck on a chair when you stand up). -nhe'xvetonto tsohkxaephoeenvse. It's so cold that they (testicles) hang up close (to the body). See: nhe'e-.
-nhe'xve'hahotse vai. become of such age. Ntaeto'se-nhe'xve'hahotse I'm almost up to that

age. [BERTHA.TXT]
-nhe'xveotse vii. time came quickly. nhe'xvva p. then; at that time (previously established in discourse). See: tshe'xvva; nhe'e. -nhematm vta. trail s.o. by smell. -nhematomo He (for example, a dog) is trailing him by his smell. -nhematne vai. trail by smell. -nhematne He (for example, dog) trailed by smell. -nhemohe vai. fast pace. -nhemohe. He ran with a fast pace. fai: -mohe; Antonym: -nvemohe. -nhemos vai. do housework quickly. -nhemse. She does housework quickly. See: -mos. nhno p. there (proximal; old in discourse). See: nhhe. -nhenome vai. sleep quickly. N-nhenome I went to sleep right away. fai: -nme. -nhenomeotse fai. go to sleep right away. Nohke-nhenomeotse. I fall asleep quickly. Final: -nme.
Etymology: sleep.
-nhenovh'tov vta. imitate; live like s.o. See: -ta'ov; -to'stseh. -nhenovh'tovho He imitated
him/he is like him/he lives like him. Nta-nhenovh'tovone ma'heo'o Let's live like God!
-nhenove vii. said that way. -nhenove. It is said that way. M'ohke-nhenove. Is it said that way?
phve-nhenvehe Is that said well?/Is that translated well? ohksa'e-nhenvhane; taohkevs'ho'mhephveotse. We shouldn't talk that way; everything will come out good.
(This can be said, for instance, when someone puts himself down. The first verb here, when used with the negative, has both meanings: 'it isn't (appropriate) to say it that way' and simply 'it is not said' or 'that was not said' without any judgment about cultural appropriateness.). ohksa-nhenvhane. It's not said (can mean the same as 'it shouldn't be said'). t'taenhenove. "It's cut and dried"; that's exactly the way it's been said. Variant: -nhestove.
-nheoestho'h(n)
quickly.
vta. cook s.o. quickly. N-nheoesth'no I cooked him (for example, a duck)
nhhe p. there (proximal; old location information in discourse). See: hnhhe; nhhe; tshhe. -nheohe vai. go fast, quickly come. -nheohe. He came fast. -nheoh'ta
vti. chase s.t. -nheoh'ta. He chased it. ekseho ohke-nheoh'tanovtse amho'hstottse. dogs chase cars. vta: -nheoh'tov. See: -nh; -nhe'. vta. chase s.o., take off after s.o. -nheoh'tovho. He chased him. (Me'ko) hma'xenma'o'-nheoh'toenovse. (The head) chased them around (1987:255). Nooo, stama'xe-nheoh'toehoono. My, he took off after her. (1987:291). See: -nhov; -nhe'ov.
-nheoh'tov
-nheseh vta. depend on s.o. -nheshho ?? He depended on him ?? ts-nheshta'se those who
depend on you. See: -ne'tam'tov.
-nhesmne vai. pretend. v'ne-nhesmne. He is just acting that way. For example, someone could
just be pretending that they like you.Variant: -nheman. Final: -man. See: -ma'ov.
-nhessan vai. dress like that; wear clothes like that. -nhessne. He's dressed like that. Final: esan.
-nhestam vta. think that way about s.o. N-nhestmo. That's what I think about him. See: -hestam;
-tnstam.
-nhes vii. be so; that way (anaphoric). by implication, be the way it is supposed to be. -nhso. It is
like that (refers back to something already said). sa-nshane. It's not like that (for example, the way you said that something is). See: -hes; -tshes.
-nhesotse vii. become that way. -nhesotse. It became that way. ohkev'nee-nhesotse. It's just
that way. (meant to cheer a person up).
-nhest vti. say s.t. this way; refer to s.t. this way; say about s.t. this way. -nhsta He said it/he
meant it. -nhestnvo. They said about it this way. H'the mh-nhesthentse hone'ontse tsohkhone'omtsee'stse htsetseha. (With) this (word) (Sweet Medicine) referred to clothing which we wear now. (1987:12). Nhne'enahe ts-nhestmo? Do you know/understand what I said (or, what I'm talking about)? Hnov'e ts-nhestomo? What do you mean by that? Hnov'e ts-nhestohe? What is that called? / What is meant by that? Hn'e ts-nhestohe? What is meant by that? vai: -nheve. See: -hest; -nhest; -nhestohe.
-nhesta vai. be that way. -nhesta. He is that way. See: -hesta; -nhestotse; -nhest. -nhesth vai. have a quick temper. -nhestha. He has a quick temper. -nhesthao'o. They are
quick tempered.Literally: quick-heart. See: -tot'kovahe; -v'hkahe. fai: -hth.
nhsthvo p. that kind. Mhta'so mato nhsthvo nhthsmo. A scalped man, also of that kind (of
person), I'm gonna tell about him. (1987:295). me'=nh=taa'e nhsthvo hotse'hesttse. He would fit that kind of work. (1987:186). See: tshsthvo; tnsthevn'e; nhesthvn'se.
nhesthevn'e1 p. that kind (inan. or an.). See: -tnsthevno'e; nhsthvo. -nhesthevn'2 vii. vai. be of that kind. Hevema'kaata mh-nhesthevno'hanhe hne mo'eko.
Of gold, it was that kind, that ring. (1987:184). See: -tnsthevn'2.
nhesthvn'se p. that kind. tsohkensemase nhesthvn'se ?? those who talk to spirits; that
kind of person ?? Nhesthvn'se msto'sev'et'omemshevhe. He had that kind (of gun) to use to shot (the beaver). (1988:275). See: nhsthvo.
-nhestotse
vii. become that way. ohkeno'hvn'o hev'keonstse mh-nhestotshhe. He had appendicitis (lit. his intestines had become that way). (Stamper 1991:4). See: -nhesta. hhthna'ha ohke-nhesthnstse shpat'heontse the Cheyenne tepee has thirteen pins (1987:224). novse nhestha There's not enough of it (lit., less that's how much there is of it). Notes (Phonology) nearly identical to -nhestohe vai: -nhestoxe.
-nhestoh vii. so many in number. only used with pl. subjects. tstshsthese xamaevee'e mhthtoha
nhestoha p. every time. See: oeva. nhestoha eva every day. nhesthe- pv. so many. -nhesthee'hma her time is fulfilled (for example, she is due to deliver
her baby) (lit. it is that amount of months for her). nexa ma'heneeva nta-nhestheene I stayed two weeks/lit. for two Sundays that is how long I overnighted.
-nhestohe vai. vii. so called, be called that. -nhestohe. It (or he) is called that/it means that. Hnov'e
tsohke-nhestohe? What does it mean (for example, some word)? see-nhesthnstse. They (for example, words) mean the same. saphvhne'enhe hov'he ts-nhethetse. He doesn't know what things mean. (1987:212). See: -nhestoh.
-nhesthe-anma vai. be so many years old; that many years old. Htsetseha v's'eametannstse
Ho'noxhaestse na'nhthn'e hhthnshtoha me'-nhestheanma. Now if Jim One Bear
(Brave Wolf) were still living, he would be 87 years old. (1987:32).
-nhesthe-anoo'e vii. be so many years ago. no'ka mhththn'e'e tssta-nhestheanoo'e one

hundred years, that's how many years ago (1987:36). Notes (Phonology) not vs See: hestheanoo'e.
-nhesthe-ene vai. stay for so many days over. nexa ma'heneeva nta-nhestheene I stayed two
weeks (lit. for two Sundays that is how long I overnighted).
-nhesthee'ham vai. so many months; so many months old. -nhesthee'hma. She is full term. -nhesthnot vta. so kill all of s.o., kill all of s.o. that way. pl. object required. -nhesthnoto He
killed all of them.
-nhesthnxvaen
vta. quickly kill all of s.o. that way. pl. object required. a'e heva tsme'he'e'haotsse hetane nhta-nhesthnxvaenneo'o ntxv'h'e As fast as a (hungry)
man eats, that's how quickly we killed all of them (for example, at the Battle of the Little Big Horn).
-nhestomtah vta. arrange date for s.o. for example, for someone who would like to be romantic with
some lady. Nsta-nhestomtaahtse. I'll intercede (to the young lady) for you; I'll speak on your behalf. See: -estsstomtah.
-nhestoxe vai. so many in number, that many in number. not used in sg. -nhestxeo'o. They (an.) are
that many in number.
-nheh vta. do that to s.o. M=taome-nhehahtse? Did he bring it on himself? -nheeh vii. be that kind of song tune. See: -theeh; -h; -seeh. -nheha It is that kind of song
tune. sa-nhehhane It is not sung that way/that is the wrong tune.
Nheeha!
vta. Say it! Hse-nheeha! Say it again! Nxhse-nheeha! Say it again (to me)! S'nheeha! Say it now! See: -nhet.
Nheeha! vta. Tell it to him! Ta-nheeha! Tell it to him! See: -nhet. -nhee'han vai. eat that way. M'hke-nhee'hanhevhe. That's the way they ate. [JOURNEY.TXT] -nhe'eme vai. make sound that way. for example, a person who makes scraping sounds with his
throat, bothering other people. -nhe'eme He makes sounds that way.
-nhe'tov
vta. do that to s.o. can imply a sexual act, but can refer to other actions, also. See: mh'tov; -vae'tov; -tn'tov. -nhe'tohe that was done to him. -nhe'tovho He did that to him/her. hp'e nhtat'eva-nhe'tvo (tshe't'se) I'll do the same (usually bad) thing back to him (as he did to me. vai: -nhev. nhesman.
-nheman vai. pretend. -nhemne He pretended. V'ne-nhmnstse! Just pretend!Variant: -nheenohe vai. appear that way. -nheenohe. He looks (appears) that way. Final: -nohe. See: nohe.
-nheehv vai. stand ground. for example, as a member of a suicide troop. -nheehva. He
stood his ground.
-nhesan vai. dress that way. ohkemae'ev'ne-nhesaneo'o Comanches. Comanches used to just
dress like that.
-nhestnov -nheee
vai. live that way. nstsev'-nhestnvme Don't live like that! (1987:13). See: vsstanove. vai. lie that way. -nhee. He's lying that way / that's how he got hurt. Naa hnenheenhoo'o. And he continued to lie there (surp. mode; VISION.TXT). See: -heee.
-nheetan vai. think that way. the anaphoric pv. ne- refers back to a way of thinking previously
mentioned. See: -hetan; -ne'entan't. N-nheetno. I'm thinking that way. Nv'nhetno! Don't think that way! (for example, don't be depressed). Notes (Phonology) The /e/
preceding /tan/ usually devoices in natural speech.
-nheetan'tsan vai. think that way about people. With the -san final this form is said to be
more "personal" than -nheetan. sa-nhetan'tsanhe. He doesn't think that way toward people. (cf. 2 Peter 3:9).
-nheetan'tov vta. think so about s.o., wish that way about s.o. -nheetan'tovho. He wishes him
to be like that. N-nheetan'tovtse nme'msehe. I wish you would eat. Naa Ma'heo'o mnohke-nhetan'toehhe. God must have directed me that way. See: momxe-.
-nhetnan vai. make it that way. -nhetnne. He made it like that. -nheetn vai. make something like that. -nhetne. He constructed it that way. -nhetovt
vii. be the way; be the meaning. naa mho'n-nhetovto but it's not the way
(1987:211).
-nhevh'ta vii. engine run like that. -nhevh'ta. (The car) runs like that. -nhev
vai. do that (anaphoric). -nheve. He did it. Nv'-nheve! Don't do that! Nstsev'nheve! Don't (future) do that! ohksa-nhevstovhane. It's not done. ohkenheshpo'ethevhe htsetseha ohksaa'va-nhevheo'o ohksa'vshpo'ethehevhe. They had to go through the ceremony that way, (but) now they don't do that anymore, they don't have to go through it. [1987:146] vta: -nhe'tov. See: hev; -tshev; -anen.
nhetaa'- pv. that much. N-nhetaa'm'sta. I told that much. See: hetaa'-. nheta'e p. enough; from that point in time on. can be a functional command, something like 'That's
enough! Stop!'. nh-nheta'e from that point (toward now). See: tsheta'e; tneta'e; nhe'e.
-nhetaa'e'han vai. eat everything. mhe-nhetaa'e'hna. He ate up everything (on his plate). White
people are perceived as doing this.
-nhetaa' -nhetaeta
vii. so big, big that amount. -nheta'o. It is that big. xhohanantseneho mhnhnhetaa'tseho. (Her leg) was very heavy; it was very big. (1980:66:79). vai: -nhetaet. vai. so big, big that amount. -nhetaeta. He is that big. naa nhe'e hna'oveto tstanhetaethtse and then the next sized one (1980:3:61). vii: -nhetaa'.
[1987:275]
-nhetho'he vai. so cooked, cooked that way. ohke-nhetho'he. It is cooked like this.
See: -hetho'he.
-nhtho''h
[1987:397]
vta. pick up s.o. on the way. N'ame-nhtho''xeo'o! Pick me up on your way! See: -nhe'otseh.
-nheta'hahts vti. throw s.t. like that (anaphoric). See: -tsheta'hahts. -nheta'hhtse He threw it
like that.
-nheta'ham
vta. masturbate s.o. -nheta'hamahtse. He masturbated (lit. threw himself that way).Literally: throw s.o. that way. See: -sta'ham; -nhe'oot; -nhe'otse; tsheta'ham.
-nheta'ov vta. kick s.o. that way. -nheta'ovho. He kicked him that way.Variant: -neta'ov. -nhetao'o'xe vai. carry that way. ohkevaase-nhetao'o'xe. He carries up his burden again (doesn't
leave it at church).
-nhetom vta. so related to s.o., related that way to him. N-nhetomo. I'm related to him in that way.
-nhetoemo. He is related to him in that way.
-nhetn'tov vta. pray to s.o. like that. See: -hn. -nhetena'tovho. He thusly prayed to him.
Nhe'e nhhe nxhshna, naa nxhshn'tvo ma'heo'o, nxhse-nhetn'tvo. Then
there I prayed again. I prayed to God again, I prayed to him that way again (1987:157).
-nhetostn
vai. so count, count that way, so read. -nhetostne. He counted that way. See: hostn.
-nhethoo'e vai. scrape hair off hide. part of tanning process. -nhethoo'e. He's scraping the hair off
the hide. [jg 7/89] See: -ho'nn; -ohoo'e. Notes (Phonology) vs
-nhethot vta. authorize s.o. that way, charismatize s.o. that way, bequeath to s.o. that way. This
refers to something given which the receiver did not ask for or earn, such as a talent or ability. Typically, the giver is God. N-nhethota. He gave it to me that way. See: -ohot; -na'nohe.
-nhethov vta. sign that way to s.o. Nh-nhethvo. I signed that way to him. (1987:179). Final: ohov.
-nheto'ahe vti. vai. so want (s.t.), want (s.t.) that way. -nheto'ahe. He wanted (it) that way. See: ho'ahe; -heto'ahe.
-nheto'eh vta. treat s.o. that way. -nheto'eeho. He treated him that way. tssto'sh-nheto''se
how he was going to be treated.
-nheto'etahe
vai. do somethiing that way. Naa nhe'e noo nohkseehvsvtssta tshv'nheto'etaese And then, my, I really thought it was bad when (someone) does that. (1987:155). Naa mxho'ntam'sshpho'-nheto'etaestse But he didn't make it all happen. [1987:210,251] vai. do that. (staosane)-nheto'ethoohstvnse It was done what was supposed to be done. (1987:297).
-nheto'ethoohe
-nhet'hahe vai. such age, that age. -nhet'hahe. He is that age. See: -nhe'ahe; -set'hahe. -nheto''et vta. blame s.o. that way. v'kshemstaeo'o ... 'hkemhae-nheto''heo'o that was what
owls used to be blamed for (1987:214). See: -ho''et.
-nheto'eman vai. rule that way. -nheto'emne. He ruled that way/he gave such a command. -nheto'en vii. left loaded. -nheto'na. It was left loaded. -nheto'ohe vai. be that way (anaph.). -nheto'ohe. I've heard that about him. See: -nhesta. -nheto''tan'tov vta. want s.o. to be like that (anaph.). -nheto''tan'tovho. He wants him to be
like that.
-nheto'omenehe
vai. experience that. Nme'sa'evse-nheto'omenhhe. I wouldn't want that to happen to me. Final: -o'omenehe.
-nheto'xev vai. make a vow; put up a Sun Dance; make Sun Dance vow. -nheto'xva. He made a
vow; he put up a Sun Dance. See: -tneto'xev; -hoxhe'ev.
-nhetomhtahe
vai. feel (physically) that way (anaph.). See: -homhtahe. Final: -omhtahe. nhetomhtahe He feels (bodily condition) that way. Initial: have that kind of authority.
-nhetone'one vai. be dressed that way (anaph.). -nhetone'one ?? He was dressed that way / fig. he
had that kind of authority. See: -phvone'one ??.
-nhetoo'e vai. so be at, be there that way. naa nhe'e stamnee'astotxstanvoho hn=hov'he
tstav'e=nh=nhetovse and then they started talking about why they were there (1987:57). [1988:276] Notes (Phonology) vs See: -hoo'e.
-nhetotse'ohe vai. work that way. See: -hotse'ohe. Hp'e hne mhto'senhetotse'hehhe. Likewise he
was going to work that way. (1987:142).
-nhetxe'ohe vii. written like that. -nhetxe'ohe. It is written that way. -nhetsem vta. appoint s.o.Literally: mention the name of s.o. for something. similar to 'name s.o.'. Nnhetsmo. I appointed him. See: -vh; -vom; -nan.
-nhevvoo'koh(n) vta. wipe up poop of s.o. -nheevvoo'khnho. He wiped him up. -nheve
vai. say that way. that is, to say some way which has been expressed previously in the conversation. used with first and second person sg. subjects. See: -he; -het. N-nheve. you said (something) that way. Nme'-nheve. I should have said it that way. Nv'-nheve! Don't say that!
-nhvhon vai. wipe face. for example, wiping face with a towel. -nhvhone. He wiped his
(own) face with a towel. Nhvhonstse! Wipe your face (with a towel)! BodyPartMedial: n.Variant: -nvhonehe. See: -ne'von wash face.
-nhvhonh(n)
vta. wipe face of s.o. with an object. such as wiping a face with a towel. nhvhonehno. He wiped his face with a towel. -nhevhonhestse. He wiped his (own) face with a towel. See: -nhanen.
nhvhonesttse
na. towel. Usage: This is the more common pronunciation, compared to nvhonhesttse..Literally: wipe-face-thing. Variant: nvhonhesttse. Pl: nhvhonstoto. Obviative: nhvhonstoto. See: -nhoh; ne'vonesttse. N-nhevo'stanhamentse I'm living for him. N-nhevo'stanhv'tvo. I'm living for him. nhevo'stanheve'tovho. He lived for him. Nto'se-nhevo'stanheve'tovone ma'heo'o. We are going to live for God.Literally: follow-live.for.
-nhevo'stanheve'tov vta. live for s.o.; follow way of living of s.o.; imitate s.o. See: -vo'stanheve.
-nhevoo'o vai. say that. M'on'seme-nhevoo'o? Did he really say that? Notes (Phonology) vs See: hevoo'o.
nhna'hvse vai. those three; the three of them. See: na'he. nhnsvto
vii. both of them. close to an English pronoun in function. htsetseha nh-nsvto ns'=nh=nheene'tamema -ne'tamnonstse hne nh-nsovtoo'stse tstam'stomontse
now we depend on both, depend on both of them which I have told about (1987:98). vai: nhnvse. See: -v.
nhntse vai. the two of us, both of us. nhnvse vai. both of them. close to an English pronoun in function. vii: nhnsvto. See: nee two
of; nhntse the two of us; nhno'khto I alone.
-nhnetame vai. give up. -nhnetame. He gave up. vta: -nhnetame'tov. Etymology: cf. M niihniqtaw. -nhnetame'tov vta. give up on s.o. N-nhnetam'tvo. I gave on him. N-nhnetamentse. I gave up
on him.
-nhnetameotse
vai. give up. -nhnetameotse. He became discouraged (and gave up). Mstxaevhe'kema'xemhehane-nhnetameotshhe. He just completely gave up all hope. [1987:277] See: -stavaotse. vta. give up on s.o. ta-nhnetameotsnoto. He gave up on him. (1987:150). Nsa-nhnetameots'the. She doesn't give up on me.
-nhnetameots'tov
-nhnetamstove vii. give up. sa-nhnetamstovheo'o. They (for example, children) are not given
up on (for example, in traditional teaching).
-nhnetametno
vai. discouraged, give up. -nhnetametno. He gave up (in thought)/he was
discouraged.
nhno'khto vai. I alone; I by myself. nh- pv. (or conjunct prefix?) + -no'kahe 'be one; alone' +
conjunct suffix. See: tsh-nehvto. nhno'kheto you (RECHECK ALL THESE). nhno'kaese he. nhno'khetse (+se?) He. nhno'khtse we (exc. & incl.). nhno'khse you (pl). nhno'khvse they. nhno'khto ?? it. nhno'khtoo'stse They (inan.). tsh-no'khto when I was single. See: nhnvse both of them.
-nhoh vti. wipe s.t. -nhha. He wiped it. -nhha txemshesttse. She's wiping the table. Nvanhha. I wiped it up (for example, with a rag). Nhhtse! Wipe it! Words with this verb stem sound like they have the complex syllable -nhoh, but it would seem that this entry's spelling is correct, based on related words, such as nhvhonesttse 'towel.'. vta: -nhoh(n). See: nh(e)-; -nhovo'oh.
-nhohen vai. wipe. -nhohne. She wiped. See: nhoh'o. nhohen'o ni. mop. nhoh'o
na. dish towel, dish rag.Literally: wiping (thing). Notes (Phonology) vsPl: nhoheono. Obviative: nhoheono. See: -nhon; -nhohen.
-nhoh(n) vta. wipe s.o. N-nhhno I wiped him. -nhohnho. He wiped him. Nhoheha! Dry him
off! Notes (Phonology) Identical in sound to -nhoh(n), but -nhoh(n) would seem to be the correct spelling, based on related words; cf. comment at -nhoh. See: -neevvoo'oh(n).
-nhohtva vai. sell quickly. -nhohtva. He sells quickly / he is a good salesperson. nho'asstse voc. fathers (voc.). nho'e voc. father! used to speak to your father; the word nho'ehe is used to speak about your father.
See: nho'ehe.
nho'ehe
na. my father, my paternal uncle. participle: tshhto the one who is my father; Obviative: nho'evaho. Notes (Phonology) cf. n-ho'eehe 'you moved came (here)' Vocative: nho'e. See: /-hh/ father. vti. follow s.t., followed the protocol of it. -nho'eth'ta. He followed it. vstomsne naa nho'eth'ta. He will keep his promise. (lit. he promised and he will follow it). See: -nhe'. mhon.
-nho'eth't
-nhomo'he vai. pursue; chase; track; hunt. -nhomo'he He chased. See: -nhosne ?; -nhov; -nh; -nhovohts vti. wipe s.t. Nhvhtsstse! Wipe it. -nhosan vai. pursue. -nhosne. He chased. See: -nhomo'he. -nhotse'ohe vai. work fast. -nhotse'ohe. He does his job fast. -nhov vta. chase s.o., pursue s.o., follow s.o., track s.o. -nhovho. He chased him. Nstava-nhovone
hane. We'll go after our father. [1987:315] ame-nh'e hhnomaho. He is being chased along by the bee. vti: -nh. See: -h'e'ov; -nh.
-nhovan
vta. wrestle s.o. See: -nhov. -nhovanho. He wrestled him. Nth-nehovanhtsmne! Let's go wrestle!
-nhovno'ham vai. curry horse(s). N-nhovno'hme I curried horses. -nhovanov vai. wrestle. -nhovanva. He wrestled. nhovanovhe na. 1 wrestler.Pl: nhovanovheo'o.
2 Nhovanovhe Wrestler.
nhove- pv. standing. 'e-nhovena'heht'e after the (tepee) tripod was standing (1987:179). -nhove'han vai. stand eating. -nhove'hna. He stood up eating. See: -mshe'e. -nhove'han'e vai. stand eating. -nhove'han'e He's standing up eating. -nhovnome vai. sleep standing. -nhovnome He slept standing. Final: /-nme/. -nhoveh vta. stand up s.o. ohke-nhoveehovo he'ntne tsto'sen'stse. They put up (the tepee
pole) that's going to be by the door. [1987:223]
-nhoveeotse
vai. stand for a moment. -nhoveeotse He stood for a moment. See: -n' stand (state); -nhove'e stand (process). Notes (Phonology) vs
-nhoveohts vai. walk upright. Ne'-nhovehtse. I went upstream. -nhove'

vai. stand (process). -nhove'e. He stood up. -nhoveeo'o. They stood up. Nhove'stse! Stand up (sg)! Nsataometne-nhovehe. I can't stand on my own. (this
could be said literally, or, as in 'I am powerless, can't make it on my own (for example, over alcohol)'). fai: -2. See: -n' stand (state); -nhoveeotse stand for a moment. Notes
(Phonology) vs
-nhoveoe'tov
vta. watch s.o. while they are going. for example, watching to see what direction will go. Nam'oo'o tshne'aseohtsevo. Nne'ase-nhoveoe'tova. "He'hma nmhota," nheve. My sweetheart, when I left, she was watching me as I was leaving. "I
someone
wonder, maybe she loved me," I said. (an old love song).
-nhovo'ham vai. chase livestock. N-nhovo'hme. He chased the horses. -nhovo'oh vti. wipe up s.t. Nhovo'htse! Wipe it up! See: -nhoh. -nhovneoo'e
vai. sit one right after the other. Notes (Phonology) vs probably used only of plural subjects. nhhe tsstatee'e'-nhovnevse ma'xhohtsetsva. there where they were sitting one right after the other in the big tree. [1987:308] vta. catch sight of s.o. ?? -nhovomho. He caught sight of him. ?? See: nhevo'stanheve'tov; -nhov; -nha'om.
-nhovom
nehp- i. cover; block; close; obstruct. -nhpha. He closed it by tool. -nhpne. He is totally blind (lit.
obstructed-face). See: hahp-; o'om-; -hoon. Etymology: *kep-.
-nhpho'he vii. welded shut. -nhpho'he. It was welded closed.
-nhpho'hov vai. weld.Literally: close.up-by.heat. -nhpho'hva. He's welding. See: -nhpho'he. -nhphtsenn
vta. cover mouth of s.o. -nhphtsennahtse He covered his (own) mouth. BodyPartMedial: -ahtsen. See: -hxe'htsenh(n).
[pd723]
-nhphtsenotse
vai. cover mouth. -nhphtsenotse. She's covering her mouth with her hand. Ch. women do this.
nhpa'- i. obstruct. -nhpa'-e He's lying guarding (for example, the door). -nhpa'ehe
vai. blindfolded. hne tsv'h-nhpa'eheto this which you are closed up with (1987:146). BodyPartMedial: -a'.
nhpa'eh- pv. robber. -nhpa'ehe'tov

vta. rob s.o. literal meaning from image of bandit's mask over face. nhpa'ehe'tovho. He robbed him. See: -enomev.
nhpa'ehve'ho'e na. robber; bandit.Literally: covered-head-whiteman. -nhpa'ests

vti. cover s.t. for example, to cover something so it won't spill. -nhpa'stse. He
covered it.
-nhpa'evaen vti. vta. smother s.t./s.o. nsta-nhpa'evaena she'll take something (for example, a
rag) and smother you (a threat to get children to obey).
-nhpa'otse vai. suffocate; smother. See: -nhpotmeotse. -nhpa'otse He suffocated. -nhpa'e(na) vai. lie guarding. -nhpa'e He's lying with his head by the door (esp. guarding).
[1987:259]Literally:
obstruct-lie.
nhpa'san-matanev'ho'e na. guard.Literally: guarding-policeman. -nhpa'ov vta. guard s.o., prevent s.o. from doing something. -nhpa'ovho. He guarded him. -nhpa'ovo'ham vai. guard livestock. -nhpa'ovo'hme. He guarded/watched horses. -nhpan vti. vta. cover s.t./s.o., close s.t./s.o. with a covering. -nhpanho. He covered him (with
something). for example, to cover a baby to protect it from the sun, wind, or cold.
-nhpatovn
vti. vta. damper s.t./s.o. esp. for dampering a fire. -nhpatovna. He "dampered" it. Medial: -atov.
nhpatovaneo'o ni. damper. -nhpea'en'net vii. be obstructed dark. -nhpea'en'nto it's so dark you can't see. -nhpeamen vti. vta. seal s.t./s.o. -nhpeamna He sealed it (for example, letter or log house). -nhpeamnen
vai. chink, daub, seal. esp. refers to daubing the cracks of a log house. nhpeamnne. He's daubing.
nhpeamnenesttse ni. trowel. can be any kind of tool that closes holes.Variant: nhpeameneo'o. nhpeamneo'o ni. trowel. for example, for daubing cement between logs.Variant: nhpeamnenesttse. -nhpean vti. vta. seal s.t., seal s.o. -nhpeanho. He sealed him. -nhpen vai. be snowbound. See: -nha'en; -nha'ov. -nhpna He is snowbound. Final: -en. nhpeesehesttse ni. feedbag.Literally: obstruct-nose-NOM. this is something like a muzzle placed
over a horse's mouth. See: nhpeeseto'hamesttse.
-nhpeesethe'ham
vai. nose mask horse(s). -nhpeesethe'hme. He put a nose mask on his horse(s). to keep flies from bothering the horse's face. Variant: -nhpeeseto'ham.
-nhpeeseto'ham vai. nose mask horse(s). -nhpeeseto'hme. He put a nose mask on his horse(s).
to keep flies from bothering the horse's face.Variant: -nhpeesethe'ham.
nhpeeseto'hamesttse
ni. horse mask.Literally: cover-nose-livestock-NOM. word made up for an occasion by HL, to try to get a label for a beaded horse mask. See: nhpeeseehesttse; mo'hno'ahmvenesttse.
-nhpeesn vta. Medial: -es.plug nose of s.o. nhpeesneha Plug up his nostrils (nose)!
-nhpestoonvomhtahe vai. have sore throat; diphtheria. -nhpestoonvomhtahe He has a sore

throat/he has diphtheria.Literally: blocked-throat-feeling.
-nhpeh vii. lie by door. -nhpha. It's lying by door. vai: -nhpee; fii: -eh. -nhpe'ehe vai. wear a diaper, wear a chastity belt.Literally: obstructed. The meaning 'wear a chastity
belt' is obsolescent today. -nhpe'ehe. He's wearing a diaper. sa'va-nhpe'hhe. He's potty-trained (lit., is no longer diapered). See: -nhpe'et; nhpe'hesttse.
-nhpe'hmea'xe vai. diaper smell. -nhpe'hmea'xe. He has a diaper smell. See: -ma'xe. nhpe'hesttse
na. diaper; chastity belt.Literally: cover-NOM. Pl: nhpe'hstoto. Obviative: nhpe'hstoto. perhaps originally had meaning of 'chastity belt'. Nnthvanamho he-nhp'hestovevho. (pe'h??) I changed their diapers. See: -nhpe'ehe; ho'sohtsstse.
-nhpe'hee sleep with diaper. -nhpe'he. He's sleeping with a diaper. -nhpe'enon
vai. sing loudly.Variant: -thpe'enon. -nhpe'enne. He nhpe'enonto ?[ It is loud singing (II) (for example, music on a radio).
sang
loudly.
-nhpe'est vai. obstructed ear. -nhpe'sta his ear is stopped up. Medial: -'est. -nhpe'stn vta. block ears of s.o. for example, to block one's ears with a hand or a finger; done by
Cheyenne singers when drumming to stay in tune, and can be done when warming one's ears. -nhpe'stnahtse. He blocked his (own) ear(s).
-nhpe'et vta. obstruct s.o., block s.o. ?? 'hke-nhpe'ethtssesto. It is said they (women) used to
wear chastity belts. See: -nhpe'ehe; -nomhtos.
-nhpe'xan vai. have obstructed eye(s). -nhpe'xne. He has closed eye(s)/he has covered eye(s)
(for example, wearing an eye patch).
-nhpe'xanehe vai. blindfolded.Literally: obstructed-eyes. -nhpe'xanehe. He is blindfolded. -nhpe'xan'o'h vta. cover eyes of s.o. N-nhpe'xan'o'ha. He covered my eyes (esp. to come up
behind me and cover my eyes).
-nhpe'xann vta. obstruct eye(s) of s.o. -nhpe'xannho He covered his eye(s). -nhpe'onov
vai. talk loudly.Variant: -thpe'onov. Usage: This is a subdialectal pronunciation.. nhpe'onva. He talked loudly. -nhpe'onovto. It is loud talking (for example, on radio).
-nhpn vai. totally blind. See: -'o'n. -nhpne He is totally blind.Literally: obstructed-face. -nhpneet vta. blindfold s.o. -nhpneetho. He blindfolded him. [PD87] Medial: -n. -nhpenone'tov vta. stand at the door of and sing praises to s.o. -nhpenonee'tovho (n?) He
stood at his/her door and sang praises to him (for example, singing to your sister-in-law). Final: -non.
-nhpenon'e vai. stand in doorway singing. for example, singing for money. -nhpenonoeo'o.
They are standing by the door singing (for ex., for money).
-nhpe'e vai. stand in doorway. -nhpe'e. He is standing in the doorway. -nhpe'e vai. stand in the way; stand obstructing. N-nhpe'e. You're standing in the way. Notes
(Phonology) vs
-nhpsa'ov
vta. trip s.o. M-nhpsa'ovhevhe. He must have tripped him (for example, in a basketball game).Variant: -nmsa'ov. na. breechcloth.Literally: cover-crotch-thing. Pl: nhps'hestoto. Obviative: nhps'hestoto. See: hxaso; nhpe'hesttse; -x'. Medial: -s'. vai. fai: -; Medial: -s.urinate in the way. See: -s'. -nhps'e He's urinating in
nhps'hesttse -nhps'e -nhpee
front/in the way.

vai. lie by door. -nhpe. He lying by the door. vii: -nhpeh. See: -ta'omee; -t'hee; homee.
-nhpem vta. cover s.o. -nhpemho He covered him. -nhpeha'en vai. build dam, make a dam, dam. -nhpeha'ne. He built a dam. Beavers do this.
-nhpe' vai. vii. float obstructed. -nhp'o. He/It is floating obstructed. for example, there is a
beaver dam preventing it from floating farther.
-nhpemno'e
vii. be foggy. See: -nhpose ma'no. -nhpemno'e foggy.Literally: closed.in(covered)-environment. Notes (Phonology) iah
It
is
-nhpenen vai. build a dam. Nhhe mh-nhpenenhevhe hom'e. The beavers had built a dam
there. [JOURNEY.TXT]
nhpen'o ni. dam. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: nhpeneontse. Etymology: O gibaakwa'igan (N). -nhposan vai. hang up something by the door. -nhposne. He hung up something by the door. -nhpose vai. hang by the door. -nhpose. He is hanging by the door. -nhpose ma'no. It is foggy
[lit. the turtle is hanging by the door]. See: -nhpesemno'e.
-nhpose ma'no
vii. foggy. -nhpose ma'no It's foggy.Literally: The turtle is shrouded.. Since Cheyenne subjects can either precede or follow a verb, the word "ma'eno" can also precede the verb here. na. curtain.Literally: obstruct-hang(.thing). Etymology: See: nhpeneo'o ??.Pl: nhposeono. Obviative: nhposeono. vai. become constipated. -nhphastse momhthtotse; Synonym: -'htotse; BodyPartMedial: -as.
nhposeo'o
gibagoojigan
(N).
-nhphasohts
He's
constipated.
Antonym: -
-nhpoh(n) vta. obstruct s.o. by tool. N-nhphno I shut him him by tool. Etymology: *nekepahwa:wa. nhphom'hso
na. burrowing owl.Literally: obstruct-dancer-DIM. Pl: nhphom'hesono. Obviative: nhphom'hesono. said to be so named because they dance in front of prairie dog holes, blocking the holes. Final: -ohom'he. vii. obstructed by cold, frozen shut. -nhphta. It is frozen shut. -nhphtnstse nama'aetaeve'xanstottse. My eyeglasses are fogged up. sa-nhphthane. It is not frozen over. Etymology: *kepahtenwi.
-nhpohta
-nhpht vti. close s.t. by mouth. -nhphta. He closed it with his mouth. sa-nhphthe. He did
not cover it with his mouth. Final: -ht.
-nhpo'a''ts vti. block s.t.; lock s.t. tshv'hestanomtse ntaome-nhpo'a''tsenone when we took
that (claims money) we blocked it ourselves (1987:19). Nnoose-nhpo'a''tse he'ntoo'o. I forgot (lit. omitted) to lock the door.
-nhpo'an vti. block s.t., close s.t., lock s.t., fence s.t., turn off s.t., shut off s.t. -nhpo'na. He fenced
it in/he closed it. many different objects can be closed, referred to by this verb, such as a tepee smoke flap, a box, an area of ground. va-nhpo'nhtse! Close it back up! Nhpo'nhtse! Turn it off! (for example, a radio or T.V.). vta. -nhpo'anho. He fenced him in / he locked him in. ts-nhpo'anstse hva zoo animal (lit. animal which is fenced in) (a neologism). [1987:224] Antonym: -ta'ta'en.
nhpo'aneo'o ni. lock. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: nhpo'aneontse. -nhpo'ees vai. have a plugged up nose. -nhpo'ese his nose is plugged up (for example, from a
cold).
-nhpo'ees'hahe vai. have a nasal voice; have a voice of a plugged up nose. -nhpo'ees'hahe He's
talking with a plugged up nose voice.
-nhpo'e'est vai. plugged up ear(s). -nhpo'e'sta. He has plugged up ear(s). -nhpo'e'stotse vai. 1 plugged up ear(s). -nhpo'e'stotse. He has plugged up ears / doesn't want
to hear anything. 2 not want to hear anything. Usage: fig..
-nhpo'eotse vii. jammed. -nhpo'eotse. It's jammed. nhpo'henv'e ni. 30-30 caliber rifle.Literally: throat-gun. See: ma'aatan'kso. -nhpo'hoo'tse
ni. Adam's apple; voice box ?? See: -pa'enhpo'hon; henhpo'hoo'tse; ma'xenhpo'hoo'tse; .Literally: valve/thing which closes.
-nhpo'hon
mbp. part of throat ?? See: -nhpo'hoo'tse; henhpo'hoo'tse; ma'xenhpo'hoo'tse; . pa'e-nhpo'hna. He has a goiter (lit. he-lump-??).
-nhpo'ohe vta. locked. -nhpo'ohe. It's locked. vta: -nhpo'oh(n). nhpo'heo'o ni. lid, plug.Literally: closing (thing). Pl: nhpo'heontse. -nhpo'oh(n) vta. lock up s.o. See: -ta'ta'o't. -nhpo'hnho. He locked him in. for example, to lock
someone inside a house. See: -nhpo'ohe.
-nhpo't vii. closed. -nhp'ta. It is closed/covered. -nhpneee vai. obstruct lying ropelike. -nhpne. (A snake) is lying in the doorway. Medial: -n. -nhpnoo'e
vai. sit in doorway, sit blocking, sit obstructing. -nhpnoo'e. He is sitting in the doorway. fai: -noo'e. See: -nhpoo'e.
-nhpoo'e vai. sit in doorway. -nhpoo'e. He sat in the doorway. -nhpoo'e vai. sit blocking. -nhpoo'e. He's sitting blocking (for example, sitting beside the door,
blocking it just being near it). mme-nhpoo'e. He's big blocking the door (for example, a big rock (animate) or a fat man). Initial: nehp-. Notes (Phonology) vs
-nhp'o vai. blocked sight. Nma'xe-nhp'o. I'm really looking but something is in the way. -nhpovn vti. dam s.t. -nhpvna. He dammed it.
vta. -nhpovanho. He dammed him. Medial: -ov.
-nhpotman vta. suffocate s.o., smother s.o. -nhepotmanho. He smothered him. -nhpotmeoestho'he vai. suffocate in fire. -nhpotmeoestho'he. He suffocated in a fire. [PD986]
Final: -aho'he.
-nhpotmeotse
vai. suffocate; choke while breathing. See: -motmeotse. -nhpotmeotse. He choked/he suffocated. Etymology: *kepa0a:mowa.Literally: obstruct-breathe.
-nhpotmee vai. fall and can't breathe. -nhpotme. He fell and had the wind knocked out of him. -nhpotmoh vta. hit and knock wind out of s.o. N-nhpotmho. I hit him and knocked the wind out
of him.
ne'- dir. toward. -ne'amvnhtse. His footsteps are heard as he is coming. N'-sta'xstse! Come in
(quickly)! N'-ahtove! Listen to me! (said to more than one person). See: nh-.
-n'hahtxe vai. wipe feet. -n'hahtxe. He wiped his feet. -n'ame

na. parents (poss.). na-n'ame my parents. he-n'amo ?? his parents. ne'amevoo'o ?? my parents ?? [PD795] Usage: seems to be extinct today. See: -hstoo'eeh. vta. throw s.o. toward (speaker). N'asta'hameha hhtsme Throw the ball to me! See: neh-; -asta'ham. mahpe! Pass the water! N'astanhtse ho'vohktse! Pass the meat! N'astanhtse vhpoma'htse! Pass the salt! N'astanhtse heveamke! Pass the butter! N'astanhtse mhmementse! Pass the pepper! N'astanhtse v'keemahpe! Pass the sugar! N'astanenno monkeho! Pass the beans! N'astaneha kokhxa! Pass the chicken! Notes (Phonology) with high pitch on cislocative preverb /nh/ (with n'- allomorph here, preceding the vowel) an imperative construction is indicated See: neh-; -astan.
-n'asta'ham
-n'astan vti. vta. pass s.t./s.o. (toward speaker). N'astanhtse matana! Pass the milk! N'astanhtse
ne''e na. bullsnake.Pl: ne''eo'o. Obviative: ne'e'o. -ne''ko' vai. look in. -ne''k'o He's looking in (for example, into a house through a crack in the
wall). See: -n'po'.
-ne'enseh vta. 1 beat up s.o. -ne'enshho. He beat him up. Nma'xe-ne'ensho. I really beat him
up. 2 beat s.o. with a sickness. Usage: fig., idiom. Nma'xe-ne'enseha He'havhne. I came down with a bad cold (lit. Cold beat me up bad). See: -ne'enven; -oom; -na'xvaen; -ssvenot.
-ne'enven vta. beat up s.o. severely; work over s.o. fast. -ne'envaenho. He really beat him
up/he 'worked him over fast'. See: -ne'enseh.
-ne'seh vta. single out s.o., take on s.o. -ne'shho. ?? He singled him out. -n'sto'hah vai. remove; doff gloves. -n'sto'haha. He took his gloves off. Ne'sto'haahtse! Take
your gloves off! Antonym: -e'sto'haha. See: -n's; -n't.
-n'stsem vta. drag out s.o., pull s.o. out; extract s.o. by dragging. Nva-n'stsmo I pulled him
out (for example, out of the ditch, with a rope). See: -amstsem.
-ne'eamose vai. be early part of forenoon. -ne'eamose It is the earlier part of forenoon (between
sunrise and approximately 9 a.m.).Literally: CIS-PERF-along-hang.
ne'tame-
pv. trustingly. Nta-ne'tamemtatsentse namhta'soma I trustingly give you my spirit (loan translation?) (Lk. 23:46).
-ne'tame vai. vti. depend on s.t. -ne'tame. He depends on it. -ne'tamentse. He depends on them
(inan.). Tsa'e nme'hee-ne'tame? Where else could I depend? (for example, there is no one or nowhere else that I can depend, but you; Hymn #71). vta: -ne'tam'tov.
ne'tamhe-
pv. dependent. ohke-ne'tamhe-a'xaamesstse. He (esp. a baby or child) cries to get what he wants (he is dependent on his crying to get s.o. (esp. his mother's) attention).
-ne'tam'tsne vai. depend on people. -ne'tam'tsne. He depends on people. fai: -san. -ne'tam'tov vta. depend on s.o. N-ne'tam'tova. He depends on me. N-ne'tam'tovtse. I depend
on you. N-ne'tamentse. I depend on him. N-ne'tamentse Ma'h'o. I depend on God. ne'tamnoto. He is depending on him. Nhove-ne'tamentse naa saxaen'the. Naa nne'vhne'tamentse. I mistakenly depended on him and he did not do what he said (lit. did not stand to it). And I would not again depend on him. (that is, he disappointed me). vti: ne'tame. The idea of 'trust' of character, for example, trust of s.o. to do a good job, is covered by other verbs, for example, -xanovtam 'trust, regard s.o. as a straight person'; -ono'tam 'respect s.o.' Lack of such trust can be indicated by a verb stem such as -onsttam, for example ma'kaataev'ho'e n-onstatama 'The banker checked me out.' This seems to imply that the banker doesn't trust me, or at least his checking out procedure is interpreted that way.
-ne'tameotse
vai. vti. depend on s.t. Nne'tameotse e'estahesttse. I'm depending on baptism/Christianity. See: -ne'tame.
-ne'tameots'tov vta. depend on s.o. naa mato (hovhne vaveto) mstaohkee-ne'tameotshenovhe

or long ago (people) came to depend on the animals (1987:300).
-ne'tamtan'tov vta. want to depend on s.o.; want help from s.o. -ne'tamtan'tovho. He wants
to depend on him. Mnnh-ne'tamtan'toehhe. I guess he wants me to help him. [1987:286]
ne'ev-
i. mark; represent; signal; identify; guide; indicate; show. See: -hetovt; -vo'seh; vo'stman. -ne'evvxe'ha He wrote it with a mark (for example, when putting down verse numbers on a page of Bible translation). -ne'eve He is known by the way he lies (posture). H'e ho'hme'e tsa'e nstavohtanone tse-ne'evhoxo'htsvo''e. Maybe we might
see a spring somewhere; there will be (that is, it will be indicated by) green grass. [JOURNEY.TXT]
ne'evheo'o
ni. ruler. Etymology: cf. *ke0kiwe:honi 'flag'.Literally: measure(.thing). Notes (Phonology) apoc; vsPl: ne'evheontse. tne-ne'evahe How is he identified (for example, what qualities does he have)? See: taevh(n).
-ne'evh(n) vta. measure s.o. N-ne'evhno I measured him. -ne'evahe He is measured/he is identified.
-ne'evotseh vta. guide s.o. See: -ameotseh; -nhe'otseh. -ne'evotshho. He guided him (for example,
back to the path). N-ne'evotseha. He showed me the way. Nh-ne'evotemeno Lead us!/Guide us!
-ne'evots'stman vai. guide. -ne'evots'stmne He guided. ne'evots'stmanhe na. Synonym: ne'evotssanhe.guide (person). -ne'evotssan vai. guide. -ne'evotssne He guided. ne'evotssanhe na. guide (person).Pl: ne'evotssanheo'o. Synonym: ne'evots'stmanhe. -ne'evt
vii. identified. mato mh-ne'evthanhe ts'hkhsh'ta also there was a special place where they (sacred covenants) were put (1987:100).
-ne'evtssan
vai. represent; signal. -ne'evtssne mhosanesttse He represents love (loan translation?).
He
represents.
v'e-ne'evtssne
ne'evtssan-ho'e ni. landmark. Usage: probably a loan translation. ne'evtss'o

ni. sign, marker, float, bobber (for fishing line), bead (at end of gun barrel, for sighting).Pl: ne'evtsseontse. Usage: obsolescing.
-ne'evva'xan vai. recognized by cry. -ne'evva'xne. He is recognized by his cry. fai: -a'xan. ne'evve- pv. Initial: ne'ev-.be recognized by. See: nan- ??. -ne'evvema'xe. He (for example, cow)
can be recognized by his smell. -ne'evvevh'e. He is recognized by his song (that he made).
-ne'evvhohts vai. recognized by tracks. -ne'evvhhtse. He is recognized by his tracks. Final: hohts.
-ne'evvoe'tov vta. watch s.o. mstava-ne'evvoe'tovhevhe tsvstoemose He lay there to watch

his wife (1987:252).
-ne'evvhhtse
vai. tracks recognized. -ne'evvhhtse. His tracks were recognized. The tracks identify who left them. fai: -ohohts.
-ne'evvono'tov vta. watch s.o. -ne'evvono'tovho He watched him. -ne'evvom vta. watch s.o. -ne'evvoomho. He watched him (for example, while babysitting). See: he'xanoh(n); -vom; -v'hom; -nhpa'ov.
-ne'evvosan vai. watch. See: -v'hosan; -vosan. -ne'evvsne He watched/he looked after.
tsohke-ne'evvsnstse umpire (lit. the one who watches). taa'va tsohke-ne'evvsnstse
night watchman.
ne'evvxe'stoo'o ni. identification card. Usage: neologism. n'eve- pv. forward, more, add on. -n'evenane. It's postponed (lit. placed forward). -n'eve'xna.
He broke it into pieces. See: maato; nhst'e; hna'ove-.
n'evhne'enovhesttse mxe'stnemh'o
Usage: neologism.
ni. college.Literally: keep on learning school.
-n'eve's'ham
vta. pull BodyPartMedial: -'es.
up pants.
N'eve's'hameha!
Pull up your pants (hurriedly)!
-ne'vse' vai. fall and turn over. -ne'vs'o. ?? He fell and turned over (similar to a somersault). -n'evonhne vai. scoot up, sit up straight. N'evonhnstse! Sit up straight! -ne'hahe vai. be the same. -ne'hahe He is the same. Nhe ne-ne'hahe He is the same one as that one
(already spoken about). tanena'he-ne'hheo'o They three are the same (for example, Trinity). See: -sest.
-n'ha'e vii. be the same. -n'ha'e It is the same. ne-n'ha'e. It is the same. See: -ses; -ne'ho't. n'hne ni. lake. Usage: appears to be obsolescing; a newer term would be tssha mahpe, lit. 'where
the water is spread out'.Pl: n'hnstse. Oblique: n'hanva.
ne'hanva obl. at the lake. IndepNoun: ne'hne. See: ma'xene'hanva; ma'xeo'h'e. -ne'h'etov'tov vta. bawl out. See: -v'hot; -v'hoevaen. Nma'xe-ne'h'etov'tova He was really
getting after me. [LF 8/93]
-ne'ho't fii. room. s'nhee-ne'h'ta. It is still the same. (1987:236). 'etshetnoehoo'o ksovhe
tshee-ne'ho'tatse hne vee'e. The young man looked around (to see) how that tepee was sized up. (1980:65:40).Variant: -ene'ho't. See: -ses; -ne'ha'e; -po'o't.
-ne'hnov
vai. talk; chat. The difference between -estse and -ne'hnov is that -estse is more purposeful, organized speaking, such as a speech that someone gives, while -ne'hnov is talking/chatting, less organized speaking. -ne'hnva. He's talking/chatting. mhene'hnovao'o. They are all talking at the same time. fai: -nov. See: -estse; -hnov. vai. sit chatting, sit talking. -ne'hnovaa'e. He sat talking. Final: -nov. Notes (Phonology) vs
-ne'hnovaa'e
-ne'hnovaohts vai. go along discussing; go along chatting. N-ne'hnovaohtsme. We went along

discussing.
n'ne na. your older brother. Stem: -'nh. -n'ht vti. lick s.t. -n'hta. He licked it. vta: -n'om; Final: -ht. Etymology: *no:skwa:tamwa. -n'om vta. lick s.o. -n'omho. He licked him. vti: -n'ht. See: -nnom. n'oma'e ni. sandy place. -n'poe'e -n'poeotse
vai. look over standing, stand looking over. -n'poe'e. He is standing looking over (something). Notes (Phonology) vs vai. peek. sta-n'poeotsesstse 'xeanva He looked over the edge of the cliff.
[JOURNEY.TXT]
-n'pee vai. lie peeking. for example, as hunters lie on the ground looking for game. -n'pe. He's
lying peeking.
-n'poe'tov vta. peek at s.o. A'e mhnhme'-n'poe'toehevhe. Close by (her husband; obv.) could
watch her. [1987:252]
-n'po' vai. peek over, look over. PD: 'craned neck to look'. -n'p'o. He peeked/he looked over.
Notes (Phonology) not vs
ne'pottse
na. crane, stork, blue heron.Pl: ne'pottseo'o. Obviative: ne'pottseho ??. See: voestso; nee'phehe.
n's- i. extract; remove. See: n't-; -n'stsem. Etymology: *kyii's-. n'sepv. take off. -n'sestsehna He took off his coat. -n'sestse'hen
vai. remove shirt (or coat). -n'sestse'hna. He took his shirt (or coat) off. N'sestse'hntse Take your coat off! N'sestse'hna Take your coat off! (said to more than
one person).
-n'se'xan's vta. cut out the eye of s.o. -n'se'xan'sho He cut his eye(s) out. -n'seotse vai. vii. come off. -n'seotse It (or he) came off. -n'ssan vai. undress. -n'ssne. He is undressing. fai: -san2; Antonym: -e'ssan. -n'ssan'ham vta. jerk clothes off s.o. -n'ssann
vta. undress s.o. -n'ssaneno. He undressed him (for example, his child). fai: -san2; Antonym: -e'ssann. See: -vvo'kan. vai. navel bulge out. -n'sst'ne. His navel bulges out. BodyPartMedial: -sta'n, too'stan's. head of s.o., hit s.o. very hard.
-n'sst'n
-n'ssta'n vai. Medial: -hta'n.navel bulge out. -n'sst'ne his navel bulges out. Initial: knock=off -n'sstsh(n) vta. remove head of s.o. See: -oom. -n'sstshnho He 'knocked his head off'/he hit
him really hard.
-n'sev'ham vta. remove something from s.o. by hitting ?? -n'sev'hamho He hit him really hard.
Nma'xe-n'sev'hamvo (?) heme'ko I really knocked his head off.
ne'e-
pv. strong denial. This preverb in conjunction with preverb h- forms powerful denials of
accusations. The words in this entry are morphologically questions, but they function as strong statements, that is, these are a certain class of Cheyenne rhetorical questions. Nne'hene'enahe! I don't know anything about it at all! N-ne'hton'tovhe! I didn't do ANYTHING to him! N-ne'hoxhehe! I DIDN'T say ANYTHING! N-ne'hheve! I did NOT say that! N-ne'hnaotsehe! I WASN'T asleep! N-ne'hoomohe No way I hit him! N-ne'htonevehe I didn't do ANYTHING! (cf. nhtonve What did you do?!). Tsa'e nto'se-ne'htone'htsehe. I'm not going ANYWHERE! This preverb cannot be used with VII stems (nor with any person other than first person ??), so the following is ungrammatical: *ne'hhoo'khohe. No way it rained! Instead, one would have to say something like the following: sathe'hoo'khhane. It has never rained. See: h-; me'h-.
n't- i. extract; empty; doff; remove. See: n's-. -ne'thtm vta. regard s.o. as important. -ne'thtamho. He considers him important. vta: -ne'ttsest.
See: -n'ta'e; -nthvatam.
-ne'tahe
vai. main, important. See: -ntahe; -nno'tahe; -ho'eman. -ne'tahe. He is main one (for example, the main player on a basketball team). ts-ne'taestse the one who is important. Usage: The participle has been used as a post-missionary term for 'the Lord.' Not well known today with its church language meaning.. Etymology: cf. *ke'tesiwa old person. vii: -n'ta'e.
-ne'th'tov vta. supervise s.o. -ne'th'tovho He supervises him. -ne'th'e vai. stand important. -ne'th'e He's important standing; standing up important. Notes
(Phonology) vs
-ne'thvotse'ohe vai. be foreman. -ne'thvotse'ohe. He's foreman.Literally: important-work. -n'thth vai. doff; remove pants. -n'ththa. He's taking his pants off. N'thhtse! Take your
pants off! Antonym: -e'ththa.
-n'thtsenno'ham vai. unbridle horses. N-n'thtsenno'hme I unbridled horses. -n'ta'e vii. important, main thing. -n'ta'e. It's the main thing ; it's important. sa-ne'ta'hane. It is
not important. Notes (Phonology) iah vai: -ne'tahe. See: -nta'e.
-n'ta'en vti. disconnect; untie; undo s.t./s.o. Antonym: -onha'en. -n'ta'na. He disconnected it.
vta. -n'ta'enho He disconnected him. N-n'ta'no mo'hno'ha I untied the horse.
-n'ta'hahts vti. jerk out s.t. can refer to pulling out penis after intercourse. -n'ta'hhtse. He jerked
it out. See: -hesta'hahts.
-n'ta''h vta. extract; take out s.o. stava-n'ta''hosesto nhe oonh'e. (The man) took the frog back
out of (the snake). [1987:286]
-n'ta''ts vti. extract s.t.; take out s.t. (o'ts??) mhnh-n'ta'o'tshhe heka'o'e He drew his pistol
(Stamper 1991:10).
-ne'ta'ov vta. crowd out s.o. that is, not leave room for s.o. -ne'ta'ovho. He did not leave room for
him. See: -neta'ov.
-n'tan vti. vta. extract s.t./s.o., take out s.t./s.o. -n'tna. He extracted it. -ne'ttsest vti. regard s.t. as important. See: -n'ta'e. -ne'ttssta He considers it important. -n'toeha' vai. remove hat. -n'toeh'e. He took his hat off. Antonym: -e'thkha'. -n'toest vai. take off dress, remove dress. -n'tosta. She took her dress off. N'tsthtse! Take
your dress off!
-n'the'on vai. scrape out bowl of pipe. -n'the'na He's scraping out the bowl of his pipe. n'theoenvetoo'o -n'thkha'
ni. Pl: n'theoenvetontse.
ashtray.
See: -oesepen.Literally: remove-ashes-container.
vai. remove; take off hat. See: -e'thkha'a. -n'thkh'a. He took his hat off. N'thkh'tse! Take your hat off!Variant: -n'toeha'.
-n'thkha'n vta. take off hat of s.o. See: -e'thkha'n. -n'thkha'nho He took his hat off. -n'thkha'oesta'xe vai. hat bounce off. -n'thkha'oesta'xe. His cap bounced off. -n'th(n) vta. extract s.o. by tool. -n'thnho. He extracted him. -n'thta'n vti. uncork; take lid off s.t. -n'thta'na. He took the lid off of it.
vta. unbutton s.o.; take something off s.o.Variant: -n'thta'nho. (younger speakers). n'thta'eno. He took something off him. N'thta'neha! Unbotton him (esp. your shirt)!
-n'thta'no'ham vai. unbridle horses. -n'thta'no'hme. He's unbridling his horse(s).Variant: n'thtsenno'ham.
-n'tht'eooh'
vti. dislocate s.t. -n'tht'eooh'a nhtatamoo'o I dislocated my shoulder.
He dislocated it. N-n'tht'eooh'a
-n'tht'eotse vai. vii. be dislocated; be out of=joint. -n'tht'eotse It (or he) is out of joint/it is
dislocated (for example, bone).
-n'thtsenno'ham
vai. unbridle horses. horse(s).Variant: -n'thta'no'ham.
-n'thtsenno'hme.
He's
unbridling
his
-n'to' vai. remove shoes. -n't'e. He took off his shoes (or moccasins etc.). N't'stse! Take your
shoes off! Antonym: -e'ha'.
ne'to'- pv. directly ?? N-ne'to'n'ho I murdered him. N-ne'to'mso I directly shot him. -n'to'n
vti. remove s.t., unload s.t. for example, to unload a gun. -n'to'na. He unloaded it. N'to'nhtse! Unload it! Antonym: -to'n. vta. remove s.o., unload s.o.
-ne'to'na'h vta. murder s.o. -ne'to'na'hho. He murdered him. See: -na'h. -ne'to'na'han vta. murder. -ne'to'na'hne. He murdered. vta: -ne'to'na'h. See: -hoxhevos ??; na'h.
ne'to'na'hanmatanev'ho'e na. marshall.Literally: murder-policeman. -ne'to'na'san vai. murder (a person/persons). -ne'to'na'sne He murdered (someone/someones). -ne'to'na'xvaen
vta. murder kill s.o. quickly. See: -na'xvaen. Nhhe ansma stane'to'na'xvaenaehoono nhe nahkhho nhe hetane. The man was killed by the bears there outside. (1987:262). Final: -even.
-n'to'sen vta. spill out guts of s.o. -n'to'seno He spilled his guts out. ne't'eveto p. specifically the person. See: oetama ?; oohtsheta. -n'tonenn vta. take out teeth of s.o. Nohke-n'tonennahtse. I take my teeth out. for example, take
false teeth out at night.
-n'tonenotsto vii. come out of gear.Literally: out-teeth-become-II. -n'tonenotsto. (The vehicle)

came out of gear.
ne'to'se
ni. eyetooth, upper front tooth. Etymology: *ke'ta:pici. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: ne'testse. See: ve'se tooth.
-n'tsa'hahts vti. jerk s.t. out of the ground. -n'tsa'hhtse He jerked it out of the ground. n'tovasstse voc. brothers-in-law (man's). n'tove- pv. in common; together; mixed. N-n'tove'ennone we own this together. -ne'tovem'ha It
has a mixed smell (for example, perfume and B.O. at the same time).
n-'tve n'tve
na. my (of man) brother-in-law. tshe-v'tvto the one who is my brother-in-law. See: 'tve your brother-in-law; -tove body; ntove my body. na. my brother-in-law (of man). 'tve your brother-in-law. hev'tovo his brother-in-law. Etymology: *nii'ta:wa.
-ne'tovenestse vai. mumble, mix up speech. -ne'tovenestse. He is mumbling. -n'toveotse vai. move together. -n'toveotse. It (or he) moved together/it is together. ?? stanen'toveotssesto. They moved together. (1987:3).
n'tvto
p. all together; in common; in total. hoeme n'tvto the total cost was expensive. See: nemheto. amvhto'he; he-.
-n'tovhto'he vai. unpack. e.g. of unloading a pickup truck. -n'tovhto'he. He unpacked. See: -n'tovohts vti. extract s.t.; remove s.t. for example, out of a sack or bin. -n'tovhtse. He took it out. -n'txeon
vai. remove; take off socks. Antonym: -e'txeon. -n'txena. He took his socks off. N'txentse! Take your socks off!
-nmahe vai. be slanted; be crooked. for example, of a board (an.) or of a dishonest person. -nmahe.
He is crooked. Synonym: -vovhkahe.
-nmhtse vai. have a crooked mouth; Bell's palsy. -nmhtse. He has a crooked mouth/he has Bell's
palsy.Literally: slanted-mouth. Medial: -ahtsen. Etymology: cf. M piimeton. See: -nmn; nmen.
-nmhtsen'o'h vta. give s.o. a crooked mouth; Bell's palsy. if someone has Bell's palsy, it is often
said that a ghost must have touched him. -nmhtsen'o'hho He gave him a crooked mouth.
taa'va nstsev'novo'eohtsme; mstaa'e nstse- nmhtseno'havo Don't eat outside at night! A
ghost will give you crooked mouths.
-nmhtsenotse
vai. get a crooked mouth. -nmhtsenotse. He got a crooked mouth. Taa'va nstsev'novo'eohtsme; nstse-nmhtsenotsme! Don't eat outside at night; you will get
crooked mouths!
-nma'a'ov vta. chase around s.o. -nma'a'ovho. He chased them around. For instance, to chase horses
around a corral.
nma'e- i. circular; around; revolve. cf. v- which is 'around' in the sense of 'about', not circular motion
as with this entry.
-nma'ehn
vai. walk around, circular walk. taohkevho'-nma'hne tshhe tsstatoo'tse nhe na'stse. (The woman) goes clear around back to where she tied that one (tepee pole). nma'hneo'o. They walked around in circles. [1987:223]
nma'hnma'kaatnstse ni. loan money.Literally: circling.around-monies. nma'hnesttse ni. Forty-niner Dance. See: nma'hom'hesttse. -nma'ht -nma'e'h
vta. surround s.o. ?? Nnovshse-nma'htvo. Then you (plural) surrounded him again. ?? [Head Chief text] vai. fly around, circle while flying, fly in a circle. See: -ve'h. Mhneno'vsenma'e'hhevhe. (e'h??) They were flying around there also. (1987:95).
Nma'e'hhtse vai. Flies Around, Flies Circling. -nma'e'hoohe vai. fly circular, fly around. -nma'e'hoohe. He flew around in circles. -nma'' vta. cock head to the side. -nma''o. He cocked his head to the side. -nma'e'ov vta. circle s.o. -nma'e'ovho. He keeps going around him. See: -ama'ov. -nma'e'sev vii. eddy, flow in circular fashion, be a whirlpool. tsh-nma'e'svo where there is an
eddy. -nma'e'svo. It's a whirlpool. Final: -'sev.
-nma'emohe vai. run around, run in a circle. -nma'emohe. He ran in a circle. Nv'e mhnma'emohehevhe. For four days they ran around. (1987:245). fai: -mohe.
-nma'e vai. stand around, hang around. -nma'e'e. He keeps hanging around. Notes (Phonology)
vs
-nma'eohe vai. run around. Nv'e mh-nma'eohehevhe for four days they ran around (the hill)
(1987:246).
nma'eohesttse ni. race track. See: nvhsts-m'o. Nma'e'stse vai. Standing Around. Notes (Phonology) vs Nma'e'stse vai. Standing Around. Notes (Phonology) vs -nma'otse vai. vii. turn around. -nma'otse. He (or it) turned around. -nma'eotseh vta. take around s.o. Ts'tohe hevaho ohke-nma'eotshho he'eo'o. This rope is carried
around by women. [1987:224]
-nma'evonehn vai. crawl around, crawl in a circle. -nma'evonhne. He crawled around in a circle. nma'ke
na. snail, shell. Usage: obsolescing. Etymology: nma'keo'oPl: nma'keho. Obviative: nma'keho.
cf.
piimeskih.
AltPl
-nma' vai. vii. slide sideways. -nm'o. He/It slid sideways. for example, of a car sliding on ice. -nma'e' vai. vii. float in a circle. -nma''o. It floated around in a circle. -nma'homo'he vai. round dance. -nma'homo'he. He round danced. -nma'hom'heo'o. They
are round dancing. Final: -ohom'he.
nma'hom'hesttse ni. round dance. -nma'o'hotse vai. run in a circle. -nma'o'hotse. He ran in a circle. -nma''a'ham vta. throw s.o. around. -nma''a'hamho. He threw him around. that is, throw s.o. in
a circular motion. fta: -a'ham.
nma''a'hasename'hahttse ni. helicopter.Literally: revolve-?-flying-thing. -nma'''o vai. spin, twirl. -nma'''o. He twirled. Final: -a'. -nema''a'xe vai. ride on a merry-go-round. Nth-nema''a'xmne! Let's go ride on the merry-goround! fai: -a'xe.
-nma''an vti. vta. encircle; go around s.t./s.o. he'kone-nma''ane. It (for example, a jar lid) is on
tight. ohkete-nma''ane hox'va. They go around the lodgepole. [1987:223]
nma'o'e-
pv. circular; around; revolve. -nma'o'eamehtse He's walking in a circle. 'hkenenma'o'em'senhehxovo'hotseo'o. They did that until they finished crisscrossing. (1987:177). Tshhe ee-nma'o'e'kavoe'too'o! Just hang around here (delayed imperative)!
(humorous literal transl.; 1987:178).
-nma''e'kovoeto vai. hang around. -nma''e'kovoeto He hung around. a humorous literal loan
translation. See: -hoeto?. Nma''e'kovoetme Hang around (pl)! (a more idiomatic translation would have been something like nhoo'e ?).
nma''haseo'o ni. hatband. See: hoxstsahesttse. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: nma''haseontse. -nma''ehn vai. walk around. See: -nma'ehn. taohke-nma''hneo'o They go around (the tepee
poles) (1987:223).
nma''ht vta. walk around s.o. -nma''emohe vai. strain to turn in a circle. -nma''emohe. He's turning in a circle. fai: -mohe.
See: -nma'emohe run in a circle.
-nma''en vti. revolve s.t., turn s.t. in a circular fashion, twist s.t. -nma''na. He twisted it around.
Nh-nma''nhtse! Twist it! Nma''nhtse nstaneo'o! Turn the doorknob! vta. revolve s.o., turn s.o. in a circular fashion, twist s.o. -nma''enho. He turned him by
hand. for example, to wind up a windup clock (animate).
-nma''eohe vai. circle quickly by wagon; go around corner. ta-nma''eohe. He went around the
corner.
-nma'o'eohts vai. circle. -nma'o'eohtseo'o. They went around in a circle. -nma''stnan vai. barricade around. -nma''stnne. He put up a barricade around (something).
See: -amst'enen.
-nma''ee vai. lie in a circle. -nma''e. He's lying in a circular position. -nma''even vta. encircle s.o. Nh-nma''evenneo'o ntxv'h'e We (quickly) (kept on) circled
the soldiers (for example, at the Battle of the Little Big Horn).
-nma''hahts vti. swing s.t. around and around. -nma''hhtse He swung it around and around
(that is, "revolved" it).
-nma'o'haso'he vai. ride horse in a circle. -nma'o'haso'he. He rode a horse in a circle. -nma''he'ke'e
vai. stick around. See: -. -nma''he'ke'e He stuck around. Nma''he'ke'stse Stick around! (humorous; a more idiomatic translation would be something like nhoo'stse?). Usage: humorous loan transl.. Notes (Phonology) vs
nma''hkha'e ni. crown. See: hhkha'e. Usage: neologism.Literally: around-hat. Nma''o'tonhhe

na. Chinese person.Literally: around.(head)-braided-one. Khanheo'oPl: Nma''o'tonhheo'o. AltPl =
Nma''o'tonhve'ho'e na. Chinese.Pl: Nma''o'tonhv'h'e. See: Hesto'tonhve'ho'e; Khanhe. -nma'o'than vti. put up around s.t., encircle s.t.
vta. put up around s.o., encircle s.o. esp. refers to putting up the poles of a tepee frame around the first three-poles tripod. Nohketoo'etoo'o hox'e hta-nma'o'thanvosstse. I've tied the
poles as they are being put up around (the tripod). [1987:180]
-nma''ts vti. turn around s.t. msta(ohke)tn=hva=nma'o'tshhe. He must have turned it (the
plow) somehow. [1987:70]
-nma'o'vsoh
vti. dig around s.t. for example, dig a trench around something. hmheamenma'o'vsohe. There was a trench clear around. (1987:27). vai. turn around while plowing. ts'vho'-nma'ma'xvse xxamaemhehee'venohhoo'o when he came back around plowing he was just all dirty (1987:70). Reduplicated: -onma'ma'xov; Final: -ma'xov. naa nhe'e mh-nma'neanhenovhe. and then they made a fence around it. (1980:6:8). nma'neane. It's fenced in. vta. make a fence around s.o., wind around s.o. -nma'neanho. He made a fence around him. Medial: -n.
-nma'ma'xov
-nma'nean vti. make a fence around s.t., wind around s.t. -nma'nena. He made a fence around it.
-nma'neanen vai. fence around. -nma'neanne. He made a fence around (something). -nma'nee vai. stand in a circle. Notes (Phonology) vs -nma'neeeo'o. They are standing in a
circle. s'emae-nma'neeeo'o ho'honeo'o. There is still a circle of stones. (1987:18). Tshv'hoomono h-nma'neeeo'o. When I looked at (the sagehens) they were in a circle. (1987:177).
-nma'neoe vai. sit in a circle. -nma'neoeo'o. They are sitting in a circle. See: -nma'nee. -nma'neoe'tov vta. sit around s.o. -nma'neoe'tovovo. They are sitting in a circle around him. -nma'to'a'
vai. vii. spin; roll. Hekv'stse ameenma'to'a'nstse. Tumbleweeds are going
along tumbling.
-nma'taovhka'xe vai. turn around quickly driving. -nma'taovhka'xe. He quickly turned around
driving.
-nman vti. vta. slant s.t., slant s.o. -nmna He put it on a slant. Etymology: cf. M piimenam. -nmax vti. cut s.t. crooked. -nmxa. He cut it crooked. Nmee'se na. Crooked Nose. name given to a clerk. -nmees vai. have a crooked nose. -nmese He has a crooked (slanted to one side) nose. -nme'' vai. turn rump around. 'hkxaeto'sene-nme''esstse nhe x'o. The skunk would
start to turn its rump (towards him). [1987:283] Final: -'es.
-nme'xan vai. have a crooked eye(s). See: -onme'xan. -nme'xne He has a crooked eye(s). -nm'ha vai. fly slanted, fly crooked. -nm'ha. He flew while slanted/crooked. Nme'on'e na. Crooked Pipe Woman. -nmen
vai. sing; make music. -nmne. He is singing. The singular subject verb form sounds exactly the same as the verb form meaning 'have a crooked face', which has prompted some speakers to give a folk etymology that the Cheyenne verb 'sing' includes the idea of having a crooked face. However, the two verbs are actually different, as shown by different pitches in forms having other than a simple singular subject. For instance, sanmenheo'o means 'they are not singing,' while sanmenheo'o means 'they have crooked faces.'. -nmeneo'o. They are singing. sa-nmenheo'o. They didn't sing. Nto'sev'e-nmne thpeno? Are you going to play a flute? vti: nmen't. See: -non; -nmn. vta: -nmeov, nmet. vai. crooked face. -nmne He has a crooked face. sa-nmenheo'o They don't have crooked faces. Initial: nm-; Medial: -n. See: -nmen; -nmahtse. Etymology: *pye:miinkweewa (Go88).
-nmn
-nmenee'e vai. sit singing. -nmenee'e. He's sitting singing. Nmen'hhe na. Singing Woman. See: He'hnmnstse. -nmen'heneve vai. be a singing person. chiefs were like this. -nmen'heneve He is a person
who sings a lot. [1987:149]
-nmen't vti. sing s.t. hnxho'he-nmen'tnse ts'the 'khme. This coyote was overheard (by
the man) singing it (the song). [1987:300]
-nmen'e vai. stand dancing, dance standing (sing standing ??). -nmen'e. He stood dancing.
[CLIFF.TXT:3]
Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -.
-nmenstanotse vai. twist knee. -nmenstanotse. He twisted/dislocated/sprained his knee. See: nmononotse.
nmenesttse
ni. song; radio; stereo; music; piano.Literally: singing-thing. Pl: nmenstottse. See: nmeo'tse. nmononotse.
-nmeoh' vti. twist s.t. -nmeoh'a. He twisted it. N-nmeoh'a na'ahtse. I twisted my wrist. See: nmeo'tse ni. song.Pl: nmeottse. na-nmeo'tse my song. na-nmeottse my songs. he-nmeotsevtse
their songs. na-nmeotantse our (excl) songs. Notes (Phonology) vs Etymology: cf. Ar niibt. See: nmenesttse; -noo'tse.
-nmeoh'tov vta. sing for s.o. -nmeoh'tovho. He sang for him. See: -nmeov; -nmet; -nmen. -nmet vta. sing to s.o. -nmeoto. He sang to him. -nmetho. He sang to him. (younger speakers'
pronunciation). See: -nmeov; -nmen.
-nmeov vta. sing for s.o. for example, for his enjoyment. -nmeovho. He sang for him. -nmeohe.
He was sung to. vai: -nmen. See: -nmet; -nmeovomotah; -nmeoh'tov.
-nmeovomotah vta. sing for s.o. to sing as a substitute for s.o. -nmeovomothho He sang for him
(in substitution). nhtanmeo-vomotho I'll sing for him (as substitute). See: -nmeov sing for s.o..
-nmsa'ov vta. trip s.o. -nmsa''e. He (obviative) tripped him. N-nmsa'vo. I tripped him. -nmstseva' vai. vii. skid. -nmstsev'o. It skidded. for example, of a car that skids on ice or
mud.
-nmee vai. 1 lie slanted.

2 fig., have lots of money. -nme. He has lots of money. That is, he has so much money in his pocket that he's lying on a slant. See: -nmoo'e.
nemme na. your grandfather; your father-in-law. Stem: -mm. Nemevota Rain Being. a kind of personified name for lightning ?? See: nonma'e. -nm vii. be slanted; crooked. -nmo It's slanted. Reduplicated: -onm. See: -vhk. -nmosen vai. hang slanted. -nmose He (for example, a picture) is hanging crooked. -nmost fii. float on a slant, hang slanted. can be said of a truck that is leaning to one side. amenmsta. It's going along on a slant.
-nmostnen vai. off schedule. -nmostnne. He (esp. baby) is not on schedule. for example, of a
baby not on family's eating schedule.
nmheo'o na. turner, deflector. This is a family artifact (badge) which hangs from the top of a tepee
pole and deflects harm from the people who live in that tepee. It appears that it may be possible to incorporate this term into the standard Ch. 'have' verb frame, for example, n-henmheonentse 'I have him as my badge.' There is uncertainty about this with current speakers, however. Usage: obsolescing. Simplified Spelling: nemhoyo'o.
-nmhkha'otse
vai. get mad, get angry, anger.Literally: come to have a crooked hat. Usage: humorous idiom. -nmhkha'otse. He got mad. See: -momta'eotse.
-nmo'eehe vai. wrapped hair. For example, men used to wrap their braids with cloth. -nmo'eehe.
His hair is wrapped. Oha hetaneo'o ohkee-nmo'eheo'o. He'eo'o ohksa-nmo'eehheo'o. Only men have wrapped braids. Women do not wrap their braids. (1987:391).Variant: nmo'keehe.
Nmo'eehe
na. Wrapped Hair, Braided Locks.Literally: Wrapped Braid. origin of family name Brady.Variant: Nmo'keehe.
nmo'ehstoto na. yarn, braid tying material. esp. for men; usually of yarn or buckskin. plural since
there are always at least two.
-nmo'etahe vai. do something crooked. -nmo'etahe He did something crooked. Nmo'keehe na. Wrapped Hair.Variant: Nmo'eehe. -nmo't vii. lean. -nm'ta. It's leaning.
-nmo'tonohe
vai. have a crooked braid. It is considered improper to wear a crooked braid. nmo'tonohe. He has a crooked braid.
-nmonea'xe vai. swing crooked, swing on a slant. -nmonea'xe. The swing is going crooked for him
as he swings (lit., he is swinging crooked). fai: -a'xe; Medial: -n.
-nmononotse vai. twist ankle. -nmononotse. He twisted his ankle. BodyPartMedial: -non. See: nmeoha'; -nmenstanotse.
-nmoo'e vai. 1 lean to the side. -nmoo'e. He's leaning to the side.
2 fig., have a lot of money. idiom arose because if your pocket is full of money, you can be said to lean to the side from the weight of the money. Notes (Phonology) vs
-nmsa'ov vta. trip s.o. -nmsa'ovho. He tripped him.Variant: -nhpsa'ov. -nmt vta. give something to s.o. which cannot be refused. for example, to give a gift to get a young
woman to marry your son or grandson. Nth-nmto. I'll take a request gift to her. -nmoto. He gave a gift to him which he could not refuse. (that is, a "request gift"). -nmotho. (variant of younger speakers). Nh-nmxeo'o! Do it for me (sometime)! Nh-nmoxstse! Do it for me! naa 'hkema'xe-nmotaesesto ntao'o hov'he hmtnse and he gave him a lot (for his medicine services), he gave him everything (1987:109). See: -hotsvt.
-nmotht vti. hold s.t. in the mouth. Hn'nse -nmothta. He's got something in his mouth.
[1980:55:100]
fti: -ht; Synonym: -tonotht.
nn- i. suck; nurse. nen- pfx. imperative prefix 'come on and ' (now) ?? Nen-asstse! Come (along)! Nen-ve'hoomemeno!
Look at us! Nen-tshe'htsestse tshhe p'ho'hmhpmhene! Come take me here to the saloon! [1987:175] Namhane, nen-evaasstse, nvan'htsehtse. Big sister, come back now, I have come after you. [1987:307] See: ven-; s'-.
Nenasstse! vai. Come here! Nenase! Come here! (said to more than one person). vai: -ase. See: nen-. -nne vai. nurse (suck at breast or bottle). This word is also used of animals that nurse. -nene. He is
nursing. -nneo'o. They are nursing. th-nene. He went to nurse. (teasingly said about somone going home to visit their mother). vta: -nnt. See: -nh nurse s.o.; -nstovohe nurse children; -nstovhet nurse s.o.; -vanen reach here and there; he'ennesttse nipple; nnesttse bottle. Etymology: *no:nwa.
nnhe p. Come nurse!; bottle; milk. Usage: babytalk said to nursing child, for example, for him to
come nurse on his bottle. vai: -nne.
-nne'e vai. nurse standing, stand nursing. -nne'e. He is standing nursing. for example, how a
calf nurses.
-nneotse
vai. nurse (of an infant); suckle. th-neneotse. He went to nurse. (humorous; refers to someone going home to visit their mother). See: -nene.
nenso na. your child. Holliman Spelling: ni niss sso. See: nanso my child. nnesttse ni. bottle. he-nnesttse his bottle.Literally: sucking thing. See: he'ennesttse nipple. -nnee vai. lie nursing. -nne. He's lying nursing. nnkenhah'enesttse ni. microwave oven.Literally: little.waves-fast-cook-NOM. Usage: neologism.
See: nevh'enoohesttse.
-nntan vai. want to nurse. -nntno. He wants to nurse. See: -nene. -nnht vti. suck on s.t. -nnhta. He sucked on it. sa-nnhthe. He did not suck on it. tsohkennhto pacifier. fti: -ht2; vta: -nnom, -nnt.
-nnom -nnt
vta. suck on s.o., nurse on s.o. -nnomho. He sucked on her (or him). -nnomho hemo'kono. He sucked his thumb. vai: -nne. See: -nnt; -n'om; -h'hevom. vta. suckle on s.o., nurse on s.o. -nnoto. He nursed on her.Variant: -nnotho. (younger speakers).. vai: -nne. Etymology: cf. M no:na:nae:w. See: -nnom; -nh.
nentove- pv. hurriedly. nentovenaotsstse Hurry; go to sleep!Variant: nontove-. Usage: subdialectal

variant of nontove-.
nenv- i. shortly.Variant: nonv-. nnvne ni. our (excl.) camp, our (excl.) home. Usage: obsolescing. See: nvne; nnve; nnvne. nenvepv. for a short while. tsstae-nenve'xvetse after a certain amount of time. tshne'enenveameehtse after we had traveled for some time. [1987:29]Variant: nonve-. See: novse-.
nnve ni. my home, my camp. Usage: obsolescing. See: nvne; hnve; -he-vnove. nenve'xvva obl. shortly, a little while later, awhile later, in a little while.Variant: nonve'xvva.
See: nenveto; kse'xvva; hehpe'xvva.
nenveto p. shortly, a little while later, sometime soon. See: nve-; h'tva; hehpeto.Variant: nonveto. -nenvoo'e
vai. stay for awhile. See: nve-. Antonym: -ha'hoo'e. Nv'ne-nenvoo'e. I just stayed a short while. Htsetseha thhe ntxve'ho'eno taet'-nenvoeo'o. Now over there at the barracks they have been there awhile. [1987:52] Notes (Phonology) vsVariant: -nonvoe.
Neohn'e na. Walking Towards Woman. translation uncertain ?? ne'k- i. tight fit. -ne'kahe vai. tight. Nastse'he ne'kahe. My coat is tight. See: -ne'kestse'hen. -ne'kestse'hen vai. have on a tight fitting shirt (or coat). -ne'kestse'hna. He has on a tight
fitting shirt.
-ne'ke'see'e vai. wear pants too tight. -ne'ke'see'e. His pants are too tight. Medial: -'es. Notes
(Phonology) vs
-ne'kene'ho't vai. be a small; tight space; room. -ne'kene'h'ta. It is a small/tight space/room.

Final: -ene'ho't. See: -msho'k.
-ne'keotse vii. become a tight fit. -ne'keotse It (or he?) is full/it is a tight fit (for example, a capacity
crowd in a building).
-ne'ksan vai. wear tight clothes. -ne'ksne. He's wearing tight clothes. fai: -san2. -ne'kee vai. lie crowded. -ne'ke. He slept crowded. See: -msho'kee. -ne'k vii. be a tight fit. -ne'ko. It is a tight fit. See: -msho'k. -ne'ksta vai. wear a tight fitting dress. -ne'ksta. She has on a tight fitting dress. fai: -oest. -ne'ko'khan vai. wear tight fitting shoes. -ne'ko'khna He has on tight-fitting shoes. -ne'ko'xhtaha vai. wear tight fitting pants. -ne'ko'xhtaha. He has on tight-fitting pants. -ne'ko'xhtaha vai. wear tight pants. -ne'ko'xhtaha. He's wearing tight pants. -ne'ko'xhthao'o.
They are wearing tight pants.
neonn'e p. blindly, haphazardly, taking a chance. Neonn'e nvseanhne. I didn't know how to do it
but I tried to help with the butchering. Synonym: nhshma; Antonym: nn'se.
ns- i. two. See: n-. nes- i. heat; hot. -nsom'ta. it's hot liquid. See: ne-. nsna. be him, be the one. m-nshanevhe It was him (obv.; inf.). (1987:270). hothtse mnshanhe n=hetane Here, that was him, that man (inf.). (1987:270). nshoo'o He is the one (surp.). hv=mhe nssesto tsnshtxese tsnshtxese tshemh'tovhtsese Apparently they are (attrib.) the seven (stars), the seven who are sisters. (1987:305:21). See: mnshanhe; nea'hanehe; heta'hanehe. ni. be it, be that. This stem requires third person plus mode (evidentiality) affixes. naa nstsnse nhe'xvva tsheeon'semenhese tsto'sheee'oestaaese And THAT WAS THE
TIME/MOMENT that he truly said that he was going to be baptized (Stamper 1991:6).
nse- pv. foul; strong. -nsem'ha. It smells awful. for example, spoiled meat, feces, or a gas smell on
a car. See: he-.
nshoo'o pro. he (is) the one (surp.). emphasis or surprise marked by the surprisal suffix. nshoono
They are the ones ?? See: nsvoohe; m=hnsehe; nea'hanevhe; nsesstse.
ns'e na. my friend (female friend of a female). Masculine: nsne.Variant: more modern variant is navs'e.
ns'h'e na. mother dog; bitch.Variant: ns'kh'e; ns'th'e. Pl: nse'h'eo'o. ns'k'e na. mother dog; bitch.Variant: ns'h'e; ns'th'e. Pl: nse'kh'eo'o. -nse'nva vai. hunt for small game. small game would be rabbits, birds, squirrels, etc.; -mhn is
the more general work for hunt and typically means 'hunt for large game'. humans or animals (for example, cats, dogs) can hunt as -nse'nv. -nse'nva He hunted.
-nsem vai. summon spirit helpers. -nsma. He talked to spirits (in a ceremony). A menstruating
woman could not attend this ceremony. See: nsemoo'o.
nsema'hhe voc. friend (voc.) ?? nsema'hahe na. my friend; chum (male to male). See: nsne. -nsemah'ne vai. cook with smell. nse-mah'ne. She is cooking something that smells (can be
a good or bad smell). See: -mah'en.
-nsema'h vii. strong smell, smelly. apparently can be good or bad smell, but always a strong smell,
for example burning tires or strong perfume. -nsem'ha. It has a strong smell. pvensem'hnstse. They (inan) smell good. fii: -ma'h. See: -hoxema'h.
-nsema'xe
vai. smelly, have a strong smell. -nsema'xe. He is smelly. (Msta)nhtseveots'tovhevhe nhe ts-nsema'xetsese (The man) looked for this one who was smelly. (1987:282). fai: -ma'xe.
-nseme'e vai. stand smelly. -nseme'e. He is standing smelly. -nsemeotse vii. vai. strong smelling. -nsemeotse. It/He is strong smelling. See: -hemeotse. -nsemee vai. lie smelly, lie in a smelly place. -nseme. He is smelly lying (there). nsemoo'o
na. spirit helper, familiar spirit, spirit; genie, spirit guide.Pl: nsemono. Obviative: nsemono. This is a spirit which could belong, in particular, to a medicine man. The
medicine man could call his familiar to give him information such as where to find something (or someone) which was lost. A familiar could outlive the person who belonged to him (the actual "owner" in the relationship was the familiar; the human who entered into relationship with him was "owned" by the familiar. It was an agreement something like selling one's soul to the familiar, in turn for getting the guidance of the familiar.) Familiars could be transferred to another person through teaching. The names of some of the most important nsemono are: Khamhta'soma 'Short Shadow', Nomhts'h'o 'Thief, Stealer' (this familiar, esp., could help retrieve lost horses); Onha'e 'Frog'. 'stshn't'e nsemono. The spirits entered into him. vai: -nsem summon spirit helper(s).
-nsemoname na. spirit helper (poss.). na-nsemoname my spirit helper. he-nsemonamo his spirit
helper.
nsne
na. my friend (male friend of a male). nsenhane our friend. Vocative: nsenhasstse (pl).Pl: nseneo'o. Feminine: ns'e. See: -vsene; nsema'hahe. Etymology: O niijii/niijikiwe (N).
-nsenva'e vii. very bad. -nsenva'e. It's very bad. See: -senva'e; -hvsva'e. -nsenvostomo'he
personality.
vai. have a very bad personality. -nsenvostomo'he. He has a very bad
-nsenovomhtahe vai. very sick, sick very badly. -nsenovomhtahe. He is extremely sick. nsesstse pro. he (is) the one (attrib.). the attrib. suffix gives the idea of hearsay.Pl: nssesto. transl. of
the pl. would be 'THEY were the ones'. hv=mhe nssesto tsnshtxese tsnsstxese tshemh'tovhtsese Apparently they are (attrib.) the seven (stars), the seven who are sisters (1987:305). See: ns-; -sstse; nshoo'o; nea'hanhe; nhe; mhenshanhe.
nsso
na. my cousin, my sibling. See: nssnhasstse Siblings! (voc.).Pl: na-vssono. Variant: vsso. Usage: obsolescing.
nssnhasstse voc. Siblings!, Cousins! See: nsso my sibling ; my cousin. nesstse ni. your rump; backside; rear. phonetic similarity with English 'nests' is humourously enjoyed.
See: -sstse. See: phoo'o.
-nstam vta. grudge toward s.o. - have a; outs with s.o. - be on the; mad at s.o.; angry at s.o. When
there is this relationship, there can be avoidance for a long time, but sometimes those on the outs with each other will repair the relationship by shaking hands with each other, esp. at Christmastime. -nstamho. He is mad at him. Mhotahtse, nv'-nstamhtsme! Love each other, don't be against each other! [1987:206] vai: -nstsstahe. See: -hnetsstov; -pt; momta'eh.
nsetxevhe ?? na. wet nurse. -nstsest vti. mad at s.t. -nstssta. He is mad at it. for example, a dog will grow at something that
it doesn't like. vta: -nstam.
-nstsstahe vai. dislikes people; be angry at people; carry grudges; spits at you growls; bares teeth;
-nstsstahe. He dislikes people / he is disagreeable. Cats and dogs can do this, with their hissing, growling, or display of teeth, and it is a common display of people. vta: -nstam. See: oxsttamaahe.
nstssth'heo'o
na. one who dislikes.Pl: nstssth'heono. Some have called some Mennonite Christians this, when they regard themselves as being disliked by them.
-nstssth'heneve vai. be a person who dislikes everyone. -nstssth'heneve. He is a person

who dislikes everyone/he is a selfish person.
nsvoohe (vooho??) p. Is he the person? speaker doesn't see him, but, for example, is describing
him.Pl: nsvoonevohe (voho??). See: nshoo'o; nea'hanevhe.
-nso na. child (poss.). refers to one's child by birth, while ka'kne simply means 'child'. Some speakers may
not use this term for a child older than a toddler. ma-nso child (1980:82:69). ma-nsoneho children. na-nso my child. na-nsoneho my children. na-nsonhaneo'o our (excl) children. nensonhaneo'o our (incl) children. he-nsono his child(ren). he-nsonhevho their child(ren). na-nsonhasstse my children (voc.). Obviative: na-nsoneho my child(ren); vai: -he-nsone. See: ka'kne child. Etymology: *neno:nya:na my child.
-nsehn vai. bear two children. -nshne. She bore two children. Final: -ehn. Nsoehnhe na. Two Babies. -nsoe'totse
vai. hooked together during intercourse. esp. of dogs which are back to back after coupling. e-nsoe'totseo'o oekseho. The dogs are already hooked together. See: hmoto'ham.
-nsoeme vai. vii. cost two dollars. -nsoeme it/he costs 2.Literally: (be.)two-valued. -nsh
vai. zero in on both. Mxhehpee'hohevhe tsohkhee-nshomevse ma'xnstse. He was more scared of (the skunk), since they zero in on both of one's eyes. (1987:283).
-nshkon vai. be split. hestohevono tse-nshkonaho his (cow's) hoofs will be split (1987:7). -nshkonahe
vai. split; your crotch. tsh-nshkonheto [PD]Literally: where you are split in two.
[1987:7:32]Literally:
tsh-nshkanaese
his/her crotch.
-nshkonvhaht -nshkonvetanev
vai. Medial: -haht.have split hoofs. -nshkonvhhta He has split hoofs. two(.split?)-footed. See: -netse'e. -nshkonvetanva
vai. Medial: -tanev.equivocate. equivocates/lies.Literally: split-tongued. 2 lie. Usage: fig..
He
-nshkonvetaneve vai. 1 have a split tongue. -nshkonvetaneve. He has a split tongue. -nshomo'he vai. both dance. not used with sg. subjects. -nshom'heo'o They both danced/the two
of them danced. Final: -ohom'he.
-nshoo'e vai. both swim, both wade. for example, swim: of fish, ducks, beavers, snakes, etc.; wade:
of people. -nshoeo'o. They are both wading. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -ohoo'e. See: nhoeo'o. They are both sitting there..
nsohto p. seven of, 7. See: nshtoha. Etymology: cf. *nyiiwa:tan0wi ??. nshtoha p. seven times. See: nsohto. Etymology: *nyiiwa:-tah0enwi (Go88). -nshtoh vii. seven (inan.) in number. -nshthnstse They (inan.) are 7 in number.
-nshthnstse vii. 7 of them (inanimate). -nshthnstse. There are 7 of them (inanimate). nshthepv. seven. -nshthenmeneo'o nshtheanma He is seven years old.
seven (for example, people) are singing. -
Nshthh'e na. Seven ? Woman. nshth'e for seven days. Nshthemn'e na. Seven Trails Woman. -nshthnoeme vai. vii. cost seven dollars. -nshthnoeme it/he costs 7. nshthn'e p. seventy. Etymology: *nyiiwa:-tah0w- 'seven' (initial) (Go88). nshthnve p. seven groups of. Final: -v. See: n'kve. -nshthnxe'ohe vii. seven o'clock. -nshthnxe'ohe it's 7 o'clock. -nshtxe vai. be seven (an.) in number. not used with sg. subject. -nshtxeo'o there are seven
(an.).
ns'e p. twenty. Etymology: *nyiiw- 'two' (initial). ns'e hhthnaeshtoha p. twenty-six times. ns'e hhthna'ha p. twenty-three times. ns'e hhthna'he p. twenty-three in number. ns'e hhthna'nhtoha p. twenty-eight times. ns'e hhthnshtoha twenty-seven times. ns'e hhthneva p. twenty-four times. ns'e hhthnexa p. twenty-two times. ns'e hhthnhona p. twenty-five times. ns'e hhthn'ka p. twenty-one times. ns'e hhthsohtoha twenty-nine times. -nso'eanam vai. be twenty years old. -nso'eanma He is twenty years old. -nso'hhthno'kheo'o vai. be twenty-one in number. -nso'hhthno'kheo'o there are twentyone (an.).
-nso'hhthno'keanma vai. be twenty-one years old. -nso'hhthno'keanma He is twentyone years old.
-ns'enome vai. fai: -nme.snore. -ns'enome. He snored. Nso'eeve na. Twenty Stands. Nso'e'e na. Twenty Stands Woman. -nso'ohe vai. be twenty in number. -nso'heo'o there are twenty (an.). -nso'o'e vii. twenty in number; twenty dollars. -nso'o'e. It is a $20 bill. -nso'o'nstse. There are
twenty of them (inan.).
-nso'o'nstse hhthnvnstse vii. twenty-four in number. -nso'o'nstse hhthnvnstse

there are 24 (inan.).
-nso'tonohe vai. have two braids. -nso'tonohe. He has two braids. -nsonoe vai. sit two together, two sit together. -nsonoeo'o. They are two in number sitting together. -nsome'h'en vai. warm cook. that is, warm up food. N-nsome'h'ne. I'm warming up food. -nsome'h vti. warm s.t. liquid. -nsom'ha. He warmed it. -nsome'h'en vai. heat food. N-nsome'h'ne. I'm heating food. fai: = -ah'en. nsome'h'enesttse ni. water heating kettle. See: nsome'h''o. nsome'h''o ni. water heating kettle. See: nsome'h'enesttse.
-nsome't vii. hot liquid, hot water. -nsom'ta. It's hot liquid. Etymology: cf. *keya:kamy- hot
liquid (Go88). See: -nho't; -hesevo't; -hoome't. Initial: nes-.
-nst stick with; aid s.o. For example, when a cow doesn't abandon her injured calf, or a mother
doesn't leave her school-aged children; can be when a person is not abandoned in spite of everyone else's leaving them. -nsoto. He sticks with him.Variant: -nstho. (younger speakers). Antonym: -noot.
-nsotm vta. hold two of s.o. in the mouth. N-nsotmoo'o he'phtoto. I had two cigarettes in my
mouth. fta: -otm.
nsov- i. separate; divide; in two. See: onsova-. -nsovahe vai. be in 3 groups. Usage: used only with plural subjects. -nsovheo'o. They are in three
groups. Final: -vahe2.
-nsvan
vti. separate s.t., divide s.t. in two. -nsvna. He divided it in two. Nsa'vatnensvnhe oha et'nhso. I cannot divide it in two, it is just the way it is. (1987:105). vta. separate s.o.; divide s.o. in two. -nsovanho. He divided him in two.
-nsovaotse vii. fork; split; divide. -nsovaotse. It forks. -nsovavh'en vai. cook two courses. -nsovavh'ne. She's cooking two courses. nsovave- pv. two ways. See: onsova-; hstove-. Nsovavenstsesttse bilingualism/bilingual class (lit.
two ways speaking). Ntane-nsovavevhe I have two (Indian) names (1987:114). -nsovavevo'stanheve He lives both ways (for example, according to traditional religion as well as Christianity).
-nsovavenestse
vai. bilingual, speak two languages. -nsovavenestse. He's bilingual. fai: -nestse. See: -nsovavo'etahe. ni. bilingualism; bilingual nestse.Literally: two.ways-speak.language-thing.
nsovavenstsesttse
class.
Usage: neologism.
Final: -
-nsovavetan vai. split in thinking, think in two ways. -nsovavetno. He is split in his thinking/he is
thinking in two ways. See: -hstovetan.
-nsovavo'etahe vai. do two things at the same time. See: -nsovavenestse. -nsovavo'etahe He's
doing two things at once. Final: -o'etahe.
nsve
p. two groups. nsve mo'khantse two pairs of shoes. *nyiiwanwi ??. See: n'kve.
[1987:105]
Final: -v. Etymology:
-nsvoon vti. vta. feel around in water for s.t./s.o. -nsvna. He felt around for it in water. -nsxe'ohe vii. two o'clock. -nsxe'ohe it's 2 o'clock. nesta p. previously; beforehand. nesta vaveto centuries ago/a long time ago. nesta theema'eneo'o
cigarette.
nsta-
pv. previously, beforehand. Ne-nstaxanne. I am already ready. He'ama ntansthmhteovatsme. I have gone to heaven to stake out a campsite for you. (Jn. 14:3). Nhe'e mh-nstaxa''sanhevhe. Then they hurriedly got ready. (1987:41).
-nst vti. hear s.t. -nsta. He heard it. Nsathe'e-nsthe. I have never heard it (for example, some
word). Etymology: *no:ntamwa. vta: -nstov. See: -aht listen to s.t..
nesta tsemxe'stnese vai. kindergarten students. nesta tse-mxe'stnese

vai. kindergarten students.Literally: those who have already previously studied (that is, in Heardstart). vai. kindergarten student.Literally: one who has already started school. Pl: nesta tsemxe'stnese. na. cigarette. See: he'pohttse.Literally: previously this.way-rolled. Pl: nesta theema'eneono. animate because tobacco is animate ??
nesta tsemxe'stnstse nesta theema'eneo'o
Nstavhsevomtse vta. I'll see you again, goodbye. Usage: This loan translation from English
has been used for many years, since there is no traditional Cheyenne word for saying "goodbye.". vai: -vom.
-nst-hestanen vai. buy on credit. See: nsta-. -nsthestanne He's buying on credit.Literally: take
beforehand.
nsta'ome-
pv. traditional, old-fashioned, old time, ancient. -nsta'omnestse He speaks the old language. Nsta'ome-hsstontse old time stories. -nsta'omn'va He had two wives (in the old time traditional way). Nsta'ome-ameehesttse traditional transportation (probably neologism). nsta'ome-he'eo'o the old-time women (1987:26). See: nsta'omeve-; xamae-.
nsta'ome-hone'ontse ni. traditional pieces of clothing. Usage: probably neologism. nsta'ome-hosstontse hs? ni. old time stories. -nsta'omenestse
vai. speak the old language. language.Variant: -nsta'omevenestse. -nsta'omenestse
He speaks the old
nsta'omenstsesttse ni. old language word.Pl: nsta'omenstsstottse (1987:14). -nsta'omen'va vai. have two wives (in the old time traditional way). -nsta'omen'va He
had two wives (in the old time traditional way). Medial: -'v.
-nsta'omeeestvohe vai. raise children in the traditional way. -nsta'omeeestvohe. He brought

up (raised) children in the old way (that is, in the Indian-culture way). See: -v'ho'veestvohe; veestvohe.
nsta'ometaneo'o na. ancient people. nsta'omevepv. old-fashioned, ancient. -nsta'omevenestse. He talks the old language. See: nsta'ome-.
-nsta'omeveestvohe vai. raise children in the traditional way. -nsta'omeveestvohe. He/she is

rearing in the old/traditional way. See: -v'ho'eeestvohe.
-nsta'omeveeee'e vai. be raised in the traditional way. -nsta'omeveeee'e. He was raised in the
traditional way. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -ee'e.
-nsta'omevenestse
vai. speak the old language. -nsta'omevenestse. He is speaking the old language. Nhne'annone tshsensthe hovhno ohke-nsta'omevenestse. We know Petter slightly talked the old language. (1987:237).
-nsta'omvsan vai. dress oldfashioned. -nsta'omvsne. He's dressed oldfashioned. fai: -san2. -nsta'omevevhe vai. ancient named. -nsta'omevevhe. He has an ancient name. fai: -vh. -nsta'omv'an
vai. say the old language. ohke-nsta'omev'ne. She was speaking the old language. [1987:15] fai: -'an.
nstme ni. your food. See: mhtme. nstamenohe

na. poor person. nstamenoheho nhtseva'xe'tovho He looked around for poor people (this is what someone was supposed to do in a giveaway dance; you were supposed to find and giveaway to people who could not return gifts to you). AltPl = nstamenohehoPl: nstamenoheo'o. Obviative: nstamenoheho.
-nstmenohheve vai. poor. -nstmenohheve. He is a poor person. See: -nxheve; -ho'omenehe. -nstamhkevhpa' vai. young but gray haired. See: -vhp. -nstamhkevhp'e. He's young but
has gray hair. [1987:8:40] See: -nsthkevhpa'.
-nstan na. knee. This word is often avoided because it sounds similar to 'vagina', ma-'kesta, or 'her vagina', he'kstne, ma-nstne a knee. na-nstne my knee. ne-nstaneo'o your knees.Pl: ma-nstaneo'o. Etymology: *keketekwaki 'your knees'.
-nstan mbp. knee. ne-nstanhtse He has pain in the knees. nme-nstanotse He twisted his
knee. -nenstanee'e. He kneeled.
-nstan na. knee. This word is often avoided because it sounds similar to 'vagina', ma-'kesta, or 'her vagina', he'kstne, ma-nstne a knee. na-nstne my knee. ne-nstaneo'o your knees.Pl: ma-nstaneo'o. Etymology: *keketekwaki 'your knees'.
-nstanvaennee'e vai. kneel. N-nstanvaennee'e. I kneeled. [Croft] Usage: more common word is nenstanee'e. Notes (Phonology) vs
nstaveto
p. beforehand; previously. See: nesta. Nstaveto m'evomhevovhe nhhe hxoveto ts'ama'has'hvse ntxv'h'e beforehand, (Cheyennes) had see the soldiers there across
(the river) as they (soldiers) went along on horseback (1987:21).
nstaxe na. my cowarrior; my fellow society member. Usage: obsolescing. n-stxeo'o my allies/my
-staxe your (sg) ally. he-vstaxe his ally. [pd702] Possessive: -htaxe; IndepNoun: ntaxe. Notes (Phonology) requires high pitch on vowel of poss. prefix See: -vsevoo'o; ntaxe.
cowarriors.
nsto'ane ni. our land. Stem: -hto'e. -nstomn vai. hear. -nstomne. He heard. Nphve-nstomne. You heard good news. -hvsvenstomne. He heard bad news. vta: -nstov; vti: -nst. See: -ahtomn listen.
nstomnhe
na. praying mantis.Literally: heard-one. Usage: od. Holliman Spelling: ni ssto mon ni.Pl: nstomnheo'o. Holliman Spelling: ni ssto mon nhi yoo. vti. hear about s.t. tshmnee-nstomne'tomevse tsxhxovetshsenstsvxe'ohe ma'henxe'stoo'o when they first heard about the translated Scripture (1987:237). vta. hear about s.o. See: -nstov. -nstomne'tovho. He heard about him. nstomnenoto. He heard about him (same meaning as the preceding pronunciation). Neevse-nstomnenotse nhe hetanevo'e Have you heard about that Arapaho? (1987:149). N-nstomnentse I heard about him. Ntaohkee-nstomnenoto I hear about them (an.) (1987:211). vai: -nstomn.
-nstomn't
-nstomn'tov
nstomnesttse ni. news. See: hotnhtsesttse; hsstoo'o. nstona na. your daughter. Stem: -htnah. Nstnvhnstse vai. Noisy Walker. See: Xvnhtsstse. -nstnva'h vii. make rattling sound; rattle sound. -nstnv'ha. It made a rattling sound. -nstoneva'ov
vai. make noise from making contact with s.o. can be of snow (animate). nstoneva'ohe hsta'se. The snow is making a crunching sound (when walked on and the
temperature is very cold).
-nstonevan vti. vta. cause s.t./s.o. to make a loud noise. -nstnvna. He made it make noise. -nstonevan vai. 1 make loud noise, loud noise. Usage: can connote farting noisily. -nstnvne.
He's making a loud noise. typically refers to the loud sounds people make as they walk along with a heavy foot. 2 fart loudly. can be made into a humorous pun for Nstnvhtsstse 'Noisy Walker,' as
Nstnvnstse 'Noisy Farter'.
-nstnvanen
vai. make sounds that can be heard. esp. refers to farting. -nstnvnne. He's making sounds that can be heard. See: -nstonevan; -nstomn; -nstov; -ho'h; -thpe'vanne; -he'eme.
-nstonevnohts vai. make noise with footsteps. -nstnvnhtse. The sound of his footsteps is
heard; he makes footstep sounds as he walks. a well-known song includes this verb: "Ma'taa'taneo'o -nstonevnhtseo'o," henove. "The forest people are making noises with their footsteps," it is said. [Schwartz 1989:85] See: -hohts.
Nstnvhtsstse na. Noisy Walker. -nstonev'e vai. make loud noise. -nstnv'e. It's making a loud noise. He, tsxh'ha v'nenstonevoeo'o ho'honeo'o Hey, it's just the wind whistling through the rocks. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -nstonevan.
[JOURNEY.TXT]
Nstnv'e na. Noisy Woman, Wind Sounds Woman. -nstonevavhtsena'xe vai. move mouth noisily. for example, smack lips or chew loudly while eating.
-nstonevavhtsena'xe. He's making noises with his mouth. Medial: -ahtse.
nstonevave- pv. with noise. -nstonevavhesta'hhtse. It made a sound as he pulled it out. -nstonvave'hoohe
vai. make noise while flying. naa mato h'ease'hooheto nohkeasenstonvave'hoohe and also when you fly away you make a (nice) noise. [1980:27:37]
-nstonevavem vta. throw down s.o. so they make a sound. -nstonevavemho. He threw him
down and he made a sound.
-nstonevone vii. sound, make noise. -nstonevone. It's making sounds. Natone -nstonevone. My
belly is making noises. ma'xe-nstonevone. It's making a loud noise. fii: -vone.
-nstonevoneotse vii. vai. sound, make noise, chime. for example, of a curfew horn, alarm clock, or
time clock for work. -nstonevoneotse. It chimed. fii: -vone.
-nstoohe
vai. sound; make noise; call; howl; croak; moo; neigh. This is a superordinate term for making a characteristic sound, of various animals or humans: whinny/neigh (horse), hiss (snake), meow (cat), moo/low (cow), crow (rooster), croak (frog), call, etc. -nstoohe. He's sounding (for example, neighing (horse), hissing (snake), meowing (cat), etc.). Ma'heo'o nstoohe. There is thunder (lit. God is hollering). Notes (Phonology) hpo See: -amhtohe; vsthtohe; -ahtohe; -maa'e.
-nstooht vii. sound; howl; make noise. -nstoohto It is howling (for example, car horn; train). nsttse na. your pet. Stem: -htotsh. -nstov
vta. hear s.o. -nstovho. He heard him. vti: -nst. See: -ahtov; -nstomne'tov; -nstov. Etymology: *no:ntawe:wa. -nst'e. He (obv) asked him. Nstoveha! Ask him!
-nstov vta. ask s.o.Variant: -nhtsstov. younger speaker variant of -nhtsstov. -nstovho. He asked him. -nstovhtstan vai. want to be heard. for example, Rush Limbaugh. -nstovhtstno. He wants to
be heard.
-nstovohe vai. breastfeed, suckle, nurse child(ren). -nstovohe. She nursed children. fai: -vohe; vta: nh. See: -nh; nstovhet; -nn.
-nstovhee'e vai. sit nursing. -nstovhee'e. She's sitting nursing. -nstovhee

vai. lie nursing (a baby). of a woman or a nursing dog. -nstovhe. She is lying nursing her baby. nh.
-nstovhet vta. breastfeed s.o., suckle s.o., nurse s.o. -nstovhetho. She breastfed him. Synonym: nstvhnvhe p ? na ??. we are both poor people; my poor person. an expression of poverty ??
See: hovhnvhe.
-nstoxe
vai. everyone, all. only used with conjuct affixes. See: nh- 'conjunct prefix'. nstoxse vo'stane every person. cf. nstxvse vo'staneo'o 'all the people'--this is the group viewpoint whereas nstoxse focuses on individuals. nstxtse all of us. nstxvse all of them (an.). Many speakers today say netao'o vo'stane for 'everyone', although some older speakers say that nstxvse is preferred. Obviative: nstxetsse.
nstoxse p. each one; every one. See: nstxvse. nstxtse p. all of us. nstxvse vai. all of them, everybody. This is a conjunct verb which can be inflected for other persons:
nstxse every one. nstxtse all of us. nstxse all of you (plural). See: netao'o vo'stane.
nestse ni. your mouth. See: ma-htse. -nestse fai. speak language. tshse-nestse. He speaks Cheyenne. ntseve-nstseo'o. They talk an alien
language. ohkeneve-nestse. He talks fast. vv'ho'-nestse. He talks English. hxove-nestse. He translated (lit. across-spoke.language). See: -estse; -het.
Nstseenhn'e na. (woman's name). Nstsn'e na. (woman's name). Nstseen'hove ni. rustling corn ??; Rustline Corn ?? See: mhaementse; hoo'khtse. -nstshethov
vta. motion s.o. to come. -nstshethovho. He motioned him to come. Notes (Phonology) neh- + tshethov
Nstsmh'e na. (woman's name). n- i. two. See: ns-; ns-.
ne- i. heat; hot. See: nes-. nepv. only, intensifier; any(?). See: v'ne-; xamae-; oha; oha na'stse. ne-na'stse the only one (na'stse by itself could indicate that there might be another one). t'-ne-na'stse absolutely the only one. -nen'ha'e It is the same/it means the same ? (stronger than -sso). nphva'e. It is satisfactory; sufficiently good/"Leave it alone (it's good enough)!" (FILE HERE OR IN NEXT ENTRY?). -neno'kahe ma'heo'o. There is only one God. Nme'nemoxevano You should fight him.
ne voc. grandchild, child-in-law. See: -vxahe; nee two. that this word has high pitch, but nee 'two'
has low pitch. Simplified Spelling: nish.
nepv. two; 2; both. -neanma He is 2 years old. -nenmeneo'o They are both singing/2 (for
example, people) are singing ??
nee p. two of; two of (cards). See: nexa. Etymology: *nyiiwi. Simplified Spelling: nish. nepv. continue, remain, keep on. Nta-nenmenema! Let's keep on singing! Nta-neasema! Let's
just leave! Nenmeneha! Let him continue singing! Nv'easta'xe; nen'stse! Don't run! Stay on base! (lit. Continue standing). Nhoo'stse! Stay! (can be said, for instance, to a dog). Nhoeo'o! Keep staying on (delayed imperative)! (for example, Don't move; keep staying on at your house!). Ntsa-nemshhema! Let's just not eat! (for example, let's just leave now and eat when we get there). See: hetse-; e-; nen-; ame-.
-ne vai. be two (an.) in number. not used with sg. subject. See: nee. -neo'o There are two of them
(an.). -nexo There are two of them. -nxho There are two of them (variant used by younger speakers). N-nme. There's two of us. nh-nvse the two of them; both of them (conjunct verb close to an English pronoun in function).
-neanam vai. be two years old. -neanma He is two years old. -nee vai. both sit, sit together. Etymology: not used with singular subjects. -neeo'o. They are riding
double. Nhhe h-neeo'o, mhene tsxhveo'otse nhno hn-neeo'o. They sat together there, in the shade of the house there they sat together. (1987:185). Final: -e.
n'e p. for two days, two days. See: no'k'e. -neno'e vii. two nights in length. ta-neno'e. It was two days ago. Neenn'e na. Fasting Two Nights Woman. Nestso na. Two Quivers. -nhahtho'he vai. have hot feet. N-nhahtho'he. My feet are hot. BodyPartMedial: -haht. -nhasen vai. have two seeds up in seed-in-basket game, play cards together. N-nhasne. I got
two seeds up. -nhaseneo'o. They are playing cards together. See: -mhenem. Final: hasen.
-nho'h vti. warm; heat s.t. See: -nsome'h. -nh'ha He warmed it (for example, meat). -nho'he vai. 1 be hot; have a fever. -nho'he. He has a fever/he is hot. vii: -nho't. See: hoho'he. 2 be in heat. can refer to an animal being in heat, to a woman having hot flashes ??
nho'hvahttse heater. for example, for a car. -nho't vii. hot. -nh'ta. It's hot. -hoho't is hotter than this. vai: -nho'he. See: -hoho't. -ne'enm
vta. live with s.o. the two together. See: -tshstoem; -vstse'enm; -vstoem; vsstnovm(?). N-ne'enme We (the two of us) are living together.
-ne'est vai. Medial: -'est.have two ears. See: -ne'sta?. tse-ne'sta He (the horse) will have two
ears (1987:7:29).
-ne'v vai. have two wives. in the old days a number of men, especially chiefs, had two wives; it
was considered good to have sisters as wives, since they would presumably already be on good terms with each other, important since the presence of two women married to the same man created a number of tensions for the women; it may be that technically the medial here, -'v, can glossed as 'spouse(s)' but it was always used only for 'wife/wives'. Apparently only
polygyny ?? was practiced, never polyandry. -ne'va. He has two wives. Etymology: cf. M niisu:hkisaew. nsta'ome-n'va. He had two wives in the traditional way.
nee'(h)- i. wash. -ne'haht'ov vta. knock both legs from under s.o. N-ne'haht'vo. I knocked both of his legs from
under him. BodyPartMedial: -haht.
-ne'ham vai. have two horses. N-ne'hme I have two horses. -ne'han
vti. wash s.t./s.o. See: -he'kova'o'ts. -ne'hna. He washed it. -ne'hanantse hethkontse. She washed the dishes. Ne'hnhtse hethkontse! Wash the dishes! vta. -ne'hanho. He washed him.
-ne'hanen 1 wash (for example, clothes). -ne'hanne. He washed.

2 clean. that is, rubbed the bones or seeds and threw them back in the basket in the basket game. See: pe'haseono.
ne'hanen-mh'o ni. laundry; laundromat.Literally: washing-house. ne'hanenesttse ni. washing machine.Variant: ne'han'o. ne'hanen-ve'ho''e na. laundress. ne'hanenvetohko ni. dish washing pan. smaller than a washtub. ne'hanenvetoo'o ni. washtub.Literally: washing-container. ne'han'o
ni. washing machine, Variant: ne'hanenesttse. vta: -ne'hoh(n).
washer.
Notes
(Phonology)
vs;
grPl: ne'haneontse.
-ne'hoh vti. wash s.t. by tool. for example, washing with a brush. -ne'hha. He washed it by tool. -ne'hoh(n) -ne'hva vai. wash (self).Literally: wash-by.liquid. -ne'hva. He's washing (himself). Medial: ov.
-ne'hova''h vti. wash s.o. -ne'hova'o'ho. ?? He washed him. ?? vti: -ne'hova''ts. -ne'hva''ts vti. wash s.t. -ne'hova''tse. He washed it. vta: -ne'hova''h. -ne'hvhtse vti. mop s.t., bathe s.t. Ne'hvhtsstse! Mop (the house)! vta: -ne'hovot. -ne'hovot vta. bathe s.o. -ne'hovotho. He bathed him. vti: -ne'hovohts. -ne'he'on vai. wash hands. -ne'he'na. He washed his (own) hands. Ne'he'nhtse! Wash
your hands! Medial: -he'on; vta: -ne'he'onn.
-ne'he'onn vta. wash hands of s.o. N-ne'he'onno I washed his hands. vai: -ne'he'on. -ne'e'est
vai. wash ears. -ne'e'sta. He washed his ears. Ne'e'sthtse! Wash your ears! BodyPartMedial: -'est.
-ne'e'xan vai. wash eyes. -ne'e'xne He washed his eyes. -ne'e'xanvoovot vta. wash eyes of so. with water. -ne'e'xanvoovotho He washed his eyes
with water.
-ne''haht vai. wash feet. -ne''hhta. He washed his (own) feet. -ne''hahtn vta. wash feet of s.o. -ne''hahtano. He washed his (someone else's) feet. -ne''hahtvva vai. wash feet. -ne''hahtvva. He's washing his (own) feet. -ne'eovs vai. wash hair. -ne'eovse He washed his hair. -ne'von vai. wash face. -ne'vone. He washed his (own) face. Some speakers humorously point
out that -'evone 'he has a duck face' is very close in sound. Nsttse -ne'vone; nev'esstse to'sho'ho'htse. Your pet is washing its face; someone is going to come (for example, to
visit)? (a Cheyenne belief that if a pet is washing its face someone is going to visit; cf. -hetame for a similar belief). ne'vonstse Wash your face! Th-ne'vonstse! Go wash your face! See: -nhvhon.
-ne'vonn
vta. wash face of s.o. -ne'voneno. He washed his face. -ne'vonnho. (pronunciation of younger speakers).
ne'vonesttse ni. soap. See: nhevhonesttse ? 'towel'.Literally: wash-face-thing(NOM). ne'vonevetohko ni. wash basin.Literally: wash-face-container. Variant: ne'vonevetoo'o. ne'vonevetoo'o ni. wash basin.Literally: wash-face-container. Variant: ne'vonevetohko. -ne'xahts
vai. gargle, brush teeth.Literally: wash-mouth. -ne'xhtse. He gargled. Nsane'xhtsenhe. I did not gargle. See: -ne'xonenehe.
ne'xhtsenhestsesttse ni. toothpaste, toothbrush.Variant: possibly also ne'xhtsenhesttse. -ne'xonenehe

vai. brush teeth (of self). -ne'xonenehe. He brushed (lit. washed) his teeth. ne'xonenheo'o. They brushed their teeth. BodyPartMedial: -onen. See: -ne'xahts. vta. brush teeth of s.o. -ne'xonenehno. He brushed his teeth.Variant: ne'xonenhnho (var. of younger speakers). -ne'xonenhestse. He brushed his (own) teeth. Ne'xonenestse! Brush your teeth! Medial: -onen.
-ne'xonenh(n)
nemheto p. entire. See: mheto; netao'o; nstxvse; mhe-; nhhpo; n'tvto. nenpv. while; during. See: ne-; he'-; s'(e)-. ts-nenhoo'kho while it was raining. tsnenmshvse hoo'kho while they were eating it rained. Mh-nenameohovhevhe, "Nhtsenhnhoeneo'o ntxv'h'e," mxheetanhevhe. While they were fleeing, "The
soldiers will follow us," they thought. (1987:26).
-nene'ho't vii. be two rooms. -nene'h'ta. There are two rooms. -nenstanee'e vai. kneel, sit on floor on knees. -nenstanee'e. She sat with legs underneath her (=
women's way of sitting; legs are not crossed). Notes (Phonology) vs See: -htxa'kanee'e; -nstan.
-nenstane vai. fall on knees. -nenstane. He fell on his knees. nenhevoma

na. (Phonology) iah
two
colored
blanket.
See: homa.Literally: together.sewed-blanket.
Notes
Nenna na. Fasting Two Nights. -nee vai. 1 stand together. See: -vstoem. -neeo'o. They are standing together.
2 get married.Literally: two-stand; refers to standing together, for example, before a minister or justice of the peace, to get married. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -.
-neoesem vta. tell off s.o., tell s.o. how difficult life is. -neoesemho. He told him off. -neoestho'he vai. hot flashes. -neoestho'he. She has hot flashes. See: -nho'he. -neoestho't vii. hot quickly. -neoesth'ta. It got hot. (for example, a car engine that overheated).
-nehtaahe vai. feet tied. for example, Indian punishment for misbehaving children: tie feet with
string. he'konenehtaahe. He had both feet in stocks/he had both feet tied firmly.
-nehtaeto'ham
vai. hobble horses. -nehtaeto'hme. He hobbled the horse(s). Medial: -o'ham.Literally: two-leg-tie(?)-livestock.
[GHOST.TXT]
nehtaeto'hamesttse ni. hobble. -neohts vai. walk together.Literally: two-go. not used in sg. -neohtseo'o. They walked together
(generally refers to walking side by side but can be single file while walking close together). See: -hto'e'ov; -v'htsm.
-neots'tov vta. both act against s.o. ?? (try?). See: -nhe'tov. nhe'e oh-neots'tovovo then they
both tried against him (1987:150).
nee na. mourner. ta'se nee "You look like a mourner!"\re mourn. this was said when people first
started cutting hair, since Cheyennes used to cut their hair to show that they were in mourning. See: ne'e. vai: -neve.
-nee vai. both lie; both sleep; two sleep. -nne. They are sleeping together. ne'e ('e??) na. mourning woman. ta'se ne'eo'o (they look) like mourning women (This was
said when, due to white influence, people first starting cutting girls' hair.).
-nenon vai. sing for the dead. -nenne. He sang for the deceased; mourned in song. fai: -non. -nstseoh'tov vta. pull s.o. through ?? -nstseoh'tovho. ?s? He pulled him through (for
example, through a tunnel or small space). See: -nxa'ham.
-nev vta. mourn for s.o. See: ne'e. Noo stxae'hane-nevhevhe nhe h'e. My, that woman
was really mourning for (her husband). [1987:266]
-neve vai. mourn, grieve, sorrow. -neve. He is in mourning. traditionally with hair cut off.
No'ke'e -neveo'o. They are mourning for a year. A year is the traditional length of time for mourning. -nevo heststa'e. Her gland is mourning (that is, it is swollen). The "call-
back" for the end of mourning is referred to with the stem -vaonom (pv. va- 'back' + onom 'call/invite'). Usage: obsolescing.
-nevone vii. mournful sound. -nevone. It is a mournful sound. [pd 722] -nke'sev vii. ripple (of flowing water). -nke'svo the water is rippling (as it flows). Final: 'sev.
-nkhtheve vai. vii. striped design. -nkhthvnstse They have a striped design. -nko'ta'xe vai. have wavy eyesight. for example, just before a bad headache. N-nko'ta'xe I
have "wavy" eyesight.
nev- i. fast. -neve'svo. It (water, esp. river) is flowing ("running") fast. -nev-o'hotse. He ran
fast. Preverb: neve-.
Nevaestse vai. Swift.Variant: hnevaestse. -nevh'en vai. cook fast. -nevh'ne. She is cooking fast. nevh'eneo'o ni. microwave oven. Usage: neologism.Literally: fast-cooking(.thing). nevh'enoohesttse ni. microwave oven. See: nnkenhah'enesttse; nevh'eneo'o. -nevahe
vai. swift, fast. -nevahe. He is fast. Vhkooheho ohke-nevheo'o. Rabbits are fast. Antonym: -nvahe. See: Nevaestse.
-nevho'he vai. drive fast. -nevho'he. He's driving fast. -nva'no'ham vai. drive fast. ohke-nva'no'hme. He drives fast. See: -nevo'hotse. fai: a'no'ham.
-neva'ham vta. throw s.o. fast. -neva'hamho. He threw him fast. Neva'hameha! Pitch fast! (lit.
throw him, ball, animate, fast). fta: -a'ham.
-neva'haso'he vai. ride horse fast. -neva'haso'he. He rode horse fast. -neva' vii. vai. go swiftly, go quickly, fly quickly. can refer to rapid flight of an arrow. -nev'o. It
went swiftly. Hevovetsono ohke-neva'oo'o Dragonflies fly fast. See: -neve'h.
-neva'ov drive s.o. fast. for example, of driving cattle. -neva'ovho. He drove him fast. -neva'xe vai. thrust fast, screw fast. -neva'xe. He thrust fast. -nevan vti. vta. make fast s.t./s.o. for example, to set a clock ahead in time. tseva-neaneo'o e'heo'o
The clocks will be set ahead (for Daylight Savings Time).
-nevanen
vai. do fast. See: -nevotse'ohe; -phvanen. -nevanne. He works/does work fast. fai: -anne.
-nevtam vta. pity s.o. This word is broader and richer than the English word "pity." This word
seems to almost require a person to help the one in need. There are typically connotations of love and care in this Cheyenne word. This word is very commonly used in prayers, asking ma'heo'o to have pity on the person praying and/or on others. Usage: This pronunciation is more common than -evtam..Variant: -evtam. -nevtamho. He pitied him. Nhnevtamstse! Take pity on me! Nh-nevtamemeno! Have pity on us! -nevtamhtstno. He feels sorry for himself/wants to be pitied. vai: -nevtsstahe.
-nevtamahe vai. be pitiful. -nevtamahe. He is pitiful. Synonym: -nevtametan. -nevtamh'tov

vta. be humble toward s.o. Nta-nevtamh'tovone Jesus! Let's be humble toward Jesus! (Hymn 21).
nevtame-
pv. pitiful. -nevtame-eeo'o. They (esp. some children) grew up pitifully. (for example, they were not cared for by their parents; they had to help themselves grow up).
-nevtamemohe vai. run pitifully. for instance, after making a vow to run. -nevtamemohe. He
ran pitifully. fai: -mohe.
-nevtamenohe vai. look pitiful. -nevtamenohe. He looks pitiful. -nevtamenohee'e vai. sit looking pitiful. -nevtamenohee'e. He's sitting looking pitiful. -nevtameohov vai. pitifully flee, flee pitifully. -nevtameohva. He is pitifully fleeing. fai: ohov.
-nevtame'e vai. stand pitifully, pitifully stand. -nevtame'e. He's standing pitifully. -nevtamsan vai. dress pitifully. -nevtamsne. He's dressed pitifully. fai: -san2. -nevtamee vai. lie pitifully. -nevtame. He's lying pitifully. -nevtametan vai. pitiful. -nevtametanoo'o They are pitiful. Synonym: -nevtamahe. -nevtamhon vai. sign poor, sign pitiful, pitiful sign. -nevtamhne. He is signing that he is
poor/pitiful. fai: -ohon.
-nevtamnov vai. talk with pity. that is, to talk in a way that others can sense the speaker takes
pity on people. -nevtamnva. He talks with pity.
-nevtsstahe
vai. compassionate. -nevtsstahe. He takes pity. vta: -nevtam; Synonym: nevtssth'heneve. vai. be a merciful person. -nevtsth'heneve He's a merciful person.Variant: -evtssth'heneve.
-nevtssth'heneve
neve- pv. fast, quickly, swiftly, rapidly. -nevhotse'ohe He worked swiftly. -nevh'ha. The
wind is blowing fast. 'see-nevh'h the wind was really blowing hard (1987:30). Initial: nev-. See: nontove-; v's-; vseh- ??.
-neve'h vai. fly fast. -nev'ha. He flew fast. -neve'hanotse vai. eat fast. -neve'hanotse He ate fast. -neve'hohe vai. fly fast. -neve'hohe He flew fast. -neve'hoohe vai. 1 fly fast. -neve'hoohe. He flew fast.
2 drive very fast. Usage: fig., colloq..
-neve'sev vii. flow fast. -neve'svo. It is flowing fast. fii: -'sev. -neve'xove vii. time go fast. Time is "flying". -nevem vta. tell s.o. how it is. like laying down the law for a person. -nevemho. He told him how
it is.
-nevemohe vai. run fast. -nevemohe. He's running fast. fai: -mohe. -nevenestse vai. talk fast. -nevenestse. He talks fast. fai: -nestse. -nevenon vai. sing fast. -nevenne He sang fast. Final: -non. -neveohe vai. drive fast; walk fast. -neveohe. He's driving fast. Hvhno neveoestse! Speed up a
little! See: -aseohe.
-neveohts
vai. walk fast; go fast. -nevehtse. He's walking fast. Nhe'e non'hn'e mstanen'-neveohtshhe. Then more and more he was galloping (his horse). [1987:170] Antonym: -nveohts. See: -ontoveohts.
-neveotst vii. fast; rush. naa ohkevsetanoo'o ta'se -neveotsto hstanovesttse (now people) are
in a hurry, like life is rushed (1987:224).
-nevstnan vai. teethe. -nevstnne He's teething. See: -he-vesan. -nevetan vai. keep on. Hnknomhoxe'haheto nnevetno. Even though your voice is hoarse
you keep on (working). Hetanvesttse ntanhts'a, nevetanoo'o! You have gone looking for manhood, get on with it! (1987:244). Nevetntse, nstsev'hhpheotse! Get on with it, don't be frightened! (from a wolf song recorded by Grinnell).Literally: fast-think ??.
-nevetanotse vai. do utmost best ?? Nohke-nevetanotse I do my utmost best (1987:200). Nevevohnamosstse na. Swift Throwing Left Arm. -nvevhka' vai. drive quickly, drive fast. va-nvevhk'o. He quickly turned around driving. -nevvone vii. fast sound, sound go fast. -nevvone. The sound is going fast. -nevevoneohe vai. crawl fast. -nevevoneohe. He's crawling fast. -nev vii. fast. -nvo It is fast/it is rapid. -neve' vai. vii. float fast. -nev'o. He/It is floating along fast. for example, on a swift river. -nevose vai. fly fast. -nevose. He's flying fast. See: -neva'; -neve'h. fai: -ose. -nevostn vai. read fast, quickly read. -nevostne. He read fast. -nevhomo'he vai. dance fast; fancy dance. -nevhomo'he. He's dancing fast. -nevhom'heohe vai. dance fast; do fancy dance. tsohkema'xe-nevhom'heohese fancy dancers
(lit. those who dance fast).
-nevhon vai. sign fast. -nevhne. He's signing fast. fai: -ohon. -nevhoo'e vai. swim; wade fast. -nevhoo'e. He swam (or waded) fast. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: ohoo'e.
-nevo'hotse
vai. run fast, go fast in a car, drive fast. -nevo'hotse. He ran fast. Tanevo'hotsstse! Go faster! Hvhno nevo'hotsstse! Speed up a little! See: nva'no'ham.
-nev'an vai. say fast. -nev'ne. He speaks rapidly. fai: -'an. See: -nevenestse; -nontov'an. -nevo'as vii. fire go fast. -nevo'se. The fire is going fast. -nevo'sotse burn rapidly, burn fast. -nevo'sotse. The fire is going rapidly. more rapid than nevo'as.
-nev'ehn vai. go fast by wagon. -nev'hne. He went fast by wagon. -nev'eohe vai. travel quickly by wagon. -nev'eohe. He traveled quickly by wagon. -nevo'ha'eohts
vai. Medial: -o'ha'e.walk a medium nevo'ha'eohtsmne Let's walk moderately fast!
pace.
See: -neveohts.
nsta-
-nevnea'xe vai. hot; horny. sexually. -nevnea'xe. He's horny. -nevoo'koh vii. rain rapidly. -nevoo'kho. It rained rapidly. See: -he'hemoo'koh. Nevotontse vai. Two Tailfeathers. -nevotse'ohe vai. work fast. whites are perceived to work fast. ohke-nevotse'heo'o They work fast.
Hevohe -nevotse'ohe The Devil is working very hard.
-nevxe'stn vai. write fast. -nevxe'stne He wrote fast. -nxa'ham pull s.o. through. for example, pulling a blanket through a narrow opening. See: shpe-.
-nxa'hamho He pulled him through.
nka'sanesttse ni. washboard. nka's'o

ni. Oklahoma (Phonology) vsr Dialect: nkhs'o.washboard.Literally: rippled (thing) ??. Notes
nktone ni. womb; uterus (your womb?). An elder male said these are the (vaginal) muscles that
grasp and squeeze the penis so that it will ejaculate. Oblique: nktova ?[. See: ho'heo'o. Usage: not well known currently.
nke- i. perked; flutter ?; ripple ?? nkhs'o ni. washboard. Notes (Phonology) vsr Montana Dialect: nka's'o. nke'e voc. Grandmother!, Mother-in-law! See: /-hke'ehe/; /-hkeme/; -vkeme. nke'ehe na. my grandmother; my mother-in-law. Masculine: namme. See: hevkemo; keme. nke'ehhasstse voc. Grandmothers!
nke'sta
na. chipmunk. See: no'kee'e; Obviative: nke'sthne; Medial: -'est.
no'ee'e.Literally: perked-ears.
Pl: nke'sthne.
-nke'sta vai. Medial: -'est.perked ears. -nke'sta He has perked ears. nkemse p. anyway; nevertheless. Refers to when someone says they are not going to do something
but then they turn around and do it anyway, right away.
nkstoto na. your (sg.?) mothers. See: neko. Usage: archaic. neko na. your mother. nkevo your (plural) mother. See: nkstoto; /-hko'ehe/; heke; nhko'ehe. -nkhtsn vta. embrace s.o. around the waist. -nkhtsnho. He's holding her around the waist. -nkmo'eotse vii. narrow. -nkmo'eotse. It's narrow (for example, a narrow road). -nkmoma'o'e vii. narrow way. -nkmoma'o'e. It's a narrow way (for example, path). nekov- i. striped. nkovvo'ha na. zebra. See: nk'hame. Usage: neologism.Literally: striped-horse. Pl: nkovvo'hme.
Obviative: nkovvo'hme.
-ntahe vai. different one, another, other. -ntahe. He is a different one. ts-ntaestse (cf. ts-ne'taestse
'the important one, the Lord') the other one. vii: -nta'e; Reduplicated: -ontahe. See: -nthvahe; -ne'tahe.
nthv-
i. different. -nthvna He changed it (by hand?). the Ch. concept of being 'different' typically involves the idea of going against the cultural norm; there is a negative stigma to being different in the sense of nthv-: tsstave'se-nthvo'etaese na'stse ma'hhkse thhe vaveto when an old man did something stupid long ago (1987:170).
-nthvahe vai. be different. -nthvahe. He is different. vii: -nthva'e. See: -ntahe. -nthvhtov vta. Final: -ahtov.hear s.o. differently; not understand s.o. well. -nthvhtovho He
did not understand him well/lit. he heard him differently ??
-nthva'e vii. be different. See: -nta'e. -nthva'e It is different. Reduplicated: -onthva'e. -nthva'no'hme vai. drive differently. -nthva'no'hme. He drove differently. for instance,
he drove the British way, on the left side of a road. fai: -a'no'ham.
-nthva'haso'he vai. ride horse differently. -nthva'haso'he. He rode horse in a different way. -nthva'o'ts vti. change s.t. quickly. -nthva''tse. He quickly changed it. See: -nthvan. -nthvan vti. change s.t. -nthvna. He changed it (by hand). See: -nthva'o'ts.
vta. change s.o. -nthvanho. He changed him (for example, a baby with a soiled diaper). Nthvaneha! Change him!
-nthvtam vta. think differently of s.o. Nohks'=hovhno=nthvatamoo'o you still think a little
bit different of (Cheyennes) (1987:226). vti: -nthvtsest.
-nthvatamno'e vii. different weather. -nthvatamno'e it's not normal weather (lit. differentenvironment).
-nthvtsest
vti. think differently of s.t.; consider s.t. odd. stve-nthvtsstnvse tsthe'eohtsvse They sort of thought it was odd as they were going along. [JOURNEY.TXT] vta: -nthvtamo.
nthve- pv. different. -nthveno'e. It tastes different. -nthveeeve it's a holiday (lit. it's a
different day). nhe'e me'ne-nthve-vo'stanhevstove "It's about time maybe you should change your way of living!" (lit. then there should be different living). Reduplicated: onthve-.
-nthveeha'
vai. change moccasins; change shoe(s). Naa ts'e-nthveeha'vse sthseaseohtshoono. So after changing their moccasins they started off again. [JOURNEY.TXT] Medial: -eha. See: -e'ha'.
-nthve-eeve vii. be a holiday. -nthveeeve it's a holiday.Literally: be a different day. -nthv'ha vai. fly differently. -nthv'ha. He flew differently. -nthve'hahe vai. Final: -e'hahe.sound different; have a different voice. -nthve'hahe He has a
different voice (for example, from how he normally does).
-nthvema'em vai. be of different blood. ts-nthvema'emase those who are of different blood
(that is, of a different race) (1987:226). Medial: -ma'em.
-nthvemaev vta. act different toward s.o. naa vo'stanho htseve'-nthvemaevosstse and if
someone acts different toward them (1987:227).
-nthvema'xe vai. smell different. -nthvema'xe. He smells different. fai: -ma'xe. -nthvemeotse vai. vii. have a different smell. -nthvemeotse It has a different smell. -nthvne vai. different face. -nthvne. He has a different face. for example, said when someone
has plastic surgery on the nose.
-nthvnotse
vai. be different faced (for example, wear a mask). -nthveneotse He got 'different-faced'. Medial: -n; Final: -otse.
-nthvenestse vai. talk language differently; speak a different language. -nthvenestse He talks
different. m-nthvenstshevhe They had a different language (1987:142).
-nthvenohe vai. look different. -nthvenohe. He looks different. h-nthvenohesstse He

looked different (attrib). [JOURNEY.TXT]
nthveohts vai. vii. change. -nthve'e vai. stand different. -nthve'e. He's standing differently. -nthveotse
vai. vii. become
different. Ns'hove-nthveotse I suddenly was different
(BERTHA.TXT).
-nthvsan vai. dress differently. -nthvsne. He's dressed differently. fai: -san2. -nthvstanove vai. have a different way of life. -nthvstanove. He has a different life.Variant: nthvstave. This prounciation seems to be preferred over -nthvstave. See: -vonstanove; vo'stanheve.
-nthvstave
vai. have a different way of life. -nthvstave. He has a different life.Variant: nthvstanove. This prounciation seems less preferred to -nthvstanove. different life ; live differently. See: -vonstanove; -vo'stanheve.
-nthvstone vii. built differently. -nthvstone It is built different. See: -manstone. -nthvee vai. lie different. -nthve. He's lying different. -nthvetan vai. think differently, feel differently. Nthvetnhtse! Change your way of thinking!
(for example, Quit being depressed!).
-nthvetanotse vai. come to think differently. Msta-nthvetanotshhe. He began to wonder.

(1987:285). See: -nhtovetanotse ??.
-nthvevhe vai. named different. -nthvevhe. He has a different name. -nthvev'ho'nestse vai. talk a foreign (non-Indian) language. -nthvev'ho'nestse He talks a
foreign (non-Indian) language.
nthvev'keemahpe ni. artificial sugar. See: astomev'keemahpe. Usage: neologism. -nthvostomo'he vai. different personality. -nthvostomo'he. He has a different personality.
Final: -ostom'he.
-nthvostne vai. read differently, count differently. -nthvstne. He didn't read right. -nthvhne vai. sign differently. -nthvhne. He's signing differently. fai: -ohon. -nthvhta'hne vai. tell a story differently. See: -hhta'han. -nthvhta'hne He told a story
differently (for example, a different version or in a different manner ?). Reduplicated: onthvhta'han.
-nthvo'a'hahts vti. 1 throw s.t. different.

2 sing offkey. Usage: fig.. -nthvo'a'hhtse. He sang off key. 3 say s.t. differently. Usage: fig..
-nthv'ne vai. pronounce differently. -nthv'ne. He pronounced differently. fai: -'an.
-nthvo'etahe
vai. do something different. tsstave'se-nthvo'etaese na'stse ma'hhkse thhe vaveto when an old man did something stupid long ago (1987:170).
-nthvo'ev vai. have different (colored) skin. Nestsstovoo'o vo'staneo'o -nthvo'evao'o You
were talking to people. They had different colored skin. (1987:142). Reduplicated: onthvo'ev.
-nthv'em vai. be of a different persuasion. -nthvo'emao'o They are of a different persuasion.

Final: -'em; Relative Root: -het'em.
-nthvo''ts vti. change s.t. N-nthvo''tse You changed it (for example, twisted s.t. around that
I said to you).
-nthvoo'e vai. sit differently. for instance, to sit in a way different from one's usual way of sitting.
-nthvoo'e. He's sitting different. Reduplicated: -onthvoo'e.
-nthvovn
vti. vta. Medial: ov.change s.t./s.o. (in) liquid. -nthvoovna He rinsed it (for example, rinsed a dish in a pan of water). na-nthvoovna amke tsmo'htvoome I changed the oil.
-nthvotse'ht vti. use s.t. in a different way. tav'-nthvotse'htnvo They use it (the Sun
Dance) in a different way (1987:212).
neta'- i. stake claim. -neta' vti. stake claim on s.t.; want s.t. -net'a. He staked claim on it/he wanted it. See: -neta'ov; nheta'ov.
-nta'e vii. be another; be a different one. See: -n'ta'e; -nthva'e. -nta'e. It is a different one. vai: ntahe.
-neta'ov vta. stake claim to s.o. -neta'ovho. He staked claim to him. Ma'heo'o nh-neta'ova. God
chose me. See: -ne'ta'ov.
ntame
na. my cross sibling-in-law; my brother-in-law (female speaking); my sister-in-law (male speaking). In the Cheyenne system, a cross sibling-in-law is a man's brother's wife, man's wife's sister, woman's sister's husband, or woman's husband's brother. It can also be a man's sister's husband's sister. A man can jokingly refer to his wife's sister (even if she is herself married) as tsvstoemo 'my wife'; traditionally, if a man took a second wife it would be a younger sister to his first wife. Present joking continues to reflect these historical relations. Vocative: ntamasstse (pl). See: n'tve; tame; -he-vtame. Etymology: *nii0emwa. vai: -netanov.
-netan vta. stop fighting of s.o., interfere in fighting of s.o. -netanho. He stopped him from fighting. -netanov vai. stop fighting (of others), peacemake, keep peace. -netanva. He stopped (someone
else's) fighting/he interfered in fighting. vta: -netan. See: -m'; -net.
ntanove ni. my tongue. Usage: archaic. See: vtanove. netao'o

p. everywhere; all over. netao'o hov'he everything. Mho'nhkeno'ketaevohtomtse oha h'the netao'o hov'he mho'ntaohkevohtomtse. One (weed) we failed to see but we see everything else. [1987:238] netao'o vo'stane everyone. Netao'o vo'stane is used for 'everyone' by some younger speakers today; older usage would likely have been exclusively nstxvse for 'everyone'; some older speakers today reject netao'o vo'stane calling it "incorrect". See: hetaa'-; mae-; mhe-; hov'he; hovnee'e; vo'stane.
netao'o vo'stane na. everyone. some may say netao'o vo'staneo'o. Usage: probably a neologism; but this
is used by a number of speakers today. See: nstxvse.
netoe- i. itch. -netoenohts vai. have an itchy face. -netoenhtse. He has an itchy face. -netoehe'onohts vai. have itchy hand(s). -netoehe'onhtse. He has itchy hands. -netoehev'sohts vai. have an itchy tail. -netoehev'shtse. He has an itchy tail. -netoe'xanohts vai. eyes itch, itchy eyes. N-netoo'xanhtse. My eyes are itching. -netoenotovohts vai. have an itchy neck. -netoenotovhtse. He has an itchy neck. -netoehtohts vai. have itchy leg(s). -netoehthtse. His leg itches.
-netoeohts vai. itch. See: -axeeohts scratch; -ntheotse left out. -netoehtse. He is itching. -netoestsohts vai. have an itchy head (or scalp). -netoestshtse. He has an itchy head (or scalp). -netoekhtohts vai. have itchy leg(s). -netoekhthtse. His leg itches.Variant: -netoehtohts. -netoeksohts vai. have itchy fingers. -netoekshtse. He has itchy finger(s). nthnesttse ni. bone game. See: nthesno. nthesno na. bone game. refers to all the apparatus for the game, including the bone and wire with
which to "grasp" the bone (thoughe its hollow center).
-ntheotse vii. vai. left out. -ntheotse. He (or It) was left out. See: -ntseotse; -knomeotse; -tseotse;
-netoeohts itch.
-nethkahe vai. ticklish. -nethkahe. He's ticklish. -nethkestoon vai. have an itchy throat; have T.B. -nethkestona his throat itches/he has T.B.
See: -khaneohts.
-nethkestoonohts vai. have an itchy throat. for example, a tickle in throat. -nethkestoonhtse.
He has an itchy throat.
-nthnh't vti. fail to reach s.t. Antonym: -hohtamst. -nthnh'ta. He cannot live up to it. Hne
nohke=ta'se=v'he'konene'tamentse ma'heo'o hv=h'ne-nthnh'tmo ma'heo'o hesto'emanesttse. That's what really makes me depend on God even if I don't live up to God's
law. (1987:199).
-nthn't vti. fail to reach; fall short of; be below standard of; be not. Antonym: -hohtamst. nthn'ta He's below the standard; not up to snuff. vai: -nthn'e.
-nthn'e vai. fall short; be below standard; be no up to something; be not up to snuff; fail to reach.
N-nthn'e. I don't measure up. Notes (Phonology) vs vti: -nthn't. See: -h'spahe; htse-; tne-.
-nthnotse vai. fail to reach goal, not succeed. -nthnotse. He 'can't quite make it'/he didn't reach
the goal. See: -hto'ee.
-net'hen vai. spin top. Nth-net'henmne Let's go spin tops! net'henesttse ni. spin top whirling game. net'h'o ni. top.Pl: net'heontse. -nto'xev vai. hear things (in one's own mind). -nto'xva. He hears things. See: -nto'xev. -ntomtsan
vai. have feelings; be concerned. -ntomtsne He has feelings/he is concerned. sa-ntomtsanhe He is apathetic/he is without feeling.
ntov- i. in common. ntvne ni. our body; for us (excl.) ?? ntove ni. my body. Usage: archaic; a few speakers now use navtove.Variant: navtove. See: tove; vtove; voxtse; n'tve my brother-in-law (of a man). Etymology: *niiyawi.
netse
na. eagle. Usage: starting to obsolesce.Pl: netseo'o. Obviative: netseho; Simplified Spelling: nits. Etymology: *keliwa 'golden eagle' (Go88). See: vaxa'e; t'too'he; hoestomo.
Netse hmo'htvaestse vai. Black Eagle. Netse hno'kaestse vai. Lone Eagle. Netse htsv'hhtse vai. Eagle Flies About. Netse hvhonevstse vai. Eagle Chief. Netse hv'komaestse vai. White Eagle. Netse xhaestse vai. Brave Eagle. Netse xhahketa na. Little Eagle. Netse xhevaestse vai. Yellow Eagle.
-ntse' vti. permit; release; let go of s.t. Nts'htse! Let it go! (typically said to someone to forget
about some wrong said to them). vta: -ntse'ov.
-netse'e vai. lie. lie ; not tell the truth. -netse'e He lied. Nsa-nets'he. I am not lying. ma'xe-netse'e.
He told a big lie. Etymology: *kelo:0kiwa. vta: -nets'em. See: -tsstomo'he; -netsstov; astom'an; -v'nenhevoo'o.
nets''h'o na. liar.Pl: nets'e'heono. -netse''heneve vai. be a lying person. -netse''heneve He is a lying person. -nets'e'tov vta. lie to s.o. See: -atomsem; -nets'em. -nets'e'tovho He lied to him. N-nets''tvo I
lied to him.
-nets'em vta. lie about s.o. -nets'emho He lied about him. nets'esttse ni. lie. -ntse'ohe
vai. be permitted (to do something). probably pass. of -ntse'ov. Synonym: -amhtov; Antonym: -hestoman. -ntse'ohe He is permitted (to do something). vta: -ntse'ov.
-ntse'omahe vai. tame. -ntse'omahe. He's tame. for example, of a horse. -ntse'omev vta. release s.t. to s.o., let go s.t. to s.o. See: -ntse'ov. Ne-ntse'omeveha! Just let it go to
him!
-ntse'ov vta. let go of s.o., permit s.o., release s.o. (for example, to do something). See: -amhtov; netse'ohe; -nan. -ntse'ovho. He released him (to do something). Tane-ntse'oveha! Just let him go! Nhtaene-ntse'vo I'll let her go. (for example, release her to do whatever necessary to find her own way to sobriety). vti: -ntse'.
-netsem vta. choose s.o. for example, by calling s.o. out of a group. See: -mon'tov; -vom. -netsemho
He chose him.
netsma'e'ohko
na. red pipe.Variant: netsma'e'oo'o. this is part of general Sun Dance equipment. See: ma'e'ohko.
Netsmn'e na. Eagle Trail Woman. See: Vaxaa'mn'e. -ntseotse vai. left out. See: -o'hmeotse; -ntheotse; -etseotse; -knomeotse. -ntseotse. He was left
out/he didn't get anything (there was nothing left for him).
-netsst vti. disbelieve s.t. -netssta. He disbelieved it. vta: -netsstov. See: -netse'e lie. -netsstomo'he vai. stake out a place. See: -neta'ov; -mhteov. -netsstomo'he. He's staking out his
place.
-netsstov
vta. disbelieve s.o. -netsstovho. He disbelieved him. Nohke-netsstovhtsme nonm't'e. We are always disagreeing with each other. (1987:179). hv'e-netsst'e hstanheho. He was doubted by (some) people (obv). (1987:238). Antonym: -on'semhahtov.
Netsvh'so na. Eagle Nest. See: vhe'so; netse. Netsvhto na. Eagle Leggings. See: vohto ??. Usage: woman's name. Netsvse ni. Eagle Butte. located between the White River and the Niobrara. It has been marked on
maps as Eagle Nest Butte.
Netsvto na. Eaglefeathers.Literally: eagle-tailfeather. See: netse eagle; voto tailfeather. nv- i. four. neva p. four times. Holliman Spelling: ni vi. -neva
vii. four in number (inan.). not used with sg. subject. -nvnstse They (inan.) are four in
number.
neva eva obl. Thursday.Literally: fourth day. neva ma'eeve vii. when it is Thursday; on Thursday. neva o'xe hehposta vii. be four-thirty p.m. neva ts'eeve when it was Thursday.
nvahe pro. Who? (emphatic). See: nvhe. Notes (Phonology) stretched version of nvhe, with the
prosodic symbolic effect typically indicating that the speaker emphatically does not know who someone is, for example, if in a conversation people are wondering who could be mayor of Busby, someone might say nvahe implying 'Who could we get to be mayor of Busby?'
nvaaso pro. Who (emphatic). stretched counterpart of nvso, for emphatic effect. nvhe pro. Who? There are various inflected and related forms: nevaseo'o Who (pl)? nevasho
Who? nevso Who? nev'esstse someone. nev'sesto someones. Nvhe tsnmnstse? Who is singing? Nvhe tsvhonevstse? Who is the boss? Nvhe hestoha tssevooestse? Who (singular) made the most baskets (in a basketball game)? Nvhe tsheaxxvonstse? Who has the bell? (=is the boss; based on lead cow's bearing of a bell). Notes (Phonology) stretched to nvahe for symbolic (emphatic) effect Nvhe tsoomhtse? Who did you hit? Nvhe tspoesheta'e Who hit you on the nose? nvhe and nvs are quite similar, but there
are certain contexts where one is preferred over the other, for example, when asking 'Who said that?' it would be more common to say Nvhe tsnheestse. Some other contexts where nvhe seems to be preferred also appear in this entry. Also see examples under nvso. See: nvso; nev'esstse; hn'e.
nevaseo'o pro. Who (pl)? t't=nevaseo'o Who are they? nevaseo'o tsmshese Who are the ones
who are eating? nevaseo'o hestoha tssto'hotsese/tsho'hohto'hotsese Who (plural) had the most runs home? Nvaseo'o t'the tsne'ama'has'hese mxhehhe "Who are those who are coming on horseback?" she said. (1987:21). Singular: nvso.
nvso pro. Who?, Who was that? Nevso tsmseestse? Who is eating? Nevso tsho'hnstse? Who
came? T't=nvso? (or, Nvso t'the?) Who's that? Notes (Phonology) stretched to nvaaso
for prosodic symbolism with meaning something like 'Who IS he?', when you REALLY emphatically don't know who he is Nevasho tshee'hahese? Who is his son? Nevasho tsoomaese? Who hit him? Nevasho tsoomose? Who did he hit? Obviative: nevasho. See: nvhe.
nev'esstse pro. somebody; someone. This word can be used when speakers do not know the identity
of a person they are speaking about or do not wish to divulge it. Nev'esstse mhheotseotshhe. Somebody must have vomited. Nev'esstse nhe. I wonder who that is. Nev'esstse tsnhetta'e. Someone is talking about you (humorous saying to someone who has sneezed). Nev'sesto h'hma h'tovvoovxevaen'e. Maybe somebody doused him with water (he had been "on fire", full of ideas).Pl: nev'sesto. Obviative: nev'sesto. See: vo'stane person; hovnee'e no one.
nev'hanhe
pro. he is the one. can only refer to a hero, someone in a discourse who has done something particularly heroic. "Ameto nev'hanhe," tshevone. "From now on (the young man) will be known as the (hero) one," they will say. See: nea'hanhe.
-nva'nto vii. be the fourth one. -nva'nto. It is the fourth one. ts-nva'nto the fourth one. -nvanen vai. do something four times. This can refer to doing some ceremonial act four times. nvanne. He did it four times.
-nvnstse vii. 4 of them (inanimate). -nvnstse. There are 4 of them (inanimate). nvavo'ome ni. Four Directions ?? See: nvstanevo'e. -nvvonee vai. fast for four days. ma'tae-nvavoonenato... when you have fasted for four days...
[VISION.TXT:1]
neve p. four of. See: neva. Etymology: *nye:wwi. -nve vai. be four in number (an.). not used with sg. subjects. -nveo'o. There are four (an.). ohkenevo hox'e. There are four (obv.) tepee poles. (1987:225).
nve- pv. four. -nveanam vai. four years old. -nveanma. He is four years old. nv'e p. four days. Nv'e nvho'ehtse. I returned four days ago. ma'xhoo'kho nv'e.
It's been really raining for four days now. Nv'e mh-nma'emohehevhe. For four days they ran around. [1987:245] Nv'se vosenaho hemhta'somaho. He spirit is hanging around for four days. (the amount of time that the spirit of a deceased hangs around after a Cheyenne death).
-nveno'e vii. four overnights ago; four nights. -nveeno'e. It was four overnights (for example, ago).
fii: -no'e2.
-nvee'ham vai. be four months old, be four months along in pregnancy. ta-nvee'hma. He is
four months old.
-nve'v vai. have four wives. See: -ne'v. -nve'va He had four wives. Medial: -'v. -nve'hahtxe vai. have four legs. Usage: fig., idiom. Used to refer to when a young man brings his
girlfriend home to sleep over. In the morning his mother or sisters might not say anything directly to him about it, but they can say this idiom about him in Cheyenne, referring to the four legs now in his bed. Humorous. mo-nve'hahtxe. He has four legs in the morning.
Nv'nheve! vai. Don't do that! vai: -nheve. -nveht vai. have four legs. for example, the horse; Sweet Medicine predicted that an animal, the
horse, would come to the Cheyennes having four legs (1987:7:17). -nvehta. He has four legs. BodyPartMedial: -ht2.
nvehtaoesttse ni. burial scaffold; bier.Literally: four-legged-standing-thing. See: -evo'kona'o ??. -nveht' vai. burial scaffold be on, stand on four legs. Notes (Phonology) vs this was a traditional
place to lay the body of a deceased person. -nveht'e. He is on the scaffold. fai: -2.
[1987:266]
-nvehtavonehn
vai. crawl on all four. BodyPartMedial: -ht2.
-nvehtavonhne. He's crawling on all four.
-nvehtavonehn vai. crawl on all fours. This is with the body lifted off the ground by both arms and
both legs. -nvehtavonhne. He's crawling on all fours. BodyPartMedial: -ht2.
nvstanevo'e na. Four Directions. Usage: not known by all speakers today. This is said to be a
ceremonial term for the sacred powers at the four points of the compass; typically glossed as something like "Four Directions" but one elder recently translated this as 'four generations' which is quite plausible since hstnva refers to life and can refer to generations. See: nvavo'ome.
-nvkht
vai. have four Usage: neologism.
legs.
tsh-nvkhtto
four-wheeler.
BodyPartMedial: -(hk)ht.
-nvehn vai. Final: -ehn.bear four children. -nvhne She (or he) bore 4 children. -nvoeme vai. vii. cost four dollars. -nvoeme It/He costs four dollars. -nvoeme naa o'xe He/It costs
four and a half dollars.
-nvhonehe vai. wipe face. -nvhonehe. ?? He wiped his (own) face.Variant: -nhvhon. vta: nvhonn.
nvhonhesttse
na. towel.Literally: wipe-face-thing. Variant: nhvhonesttse. This seems to be a less common pronunciation, compared to nhvhonesttse.Pl: nvhonhestoto. nvhonehno. He wiped his face. -nvhonhnho (var. of younger speakers) He wiped his face. See: -nhon.
-nvhoneh(n) vta. wipe face of s.o. with an object. for example, to wipe the face with a towel. -
-nvhonn vta. wipe face of s.o. -nvhonenahtse. He wiped his (own) face.Variant: -nhvhon. nv'e p. forty. See: neva 4 times. nv'e hhthnhn'e p. 450. -nvo'tonohe vai. have four braids. -nvo'tonohe He has four braids. -nvovahe vai. be four groups (an.). not used with sg. subjects. -nvovheo'o. There are four groups
(an.). Final: -vahe2. See: -v.
-nvvt vii. four groups (inan.). -nvvtnstse there are four groups (inan.). nvve p. four groups of. nvve xamaevo'staneo'o four tribes of Indians. See: n'kve; neva. -nvxe'ohe vii. four o'clock. -nvxe'ohe it's 4 o'clock. nxdir. toward, hither. allomorph of neh- preceding /h/. -nxho'eotsstse. He brought it here. nxho'hne. He came here. See: nh-. Antonym: ta-1.
nexa
p. two times; twice. Holliman Spelling: ni khi. nexa hmhtshnstva tsnhe'svonstse two
tepees long-faced (funny phrase said once by a lady related to a long-faced man whom she wished to shame for having beaten his wife; it means something like: "his face is so long he could pitch two tepees on it"). See: nee. Etymology: *nyiienwi.
-nexa vii. two in number (inan.). not used with sg. subject. -nxnstse There are two of them (inan.). nexa eva Tuesday.Literally: second day. nexa mhthtoha mhththn'e two thousand times. nexa mhththn'e two hundred times. nexa mhththn'e hhthn'ka two hundred and=one times. nexa ma'eeve when it is Tuesday; on Tuesday. Nexa Na'han'e na. Kills Twice Woman. nexa 'ome homhtahe vai. he has double pneumonia. nexa taohene obl. two miles in distance. nexa taohenva obl. two miles in distance. nexa ts'eeve vii. when it was Tuesday. nxahasstse voc. grandchildren; children-in-law (voc.). nxahe na. my grandchild; my grandchildren; my child-in-law; my children-in-law.Variant: navxaho.
nxahaneo'o our grandchildren. See: xahe your grandchild(ren). Etymology: *no:hihsa my
grandchild.
nxahhasstse
na. my grandchild; my grandchildren; my child-in-law; my children-in-law. Nxahhasstse! My grandchildren (voc)! See: nxahe; xahe.
nxahhasstse voc. my grandchildren (voc.), my children-in-law (voc.). -nxheve vai. be an orphan. -nxheve. He is an orphan. See: nstamenohe; Nhkhenxhe. -nxhveotse vai. orphaned. seems to include the idea that someone was orphaned rather suddenly.
-nxhveotse. He was orphaned suddenly. Naa mto tav'e-nxhveotseo'o ka'kneho. And also (liquor) makes orphans out of children. (1987:61). See: -eeotse.
nexahp- i. dull. -nxahp vii. dull. See: -o''o. -nxhpo It is dull (for example, knife). nxhtsenv'e ni. double barrel shotgun. See: 'eetaemaahv'e.Literally: two-mouth-gun. -nxa'etno
vai. think two ways. -nxa'etno. He thinks two ways. for example, when someone follows two different religions. See: -hstovetan.
-nxa'has'he vai. ride horse together, ride horse double. -nxa'has'heo'o. They are riding horse
together.
-nxa' vai. 1 both fall. -nxa'oo'o. They both fell.

2 be inseparable friends.
-nxa'nt vii. second. -nxa'nto. It is second. ts-nxa'nto the second one. -nxan vta. arm in arm with s.o. for example, walking around with arms around each other or just with
arms hooked. -nxanho He is arm in arm with him (or her). -nxanhtseo'o. They are walking arm in arm (or with arms hooked) (for example, when courting).
-nxan vti. hold two things. -nxanantse. He's holding them, two things. See: -nvan; -no'kan. nxne na. our uncle. -nxanen vai. have two of a kind (in cards). N-nxanne I have 2 of a kind. -nxnstse vii. two of them (inanimate). -nxnstse. There are two of them (inanimate). nxh'hma p. this side. Antonym: nhst'e. See: h'hma this side. nexo'- i. raw.
nxo'ho'vohktse ni. raw meat. See: -ho'e ??. nxo'mvhe

na. watermelon.Literally: raw-eating Obviative: nxo'mvheho ??. See: mhoo'o. thing ??. Pl: nxo'mvheo'o.
nexoht- i. cute. -nxohtahe vai. cute. See: -kohtahe. -nxohtahe. He/she is cute. vii: -nxoso. -nxohthtse vai. cute mouth. -nxohthtse. He has a cute mouth. -nxohttsest vti. regard s.t. as cute. -nxohttssta He thinks it's cute. -nxohthomo'he vai. dance in a cute way. -nxohthomo'he. He danced in a cute way. -nxoht'an vai. say cute. -nxoht'ne. He talks cute. fai: -'an. -nxohto'etahe vai. do something cute. -nxohto'etahe. He did something cute. -nxohtseme vii. cute story. -nxohtseme It is a cute story. See: -hsem. nxose- p. i. cutely. -nxoseamehtse He's walking cutely. -nxosn vai. cute face. -nxosne. He has a cute face. -nxosenestse vai. speak in a cute way. -nxosenestse. He talks cute. -nxosenohe vai. look cute. -nxosenohe. He looks cute. -nxosenohee vai. look cute lying, lie looking cute. -nxosenohe. He's lying (there) looking
cute.
-nxossan vai. dressed cute. -nxossne. He is dressed cute. Usage: not commonly used; more
common would be -nxosetshessan.Variant: -nxosetshessan. Final: -san.
-nxosetno vai. feel humorous about something, think that something is funny. -nxosetno. He's
thinking something is funny.
-nxosetshessan
vai. dress cute. Usage: more commonly used than -nxossan. nxosetshessne. He's dressed cute.Variant: -nxossan.
-nxosevhe vai. cute name, named cute. -nxosevhe. He has a cute name. -nxosevonehn vai. cute crawl. -nxosevonhne. He's crawling in a cute way. -nxos vii. cute. -nxoso. It's cute. [pd272] vai: -nxohtahe. -nnets'hta'han'tov vta. lie about s.o. See: -nets'e'tov; -hhta'han. -nets'hta'han'tovho. He
lied about him.
-n1 sfx. TI final. vht-nvo. They saw it. Nho'ts-nonstse We (excl) have them (inan). Nho'hnovotse Do you (pl) want them (inan)? Nhestan-nse. I am said to have seen it. hvohtanoho. He saw it (surp).
-n2
fni. place; area; district. Onnno Ree district. Mo'htvheomenno Black Lodge district. Hevhetanno Oklahoma. mhove'ho'no town. Tshstno Cheyenne nation; reservation. Ovemanhno Birney, Montana; Watonga, Okla. He'konemhove'ho'no Hardin, Montana. ntxve'ho'no barracks. See: -ven; 'e; -ma'o'omen; -m.
-n3 sfx. TA final which is the allomorph of the -'tov final, used when the stem-final vowel is highpitched. Notes (Phonology) This allomorph itself is used, instead of its low-pitched counterpart, when the subject of the verb is plural. Nma-nvoo'o. You gave them (an) away. See: -no; -'tov; -'t.
-no pro. conjunct ending for 1st person subject and 3rd person plural object. tshvom-no when I saw
them. tsonom-no the ones who I called. tsmht-no those who I love.
-no num. first person plural exclusive suffix. Nvomeme-no. You (sg/pl) saw us (excl). -no sfx. direct voice TA final allomorph of the -'tov final, used when the stem-final vowel is highpitched. Notes (Phonology) This allomorph itself has the allomorph -not when it is the last final of a verb.
This allomorph itself has the high-pitched allomorph -n when the subject of the verb is plural. Nne'tame-ntse. I depend on him. Nne'tam-none. We (incl) depend on him. ho'h-noto. He wanted him/her/them. Nne'tam-'tova. He depends on me.Variant: -'tov. See: -n; -'t.
na- i. giveaway; give at a feast. -nah'ne She is cooking for the wedding feast. -naheve. He is
giving away. See: -mea'e; Nhe. Etymology: cf. M na:sewan.
-nah'en vai. cook for return wedding feast. This is done by the bride's family. va-nah'ne. She
is cooking for the return wedding feast. -nah'eneo'o. They are cooking the wedding return feast. put on by the groom's family one year after the Indian wedding ?? to'sevanhah'enstove. (-na??) They are going to have a wedding return. see discussion of Indian weddings under -onenov. fai: -ah'en. See: -ho'otsstman; -hah'en; -naheve. fai: ah'en.
-nah'eov
vta. cook wedding feast for s.o. this is cooking for the "return" wedding feast ?? nah'e'e hevkemo His mother-in-law cooked the return wedding meal for him (WEDDING.TXT). Final: -ah'e.
Nhe1 Giver; Providence. translation uncertain; Petter (dictionary, p. 714) glosses it as 'Munificence,
personified deified Providence'; on p. 870 Petter glosses it as 'the providing deity'. Usage: archaic. Old term for a deity, recorded by Grinnell and Petter. The spelling is uncertain; it may, instead, be Nvhe, but current evidence favors Nhe. It has been suggested by a Cheyenne speaker that some proper names, such as Nv'e 'Medicine Woman' and Mo'henave 'Medicine Elk', end with a suffixal form of this name--in such proper names, as with proper names with ma'heo'o, a typical translation for -nave is 'Medicine'. See comments under ma'heo'o regarding its range of meanings. See: na-; ma'heo'o; Nv'e; Mo'henave; Nvse.
nhe2 p. Here it is, take it! Usage: old people used to say this; now usually shortened to nhe. See: nhe. -naheh vta. giveaway to s.o. -naheeho. He gaveaway to him. N-nahehanentse mo'hno'ha. I
got a horse from a giveaway. Nma'xe-nahehne I was really given away to (= I got a lot at the giveaway). N-naheeha. He gaveaway to me. N-nahehaa'e. He gave it away to me.
-naheve vai. giveaway. -naheve. He is giving away. -naheveo'o. They are giving away.
See: -hev; Nvse; -nah'en.
-nahev'seh vta. giveaway on behalf of s.o. N-nahev'sho I gaveaway in behalf of him. -nahev'tov vta. giveaway s.o. -nahevenoto mo'hno'hme He gaveaway a horse. nahevesttse ni. giveaway. -nahevstove vii. be a giveaway. -nahevstove. There is a giveaway. N'hhe na. Giving Woman. See: Nv'e; Nvse1. noanstatoo'o
woman.
na. female epithet. This is an old term of a female epithet curse called to another
Nv'e na. Medicine Woman. See: Mo'henave; Nhe1. navoo'tse Nvse

na. lazy person. Usage: often used as a putdown. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: navooto. Obviative: navooto. ni. Bear Butte.Literally: possibly medicine(sacred)-hill. Note: Located a few miles northwest of Rapid City, South Dakota; this is where Sweet Medicine received the covenant of the Sacred Arrows for the Cheyennes, and where Cheyennes go to pray and fast. This is a different butte from Nhkhvse. Translated as Gift Butte or Offer Butte in an 1886 list of Cheyenne place names. This is the probable spelling but it could be Nvvse. See: Nhe1; Mo'henave; Nv'e; -naheve; Nhkhvse. fii: -nno'e.
-nests fti. affect appearance. phve-nstse He fixed it up nice (for example, a house). fai: -nohe; nhse
p. whatever, any, anything. Often used with enclitic =ham, as nhs=hma, 'just any way'. Nhs=hma ohkenhetsexhevoo'o. He just says anything; he is unpredictable in what he says. (This has a meaning similar to 'he is wishy-washy.').Variant: nhso; nhse; nhse.
nhshma p. anything; any way; anywhere.Variant: nhshma; nhshma. See: nhse. nhso p. whatever, any, anything. often occurs with enclitic =ham. nhso hetane any man. nhso
tne'e whenever. Nhso hov'evhevhe. I'm wondering (or I was wondering) who/whatever they are. Tsa'e nhso mstanema'xetnhe'amepnenenhhe. He just shot in any direction up in the air (1987:277). See: nhshma; .Variant: nhse; nhse; nhse.
nhshma p. anything; any way; anywhere. Nhshma tnt'hovhoneo'o htsetseha. They just
put up tepees any old way now. [1987:224]Variant: nhshma.
-nheohts vii. vai. come off; brushed off. -nhehtse. It (or he) is coming off/it is being brushed off.
See: -nhon.
nheto p. let's go; go ahead. acts like a command. See: nmonhe'e.Variant: nmheto. -nhkahe vai. be frivolous ?? See: -tnenhkahe. -nhkahe He is frivolous. Nhka'hhe na. Contrary Woman. Non-contracted: Hohnhka'hhe. nhkhom'hesttse ni. pot dance. fai: -ohom'he. nhne- (nh-??) pv. very; intensifier (??). Cannot be used as a pv. in every mode; perhaps only in the
inferential. xhohanantseneho mh-nhnhetaa'tseho (Her leg) was very heavy; it was very big. (1980:66:79).
Nhn'he na. Cripple. -nhne'ahe vai. be crippled. -nhne'ahe He is a cripple/he is crippled.Variant: -nhne'kahe. Nhne'kaestse na. Limpy. -nhne'kahe vai. limp. -nhne'kahe. He limps.Variant: -nhne'ahe. -nhne'khhne vai. walk with a limp. -nhne'khhne He walked with a limp. Nhne'kh'hhe na. Limpy Woman; Lame Woman. Nhne'khso na. Little Limpy. noho p. five of. See: nhona. noho hetaneo'o five men. noho ma'kaatanstse $5 (lit. 5 monies). -nhah'en vai. cook the wedding return feast. -nheve vai. marry into a family. said of a man (the groom). -nheve. He's married into the family.
Hnhhe -nheve Anhso. Little Hawk was married into that family. [1987:181] He h'the mna'e ntaemne-nheve. Hey, this is brandnew. This is the first time you've been married.
[1987:174]
-nhevotse'ohe vai. work for family married into. -nhevotse'ohe. He works after marriage for his
father-in-law.
-nh'e'e vai. park (for example, at the side of a road or in a parking lot). Notes (Phonology) vs nh'e'e. He's parked. ts'hke-nh'eestove parking lot.
-nho'hon vai. lay eggs. -nho'hna She lay eggs/she (for example, hen) lay on her eggs/she hatched
eggs/she brooded ??
-nho'honaa'e
sit laying eggs.Literally: set sitting. -nho'honaa'e. She sat laying eggs. nho'honeo'o. They are sitting laying eggs. Notes (Phonology) vs his back.
-nho'xohts vai. vti. pack something on the back. -nho'xhtse ma'aatn'e. He's packing a gun on nhona p. five times. Holliman Spelling: no hon ni. See: noho. -nhon vii. be five in number; be a five dollar bill. not used with sg. subject except in reference to $5
(??). -nhonnstse. There are five of them (inan.).
nhona eva Friday.Literally: fifth day. nhona ma'eeve when it is Friday; on Friday. nhona ts'eeve vii. when it was Friday. Nhonaeeva ni. on Friday.Literally: on the fifth day. -nhonaeve vii. five dollars, 5 dollars. -nhonaeve. It's five dollars. -nhona'nt vii. fifth. See: nhona. -nhona'nto It is the fifth one. ts-nhona'nto the fifth one. -nhonnstse vii. 5 of them (inanimate). -nhonnstse. There are 5 of them (inanimate). nhone- pv. five.
-nhone vai. be five in number. -nhoneo'o There are five (an.). not used with sg. subject. -nhoneanam vai. be five years old. -nhoneanma He is five years old. nhon'e p. five days. Nhtsevho'ehtse nhon'e. I'll be back in five days. -nhonee'ham vai. be five months old. -nhonee'hma He is five months old. -nhonves vai. five point antlered. -nhonve. He has five point antlers. BodyPartMedial: -ves. -nhonehn vai. Final: -ehn.bear five children. -nhonhne She bore five children. -nhonoeme vai. vii. cost five dollars. -nhonoeme it/he costs 5. nhn'e p. fifty. nhnve p. five groups of. Etymology: *nya:0anwanwi. See: n'kve. -nhonxe'ohe vai. be five o'clock. -nhonxe'ohe. It's 5 o'clock. -nhoomaa'e vai. sit wrapped in a blanket. -nhoomaa'e. He's sitting wrapped in a blanket. -nhoomn vta. put blanket on s.o., put shawl on s.o. See: homa. -nhoomano. He put a blanket on
him. N-nhoomnaenoto. He put a blanket (obv) around me. Nhoomnahtsstse! Put your blanket/shawl on! Nhoomneha! Give her a Pendleton blanket!
-nhoomohts vai. have on a shawl, have a blanket wrapped around. -nhoomhtse. She hsd a
blanket/shawl on (wrapped around her).
-nhoomxesttse na. blanket; cover. he-nhoomxestoto his blanket covers (1987:195). See: homa. -nhvo'oo'e vai. sit with blanket/shawl/or robe wrapped around. Hotavoma mh-nhvo'oehhe. She
had on a buffalo robe. (1987:311). Notes (Phonology) vs
nhpa- pv. had to, so that, in order to. Reduplicated: nnhpa. N-nhpavho'ostse. I had to throw it
away. N-nhpamsehe. I had to eat (for example, didn't want to hurt the cook's feelings). Hhkeehe ssa-nhpno'ketnenaotshe. Blackstone was the only one that did not get any sleep at all. (1987:31). mstanon'tsevo'enhevhe msta-nhpakhaneotshevhe They fell exhausted, it caused them to become tired (1987:248). [1987:175] See: me'-h'ke-; h-.
nht- i. approach. See: nse-. -nhthomo'he. He's doing the telling war deeds dance. -nhtshoto. He
approached him.
noht- i. search for; seek.Variant: nos-. Etymology: *natw-. nht- i. war deeds ?? Preverb: nxe-. -nht fti. sew s.t. po'-nhta. He patched it. fai: -n'. -nhth'en vai. go after cooked food, fetch food. -nhth'ne. She went after the cooked food. -nhthen vai. go for drinks, go for beer. -nhthne. He's going to get beer. -nhta'ee'e vai. sit with head toward (something), face something. esp. of a dog sitting facing the door
of a house. -nhta'ee'e. He's sitting with his head toward (something). -nhta'eo'o. They are sitting facing (something). BodyPartMedial: -a'; vta: -nhta'e'tov.
-nhta'e't vti. sit facing s.t. -nhta''ta. He's sitting facing it. See: ae'ta'-; -ae'ta'e't. -nhta'e'tov vta. sit facing s.o. -nhta'e'tovho He's sitting facing him. See: ae'ta'-; -ae'ta'e'tov. -nhta'e'tov vta. stand facing s.o. Oha n-nhta'e'tvo ma'heo'o. I'm only looking toward God.
See: -ae'ta'oe'tov; -tsheta'oe'tov.
-nhta'v vai. go for wife. ta-nhta'va. He went for his wife. (that is, went to get his wife; perhaps
she was visiting somewhere). Medial: -'v.
-nhta'hohts vai. fetch man; look for a husband. Feminine: -asta'v. this is considered degrading to
a woman; a man should look for a woman. may imply looking for a man for a bad (that is, illicit) purpose. See: -ahotse; -hotse. -nhta'hhtse She went looking for a man.
-nhta'o't vti. grab for s.t., jump at s.t. -nhta''ta He grabbed for it. -nhta''tov vta. tackle, grab for, jump at s.o. -nhta''tovho. He tackled him / jumped at him.
-nhta'ov vta. fetch s.o. to drive; come after s.o. to drive; go after s.o. to drive. esp. for getting cattle to
drive. -nhta'ovho. He went after him to drive him. N-nhta'vo. I came after him. See: n'otsh; -n'otseh; -n'ooh'tov.
-nhta'ovo'ham vai. go after horses. -nhta'ovo'hme. He went to get horses. See: -nhtsevo'ham. -nhta'xanhne'tov vta. go crying to s.o. for help. -nhta'xanhne'tovsesto He would cry to them
for help (attrib.). This especially refers to a man who has pledged to go through the Sun Dance going to his soldier society for help in procuring the remaining items for the dance which he and his wife had not been able to gather.
-nhtan't vti. look for s.t. while diving. -nhtan'ta. He looked for it while diving. See: -nhtse'. -nhtoemhan vai. fetch firewood, go after firewood. -nhtoemhne. He is going after firewood.
See: -mhan.
-nhthomo'he vai. telling war deeds dance; pot dance.Literally: approach-dance. During this dance
people sang for scouts or veterans. Each warrior would tell his deed when the drum would be hit. Someone usually said "Hokahey" (in recognition of the war deed. -nhthomo'he. He's doing the war deeds dance. -nhthom'heo'o. They are doing the dance where war deeds are declared. Final: -ohom'he.
-nhthom'he'tanon vai. sing the Telling War Deeds Dance. N'osane-nhthom'he'tanonstse.

(STORIES.TXT).
Nhthom'hesttse ni. Telling War Deeds Dance. -nhto'hotse vai. run toward. -nhto'hots'tov vta. run to s.o. See: -n'ooh'tov. N-nhto'hots'tvo I ran to him. [Croft] nhto'hots'tov vta. run toward s.o. -nhto'hots'tovhtseo'o. They ran toward each other. -nhto'en vta. go after s.t./s.o. by wagon. N-nht'na. I went after it by wagon. -nhto'enen vai. haul. -nhto'enne. He's hauling freight. -nhto'hva vai. 1 vai. pot dance. -nhto'hva. He did the pot dance.
2 na. Pot Dance. translation uncertain. Nhto'hva
-nhto'xe vti. Final: -o'xe.come after s.t. to pack on the back. N-nhto'xe I came after it to pack it on
my back.
-nhtoosem
vta. take refuge with s.o., go to s.o. for refuge. N-nhtoosmo. I go to him for refuge.Variant: -nhtoosem'tov. See: -nhtsht.
-nhtoosem'tov vta. flee to s.o. for protection. -nhtoosemnoto. He fled to him/fig. he relies on him
(for example, on God). Usage: considered an older word; used by Christians to refer to reliance on God. See: -n'hov'tov; -amxem; -astoseme.
nhtv- i. know how. Etymology: cf. O nita:- (N). Preverb: nhtve-. -nhtvh'en vai. Final: -ah'en.know how to cook. -nhtvh'ne She knows how to cook. -nhtvahe vai. capable, know how to do things. See: -oto'xovahe. -nhtvahe He knows how to do
things. Preverb: nhtve-.
nhtvh'en vai. know how to cook. -nhtva'en vti. know how to drive s.t. -nhtva'na. He knows how to drive it. -nhtva'no'hme vai. know how to drive. -nhtva'no'hme. He knows how to drive. -nhtva''ts -nhtva'ov
vti. know how to do s.t. -nhtva''tse. He knows how to do it. See: -nhtvan; phva''ts. vta. be knowledgeable; capable toward s.o. ?? mxho'n=ta'se=nhtva'vhtse tshoho'tatse the hot weather did not agree with them (1987:39).
-nhtva'xan vai. know how to cry. -nhtva'xne. He knows how to cry. -nhtvan vti. know how to do s.t. -nhtvna. He knows how to do it. tse-nhtvnvo (I prayed
that) they will know what to do (1987:99). Tnetaa'e hov'he -nhtvna. He knew how to do many things. (1987:187). See: -nhtva'o'ts.
-nhtvtam vta. know how to think of s.o. ohksa-nhtvatamhevo They don't know how to think
of them (1987:227).
-nhtvtsest vti. wonder about s.t. -nhtovtssta. He's wondering about it.Variant: -nstovtsest. -nhtvxa vti. know how to cut s.t. -nhtvxa. He knows how to cut it. nhtve- pv. know how to. See: oto'xove-. -nhtvetshsenestse. He knows how to talk Cheyenne. nhtvetoo'hame He knows how to swim. Nsa-nhtve-estsstovheo'o hsstse v'h'e I don't
know how to speak to some white people (BERTHA.TXT).
-nhtve'aht vai. accustomed to the taste of s.t. Nsa-nhtv'hthe. I'm not used to the taste of it. -nhtv'ha vai. know how to fly. -nhtv'ha. He knows how to fly. -nhtve'han vai. know how to eat. -nhtve'hna. He knows how to eat. -nhtvenestse vai. know how to talk. -nhtvenestse. He knows how to talk (language). typically
said of babies when they learn to talk. See: -nhtv'an. sa-nhtvenstshe. He doesn't know how to talk/he is mute (dumb). taomhtse-nhtvenestse naphpneehhame. My tapeworm can almost talk by itself (= my stomach is growling).
-nhtvenon vai. know how to sing. N-nhtvenne I know how to sing. -nhtvenonoohe
(1987:157).
vai. know how to sing. noo, nhta-nhtvenonoohe my, I really sang right
-nhtovetan vai. wonder, ponder. See: -oo'hetan. -nhtovetno. He's pondering. See: -oo'hetan. -nhtovetan't vti. wonder about s.t. -nhtovetan'ta. He's wondering about it. -nhtovetan'tov vta. wonder about s.o. See: -mxetan'tov; -txetan'tov. -nhtovetan'tovho. He is
wondering about him. ame-nhtovetan'tovhtsstove. You (should) keep on wondering about them/you should keep in touch with them (Impersonal) (1987:219).
-nhtovetann'e
vai. stand wondering. tshnhtovetannvse while they were standing wondering (Luke 24:4). Notes (Phonology) vs
-nhtvet'hna vai. know how to swim. -nhtvet'hna. He knows how to swim. fai: -t'hon. -nhtvostn
vai. know how to read. -nhtvstne He knows how to read. naa mvenhtvostonhevhe and they know how to read (1987:192).
-nhtvhomo'he vai. know how to dance. -nhtvhomo'he. He knows how to dance. -nhtvhne vai. know how to sign. -nhtvhne. He knows sign language. fai: -ohon. See: -hov. -nhtvhthn vai. vti. know how to design beadwork. -nhtvhthne. He knows how to design
beadwork. Mxho'nohkenhee-nhtvhthnvhtse. They must not have known how to make designs like that. See: -hohthn.
-nhtvo'a'v vai. know how to ride a bicycle. -nhtvo'a'va. He knows how to ride (a tricycle or
bicycle). See: -am'a'v.
-nhtv'an vai. know how to say words. -nhtv'ne. He knows how to pronounce words. sanhtvo'anhe. He doesn't know how to say words. fai: -'an. See: -nhtvenestse.
-nhtvo'em vta. know how to tease s.o. -nhtvo'eemo. He knows how to tease him. ohksanhtvo'emheo'o. They can't take a tease.
-nhtvo'etahe vai. know how to do things. -nhtvo'etahe. He knows how to do things. -nhtvo'nn
vai. know how to tan. See: -ho'nn. -nhtvo'nne She knows how to tan (STORIES.TXT). vai. know how to plow. hnhhhe nxhse-nhtvoma'xva that's where I learned how to plow (1987:187).
-nhtvoma'xov
-nhtvoma'xovoohe vai. Final: -ma'xov.know how to plow. mstanhtv-oma'xovoohehhe

He must have known how to plow (1987:70).
-nhtovom'ta vti. anticipate, expect s.t. See: -hotsovo'setan. -nhtovom'ta. He anticipates/expects

it.
-nhtvotse'ohe vai. know how to work. See: -hotse'ohe. -nhtvotse'ohe He knows how to work.
-nhtvotse'ht vti. know how to use s.t. -nhtvotse'ht ma'kaata He knows how to use money. nhtse- pv. i. look for; seek. -nhtsevomho. He looked for him. -nhtsevo'hme. He looked for (for
example, his own) cattle.
-nohts fti. kill; destroy. e-vonenhtse He has destroyed everything. fta: -not. -nhtsem'h vta. look for lice on s.o. -nhtsemo'ho. He looked for bugs on him. -nhtsemo'hho.
He looked for bugs on him. (alternate used by younger speakers).
-nhtsem'xevaen vta. look for lice on s.o. -nhtsem'xevaenho. He quickly look on his head for
bugs.
-nhtshht vti. approach s.t. See: -ho'hht. -nhtshhta. He approached it. vta: -nhtsht. -nhtsht
vta. approach; come near s.o. See: -no'hts'tov; -ho'ht; -hhane'ov; -nhtoosem. nhtshoto. He approached him. Nta-nhtshtone ma'heo'o! Let us come near God! (Hymn 5). vti: -nhtshht.
-nhtse' vti. look for s.t. N-nhts'a. I looked for it. hma'xe-nhtse'nvse vhonema'kaata. They
came looking for gold (1987:19). Hetanvesttse nta-nhts'a, nevetanoo'o! You have gone looking for manhood, get on with it! (1987:244). Ts-nhts'o em'eoh'ta. He found what he was looking for (=irony: said about s.o. who runs here and there, maybe drinking, etc.--then he has an accident; so that (accident) should be a lesson to him). See: -nhtsevoht; -nhtan't.
-nhtse'staemn vta. feel around for lice of s.o. N-nhtse'staemnahtse. I'm feeling around for my
lice.
-nhtse'v vai. look for wife. -nhts'va. He's looking for his wife. See: -he'tan. Medial: -'v. -nhtse'ov vta. seek s.o., search for s.o., look for s.o. -nhtse'ovho. He searched for him. Nmhne;
n-nhtse'vo vhkhe. I'm hunting rabbits (lit. I'm hunting; I'm looking for a rabbit). Tsetanhtse''e matanv'h'e. A policeman will go look for him. (1987:156). See: -nhtsem; nhtsevom; -nhtsooh'tov; -nhtseveots'tov; -nhtsstov.
-nhts'sevn vti. vta. feel around searching for s.t./s.o. N-nhts'svno. I felt around for him. [Croft]
See: -nsovoo'ov ??.
-nhts'sevanen vai. feel around searching; search feeling around. for example, as a blind person
would do, or when trying to find something in the dark, or when touching one's partner under the covers during sex. -nhts'svnne. He felt around for something.Variant: -nhtsvanen.
-nhtsem vai. ask for s.o., inquire about s.o. -nhtsemho. He asked for him. Nhove-nhtsmo. I
tried to contact him (for example, but he was gone). vti: -nhtsest. See: -nhtse'ov; nhtsstov question s.o.; -nhtsevtam.
-nhtsen vti. look for s.t. -nhtsna mahpe. He is looking for water. -nhtsna hestssta'he. He's
looking for his umbilical cord. (a humorous expression). See: -nhtse'. vta. look for s.o. N-nhtsno I looked for him. See: -nhtse'ov.
-nhtseno'
vai. stalk prey. -nhtsen'e He stalked prey. for example, a cat remaining quiet and motionless waiting to pounce on a mouse, or like a hawk perched in a tree stalking game. See: meno'. fai: -no'; vta: -nhtsenot.
-nhtseno''e vai. stand stalking. -nhtseno''e. He's standing stalking. Notes (Phonology) vs -nhtsenot vta. 1 stalk s.o. -nhtsenotho He stalked him. vai: -nhtseno'.
2 fig., court s.o. can be used of a man courting a woman. See: -maet.
-nhtsenxven vta. stalk s.o., spy on s.o., sneak up on s.o. seems to include a meaning element of
sneaking up on s.o. -nhtsenxvaenho. He stalked him/he concentrated on him. [1980:53:26] See: -nhtseno'.
-nhtsooh'tov vta. look for s.o. st-nhtsooh'tovsesto ho'honaa'o. (The whiteman) looked for a
rock. (Croft 1988:27:4). [1987:170, 292, 307] See: -nhtse'ov.
-nhtsest vti. ask about s.t., inquire about s.t. -nhtssta. He asked about it. Hov'he ohksapo'nhtssthnvo v'h'e. No matter what, whites ask questions about anything. vta: -nhtsem. See: -nhtsstov; -vest.
-nhtsstomev
vta. ask about something of s.o. Nta-nhtsstomevtse Let me ask you about something. See: -nhtsstov; -vestomev.Variant: -nstomev. vta. ask about s.o. N-nhtsstomevnoto. You asked me about them (an.).
-nhtsstomev'tov vti. ask about s.t. N-nhtsstomeventse. You asked me about them (inan). -nhtsstov
vta. ask s.o., question s.o.Variant: -nstov. Many speakers in the early 21st century pronounce this as -nstov. Older speakers in the 1970s and 1980s still pronounced this as nhtsstov. Petter wrote 'I questioned him' as nanztovo in his dictionary, page 879. Petter's transcription corresponds to the current spelling of nnhtsstvo 'I questioned him.'. The Cheyenne language has two separate verbs for 'question', with different meanings. Some speakers, perhaps especially younger ones, tend to use this verb, -nhtsstov, for both meanings. (There may be some interference from English which has only a single verb 'ask.') This Cheyenne verb 'ask' means ' to question s.o.'. The other 'ask' verb, -vestomev, means 'to ask s.o. for something'. For example, when Cheyenne pray, they often say, "Ma'heo'o, nvestomevtse...", 'God, I ask you for ...'. -nhtsstovho. He asked him. Naa vo'stanho mh-nhtsstovhevhe tsohkevhevstvetse me'heena'hstse na'stse hma'e. And he asked somebody what to do to kill a beaver. [1988:275] See: -vestomev ask him for (something); -vovhpona'ov interrogate s.o.. vti: -nhtsest.
-nhtsetan'tov vta. wonder about s.o. -nhtsetan'tovho. He's wondering about him. -nhtsvanen -nhtsevtam
vai. feel around searching; search feeling around. -nhtsvnne. He searched by feeling around.Variant: -nhts'sevanen. vta. long for s.o., yearn for s.o., miss s.o., be lonesome for s.o., pine for s.o. nhtsevtamho. He longs for him. N-nhtsevtmo. I'm longing for him. vti: -nhtsevtsest. See: -nhtsem; -hons'ot.
-nhtsevtsest vti. long for s.t., yearn for s.t., miss s.t., lonesome for s.t. -nhtsevtssta. He yearns
for it. See: -honsetan.
-nhtseva'x'tov vta. look around for s.o. often said of someone looking around in a giveaway dance
for someone to giveaway to. -nhtseva'x'tovho. He looked around for him. See: nhtseveots'tov.
-nhtseve't
vti. look for s.t. while standing, stand looking for s.t. -nhtseve'ta. He was standing looking for it. Final: -. See: -nhtseveots't.
-nhtseve'tov vti. look for s.o. while standing; stand looking for s.o. -nhtsevee'tovho. He was
standing looking for him. See: -nhtseveots'tov.
-nhtseveots't
vti. look (around??) for s.t. Mstae-nhtseveots'thhe khmxe. She looked around for a stick. [1987:257] See: -nhtseve't. vta. look (around??) for s.o. Msta-nhtseveots'tovhevhe nhe tsnsema'xetsese. (The man) looked (around??) for this one who smelled awful. [1987:282] See: -nhtse'ov; -nhtsevom; -nhtseva'xe'tov. See: -nhta'ovo'ham.
-nhtseveots'tov
-nhtsevo'ham vai. look for livestock, look for horses. -nhtsevo'hme. He looked for the horses. -nhtsevoht vti. look for s.t. -nhtsevhta. He looked for it. See: -nhtse'. -nhtsevom
vta. look for s.o. -nhtsevomho. He looked for him. See: -nhtsen; -nhtse'ov; nhtseveots'tov; -vom.
no'- pv. also, included. N-no'hxe'anne. I also cleaned (esp. to clean house). See: no'(e)-. no'i. also; include. See: no'(e)-; vse-; naa; mato; hse-. -no'ane He (or it) is included. hno'hom'hnse hvnhne He was dancing with a shield (1987:48). Preverb: no'(e)-.
-no'ho'he vai. included in cooking. -no'ho'he. He is included in the cooking. that is, he (some
animate food) is included with what is being cooked.
-no'a'
vii. belong, included. htshhe sa-no'a'hane tsxxamaevo'stanhvtse Tsstshsthtse here it is not part of our Indian way of life, us Cheyennes (1987:12). nhhe mtano'a'hanhe It belongs there (1987:50). -no'a'e. It belongs. Usage: Not so commonly used today as -no'an. See: -no'an.
-no'a'ham vta. throw s.o. along with. -no'a'hamho. He threw him along with something else. -no'a'xne vai. cry with (something or someone). -no'a'xne. He cried with (something or someone).
vta: -no'a'xan'tov.
-no'a'xan'tov vta. cry with someone. -no'a'xannoto. He cried with him. vai: -no'a'xan. -no'an vti. vta. include s.t./s.o. -no'na. He included it. N-no'na vhpoma'htse I'm sprinkling it (for
example, meat) (with) salt. Nhhe m-no'anhevhe There they staked out a place (lit. they were included) (1987:181).
no'an'o ni. blank handgame bone.Pl: no'aneontse. See: n'oes'o. no'aneono

na. mixtures; leaves (esp. of sumac) mixed with kinnikinnic for smoking. no'aneono is animate, while no'aneontse is inanimate. Apparently some speakers consider this smoking mixture animate, while others consider it inanimate.Variant: no'aneontse. See: no'otsstottse; ma'komeehso.
no'aneon'e ni. sumac.Pl: no'aneon'stse. no'aneontse ni. mixtures for smoking. leaves (esp. of sumac) mixed with kinnikinnic for smoking.
No'aneontse nhe'pontse. I'm smoking sumac leaves kinnikinnic.Variant: no'aneono. See: no'otsstottse; ma'komeehso.
mixed
with
-no'seohe vai. vti. vta. take away (s.t. or s.o.). -no'seohentse na'xnstse He/She (for example, a
beautiful woman, handsome man, beautiful horse) took my eyes away (a humorous idiom, indicating that the speaker was highly impressed by the physical qualities of the object).
-no'seohe hohtsemo
vta. play football. Nth-no'seohnone hohtsemo! Let's go play football! (refers to running away with the ball).
-no'aseoh'ts vti. run away with s.t. Usage: fig.. For example, he thought she was so beautiful that he
kept staring at her as she walked on by. She is the one who "runs away" with his eyes that are staring at her. He'xnstse -no'aseoh'tsentse. She ran away with his eyes.
-no'sm vai. included in poop. tssta-no'smtse mata when the peyote button was included in our
poop (PEYOTE.TXT). fai: -asme.
-no'tam vta. arm s.o. See: -hatamaahtan. taohke-no'tamhtsnvse They use that (cursing and
antagonism) as a weapon (1987:211). ohke-no'tamahtse He uses (s.t.) for protection (of himself) (and he's probably instigating trouble, for example, looking for a fight).Literally: include-regard-s.o. ??.
-no'ax vti. include s.t. when cutting. -no'xa. He cut it also. for instance, when cutting out the liver,
to cut out the gall at the same time.
-n' fai. sew. hahpe-n'e. She's sewing. po'-n'e. She is mending/patching. -totho'pen'e. She's
quilting. fta: -nt. See: -no' kill. Etymology: *-kwa:'s sew (AI medial).
-no' fai. kill. me-n'e. He killed on the sly. mhe-no'oohe. He killed all (of them). fta: -not. See: n' sew.
no'(e)- pv. included; also. See: -no'an; -no'en; -no'ehn; vse-; mato. N-no'nmne I also sang (in the
sense of 'I added singing to my list of activities', not the meaning 'I was included in the count of those who sang'; for the latter meaning, n-vsenmne. N-no'htveasestse I also know how to talk on the telephone. N-no'ee'ha'ontse vhe I put on my shoes with the morning star (=got up early). -no'ee'ha''o'hho He put something (for example, shoes) on him ?? no'ee'ha'onho He put something (for example, shoes) on him ?? Initial: no'-.
-no'eehe vai. vti. move camp with (s.t.). -no'ehe (no'eehe ??) He moved (with something)/he 'wentincluded'. m'hkhtxove-no'ehhenovhe ma'heneome They (Israelites) moved back and forth with the Tabernacle. fai: -eehe.
no'ee'e
na. 1 squirrel. Etymology: cf. Ar n'ouh'. Diminutive: no'kee'e. no'eho (no'eeho??) ohkhvhtsnovtse stot'eo'xseontse Squirrels store pine nuts. (1979:205).Pl: no'eeho. AltPl = no'eeo'o Obviative: no'eeho. 2 Squirrel.
-no'ehn vai. walk while carrying something. -no'hne. He is walking carrying something.
vti. walk while carrying s.t. N-no'hnentse. I carried them (inan.).
-no'hn'tov
vta. walk carrying s.o. See: -no'e'tov. -no'hnnoto He carried him. Nhtxoveno'hnentse I'm walking back and forth holding (for example, the baby). N-no'hn'tova. He carried me. Notes (Phonology) ai+o vti.
-no'e'h vai. fly carrying something. -no''ha. He's flying carrying (something). -no'e'h'tov vta. fly carrying s.o. -no'e'hnoto 'enoto. He's flying carrying a snake. -no'e'han vai. eat poison food; be poisoned while eating. -no'e'hna. He ate poison. -no'e'han'seh vta. poison s.o. -no'e'han'shho. He poisoned him. no'e'hanv'stse ni. loco-weeds.Literally: poison-weeds. -no'e'hoohe vai. fly carrying something. -no'e'hoohe. He flew carrying something. -no'e'hotse
vai. fly carrying (s.t.). See: -no'e'h. mstaosanho'-no'e'hotshhe (the bird) arrived flying with (it) (1987:262).
-no'emas vta. shoot also and hit s.o. -no'emsho. He also hit him (for example, with a bullet or
arrow). Initial: no'-; fta: -emas. See: -am.
-no'emohe vai. vti. run with something. for instance, to run with a staff. -no'emohe. He's running
with something. fai: -mohe.
-no'en vti. catch s.t./s.o. what was caught was thrown to you by someone, different from -nha'en. for
example, caught a ball. -no'na. He caught it (for example, a stick). vta. -no'enho. He caught him (for example, a ball). See: -nha'en; no'-; -no'oh(n).
-no'enen vai. catch. -no'enestse vai. include something while speaking. -no'enestse. He included something along with his
talk.
-no'ensts't
vti. include s.t. when speaking a language. htae-n'ensts'tomvosstse nsta'ome'estsstottse when they use that old language, old traditional language (1987:145). no'enoto. He sewed him on. -no'enhevotse? Are they (for example, soles of moccasins) sewed on also? fta: -nt.
-no'ent vta. patch on s.o. esp. to patch something (such as animate cloth) on to something else ?? -
-no'e'tov
vta. stand holding s.o., hold s.o. standing. See: -no'hn'tov; -ameem; -no'oo'e. no'eenoto. He is holding him while standing. N-no'eentse. I'm standing up holding him. Final: -. See: -no'o'tovohe.
-no'ee'tovohe vai. stand holding baby. -no'ee'tovohe. She's standing holding her child. Final: -vohe. -no'eohe vai. vti. go carrying something. -no'eohe. He's carrying something. -no'eohts vai. walk carrying (something). -no'ehtse. He is walking carrying something.
vti. walk carrying s.t. Hnov'e tsno'eohtseto? no'eohtshenovtse. They carried them (inan.).
What are you carrying? M'hke-
-n'e'e vti. hold s.t. while standing, stand holding s.t. -n'e'e. He's holding it while standing. n'sepv. over. -n'sevonhne He climbed over. N-n'seva'ontse ho'hon'e. I fell over the rock. -n's'ha vai. fly over. -n's'ha. He flew over (something). -n'semohe vai. straining to go over (something), run over hill. fai: -mohe. -n'seohts vai. go over. esp. to go over a hill. -n'sehtse. He went over the hill. -n'se'e vai. lean over (something).
vti. lean over s.t. -n'se'e. He's leaning over it.
-n'see vai. lie over. for example, be asleep lying over a log.Variant: -n'ee. -n'se. He's lying
over. vta: -n'em. See: -no'ee.
n'seto p. over (esp. over a hill); on the other side of the hill. See: homa; 'otseto.
-n'sevo'oh(n) vta. knock s.o. over (something). for example, to hit a ball over a field or a fence. n'sevo'hnho. He knocked him over (something).
-n'sevonhne vai. climb over, crawl over. -n'sevonhne. He climbed over. n'es(t)- i. over. -no'est
vai. answer. -no'sta. He answered. -no'stnvo. (Extant??) Etymology: *naxkw-. vta: no'stov; vti: -no'st't.
-n'sthahts vti. put s.t. over. -n'sthhtse. He put it over (something). -n'sta'no'ham vai. drive over a hill. for example, to drive over the divide from Lame Deer to
Ashland. -n'sta'no'hme. He drove over the hill.
-n'sta'hahts vti. throw s.t. over. for example, to throw s.t. over a building. -n'sta'hhtse. He
threw it over.
-n'sta'ham vta. throw s.o. over. for example, to throw s.o. over a building. -n'sta'hamho. He
threw him over. See: -va'ham.
-n'sta'haso'he vai. ride horse over (a hill). -n'sta'haso'he. He rode horse over (a hill). -n'st'o vai. jump over. for example, as a horse would jump over a log. -n'st'o. -no'st't vti. answer s.t. for example, to answer a letter. -no'st'ta. He answered it. vai: -no'est. -n'stan
vti. lift s.t./s.o. over something. -n'stanho. He lifted him over. for example, to life someone over a fence. vai. lean against (over??). Nhhe sta-no'stenasstse hohtsetsva. There he was leaning against a tree. [1980:67:14] vai. hung over.Literally: over-hang. -n'sto'to. He has a hang over. Usage: loan translation. See: -hose.
-no'stsee -n'stoe't
-n'stoe'tmea'xe vai. smell hung over, hung over smell. -n'stoe'tmea'xe. He smells hung over. -n'stoe'tvenohe vai. look hung over. -n'stoe'tvenohe. He looks hung over. -n'stosen vai. hang over. See: -n'stoe't. -n'stose He's hanging over (for example, a fence). -n'stestman vai. strap, carry hung over. tsto'se-n'stestmnstse the one who was going strap
(him) to his saddle (Stamper 1991:10).
-n'stevaen vta. strap, carry s.o. hung over. "Naa nhtsenxhho'-n'stevno," xhetaesesto.
"I'll bring him back strapped (over) the back of my saddle," he said. [Stamper 1991:10]
-n'sthhta vti. approach s.t. over the hill. -n'sthhta. He went over the hill toward it. fti: -hoht. -no'sto'hotse vai. run over. as in running over the top of a hill, not as in running over somone.
stat'-no'sto'hotsesstse. He ran over (the hill). [Head Chief text]
-n'sto'as vii. fire go over the hill. -n'sto'se. The fire burned over the hill. -n'sto'xe vai. vti. carry over shoulder. -n'sto'xe He's carrying it over his shoulder. [TR 10/90] See: amo'xe.
n'stneehaseono na. suspenders.Literally: over.stringlike (things). Medial: -n. -n'stneee

vai. lie over (of a stringlike entity). for example, to lie over the top of a hill. n'stne. He is lying over.
-n'stovotse vii. flow over. -n'stovotse. The river flowed over its bank. fii: -ov. -no'stsan vai. answer. -no'stsne. He answered (people). no'stsanesttse ni. answering machine. Usage: neologism. See: -no'stsant. -no'stsant vii. answer. ts-no'stsanto answering machine. vai: -no'stsan. -no'stov vta. answer s.o. -no'stovho. He answered him. sthee-no'stehoono. They answered
him this way (content to follow this verb). vai: -no'est; Reduplicated: -non'stov; Antonym: nhtsstov. Etymology: cf. *naxkw-; O nakwetaw (N).
-n'stovhto'he vai. haul something over (the hill). -n'stovhto'he. He took stuff over the hill.
fai: -vhto'he.
-no'ee
vai. lie include. -no'e. He had something with him as he was lying. No'enhne nevohstovevtse! Lie down with your (pl) weapons! (1980:6:12). See: -n'see.
-n'ee vai. lie over. for example, be asleep lying over a log.Variant: -n'see. -n'e. He's lying
over. vta: -n'em.
-n'em vta. lay s.o. over something.Variant: -n'see. -n'emho. He lay him over (it). vai: n'see; Particle: n'seto.
-no'evh'tov vta. named for s.o. -no'evhenoto. He is named for him. N-no'evhe'tova. He is named
for me. N-no'evhentse. I am named for him. See: -vh; -oesevh.
no'h- i. pv. aside. -no'hamehtse He walked (or strayed) aside (for example, off the path) ?? no'htno He is turning (mentally).
-no'hhn go aside; stray. -no'hhne. He "left the fold"/backslid/got off the path. -no'hhoov vta. motion s.o. aside. -no'hhoovho. He motioned him to get off the road. -no'h'hahts vti. jerk aside s.t. -no'h'hhtse. He jerked it aside. -no'h'ov
vta. push aside s.o., lead astray s.o. -no'h'ovho. He led him astray. Ts'the seo'tse staohke-no'h'oesesto ts''en'netotse. This ghost pushed him aside toward the darkness.
(1980:35:62).
-no'hn vta. put aside s.t./s.o. -no'hnho. He put him aside. -no'hna. He put it aside. -no'hnah(n) vta. shove s.o. off track, push s.o. off track. -no'hnhnho. He shoved him off the trail. -no'hoesta'xe
vai. Medial: -oest.escape; get off; get away. See: -amxem. -no'hoesta'xe He got away/he escaped/he got off. no'hhn; -no'hotse; -vaohts.
-no'hohts vai. turn aside; get off track; walk off (esp. a path). -no'hhtse. He got off track. See: -no'hoohe vai. step aside; move aside; go off the road. -no'hoohe. He stepped to the side. stano'hoohhoo'o He stepped to one side (Croft 1988:28:28).
-no'h'e vai. stand out of the way. -no'h'e. He's standing out of the way. -no'hoo'hetan vai. be inattentive. -no'hoo'hetno He was inattentive.Literally: aside-think. -no'hotse vai. vii. left out, diverted. -no'hotse. He was diverted. tssto'ssano'ke-no'hotsse so he
would not be the only one left out (Stamper 1991:10). See: -ntseotse; ntheotse.
-no'he vai. lie out of the way. -no'he. He's lying out of the way. -no'hem vta. place s.o. out of the way. -no'hemho. He placed him out of the way. -no'htan
vai. distracted, inattentive. See: -vone'stshahtse; -vona'stsh. -no'htno He was inattentive.Literally: aside-think.
-no'htanotse vai. become distracted; inattentive. -no'htanotse He was distracted. -no'hva'has'heohe vai. ride horse out of the way quickly. -no'hva'has'heohe. He quickly rode
his horse out of the way.
-no'hva' vai. slide off. -no'hv'o. He went off (esp. of driving off the road into the ditch). no'hve- pv. to the side. h-no'hveka'a'xhoo'o xao'o The skunk jumped to one side. (Croft 1988:16:30).
-no'hvethoo'e. He rode to the side.
-no'hv'ha vai. fly out of formation. -no'hv'ha. He flew out of formation. -no'hvne' have appendicitis. -no'hvn'o. He has appendicitis.Literally: grow off to the side. See: hne'.
-no'hn vta. steady s.o. -no'hono. He held him steady / He held him in his arms / he held him (for
example, by the shoulders) to keep him from staggering. -no'hnho. He held him steady (pronunciation of younger speakers). ohkee'ame-no'honovo ma'hhkseho. They helped the old people walk (that is, steadied them as they walked).
-n'hov'tov vta. flee to s.o. for protection. See: -nhtoosem'tov. -n'hov'tovho. He fled to him. -n'hovooh't vti. run to s.t. for protection. would often imply running scared. N-n'hovooh'ta
e'oestahesttse I'm running toward baptism.
-n'hovooh'tov vta. run to s.o. for protection. Nhtaohkhse=ta'se=n'hovooh'tovne all we could

do was run to (God) (1987:197).
no'k- i. one, alone. no'ka p. once. Holliman Spelling: no ga. See: na'stse; nexa. no'ka eva Monday.Literally: first day. no'ka ho'n'stva obl. one step length. approximately one yard. (no'ka) mhthtoha mhththn'e hhthneva mhththn'e 1468 times. (no'ka) mhthtoha mhththn'e (or no'ka vonstnstva) one thousand times. no'ka mhththn'e p. one hundred; one hundred times. no'ka mhththn'e (hhth)mhtohto hhthn'ka (or 'ome mhththn'e 111 times. no'ka mhththn'e hhthmhtohto n'stse (or no'ka 111 of. no'ka mhththn'e hhthn'stse (or 'ome n'stse) 101 of. no'ka mhththn'e hhthna'n'e 130 times. no'ka mhththn'e hhthns'e (or no'ka mhththn'e 120 times. no'ka mhththn'e hhthn'ka (or 'ome no'ka) 101 times. no'ka ma'eeve vii. when it is Monday; on Monday. no'ka ma'heneeva obl. one week.Literally: for one holy day. no'ka (n'??) p. once; one time. See: na'stse; n'kve. no'ka o'seo'o one bite. nexa o'seova two bites, etc. no'ka ts'eeve vii. when it was Monday. alternate ts'nema'heneeeve (lit. when the holy day was
ended).
-no'kh'en vai. cook alone. -no'kh'ne. He's the only one cooking. fai: -ah'en. -no'kahe vai. be one (an.) in number; be alone. for example, often said of ma'heo'o 'God'. -no'kahe.
There is one (an.) in number. tsh-no'khto by myself. See: no'ka; -mano'ahe. vii: -n'ka'e.
-no'kho'he vai. cooked alone. for example, of a potato (animate). -no'kho'he. He is cooked alone. -no'khtomn vai. hear alone. -no'khtomne. He is the only one that heard. -no'khtohe vai. sound alone. -no'khtohe. He is the only one sounding. fai: -ahtohe. no'khtsenv'e
ni. nxhtsenv'e.
single-barrel
shotgun.Literally: one-mouth-gun.
See: 'eetaemaahv'e;
-n'ka'e vii. be one in number; be a one dollar bill. -n'ka'e There is one; it is a 1 dollar bill. no'ka'ehe? Is there one? Notes (Phonology) iah vai: -no'kahe.
-no'ka'eso'he vai. one horse travel; travel by one horse. ohke-no'ka'ees'heo'o. They use one-horse
buggies.
no'ka'es'hesttse ni. motorcycle. vai: -no'ka'eso'he. See: po'po'ho'hvahttse. -no'ka'no'ham vai. drive alone. that is, be the only one driving. -no'ka'no'hme. He's the only one
driving. fai: -a'no'ham.
-no'ka'haso'he vai. ride horse alone. -no'ka'haso'he. He's the only one riding a horse. fai: -a'has'he. -no'ka'nt vii. first one. -no'ka'nto. It is the first one/it is number one. ts-no'ka'nto the first
one (for example, first grade). See: vove-.
-no'ka'ov vta. have s.o. alone. N-no'ka'ovtse. I have you by myself. -no'ka'ov vta. terrorize s.o. alone. -no'ka'ovho. He terrorized him by himself.
-no'ka'xan vai. cry alone. -no'ka'xne. He's crying by himself. fai: -a'xan. -no'ka'xan'e vai. cry alone standing, stand crying alone. -no'ka'xan'e. He's standing crying by
himself.
-no'kan vti. vta. only care about one s.t./s.o. xamae-no'kannvo hemanstvvo. The only thing that
matters to them is their drinking. (1987:13). See: -nxan; -nvan.
-no'ksome vai. poop alone. -no'ksome. He's the only one who pooped. -no'ke'e vai. drink alone. -no'ke'e. He's drinking alone. -no'ktam vta. only think of s.o. ?? -no'ktamho He only thinks of him. -no'ktamahtse He only
thinks of himself/he is conceited/he is proud.
-no'ktamao' vai. laugh alone. -no'ktama'o. He laughed alone. no'ke- p. i. alone; one. -no'keanma. He is one year old. -no'kee'hma. He is one month old. hno'kehta. He had one leg. [1987:220] See: taome-.
no'ke'e ni. one year. No'ke-'e tanhe'xove. It's been one year ago. IndepNoun: a'e. -no'keanam vai. be one year old. -no'keanma He is one year old. no'kee'e na. squirrel.Pl: no'keeho. Non-diminutive: no'ee'e. -no'kee'e vai. be alone. -no'kee'e He's by himself. no'keeo'o. They are by themselves (for example,
unattended). Notes (Phonology) vs
no'k'e p. for one day. that is, an overnight. See: n'e. -no'keno'e vii. one day in time. ta-no'keno'e. It's been one day. Final: -no'e. -no'keeno'ts vai. Final: -o'ts.camp one night. -no'keen'tse He camped one night. -no'kee'ham vai. be one month old. -no'kee'hma He is one month old. -no'ketno vai. want to be by self. -no'ketno. He wants to be by himself. can be said of someone
who wants to ride solo on a horse.
-no'kha vii. lie alone, lie by itself. -no'kha. It's lying by itself. -no'khasen vai. Final: -hasen.have one seed up in seed-in-basket game. N-no'khasne I got one
seed up.
-no'kehn vai. walk alone. -no'khne. He's walking alone. -no'ke'en

vai. stay alone in tepee (or room). for example, a woman during her menstrual period (obsolescent practice). See: -nheston. -no'ke'na She is staying in a tepee by herself.
-no'ke'est vai. one ear. -no'ke'sta He has (only) one ear. -no'ke'h vai. fly alone. -no'k'ha. He flew by himself. -no'ke'ham vai. have one horse. N-no'ke'hme I have one horse. -no'ke'hnaa'e vai. sit alone eating. -no'ke'hnaa'e. He's sitting eating alone. -no'ke'hohe vai. fly alone, fly solo. -no'ke'hohe He flew by himself. -no'ke'hoohe vai. fly alone quickly. -no'ke'hoohe. He's flying quickly alone. See: -no'ke'h. -no'ke'ts vti. put s.t. by itself. -no'k'tse. He put it by itself. See: -o'ts. -no'k'ts vai. camp alone. for example, not camping with the rest of the group. -no'k'tseo'o. They
are camping by themselves.Variant: -no'ko'ts2.
-no'kemohe vai. run alone. -no'kemohe. He's running alone. fai: -mohe. -no'kena'ev vai. one-armed. -no'kena'va. He has one arm. BodyPartMedial: -na'ev. No'kena'hne na. Lone Kill, One Kills. -no'ken'e vai. sew alone. -no'ken'e. She is sewing by herself. fai: -n'. -no'knome vai. sleep as the only one. -no'knome. He's the only one sleeping. fai: -nome. -no'kenon vai. sing alone. -no'kenne. He's singing alone.
-no'keohe vai. go quickly alone. -no'keohe. He is going quickly alone. ?? See: -no'keohts; -no'kehn. -no'keohts
vai. go alone. -no'kehtse. He came by himself. See: -no'kehn walk along; no'keohe go quickly alone.
no'keome ni. practice lodge (lone tepee at Sun Dance). -no'ke'e vai. stand alone. -no'ke'e. He's standing alone. -no'kst vai. make noise alone; sound alone. -no'ksta. He's the only one making noise. fai: -st. no'kstahe'o p. one handful. -no'kstanove vai. live alone. for example, of someone who lives away from others and seldom comes
to town. -no'kstanove. He lives by himself.
-no'kee
vai. sleep alone, lie alone. for example, when one's spouse is not home. -no'ke He's sleeping alone.
-no'ketan vai. self-centered, selfish, think only of self.Literally: one-feeling. -no'ketno. He thinks
only of himself / is self-centered / wants to be the only one. ?? See: -mano'etan; -non'ketan; vnhkos.
-no'ketan'tov vta. be selfish toward s.o. -no'ketan'tovho He is stingy towards him ?/he is jealous
about him ??
-no'ketantsan
vai. jealous; selfish; stingy. -no'ketantsne. He is jealous/he is stingy. See: vnhkos.
n'ktse na. rat.Variant: n'tse. Pl: n'ketseo'o. Pl: n'ketseho. Obviative: n'ketseho. No'kvshe na. One Horn. See: Ka'vshe. -no'khne vai. bear only one child. -no'khne He/she have born only one child. Final: -ehn. no'kehnohtsstse na. only child. See: na'tomehnhesttse. he-no'kehnhtseto his (or her) only child.
[1987:233]
-no'ke' vai. vii. float alone. -no'k'o. He/It is floating alone. -no'koeme vii. vai. be worth; cost one dollar. See: -hoeme. -no'koeme It is worth (costs) 1. -no'khhtse vai. one set of tracks. -no'khhtse. He left one set of tracks. fai: -ohohts. -no'khomo'he vai. dance alone. -no'khomo'he He danced alone. -no'khtva vai. sell alone. -no'khtva. He's the only one selling. fai: -ohtv. -no'ko'as vii. burn alone, shine alone. for instance, of a single light. -no'ko'se. It's burning alone.
fii: -o'as.
-no'ko'etahe vai. do something alone. -no'ko'etahe. He did something alone. -no'k'ohe vai. grow alone (of a tree). -no'k'ohe. (The tree) grew alone (by itself). -no'ko't vii. sit alone. -no'k'ta. It's there alone. for example, of a lone tepee. -no'ko'tonohe vai. single braided. -no'ko'tonohe. He has a single braid. -no'ko'ts1 vti. place s.t. alone. -no'k'tse. He placed it there by itself. fti: -o'ts. See: -ho'ts. -no'ko'ts2 vai. camp alone. -no'k'tse. He camped by himself.Variant: -no'k'ts. -no'kneehe vai. one strand ropelike. -no'kneehe. There is one strand. of something ropelike and
animate. Medial: n.
-no'konen vai. have one tooth. -no'konne. He has one tooth. -no'knoo'e vai. sit alone. -no'knoo'e. He is sitting by himself. fai: -noo'e. Notes (Phonology) vs -no'kotsehe vai. smoke alone. -no'kotsehe. He's smoking by himself. n'kve p. one group (band, pair, etc.) of. Final: -v. See: no'ka; na'stse; n'nve. -no'kxe'ohe
vii. one o'clock.Literally: (be.)one-written. -no'kxe'ohe. It's 1 o'clock. hehpeno'kxe'ohe. It's after 1 o'clock. hehposta tsh-no'kxe'ohe. It's after 1 o'clock. tshvon'o tsh-no'kxe'ohe at one o'clock in the morning.
-no'o'tov vta. sit holding s.o. N-no'oentse. I'm holding him in my lap. -no'onoto. He held him in
his lap. -no'o't'e. She (obv.) is sitting in his lap. vti: -no'oo'e.
-no'o'tovohe vai. hold in the lap. -no'o'tovohe. She's holding her baby (intransitive verb). Nthno'o'tovhema! Let's go hold the baby! (esp. said about going to hold a newborn baby). See: no'ee'tovohe; -no'o'tov. Final: -vohe.
-no'o'tovhee'e vai. sit holding one's child; babysit. -no'o'tovhee'e. He's sitting holding his child. -no'oem
vta. include s.o. in the count; enroll s.o.; be included (in that area). Vhpoomtanno hno'oeme Tshstno. White River District is included/is a part of the Cheyenne reservation. sa-no'oemhne. It's not counted. vti: -no'oest. See: -vsto't; -hhanehe.
-n'oesan vai. play handgame.Literally: hide. This is a team game of chance where a 'bone' is hidden
behind a player's back and the opponent guesses which hand it is in. -n'oesne. He played handgame. -n'oesanstove. There is a handgame being played. vta: -n'oet; vti: -n'oests.
n'oesannoottse ni. handgame songs. n'oesanesttse

ni. handgame.Pl: n'oesanstottse. The handgame is popular and there is a well developed vocabulary which refers to various aspects of the game: n'oeseo'o 'handgame bone'; no'aneo'o 'blank handgame bone'; hotseo'o 'tally stick'; -amhn 'guess with motions'; shn 'miss with motions'; -shov 'miss with intuitive guess'; -vovhphn 'miss everything with motions'; -nshov 'try to find with intuitive guess'; -veamhn 'guess every time'; -m'oh(n) 'find him (the opposing player)'; -sh(n) 'miss him'; -nsh(n) 'guess against him', etc.
n'oeseo'o na. handgame bone.Pl: n'oeseono. Obviative: n'oeseono. -no'ost vii. included. esp. about including something in the cooking, for example, to put bay leaf in
the stew. -no'ost. It's included (in the stew. See: -no'oest.
-no'oest vti. include s.t. in the count. See: -no'oo'e. N-no'osta. I counted/included it (in there). vta: no'oem. See: -no'ost.
-n'oestomev vta. hide s.t. from s.o. nstsev'-n'oestomevnvo ka'kneho Do not hide it from the
children. (1987:11). vai: -n'oesan.
-n'oests vti. hide s.t. N-n'ostse. I hid it. vta: -n'oet; vai: -n'oesan. See: -snoh. -n'oevaen vti. hide s.t. quickly. N'oevnhtse! Hide it quickly!
vta. hide s.o. quickly. N'oevaeneha! Him him quickly!
-n'oet vta. hide s.o. -n'oetho. He hid him. N'oeeha! Hide him! vai: -n'oesan; vti: -n'oests. See: ahtoeem. Etymology: cf. *kya:0e:wa.
-no'hen vai. bat (in baseball). -no'hne. He's batting. Nvhe tsto'se-no'hnstse? Who's going to
bat (now)? ohkephve-no'hne. He's a good batter. Notes (Phonology) sounds like -no'hon and
might be (??)
no'h'o
ni. bat (baseball). name probably originated from a term for the shinny game. See: Ma'heno'hn'e. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: no'heontse. Pl: no'henstottse.
-no'oh(n) vta. catch s.o. by tool. See: -no'en; -nha'en. -no'hnho He caught him by instrument (tool). -no'homo'he vai. dance with (something). -no'homo'he. He's dancing with something (for example,
a rifle).
vti. h-no'hom'hnse hnhne. He was dancing with a shield. [1987:48] See: -no'ehn.
no'hom'hesttse ni. Final: -ohom'he.something held in hand when dancing (for example, purse,
stick).
-no'ht1 vti. include eat s.t. N-no'hta. I'm going to eat it along with. for example, to eat a pepper
along with the meat one is eating. Hnov'e ts-no'htomtse? What are we going to eat along with (whatever is already known to be eaten)? fti: -ht.
-no'ht2 vti. catch s.t. by mouth. Oekso -no'hta. The dog caught it in his mouth. fti: -ht. -no'htheve vai. vii. include design. oseehe-no'hthvnstse They (inan., for example, moccasins)
have a lot of designs. See: -hohtheve.
no'ht'e p. out of the way; on the outside; away from the edge; away. for example, not near the edge
of a bed. Hk'e mstae=tsa'e=no'ht'e=no'keameehehevhe. They were traveling by themselves away from the others. (1987:264). Antonym: txeha. See: n'se; anse.
-no'htv vai. sell with, include with sale. for example, selling soda pop along with Indian tacos. no'htva. He's selling something along with something else. vti. -no'htvantse. He's selling them (inan.) along with something else. Final: -ohtv.
-n'htsh
vta. go after s.o. from a long distance, come after s.o., fetch s.o. See: -n'otseh. Nn'htsehtse. I have come after you (from a long ways). Nva-n'htsehtse I have come after you. (1987:307). xho'-n'htsheo'o They were summoned from there (FAMILY.TXT). See: n'otsh; -n'otseh; -n'ooh'tov.
-n'hts'tov vta. go; approach; come toward s.o. See: -nhtsht. hnh-n'hts'toevsesto He came
toward them. [JOURNEY.TXT] Final: -ohts.
-no'o'etahe
vai. include; add to in ceremony. hov'he ts-no'o'ethstove something added to a ceremony. [PD1119] Initial: no'-. vta. dream about s.o. N-no''ovxenantse. I dreamed about no''ovxe'tovtse I dreamed about you. [1987:142] vai: -ovxen. See: -no'evhe'tov.
-no''ovxe'tov
him.
N-
-no'o't vii. sit included. for example, to be in the pile with other things. -no''ta. It's included. -no'o'tnoh vti. weave s.t. -no'o'tnha. He wove it. See: -hest'ton. -no'nean
vta. vti. include s.t./s.o. while braiding (or weaving). N-no'nna. I included it (for example, a design) while braiding (or weaving). Medial: -n. (Phonology) vs See: -no'oo'e.
-no'noo'e vti. sit holding s.t. xaehe'ke-no'noo'e heme'ko. He's holding his head in his hand(s). Notes -no'not vta. rope s.o. -no'notho. He roped him. hva nhhe tshetaa'-no'noese any animal that
was roped there (1987:95). See: -nha'not; -nha'en.
-n'ooh't vti. fetch s.t., go after s.t. Ntao'se-n'ooh'ta I'm gonna go get it (for example, I need it). -n'ooh'tov vta. fetch s.o. quickly; go after s.o. quickly. This is a more urgent action than -n'otseh.
N-n'ooh'tovtse. I came after you (for example, with my car). ohkee-n'ooh'theo'o. (The Indian doctors) were fetched. [1987:212] Nto'sho'-n'ooh'tne. I have a ride (that is, someone is going to come get me). Nh-n'ooh'tovstse! Come pick me up! See: -n'otseh; -ho'eotseh; nhto'hots'tov; -noo'h'tov.
n'ooh'tov vta. come after s.o. -n'ooh'tovho. He came after him. For example, to give s.o. a ride. -no'oo'e vti. sit holding s.t., hold s.t. sitting. esp. refers to holding something in the lap. -no'oo'e. He's
holding it while sitting. N-no'oentse. I'm holding them (inan.). Khamaxstse mhno'oehentse. He had sticks along with him. (1987:246). vta: -no'o'tov. See: -no'noo'e; -ho'oo'e.
-no'oo'kho vii. accompany rain. -no'oo'kho. It occurred along with rain. fii: -oo'koh. -no'ovo'he vai. drink while eating. for example, drink while eating a roll. See: -mane; -novo'. Nno'ovo'he. I drank while eating (something).
n'se p. next to the wall. for example, where person sleeps next to wall in a two-person bed; esp.
referred to position next to wall in tepee.Variant: n'sma. N'se ne. I lay next to the wall (that is, not in the edge of bed position). See: no'ht'e; ho'x'e; h'se.
-no'sem vta. include s.o. while telling. Hhta'heo'o nxhsemeha v'ho'e ts'hke-no'semse. Tell me a
story in which the ve'ho'e is included. See: -hsem.
n'sma p. next to the wall.Variant: n'se. See: no'ht'e. -n'otseh vta. fetch; go after; come after s.o. Less urgent action than -n'ooh'tov. -n'otshho. He
fetched him. N-n'otsehtse. I came to get you. Nh-n'oteha! Go get him! oha nvamhen'otshatsemeno we just came after you (pl) (1987:59). vti: -n'otsests. See: -n'ooh'tov; n'htsh; -ho'eotseh.
-no'otsehe
vai. smoke along with something else. -no'otsehe. He smoked something along with
tobacco.
no'otsstottse ni. pipe smoke mixtures; crawling plant ?? (sumac?). This plant is shaped like leaves;
the leaves are mixed with tobacco for smoking. See: no'aneontse.
-n'otsests
vti. fetch s.t.go after s.t. -n'otsstse. He came after it. Nta-n'otsstsnonstse hoxothtottse! Let's go get our commodities! vta: -n'otseh.
-no'ov'eotse vta. put a blanket around as when courting; conceal under a blanket. -no'ov'eotse. She
covered something up underneath a blanket. See: -nhooman.
-no'ov'eots'tov
vta. put a blanket around s.o. as courting. -no'ov'eotsnoto. He put a blanket around her to show that she will be his wife. See: -nhooman. DO.
-n'ovneanen vai. straight (in cards). -n'ovneanne. He has a straight in cards.Literally: single.filen'ovneepv. single file; in a row; in a line. -n'ovneethoeo'o. They rode single file. stan'ovneehmstoeots'toesesto. They sat down in a row beside him. See: VISION.TXT.
-n'ovneeh vii. lie lined up. -n'ovneehnstse. They (inan.) are lying lined up. vai: -n'ovnee. -n'ovneeohts vai. go single file. -n'ovneeohtseo'o. They walked single file. -n'ovnee'e vai. stand single file, stand in a straight line. N'ovnee'e! Get in line (single file)!
(said to more than one person). See: -n'ovneoo'e sit in line; -amnee'e stand in line. Notes (Phonology) vs Final: -.
-n'ovneee vai. lie lined up, lie side by side. -n'ovneene. They are lying side by side. vii: n'ovneeh.
-n'ovne'nxe'stne
straight flush.
vai. have a straight flush (in cards). N-n'ovne'nxe'stne. I have a
-n'ovneo't vii. lined up in a row. -n'ovneo'tnstse. They (for example, chairs) are lined up in a
row. (for example, where they are stored).
-n'ovneoo'e vai. sit in a row. only used with plural subjects. Notes (Phonology) vs -n'ovneoeo'o.
They sat in a row. Nhe'e ts't=ksovaheho statee'-no'ovneosesto. Then these young men sat up (in the tree) one right after the other. [1987:308] ekseho h-no'ovneohoono. The dogs sat in a row. [JOURNEY.TXT] fai: -oe. See: -n'ovnee'e stand in line; -amneeoo'e sit in line.
-no'xe'stn vai. include in writing. -no'xe'stne He included (it) as he wrote. Initial: no'-. See: mxe'stn.
n'tom- i. first. See: vove-. Etymology: cf. M nae:'tam. -n'tomhsen vai. strike the first coup. there was special honor to being the first one to strike coup
on an enemy. N-n'tomhsne I struck the first coup.
n'tomehnohtsstse na. first child; oldest child. Etymology: cf. M nae:'tamu:hsyan. nm- i. go with the wind. See: Nmehtse. Etymology: cf. na:mohnatam (TI). -nm mbp. thigh. -nenmhtse He has pain in the thighs. -hesenmaotse He has cramps in his
whole leg/thigh. -penmxe He fell on his thigh. Possessive: -htsnme; Initial: hnme.
nomhsto'e p. south. Oblique: nomhst'e. See: hnsvne; svne. -nomht i. steal. -nomht'e. He stole from a garden. -nomhtse'hna. He stole something to eat.
vai: -nomhts.
-nomhto'
vai. steal from garden. See: -nomhtos. -nomht'e. He stole from a garden. nomhto'eo'o. They stole from the garden.Literally: steal-land.
-nomhto'ham vai. steal horses. -nomhto'hme. He stole horses. -nomhtos vai. steal a touch. -nomhtse He stole a touch. Usage: vulgar; humorous; some speakers
enjoy confusing this word with -nomhto'.Literally: steal-by.finger. refers to what tepee creepers used to do; i.e. sneak a good touch of a woman while she is asleep, reaching from the outside under a tepee (probably esp. refers to touching a woman's genitals this way). BodyPartMedial: -os.
-nomhts
1 vai. steal (s.t.). -nomhtse. He stole (it). -nomhtseo'o They stole. Etymology: cf.
*kemo:twa.
vti. -nomhtsentse He stole them (inan.). vta: -nomhts'tov. 2 vti. figurative, break the speed limit.
-nomhtseh
vta. steal s.t. from s.o. -nomhtshho. He stole (something) from him. M'ahtse'nomhtshohhe. She must have stolen (the gun) from him (a soldier). [1987:59] Nnomhtshaa'e. He stole it from me. N-nomhtshaenoto mo'hno'hme. He stole a horse from
me.
-nomhtse'han vai. steal (s.t.) to eat. -nomhtse'hna. He stole something to eat. Final: -e'han. nomhts'h'o na. 1 thief.
2 Thief; Stealer. name of an important nsemoo'o (familiar spirit); he could help his "owner"
retrieve lost horses.
-nomhtse'heneve vai. be a thief. -nomhtse'heneve He is a thief. -nomhts'tov vta. steal s.o. -nomhtsenoto. He stole him. (for example, a horse). See: -nomhtseh. Noma''e na. North Facing Woman. See: Notam'e. nma'he
na. fish (a single fish).Variant: nma'ne. Notes (Phonology) AlternatePlural: noma'no; Obviative: nom'ne. Etymology: *name:'sa. iahPl: nom'ne.
Nma'he hma'aestse na. Red Fish.Variant: Nom'heohma'aestse. -nom'henehe vai. taste of fish. -nom'henehe He tastes fishy. -nom'heno'e vii. taste of fish. -nom'heno'e It tastes fishy. -nom'hema'xe vai. fish smell, woman smell after sex. This word is used to refer to the smell a
woman has after sex. This word should not be said in mixed company. Final: -ma'xe.
Nom'hemn'e na. Fish Trail Woman. Nom'heohma'aestse vai. Red Fish.Variant: Nm'he hma'aestse. Nom'heo'h'e ni. Fish River, Kingfisher, Oklahoma. This was the Cheyenne name for a tributary of
the Cimmeron north of Darlington, Oklahoma. It is known today as Kingfisher Creek.
Noma'hkso
na. Minnow. Usage: said to be incorrectly translated into English as family name Fisher.Literally: little fish.
nom'hkso na. minnow. -nom'heve vai. be a fish. -nom'heve. He is a fish. Etymology: *name:'siiwiwa. -nom'hohkeve vai. ?? Nvho'h-nom'hohkeve. I've just come to eat (??). done at a wedding meal
when not related to either side; this is consider O.K. to do in the culture. Usage: obsolescent. See: -onenov.
noma'kso na. little fish.Pl: noma'ksono. Non-diminutive: nma'ne. noma'ksono ts'hkevhovse vai. fish tank. Usage: neologism.Literally: where the little fish swim
around. vai: -vhoo'e.
-nom'kotseve vii. sticky. -nom'kotseve. It's sticky. Nma'ne na. Fish. nma'ne
na. 1 fish (one). Usage: probably more commonly used than nma'he. Notes (Phonology) iahVariant: nma'he. Pl: nom'ne. Obviative: nom'ne; Diminutive: noma'kso. 2 Fish. vai. Eskimos.Literally: fish eaters. Variant: other names Hesta'svo'staneo'o (lit. snow-persons) and Ma'omtaneo'o (lit. ice- people).
Nom'nhmvose
for
Eskimos
are
-noma'ov vta. give the hex sign to s.o. See: -non'homa'ov. nstsev'-noma'vo Don't give the hex sign
to him! -noma'esesto He hex-motioned (attrib.) to him.
-nmehn vai. go north. See: -nomen; notama; -nmeohts. -nmhne He went north. -nom'ot vta. follow tracks of s.o. See: -m'ov. -nom'otho. He followed his tracks. See: -nhe'ov.
-nmem'ehn
na. appear from the north. -nmem'hne. He's appearing from the north. See: Nmehtse; notma.
Nmem'hne na. Appears From the North.Variant: Nmem'hnstse. See: Nmehtse; notma. Nmem'hnstse na. Appears From the North.Variant: Nmem'hne. See: Nmehtse; notma. -nomen vai. vti. sip, drink (heated liquid). The heated liquid is usually coffee, tea, or soup. -nomne.
He's drinking (it). Mnstse-nomne? Will you drink (typically, some coffee)? See: -mane; nmhne; -nosan.
-nomenee'e vai. sit drinking (something hot). -nomenee'e. He's sitting drinking (something hot, for
example, coffee).
-nomen'e vai. drink while standing. N-nomen'e I'm standing drinking. Notes (Phonology) vs -nomenotse vai. drink (heated liquid). See: -nomen; -manotse. -nomenotse He drank. nomenvetohko
ni. drinking cup (for heated liquids), bowl. See: hetohko; manvetohko; toeneko; hemanvetohko.
-nmeohts vai. go with the wind. See: notma. -nmehtse. He went along with the wind. Nmehtse na. Going With the Wind; North Walker. See: Nmem'hne. -nmeohtst vii. go north. hvhno tat'ne-nmeohtsto (the car) barely made it up the north slope
(1980:19:28).
-nmevo'eh vii. fall down and roll. -nmevo'ha. It fell and rolled. ne'ema'xe-nmevo'hnse hne
homa. (nmevo'h??) He (buffalo) charged at that robe (here, inan.) knocking it way over.
(1987:312).
-nmevo'h vii. charge at s.t. so it falls over; knock over s.t. ?? ne'ema'xe-nmevo'hnse hne homa.
He (buffalo) charged at that robe (here, inan.) knocking it way over. (1987:312). See: nmevo'eh.
nmheto p. Let's go! a functional command.Variant: nheto. nm'ke p. Let's go! Synonym: nmheto, nmonh'e. Usage: sometimes humorous. nomon- i. drowsy. N-nomono'enhotse I became drowsy from eating. -nomona'haso'he vai. fall asleep riding horse. -nomona'haso'he. He fell asleep riding horse. -nomona'xan vai. go to sleep crying. nomonei. drowsy, sleepy. -nomoneotse. He got sleepy. N-nomonevo'e'oo'e. It (for example, medicine) made me sleepy. See: -nome sleep.
-nomonna vai. fall asleep hungry. -nomonna. He fell asleep although hungry. nmonh'e p. Let's go!, All right, let's go ahead and do it!, All right, go ahead and do it! a functional
command. See: nheto; nmheto; mnh'e; nh'e; nm'ke.Variant: noh'e; nonh'e.
-nomone'hahe vai. drowsy voice. N-nomone'hahe. I have a drowsy voice. for example, upon waking
up. fai: -e'hahe.
-nomone'han vai. fall asleep while eating. -nomone'hna. He fell asleep while eating. Initial: nomon; Final: -e'han.
-nomone'hanaa'e vai. fall asleep eating sitting. -nomone'hanaa'e. He's eating half asleep. -nomone'hanotse
vai. fall sleep eating. -nomone'hanotse. He fell asleep while eating. See: nomono'enhotse.
-nomonn vai. look sleepy, look drowsy. N-nomonne. I look sleepy.Literally: drowsy-face. -nomoneotse vai. become drowsy. -nomoneotse. He became drowsy. -nomoneov vta. put s.o. to sleep.Literally: cause s.o. to become drowsy. for example, by singing to him.
-nomoneovho. He put him to sleep.
-nomonee vai. fall asleep lying. -nomone. He fell asleep lying down. -nomonem vta. put s.o. to sleep. -nomonemho. He put him to sleep.
-nomonetan vai. feel drowsy. -nomonetno. He feels drowsy. -nomonvhtomo'he vai. drowsy from listening. for example, from listening to a boring speech. nomonvhtomo'he. He is drowsy from listening.
-nomonvam vta. make s.o. drowsy by talking. An adult would often tell stories to children at bedtime
to help them fall asleep. Nke'ehe n'ohke-nomonvama My grandmother would make me drowsy (from story-telling).
-nomonvaotse vai. vii. sound drowsy ?? -nomonvaotse It (or he) sounds drowsy ?? -nomonevo'e'ov
sleepy.
vta. make s.o. drowsy. N-nomonevo'e'oo'e. It (for example, medicine) made me
nomone-vhe na. sleepy morningstar. can be an expression for someone (for example, sluggard) who
got caught sleeping when the morningstar came up. See: vhe.
-nomonostn vai. drowsy from reading. -nomonstne He got drowsy from reading. See: -hostne. -nomono'enohe vai. drowsy after eating. -nomono'enohe. He felt sleepy after eating. Final: -o'enohe.
See: -n'so'enohe; -hestomo'enohe; -nomon'hna.
-nomono'enhotse
eating.
vai. Final: -otse.drowsy after eating. -nomono'enhotse. He is drowsy after
-nomonoo'e vai. sit drowsy, fall asleep sitting. -nomonoo'e. He fell asleep sitting. Final: -oe. Notes
(Phonology) vs
nmse p. a long time. Nmse tsxhetovse nhno 'hkev'hoomhoono vhkooheho. For a long time
while they sat there he kept looking at the rabbit. (Croft 1988:23-24:15). Nmse tshevvse. It took them a long time (1987:261). Nmse x-htsenothooono. For a long time he failed to persuade him. (1980:44:92). See: a'ene-; m'stse; novse; he'xvva.
-non mbp. ankle. ne-nonhtse his ankle hurts. Nnmo-nonotse I twisted my ankle. -nonestoe vai. out of order sit. only of plural subjects; would be used, for example if people are not
sitting in their assigned seats. -nonestoeo'o. They are not sitting in order. Non-reduplicated: naestoe.
-nonaekhtohtse vai. legs become numb. M'e'ahtse'-nonaekhtaotshhe. His legs had already
become numb. [1987:286] Non-reduplicated: -naekhtohts. Notes (Phonology) redup
-nonhahe vai. hustler; go-getter; handyman. -nonhahe. He is a go-getter. -nonhahkahe vai. quick in movements. -nonhahkahe. He's quick in movements. Non-reduplicated: nhahkahe. Notes (Phonology) redup
nonhxe- pv. maybe, might. -nonhxeamehtse. Maybe he walked. Tse-nonhxepe'pe'eotse. There

might be trouble. (1987:27).
Contracted: onhxe-; vta: -nonhxe'tov.Variant: nonxe-. See: nnxeto.
-nonhxe'tov -nonhxem
vta. try something on s.o. For example, to try some medicine on s.o. to heal them. nonhxe'tovho. He tried something on him. Preverb: nonhxe-. vta. make excuses to s.o. -nonhxemho. He's making excuses to him. Naa h'emheeest'stse m'hketne-nonhxemhevhe. And every time he spoke to him about it he would make an excuse. (Stamper 1991:2). vai: -nonhxetan.
-nonhxstnan vai. clever, creative builder. -nonhxstnne. He is a creative builder. -nonhxetan vai. get out of; make an excuse. Nsatne-nonhxetanhe. You have no way to get
out of it (1987:175).Variant: -nonxetan. vta: -nonhxem.
-nonhe-tshes
vii. more than one way to fix things. tshhe mave'ho'no hne mto ta'se tanonhetshso here in Lame Deer that too it also comes to pass (1987:144).
-nonh'an vai. make excuses. -nonh'ne. He is making excuses. fai: -'an. See: -nonxetan. -nonho'etahe vai. do something an alternative way. -nonho'etahe. He did something some other
way.
-non'so'em vta. tease s.o., joke s.o. ?? -non'so'eemo. He is a teaser ?? Non-reduplicated: -n'so'em.
-non'so'emetahe -non'so'ests
vai. tease; joke. n'so'emetahe.
-non'so'emetahe.
He is a teaser. Non-reduplicated: -
vti. waste s.t. for example, to waste money. -non'so'estse. He wasted it. Nonreduplicated: -n'so'ests; vta: -n'so'eh.
-non'tsetanotse vai. faint. staomevhtse-non'tsetanotshoo'o. She was frightened and almost

fainted. Non-reduplicated: -n'tsetanotse. Notes (Phonology) redup
nonme'to'- pv. i. by turns. See: nonm't'e. me'nonme'to'-mhothtseo'o ?? They ought to love each
other (PD590). Notes (Phonology) contracts to onme'to'-
nonm't'e p. one by one, by turns, for each other; Nonm't'e nthotse'hema! Let's take turns
working! See: m't'e.
-nonme'to'evahe
vai. alternate in feeling; exchange moods. -nonme'to'evheo'o. They switched/they alternated feelings/they exchanged moods (for example, when twins alternate moods, as when one is crying and the other laughing then they switch). vai. exchange seat with (someone). -onme'to'evhmstoo'e. ?? He exchanged seat (with someone). Nta-onme'to'evhmstoema! Let's exchange seats! Notes (Phonology) contraction; vs
-nonme'to'evhmstoo'e
-nonme'to'voem vta. switch with s.o. See: -hoo'e. Nta-nonme'to'voema Let's switch around (for
example, where we are sitting).
-nonme'to'evostomo'he -nonamhov
vai. exchange moods. -onme'to'evostom'heo'o. They exchanged moods. Notes (Phonology) contraction vta. feign hitting s.o. can be out of meanness. -nonamhovho. He made hitting motions toward him.
nonoht- i. deliberate. -nonohtahe vai. deliberate. -nonohtahe. He takes his time. See: -pop'ahe. -nonohtanen vai. take one's time, do things slowly. ohke-nonohtanne. He does things slowly. -nonoht'an vai. say deliberately. -nonoht'ne. He pronounced slowly and carefully. fai: -'an.
See: -momx... ??.
-nonohto'ha'ehn
vai. Medial: -o'ha'e.walk deliberately; slowly. nsta-nonohto'ha'hnmne Let's just take a good old time walking! vai. walk deliberately. -nonohto'ha'ehtse He walked slowly/he is a slow
-nonohto'ha'eohts
walker ??
-nonohtnov vai. speak deliberately. See: -nonoht'an. -nonohtnva ?[ He spoke slowly and
carefully.
nonose- pv. carefully, deliberately. See: oo'hae. -nonosestse. He speaks slowly and carefully. nonosepnhemna. She took her time pounding chokeberries.
-nonosenmaa'e vai. sit with relaxed thighs. -nonosenmaa'e. He's sitting with relaxed thighs. -nonosenonxe vai. lie with knees up. -nonosenonxe. He's lying with his knees up. nonoseonxe vai. lie with relaxed; lie comfortably. xaehe'ke-nonoseonxe. He's lying relaxed (for
example, with one leg over the other).
nonxe-nonxem
[1987:155]Variant:
pv. might. me'vatne-nonxem'eotse. I wish that somehow he would be found. nonhxe-. See: nnxeto.
vta. make excuses to s.o. -nonxemho. He made excuses to him. See: -nonhxem; nonxan.
nnxemth'o p. luckily! expression used when something lucky is happening. See: nnxeto. -nonxetan vai. thinking of excuses how to get out of something, look anywhere for a job; get out of
work. See: -nonh'an; -'tstan.Variant: -nonhxetan. tshne=ta'se=e-nonxetnhtse whoever tried really hard (1987:96). -nonxetno. He's looking anywhere for a job, doing anything to bring in money; or (depending on the context), he's trying to get out of doing something that he doesn't want to do.
nnxeto p. luckily; just in time. can be used when you're telling about s.t. and s.t. comes along which
was by luck. See: nnxemth'o; vtsno; onxe-.
-nonxomahe vai. tame. -nonxomahe. He (for example, a horse) is tame. See: -nontse'omahe. -non fai. sing. as-nne. He started to sing. Nne-nonme. We (the two of us) are singing together.
thpe'e-nne. He sang loudly. thpe-nne. He is playing a flute. -ho'nhnne. He sang a wolf song. 'hkeno'm'sta tshee-nonvse. He would also tell what they were singing about. (STORIES.TXT). fii: -nont. See: -nmen; -e'hahe. Etymology: *-na:(k) sing; F
po:nina:ke:wa.
-non'n vai. have a streaked; dirty face. -non'ne He has a streaked face. non'k- i. smeared; streaked. non'ke- pv. dirty. 'hkenon'kenohhoo'o He was dirty (in appearance). -non'khan vai. tear stains around the eyes. -non'khane. He has tear stains around his eyes.
BodyPartMedial: -han.
-non'ke'honon vai. have streaked; dirty popliteals. Nstsenon'ke'hnna. "You'll be dirty back of
your knees.". When short skirts came into style, Cheyenne women would tease each other saying this. The dirtiness could be from dust or dirt. The word refers to being streaked as with a dirty streaked face; the connotation could even be (or especially was) of being streaked with urine. Medial: -'honon.
-non'kne vai. smeared face, streaked face. -non'kne. He has a streaked face.Variant: -non'kn. -non'ko vii. be smeared; streaked. -non'ko It is smeared (for example, the floor being smeared from
dust or dirt).
-non'oton vai. have smeared eyes (or face). -non'otone He has a smeared face (or perhaps dustsmeared eyes).
-nonthvahe vai. be different. not used in sg. -nonthvheo'o. They are different. Contracted: onthvahe; Non-reduplicated: -nthvahe. Notes (Phonology) contracted from -nonthvahe ?
nonthve- pv. different. ts-nonthvstsavo'o'ee'stse different types of flowers. Notes (Phonology)

often contracted to onthve- Contracted: onthve-; Non-reduplicated: nethve-.
nontse'om- i. tame. -nontse'omahe vai. tame; gentle. esp. of animals but also may be of humans. -nontse'omahe. He is
tame. [PD: gentle, meek, peaceful, mild] See: -nonxomahe.
nontse'ome- pv. tame. See: ovna'xae-. tsh-nontse'omemanhtan'tvse netao'o xamaevo'stanho

They wanted to tame all the Indians (1987:50).
-nontse'omee vai. lie calm. -nontse'ome. He's lying calm. -nontse'ometan vai. want to be tame; peaceful. See: -nontse'omahe. msta-nontse'ometanhevhe
They did put up a fight (1987:54).
-nontse'omev
vta. tame s.o. -nontse'omevho He tamed him. Non-reduplicated: -ntse'ov. Notes (Phonology) redup
Nonxa'vhom'hesttse ni. Pairs Dance. this dance is probably no longer extant. -non vii. be shaky. -nno. It is shaky. See: -h'toveotse; -nonoma'xe. nnhpa
p. so that, in order that. Ohkeehmanxevenstse m'hkevometo nnhpa nstanheephvhevxah'tovtse. Always give me a drink whenever you see me so that way you will be my good son-in-law. (1987:175). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: nhpa-. See: h-; hse-; komhe. vai. fall backwards on nape and head bounce ?? -nonhphane'e. He fell backwards on his nape and his head bounced.
-nonhphane'e
-nonhpa'h vii. shake from wind. -nonhp'ha. It's shaking from the wind. -nonhpehtt vii. have shaky legs. -nonhpehtto It has shaky (or weak) legs (for example, table).
-nonhtseva'sen vai. search by chewing. for example, trying to find a pebble in a mouthful of beans.
-nonhtseva'sne. He searched by chewing. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: nhtseva'sen ??, cf. -nhts'sevn ??. See: -nsevan.
-nonhtsevan vti. feel around for s.t. in the dark, search by feeling. -nonhtsvna. He felt around for
it in the dark. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -nhtsvan. See: -nhsts'sevanen; nhtse'ov; -nsa'ov.
-nonhtsevanen vai. search by feeling. -nonhtsvnne. He searched by feeling. Notes (Phonology)

redup Non-reduplicated: -nhtsvanen; vti: -nonhtsevan. See: -nhsts'sevanen; -nhtse'ov; nsa'ov.
-non'a'hasen vii. sleet; rain and snow mixed. Nhe'e xhe'ke-non'a'hasne. Then it turned to rain
and snow mixed.
-non'atamahe vai. be paraplegic; handicapped. esp. of someone unable to walk, can be confined to a
wheelchair. See: -ono'tamaahe. -non'atamahe He is a paraplegic.
-nno'e
fii. appear, look. hxe'e-nno'e It looks clean. t'nheenno'e It looks exactly like . momheme-nno'e It (appears) is desireable. saxaephve-nono'hane It just doesn't look good (1987:212). honse-nno'e It (for example, deserted camp) looks lonely. oseehvsvenno'e It looks very bad. (1987:290). xhoxo'htsve-nno'neho It looked green (surp.) (Stamper 1991:6). See: -nohe. (Phonology) redup
-non'est vai. sass, talk back, protest. -non'sta He talked back. Non-reduplicated: -no'est. Notes -non'stooh'tov vta. sass; talk back; retort to s.o. probably even stronger than -non'stov. Nhtanon'stooh'tovo I retorted to him (1987:30).
-non'stov
vta. sass s.o., talk back to s.o., retort to s.o. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: no'stov. considered culturally improper. -non'stovho. He talked back to/sassed him. non'stvhtseo'o. They are talking back to each other. Final: -ohov. Usage: probably not as good Cheyenne as -hesthov. See: -hesthov.
-non'hesthov vta. wave at s.o. to come over. -non'hesthovho. He waved at him to come over. -nono'hev'an (-nono'h??) speak off topic. -nono'hev'ne. He spoke off the topic. fai: -'an.
See: no'h-.
-non'homahe vai. be weak from old age. See: -non'homhtahe; -na'he. -non'homahe He is weak
from old age.
-non'homhtahe vai. be weak from old age. -non'homhtahe He is weak from old age. non'homa'e p. one-by-one; repeating. See: non'hn'e; nonna'stse. -non'homa'ov vta. flip the hex sign to s.o. -non'homa'ovho He flipped the hex sign to him. done
with finger motion; a quick flip outward of all fingers of wrist-down hand toward another person; this is a terrible thing for an Indian to do. See: -noma'ov. nstsev'-non'homa'vo vo'stane Don't give the hex sign to someone!
non'hn'e
p. step by step; bit by bit; gradually; little by little. See: non'homa'e; hovhno. Non'hn'e stshe'amovaotsnse hne. Little by little that stuff rose up. (Croft 1988:18).
non'hono'e nma''evetovto vii. spiral. non'hovhto'tantse ni. beaded breastplate. See: ho'ota. non'hovsepv. step by step ?? mhne'va-non'hovsetshe'hehevhe htshhe They left in different groups from time to time to come here. [1987:29] See: non'hn'e.
nno'ka p. one time after another. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: no'ka. -non'ka'hotse -non'ka'e
vai. scatter running. See: -he'nvo'hotse. -non'ka'hotseo'o They scattered running (for example, like chicks when scared). vii. one dollar bills. not used in sg. -non'ka'nstse They (inan.) are 1 bills. Nonreduplicated: -n'ka'e. Notes (Phonology) redup; iah
-non'ka'hahts vti. throw out s.t. one at a time. -non'ka'hhtse. He's throwing it out one thing at a
time.
-non'ka'ov vta. scatter s.o. probably used only with plural objects. gives the idea of being afraid of
the one who is scattering; also seems to invite the idea of the one scattering running here and there to different groups of people and they scatter, as if it is a game. -non'ka'ovho He scattered them. Notes (Phonology) redup
-non'kne vai. smeared face, streaked face. -non'kne. He has a streaked face.Variant: -non'kn. -non'kee vai. lie separated. -non'kne. They are lying separated. fai: -ee. -non'kem
vta. separate s.o. by laying. Tothoesta xhee-non'kemhoono hevoestoto. In every direction she scattered her clothes. (Croft 1988:29:11). fai: -ee. See: -he'nva'ov. vai. be selfish; self-centered. -non'ketno He is self-minded/he is selfish. sanon'ketanhtovhane there isn't being by one's self/there isn't leaving out others ?? Nonreduplicated: -no'ketan. Notes (Phonology) redup (RECK o'nstse??) man sage grows as single stems. Notes (Phonology) redup
-non'ketan
-non'ko''e vii. grow as single stem. not used with sg. subjects. -non'ko''nstse hetanvn'stse nonom- i. quiver; shake. nonma'e na. thunder, thunder god, battery. In Cheyenne cosmology thunder has been personified and
considered a sacred power. It is possible that some people have translated the name of this power as 'thunderbird', as it has been written in some anthropological works on Cheyennes. nonma'e amhtohe the thunder came through (thundering). nonma'e nstoohe Thunder is hollering (cf. also nstoohe ma'heo'o 'God is hollering' (this is what some people used to say during thunder; there was fear of the thunder). ma'xepnenne nonma'e. The lightning made a loud cracking sound. nonma'e naeotse the battery went dead. Etymology: cf. *nenemexkiwa 'thunderbird'. Notes (Phonology) iah See: Nemevota; ma'heono; nma'he; -ho'tseotse.
nonma'e ho'stho'seo'o ni. breaker box. Usage: neologism. nonma'hev'xetoo'o ni. electric frying pan. Usage: neologism. See: hev'xetoo'o. nonoma'ho'sta ni. electric stove. nonoma'ho'stmahpe ni. battery water. nonoma'ho'ota ni. electricity. See: ho'ota2; nonma'e. Usage: neologism. Nonoma'voo'xnhe na. Thunder Crooked Nose. -nonoma'h vii. shake; quiver. -nonom'ha It shook. vai: -nonoma'xe. nonm'kso ni. small battery. Nonma'htsvhnstse vai. Thunder Walks About. Nonma'htsv'hhtse vai. Thunder Flies About. -nonoma'xe
vai. shake, quiver. -nonoma'xe. He's shaking. Nnephve-nonoma'xe. I got really nervous; I was really shaking. vii: -nonoma'ha. -nonomepnenne. He was shaky while shooting.
nonome- pv. shaky, quivery. -nonomeestse. She (for example, an old lady) spoke with a shaky voice. -nonomee'e vai. shiver sitting; sit shivering. -nonomee'e. ?? He is sitting shivering. ?? [pd962] -nonome'hahe
vai. have a shaky voice. -nonome'hahe. He has a shaky voice. for example, from being scared. fai: -e'hahe.
-nonomeohts vai. go in a shaky way. -nonomehtse He shakes as he's going. ?? [PD38] -nonomee vai. lie quivering, lie shaking. -nonome. He's lying quivering/shaking. -nonomon vai. have a shaky rump; be a pacer horse. -nonomna He has a shaky (or quivering)
rump/he is a pacer horse. ts-nonomntse pacing horse (lit. one whose rump quivers, i.e. moves from side to side ?).
-nonom'e'hahe vai. have a quivering voice. -nonom'e'hahe He has a warbly/quavering voice (can
be pretty in singing).
-nonomo't
vii. quiver, shake. -nonom'ta. It is quivering. ts-nonom'ta jello (lit. that which quivers).Literally: quiver-be.at.
-nonomose vai. shiver from the cold. -nonomose. He is shivering from the cold. Final: -ose. nonna'stse p. each one. See: non'homa'e. Non-reduplicated: na'stse. Notes (Phonology) redup -nonn vai. fish (with hook and line), trap, snare. -nonne. He's fishing. See: -on'hen; nonn'e.
Etymology: cf. nakwa:kani a kind of trap (Pe79:333).
-nonnee'e vai. sit fishing, fish sitting. -nonnee'e. He sat fishing. [1987:282] Notes (Phonology) vs -nonn'e vai. stand fishing, fish standing. -nonn'e. He's standing fishing. -nonne vai. lie fishing, fish lying. -nonne. He's lying there fishing. nonnev'ho'e na. fisherman. See: -nonn. nonno'ka
p. once in awhile. Nonno'ka ohkemane. He drinks once in awhile. Naa nonno'ka nhtaohke=tsh=pno'e=tshe'htsme na'nhto taevhene noneo'o ts'vhvse nnno ohkhestohe. And from time to time we used to go downriver eight miles where Rees lived, Ree District, it is called. [1987:190] Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: no'ka.
nonn'e ni. rainbow; fishhook; fishing line; fishing pole; trap; snare. he-nonn'e his fishing pole
(1987:281).Pl: nonn'stse. Oblique: nonn'va. See: -nont trap s.o.; -nonn fish; xeetoo''has'o fishhook. Etymology: cf. O nagweyaab rainbow (N); cf. O nagwaagan snare (N); cf. nakwa:kani a kind of trap (Pe79:333).
-nonoseonxe vai. lie relaxed ?? hnse-nonoseonxe. He's lying on his back in a relaxed position,
like in a recliner chair.
-nont vta. trap; snare s.o. -nonoto. He trapped him.Variant: -nontho. (younger speakers). Etymology:
cf. O nagwaan- (N). See: -nha'not. N-nontoo'o hhkeeheho. I'm setting a mouse trap/I'm catching mice.
nontov- i. hurry; fast; quick; nervous. -nontovahe vai. hyper, constantly moving; can't sit still, drunk. -nontovahe. He can't sit still. tsnontovhese hstanheo'o alcoholics (lit. people who are 'drunk'). Contracted: ontovahe.Variant: -nentovahe. Antonym: -nvahe. See: -vsetan; -ontovanen; -nontove'e.
-nontovhtohe vai. holler fast. 'hkema'xe-nontovhtoohhoo'o. (The frog) was really croaking
fast. (1987:285). fai: -ahtohe.
-nontova'no'ham vai. drive livestock fast, drive fast. -nontova'no'hme. He drove horses fast /
he drove fast.
-nontovanne vai. hurry up. Nontovannstse! Hurry up! Contracted: -ontovanen. See: -vsetan. -nontovs'ham vta. get s.o. drunk. Nta(n)ontovs'hamone Let's get him/her drunk! (Some men
say this about women they want to rape.).
-nontove'e vai. drunk.Literally: rush (or nervous)-drink. -nontove'e. He is drunk. Contracted: ontove'e. See: -nontovahe. fai: -ase'e.
nontove-
p. hurriedly. Nontovhmanxeha 'tve! Hurry, give a drink to your brother-in-law! hnhma'xevaase-nontovho'htsesstse. He hurried home (attrib.). [1987:284]Variant: nentove-.
[1987:173]
-nontovan vai. be very hungry. -nontovna He is very hungry.Literally: going crazy with hunger
(nervously-hungry?). Final: -an. See: -hna; -nontove'han.
-nontoveehe vai. move in a hurry. -nontoveehe. He's moving in a hurry. Assimilated: -ontoveehe. -nontovee'e vai. grow fast. Notes (Phonology) vs -nontovee'e. He is a lively baby. ?? See: -nhee'e. -nontove'han vai. eat quickly. -nontove'hna. He ate hurriedly. Nontove'hntse! Hurry and eat!
(1987:254). Antonym: -nve'han.
-nontovem vta. make s.o. nervous. -nontovemho He made him nervous. -nontovnome
vai. have a bad dream. -nontovnome. He had a bad dream. fai: -nome. See: hhphnome.
-nontoveohts vai. walk fast. -nontovehtse He walked fast. v'h'e ohke-nontoveohtseo'o whites
walk fast.
-nontovstsea'e vai. hyper. -nontovstsea'e He's hyper.Variant: -onvstsea'e. BodyPartMedial: -hts. -nontovetan vai. be nervous; be in a rush. -nontovetno. He is nervous/he is in a rush. refers to
mental state.
-nontovvam
vta. hurry s.o. (through speaking). -nontovvamo (var. of younger speakers: nontovvmho) He hurried him (by speaking; for example, persuaded him to hurry).
-nontov'an vai. pronounce fast. -nontov'ne. He pronounces fast. fai: -'an. See: -nev'an. -nontovo'etahe
vai. do something hurriedly, hurriedly do something. -nontovo'etahe. He did something hurriedly.
-nontovnov vai. talk fast. -nontovnva. He talks fast. Contracted: -ontovnov. See: -hnov. -nontovonohe vai. look around for a drink. taohkevse=ta'se=nontovonoheo'o. They, like, look
around for a drink (of liquor).
nonve- pv. for a short while.Variant: nenve-. nonve'xvva p. shortly, a little while later, awhile later, in a little while.Variant: nenve'xvva. nonveto
p. a little while later; shortly after; sometime soon. See: nve-; novse-; h'tva; hehpeto.Variant: nenveto.
-nonvoo'e vai. stay for awhile. -nonvoo'e. He stayed for awhile. Notes (Phonology) vs Usage: less
common than -nenvoo'e.Variant: -nenvoo'e.
-noestoh(n) vta. dip out s.o. quickly. N-noesthnoo'o he'hesono I spooned out the rice quickly.
See: -nooh.
-noh vti. dip out s.t., bail s.t., ladle s.t., scoop s.t. for example, ladle water for drinking, or dip soup
onto a plate. -nha. He bailed it (for example, water)/he dipped it up (for example, for drinking). Noohtse! Ladle it out! Nohomeo'o! Dip it out (then)! See: -noht; -nohomev; noestoh(n). Etymology: *kwa:pahamwa he dipped it out.
-nohan vai. scoop, bail, dip out. for example, dipping water out of a barrel, or soup out of a cooking
pot. -nohne. He dipped out.Variant: -nohen.
nohanesttse ni. dipper. -nohe

fai. look like ; appear as . phve-nohe. He looks nice. hee-nohe. He looks that way. honse-nohe. He looks lonely. nevtame-nohe. He looks pitiful. xaev'ho've-nohe. He looks like a whiteman. see-noheo'o. They have similar appearance (for example, to each other). See: -hetov. fii: -nno'e; fti: -nests. Etymology: cf. O izhinaagozi (N). contracted form of nmonhe'eVariant: nmonhe'e.
nohe'e p. Let's go! a functional command. See: nheto; nmheto; nhe'e. Notes (Phonology) probably a -nohen vai. scoop, bail, dip out. -nohne. He dipped out. for example, dipping water out of a barrel
or soup out of a cooking pot.Variant: -nohan.
-nohomev
vta. get a drink for s.o. See: -noh; -manoh. Nh-nohomevstse! Bring me a drink of water! Nta-nohomevtse. I'm getting you some water. Nohomevoo'o! Give him a drink (then)! (old people used to say this as they taught s.o. how to treat a guest; a guest should be given something to eat, or, at least, a drink of water).
nooht- i. omit. -noohtxe'stne He left it out of his writing. Preverb: noose-. -nooht1 vti. leave s.t. -nohta. He left it. vta: -noot; Homonym: -noht. -noht2 vti. drink s.t. from a vessel. for example, to drink from a bowl or dipper. -nhta. He drank it
from a bowl. See: -noh. vai: -nosan; Homonym: -nooht1.
-noohtan vti. omit s.t., leave out s.t.

vta. omit s.o., leave out s.o. -noohtna He left it out. -noohtna estsesttse He left out a word. -noohtanho He left him out.
-nooht'an vai. omit (something) while talking. -nooht'ne. He left (something) out during talking.
fai: -'an.
-noohto'etahe
vai. leave out, omit. -noohto'etahe. He left something out of what he did. 'hksa'etnee-noohto'ethstovheo'o. They never let themselves be left out
(BERTHA.TXT).
-noohtomhtahe
vai. leave something due to not feel good. -noohtomhtahe. He had to leave something because he wasn't feeling good. fai: -omhtahe.
-noohtomtah vta. omit (something) for the sake of s.o. -noohtomthho He left (something) out for
his sake.
-noohtxe'oh vti. omit while writing s.t. -noohtxe'ha He left it out in writing ?? -noo'ehe vti. leave; abandon s.t. behind. See: -nooht. N-noo'ehe I left it. N-noo'hentse I left them
(inan.).
-noo'h't
vti. abandon s.t., leave s.t. when moving. -noo'h'ta. He abandoned it when moving camp. See: -nooht. vta. move and abandon s.o. -noo'h'tovho. He moved away without him. Nnoo'hnoto. I abandoned them (an.). Nta-noo'h'tne. They moved camp and left you. vai: noo'ehe. See: -noo'ehe; -noot.
-noo'h'tov
noo'h'tov move away from s.o. -noo'h'tovho. He moved away from hi. -noo'hov'tov vta. flee leave behind s.o. E-noo'hov'tovho. He fled leaving him behind. This is not
with the intention of abandoning someone, but because of the urgency of fleeing sometimes someone is left behind. See: -noot.
-noo'hov vai. vti. desert; abandon (s.t.) runing ?? heventse xhe-noo'hvnse He abandoned his
tepee. (1980:41:11). Final: -ohov.
-noo'hov'tov vta. desert s.o., abandon s.o. N-noo'hovantse. I deserted him. N-noo'hov'tova. He
deserted me. Final: -ohov. See: -noot; -ameohov.
-noo'ohts vti. leave s.t. (home). -noo'htse hesto'htsesttse. He left his home. See: -ano'ohts. -noo'htsh vta. leave s.t., depart from s.o. See: -noot. -noo'htseho. He left him/he departed from him.
-noo'htshho. He left him/he departed from him. (pronunciation of younger speakers). N'va-noo'htshaensesto ts'e. They had a reason for leaving us. (1987:14).
-noo'hts't vti. leave s.t. See: -nooht. -noo'hts'ta. He left it. See: -noo'ohts. -noo'hts'tov
vta. abandon s.o., desert s.o. Mnme'ethe'h-noo'htsnoto. I will NEVER abandon them. hvmto msta-noo'htshenothe. That is when he abandoned them. (1987:254). See: noo'o'ts'tov.
-noo'o'ts vti. leave s.t. in a hurry. -noo''tse He left s.t. behind when he left in a hurry (for example,
his wallet). See: -nooht.
-noo'o'ts'tov
vta. desert s.o., abandon s.o., leave s.o. N-noo'o'ts'tova. He left me. Mnstsenoo'o'tsentse? Are you going to leave him? (1987:36:11). See: -noo'hts'tov; -noot; noo'hov'tov. fni. song. hsemho'h-noottse war songs. ho'nhe-noottse wolf songs. hotammshnoottse Crazy Dogs Society songs. mth-noottse peyote songs. mtssonetan-noottse Elk ?? Society songs. ma'hene-noottse sacred/ceremonial songs (cf. ma'henenmeottse). momta'e-noottse braveheart songs ("growly songs"). n'oesennoottse handgame songs. ntx-noottse society songs. naa'-noottse doctoring songs. ovxenoottse dream songs (received in a dream). tshse-noottse Indian songs. v'ho'-noottse whiteman songs. vhone-noottse chief songs. ma'xev'ksnoo'tse bald eagle (lit. big-bird) song (Schwartz 84).Pl: -noottse. fai: -non. See: nmeo'tse.
-noo'tse
non- i. brown, faded; dried up. -nonahe vai. dried up. -nonahe. He's dried up. for example, of a tree. -nonho't vii. be faded from the sun. -nonho'tatse heme'ko his hair is faded (from the sun). -non vai. scout. -nne. He's scouting. tsohke-nonese scouts. Nvso tsto'sho'ennstse? Who's
gonna bring the news of the enemy? (when spoken of about the Sun Dance, this refers to the last person; he comes in just before the S.D. starts).
none- pv. old, faded, dried up. nonevehptse dried up leaf. fii: -non. nne na. scout.Pl: nonheo'o. -noneno'e vii. taste stale. -noneno'e. It tastes stale. -nonhanee'e vai. sit sad with tears in eyes. -nonhanee'e. She sat looking very sad with tears in
her eyes.
nonh'e p. Let's go!, All right, let's go ahead and do it!, All right, go ahead and do it! a functional
command. See: nheto; nmheto; nh'e; nm'ke.Variant: nohe'e; nmonhe'e.
Nonheeo'o na. Withered Hip. -nonhohts vai. have old tracks. See: -hohts. -nonhhtse his tracks are old/faded. nonho'emanesttse ni. Old Testament.Literally: old-law. Usage: neologism. -nonema'h vai. smell old, smell moldy. -nonem'ha. It smells old. fii: -ma'h. -nonema'xe vai. smell old, smell moldy. -nonema'xe. He smells old/moldy. fai: -ma'xe. -noneotse vii. vai. become faded; dry up. -noneotse. It (or he) is faded/it has dried up (for example, a
coat which has become faded).
nontse'e p. obediently, give in. Has the idea of giving in and going along with someone even though
they have not kept their promises yet on this matter. taohkenaestmaneo'o taohkeeho'oestsnvtse hesetsstse ohkeemanstvnstse nontse'o taohkevevaphveotsnove oxsta taohkevhestannove. (Indian doctors) would doctor, they would brew up some herbal medicines. You would drink (this), incidentally, you got well, you were O.K. again. (1987:213).
-non vii. faded, dried up. -nono. It's dried up (for example, a leaf in the fall). There is widespread
disagreement about terms for 'brown'; some speakers prefer -non; some prefer -mkan; while a smaller number may prefer -mo'htvhev. It is likely that there was not a traditional word for 'brown'. See: -mkan; -mo'htvhev.
-nonhta'han vai. tell outdated story. -nonhta'hne. He told an outdated story. Nono'e na. Old Grass. -nono' vai. whoop, war whoop). See: -h'hohen; -h'st. -non'e He whooped. vta: -nono'st'tov. -nono'st'tov vta. whoop at s.o. See: -nono'ot; -h'st'tov. N-nono'st'tova He whooped at me. -nono'
vta. whoop at s.o. N-nono'to. I whooped at him. vai: -nono'; Final: -o't. See: nono'st'tov; -h'st'tov; -ho't.
-non'ohe vai. be dried up; withered (of a tree or tuber). -nono'heo'o They (trees) are dried up. -nono'o'e vii. withered grass. -nono'o'e. It (grass) is old and withered. [Stamper 1991:6] Final: -o'e. -nonovs vai. Medial: -ovs.have faded hair. -nonovse He had faded hair. noo p. wow!, my!, oh! female exclamation. Masculine: aa. Notes (Phonology) may be lengthened for
greater effectVariant: noo.
-nosan vai. sip, drink from a container. for example, from a bowl or dipper. -nsne. He drank
from a bowl. vti: -noht. See: -mane; -nomen; -noosan.
-noosan vai. leave (people). -noosne. He left. See: -nosan. noose- pv. leave out, omit, leave. N-noosetotxsta. It left something out when discussing it. Ntanoostotxmo. I left this one thing (an.) out. N-noosenhpo'a''tse he'ntoo'o I "forgot" (lit. omitted) to lock the door. -noosevonhoto. He crawled away leaving him. Mohkeahtse'nooshem'oonhhe. He cheated on his wife (lit. INFER-he-HABIT-at.the.same.timeleft.(her).out-had.lover-INFER-NEG). Nv'-nooseoe'kh'tovoo'o tsvstoemsee'e Don't
commit adultery against your spouses (lit., don't leave.out cheat; the one who is being cheated on is being abandoned/left out). vti: -nooht.
-noosee'e vai. outgrow. See: -ee'e.

vti. outgrow s.t. -noosee'e. He outgrew it (for example, clothes, sucking thumb, etc.).
noose'tov vta. outgrow s.o. Only used in direct voice. -noosenoto hestse'heno He outgrew his jacket.
-noose'hooh'tov vta. fly leaving s.o. naa tsne'e'va'otsse mh-noose'hoohhenothe he'heno and
after (Red Woman) fell down, the blackbird left her behind (1987:246).
-noosem vai. omit s.o. in speaking; leave out s.o. in speaking. N-noosmo I did not mention him.
Nhenavomothoo'o vo'stane nsa-noosemhe I prayed for (everyone), I didn't leave anybody
out (1987:99).
-noosenvahe vai. vti. omit ??; not live up to; be unworthy of s.t. -noosenvahe. He did not live up to
it. nemeo'o n-noosenvhenone We do not live up to your way (Hymn 122). vta. omit ??; not live up to; be unworthy of s.o. N-noosenvhenone we are not worthy of him ?? See: -nvahe.
-nooseohastve
vai. left behind when standing. nhe'xovhoh'ta tsohkxaenonovenooseohastvvhtse. It's so hot that they (testicles) are left behind (stuck on a chair when you
stand up; a humorous saying).
-noosest
vti. omit s.t.; leave out s.t. Hsstse nhtseonhxe-noessta. I might leave some out. (1987:222).
-noosetan vai. want to leave. -noosetno He wants to leave/he wants to abandon. -noosetan'tsan vai. want to leave out s.o. ma'heo'o mho'n-noosetan'tsnstse God doesn't want
to leave (anyone) out.
-noosetan'tov vta. want to leave s.o. often refers to someone leaving their spouse due to adultery. noosetan'tovho. He wants to leave him/he wants to abandon him. ohksanoosetan'tovhtsheo'o. They (for example, twins) don't want to leave one another. noosetannoto He/she left his/her spouse(for another woman/man).
-noot vta. leave s.o. See: -noo'hov'tov. -nootho. He left him. Ta-nooxeha! Leave him! Nv'-nooxe!
Don't leave me! Preverb: noose-. Etymology: *naka0e:wa. vti: -nooht.
nos- i. search for, seek.Variant: noht-. nsense'to

pv. i. approach, toward. See: nht-. -nsevonhoto. He crawled toward him. stama'xenst'honaooh'toehoono. He was swimming after her. (1987:291). p. clear to the end; until the end. Nenhetane nto'sevsevane ma'heo'o nse'to ma'tho'enhstanove. God told us he would abide with us until the end of time. (1987:163). [1987:11] See: t'e; maato.
ns'tove- pv. until the end. -ns'tovena'xvaenho. He kept beating him until he died. -nsemohe vai. strain toward, want to be picked up. -nsemohe. (The baby) wants to be picked up.
fai: -mohe.
-nsemoh'tov vta. go to s.o. -nsemohenoto. He wants to go to him. for example, when a baby
puts its arms out wanting to be held.
-nsvan
vti. search for s.t. -nsvna. He felt for it (for example, in the dark). Reduplicated: nonhtsevan. See: -nsa'ov; -nhtse'ov; -nhtsven. sthsease-nsevonhtovo tothoesta ntxv'h'e Then from there they (Indian warriors)
-nsevonht vta. crawl to s.o. See: -ho'evonht; -nhto'hots'tov; -n'ooh'tov. naa nhe'e nhehe
crawled up from all directions to the soldiers (for example, at the Battle of the Little Big Horn).
-nsvoon vti. feel around for s.t. in water. -nsvna. He's feeling around for it in the water. -nsnn vai. fish with hands.Literally: search by feeling. a style of fishing esp. done in Oklahoma, for
example, fishing by feeling for catfish hiding in overhanging grass along a creek bank. nsnne. He's searching for fish with his hands. See: -nsvoe' (??); -nhts'sevanen.
-nsh(n) vta. guess s.o. (esp. in handgame). the semantic object of this verb is the opposing person
who the guesser is guessing against. See: -ov; n'oesanesttse. -nshnho He's guessing him.
-nshov vai. guess trying to find the handgame bone. See: -shov; -ov; -amhn; -veamhn. nshva He's guessing. -nshovahe Did he guess?
-nsvoe' vti. feel around searching for s.t. in water (by foot). N-nsv'. I felt around for s.t. under
water with my feet. [Croft] See: -nhtse'.
-nsvoe'ov vta. feel around searching for s.o. in water (by foot). N-nsvoe'vo. I felt around for s.o.
under water with my feet. [Croft] See: -nhtse'ov.
-not fta. kill s.o. he-notaevsesto. They killed them all (attrib. mode). hv'nhe'e-notsesto. She just
didn't destroy (one of them). (1980:14:35). Nnhesth-notatsme. I'll kill however many there are of you (pl). (1980:14:68). Nmhe-notatsme. I('ll) kill all of you (pl). (1980:16:117). Nssve-nto. I beat him until he was tired out. Nm'se-notoo'o. I slew them en masse / killed them all. fai: -no'; fti: -nohts; vai: -na'h kill s.o.. See: -nt sew s.o..
-nt fta. sew. Nhahpe-nto. I sewed him. no'-enhevotse? Are they (for example, soles) sewed on
also? fai: -n'. See: -not kill s.o..
nt- i. enemy; alien; another tribe. -nto'xe. He brought back bounty from the enemy. -nto'xva. He
sounded the alarm of the arrival of the enemy. -ntoveotse. He became an outsider. IndepNoun: notse.
nt'e na. Indian woman of another tribe, alien woman, foreign woman. refers to an Indian woman
from another tribe.Pl: nta'eo'o. Obviative: nta'ho; Masculine: notse.
-nta'eve vai. be an Indian woman of another tribe. sa-nt'vhe She's not an Indian woman from
another tribe (1987:395).
-nta'evenohe vai. look like an Indian woman of another tribe. xae-nta'evenohe She just looks like
an Indian woman from another tribe (1987:395).
notma p. north. See: nm-. -notama'e't vii. face north. typically said of a tepee. -notama''ta. (The tepee) faces north. -notama'ohts
vai. face north walking, walk facing north. See: Nmehtse; -nmehn; notama. notama'htse He went facing the wind.
-ntame na. alien; enemy (poss.). na-ntame my alien/my enemy. mhoxemano ne-ntamo Love your
enemies! IndepNoun: notse.
Notam'e North Woman. an old blind lady with this name is said to have helped the leaders guide the
Cheynnes in the long trek north from Oklahoma; even though she was blind she could discern when the soldiers were near.Variant: Notam'hhe; notma; Noma''e.
Notam'hhe na. North Woman. this longer spelling may be preferred to Notam'e. See: Notam'e. Notamemshno loc. Northern Cheyenne area. See: Hevhetanno Southern Cheyenne area. Notameohmseestse
vai. Northern Cheyenne person.Literally: northern-eater. Variant: Hotameohmseestse. This word consists of the prenoun notame- 'north'; oh- 'conjunct participle prefix; -msehe 'eat'; 'third person sg. conjunct ending.' See discussion under hmseestse. See: hmseestse; Notameohmshtane; -msehe; -tshstahe; Hevhtane.Pl: Notamohmshese. AlternatePlural: Notamohmshso. na. Northern Cheyenne.Variant: Notameohmseestse. Pl: Notameohmshtaneo'o. See: Hevhtane Southern Cheyenne.
Notameohmshtane
Notamota na. North (ceremonial name). -notan vai. take water along. -notne. He took water along. See: -novo' take food along. notanesttse ni. canteen.Pl: notanstottse. ntaxe na. warrior; society member.Pl: ntxeo'o. Obviative: ntaxho. This term would not be used of a
modern day soldier but of a traditional warrior; today it is used of a member of a society. See: ntxve'ho'e; -htaxe; -vstaxe.
Ntxeeva obl. Veteran's Day.Literally: soldier-day. ntx'e na. society woman, society sister. This is a woman who a male society adopts. They would
call her their sister.
ntxmh'o ni. military house.Pl: ntxmheontse. The plural is used for 'barracks.'. ntxmheontse ni. barracks. See: ntxve'ho'no.Literally: soldier-houses. -ntxeme na. warrior. he-ntxemo his warrior(s). ntxnoottse ni. society songs.
Ntx'khme
Soldierwolf. Soldierwolf's name was translated wrongly as 'Soldierwolf'; his personal Cheyenne name was Hot'hphvaestse 'Goodbull'?
nnhno'hsease-ntxeve and when I went through the name-giving ceremony there in Ashland
-ntxeve vai. be a warrior; be a society member. naa thhe ts'oesevhanto totoemanhno nhhe
I became a society member (1987:116).
-ntxvhoneve vai. be head man of a society. See: veho. -ntxvhoneve He is head man of a
society.
ntxve'ho'e
na. soldier. esp. modern military soldier.Literally: warrior-ve'ho'e. Pl: ntxv'h'e. Oblique: ntxv'h'e; Vocative: ntxve'ho'asstse (pl) ( 244). See: ntaxe.
ntxve'ho'no ni. Final: -en.barracks.Literally: warrior-whiteman-place. Variant: ntx-mhentse. -ntxve'ho'vsan vai. wear military clothing, dress military. -ntxve'ho'vsne. He's dressed
in a military uniform. fai: -san2.
ntxvesttse ni. warrior society; soldier society. See: e'oestahe-ntxvesttse.Pl: ntxvstottse. ntxvhom'hesttse ni. society dance. fai: -ohom'he. ntxv'e ni. military rifle, rifle with bayonet. -nto'xe vai. bring back bounty from another tribe. -nto'xe. He brought back bounty (for example,
from fighting another tribe), Final: -o'xe. See: -ho'o'xe; -amo'xe; notse.
-nto'xev vai. warn; sound alarm; announce the enemy. -nto'xva. He sounded the alarm (of arrival
of enemies). Owls do this, landing on a house and foretelling a death of someone who lives in it. v'kshe-mstaeo'o ... ohke-nto'xevao'o vo'stane to'shovneehesstse ... ohkhevoone "Owls warn when a person is going to die," they say. (1980:41:7). See: -ho'xev; -nto'xev.
-notov mbp. neck. okhkeve-notva. He has a black (like a crow) dirty neck. tshe'se-notva. He
has a long neck. thtae-notovhe killdeer (lit. marked around-neck-one). IndepNoun: he'tse; Possessive: -htse'tse.
ntov- i. stray. -ntoveohts vai. go as an outsider ?? -ntovhtse He is an outsider/he is a stray/he is a 'Gentile'

(in Biblical sense as being an outsider). ohkeva-ntovhtse He went back to his old sinful ways. Initial: become a backslider.
-ntoveotse -ntovahe
vai. become an outsider. -ntoveotse. ?? He has become an outsider/he is a nonChristian. Usage: not well known today. vai. outsider. -ntovahe. He is not serious (in character or mood)/he is light/he is a 'backslider' (for example, gone back from Christian living). ?? See: -ontovahe.
ntovvo'stane na. wandering around person; a straying person. Initial: backslide. -ntovvomhtahe
vai. live in a worldly condition. -ntovvomhtahe He is living in a worldly condition. Usage: neologism?.
notse na. 1 alien; Indian of another tribe; foreigner; enemy; stranger; enemy replica (rawhide object
used in Sun Dance lodge).Pl: ntseo'o. Obviative: noto. This term refers to an Indian from another tribe. Possessive: -ntame; Feminine: nt'e. See: Ma'xenotse Big Foreigner (what a large Gros Ventre man, married to a Cheyenne, was nicknamed). Etymology: *pwa:0a Sioux. 2 alienated person. Usage: fig.. This word can serve as a figure of speech for someone left out; for example, a child who is on the outs with his parents and aunts.
ntse- pv. too late. for example, too late to help. -ntsenheve. He did it his own way then went back
and did it the way he was first told how to do it but it was too late.
-ntsevn vai. face from another tribe. -ntsevne. ?? He has a face from another tribe. -ntsevenestse vai. speak an alien language. -ntsevenestse He talks a foreign (Indian) language. nv- i. slow, late. -nv vai. jealous of wife. for example, when a husband feels insecure in his relationship with his wife
and he is jealous when other men pay attention to her. -nva. He's jealous (over his wife). vta: -nvt. See: -oesevon. Etymology: *kya:we:wa.
-nvh'en vai. cook slowly. -nvh'ne. She cooks slowly. Nvhe na. Medicine (in sense of sacred). Usage: archaic. old term for a deity. Some proper names
which contain the root of this noun: Mo'henvave 'Medicine Elk', Nvv'e 'Medicine Woman', Nvvse 'Bear Butte'. See: na-; ma'heo'o; Mo'henvave; Nvv'e; Nvvse.
-nvahe
vai. slow. refers to being characteristically slow. -nvahe. He is slow. vti: -nvh't; Antonym: -nevahe. See: -nontovahe; -nvanen; nve-; -momxomahe.
-nvh't vti. be slow toward s.t. Ntaome-nvh'ta nemeo'o I am slow at learning your way (Hymn
136).
-nvaheve'seh
vta. giveaway for s.o. N-naheve'seha. He gaveaway for me. See: -naheeh. Final: -'seh.
-nvho'he vai. cook slowly. -nvho'he. He's being cooked slowly. Nv'e na. (woman's name). -nva'no'ham vai. drive slowly. -nva'no'hme. He drove slowly. -nva'ham vta. throw s.o. slowly, slow pitch a ball. -nva'hamho. He slow pitched (the ball). -nva'haso'he vai. ride horse slowly. -nva'haso'he. He rode horse slowly. Nv'hhe na. (woman's name). Nv'kso na. Slow Growing Woman ?? Usage: translation uncertain. -nva''san vai. late, take too long. N-nva''sne. I took too long (so I'm late). -nvanen vai. slowly do, take time. can refer to doing something slowly because it requires that, for
example, the old traditional way of cooking deer blood. ohke-nvanne. He does things slowly. -nvanne. He's taking his time. fai: -anen. See: -nvahe.
-nvtno vai. want to get jealous. -nvtno. He wants to get jealous (of his wife). Nvvse ni. Bear Butte.Variant: Nvse. Better spelling seems to be Nvse. nve- late, slow.
i. -nvehtse. He is late. pv. -nvho'ehtse. He arrived late. Nohke-nvenstomne. I hear slowly (for example, can't catch sounds fast). See: nenveto; -nvahe; -nveohe. Antonym: nhe-.
-nove fii. impersonal verb suffix.Variant: -htve. The two different impersonal suffixes appear to be different
in spelling only; there seems to be no difference in meaning; -htove occurs more frequently with most speakers, but some speakers have a higher percentage of -nove forms than do other speakers. mannove there is drinking. naa tsheto'ots-nove and (I remember) when you got up (in the morning) (1987:190). Nohkeenstomne tsohkeemhaeheto'eth-nove I have heard how (the Sun Dance) used to be done (1987:211). See: -htot.
-nvee'e vai. slow; late maturing. Antonym: -nhee'e. -nvee'e. He's slow in maturing. See: -ee'e. Notes
(Phonology) vs
-novehe vai. be betted against. actually, this is an unspecified subject "passive" verb stem. -novheo'o
They are betted against. vta: -novet.
-nvehn
vai. walk slowly. -nvhne He's walking slowly. mst'-novhnhevhe They came real slowly (1987:45). Final: -ehn.
Nvhn'hhe na. Slow Walking Woman. -novhoo'e vti. vai. 1 sit for awhile.
2 cannot afford s.t., unable to make payments. Usage: fig.. N-novhoo'e. I can't make my payments. N-novhoenne. We're behind in our payments. Nsa-novhohe. I can make the
payment/I know I can pay for it. (for example, can be said by someone preparing for a giveaway, stating that they are financially or otherwise supplied well enough to giveaway).
-nv'ha vai. fly slowly. -nv'ha. He flew slowly. -nve'han vai. eat slowly. Antonym: -nontove'han. -nve'hna He ate slowly.
-nve'hoohe vai. fly slowly. -nve'hoohe. He's flying slowly. -nvemohe

vai. run slow. -nvemohe. He's running slowly. fai: -mohe; Antonym: -nhemohe, nevemohe.
-nvenestse vai. speak slowly. -nvenestse. He speaks slowly. -nveohe vai. arrive late. refers to moving by some form of transportation, esp., today, a car. See: -nvho'eohts. N-nveohe I arrived late. Initial: nve-; Final: -ohe.
-nveohts vai. walk slowly, come late. N-nvehtse. I came late. Antonym: -neveohts. novse- pv. later; then; subsequently; afterwards. places verb containing this preverb subsequent in time
to a preceding or following verb with which it is associated. nhta-novsenmne and then (afterwards) I sang.Variant: novse-. See: novse; nenveto; hehpeto; hehpe'xvva; nenve'xvva; maato.
-nove' vai. bet, gamble. See: -s'o'san. -nov'e. He bet. -nove'eo'o. They are gambling. nove'esttse ni. betting. -nove'tno vai. want to gamble. -nove'tno He wants to gamble. [1987:245] -nve'vhomo'he vai. contest dance. -nve'vhom'heo'o. They are contest dancing. nve'vhom'hesttse ni. contest dance. See: Novethtsvhom'hesttse. nve'vo'ha na. racehorse.Pl: nve'vo'hme. -nve'vo'ham vai. race horses. -nve'vo'hme. He is racing horses. -novvaen vta. race against s.o. -novvaenho. He raced against him. -novet
vta. compete against; have contest with; bet against; gamble against s.o. -novetho. He
competed against him. (This would mean that the second person didn't know he was being competed against.). -novethtseo'o. They are competing (against each other). N-novethtsme. We are racing (each other). -novetahtse He gambled (TA reflexive??). ohtame-novetho nhe hetanevo'ho. He tried to have a contest with that Arapaho. [1987:149] See: -s'o'h; -nvt; nvoh(n).
nvethtsesttse ni. gambling. nvethtsvhom'hesttse ni. contest dance. See: Nve'vhom'hesttse. -novoe'e
vai. stand obstructing ?? (part way). See: hxove-. stamme=ta'se=s'te-novoeesstse hoohtsstse a tree was going across fallen part way over the water (1987:281). Notes (Phonology) vs
-nvstne vai. read slowly, slowly read. -nvstne. He's reading slowly. -novhe' vai. race. -novh'e He raced. he'heno m'hkeahtse'thoehenothe ts-novhe'tsese The
blackbird used to sit on the racer. [1987:245] naa mst'neno'kshpe-novhe'hhe ma'mh'e Red Woman was in the lead as they raced (1987:246).
-novhe'tan
vai. race in mind. Nv'-novhe'tanme mshnstva, onset'ha'eta nethoestovevoo'o, onshestxvtno mshnstva! Don't race in craziness, try to stop your
mounts (that is, horses), try to come in last in terms of craziness! (= Don't live a hurried, crazy life!). This was a saying that John Stands In Timber liked to repeat.
-novhseh
vta. race against s.o. -novhshahtseo'o. They raced each other. Nthnovhshahtsmne! Let's go race! Hovhne mh-novhshahtshvhe. The animals had a big race. nhahvo'hme tsh-novhshahtsvse wild horse race (lit. wild horses when they race).
novhesstmanvo'ha na. running racehorse.Pl: novhesstomanvo'hme. -novhsven vta. race against s.o. Nto'se-novhsvno. I'm going to race against him (as in an
election). See: -novvno.
novhts-m'o ni. racetrack road. -novoh(n) vta. 1 ahead of s.o. in a race. -novhnho. He is ahead of him in a race.
2 ahead in a bet against s.o. See: -novet.
-nv'an vai. say slowly. -nv'ne. He is pronouncing slowly. fai: -'an; Antonym: -nev'an.
-novo' vai. take along food. -nov'e. He took along food. vta: -novo''seh. See: -novo'eohts; -notan; no'ovo'he; -notan. Etymology: cf. O nawapo.
-novo''seh
vta. take along food for s.o. -novo''shho. He sent food along with him. Ma'xenovo''eo'o! Take along a big lunch for me! (1987:264).
-novo'eohts vai. eat while walking. -novo'ehtse. (-novo'htse ??) He ate and walked (at the same
time). Taa'va nstsev'novo'eohtsme; mstaa'e nstsenmhtsen'o'havo. Don't eat (pl) outside at night; a boogeyman (or spirit) will give you a crooked mouth. (a cultural prohibition). See: nvo'eohts.
-nvo'eohts vai. drive a team (for example, of horses) slowly. See: nve-; -novo'eohts. -nvo'ehtse
He drove a team slowly.
-novo'esttse ni. food taken along (poss.), lunch (poss.). he-novo'esttse his lunch (1987:267). vai: novo'.
novo'esttse ts'hkev'h'ta vii. lunch pail. nvse p. less. m'seotse nvse. It didn't quite fit (for example, words on a cassette tape) (that is, it
finished before the end of the speaking). Nvse nheta'o. It is not as large/it is smaller. naa mto nvse tanoestoneo'o tsmneeese and also, they quit school too soon (because of liquor), those who have just grown (1987:61). Nvse nhe'xvatamho he'ho. He thinks less of women (for example, treats them as less important than males). Preverb: novse-; Antonym: hehpe-. See: nhe'e; maato; hehpeto; hehpe'xvva; nenve'xvva. Etymology: cf. M nawa:c (corresp.?).
novse- pv. later; then; subsequently; afterwards. This preverb places the action of the verb containing
it later in time to the action of another verb. -novsephvtssta. Later on he thought it was okay. novse-vho'ostse. He later wasted it. nhta-novsenmne and then (afterwards) I sang. Ma'taemshtse nsta-novseaseohtsema. After we have eaten we will leave. -novshohatse. He then laughed. h-novseasta'xhoo'o v'ho'e hmneto'otshoo'o. The whiteman ran off as soon as he got up. [1987:232,253,397]Variant: novse-. This pronunciation is probably used by more speakers than novse-. See: novse; nenveto; hehpeto; hehpe'xvva; nenve'xvva; maato.
-nvt vta. jealous of s.o. over one's wife. The husband is jealous of some man who is paying attention
to his wife. -nvoto. He's jealous of him over his wife. vai: -nv. See: -novet.
-nvotse'ohe vai. work slowly, slowly work. -nvotse'ohe. He works slowly. Antonym: -nevotse'ohe.
See: -hotse'ohe.
-nvxe'stn vai. write slowly. -nvxe'stne He writes slowly. nxa'e p. Wait! Functional command said to one person or more than one person. See: -tonoom wait
for s.o..
nxe- pv. war deeds. See: -hevoo'o say; notse. -nxe-nhevoo'o. He is telling his war deeds. -nxehn
vti. carry s.t. on the back. N-nxhne. I'm carrying it on my back. See: -amo'xe; -o'xe; po'oom. amo'xe.
-nxeohts vai. vti. carry something on the back. -nxhtse. He carried it on his back. See: -o'xe; -
O-o
-1 pro. obviative suffix on AI verbs. Hee'haho msh-ho. His son ate. See: -o OBV; -h; -ae. -2 voice. direct voice suffix indicating action by a first or second person upon a third person, or by a
third person upon another third person. Antonym: -ae. Nvm-o /n-vom-/ I saw him. vomho. He saw him.
-3 theme. inanimate object suffix. This is an allomorph of -. Hestn-htse! Take it! (cf. hestna 'he took
it'). Hestan-omeo'o! Take it (then)! No-ohtse! Ladle it out! Nsavhthe. I did not see it. mhvoht-hhe (vhthhe??) He must have seen it (inf.). sahne'en-hnvo. They do not know it. tsvht-o what he saw. tsshn-o the one who pushed it (??). tsxhestanm-o when I took it.Variant: -hts.
-o pro. conjunct suffix for TI verbs with 1st person subject. mxhestanm-o if you take it. See: -o 2:I. -o pro. conjunct suffix for TI verbs with 2nd person subject. mxhestanom-o if you take it. See: - 1:I. -o pro. num. obviative suffix; plural suffix in attributive mode. Except for recent regularization among some
speakers, this allomorph is used when the preceding stem vowel is phonemically high-pitched. e'x-o duck(s). mot-o He fought him/them. hvomsest-o. He is said to have seen him/them (attrib). hmothoon-o. He fought him/them (pret). nen-o. He (obv) nursed. mev-o. He ate him. ka'kneh-o child(ren). See: -o plural suffix; -1 OBV; -h; -ae.
-o voice. suffix for direct voice, 1st or 2nd person subject acting on 3rd person object in the conjunct
order, and in independent order verbs taking the -no(t) TA final. Notes (Phonology) Note that the corresponding independent order suffix is high-pitched - tsvstoem-o my spouse (lit. the one who I sit with; i.e. am married to). tsmhot-o the one I love. tshvom-o when I saw him. tshvomse when you saw him. tshvom-tse when we saw him. Nmanot-o I gave them away. See: no. Etymology: *-ak.
atoo'se p. of course; indeed. -ovenomoo'e vai. sit asleep. -ovenomoo'e. He is sitting asleep. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -nomonoo'e. -1 m. liquid; water. am-ehstse He rowed it. am-h'ne He canoed/went by boat. mht-ha He
stirred it. nhp-en'o dam (lit. obstruct-water(.thing)). pn-na He sopped it up. See: -e'; ov; -ome; -'sev.
-2 fai. stand. msh-'e. He's eating while standing. koome-'e. He is standing still. nveht'e. He is standing on four legs. Nhove-'stse! Stand up! nhove-eo'o. They stood up.Variant: -'e2. See: -n'e stand; -oo'e sit. Etymology: *ka:pa:(w). fii. stand, stick out. se-'e. It is stuck in. he-'e. It is sticking out.
-e voice. inverse voice. Notes (Phonology) form which results from contraction of TA finals -ov or -ev with
inverse morphology, i.e. -ov + -ae, or -ev + -ae, respectively hnhtsst-esesto nhe tsvstoemose. She asked her husband (1987:264). hne'en-evho. They are known by him (obv). tsvovstom-'stse the one who teaches me. See: -ov; -ev; -ae.
-oeh fii. be in water. See: -amoeh. -oha. It is in water. -eh vii. land; fall; alight. Hnhhe e-ha. It landed there. hesthamentse -hnstse seeds fell.
ho'eta -ha lightning fell. maahe -ha the arrow fell. See: -ava'.
-ehahts
fti. throw. See: -hahts; -eem. Nvhe tstaseta'hahtsstse he'ko venva tstavaseehahtse? Who threw the bone back into the tepee (after it had been thrown out)? ameehahtsentse hesthamentse He is throwing seeds (for example, for planting).
-ha'en fai. boat. am-h'ne. He's rowing along. n-h'ne. He stopped boating. -ehn fai. bear child; birthe. esp. of the mother but can be of either or both parents. ns-hne. She
has borne two children. no'k-ehneo'o. They have borne one child. hesthn-hne. She has borne many children. Nmon-ehnentse. I adopted him (lit., I-choose-birth-him).
-ehnevo'eh vta. treating s.o. who patiently endures that treatment. -ehnevo'eeho. He treats him
who patiently endures the treatment.
-ehnevo'etahe vai. do something on purpose ?? -ehnevo'etahe. He did it on purpose. ohnov- i. patient; faithful. -ehnovahe
vai. patient, humble, bothered by nothing. -ehnovahe He is patient. See: 'ts-; hhnovahe.
ohnove- pv. i. patiently. -ohnovsth vai. patient.Literally: patient-hearted. -ohnovstha. He is patient-hearted.
-ohnovetan
vai. feel patient, perseverant, hold out. See: -'tstan; -toetan; -hhnovetan. ohnovetno He's feeling perseverant. ohnovetanoo'o Have faith/Stay strong!
-ehnovetanh vta. patient with s.o. -ehnovetanh'e He is patient with him. -ohnovetan'tov vta. be patient with s.o. -ohnovetan'tovho He is patient with him. -ohnovvam vai. encourage s.o. ?? See: -heestha'ov. -ohnovvmho ?[ He encouraged him. -ohnovootse vai. patiently sit. e-ohnovootsstse! Take a breather/patiently sit there! -ohnovoht
vti. patiently overlook s.t. e-ohnovhttse! Just overlook it (for example, all the negative things being said)! vai. work patiently. See: -hotse'ohe; -hhnovotse'ohe. -ohnovotse'ohe He steadily works. -ohnovotse'heo'o. They work patiently/steadily/with perserverance (whites are viewed this way). Notes (Phonology) redup; only used with plural subjects
-ohnovotse'ohe
-e'e'ohe vai. chopped down. -e'e'heo'o. (The trees) were chopped down. Non-reduplicated: -'e'ohe. -oe'kehe vai. cheat, commit adultery. -oo'kehe. He cheated/he committed adultery ?? -oe'kh'heneve vai. be a cheating person. -oe'khe'heneve. He is an adulterer/he is a cheater. -oe'kh'tov vta. cheat s.o., commit adultery on s.o. can refer to marital infidelity. N-oe'kh'tova. He
cheated on me/he committed adultery on me. -oe'khnoto He cheated him/her. oe'kh'tovho He's cheating by means of her (that is, his "mistress") (RECK MNG--WHO IS OBJECT??). -oe'kh'tovhtseo'o They are cheating; committing adultery with each other. Nv'-nooseoe'kh'tovoo'o tsvstoemsee'e! Don't commit adultery against your spouses! (lit. don't leave.out cheat; the one who is being cheated on is being abandoned/left out) (The noosepreverb especially makes it clear that the cheating is adultery.). See: -oe'khnot.
-oe'khno' vai. cheat. refers to cheating someone. See: -oe'kehe. -oe'khn'e. He cheated. vta: oe'khnot.
-oe'khnot
vta. cheat s.o. -oe'khnoto. He cheated him. N-oe'khnota. He cheated me. vai: oe'khno'. See: -oe'kh'tov.
-oe'khtan vai. cheat. -oe'khtno. He's cheating. -oe'khvtam vta. suspect s.o. of cheating; suspicious of s.o.; leery of s.o. Nohke-oe'khevtmo. I'm
leery of him. Mhnevhtome-oe'khvatamhevhe. He was still suspicious of her. [1987:252]
-oe'khvatssthe vai. suspicious. for example, said of some whites who think all Indians cheat or
steal. ohke-oo'khvatsstheo'o. They are suspicious.
-oe'khvtan
spouse.
vai. want to cheat on spouse. -oe'khvtno. He/She wants to cheat on his/her
-oe'khv'an vai. speak in a tricky manner. -oe'khv'ne. He speaks tricky/connivingly. -oe'khvo'etahe

vai. cheat, commit adultery, deceive. adultery/deceived. [1987:271] fai: -o'etahe. -oe'khvo'eetahe.
He committed
-oe'khvotse'ohe vai. cheat at work, work cheat. -oe'khvotse'ohe. He cheated at his work. -o'koetaneva'xe vai. stick out tongue. -o'koetaneva'xe. He (for example, a snake) is sticking out his
tongue.
-e' fii. by water. am-'o. He's/It's floating. tho'kov-'o. It floated to the top. onv-'o. He (or
it) floated ashore. See: -ov; -ome; -'sev; -.
-oe't fai. fii. hang from; cling (for example, of a berry on a bush). ho'-oe'tnstse mentse. There are
lots of berries/many berries are clinging to bushes. Tshhe eenma'o'e'kav-oe'too'o! Just hang around here (delayed imperative)! (humorous literal transl.) (1987:178). See: -ose.
o'tov- i. stumble; uncoordinated. Notes (Phonology) redup ?? See: -'tova'. -o'tovenestse vai. stutter; stammer; stumble in speaking language. -o'tovenestse. He stumbled in
speaking/he is "rusty".
-o'tovenon
vai. stumble in singing. -o'tovenoneo'o They aren't singing together/they are not singing in coordinated fashion.
-oem fii. fai. fta. cost; value. h-oeme. He (or it) is expensive (high-cost). sv-oeme. It (or he) is
inexpensive. ohkev'nemhththen-oemnstse. They (for example, moccasins) cost just $10. Nnhet-omo. I am related that way to him. See: -hoem.
-oen
vta. skin s.o. -oenho. He skinned him (for example, a deer). See: -vhpeoeven; -oeno'ev. Etymology: *nepeHina:wa I skinned him; cf. U mpax::na.
-n fai. pray. h-n. He prayed, worshipped. omm-na. He prayed weeping. m-na. He

prayed secretly. n-na. He stopped praying. nhet-ena'tovho. He prayed that way to him.
-nen vai. thresh. -nne. He is threshing. See: -o'eno'. Oenenee'he na. August, Harvest Moon. See: O'enenee'he; Hemotsee'he. enenesttse ni. thresher; threshing machine. eneo'o ni. thresher; threshing machine. -oeno'ev vai. skin; dress out. i.e. take hide off an animal. See: ho'eve (ho'eeve?). -oeno'va. He's
skinning. vta: -oen.
-enoosan vai. stare. meaning of 'stare' when used in the negative. ohksa'-enoosanheo'o. They
stare (for example, at Indians). whites are perceived as staring at Indians. See: -o'oom; o'o'oom.
-eomahe vai. mournful. -eomahe. He is mournful. [pd 722] -eomhtsen' vai. have weepy quivering lips. -eomhtsen'o Her lips are quivering as if she's
about to start crying. Medial: -ahtsen.
-eomhtsenotse vai. have quivering lips from sorrow. -eomhtsenotse Her lips are quivering as
if she's about to start crying. Medial: -ahtsen.
-eomn'o vai. have a weepy face. -eomn'o. He has a weepy face. BodyPartMedial: -n. -eometan vai. be weepy; be in a crying mood; sad. for example, at the death of one's child. eometno. He is feeling weepy. See: omme-; -novetan.
oes- i. discharge. -oese m. with quick action; on the spot. See: -oest. Nm'e-oessta I told it right then and there. haneoee /hane-oese/ He was killed in an accident (for example, a car wreck).
-ose
fai. hang, float. v-ose. He (for example, God) hangs about. See: -hose hang; -oe't hang
from.
ose- pv. into. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: se-. eshvo p. inopportune, ill-timed, right then when it could have been some other time. epistemic
particle of exclamation. eshvo nmomhpe'heneotse. Right at the time (of sighting down the barrel of the gun at the deer) my (sighting) eye watered! (told to illustrate how deer have special powers; they can even cause hunters' eyes to water). This particle has also been used to exclaim about someone who walked on a newly mopped floor that was still wet; for example, "you could have walked on this floor at any other time, but as it happened you walked across it at precisely this time when I just mopped it!" It can also be used to refer to something which you are doing but do not need to do because someone else had already done it and beat you to it. See: vtsno.
-oese'han vai. spit. -oese'hna. He spit. Etymology: cf. M pake:cesae:hkow. See: -e'han; -nothta. -oese'hanht
vti. spit on s.t. -oese'hanhta. He spit on it. Oese'hanhthtse! Spit on this! vta: oese'hant. See: -notht.
-oese'hant vta. spit on s.o. -oese'hanoto. He spit on him. vti: -oese'hanht. -oesemen vai. molt. -oesemenao'o. They molted.Literally: discharge-feathers. Medial: -men. -oesenho'he vai. very hot; feverish. -oesenho'he. He is very hot / has a fever. osena'va'ohttse na. vest.Literally: put.into-arms-thing. Pl: osena'va'htoto. Notes (Phonology) redup
BodyPartMedial: -na'v. See: oo'ena'evestse'he.
-oesepen vai. empty; take out ashes. See: n'theoenvetoo'o. -oesepne He took the ashes out/he
emptied the ashes.Literally: discharge-ashes.
-oesevh vta. name s.o. that is, give a name to someone, often during a name-giving ceremony. oeseveho. He named him. -oesevhho. (pronunciation of younger speakers). vaveto ntsa'vataehne'enhe tsxhe'ahto nhe'xvva ts'-oesevhanto. I don't know back then exactly at what age I was when I had a name ceremony. (1987:114). See: -no'evhe'tov named
for s.o..
-oesevon vai. jealous of husband. over another woman. -oesevona. She's jealous of her husband
over another woman. Feminine: -nv. See: -sevon.
-oest
m. instantly; with rapid motion; with quick action. See: oese-; s'hove-; s'ea'e. Nhe'khe'onoesthno. I pricked his hand (instantly). 'e-oesta'xe stse'he. The shirt is drying (rapidly flapping?) in the wind. Nhe'e xhtoohketomhtnnvo vee'e 'hkevavoe-oesta'hatse. Then they tried to put up the tepee, it would blow back down. [1987:30] E hohe-oesthhoo'o! My! She really got hit bad! [Croft 1988:30:17] ho'-oesta'xe. He dashed up (to there). Nhom'oestose I'm really getting cold (more "emphatic" than nhomhtose).
-oest1 fai. wear a dress. -ma'osta. She's wearing a red dress. She has on a torn dress. -ne'ksta.
She has on a tight fitting dress. ka'-osta. She has on a short dress. 'om-osta. She has on a greasy dress. phv-osta. She has on a nice dress. IndepNoun: hoesttse. See: -he-voestove; voest2. .
-ost2 fii. hang. Neva o'xe hehp-osta. It's 4:30 p.m. (lit. four (and) a half it is already hanging past).
vai: -host2 hang.
-oesthtoneh vta. sacrifice s.o. N-oesthtonho I sacrificed him. vai: -oestn. estome na. chicken hawk.Pl: estmheo'o. Obviative: estmeho. -ostom'he
fai. character, personality. phv-ostomo'he. He has a nice personality. phvostom'hehe? Does he have a nice personality? nthv-ostomo'he. He is different/he has a
different kind of personality.
-ostn fai. read, count. phv-stne. He reads well. m't-stne. He graduated. vai: -hostn.
See: -oestn make an offering; -xe'stn write.
-oestn vai. make an offering. -oestne. He is making a prayer cloth offering. Mhse-oestnhevhe
hne taa'va. They made an offering again the other night. (1987:112). This kind of traditional offering involves use of prayer cloths, typically placed on bushes or similar objects. See: ostn count; oestono; -ma'henstn; -thetn; -estsnen. vta: -oestne'tov.
Oestn'e na. Sacrifice Woman. -oestne'tov vta. offer s.o., offer s.o. as an offering, sacrifice s.o. See: -oesthtoneh. -oestne'tovho
He sacrificed him. th-oestnenovo v'kseho He went to sacrifice birds ?? ksne noestne'tovonoto ma'heo'o I sacrificed a sheep to God. N-oestne'tovahtse ma'heo'o I sacrificed myself to God. N-oestnentse ksa. I sacrificed the sheep. ??
oestnesttse
na. offering piece, sacrifice piece. for example, cloth or food. See: oestono. mthsen'otshhetsenothe oestnstoto 'xovhtva She went after some more sacrifices (material) in Billings (1987:110).Pl: oestnstoto. Obviative: oestnstoto.
oestoo'o na. prayer cloth.Pl: oestono. oestonvstoo'o -estonvoem

ni. Oblique: oestonvstonhva (perhaps also oestonvstva).altar.Literally: fixed like a prayer cloth. Notes (Phonology) vs vta. regard s.o. as a sacrifice. '-estonvoeme Vo'stanvstmanhe The Savior (Jesus) was regarded as a sacrifice.
oestono na. sacred cloths, prayer cloths. These ceremonial pieces of cloth can be anchored on the
ground by four rocks. Or they can be placed on trees. There has to be at least four of them. They are a kind of offering to symbolize a prayer request. They come across as something like appeasement to the gods. At a gravesite the following four colors of prayer flags were observed: white, black, green, and red. See: hooh'o. vai: -oestn; Singular: oestoo'o.
oestontse
ni. sacrifices. The animacy of the object sacrificed determines whether the spelling oestono or oestontse will be used.
-oestos vai. be shawlless. -oestse. She doesn't have a shawl on. See: -oestsohts.
-oestovan vti. vta. double s.t./s.o. ?? -oestovna He doubled it/he 'put up a storm window'. -ee vai. alight; land. -e. He (esp. a bird) landed. -ene. They landed. ne'-e. He landed (for
instance, at the airport, coming home, toward the speaker). A'e nenveto nxho'e-eenasstse nhe ma'xev'kso. In a little while that big bird arrived and landed. [VISION.TXT] vta: -e'tov. See: -oee.
-oee vai. be in water. -oe. He is in water. vii: -oeh. See: -ov; -ome; -ee. Etymology: *akwincinwa. eevai. already. Non-contracted: e-. Ksovhe, ts'hkevheeto me'ehetmeto, nme'vavho'oee. Young man, all the things you've said to me are just so much B.S., you
might just throw me away. (a song recorded by Grinnell).
oeva obl. daily. Antonym: tota'va. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: eva. -e'tov fta. alight on s.o., land on s.o. -e'tovho. It (animate) landed on him. Nstxe-e'tova
ma'xev'kso. A big bird will land on you. [VISION.TXT] fai: -ee. See: -eem.
-oem vta. disparage s.o., speak negatively about s.o. difficult to translate; not as intense as -oo'hem.
-oemho. He disparaged him. See: -eem; -oo'hem; -ooxhevoo'e.
-eem vta. throw .o. with landing; throw down s.o. -eemho. He threw him down and he landed.
vii: -oeh. See: -oem; -seeem; -ehahts; -anha'ham.
-oeeme vii. vai. spill; be shed ?? -oeeme It (or he?) was spilled/it was shed (for example, blood) ?? -oenot
vta. convince; coax s.o. -oenotho. He convinced him. See: -enot; -enxvaen; vonhsem.
-eeoesem vta. tell off s.o. -eeoesemho. He told him off. See: -v'hot. -evaen fta. place s.o. quickly. Ntomse-vno. I stood him up. -oeve'xan vai. have trachoma; pink eye; sore eyes. -oeve'xne He has sore eyes/trachoma/pink
eye.
oekse
na. dog. See: htame. Diminutive: oekshso; Simplified Spelling: oishkis.Variant: oekso. Pl: oekseho. Obviative: oekseho.
-oekshm'ha vii. smell of dog. -oekshm'ha. It smells of dog. See: -ma'h. oekshso
na. puppy; diminutive: oekse.
doggie;
little
dog.Pl: oekshesono.
Obviative: oekshesono;
Non-
-oekshevatam vta. regard s.o. as a dog. a strong putdown. -oekshevatamho. He regards him as
a dog.
-oeksheve vai. be a dog. can be used as a figurative expression about someone who is treatly badly;
this meaning is probably borrowed from English. sa'-oekshvhe. He's not a dog.
-oekshevoem
vta. regard s.o. as being like a dog. a severe putdown. Usage: neologism. oekshevoemho. He regards him as being like a dog (a real putdown). N-oekshevoemtse!
You dog!
oekso na. dog.Variant: oekse. Pl: oekseho. Obviative: oekseho. AltPl = oeksono (also var. obv.; less
common for pl. and obv. than oekseho) newer term than htame. dog is used in the Sun Dance ceremony. See: htame; xamaeoekso. na-oekshame my dog. Oekso mxhxasto nevntse he'poo'o! When a dog urinates against your tent just smoke! (instruction to a new chief,
meaning "When someone does something bad to you, even as bad as stealing your wife, stay calm.").
-oekve'xan
vai. have tracoma; pink eye; sore eyes. -oekve'xne He has tracoma.Variant: oeve'xan.
-oekvematsn vai. have scabby eyes. See: -oeve'xan. -oekvematsne He has scabby eyes. -okseesvo'khan vai. wear pointed shoes. -okseesvo'khna He has on pointed shoes. -okse'est vai. pointed ears. See: -kos. -okse'sta He has pointed ears. Notes (Phonology) redup -okseoxa'ohe vai. have a beaded tepee design. -okseoxa'hnstse They are beaded with a tepee
design. some Cheyenne men's moccasin designs are tepee, deer, bird including eagle.
-okshthn vai. make a pointed design. -okshthne He's making a pointed design.
-eta'x vti. slit s.t. -et'xa He slit it (for example, with a knife). -eta'xan vai. have slit eyes. esp. of an Oriental person. -eta'xane He has slit eyes (for example,
Oriental person) ??
-etsetan vai. worry. -tstno. He is worried. N-tstno. I'm worried. Nv'e-tstno! Don't be
anxious! ht-etsetantonhtse nohkev'hhnovetanontse ma'heo'o. Whenever I am troubled, God encourages me. Reduplicated: -otsetan.
-etsetanh vta. pester s.o., bother s.o. -etsetanhho. He pestered him. -etsetanh'e hestnaho.
His daughter begged him. See: -m'emo'eh.
-etsetanm vta. pester s.o. by speaking. for example, when a child keeps begging for something over
and over. -etsetanmho. He pestered him by speaking.
-etsetann vta. worry s.o. See: -etsetanh. sahne'enhnvo tsohkhee-etsetannatse They don't
know how they worry us (BERTHA.TXT).
-etsetanna'ov
vta. bother; trouble s.o. hov'he ohke-etsetanna'oo'e something bothers him
(1980:80:14).
etsetannave- pv. anxiously; worriedly; troubled. Nv'e-etsetannavevo'stanhvme Don't (pl) live

anxiously!
-etsetannave-estse vai. complain; speak in a troubled fashion. See: -estse. -etsetannavestse

He complained/he spoke in a troubled fashion.
etsetannavo'omenhesttse ni. agony; trouble. Usage: neologism or artificial?. -etsetanots'tov

vta. be disappointed in; anxious about s.o. Nma'xe-etsetanots'tvo I'm disappointed in him.
-etsetanso'h vai. pester, annoy. -etsetans'he. He pestered. -etsetanov vta. bother s.o.; trouble s.o. -etsetanovho ?[ He bothered him/he troubled him. See: etsetanna'ov; -me'emo'eh.
ov- i. scabby. from scabies, English spelling "scabby" commonly used on reservation. -ovahtsen vai. have scabby lips. -ovhtse He has sore/scabby lips. -oeve vai. have mange; have scabies. -oeve He has scabies/he has mange. ove- pv. scabby. colloquially, the English adjective referring to having scabies is spelled "scabby"
among Cheyennes, for example, Birney people are referred to as Scabby People. Ovemanhno Birney (lit. scabby-place). ovhtame scabby dog.
-ovhe'on vai. have scabby hands. -ovhe'na He has scabby hands. ovheseo'tse ni. scabby medicine. -ove'xan vai. have scabby eyes. See: -oekve'xan. -ove'xne He has scabby eyes. Ovemana na. Scabby, Birney person. See: Ovta. Ovemanhno
ni. ma'ho'a''ta.
Birney, Montana; Watonga, Okla.Literally: scabby-band-place. See: Tsh-
Ovemanaho na. Birney people. Ovem's'e na. Scabby Calf. a nickname for one of several men named M's'e. -ovn vai. have a scabby face. -ovne He has a scabby face. -oveht vai. Medial: -ht.have scabby leg(s). -ovehta his leg is scabby. -oveotse vai. have mange; become scabby. scabby is colloquialism for the disease of scabies; it does
not refer to having scabs. -oveotse. He has mange.
Ovta na. Scabby. See: Ovemana. -exanen

vai. prepare; get ready. Notes (Phonology) redup not used with sg. subjects. Nhe'e 'osanxae-exanenhoono nhe hetaneo'o. then those men got ready. Non-reduplicated: -xanen.
-h voice. passive suffix for TA verb stems ending in -ov or -ev with unspecified subjects and third
person semantic objects. vovstom-heo'o They were taught. See: -an; -e; -n.
oh- pv. conjunct preverb. Nhthve'hoeots'ta (mheo'o) tsohvhpene'h'ta I went (down) to look at
(the cabin), it was vacant (1987:30). tsohne'ameohtsse hetane a man was approaching (1980:68:6). Usage: obsolescing (cf. 1987:34:fn. 21).
oh- pv. unsuccessful, try, frustrated. Notes (Phonology) allomorph ox- before /h/; oht- before a vowel; xhwith past tense often combines with following to'se-, for meaning of 'was going to (but was unsuccessful at)'. See: htse-; onse-; e'tse-?. -ohto'se'ht'ne. He almost said the wrong thing. -ohnhestamho. He thought it was him (but it wasn't). N-ohtaonset'hvmo I almost stopped him (by speech) (I was unsuccessful at trying to stop him). -ohto'senmne He was going to sing (but it didn't work out). N-oxhoonto I unsuccessfully warned him/I tried (but failed) to warn him. N-ohthehoonto I unsuccessfully warned him. x-htanhevone They tried to say the same thing (1987:30). -ohtamenovetho nhe hetanevo'ho He tried to have a contest with that Arapaho (1987:149). nhe'xvva -ohtseto'st'h'thnovo at that time they almost beat him (1987:150). mx-htoohkema'xemhnhevhe They would hunt
and hunt (unsuccessfully) (1987:261).
h-
pfx. whenever; iterative (conjunct prefix). See: h'-. Notes (Phonology) allomorphs oht- when vowel follows; other allomorphs: x-, s-, etc. many proper name participles take this prefix. hnevaestse Swift. ht-ame'hooestse Flying. sssa'xstse Plunging Into the Enemy. xhot'htse Looks Behind. hmhoestse Beloved (translation of Biblical name David). hne'na (h)to'shoo'khoo'stse He knows whenever it's going to rain. xho'sestovetsee'stse whenever there is dancing. ssamshstovhanhetsee'stse whenever there is not eating. mstaohkenehevhe h-taneotstsesstse heke They would stop when(ever) her mother would have a contraction (1987:26). ohksa'vhne'enhehane tsvhevstove hemaa'e h-ta-v'hestanee'stse you don't know what you are doing, too much if you take it (drink) (1987:56). stt'ke ohkeenmne h-tse'enasstse hvona'tsee'stse Pine used to sing
when he awakened in the morning (1987:181).
-oh fti. by tool. Npo'-ha I broke it off (with some tool). Etymology: *-ah. fta: -oh(n). oh- pv. even though. Notes (Phonology) allomorph ox- before /h/ ts-ohphva'e nsaho'hhe I don't want
this even though it is good. ts-oxheephva'e nsaho'hhe I don't want this even though it is good. tseta-oxhevsheotshaeheho ntxv'h'e (BELONG HERE?) the soldiers might take her out (1987:57). Nsaaphvhne'enhe tshsenstsesttse n-ohknometshsenestse I don't know well the Cheyenne language, even though I talk Cheyenne (1987:237). See: knome-; vhtome-.
oha
p. but, only, except. often occurs in naa oha sequence. See: m't'e; nthtse; ne-. Oha tatshe'ohtsstse hohtvamhene! You MUST go to the store! Oha ntshsenststno. I want to speak only Cheyenne. oha na'stse only one. Naa htsetseha oha no'ka ntavho'ehtse. And now I've only been there once. [1987:17] tavhne'enovho tsohkhesthetsse naa oha ohkensta'omv'ne. She remembered what they were called but she was pronouncing the old language. [1987:15] Notes (Phonology) contracts or cliticizes to oa in general speaking
-oh'e vai. arise; get up. for example, to move from sitting to standing position. -oh'e. He arose/got
up. Oh'stse! Get up! Oh'e! Get up (said to more than one person)! used with preverb vafor 'arise (as in Christ's resurrection)' in missionized Cheyenne borrowed from English; a more natural Cheyenne word would be -va-ametann 'return to life'. Notes (Phonology) vs See: oheta'; -nhove'e; -to'; -to'otse. Etymology: *pasekwiiwa.
ohe- pv. very much. contraction of hohe-. Ohama'henee Easter.Literally: arise-sacred-day. Usage: not commonly used. -ohaeotse vai. spring up; jump up. -ohaeotse. He sprang/jumped up. See: -ohaa'e. -ohaeka'a'xe vai. jump up. -ohaeka'a'xe He jumped up. Usage: natural, or maybe loan transl. from
Engl.?.
-ohata' vai. arise fast, get up fast. from sitting position. -oht'o. (pitches ??) He got up fast. Naa
nhe mst'nhe-ohata'hhe nhe tsstaonnxhemoese. So this (lawyer) got up and left as soon as he was paid by him. [1987:183] See: -ohaa'e.
-ohatan vta. raise s.o. (that is, cause s.o. to arise). See: -he'aman. -ohatanho He raised him up.
ma'heo'o nva-ohatana God raised me up (for example, when I was discouraged, fallen, or
backslidden).
-ha' vii. swollen. -h'o. It's swollen. sa'ha'hane navee'se. My tooth is not infected.
vai. h'o namo'ko. My finger (an.) is infected. hmaxe-h'o. He was really swollen (from dropsy). (1987:195). Synonym: -pha'.
ohas- i. shine. hse p. also.Variant: hse; hso. See: mto; naa; aose. -ohas vii. on fire, burn. -ohse. It is on fire. fii: -as. See: -ohase'e; -ohashen; -xo'as. -ohashen vai. polish. -ohashne. He's polishing. -ohas'h vii. shine. -ohas'ha. It is shining. vti: -ohas'hahts; vai: -ohase'e. See: -ohasvoome; -ohas. -ohas'hahts vti. shine s.t. -ohas'hhtse. He is shining it. vii: -ohas'h. -ohase'e vai. sparkle; shine; shimmer; glitter. for example, of snow or the sun.Variant: -ohae'e. ohase'e. He is sparkling. -ohase'e hsta'se. The snow is sparkling. N-ohase'e. I'm shimmering (for example, with my shiny coat). See: -v'ho'ke'e; -v'ho'kse'h.
-ohasn vti. vta. shine; polish s.t./s.o. -ohasna He shined/polished it. -ohasotse vii. catch on fire. -ohasotse. It caught on fire.
vai. See: -xo'sotse.
-ohasveata vai. have a sheen; shine. -ohasveata. He has a sheen (for example, silk cloth). -ohasve'htan vai. shiny forehead. -ohasve'htne. He has a shiny forehead. -ohasvn vai. shiny face. -ohasvne. He has a shiny face. -ohasvenno'e vii. look shiny, shiny look. -ohasvenno'e. It looks shiny. fii: -nno'e. -ohasvenohe vai. shine in appearance. -ohasvenohe. He has a shiny face (or appearance). -ohasveotse
vii. vai. turn shiny. -ohasveotse. It/He turned shiny. for example, of a ring that is
cleaned.
-ohasvsan vai. dress in shiny clothes. -ohasvsne. He is dressed in shiny clothes. fai: -san2. ohasvetohko ni. shiny pot (for example, of stainless steel). See: hetohko. ohasvoestato ni. (silver) concho belt. See: hoestto.Literally: shiny-belt. Pl: ohasvoesttnstse. -ohasvoome vii. be clear liquid. -ohasvoome. It is clear liquid. See: -om; -toome; -ohas'h. -ohae'e vai. sparkle, shine, shimmer. for example, of snow or the sun. -ohae'e. He is sparkling. oha'eo'o. They are sparkling.Variant: -ohase'e. vii: -ohase'h.
hatoo'se p. that's it. difficult to translate; can have the idea of "You found out; I told you it would be
that way!". See: oha. Naa nnev'nemtaa'e hatoo'se. And he just gave it to me, that's it. (1987:167).Variant: hatoo'se.
-ohe fai. urgently; hurriedly. Nto'senheve-ohe I'm gonna do it with urgency/hurriedly (cf. -hev). -ohe fai. move; go. amem-ohe He ran. ase-ohe He ran away ?? ho'e-ohe He arrived. can be suffixed
to a full verb, changing the viewpoint of the verb, esp. of its motion, perhaps slowing (??) the action of the verb, for example. See: -ohts; -ehn; -a'xe; -o'hotse. xho'a'has'he-ohe He rode up on horseback.
-heotse vii. -heotse. It swelled.

vai. swell.
ohke- pv. habitually, regularly. Often translated as 'always' but m'stse is the most accurate way to say 'always'
in Cheyenne. Ohke-phvem'sthtse! Try to tell it right! N-ohkemshtno. I like to eat. ohkhomse. She is a cook. -ohksanhnetamhe. He never gives up. ohksamhovotse'hhe. He never gets tired of work. -ohkho'ahe. He likes it (lit. regularly wants it). Reduplicated: ohke-. See: hetse-; m'stse.
-hkha'e fni. cap. ass-ohkha'e stocking cap ?? a'khkha'e cap (short-hat) ?? IndepNoun: hhkha'e. h-mseestse vai. 1 Northern Cheyenne person.Literally: eater. can be a proper name for a person
(1987:170) as well as a tribal label; the plural of this term, often with the addition of the preverb for 'north', Notamohmshese, is the term used when a distinction is desired to refer
those Cheyennes who preferred the northern part of the Plains area where the Cheyenne bands roamed; the group usually contrasted when such a distinction is made are the Hevhetaneo'o, which is now used for Cheyennes who live in Oklahoma. This term seems to be used mostly by Cheyennes in Oklahoma for their fellow tribes people in Montana. See: -tshstahe. AltPl = NotamohmshesePl: hmshese. 2 Eater.
hmseestse vai. Northern Cheyenne person.Literally: eater. The word-initial oh- is a conjunct prefix;
it is commonly used on proper names and on other conjunct verbs referring to action which takes place habitually; when the prefix is used on conjunct participles, the participle acts much like a regular noun; note that some of the following entries, for example, hmsh'kso 'young Northern Cheyenne girl', even inflect like nouns (in this case, taking the noun diminutive suffix /-s/), not as the usual conjunct participles, which take conjunct (of the participle subclass) inflection. see discussion under -mseestse.Variant: Notamohmseestse. Pl: hmshese. Some popular spellings for the pl. have been Ohmeses or Ohmisis or some may even prefer to underdifferentiate the first syllable and spell the word as Omisis. Each of these spellings does not allow one to tell that the first /s/ of the word is aspirated (because the root for 'eat' actually contains three phonemic syllables, -msehe), but the popular spellings are acceptable for most non-technical writing and have the advantage of being easier to typeset and easier for the person who is not well-versed in the modern linguistic means of expressing aspirated ("complex") syllables of Cheyenne, an important part of the sound system of the language, but a feature which is so different from English literacy which most readers of Cheyenne are more familiar with. A common folk etymology given is that this historical Cheyenne band was called "Eaters" because they had plenty to eat, especially of buffalo. It may be that this etymology arose especially after half of the Cheyenne people took up residence in Oklahoma and they looked upon Cheyennes to the north as having access to the buffalo, which they, in the south, did not have. See: hmshno; -msehe eat. AltPl = Notamohmshese
h-msh'e na. 1 Northern Cheyenne woman.Variant: Msh'e.

2 Northern Cheyenne Woman. both a common and proper name.
hmsh'e na. Northern Cheyenne Woman.Variant: Msh'e. both a common and proper name. hmsh'kso na. young Northern Cheyenne girl.Pl: hmsh'ksono. hmshno ni. Final: -n.Northern Cheyenne country. h-mshno ni. Northern Cheyenne country. hmshsne na. young Northern Cheyenne boy ? the pl. can refer to young Northern Cheyenne
children, which can be a mixed group made up of both boys and girls. Pl: hmshsoneho.
-oh(n) fta. by tool (or instrument). Etymology: *-ehwekwa 'he-(me/you) (by tool)' > Ch /-ohe/ (Go88).
etymological note: This entry illustrates that Cheyenne /n/ can reflect an original PA *w. This straightforward statement is oversimplified and the reader should consult a more accurate discussion of the processes whereby the PA semivowels w and y are frequently ultimately reflected by Ch. /n/ (I. Goddard. 1988. Pre-Cheyenne y. In In Honor of Mary Haas. Berlin: Mouton.) Some other examples: notse /nte/ 'alien' < pwa:0a 'Sioux'. Note the alternation between /'h/ and /'n/ in forms containing the stem 'three' (or 'eight' which is based on the stem for 'three'): na'he 'three of' < *ne'0wi vs. na'nohto 'eight of' < *ne'0wa:tah0wi. The Cheyenne /n/ appears, reflecting the affected PA w, when the /n/ is followed by a back vowel /o/. (See etymological discussion under entry ne- 'second person possessor'.). fti: -oh. Npo'-hno I broke him off by tool. Npo'-ohe. You broke me off by tool. Npo'-ohe He broke me off by tool.
hne-
pv. in ornery fashion; adversely. -hnenheve. He did it in an ornery fashion. ohkehnenhevoo'o. He never has anything good to say. tsstsa'e'-hneestssthhvse when they are not talked roughly (ornery) to. [1987:227] See: -tvahe.
h-nhovaestse vai. Stands. hnevaestse vai. Swift.Variant: Nevaestse. -hnetavo'etahe vai. sabotage; oppose. -hnetavo'etahe. He opposed/sabotaged. -hnetsest vti. oppose s.t., be against s.t. ts'the ts-hnetsstose These (people) who were against it.
[SHOWUS.TXT]
vta: -hnetsstov.
hnetssth'h'o na. foe; adversary. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: hnetssth'heono. hnetssthesttse ni. antagonism; enmity. -hnetsstsan vai. hold a grudge; oppose people. -hetsstsne He holds grudges. -hnetsstsen
vai. hold a grudge; oppose people. Mho'ntaveva-hnetsstsnstse. He doesn't hold grudges. (1987:232).
hnetsstsenesttse ni. grudge, enmity, bad feelings between parties, antagonism. -hnetsstov vta. have grudge against s.o., oppose s.o.; be against s.o.; be on outs with s.o. Typically
the break in relationship means the parties are not on speaking terms; the condition can be mended, and the reconciliation symbolized, with a handshake. -hnetsstovho. He opposes him. See: -nstam.
-ohohts
fai. tracks. hest-hhtse. His tracks lead out (from somewhere, for example, from the forest).Variant: -hohts. Ens-hom'heo'o. They both danced. Hemmaa'v-hom'hesttse War Bonnet Dance. Nxho'homo'hstse! Come dance! nhp-hom'hso burrowing owl. vai: -ho'soo'e.
-ohom'he fai. dance. phv-homo'he. He danced well. nhtv-homo'he. He knows how to dance.
-ohn fai. sign, use hand motions. v-hne. He signed. onst-hne. He's faking out by handgame
motions. veam-hne. He's a good handgame guesser/he guesses right every time. vovhphne. He missed everything (in handgame guessing). fta: -ohov.
-ohoo'e fai. wade, swim. swimming of fish, ducks, beavers, snakes, etc.; wading of people. am-hoo'e.
He waded/swam along. phv-hoeo'o. They are swimming nicely. hxov-hoeo'o. They (for example, children) are wading across. Tsa'e tnet-hoo'e? Which way (direction) is he swimming? ns-hoeo'o. They are both wading (cf. nhoeo'o 'they are both sitting there'). n-hoo'e. He stopped swimming. st-hoo'e. He swam into. onv-hoo'e. He waded ashore. s'-hoo'e. He waded into the water. nhm'-hoo'e. He appeared swimming/wading. tata'hoo'e. He waded out of sight. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -amet'hon; -t'hon; -too'hame; hoo'e; amhomhtsesttse.
-ohot fta. gift; charismatize. Nphv-hota Ma'heo'o. God gave you a good gift. See: -nhethot. -ohov fta. sign to s.o., motion to s.o. can refer to talking in Plains Indian sign language. N'v-hvo.
I signed to him. (1987:179). t'h-ohovho. He motioned him to stop. Nhnhet-hvo. I signed that way to him. (1987:179). Naset-hvo. I motioned him to leave. Nhoenav-hvo. I motioned to him to pray. Tatshet-hovenano! Wave at them (an.)! fai: -ohn. Notes (Phonology) has -vhov allomorph See: -naesets; -onsthn; -amhn.
-ohos mbp. penis. -mtsev-hse. He has V.D. (lit. infected-penis). hoh-ohse. He has a very big
penis. h'st-hse. He has a long penis. he'kon-hose'e. He has an erect penis. See: ah vagina. IndepNoun: vtoo'tse.
-ohov fai. flee. ame-ohva. He fled. ase-ohovohe. He fled away/escaped. Etshe'-hva. He ran
there. Etne'-hva? Where did he escape to? xhe-ohovohesstse xaevo'stane. The Indian ran out. [1980:41:10] See: -o'hotse; -mohe.
ht- pfx. conjunct prefix (used in conjunct verbs and proper names). htsehvosstse whenever they
left/whenever they moved camp. htameehvosstse whenever they moved. M'ks'e htameohtsstse Calf Walking. Notes (Phonology) allomorph of oh- when vowel follows
-oht
sfx. TA conjunct ending for second person subject acting on third person object. See: /-o/. tsvstoem-htse your spouse (lit. the one whom you sit with). Etymology: *-at.
-oht1 mbp. abdomen; stomach; intestines. This seems to be the inside of the stomach while -as refers
to the outside of the stomach. ?? '-hta. He is constipated (lit. dry-bowels). nx-hthtse. He has pain in the abdomen (gut/stomach)/bellyache. hest-htotse. He has cramps in his abdomen. mom-hthta. He has diarrhea (lit. moving-bowels). pa'-htotse. He had a gall bladder attack (lit. lump in intestines). Homonym: -oht2 cold. See: -tone belly; -as belly.
-ht1 fti. by mouth. Npo'-hta. I broke it off with my mouth (or teeth). Nsapo'-hthe. I did not
break it off by mouth. vhk-hta. He bent it by mouth. nn-hta. He sucked on it. Notes
(Phonology) This entry consists of the final -ht 'by mouth' + TI Object Agreement Marker -. Homonym: -ht2 leg (medial). See: -oht1 abdomen; -oht2 cold.
-oht2
fii. cold. he'kon-hta. It is frozen. -ma'omvhta. It is icy/there is a layer of ice on top. sama'omv-hthane. It is not icy. tonova'om-hta. It (for example, river ice) is thick. fai = ose Homonym: -oht1 abdomen (medial). See: -ht1 by mouth; -ht2 leg (medial). mbp. leg. hesthe-hthe centipede (lit. many-legged-one). ke-htxe. He bumped his leg.Variant: -(hk)ht. See: -haht; -he'konam. Homonym: -ht1 by mouth. Etymology: cf.
-ht2
*mexka:ci (M.).
-ht fti. by mouth. po'hta. He broke it off with his mouth. fta: -om. See: -otht. Etymology: *-ant. ohtaen- i. overnight. ohke-ohtaenoovhoosemnstse. They (for example, berries) are soaked overnight.
See: von-.
-ohtaene
vai. overnight. -ohtaene. He stayed overnight. Kmhe htsetseha ohksavovhponeva=nh=htaenheo'o. at least now it isn't compulsory that they stay in the dormitory (1987:192). ts'hke-ohtaenevhtse mxe'stnheo'o dormitory (lit. where students stay overnight). See: -ene; -eno'e.
htaenheo'o ni. dormitory. htaenmh'o ni. hotel, motel.Literally: overnight-house. Locative: htaenmhne. -ohth m. design. combines with the equative final /-()ve/ in a number of forms, often referring to
moccasin designs. het-htheve It/he is so colored. tnet-htheve What kind of design does it/he have? phv-htheve It has a nice design. hev-htheve It has a yellow design. hothke-vhthvnstse They (an. or inan.) have a star design. Notes (Phonology) if the initial preceding the resultant /-ohtah-ve/ sequence ends in a vowel, /v/ is added before this medial: combines with the abstract AI final /-n/ as in: hothk-hthne He's making a star design. okshthne He's making a pointed design. pe'pe'-hthneo'o. They (esp. Siouxs) use conglomeration designs. See: -hohth; -oxa'ohe.
htame'hooestse vai. Flying.Variant: Ame'hooestse. ht-ame'hooestse vai. Flying. ht-amevonhnstse vai. Crawler. htamevonhnstse vai. Crawler.Variant: Amevonhnstse. htane'emaxstse vai. Shot At. ohto'sepv. almost (but unsuccessfully not). See: ohta-; to'ease-; -to'st'-; to'se-. N-ohto'shovnee'e
I almost died. -ohto'sehvanahe He almost didn't do it. Notes (Phonology) oh- + to'se-
ht-oveotsstse vai. Shaking, Shaker. This is shaking as a horse or dog might do to shed water.
See: -oveotse.
ohtv fai. fti. sell, buy. vai: -hohtv. nhtva. He stopped selling. m't-htva. He spent all his
money / he finished shopping. von-htva He sold all night.
ohtva(e)- ??
pv. persistent(ly); keep on. ho'ntae-ohtva=ta'se='ehahetanovhtse naa mto mxho'ntave-ohtvaehohatamaahetanovhtse They did not keep acting mean and also they did not keep acting tough (1987:54). See: hohtov-.
htovveto p. persistent. LF: It should be done this way. ohtove- pv. in spite of. Nstseohtovhne'ennvo. You (pl) will find it out (in spite of something).
(1987:14).
-ohts fai. fii. process. may be related to -ohts 'go (AI final)'. This final refers to a relatively slow,
gradual process, while -otse refers to quicker action. oo'xehtse (cf. oo'xeotse 'it is cracked' or 'it has become cracked') it's cracking.
-ohts
fai. go. one of several AI movement finals; see discussion under -ehn. ame-htse. He walked/he went. See: -ohe; -ehn; -o'hotse; -a'xe. Etymology: *-pahto: run (suffix).
-hts fti. Conjunct suffix for 3rd person singular subject and inanimate object. Variant: -3. tsvhthtse
what he saw (variant of tsvhto).
htsmh'e na. (woman's name). h-tsmh'e (woman's name).
-ohtshahe vai. be a beggar. See: -etsetanh. -ohtshahe He is a beggar. -ohtsvtan vai. be in love; fall in=love. See: -mhsan; -m'oo'o. -ohtsvtno He is in love/he fell
in love.
h-tsvathn'e Dusty Walking Woman. -ohtsvt

vta. give bride gifts for s.o.; fall in love with s.o. It has been strongly emphasized that, contrary to some misunderstanding of this custom, as written in the literature, this is not the same as a "bride price"; the girl is not "bought". The favor of the family was attempted to be obtained through presentation of the bride gifts. The permission to marry the girl was given by her brothers; the girl had no say in the matter. It brought disgrace on the family if the girl refused to comply. Horses were especially given as bride gifts. The horses were tied up outside a distance away. If the brothers did not approve of their sister's suitor, they would not even go outside. After a reasonable amount of time, the suitor understands the rejection and takes his horses back. -ohtsvoto. He gave "bride gifts" to her family get permission to marry her. ohtsvtho. (said by younger speakers). -ohtsvohe. She was courted with bride gifts. (This can refer to the parents of the young man coming to ask for the young woman, to marry their son.). Usage: Occasional modern usage for 'fall in love with s.o.' is semantically derived and does not reflect the precise original meaning. Some speakers do not accept this modern usage of the term..
ohte- pv. regularly; habitually. N-ohtevhetshhta'hova tshhe tsvhso vo'stanhevesttse He

used to tell me about life around. Usage: old male pronunciation of ohke-.
h-v'- pv. when(ever); if (conjunct preverb sequence). See: v'-; mh-v'-; oh-. hv'nha'envosstse
whenever they (for example, the soldiers) caught them (...for example, they would then put them in prison). ohksa'vhne'enhehane tsvhevstove hemaa'e h-ta-v'hestanee'stse you don't know what you are doing, too much if you take it (drink) (1987:56).
h-v'komaestse vai. White. kohke

na. crow. Holliman Spelling: ogo ki.Pl: khkeo'o. AltPl = khkeho Obviative: khkho. Etymology: *ka:ka:kiwa. Notes (Phonology) hpo: High Push-Over is a process in which a phonemic high pitch is realized as a low pitch if it is preceded by a high and followed by a phonetic low. This is like a row of dominoes standing up in which the first domino remains standing but pushes over all dominoes standing next to it. High pitches on certain prefixes and preverbs do not trigger HPO. Some other examples of HPO are: n-hoenama /n-hnma/ 'we (incl.) prayed'; n-mhotone /n-mhtne/ 'we (incl.) love him'; -phvatamno'e /-pehvtamano'e/ (with iah) 'it's a nice environment, pretty countryside'. This rule applies iteratively, until there are no other high pitches to push over. Notes (Phonology) cf. contracted form /e-/ in oetane 'Crow' khkeo'o ohketshsenstseo'o. Crows
(birds) talk Cheyenne. [1979:205]
kohke hn'stse vai. Crow Stands. kohke hv'omaestse vai. White Crow. khkho'sta na. Firecrow. See: ho'sta. khkema'evoneo'h'e ni. Crow Bill River. near Sweet Water. khkemseestse vai. Crow Eater. khkeo'o hnese vai. Two Crows. khkso na. Little Crow. khkeveho na. Crow Chief. khkev'omaestse vai. White Crow. khkevo'xnhe na. Humped Nose Crow. kohte na. crow. Usage: old male palatalized pronunciation.Variant: kohke. Pl: khteo'o. okom
na. 1 coyote. okom (or, okome) is a simplified spelling. The precise spelling is 'khme but it is difficult to read. Precise Spelling: 'khme. 2 Coyote. 3 conniver, sly person. Usage: fig..
-' m. go by rolling. Probably at one time referred mostly to transportation by wagon, but has been
extended to transportation by other vehicles where there is rolling action of wheels. See: -'(e); ahk'-. am-'a'vahtse He went by bicycle (or tricycle) (lit. he-along-roll-by.body-TRANSREFL) ?? Notes (Phonology) spelled as -' if the following final begins with /a/; otherwise, spelled as 'e
'- i. dry. '- pv. just for that, actually. sa-'-nheshane. It's not exactly that way. sa'-'taenhhe Mots'eeve.
Sweet Medicine didn't exactly say that. (1987:10). See: t'-; tae-.
-'aeho't vai. dry and hot. -'aeh'ta. It (esp. weather) is dry and hot. See: -haeho't. -'h'ene vai. cook dry. -'h'ne. She cooks food dry. -'ahe vai. dry. -'ahe. He is dry. See: -'eotse. -o'hotse fai. drive fast, go rapidly, run. am-o'hotse. He ran by. ho'-o'hotse. He arrived there
running. hxov-o'hotse. He ran across. hoht-o'hotse. He ran home. onv-o'hotse. He ran ashore / out of the water. if the initial ends in a vowel, that vowel is is retained and the initial /o/ of this final is deleted: he-'hotse. He ran out. See: -ehn; -mohe; -ohts; -ohov; ohe.
-'ho'he vai. cooked dry. -'ho'he. He is cooked dry. -'ho'h(n) vta. dry s.o. by heat. See: -'oh(n). N-'h'no I dry him (with heat). [Croft] -'h'ta vii. cooked dry. -'h'ta. It's cooked dry. for example, a roast that cooked too long. -'ahtse vai. have dry mouth. -'htse. He has a dry parched mouth. for example, from severe thirst.
Medial: -ahtsen.
-'htsenotse vai. dry mouth, very thirsty. N-'htsenotse. I have a dry mouth. BodyPartMedial: htsen.
o'a'- i. sharp. See: kos-. -o'a'otse vai. turn head. -o'a'otse. He turned his (own) head. -o'a'e vai. lie facing the wall. -o'a'e. He is lying facing the wall. -'a'eta vai. 1 sharp. -'a'eta. He is sharp.
2 fig., be mentally acute, alert. This figurative usage is probably a loan transl. from English. s'e-'a'eta. He's still sharp. (for example, he's not dull in mind yet). vii: -'a'.
-'a'h fii. by wind. ast-''ha. It was blown away by the wind. he'am-''ha. It flew up in the wind.
fai: -'a'xe2.
-'a'hahts vti. dry s.t. by shaking. for example, flapping it in the breeze. -'a'hhtse He's drying it by
shaking it.
-'a'hasen vai. dry (esp. to dry clothes). -'a'hasne She's drying clothes (by machine; lit. drying by
shaking/throwing).
'a'hasenesttse ni. clothes dryer.Variant: 'a'hesenesttse. See: 's'o.Variant: 'a'has'o. 'a'has'o ni. clothes dryer.Variant: 'a'hasenesttse. Pl: 'a'haseontse. 'a'hesenesttse ni. clothes dryer.Variant: 'a'hasenesttse. See: 's'o.Variant: 'a'haseo'o. -'a' vii. sharp. -''o. It's sharp (for example, a knife). vai: -'a'eta; Antonym: -nxahp. See: -ha'; kos; -hekov; -stov.
-'a'xe1 vai. dry in wind. for example, of something animate made from cloth, such as a shirt or a
towel.Literally: dry-by.wind. -'a'xe. He's drying on the clothesline.
-'a'xe2 fai. by wind. momht-o'a'xe. It (animate) is waving in the wind. ast-'a'xe. He was blown
away by the wind. fii: -'a'h.
-o'ame f. shoot. Nhe'e ts'the m'k'se sthe'am-o'amesstse hemahe Then this Ma'ko'se shot his
arrow into the air. (1987:308). See: -ho'ame; -ame.
-'an vti. vta. dry s.t./s.o. -'anho. He dried him.
-'an fai. say; utter; pronounce, articulate, speak. This refers to the mechanics (details) of speaking,
while -estse refers to the overall act of speaking. -'an can refer to pronunciation, but it can be broader than pronunciation, including the use of specific words. The final -nestse refers to speaking a particular language. phv-'ne. He said it correctly. Nm't-'ne. I have spoken everything (I had to say). satne-'anstovhane. It cannot be uttered. Nohksaon'smephvetshst-o'anhe. I truly do not pronounce Cheyenne well. ohksahetsev-'anhe. He's not afraid to say anything. See: -nestse speak a language; heve say; -nov; -estse speak.
-o'as fii. fire, burn, blaze, shine. ast-o'se. It (esp. forest fire or prairie fire) is burning/has started
burning. x-o'se. It is on fire/the fire is burning.Variant: -o'kas. See: -'tov; -as; -ohas. Etymology: cf. *-e0e:- burn, blaze (II final).
-'atamno'e vii. dry ground. -'atamno'e. It's dry ground / the ground is dry. -'(e)1
m. roll. esp. by wagon. at one time esp. referred to transportation by wagon, but has been extended to transportation by other vehicles where there is rolling action of wheels. v-'na. He rolled (on the ground). am-'hne. He went by wagon. am-'na. He hauled it by wagon. am'eneo'o wagon. momha'xv-o'ehtse He came on a galloping team. Nhet-'ena He hauled me over there (for example, by car). Notes (Phonology) spelled as -' if the following final begins with /a/ homen-'e elm. mn-''e chokecherry bush area. hohtsenheon-'e smoke flap poles. ho'otseon-'e willow backrest. p'ponheon-'e drumstick. vh-'e. He cut timber. ha'st'ohe He (tree or tuber) is tall. von-'ma He was lost in thick bushes. Etymology: *-a:xkw. See: -o'e; -'o'e; -'.
-'(e)2 m. wood; tree; bush. stt-'e pine tree. mt-'e (from /mot'e/) ash (tree) (imperm. antep. high).
o'e- pv. out; away (from home). -o'hmsehe. He picnicked. (lit. out-eat). See: -o'ehn. -' m. handle; gunstock. appears to refer to the handle of an implement, such as an axe, knife, or hoe,
or a shooting instrument which has a handle or gunstock ?? k'-'e pistol. ma'aatn-'e gun. ma'aatn-'kso .22 rifle. e'o'-o'e. ?? The handle is broken. e'o'evo'hhtse. He broke the handle of it. mo'htvoot-'eve. It has a black handle. seems to require morpheme-initial v- if the preceding morpheme ends in a vowel ??: nxhtsenv-'e double-barrel shotgun. nhpo'henv'e 30-30 rifle. no'khtsenv'e single-barrel shotgun. 'eetaemaahv'e shotgun. See: -o'e; -'(e); hoto'e; -oot'e.
-o'e m. vegetation; plant; grass; weed. he'kon-'stse buffalo grass (lit. hard-weeds). vn'stse sage.
mo''stse grass/weeds. fii: -o'. See: -'o'e; -'(e); -'. Etymology: *-akw grass (medial).
-o' fii. vegetation; plant; grass; weed. nan-'e. He's planting. Medial: -o'e. See: -'o'e; -'(e); -'. -'estoon
vai. have a dry throat. -'estona. His throat is dry. BodyPartMedial: -stoon. See: mo''eeston. stoon.
-'estoonotse vai. throat become dry. N-'estoonotse. My throat has gotten dry. BodyPartMedial: -o'etahe fai. perform a deed; do something; act. Nphv-o'etahe. You did a good thing (can function
as a way of saying 'thank you'). -hvsvo'etahe. He did something bad. ma'hen-o'etahe. He did something ceremonial (or magical).
-o'ev mbp. skin. See: ho'eve; vhtne. -nxo'evhtse He has pain in the skin. -mo'htvo'va
his skin is dark/black. vo'om-o'va He's light skinned. Nonethv-o'evama we (incl.) have different skins.
-'eh vii. lie drying. Mentse -'hnstse. The chokecherries are lying (there) drying out. vta: -'em. -'hane vai. dry eyes. -'hane. He has dry eyes. -'hahts vti. place s.t. to dry. -'hhtse. He placed it so it could dry. -'hahtsentse mentse.
She's making chokecherry patties. fti: -ehahts. See: -ova'kan.
-'hasen vai. lay something out to dry, dry laying out. that is, put something up to dry. -'hasne.
He hung things up to dry.
-'he'on vai. have dry hands. -'he'na ? He has dry hands.
-o'ehn vai. eliminate. urinated or had a bowel movement. Usage: This is a common euphemism for me'kahe; -xaa'e; etc.. This literally refers to going out back, out of people's view. -o'hne. He eliminated. th-o'hne. He went to eliminate. ma'xe-o'hne. He pooped a lot. See: -o'eohts; -me'kahe; -me'ahe; -mse'ahe; -mmstanme; -o'hntan; -xaa'e; -some.
o'hnmh'o
ni. toilet; bathroom; outhouse (can be for an indoor or outdoor toilet). Usage: euphemism. See: too'hammh'o.
o'hnesttse ni. commode. -o'hntan vai. defecate urge. -o'hntan. He wants to go to the bathroom. See: -mmsetan. -'e'eehe vai. vii. be decorated. -'e'eehe It (esp. tepee) is decorated (for example, with quills or dew
claws).
'e'eeseo'o ni. dew claw=ornament. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: 'e'eeseontse. -'em fai. be of a persuasion. See: -nthv'em. nhet-'ma He is of that persuasion (for example,
he is a peyote person). Relative Root: -het'em.
o'meko ni. saddlebag (used on horse). these are always used as a pair; one on either side of horse;
same method as with h'seontse 'par fleche'. can be used just as suitcases.Pl: o'mkontse.
o'mxo'eha ni. sole (of shoe or moccasin). See: mo'keha. ta'se nxaemese o'mxo'eha like I'm just
eating moccasin sole (idiom for 'This meat is tough.'). Nahkhe-o'mxo'eha Bear Sole.Pl: o'mxo'hantse.
-o'en vti. vta. pick up; harvest by hand s.t./s.o. -o'na He picked it (for example, from the ground). o'enho He picked him. nhtamhe-o'enantse ma'xementse I'll pick all the plums. hk'e mhne'e'h-o'enhentse She went to pick those (plums) way up at the top (of the bushes) (1987:288). Etymology: *ansen- 'gather by hand'. See: -nen(?); -o'eno'.
-o'en'o'ts vti. take down s.t. -o'en''tse. He took it (for example, tent or tepee) down. -'enn vti. take down s.t. ?? -'enna ('enna ??) He took it (for example, tepee cover) off (for
example, of the tepee poles). See: -vvheotse; -vanon.
-'ennonstove vii. take down camp; break camp. -'ennonstove. There is breaking of camp/there
is taking down of tepee(s) (or tents).
o'ene- i. pick; harvest. Nth-o'eneahkanmne let's go pick tree gum. -o'enemna He's berry picking. -o'eneahkan vai. pick; harvest tree gum. See: ahke. Nth-o'eneahkanmne let's go pick tree gum
(for chewing as gum or as glue for flutes). Final: -ahkan.
-'enhenh(n) vta. bloodlet s.o. ?? -'enhenahno He bloodlet him. 'hke-'enhenhestseo'o They

bloodlet ?? A medicine man would pierce a main vein in an arm of a sick person and blood would squirt on to the dusty ground; he would examine the blood to see if it would float or sink in to the dirt; the blood's behavior would be indicative to the medicine man. There was also another word for piercing of a vein in the temple of a sick person. See: -heseoestoh(n).
-o'enemen
vai. pick berries. -o'enemna. He's berry picking. Nth-o'enemenama! Let's go pick
berries!
-o'enemeneehe
vai. harvest berries; pick berries while moving camp. M'hkevho'enemeneehhevhe vo'staneo'o. The people used to go on berrypicking camping trips. [1987:288] fai: -eehe.
o'enemenvetohko ni. berrypicking bucket. -o'enen vai. harvest by picking. -o'enne. He's harvesting by picking. See: -o'eno'; -nen. O'enenee'he na. Picking Moon, August. suggested alternative to Oenenee'he. -o'en ?? fni. hill; butte. Tsehv'om-o'no ?? White Butte, South Dakota. See: -o'omen. -o'enohe fai. sated. n's-o'enohe. He's satisfied/he's full. nomon-o'enhotse. He became drowsy from
eating. h-o'enhotse. He got really full. hestom-o'enohe. He's hindered from doing something (for example, work) from being full. Nhtanhahk-o'enohe. I'll be reenergized from eating. Nhehp-o'enhotse. I overate. See: -msehe; -e'han.
-o'eno' vai. harvest; pick produce from the ground. done by people, bears, and birds. -o'en'e. He
harvested.
ts-o'en'stse
the
one
who
harvests.
hnhetosstse,
"Nv'ne-o'en'e
nenano'esttse." You should have told her, "You are just harvesting what you have planted.". See: -nen; -o'enen.
-'eoestas vta. dry s.o. rapidly. for example, by flapping. -'eoestsho He dried him out with rapid
motion. See: -o'eoestas scalp s.o..
-o'eoestas
vta. scalp s.o. -o'eoestsho. He scalped him. -o'eoestaxe. He was scalped. See: 'eoestas dry s.o. quickly; mta'xe scalp; mhta'so scalped person.
-o'eohts vai. eliminate. ma'xe-o'ehtse. He had to go eliminate badly. See: -o'ehn. -o'eotse vai. eliminate. -o'eotse. He eliminated (had a bowel movement or urinated). th-oeotse. He
rushed to the bathroom. See: -'eotse; -o'ehn.
-'eotse vii. vai. become dry. -'eotse. It (or he) has become dry. This can refer to a dry, rather than
lubricated, state of a woman's vagina. See: -o'eotse; -'ahe; -'komeotse.
-o'otstan vai. want to defecate. msta-o'otstanhhe He wanted to defecate (Croft 1988:6). -'es
vta. slice up s.o. msta-'shhe (nhe mo'khno'hamso) She sliced up (that colt) (Stamper 1991:8). vai: -'sv. na. Oblique: 'senhva; Diminutive: 'ksena.whetstone; See: ehaseo'o; eohthohtsstse; v'ho'-o'sena.
'sena
sharpening
stone;
file.
-'sn vta. slit s.o. open. -'seno He slit him open. -'sv vai. cut, slice up drymeat. esp. refers to thinly slicing meat before hanging it to dry into jerky
(drymeat). -'sva. She sliced drymeat. -'svao'o. They sliced drymeat. vta: -'es; vti: 'ex. See: -o'xov; -tshetonv; -tshetax.
-'ee vai. vii. be sliced up. This form has a passive grammatical flavor. -'ee It (or he) is cut (sliced).
ho'vohktse -'ee the meat is cut (esp. for making drymeat). vtsva -'ee the deer is cut for dry meat. vta: -'es. See: -'eh.
-'ee vai. lie dry. -'e. He's lying dry. -'em vta. lay out s.o. to dry. for instance, of a canvas or quilt. -'eme. It/He is laid out to dry.
Mentse ohke-'emenstse. Chokecherries are dried. vii: -'eh; vai: -'hasen drying berries. See: vai = -'ee.
-'etanhohts vai. dry up at the breast. Cheyenne women who needed to increase milk production
would drink a certain kind of native herbal tea. Usage: possible English loan transl.; pnoetanh' is probably more idiomatic. -'etanhhtse. She has dried up breasts. Medial: tanah; Synonym: -pnoetanh'; Antonym: -hetanhohts.
o'eto p. out in the country. See: onveto. -o'even

vti. vta. pick s.t.; harvest s.t./s.o.; throw s.t. quicker action than -o'enemen. Nhe'e mstams-o'evenhenovtse. Then they started picking (the plums). (1987:288). See: o'enemen; -o'enen; -o'en; -mone.
o'vao'he'e ni. coulee, dry river bed. See: 'he'e. -o'evo'eh

vii. bounce. for example, of a bullet bouncing off its target. -o'evo'ha maahe. The bullet/arrow bounced off. vai: -o'evo'ee.
1988:12:22]
-o'evo'ee vai. bounce, hop. st-o'evo'enhoo'o nhno vhkhe. The rabbit hopped over there. [Croft
vii: -o'evo'eh.
-o'evo'ht vti. take of a bite of s.t. -o'evo'hta. He took a bite of it. BodyPartMedial: -ht. -'ex
vti. slice s.t. esp. to slice meat for making drymeat. -'xa. She cut (sliced) it. vta: -'es. See: o'xe half; -'sv cut drymeat.
-'xov vai. saw. -'xva. He is sawing. See: -'sv; -e'xov. o'hae- ?? pv. carefully. ta-o'hae'amehtse He's walking carefully. Reduplicated: o'hae-. o'ha'- i. miss. Notes (Phonology) gr -'ha'e
m. moderate pace; medium pace. Nstanev-'ha'eohtsmne! Let's walk moderately fast! Nstanonoht-'ha'hnmne! Let's just take a good old time walking!
-o'ha'e'ov vta. miss s.o. (that is, not encounter s.o.). See: -nha'e'ov. -o'ha'e'ovho He missed him. -o'ha'e'tov vta. miss s.o. esp. when shooting an animal. N-o'ha'e'tvo. I missed him. Notes (Phonology)
Some speakers seem to pronounce this as -o'ha'etov. Reduplicated: -o'ha'e'tov. See: -o'ha'emax.
-o'ha'emas
vta. miss s.o. in shooting. -o'ha'emsho He missed him in shooting. Reduplicated: o'ha'emas; Antonym: -nha'emas.
-o'ha'emxest vti. miss shooting s.t. o'ha'-emxsta. He missed it (while shooting). fta: -emxest. -o'ha'en vti. drop s.t./s.o. N-o'ha'na. I dropped it.
vta. -o'ha'enho. He dropped him (for example, a ball). Naa tshhe n-o'ha'ennone hne hotsvatanohttse. And here we missed out on that claim. (1987:19). See: -xo'en.
-o'ha'oh vti. miss s.t. N-o'ha'ha. I missed it. [Croft] See: -o'hoht'. -o'ha'oh(n) vta. miss s.o. when throwing at. N-o'ha'hno. I missed him when throwing something at
him.
-o'ha'o'xe vai. drop load. -o'ha'o'xe. He dropped his pack. Final: -o'xe. Notes (Phonology) gr; can be
heard as -o'h'o'xe
-o'ha'o'x'tov vta. drop s.o. as load. -o'ha'o'xnoto. He dropped him from carrying him as a pack. -o'ha'xe'stn vai. miss in writing. See: nooht-. -o'ha'xe'stne He left out (something) in writing
(for example, forgot a word).
-o'ha(m) f. horse; livestock; domesticated animal. mo'hno'ha horse (elk-domesticated one). vhpo'ha
white horse. hevo'ha sorral (lit. yellow-horse). Ntoo'eto'hme I tied up horses. Etymology: *a'0emw 'dog (later in Cheyenne prehistory, the meaning was extended to other domesticated animals but, especially, the horse).
o'hamvoo'xe
ni. short whip, whip - short. for example, a whip used on a riding horse; made of kinnikinnic sticks. See: v'eoho'hamesttse; peva'haseo'o.
-'he fai. move ?? one of several motion finals; see discussion under -ehn. nhom-o'he. He stopped
dancing. amvht-'heo'o. They are hauling. See: -ohomo'he; -ehn; -ohe.
o'h- pv. distant. -o'hmsehe. He picnicked. See: o'o'h-. 'he'e ni. river. Naa msthahpe'eotshanhe 'he'e. And the river was really wide.
(Phonology) iah Diminutive: 'he'ke.Pl: o'h'stse. Oblique: o'h'e.
[1987:291]
Notes
'he'ke ni. 1 creek. Notes (Phonology) iah Non-diminutive: 'he'e.Pl: o'h'kstse.

2 Creek. See: Tke'e'he'e.
'he'kso ni. stream. Notes (Phonology) iah Non-diminutive: 'he'e. Further diminutive of 'he'ke. See: 'he'ke. o'hm- i. scarce. -o'hmahe vai. lack. for example, lacking food. -o'hmahe. He lacks/he doesn't have much. -o'hmeotse vai. vii. lack. See: -netseotse; -etseotse. -o'hmeotse. There isn't enough; he is lacking.
vti: -o'hmeots't.
-o'hmeots't vti. run out of s.t.; deplete s.t. N-o'hmeots'ta. I ran out of it. -o'hmsehe vai. picnic. -o'hmsehe. He picnicked. Stem: -msehe; Preverb: o'h- distant. -o'hmsts'e vai. lack hair. -o'hmsts'e He doesn't have much hair. Notes (Phonology) vs Medial: hts.
-o'hm vii. plenty. -o'hmo. There is plenty. -o'hmoe't

vii. scarce (esp. of berries).Literally: lack-cling. -o'hmoe'tnstse. They (berries) are scarce (clinging to bushes/vines). Antonym: -ho'oe't. vai: -ohtv.
-o'hmhtv vai. buy skimpy, buy insufficient, buy not enough. -o'hmhtva. He bought skimpily. -o'hmo'ohe vai. scarce (of woody entities). -o'hmo'heo'o mo'ht'ne the turnips are scarce/there
aren't many turnips. Final: -'ohe.
-o'hmonv vai. hang scanty amount of drymeat. -o'hmonva. She has a scanty amount of drymeat
hanging. fai: -onv.
-'hn vai. have cataract(s) (of the eye). See: -''n; -'kn. -'hne He as cataract(s) (of the eye). -'hosta vii. be a high cliff. See: 'xeano. -'hosta it's a deep/high cliff (for example, the Grand
Canyon). ts-'hosta cliff (lit. that which is hanging high?). ts-'hostaa'stse ?[ cliffs.
-o'hhke'e
vai. choke while drinking. -o'hhke'e. He choked while drinking. See: o'hohke choke. Final: -ase'e.
-o'hohke vai. choke. -o'hohke. He choked (for example, while eating). See: -o'hhke'e choke while
drinking. Etymology: *pa'0a:kwa.
-o'hhke'han vai. choke on food while eating. -o'hhke'hna. He chokedon his food. -o'hohn
vai. play baseball. -o'hhne. He's playing baseball. Nth-o'hohnmne! Let's go play baseball!
o'hohnhhtsme na. baseball. the ball itself. See: hhtsme. o'hohnesttse ni. shinny; baseball (the game). the game. -o'hoht' vti. kick s.t. O'hoht'htse! Kick it! -o'hoht' vti. kick s.t. -o'hoht'a. He kicked it. See: -o'ha'oh. -o'hoht'ov vta. kick s.o. -o'hoht'ovho. He kicked him. O'hoht'oveha! Kick him! (for example, a
ball, animate)! Nth-o'hoht'ovone hhtsme! Let's go play football/soccer! (lit. refers to kicking the ball). haneo'hoht'ova! Kick him to death! (from the Vohkooheso song). See: -a'; -a'ov; -to's'ov.
-o'hohta'xe vai. kick. -o'hohta'xe. He's kicking. -o'hohtn vti. kick s.t. -o'hohtna. He kicked it.
vta. kick s.o. -o'hohtnho. He kicked him. esp. of an animal, such as a horse or cow, that kicks s.o.; -o'hohta'ov is used for kicking by a person. See: -o'hohta'ov.
-o'hohtanaveestse
vai. devil's advocate, speak opposite opinions. -o'hohtanaveestse. He creates opposite opinions. See: -estse.
-o'hohtnov vai. kick. -o'hohtnva. He (for example, a horse) kicked. -o'hon'e

fna. rock. ma'o'ho'e IndepNoun: ho'hon'e.
brick/red
rock.
Mo'htvo'honva
Black
Hills.
'hma p. on the other side; on (either) side ?? Positions inside tepee are 'near door' hesxe; 'side' 'hma;
'opposite door (position of honor)' v'htma. refers to positions in a tepee or room. See: hesxe; v'htma; hstove.
-o'kas fii. light, shine. for example, of a lamp. v'h-'kse. It is giving off light.Variant: -o'as. -o'keha
fni. shoe. See: mo'keha. -o'khantse shoes (noun final). ass-o'khantse tennis shoes (stretchy-shoes).
-o'(k)han fai. be shoed; have on shoes (or moccasins). See: -mo'khan. phv-o'khna He has nice
shoes (on). hev-o'khanao'o They are wearing yellow shoes. he'kov-o'khna He is wearing wet shoes.
-o'khvtam (-oe'k??) vta. suspicious of s.o. ?? He is suspicious of him. -'kn vai. Medial: -n.be blind in one eye. See: -''n; -'hn. -'kne He is blind in one eye. -'kn'
vai. squint with one eye. This is a chronic problem, different from -'keneotse which is winking. -'kn'o. He squinted with one eye. See: -'keneotse wink; -''n.
-'keneotse vai. wink. -'keneotse. He's winking. See: -'kn'. -'keneots'tov vta. wink at s.o. N-'keneots'tova. He winked at me. BodyPartMedial: -n. 'knstse na. One Eye. 'ksena na. Non-diminutive: 'sena.sharpening stone.
-o'kohn vai. dig wild turnips, dig tubers. -o'khne. He's digging wild turnips. Nth'-o'khnmne!
Let's go dig wild turnips!
'khme na. 1 coyote. refers only to 'coyote', but sometimes translated (erroneously) as 'fox' or 'wolf'.
Simplified Spelling: okom.Pl: 'khomeho. AlternatePlural: 'homheo'o; Obviative: 'khomeho.Variant: 'hme (far less common than 'khme). Etymology: cf. Ar koo'oh(o)whu'. 'khme, nstme! Coyote, (here's) your food! (said during the coyote play game). 'khomeho oseehohohtstseveo'o. ohkenhovovo nonevonkeho. Coyotes are really
sneaky. They chase prairie dogs. [1979:205] 2 Coyote. 3 conniver, sly person. Usage: fig.. Simplified Spelling: okom or okome.
'khme hno'kaestse na. Lone Coyote. 'khme xhohe'stse vai. Coyote Stands On the Ridge. 'khomeho'sta na. Coyote Fire. See: Ho'neho'sta. 'khomeotse na. Stinking Coyote; Coyote Smells. O'khomh'e na. Coyote Woman. Contracted: Khmh'e. 'khomhanesttse ni. coyote play. a traditional game, no longer played. 'khomhe- pv. as a coyote; sly; tricky. -'khomhevo'stanheve He lives like a coyote; i.e. cheats,
is tricky.
'khomhemhtovoo'tse na. Coyote Ears. 'khomhso

1 little coyote, coyote pup. Naa ts'the ksovhe mhnha'enhevhe 'khomhesono. Once this young man caught a coyote pup. [1987:300]Pl: 'khomhesono. Obviative: 'khomhesono. 2 Little Coyote. See: O'khomxhahketa.
-'khomheve vai. 1 be a coyote.

2 fig., be sly; conniving. -'khomheve. He's sly/foxy.
-'khomheve'xan vai. 1 have coyote eyes. BodyPartMedial: -'xan.

2 fig., cheat; be sly; tricky. -'khomheve'xne. He is sly/he cheats.
-'khmst vai. coyote sound, make coyote sounds. -'khmsta. He's making coyote sounds.
Ka'ekneho tseohke-'khmstao'o. Children will make coyote sounds (a prediction of Sweet Medicine). fai: -st.
'khmhn'stse vai. Coyote Standing. 'khmhnstooestse na. Howling Coyote. 'khmhtamhnstse vai. Coyote Walking. 'khmhtamehtse vai. Coyote Walking. 'khmhtamehtsstse
vai. Coyote Walking, Walking Coyote, Traveling Wolf. sometimes translated as Traveling Wolf but the correct translation is Walking Coyote.
'khmhtxe'stse vai. Coyote Stands On Top. 'khmhv'komaestse vai. White Coyote. origin of family name White Wolf. 'khmhvotonevstse vai. Coyote Tailfeathers. 'khmxhahketa
vai. Little Coyote. Origin of family name Littlewolf, which was a mistranslation. See: Ho'noxhahketa.
'khmxhohe'stse na. Coyote Stands On the Hill. See: hohose. -o'khv vai. hatch. -'khva. He hatched. -'khvao'o. They hatched. -o'ko'enohe vai. dig tubers. esp. wild turnips. See: -o'kohn. -o'ko'enohe ?? He dug turnips (by hand?). -'kom ?? vta. take a small bite of s.o. ?? nstse-'komatsnoho I'll take a small bit of you. (Croft
1988:5). Final: -om 'by mouth'.
-'ksano't vii. set (be) taut; tight. -'ksan'ta It (for example, tent) is taut. -'ksonean vta. tighten s.o. ropelike. -'ksoneanho. He made him (esp. a rope) tight. -'ksoneane vii. be taut; tight (of a rope-like object). 's'o -'ksoneane The clothesline is taut.
Medial: -n.
-o'kotahe vai. inattentive. -o'kotahe. He's inattentive. See: -votahe. -'kotmo'en

vii. full. -'kotmo'na. It's full. Usage: This variant seems to be obsolescent now..Variant: -'otmo'en.
-o'ne' fai. step. asst-o'n'e. He took a step. hosv-o'n'e. He stepped backwards. vai: -ho'ne'. -o'ne''tov fta. step with reference to s.o. ohksaka'-o'n'e'theheo'o. Don't step over their (medicine
people's) legs. fai: -o'ne'; vai: -ho'ne'.
-o'o1
num. animate plural suffix. Notes (Phonology) The -o'o animate noun and verb plural suffix is phonemically /-o/, as well. hetane-o'o men. pesono /pesn-o/ cats (note pso 'cat'). nmene-o'o They sang. Nvomo-o'o I saw them. hnmensest-o They are said to have sung (attrib). hmshhoon-o They sang (pret). See: /-/. Etymology: *-aki. mode. delayed imperative suffix for 2nd person singular addressee; later; then. The delayed imperative adds a meaning to a command of 'later on.'. Notes (Phonology) vs ahtovo-o'o! Listen to him (later)! em'etan'tove-o'o! Think about me (sometime)! Tho'hne-o'o! Come there then! N'vhsho'hne-o'o! Come again (sometime)! See: -hne1 IMPV.DEL.PL.
-o'o2
-' vii. be dry. -'o. It's dry. See: -hohpo'h. -o'e' vai. float away; separated by floating. for instance, to float away without a paddle. -o''o. He
floated away. '-o'e'htvnse there was separation by water (1987:1, 114). naa tshhe mnxho'e-o'oe'hemanhe and the water must have brought us here (1987:114). Final: -'.
-'osan vai. hang clothes to dry. -'osne. He's hanging clothes up to dry. IndepNoun: 's'o;
vti: -'osts. Final: -an.
-'oesanst vti. hang s.t. out to dry. -'oesanst. ('oesansta ??) He hung it out to dry. -'osem vta. hang s.o. to dry. -'osemho. He hanged him (for example, a shirt) up to dry. m'hke'oesemhevovhe heon'honstovevho. They dried their nets. vti: -'osts. See: -hosem hang
s.o..
's'o
ni. clothesline. See: 'a'hasenesttse.Literally: dry-hang(-thing). hlePl: 'oseontse. Initial: '-; Final: -ose.
Notes
(Phonology)
gr;
-'oesta'xe vai. dry in the wind. for example, drying through flapping in the wind. -'oesta'xe. He (for
example, cloth) dried in the wind. Medial: -oest.
-'osts vti. hang s.t. to dry. -'ostse. He dried it. -'ostsentse hone'ontse She's hanging up the
clothes to dry/she's drying the clothes. vta: -'osem; vai: -'osan. See: -hosts hang s.t..
-'ohe
fai. tree; tuber. h-o'heo'o. They (an.; for example, trees or turnips) are many in number. o'h-mo'heo'o mo'ht'ne. The turnips are scarce/there aren't many turnips. -o'khne . He's digging tubers (for example, wild turnips). k-o'heo'o. They (an.; for example, trees or turnips) are thin (not many in number). tne'st-'ohe? How high is he (tree)? -t'st'heo'o. They (esp. trees) are tall. Medial: -'(e).
-'oh(n) vta. dry s.o. (with an instrument, such as a towel). See: -'ho'h(n). N-'hno I dry him (with a
towel). [Croft]
-o'hohn ??
vai. play baseball. -o'hhne 'ho? He played ball. o'hon-hohtseme ?[ baseball. See: no'heo'o bat.
'hme na. coyote.Variant: less common than 'khme. Pl: 'homeho. Obviative: 'homeho. O'hom-notxeo'o na. Coyote Warriors (society). 'oht- i. mistake. See: 'os-. -o'ht vti. take a bite of s.t. -o'hta. He took a bite of it. O'hthtse! Take a bite of it! Final: -ht;
vta: -o'om. See: -hanht.
-'oht vai. be constipated. -'hta He is constipated.Literally: dry-bowels. Final: -oht.
-'hthtov
vta. hear s.o. wrongly. See: -ahtov. -'hthtovho ?[ He erred when hearing him/he heard him wrongly. htsev'e-'htanee'stse whenever a mistake is made ?? [1987:146]
-'htan vta. mistreat s.o.; treat s.o. wrongly. -'htanho He mistreated him/he treated him wrongly. -'htotse
vai. become constipated. -'htotse. He's constipated. Antonym: -momhthtotse; Synonym: -nhphasohts. See: -'oht.
-'hte'e vai. drink mistakenly. -'hte'e. He drank something by mistake / he drank the wrong
thing.
-'hto'hotse vai. make a mistake while running, take a wrong turn. -'hto'hotse. He took a
wrong turn.
-'ht'ne vai. mispronounce. N-'ht'ne. I mispronounced. Reduplicated: -o'o'ht'an; fai: -'an. -'hto'eh vta. wrong s.o. See: -m'emo'eh; -hvsvo'eh. -'hto'eeho. He wronged him; he went
against his wishes. [1987:302]
-'hto'etahe vai. err, do something wrong, make a mistake, act wrongly, sin. This term means 'to make
a mistake', while -hvsvo'etahe means 'to do something bad'. has been used for the meaning 'to sin'. -'hto'etahe. He made a mistake. H'hke-'hto'ethto, n'hkevavvhetanna'ovstse! Whenever I sin renew my mind! (Hymn 68). [1987:40,258] Reduplicated: -o'hto'etahe; Final: o'etahe. See: -hvsvo'etahe; -a'to'etahe.
-'hto'ethoohe
vai. make a quick mistake. N-'hto'ethoohe I made a quick mistake (for example, not thinking about what I was doing).
'hto'omenhesttse ni. accident. See: a'to'omenhesttse. -'hto'soo'e vai. foul, in a ball game.Literally: err-play. -'hto'soo'e. He fouled. Usage: neologism.
See: -ho'soo'e.
-'htotse'ohe vai. work mistake. -'htotse'ohe. He made a mistake in his work. -'htxe'stn vai. err in writing. See: -mxe'stn. -'htxe'stne He erred in writing. -'htsehn vai. Final: -ehn.err in going; go astray. taxa'e tnet'e nne'-'htshnmse Let's see,
how much have I gone astray? (1987:241).
-'o'e fii. vegetation; plant; grass; weed. hoh-o'o'e. There is a dense growth of grass. non-o'o'e. the
grass is withered. phv-o'o'e. The grass is growing well. tshmano'k-'o'e grove ; clump of trees/bush (lit. where there is growing in a bunch). See: -o'e; -'(e) wood; tree; bush.
-''n vai. 1 blind. -''ne. He is blind. Nstsev'-thpoomahtse; nstse''ne. Don't look on your
privates; you'll become blind. (a cultural injunction). BodyPartMedial: -n. See: -'kn; -'hn. 2 unable to recognize the truth about something. Usage: fig., possibly loan transl. from English.
-'o'ene'o'h vta. blind s.o. N-'o'ene'o'ha hsta'se. The snow blinded me. -'o'eta'e
vai. have V.D., have venereal disease. -'o'eta'e he/she has V.D. See: -mtx'; mtsevhotse; -mtsevhos; -totnesta.
o'o'h- pv. distant. -o'o'hvee'e. He camped way out there. -o'o'hmsehe. He went a long ways to eat
(that is, he's having a picnic). See: o'h-.
-o'o'ometsests vti. bypass s.t. -o'o'ometsstse o'o'e?? He bypassed it. -'o't vii. sit dry. -''ta. It's sitting there dry. -o'om vta. take a bite of s.o. -o'omho. He took a bite of him. O'omeha! Take a bite of him! vti: -o'ht. o'om- i. pv. bypass; detour; close ?? See: -nhp; -hahp; -hoon (RELEVANT?). -o'omho'he vai. drive past. -o'omho'he. He drove past. -o'oma'ham vta. throw s.o. by. -o'oma'hamho. He threw him past (for example, to throw a ball past
you).
-o'oma'haso'he vai. ride horse past. -o'oma'haso'he. He rode horse bypassing.
'ome p. bypassed. Notes (Phonology) iah See: -o'omehn; homa. Etymology: cf. F kahkami:wa he takes
a shortcut (G).
-o'ome fni. region. short variant of -o'om'e ?? he'am'ome ?? heaven. he'amo'om'e heaven. See: o'omen; -n.
o'ome- pv. bypass, detour, skip. o-o'omeamehtse He skipped crawling (went straight to walking). o'omenootho. He passed by and left him. naa tshv'hohetonto hnhhe mhnxxaev'nete-o'omesevonhnhevhe vxva but because it was so cold there they had to crawl inside those caves. [1987:42-43] hnhhe mosta-o'omhoehevhe nhe matanv'h'e The policement surrounded (him) there. [Stamper 1991:8] naa hne o'ome-taa'va... But the other night... [1987:397] See: -o'omeotse.
'ome mhomhthotshhe vai. have pneumonia. 'ome mhomhthotshhe He must have

pneumonia.Literally: bypass other.side-physical.feel ??; said to mean this because the pain goes through you, through your chest from the front to the back.
'ome tsho'too'e ?? vii. tunnel.Literally: bypass that.which.is-hole. Usage: neologism. -o'omeehe vai. camp elsewhere. -o'omeehe. He bypassed the rest of the camp, to camp elsewhere.
See: -s'spotseehe.
-o'om'e
fni. region. he'amo'om'e heaven (region above). phvo'om'e the place of the good (people). ma'taa'vo'om'e wooded region(s).
-o'omehn vai. bypass; detour. -o'omhne. He went on/bypassed. See: 'ome. -o'omhht vti. approach and pass s.t. -o'omhhta. He approached and passed it. fti: -ehht. -o'omht vta. bypass s.o. N-o'omhto. I bypassed him. -o'omhoto. He walked by him. -o'omemohe vai. run past. -o'omene vai. suffer. -o'omene. ?? He suffered. See: -to'omene; -ho'omenehe. -o'omenehe fai. state of life, experience. 'ht-o'omenhesttse accident. a't-o'omenhesttse accident.
Nh-o'omenehe I'm in a poor state. name'sa'evsenhet-o'omenhhe I wouldn't want that to
happen to me.
-o'omen fni. hill; mountain. probably composed of two morphemes, -o'ome 'region' ?? + -n 'place'.
See: -o'en.
-o'omoesthov
vta. surround s.o. xxae'-o'omoesthoevhoono. They were surrounded by them. (1987:51). Medial: -oest.
-o'omeohts vai. go past; bypass. -o'omehtse. He went past. to bypass someone or something. -o'ome'e vti. taller than s.t. -o'ome'e. He's taller than it. -o'omeotse vii. detour; bypass; shortcut. -o'omeotse It is a shortcut/it is a detour. na'stse ta-o'omeotse
there is a shortcut (for example, the Decker Road).
-o'omee vai. lie past. -o'ome. He is too long for his bed ; his legs go beyond the end of the bed. -o'ome' vai. vii. float past. -o'om'o. He/It is floating past. -o'omoh(n) vta. surround s.o. -o'omhnovo They surrounded him. -o'omo'hotse vai. bypass fast, run past. for example, while driving. -o'omo'hotse. He ran past
(someone).
-o'omma'otse vii. ground close up; hole cave in. Mstava-o'omma'otshanetshe. The ground got
closed back up.
-o'omoht vti. overlook s.t. for example, something bad said. See: -voht; -vonetan't. -o'omhta
He overlooked it. O'omhthtse tshee'hto'ethto! Forgive me (lit. overlook how I made a mistake)! Ne-o'omhthtse! Just overlook (for example, forgive) it! vta: -o'omom.
-o'omohtomtah vta. overlook with reference to s.o. one of the possible ways to express the idea of
forgiveness. See: -vonetan't. -o'omohtomthho He forgave him. ne-o'omohtomtxeha Forgive him! Ntane-o'omohtomtaahtse I forgive you.
-o'omohtomov
vta. overlook with reference to s.o.; fig., forgive s.o. N-o'omohtomovo tshe't'se I'm overlooking (for example, forgiving) what he did to me. [2]
-o'omoo'koh vii. rain bypass. -o'omoo'kho. The rain bypassed / went around. fii: -oo'koh. -o'omoo'khotse vii. rain bypass; rain go over. for example, If it looked like it was going to rain but
the rain just went over and didn't drop. -o'omoo'khotse The rain bypassed.
-o'omom
vta. overlook s.o., ignore s.o. -o'omomho. He overlooked him. N-o'ommo. I overlooked him. vti: -o'omoht. vii. flood. Holliman Spelling: e yo o mo vi do. -o'omovto. It's overflowing/flooding. See: -omoovt.
-o'omovt
-'onoo'e vai. sit glaring. ma'xe-'onoo'e. He is sitting glaring intensely. -o'oohev'xesttse ??. nail clippers. -o'oohev'xesttse nail clippers. -'o' vai. look sideways, glare.Literally: dry-look. This is looking with anger or scorn at someone. ''o. He looked sideways/he is glaring. See: -'.
-'oom
vta. glare at s.o. -'oomho. He looked mean at him. N-'ooma. He's glaring at me. Reduplicated: -o'o'ooma.
'os- i. mistake. See: a't-. 'sepv. mistakenly. -'sea'xatho. He shook hands with him by mistake (for example, he shook
hands with the wrong person). Reduplicated: o'o'se-.
's'e
p. wish. used in cultural expressions in wishing or craving esp. humorously when hiccupping. 's'e vno'hohktse! "I'm going to get (some) tripe" (that is, tripe is going to come my way; said when someone hiccups) (or, also said as 's'e ho'vohktse "I wish for some meat."). vai. eat (something) by mistake; accidentally eat (something). -'se'hna. He accidentally ate (it). fai: -e'han.
-'se'han
-'s'o'h vta. burst open s.o. (esp. for an operation) (burst??). Msto'se-'s'o'hehhe. He was going
to be opened up (operated on). [Stamper 1991:4] See: -tshetas.
-'s'o'he vai. lanced open, cut open. -'s'o'he. He was lanced. for example, when a boil is lanced
or someone has their belly cut open during an appendectomy.
-'sem vta. speak mistakenly about s.o., misallege concerning s.o. -'semho He did not mean to
say something about him.
-'sn vta. cut open s.o. at the belly, gut s.o. -'snho. He cut him open at the belly. N-'snoo'o
nee votsevhne. I gutted two deer.
-'seohe vai. go the wrong way, go to the wrong place. -'seohe. He went the wrong way. -'seohts vai. go the wrong way. -'sehtse He's going the wrong way. -'se'e vai. stand in wrong place. -'se'e. He's standing in the wrong place. -'seotse vii. be the wrong way. See: -'sotse. -'seotse. It's the wrong way. -'sotse
vii. vai. burst open. for example, of breasts too full which release milk, or a toothache infection. -'sotse. It burst open. Mahpe -'sotsetse. (Her) water broke/burst open (that is, the placenta broke during birthing). See: -'seotse. vai. wrongly think, mistakenly think, think wrongly, err in thinking. hen'hanehe n=ma'hhkse tshee-'setnse that's the way that old man thought wrongly (1987:171). M'-'setanhhe. He went wrong in his thinking. (1987:236).
-'setan
-'os vii. be wrong. -'so. ?? It's wrong. Antonym: -ono'. -o't fta. declare about s.o. phv-o'oto. He praised him/he talked about how good he is. h-o'tahtse.
He's bragging (lit. talking big about himself). M'hkeose'e=ta'se=hetanv-o'thtshhe. He would, like, brag how much of a man he was. (1987:58). Nhvsv-o'to. What I said about him is not good. Notes (Phonology) if preceding initial ends in a vowel, /v/ is inserted before this final See: -tam; -em.
o'otm- i. full. to'se-o'otmeotse. It is going to be full.
'otme-
pv. fill, full. 'otmenhnstse Fill it up! (about putting gasoline in a car). naa tstanheem'se-o'otmensotse tsxheeno''ovxe'too'se and that it all came true (was fulfilled; neologism?) the way he was dreamt about by (his friend) (1987:143). N'otmemhottse. I love you to the fullest. Reduplicated: o'otme-.
-'otme'sev vii. flow full (for example, of a river). -'otme'svo It (for example, river) is flowing
full.
-'otmeotse vii. become full. -'otmeotse. It is full (for example, a house). -'otmoe vai. sit full. only used with plural subjects. -'otmoeo'o. They (an.) are sitting "full" (for
example, they fill up the car). M'hkee-'otmoehevhe ma'heneestsmhene. They used to be packed in the church. (1987:237).
-'otmo'en vta. fill s.o. The filling substance can be of a wide variety of material, for example, liquid,
dirt, beans, flour, wood chips, hay, etc. -'otmo'enho. He filled him. vta: -'otmo'enohts. See: -'otmo'en; -to'eh.
-'otmo'en vii. full. for example, a cup full of liquid, but the meaning has been extended to the
fullness of other kinds of containers, such as buildings. -'otmo'na. It's full. vai. -'otmo'enao'o. They (an.) are living there full (for example, in a full house or tepee). Usage: It is not known whether or not this and other 'full' entries are originally natural ways of speaking of people 'filling' a room or building, but they are in use today..Variant: -'kotmo'en (perhaps obsolescent now) (Croft). See: -n'so'enohe full of food; -xo'en ready; tke'o'en a little filled; -hhenotmo'en overflow.
-'otmo'enotse
vai. vii. become full. Nanomta'hesttse eto'se-'otmo'enotse. My anger is almost full (expression for almost being at the point of being angry).
-'otmo'enohts vti. fill s.t. The filling substance can be of a wide variety of material, for example,
liquid, dirt, beans, flour, wood chips, hay, etc. -'otmo'enhtse. He filled it. vta: -'otmo'en. See: -'otmo'en; -to'eh.
-'otmomhtahe vai. feel full. -'otmomhtahe. He feels full. Usage: perhaps a neologism, transl.
borrowing from English. See: -n'so'enohe.
-'otommoovotse
vii. fill up with water. -'otommoovotse. (-'otmomoovotse ??) It (for example, a creek bed) filled up after the rain. Medial: -ov.
-'otmoovto vii. overflow, full of water. -'otmoovto. It is full of water; it is overflowing. -'otmotse vii. become full. -'otmotse. ?? It got filled. -o'sahtse mbp. saliva. -t'stneo'shtse. He has long "slobbers". See: -ho'sahtsen. -o't fii. be here, be there. th-'ta. It is on top. fai: -oo'e. -'toevo'eh vii. bounce off. m-'toevo'hhanetshe v'ho'emaahe The bullet must have just bounced
off.
'ts- pv. diligently, with perseverance, trying hard; endeavoring. 'ts-hstnstse! Keep on going
to school! tshv'-'tsnehe'ovse Ma'heneva because she diligently followed God. See: 'tse-.
'tse-
pv. with perserverance; diligently. -'tse'amehtse. He's willing to walk. ?? See: 'ts-; onse- try to.
'tshe p. diligently, try hard, with perserverance, endeavor. 'tshe ne'evvoomstse! Try your best,
watch over me! [1980:65:44]
-'tsotse vai. persevere, try hard. -'tsotse He tried his best. 'tsotsstse! Try your best! -'tstan vai. be perserverant; diligent; strive; try hard; endeavor. has to do with reaching your goal.
-'tstno. He is perseverant. 'tstntse! Do it with all your might! ohketaome'tstanoo'o ekseho. ?? Dogs make it any way they can. ts-'tstanose those who are diligent/really trying (esp. in school). Ts'-'tstannove ka'kneho mthne'enhenovhe. When both (parents) try very hard the children learn from it. [1987:241] See: 'ts-; -ohnovahe; onse-.
-'tsvotse'ohe vai. work diligently, persevere work. -'tsvotse'heo'o. They diligently work.
-(o)'tov m. smoke, fire. analysis is uncertain as to what is the first letter of this medial; one possibility
is that the first letter will be an /o/ unless the preceding initial ends in a vowel, in which case the /o/ will not be present. n-'tva the fire died down/quit smoking/burning. n-o'tovvhta He blew it (for example, candle) out. h-'tovhne He's firefighting. h-'tovotse It (for example, light; cigarette) went out. h-'tovvhta He extinguished it (by blowing; for example, candle). Nev'sesto h'hma h-'tovvoovxevaen'e. Maybe somebody doused him with water (fig. =he had been "on fire", full of ideas). h-'tva It (for example, stove; fire) went out. ha-'tva. Smoke is coming out. ha-'tov'e. Smoke is coming out. See: -o'as; -atov; he'p; -s'tov'e.
-o'ts1 fai. camp. vst-'tse. He is camping with/he is living with. mh-o'tseo'o. They are all camped
together. no'keen-'tse. He camped one night. See: -eehe; -ohtaen.
-o'ts2 fti. place s.t., keep s.t., put s.t. phv-'tse. He is keeping it in a safe (lit. good) place. no'k-'tse.
He placed it there by itself. th-'tse. He put it on top. See: -ho'ts.
'x-
i. split, break open, half. N-'xso. I cut (or chopped) him in half. Reduplicated: o'x-. See: asenotse.
-'xahe ?? vai. split; broken open. -'xahe. He is broken open. Reduplicated: -o'xahe. -'xho'h vti. crack; break open s.t. by heat. -'xh'ha He cracked it with heat. -'xa' vii. shatter; rip; tear. -'x'o. It tore in half. Reduplicated: -o'xa'. -'xan
vti. vta. break open s.t./s.o., tear s.t./s.o. / rip s.t./s.o. N-'xna. I broke it open by hand. Etymology: *nepa:kenamwa.
-'xas vta. split; break open s.o. -'xsho He split him. 'xshe Cut Belly. -'xax vti. split s.t. -'xxa. He split it (open). 'xe- pv. half; split. 'xev'ho'e breed (lit. half-whiteman). -o'xe fai. carry load (esp. game) on back. am-o'xe. He's carrying (it) on his back. Ham-o'xentse. He
carried them (inan.). Nam-o'xnoto. I carried them (an.) on my back. n-o'xe. He unloaded. hana-o'xe. He carried a heavy load. ho'-o'xe. He arrived with a load of game on his back. fta: -o'x'tov. Notes (Phonology) takes ai+o inflection See: -nxehn; -po'oom.
o'xe p. half. Neva o'xe hehposta. It's 4:30 p.m. (lit. four and a half it's already hanging past (noon)).
O'xe nanhotse. He's half paralyzed. See: stve.
'xeano ni. cutbank (for example, the cutbank of a river; smaller than a high cliff). Pl: 'xeanontse.
Oblique: 'xeanva.
'xeanva obl. at the cutbank; cliff. -'xeaneve vii. be a cutbank; cliff. tsstema'xe-'xeanevetse nhhe m'stotanhhe He dug into
the side of a big cliff (1987:287).
'xeeshe na. Cut Nose. 'xee'he na. half moon. See: e'he. -'xeet vta. tear apart s.o. -'xeetho. He tore him apart. -'xe'svoht vii. crack bottom from freezing. esp. of a plastic bucket with water left outside during
freezing weather. Tse-'xe'svhta. It will crack on the bottom from freezing.Literally: crackbutt-freeze. See: -pa'e'svoht. BodyPartMedial: -'es.
'xema'kaata ni. half-dollar.Literally: half-metal. 'xenhkohe na. Half Bear. -'xeotse

vai. vii. tore, split, crack; break open. See: -taevotse; -asenotse. -'xeotse. It/he is torn. Reduplicated: -o'xeotse. vai. break jaw from falling. -'xstonxe. He has a broken jaw from falling. BodyPartMedial: -eston.
-'xstonxe
-'xstsavo'ee vai. crack head open from fall. -'xstsavo'e. He cracked his head open when he
fell.
'xev'ho''e na. half breed woman. See: 'xev'ho'e. 'xev'ho'e na. breed, half-breed.Literally: half-whiteman. Usage: Some use this word for halfbreeds.
For others the preferred word is tshsev'ho'e..Pl: 'xev'h'e. See: tshsev'ho'e; p'ev'ho'e; 'xev'ho''e.
-'xevo'eh vii. break. Hetohko 'xevo'ha. The dish broke. [Croft] -'xevo'oh(n) vta. split s.o. (by tool?). 'hkema'xetee'e-'xevo'hnhevhe (the lead buffalo) split
(the tree) (1987:312).
-'x be split; have holes; be torn. -'xo. It's torn. Reduplicated: -o'x. See: -e'; -'xeotse; -o'xeotse. -'xoemhan vai. chop; split wood. See: -mhan. -'xoemhne He chopped wood. Reduplicated: o'xoemhan.
-'xoemhaov
vta. chop wood for s.o. -'xoemhaovho He chopped wood for him. Reduplicated: -o'xoemhaov. See: -ho'emhaov.
[1987:181]
-'xoeme vii. vai. cost half a dollar. -'xoeme it/he cost half a dollar. -'xoh(n)
vta. split s.o. (for example, a tree). mst'nema'xeamee'e-'xhnhevhe n=stot'e He kept splitting that tree every time he charged (1987:312).
-'xht vti. crack s.t. with the teeth. -'xhta He cracked it with his teeth (humorously homonymous
with -'xhta 'he has a cracked belly'). N-'xhtantse I cracked them (inan.) with my teeth. Reduplicated: -o'xht; Final: -ht.
-'xotoo'est vai. crazy, does not listen, disobedient.Literally: cracked-ears ??. does not refer to insanity
but rather "crazy" behavior. -'xotoo'sta. He doesn't listen/he is 'crazy.'. See: peees.Literally: cracked-ears.
-'xovanen vai. halve, cut the deck. 'xvnnstse! Cut the deck of cards! -om1 fta. by mouth. po'-omho. He broke him off with his teeth. ahan-omho. He bit him. amot-omo.
She (esp. mother cat) carried him in her mouth/by her teeth. stonot-mhoono. He held him in his mouth (surp.). (1987:285). Nthxo'-ome. I'm going to take Communion (lit. put s.t. in my mouth). Etymology: *am. fti: -ht. Notes (Phonology) Some verbs with this final have phonemic high pitch on the /o/ of this final, while others have phonemic low pitch. See: -otm.
-om2 sfx. TI final. tshvht-mo when I saw it. tshmxe'h-omvse when they wrote it (1987:119).
Etymology: *am.
-ma' m. ground; land; earth. See: -ma'o'e; -ma'xov. phv-oma'na He's fixing the ground (by
hand). phv-oma'ha He's fixing the ground (by tool).
-ma' fai. paint. esp. refers to having ceremonial paint on one's body. Tsa'e tsto'shse-vstm'e
nstsetnet-m'e? On what side (group) do you want to be painted? Which paint do you want? vaxaa'v-m'e. He's eagle-painted. ho'toohesonev-m'e. He's lizard-painted. ao'setnev-m'e. He's hailstone painted. hev-m'e. He is painted yellow. Notes (Phonology) often has a preceding (morpheme-initial ??) /v/ See: -vhpenov; hevonehe; mo'htvxe' x' ?; -mo'htsnn; -mxe'n; -mxe'nn; -mo'htvn; -vstma'.
-ma'o'e fii. ground; land; earth. See: -tamno'e. tsevatan-ma'o'e it's dusty ground. he'kov-ma'o'e
it's wet ground. tshetaa'-ma'o'e all over the world. thhe tsstam'a'xse tssta'-ma'o'etse ssavomhesesto when he came over the hill there where it had been obscured he didn't see (the horse) (1987:170).
-ma'xov fai. plow ground. pn-oma'xva. He's disking. 'sanevoveam-ma'xovhoo'o v'ho'e.

The whiteman was the first to walk plowing. [1987:69] Medial: -ma'.
-matahe
vai. be particular in eating food; be shy about public consumption of food; be modest; moderate; not presumptive; bashful. -matahe He is particular in eating food (for example, a stray dog)/he is shy and can't eat too much in front of people ??
-omta'ehe vai. angry; mean. -omta'ehe. He is angry/mean. Non-contracted: -momta'ehe. -omxeh vta. bring calamity on s.o. ?? Nstse'-omxhahtsme. You will bring it on yourselves for
sure. Non-contracted: -momxeh.
-omxeh
vta. bring calamity on s.o. See: -vsha'v. -omxhho. He brought calamity on him. xaev'ne-omxhho m'evoto He caused it to happen to the baby (for example, caused the baby to die by his living with another woman). -omxhahtse He was punished. Notes (Phonology) contracted from -momxeh he'ke-ome He is fat (lit. soft-bellied). he-ome He is fat. Nma'xhe-meotse. I have gotten a
-me mbp. belly. ma'xee-ome He is really fat (for example, can be said of a woman when pregnant).
big belly.
ome
fni. fai. lodge; dwelling. See: vee'e. ma-ome sweat lodge. khamxve'ho'-ome board tent (lit. wood-whiteman-lodge). vhpe-om'ta It (for example, house) is vacant. Etymology: *amikwi. See: omen.
ome ni. lodge. mhtamhah-omnstse old women's lodges. mhmhththe-omenhhe there were
ten lodges (1987:17). See: ome.
-omen fai. have lodge. Mhmhththe-omenhhe. He had ten lodges. no'ke-omne. He has one
lodge.
/-omevt/ fti. TI conjunct ending for third person pl. subjects. tshvohtomvhtse when they saw it.
Etymology: *-amowa:t.
-omhtahe fai. feel (physical body condition). Nphv-omhtahe. I feel fine. h-omhtahe. He is sick.
nthv-omhtahe. He feels different. nhet-omhtahe. He feels (bodily condition) that way. Nssv-omhtahe. I feel wilted. See: -tan mental condition.
omm- i. cry. See: -a'xaame. -ommh'en vai. cook weeping. -ommh'ne. She cooks weeping. -ommho'he vai. cry from heat. -ommho'he. He is crying from the heat. typically said of a baby. -omma'xe vai. run while crying. -omma'xe. He's running and crying. -omman vta. make s.o. cry. -ommanho. He made him cry. -ommatamao' vai. Final: -tamao'.laugh so hard there is crying. -ommatama'o He laughed so
hard he cried.
omme- pv. with tears; crying; weeping. -ommeamehtse. He's weeping while walking. -omman vai. cry from hunger. -ommna. He cried from hunger. Final: -an. See: -hna. -omme'eh vta. make s.o. cry. See: -ommo'eh. -omme'eeho He made him cry. -omme'hahe whine. -omme'hahe He is whining.Literally: cry-voice. Medial: -'hahe. -omme'hahetsstov vta. whine at s.o. -omme'hahetsstovho He is whining at him. -ommem vta. speak to s.o. causing to cry. -ommemho. He spoke to him in a way that caused him
to cry.
-ommemohe vai. cry while running, run while crying. -ommemohe. He's crying while running.
fai: -mohe.
-ommn
vai. crying face. That is, to have a face that looks like the person has been crying. ommne. He has a crying face.
-ommene'hahe vai. talk in weepy voice; talk and cry. -ommene'hahe He talked in a weepy voice. -ommenome vai. cry while sleeping. -ommenome. He cried in his sleep. for example, to cry during
a nightmare. fai: -nome.
-ommeohe vai. arrive quickly crying. ho'e-ommeohe. He arrived quickly crying. -omme'e vai. cry standing, stand crying. -omme'e. He's crying standing. -ommephvetanotse vai. be so happy there is crying. -ommephvetanotse He was so happy
he cried.
-ommee vai. lie crying. -omme. He lay crying. -ommn vai. pray weeping. See: -hn. -ommna He prayed weeping. [1987:99]
-ommn'tov
vta. pray weeping to s.o. Nhtaohkenhto ma'heo'o nhtaohke-ommn'tvo I would tell that to God (and) pray weeping to him (1987:197).
-ommoh(n) vta. make s.o. cry (by tool). xxamae'-ommhnsesto tsvstoemose He (whiteman) just
made his wife cry (by jabbing her). (Croft 1988:10:21).
-ommo'eh vta. make s.o. cry. See: -omme'eh. -ommo'eeho. He made him cry. -ommo'ees'het
vii. cause to cry. tat'tee=ta'se=ma'xe-ommo'ees'hto h'the manesttse.
This liquor makes you cry. [1987:61]
-ommo'o'enehe vai. cry poor. -ommo'o'enehe. He crying and poor. -ommomhtahe vai. feel like crying. -ommomhtahe. He feels like crying. fai: -omhtahe. -ommonoo'e vai. sit crying, cry sitting. -ommonoo'e. He is sitting crying. /-om(n)/ fti. TI conjunct ending for first person sg. subject. tshestan-mo that which I took. tshestanomonhtse those which I saw. Etymology: *-ama:n.
/-omo(s)/
fti. TI conjunct ending for second person sg. subject. tsvoht-omo that which you saw. Etymology: *-aman.
omtxevahttse ni. redemption.Literally: pay the penalty for someone-NOM. -motma'ov vta. give s.o. breath. -motma'ovho He gave him breath. motma'ovemeno Give us
breath! (in a Petter song) ?natural? Usage: natural ??.
-motma'xe vai. pant. -motma'xe He is panting. -motman vti. vta. ventilate; air s.t./s.o. -motmna He ventilated (or aired) it. -motome vai. breathe. -motome He is breathing. ne-motome. He died (lit. ceased-breathing). mtme ni. air. vai: -motome. See: Ma'hene-motome; Ma'henemhta'soma. -motmeotse vai. breathe. nstaphve-motmeotse you will breathe well (1987:146). -n1 m. rope-shaped; stringlike; strand-like.Variant: -n(e). refers to any rope-like entity for example,
rope, string, thread, fence, wire, snake. tnetaa'-neehe? How big around is he (of stringlike object, incl. a snake)? am-ne. He (snake or rope) is lying (there). anh-nna. He lowered it by rope (by hoist; for example, lowered a well bucket). n'st-neehaseono suspenders. A fence is considered to have the shape indicated by this medial: am-neane. It is fenced/there is a fence (for example, along the highway). hekv-oneaneo'o barbed wire. [1987:29] Etymology: *-a:py 'string' (noun final).
-n2 sfx. ?? Nne'hma'enhkevo'han-nevhe! I am surely not Turtle Moccasin! (1980:57:51). -on mode. PRET; plural suffix for verbs of the surprisal mode (also called preterite mode). hvomhoono. He saw him (pret). 'hkhe'sevnho-ontse hestovottse. His ears drained (pret). See: ho PRET.
onhxe- pv. might, maybe. Tse-onhxepe'pe'eotse. There might be trouble. -onhxenaotse. He's
probably sleeping (for example, could be said when there is no answer to knocking on his door). Nhta-onhxemsehe ma'taevaphvomhthto. I might eat if I feel better. Noncontracted: nonhxe-.Variant: onxe-. See: me'-; meh-; htse-.
onme'to'- i. switch; exchange. Notes (Phonology) contracted from nonme'to'onxepv. might; maybe. hov'he tseonxhe'po He might have something to smoke. (Phonology) contracted from nonhxe-Variant: onhxe-.
[Croft]
Notes
-n(e) m. rope-shaped; stringlike; strand-like. refers to any rope-like entity for example, rope, string,
thread, fence, wire, snake. hekvonean'o barbed wire. tshe'st-neehe. He (stringlike object) is long. a fence is considered to have the shape indicated by this medial. am-neane. It is fenced/there is a fence (for example, along the highway).Variant: -n. Etymology: *-a:py (noun final).
-n voice. passive suffix for TA verb stems ending in -ov or -ev with unspecified subjects and nonthird person semantic objects. Nvovstom-ne I was taught. See: -an; -e; -ohe.
-onaht vai. deaf. -onhta. He is deaf. See: -on'aht. Etymology: *kakye:pehte:wa.
Onahthe na. Deafy. See: Anht'e. -onahtmne

vai. pretend to be deaf. -onahtmne. He is pretending to be deaf. Nhtaonahtmne. I'll pretend to be deaf. For example, this can be done when getting criticised by
community members.
-neehe fai. be rope-shaped; stringlike; strand-like; tubular. tnetaa'-neehe How big around is he (of
stringlike object, incl. a snake)? tshe'st-neehe He (stringlike object) is long. a fence is considered to have the shape indicated by this medial. See: -n.
-one'sn vti. vta. turn over s.t./s.o. See: e'kse-. -one'sna. He turned it over. -onee'snho He
turne him (someone round?) over. maato th-one'sneha! At least go turn him over! (humorously said about s.o. passed our drunk or s.o. who is sleeping too long). mentse ohkeonee'snnstse kokahkse chokecherries (when drying) are turned over every little while. See: -e'sn.
-onetan vai. particular, picky. for example, a person for whom you feel like you have to clean up
your house for them to visit; some whites are viewed this way. -onetno. He is particular/picky. ohke-onetanoo'o. They are very particular. See: -vovhponahe.
Oneha na. Ponca; Omaha Indian.Pl: Onhao'o. onha'- i. untie. Onh'e na. Ponca Woman. -onha'e'o'h vta. untie s.o. Antonym: -too'et. -onha'e'o'hho He untied him. onha'e'o'xeha Let him
go! ta'se ohkxae-onha'e'o'he He just takes off (like a caged animal uncaged, for example, he wants to play outdoors).
-onha'en vti. untie s.t./s.o., unloose s.t./s.o. Antonym: -too'et. -onha'na. He untied it.
vta. nha'enomveha! Untie his (for example, his shoestring(s))!
-onha'eno'ham
vai. untie horses, turn loose horses. Antonym: -too'eto'ham. N-onha'eno'hme I turned the horses loose. vai. untie shoe(s). See: -onha'en; vhe'e. -onha'ethvo'ehe He untied his shoes. Onha'ethvo'eestse! Untie your shoestrings!
-onha'ethvo'ehe (thov?)
-onha'ht vti. untie s.t. by mouth (esp. teeth). -onha'hta. He untied it with his teeth. -onha''toen vti. rip out; undo s.t. (by hand). esp. to rip out a seam of cloth. -onha''tna She
ripped it out. Notes (Phonology) hle
-onhama'khov vai. throw hints. -onhama'khva. He is throwing hints. Synonym: -totnet'an. -onhameohe vai. sneak around; surprise approach. Nsta-onhameohema! Let's approach (someone)
by surprise!
-onham'an vai. hint; speak indirectly; beat around the bush. -onham'ne. He beats around the
bush/doesn't come straight out/hints. fai: -'an.
onhantaxe na. war dancer; Omaha dancer.Pl: Onhantxeo'o. the pl. is the name of a society, which
some translate only as 'Omaha Dancers'; Petter said this was "a dancing club started some 24 years ago and made up of the younger men" (a "newer organization"; PD777ff.). See: ntaxe.
onhantxome ni. Omaha lodge. -onhantxvsan vai. dress as a war dancer.Literally: omaha-warrior-dress. -onhanotxvsne.
He is dressed as a war dancer. [Head Chief text] fai: -san2.
onhanotxvsanesttse
ni. Omaha outfit.Pl: onhanotxvsanstottse ?s?.
Dance
outfit;
war
dance
-onhantxvhomo'he vai. war dance. -onhantxvhomo'he. He's war dancing. Onhantxvhom'hesttse ni. Omaha Dance, War Dance. Usage: Some translate this as 'War
Dance' but others say it should only be translated as 'Omaha Dance.'.
Onhao'h'e ni. Ponca River. It enters the Missouri between the mouths of the Missouri River and
Niobrara River in northeastern Nebraska.
onhavo'e ni. drum. See: onhv'ke bead.Pl: onhv'stse.
-onhavo'kame ni. bead (poss.). na-onhavo'kamtse my beads. IndepNoun: onhv'ke. onhv'ke

ni. bead.Pl: onhv'kstse. (Phonology) hle Possessive: -onhavo'kame. See: onhavo'e drum. Notes
-onhpanaha vai. ineffective. -onhpanaha. He is 'tight-lipped' (you can't get anything out of him)/he
never participates.
onhpenhovhe na. gnat.Literally: eye obstructer. Pl: onhpenhovheo'o. Obviative: onhpenhovheho. onhpenhovso na. small gnats.Pl: onhpenhovsoneho. Obviative: onhpenhovsoneho. -onhpotoo'est vai. 1 obstructed ears.
2 stubborn, will not listen. Usage: fig.. -onhpotoo'sta the holes in his ears are blocked (=
you can't get through to him; he won't listen).
-on'aht vti. taste-test s.t. -on'hta. He taste-tested it. On'hthtse! Taste-test it! vta: -on'ot. See: onaht; -phv'aht; -m'aht; -n'ht.
-on'am vai. practice shooting. See: -ame; -ho'am. -on'me He's practicing shooting. -on'ev'sant vii. teach in various; different ways. -on'ev'santo It teaches in various forms/it
teaches in different ways.
-on'ev'ov vta. guide; direct s.o. N'-on'ev'ovemeno Guide us! -on'evm vta. counsel s.o., urge s.o. to be straight, talk sense into s.o. -on'evamo. He talked sense
into him. -on'evmho. (pronunciation of younger speakers). See: -mseevm.
-on'evve'xove
vii. be a change in time. -on'evve'xove It is a change of seasons ?? tson'evve'xvee'stse ?? seasons.
-on'ot vta. taste-test s.o. -on'otho. He taste-tested him. vti: -on'aht. -on'se'xan vai. eye(s) bulge out. -on'se'xne his eyes bulge out. -on'se'xann
vta. punch s.o.'s eyes out. -on'se'xannho Usage: probably typically used humorously.
He punched his eyes out.
on'sem- i. real; genuine. The difference between on'sem- and hetm- seems to be that the former
refers to something being real or genuine, while the latter to something being true or correct. See: hetm-.
-on'semhhta
vai. believe. on'semtam.
-on'semhhta.
He believes. vta: -on'semhahtov. See: -on'semtam. -
-on'semhaht'tov
vta. believe s.o. on'semhaht'tovho He believed him.
See: -on'semhahtov;
-on'semhahtsan vai. Final: -san.believe people. -on'semhahtsne He believes people. -on'semhahtov vta. believe s.o. -on'semhahtovho. He believes him. See: -on'semhaht'tov;
-on'semtam.
-on'semahe vai. real; genuine. -on'semahe. He's genuine. See: -hetmahe. -on'semtam vta. believe s.o. that is, believe what he says is true. -on'sematamho. He believed
him. vti: -on'semtsest. See: -on'semhahtov; -on'semhaht'tov; -hetmem.
-on'sematamaahe vai. be of true character. ma'heo'o -on'sematamaahe God is of true character

(he is reliable, he can be believed in).
-on'semtsest vti. believe s.t. This means to believe that something is true. -on'semtssta. He
believed it. vta: -on'sematam.
on'seme-
pv. truly, certainly. strengthens performative force; hetme- strengthens propositional content. See: hetme-; ts'e. -on'semenhesotse. It really happened that way. on'semeaneve It is truly winter. N-on'sem-hetme I am really telling the truth (1987:175). N-on'semenheve. I am guilty (lit. I truly did that).
On'semenone na. Real Ree. See: none.
-on'semetan
vai. serious; genuinely think. ohkevaphvomhtahe vo'stane hton'semetanosstse a person gets healed when he truly believes,... (1987:202). sa'on'semetanhe. He's acting like nothing happened. See: -on'semhaht.
-on'sem vii. true; real; genuine. -on'semo It is true. Jesus hemeo'o no'ke-on'semotse. Jesus'
road is alone true. (from a song). See: -hetmt.
on'semhta'heo'o ni. true story. See: hhta'heo'o; estomhta'heo'o. Notes (Phonology) vs -on'semo'etahe
vai. genuinely do; believe in a ceremony; actually do the impossible. ohkeema'xena'xvaenaehevovho tsohkemhae-on'semo'ethvse the (spirits' rattles) hit
them (on the head), those who used to believe that way (1987:146).
-on'semo' vai. look serious. xae-on'sem'o He just looked serious. -on'semotse'ohe vai. believe in (own) work. -on'semotse'ohe He believes in his work/his work
means a lot to him/he truly works(?).
-on'ehtho'he vai. burn leg(s). -on'ehtho'he He burned his leg. -on'khtho'he vai. burn leg(s). -on'khtho'he He burned his leg. -on'vam vta. warn s.o. See: -o'hevm. N-on'vmo I warn him. [Croft] -on'xho'he vai. burned. -on'xho'he. He got burned (for example, on the stove). -on'xho'h(n) vta. burn s.o. N-on'xh'no. I burned him. -on'xho'nho. He burned him. See: vonho'h(n). Final: -aho'h(n).
-on'xhtsho'he vai. burn mouth, mouth burn. N-on'xhtsho'he. I burned my mouth. for example,
from drinking coffee that is too hot.
-on'xhtsenho'he vai. burn; scald mouth (or tongue). -on'xhtsenho'he He scalded his mouth
(for example, drinking something too hot). Medial: -ahtsen; Final: -ho'he.
-on'xoehe'on''h
vta. scratch hand of s.o. N-on'xoehe'on''ho. I scratched his hand. See: htha''h scratch s.o..
-on'xoehe'onvo'om vta. scratch hand of s.o. with teeth. Nxamaehtsstove-on'xoehe'onvo'oma.

He scratched my hand with his teeth. [Croft]
-on'xoenstane
vai. fall and scrape knee. -on'xoenstane. He fell and scraped his knee. Medial: -nstan.
-on'xoenstvo'e vai. (fall and?) scrape knee, knee scrape - fall. -on'xoenstvo'e. He scraped
his knee.
-on'xoeht vai. have a scraped leg. -on'xoehta. He has a scraped leg. -on'xoeotse vii. vai. peel. -on'xoeotse. ?? It peeled (off?) (itself?). ?? [Croft] -on'xoestsvo'e vai. scrape head falling; fall and scrape head. -on'xoestsavo'e. He scraped his
head in a fall.
-on'xoests'oonxen vai. fall and scrape elbow. -on'xoests'oonxe He fell and scraped his elbow. -on'xonoh
scrape s.t. by tool. for example, scrape old paint off a chair before repainting it. on'xonha He scraped it.
-on'xonoh(n) vta. scrape; peel s.o. See: -s'senoh(n). -on'xonhnho He scraped him (for example, a
tree). -on'xonhnovo hox'e They are peeling the lodgepoles.
on'xov- i. peel (thin surface). -on'xovan vti. peel s.t./s.o. for example, an egg or an apple. -on'xovna. He peeled it (for example,
an egg).
vta. -on'xovanho. He peeled him (for example, an orange). vii: -on'xoeotse.
onm- i. twisted. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: nm-. -onem vta. concerned about s.o., pay attention to s.o. See: -ono'ktahe. -onemho. He is concerned
about him/he paid attention to him. sa'-onemheho. He's not paying attention to him. vti: onest, -onen. See: -momnovtam.
onma''aneo'o ni. wrench. -onma''en

vti. vta. twist around s.t./s.o. See: -nhpo'an; -ta'ta'en. tsa'e tsxhsta ohketeonma''enovo whichever way the wind blows they can change (the tepee smoke hole's)
position (1987:224).
-onma'ma'xov vai. Medial: -ma'.make the turn plowing. ts'evho'onma'-ma'xvse v'ho'e

after the whiteman came back around plowing (1987:70). Medial: -ma'.
onma'ta'ne'taneo'o ni. wrench. onma'to'aneo'o

ni. screwdriver. Pl: onma'to'aneontse. Notes (Phonology) apoc; vsVariant: onma'to'eneo'o.
-onma'to'e'ham
vta. swing s.o. in a circle. mstate-onma'to'e'hamhevovhe They were to swing (the flags) in a circular motion (1987:95).
-onma'tao'n vti. vta. twist s.t./s.o. around. -onma'tao'na. He twist it around. (for example, a stick
in a hole). -onma'tao'nho. He twisted him around.
onma'to'eneo'o
ni. screwdriver. Pl: onma'to'eneontse.
Notes
(Phonology)
apoc;
vsVariant: onma'to'aneo'o.
-onma'to'xanovsn
vta. twist and pull out hair of s.o. -onma'to'xanovsenho He twisted-pulled out his hair ??h?
onme- pv. crooked. -onmeamehtse. He limps (walks) in different directions. -onme'xan vai. crosseyed. See: -nma'xan. -onme'xne. He crosseyed. -onmeotse vii. crooked. -onmeotse. It (for example, a road) is crooked. See: -vovhkeotse. -onms'tseva' vai. vii. jerk back and forth, fishtail. for example, of a car slipping in the mud or on
ice. -onms'tsev'o. It's/He's jerking back and forth.
-onmstsstonvo'khan
vai. Medial: -htsston.wear shoes onmstsstonvo'khna He has on shoes with crooked heels.
with
crooked
heels.
-onmetan vai. have twisted; crooked thinking. -onmetno He is 'thinking crooked' (= he is 'not
himself'). [1987:241]
-onm
vii. crooked. -onmo It's crooked. Synonym: -vovhkahe. Notes (Phonology) redup Nonreduplicated: -nm.
-onmhtheve vii. vai. have crooked design. this is not desirable. -onmhthvnstse They (inan.)
have crooked designs.
-onmo'to'etova' vai. twist; writhe. -onmo'to'etov'o He is twisting/his body is writhing. -onmo'to'evonehn vai. writhe while crawling (for example, as a snake). -onmo'to'evonhne He
is crawling-writhing.
-onmo'to'h vai. writhe intertwined with s.o. -onmo'to'hestseo'o They (esp. snakes) are writhing
intertwined.
-onmo'to'o'tonohe
vai. have braids all the way around the head. -onmo'to'o'tonohe She is braided all the way around her head.
-onmonean vti. vta. misalign s.t. said of a fence. -onmoneane. It (a fence) has posts misaligned (not
straight vertically with ref. to each other). Medial: -n.
-onmo' vai. scrutinize. -onm'o He's scrutinizing.Literally: twisted-look. -onmom vta. scrutinize s.o., aim at s.o. -onmoomho. He scrutinized him. See: -ho''et; -vom. -onmosan vai. scrutinize. whites are perceived to do this. -onmsne He is scrutinizing. -onmoton vai. Medial: -n.have wandering eyes. -onmotone He has wandering/distorted eyes. -onen vta. give wedding gift to s.o. The gift is given to a relative at an Indian wedding. Typically, this
gift is a blanket. -onenho. She gave her a wedding gift. esp. to give a wedding gift to your brother-in-law's wife. Nth-onno. I'm taking him a wedding gift blanket. See: -mt; naheve; -'eh; -onenov; -nhethot; -phve'tov; -'eh.
-onen vti. ignore s.t., not pay attention to s.t. only used in the negative. sa'-onenhnvo. They didn't
pay attention to it. vta: -onem.
-onen mbp. tooth, teeth. ne'x-onenehe. He brushed (lit. washed) his teeth. t'st-onne. He has long
teeth. hk-onen'o. He (esp. a dog) is showing his teeth (for example, when snarling at someone). tk-onne. He has protruding teeth. See: ve'se; -ht; -om.
onne- i. break; damage. -onnhahtho'he vai. burn feet. -onnhahtho'he. He burned his foot/feet. -onnenohts vti. break s.t.; damage s.t.; destroy s.t. -onnenhtsevtse They destroyed it. See: onnevo'h; -penohts.
-onneotse vii. break, break down. -onneotse. It broke down. See: -o'e'eotse. -onnevo'hahts
vti. break s.t. by dropping. The dropping can be accidental or deliberate. onnevo'hhtse. He dropped it, breaking it. See: -onnxa'hahts.
[PD653]
-onnevo'ee vai. lie destroyed; broken from dropping. -onnevo'e. He lay in pieces, torn apart. -onnevo'h
vti. destroy s.t.; break down s.t. m'se-onnevo'hnovtse. They completely destroyed it. See: -onnenohts; -penohts.
-onnxho'h(n) vta. burn s.o., destroy s.o. (by heat). -onnxho'nho. He burned (or destroyed)
him (with heat). N-onnxho'he. He burned me.
-onnxahts vti. break s.t. for example, to break something which hasn't been used for years and so
may be rusted by now. -onnxhtse. He broke it. See: -pa'hahts; -onnevo'hahts; onnxa'hahts.
-onnxa''ts -onnxan
vti. break s.t. -onnxa''tse. onnevo'hahts; -onnxahts.
He broke it.
See: -pa'hahts;
-pe''ts;
vti. take apart s.t., break s.t. See: -onnxan. -onnxna. He took it apart. Mthonnxanhhe vstoemhtsvxe'stoo'o. He must have gotten a divorce (decree) (lit. destroyed
the marriage paper (license)).
-onnxoet vii. tattered. emhe-onnxoeto. It was all tattered. [1987:104] -onnxha vti. dismantle s.t. for instance, by banging on something with some tool. -onnxha.
He's dismantling it.
-onnxhan vai. pay bill(s). -onnxhne. He paid his bill(s). -onnx'eotse vii. break down. -onnx'eotse. It broke down. for example, of a car. Medial: -'e. -onnxomev vta. pay s.o. -onnxomevho. He paid him. Nsta-onnxomevtse. I'll pay you. Nstseonnxomeva. He will pay you. -onnxomohe. He got paid. Tsvhonevese sa'ovhponevaonnxomheheo'o. Chiefs are not repaid. (it would hurt their feelings). See: -tsvae'h pay bill
to s.o..
-onnxomon vta. be paid. -onnxomne. He got paid. Usage: Said to be the Northern Ch. way of
expressing this meaning, while the So. Ch. way is said to be -heotssan. vta: -onnxhemev. See: -heotssan.
-onnxomt vta. pay s.o. -onnxomoto. He paid him. -onnxomtho. pronunciation of younger
speakers.
-onenov vai. give wedding gift. -onenva. He gave blankets at an Indian wedding. -onenovao'o.
They (groom's relatives) gave gifts to the bride's family (on behalf of the groom). Nto'seonenovahe? Are you going to take the bride gift bundles? In the past, the bride gift bundles would typically include a shawl, blanket, or other material goods; today, they often include dishes, a horse, guns, or money. A horse usually goes to the bride's brother or whoever receives the gits as part of the ceremony. The bride's parents furnish the food; they feed the groom's relatives that bring the bride gifts. When these gifts are given, the groom's spokesman will say something like this: "We have brought his (the bride's oldest brother) a horse and we have brought her sister gifts. The bride's spokeswoman responds, "Thank you, we accept the gifts..." Those who receive the bride gifts should return gifts one year later when the bride's family puts on the "return". A woman of the bride's family might pick out a shawl from the bride gifts
(monoomne 'she picked out a shawl'). Some of the bride's party might say, "I'll just take money (so I won't have to give a tent in return next year)," in other words, so as not to obligate themselves too much for giving at the return. At the return (to[sevanhvah'enstove 'they are going to have a return'), a year later, when the groom's parents come to eat and get their tents, they bring along with them the ho'e'hanhtottse, things to "pay" for their meal; these things are distributed. If someone just shows up to eat at a wedding meal, either at the wedding or at the return, but they aren't related to either the groom's or bride's family, they are still allowed to eat. It is consider O.K. They would typically say nvho'hnom'hohkeve. The bride is called mn'e (lit. new-woman). The groom is said to be nheve 'he's married into the family'.
onenovahttse ni. wedding gift-giving. by groom's relatives on behalf of the groom to the bride's
family at an Indian wedding; might be called an 'ante-dowry'. See: -onen.Pl: onenovhtottse.
onse- pv. try to. nse-mseetnhtse! Try to sober up! Naa taxa'e nhtave-onsenmenme taa'eva.
And let's see, we'll try to sing some songs tonight. *kakwe:ci.
[1987:41]
See: oh-; 'tse-. Etymology:
-onse'tov vta. test s.o. -onse'tovho. He tested him. -onsem vta. test s.o., question s.o. -onsemho. He tested him (by speaking) / he asked him to see if
he would say yes or no. See: -nhtsstov; -oo'htam.
-onsn vta. touch face of s.o. -onsnho. He touched his face. See: -ts'en. onsova- i. apart; separate; in two. See: nsovave-. -onsovahe
vai. separate; divorce. See: to'ove- ?; -vho'oet. -onsovahe He is separated/he is divorced/he is apart. -onsovheo'o They are separated. naa mto tav'e-onsovhnove and also there is divorce from it (liquor) (1987:61).
-onsova'ee vai. lie separated in two. -onsova'e. He lay separated in two. [PD653] -onsovan vti. separate, divide, spread apart s.t./s.o. not used with sg. object ?? -onsovantse. He
separated them (inan.)/he spread them apart. Onsvnhtse! Separate it (or them)! vta. -onsovanho. He separated them. N-onsovanoo'o. I separated them (animate).
-onsovaohts vai. separate. naa nhhe mstate-onsovaohtshevhe and they separated (around
this ridge) (1987:95). -onsovaohtseo'o They (for example, a man and wife) are separating.
-onsovaotse vai. vii. separate. -onsovaotseo'o. They (an.) separated. -onsvt vii. split; two ways. -onsvto. It goes in two directions. on(st)- i. test. nest- i. open. -onest vti. concerned about s.t., pay attention to s.t. -onsta. He is concerned about it. sa'-onsthe.
He didn't pay attention to it; it didn't attract his attention. Synonym: onen; vta: -onem.
-onstaema'ee(na) vai. lie coiled. -onstaema'e(na) He (snake or rope) is lying coiled. -onstan vai. have a round face. -onstane He has a round face.Variant: -onstan. -onsth'en vai. cook testing a recipe. -onsth'ne. She's trying out a recipe. onstahk- i. round; circular. -onsthkahe vai. round; circular. -onsthkahe. He is full/he is round (for example, full moon).
Taa'ee'he ta-onsthkahe. The moon is round (that is, full). onsthkahe. It (the moon) is almost full.
[1987:276]
eto'stae-
-onsthkan vti. make s.t./s.o. round. -onsthkna. He made it round. Onsthknhtse! Make it
round! for example, make a ball out of the dough.
onsthk- pv. round. onsthk-mhtse'ko ni. wheel.Literally: round-leg. onsthk-ma'kaata ni. coin. onsthkma'kaatnstse ?[ coins.Literally: round-money.
-onsthkn
vai. have a round face. -onsthkne. He has a round face.Variant: -onstan. BodyPartMedial: -n. vai. have a round design (that onsthkeoxa'hnstse They have a round design. See: -a'k.
-onsthkeoxa'he
is,
medicine
wheel
design).
-onstahk vii. round, circular. -onsthko. It is round. ts-onsthko circle (that which is round). Onsthkhom'hesttse ni. Ring Dance. Final: -ohom'he. -onsthko'ema'eh
vii. rolled up. esp. of different kinds of paper, such as wallpaper. onsthko'ema'ha. It is rolled up. fii: -eh.
-onsthko'hon't vii. be set in a circle (as of a camp). See: -ho'hoon't. -onsthko'hon'ta It's set
in a circle.
-onsthknee
vai. stand in a circle. -onsthkneeeo'o They are standing in a circle. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -.
-onsthkneee vai. coiled ropelike. -onsthkne. He (rope or snake) is coiled. Medial: -n. -onsthkxe'ohe vii. written as a circle. -onsthkxe'ohe. It is written as a circle ; there is a circle
written.
-onsta'no'ham vai. try to drive, learn to drive, drive test. -onsta'no'hme. He is taking driver's
education. fai: -a'no'ham.
-nsta'h vii. open from wind. -nst'ha. It opened from the wind. for example, a door. -nsta'hahts vti. jerk open s.t., throw open s.t. esp. a door or gate. -nsta'hhtse. He threw it (for
example, door) open. ms-onsta'hhtse. He jerked it open. Reduplicated: -onsta'hahts; Antonym: -hoo'hahts. See: -ta'ta'a'hahts.
-nstan vti. open s.t. -nstna. It opened it. for example, to open a door or window. nstnhtse
he'ntoo'o! Open it the door! nstnhtse! Open it! See: -ta'ta'en. Etymology: cf. M
pa:hkehtaenam.
-onstan test s.t./s.o. by touching. for example, to determine its identity or texture. -onstna. He
tested it by feeling. -onstanho. He checked him out by touching him.
-onstanae'ov vta. test weight on s.o. ?? mstaets=ta'se=onstanae'ovhevhe He went out there

testing his weight on (that log). (1987:281).
-nstnen vai. open. esp. of opening a gate or door. Th-nstannnstse! Open the gate! nstn'o
ni. doorknob.Literally: opener. Pl: nstaneontse. Notes (Phonology) vsVariant: nstaneo'o ??.
-nstaneoneve vii. be a gate. -nstaneoneve (t?) at the gate/where it's a gate. -nstohts
vii. open gradually. tsstahahpe'e-nsthtse after (the door) had opened widely
(1987:41).
-onsttam vta. test s.o., analyze s.o., evaluate s.o. for example, to find out the quality or character of
s.o., as a banker might check you out to see if you are a good credit risk. -onstatamho. He analyzed him. N-onsttmo. I tested him. Naa taxa'e nsta-onstatamone ts'the. Well, let's try this one (an.) out. [1987:186] See: -ononstatam.
-onsttsest vti. test s.t. -onsttssta He tested it. N-onsttssta hetmo ?[ I'm testing it to see if
it's true.
-onstoestne'seh vta. Final: -'seh.test s.o. in study. -onstoestne'shho He tested him (for example,
in school in reading or counting).
-onsthn vai. fool; fake by hand motions (esp. in handgame); practice handgame. -onsthne.
He's trying to fool (by various hand motions). fai: -ohn. See: -amhn; -ohooov.
-onsto'hotse vai. practice running. -onsto'hotse. He practiced running. -onst'an vai. try to say. -onst'ne. He tried to talk (for example, a new language learner). fai: 'an.
-onsto'eh vta. test s.o. -onsto'eeho. He tested him.
-onsto'em ?? vta. test s.o. ?? -onsto'emho ?? He tested him (through speaking). See: -onsem. -onsto'eests vti. test s.t. -onsto'estse. He tested it. -onsto'etahe vai. experiment, do something on a trial basis. -onsto'etahe. He did an experiment. onsto'ethesttse ni. experiment. -onsto'soo'e vai. try to play. -onsto'soo'e. He's trying to play. for example, as it is this person's first
time to play a particular game. See: -vo'soo'e.
-nsto't vii. open. refers to being physically open. esp. of a gate or door. -nst'ta. ?? It is open.
See: -ta'ta'o't.
-onstoma'xov vai. try to plow. -onstoma'xva He tried to plow. -onstotse't vta. try s.o. out for a job.Literally: test-work-s.o.. -onstotse'oto. He tried him out for a job. ne- i. pain. -neotse He is in pain. Etymology: cf. O aakozi (N). nepv. painful(ly). nevo'stanhevesttse a painful (or 'hard') life. -neamehtse He's painfully
walking.
-nestoonohts vai. Medial: -stoon.have pain in the throat. -nestoonhtse He has pain in
the throat.
-nhahtohts
foot/feet.
vai. Medial: -haht.have pain in the foot. -nhahthtse He has pain in the
-nhe'onohts vai. have pain in the hand. -nhe'onhtse. He has pain in the hands. Medial: he'on.
-nhoton'eonohts
joints.
vai. have pain in the joints. -nhoton'eonhtse He has pain in his
-ne'stohts vai. pain in the ear(s), earache. N-ne'sthtse. I have an earache. Medial: -'est. -ne'xann vta. hurt eyes of s.o. -ne'xannho ?? He hurt his eye(s). Final: '-xan. -nem
vta. hurt feelings of s.o. (by talking) ?? See: -oxot ??; -nxan. -nemho He hurt his feelings (by talking).
-nemenoo'xanohts vai. have pain in the eyeballs, eye pain. -nemenoo'xanhtse. He has
pain in the eyeball. BodyPartMedial: -'xan.
-nenmohts vai. Medial: -nm.have pain in the thigh. -nenmhtse He has pain in the thigh. -neoha'ov vta. cause pain to s.o. M'-neoha'ehhe. It was very painful to him (Stamper 1991:4). -neohts vai. be in pain. This is longer term pain than -neotse. -nehtse. He is in pain. See: neotse.
-ne'e vai. stand in pain, painfully stand. -ne'e. He's standing in pain. -neotse vai. pained, hurt. -neotse. He got hurt / became pained. This is a more sudden onset of pain
than -neohts. See: -neohts.
-nsto'onohts vai. Medial: -hto'on.have pain in the jaw. -nsto'onhtse He has pain in
the chin/jaw.
-nstsohts vai. have pain in the head. for example, from a headache; i.e. from the inside of the
head. Medial: -hts. See: -nxa'e; -hama't. -nstshtse He has pain in the head.
-nee vai. lie pained. -ne. He is in pain from lying down. -nevo'ee
vai. pain from fall. -nevo'e. He is in pain from a fall/accident/bumping into
something.
onkevesev'stse a kind of reed. -ontahe vai. different. not used with sg. subjects ?? Non-reduplicated: -ntahe. ts'the ts-onthese
these different (groups) (1987:15).
-onthvahe vai. be different. not used in sg. -onthvheo'o. They are different. Non-contracted: nonthvahe; Non-reduplicated: -nthvahe. Notes (Phonology) contracted from -nonthvahe ?
-onthva'e onthve-
vii. be different. emhe=ta'se=onthva'e hov'he. (Now) like, everything is all different. [1987:224] Non-reduplicated: -nthva'e. Notes (Phonology) redup pv. different. ts-onthvstsavo'o'ee'stse different types of flowers. Noncontracted: nonthve-; Non-reduplicated: nthve-. Notes (Phonology) redup; contracted from nonethve-?
Onthve'e na. Different Stands Woman. -onthvstnv ?? vai. live in different places. not used with sg. subjects. -onethvstanoveo'o.
They (for example, Indians) live in different (that is, a variety of) places.
-onthvostomo'he
vai. be of different characters. -onthvostom'heo'o They (an.) are of various kinds of character. -onthvostom'heo'o nee vo'staneo'o there are two kinds of people ?? Notes (Phonology) redup vai. tell a=story differently. naa ohke-onthvhta'haneo'o v'h'e but white people tell the story in various ways (1987:22). Notes (Phonology) redup
-onthvhta'han
-onthvo'ev vai. have different skin. not used with sg. subjects. -onethvo'evao'o They (an.)
have different skins (for example, from each other; for example, different races).
-onthvoo'e
vai. sit differently occasionally. -onthvoo'e. He sits once in awhile in different positions. Non-reduplicated: -nthvoo'e. ni. different writing. Usage: probably rare in the singular.Pl: onthvxe'stnstottse. The plural may be used for 'crayons' by some speakers, but others say this is not an appropriate word for a crayon since this word only refers to different writing, not different colors.
onthvxe'stnesttse
nthtse p. instead; you should have asked someone else. an epistemic expression that is difficult to
translate; could be used in a situation like this: when talking and getting carried away, s.o. (probably a listener) can say nthtse which could mean 'No, that means YOU; it's pertaining to YOU.'. See: m't'e. Hnhhe nthtse mhnstsheee'easeohtshevhe. That's where they headed up towards those hills. [1987:42]
-ontoomotse vai. skin peel. See: -on'xonoh(n). N-ontoomotse my skin is peeling (for example,
after sunburn).
-ontovanen
vai. hurry. -ontovanne. He hurried. Notes (Phonology) redup ?? less common pronunciation than -ontovanen.Variant: -ontovanen.
ontkeonhavo'e ni. little round drum. -nxhtsenohts

vai. have pain in the mouth. -nxhtsenhtse He has pain in the mouth. Medial: -ahtsen.
-nxa'e vai. have pain in the head. for example, from a bump or from lying on something; this is
pain inflicted from the outside of the head. -nxa'e. His head hurts/he hurt his head. See: nstsohts.
-nxa'o'h vta. hurt s.o. -nxa'o'hho. He hurt him. sahne'enhnvo tsohkhee-nxa'o'hatse.

They don't know how much they hurt us. [BERTHA.TXT] See: -nxan.
-nxa'ov vta. pain s.o., hurt s.o. novse-nxa'oo'e. He afterwards feels pain from it (for example,
after he wronged s.o.).
-nxan vta. hurt s.o. See: ne-; -nem; -oxot. -nxanho He hurt him (can be psychological pain).
ohke-nxan'e ma'heo'o tsohkhavsvo'ethtsese They hurt God when they sin. Nsa'nxanaeheo'o They did not hurt me (1987:48). Synonym: -nxa'o'h.
-nxsohts vai. have pain on the stomach. -nxshtse. He has pain on the stomach surface.
BodyPartMedial: -as2.
-nxhe'onohts vai. pain in the hand. N-nxhe'onhtse. I have pain in my hand. Medial: -he'on.
See: -oononohts.
-nxhthtse
vai. stomachache. -nxhthtse. He has a stomachache / he has pain in the abdomen. N-nxhthtse. I have a stomachache. Medial: -oht. See: -as; tone.
-nxonenohts vai. have a toothache. -nxonenhtse He has a toothache/pain in a tooth.
-nxohevohts vai. have pain in a nail (or cuticle). -nxohevhtse He has pain in a nail (for
example, in cuticle next to nail).
-onxoo'e vai. sit in pain, painfully sit. -onxoo'e. He's sitting in pain. -nxotome vai. have a sideache. -nxotome. He has a sideache.Literally: pain-breathe. -nxotmeotse vai. have a sideache. N-nxotmeotse. I have gotten a sideache. on- i. ashore; emerge. See: onve-. -oneoesem
vta. summon; call; invite s.o. with urgency. See: -onom. -oneoesemho He summoned/called him. Nxhtoohkho'e-oneoesemane She tried to summon us (1987:196).
-oneotseh vta. remove s.o. from water, bring s.o. ashore. -oneotshho. He removed him from the
water.
-onh(n) vta. remove; knock out s.o. by tool. tsstaema'ho'hetsse '-onhnsesto After (the rock;
obv.) got red hot he knocked it out (of the fire) (with a stick). [Croft 1988:16:7]
-onhn
vai. come ashore; swim ashore. -onhne He came out of the water/he swam ashore. Etymology: cf. M akuaqtaw.
on'- i. proper; straight; upright. Preverb: on'e-; vii: -on'. -ono'ahe vai. proper, upright, respected, right, handsome. -ono'ahe. He is nice looking / he is proper.
vii: -on'. Etymology: cf. *kwaya0wi proper' (corresp.??).
-on'a''ov vta. guide s.o. -on'a''ovho He guided him/he kept him straight (or proper)/he kept him
'in line'. N-on'a''oo'e ma'heo'o heestsesttse. God's word keeps me in line. Ma'henemhta'soma nohkeame-on'a''ova. The Holy Spirit guides me along. See: -on'eotseh; ameotseh; -ne'evotseh.
-on'an vti. correct s.t. -on'na. He guided it. va-on'nhtse! Straighten things out!
vta. guide s.o. See: -on'eotseh. -on'anho. He guided him.
-on'an vai. pronounce correctly. -on'ne. He pronounced correctly. fai: -'an. -on'anom -ono'tam
vta. correct pronunciation of s.o. -on'anomho. He corrected his pronunciation. Ma'ta'ht'anto ne'va-on'anomeo'o! If I mispronounce, correct me! vta. respect s.o. See: -e'hahtov; -ono'etan'tov. -ono'tamho. He respects him. on'atamho. (variant). Ono'tama ma'hhkseho! Respect old people! Final: -tam.
-ono'tamaahe vai. respected; honorable. -ono'tamaahe. He's respected. -ono'tse'oneve vai. respected. -ono'tse'oneve. He is respected. -on'atsstahe vai. upright; respected character. -on'atsstahe. He is of upright character. on'e- pv. straight; correct; upright; proper; right. -on'evo'stanheve. He lives a straight (or correct)
life. See: xanove-.
on'eestsstsanhe na. counselor. Usage: likely a neologism.Literally: proper-talking-person. -ono'eh vii. lie even. -ono'hnstse They are lying even. [PD653] -on'hahts vti. straighten out s.t. -on'hhtse. He straightened it out. vta: -on'ham. -on'em vta. speak to s.o. to be straight, speak about s.o. that is straight. -on'emho. He spoke to him
giving him advice how to live straight/correct.
-on'e'e -on'eotse
vai. stand in straight line. for example, of a straight fence. -on'e'e. He is standing
straight.
vai. vii. straighten out. for example, from his crooked way of living. -on'eotse. He straightened out. See: -xanov. on'an; -ameotseh; -ne'evotseh. -on'eotshho. He guided him. ma'heo'o nohkeameon'eotseha. God guides me along (for example, through the rough spots in life).
-on'eotseh vta. guide s.o. has the idea of guiding s.o. so that they behave properly. See: -on'a''ov; -
-on'ee vai. lie even. -on'enao'o. They are lying even. [PD653] -ono'etan'tov vta. respect s.o. See: -ono'tam. -ono'etan'tovho He respects him.
-on'evm
vta. Final: -vm.counsel s.o.; urge s.o. to act properly; guide s.o. with speaking. on'evamo He counseled him.
on'evmhts-mh'o ni. counseling center; treatment center; half-way house. Usage: neologism. -on'ham vta. net s.o. esp. to catch a fish with a net. -on'hamho. He caught him (as a fish). on'haseo'o ni. fishing net. Usage: obsolescing.Variant: on'h'o. Pl: on'haseontse. See: -on'hen. -on'homahe vai. awkward; feeble ?? -on'homahe He is feeble/he is awkward. See: -ssveotse. on'ketse- pv. carelessly. -ono'khtahe vai. (careless). seems to be only used as a negative. sa'-ono'khthhe. He is careless /
not organized. See: -ono'khtahe; -onem.
-on' vii. straight, proper, correct. seems to include meaning of 'right,' 'proper,' 'correct'. This differs
from -hetm and -hetmt in that the current form has to do with 'right' in the sense being correct or proper, whereas these other forms have to do with 'right' in the sense of being true to facts. -on'o It's straight. sa-on'hane. It's not proper/right. vai: -on'ahe. See: xanov straight.
-on'hen vai. fish with a net. -on'hne He's net fishing. See: -nonn. on'henesttse na. ni. fishing net. animate for some speakers, because a net is like cloth which is
animate. he-on'henstovevho their fishing nets. See: -on'h'o.
on'h'o ni. fishing net.Variant: on'haseo'o; on'henesttse. -on'ht vti. aim at s.t., aim s.t.Literally: straight-look. Can refer to checking the object to be aimed
(for example, a gun) and pointing it in the proper direction. Can also refer to looking down a row of plants, such as corn, to see if they are planted straight. -on'hta. He set it (for example, the sights on a rifle). Th-on'hthtse! Aim at it! Notes (Phonology) gr on second /o/ for some speakers vta: -on'oom; fti: -ht.
-on'om vti. aim at s.o. -on'oomho. He aimed at him. Notes (Phonology) gr on second /o/ for some
speakers vti: -on'ht.
-on'oosan vai. aim. -on'sne. He's aiming. vta: -on'oom. -ono'xe'oh vti. correct how s.t. is written. -ono'xe'ha He corrected it (in writing)/he corrected its
spelling.
-onn vti. vta. take s.t./s.o. out. for example, from water, fire, or oven ?? -onono. He took him out of
the water.
-ononvetan vai. undecided. for example, of a young Cheyenne person because of culture change
today. -ononvetno. He is mixed up/he is confused in his thinking. See: -hstovetan.
-ononv'ne vai. talk nonsense. -ononv'ne. He is saying things that are not exactly the truth / he's
talking nonsense.
none na. Ree, Arikara. Etymology: cf. *akwa0kwa 'woodchuck/groundhog'.Literally: meaning said to
have something to do with 'teeth'; for example, 'taking off (something) with teeth' but this may be a folk etymology. Pl: noneo'o. There is an area on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation between
Busby and the Muddy Creek area, Onnno, where the people are called noneo'o 'Ree district people.'. See: -onen; nonevneke.
-onon'anot vta. drive s.o. crazy; incite rebellion in s.o. "No one would do this just to prove it.". Nonon'anto. I did something to him which he never forgot-he turned belligerent. hv'eoomvosstse ka'kneho ohke-onon'anheo'o. When children are struck, it does something to them they never forget. [jg 11/11/89] See: -e'oestoh(n); -onon'otse.
nn'e na. Ree Woman. -onon'otse

vai. go crazy. See: -mshnee'e; -vonsts'e. -onon'otse. He went crazy. See: mshnee'e; -tvahe.
Onnno ni. Ree district. Rosebud Creek area on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation, between Busby
and Muddy Creek district; not considered a political district.
noneo'h'e ni. Arikara River. a fork of the Republican River.
ononse- pv. goofy; silly; confused. V'ho'e m'-ononseoo'hetanhhe. The whiteman did some goofy
thinking. [1987:366]
-ononsem vta. confuse s.o. See: -ononsta'ov. -ononsemho He confused him. -ononseman vai. act goofy; pretend to be ignorant. -ononsmne. He's pretending to be ignorant. -ononsne vai. goofy face, daffy face. -ononsne. He has a daffy looking face. A woman might say
this of her son-in-law.
-ononse-oo'hetan
[1987:366]
vai. think in a goofy way. -ononseoo'hetno He thinks in a confused way.
onons(t)- i. confused. Preverb: ononse-. -ononstahe vai. confused. -ononstahe He is confused. See: -ononovahe; -onon'otse; -vonsts'e; tvahe; -mshnee'e.
-ononstho'he vai. go crazy from the heat. typically used as an exaggeration. -ononstho'he. He
went crazy from the heat.
ononsta'sanesttse ni. meth; chrystal meth.Literally: that which causes people to become confused.
Usage: neologism.
-ononsta'ov vta. disorient s.o., confuse s.o. N-ononsta'oo'e manesttse I was disoriented by drink.
See: -ononsem.
-ononstan vta. confuse s.o., disorient s.o. -ononstan'e. She (obv.) has made him love-crazy. See: tsho'em; -pehahts; -'otse'konn; -peem.
-ononstan vai. be confused. See: -ononsetan; -ontovahe. -ononstno. He is confused. -ononstatam vta. regard s.o. as being confused. -ononstatamho. He regards him as being confused
(or out of his mind). See: -onstatam.
-ononst'an vai. say goofy things. V'ho'e ... m'-ononsto'anhhe. The whiteman said some goofy
things. (1987:366).
-ononsto'etahe vai. act foolish, foolish acting. -ononsto'etahe. He acted foolishly. nonevneke
na. prairie dog. Notes (Phonology) iahPl: nonevonkeho. Obviative: nonevonkeho. Etymology: cf. *anyikwa (G) 'squirrel, chipmunk'; me'0anyikwa 'gray or black squirrel'; there
may be some correspondence with the ending of 'prairie dog' and cognate forms for 'squirrel'; cf. Sh ka:kw- 'groundhog'; cf. M maeqsena:wanik 'gray squirrel'. See: Onone.
nonevonkemxne ni. prairie dog perfume. nonevonkome (keome??) ni. Oblique: nonevonkom'e.prairie dog home. nonevo'xnhe na. Ree Roman Nose. Indian name of Chief Two Moon. See: e'he hnstse;
Mshvoo'xnhe; mstaevoo'xnhe; vo'xnhe.
ononov- i. confused. -ononovahe vai. be confused; mixed up; can't think. See: -ononstahe; -ontovahe. -ononovahe He is
confused.
nonovhhe na. crazy person; insane person. nonovhheo'o tsxhovse insane asylum (lit. where
insane ones are).Pl: nonovhheo'o. See: -mshnee'e; -nontovahe.
nonovhheo'o
tsxhoevse
vai.
insane
asylum.Literally: where
the
insane
ones
are.
See: mshneemheo'o.
-ononovtsest vti. be confused by s.t. -ononovtssta He is confused by it. ononove- pv. confused. -ononovena'he He is senile (lit. confused-old). Nsa'e-ononovena'hhe I'm
not senile yet.
-ononoveotse vai. become confused; disoriented. -ononoveotse He is confused. -onohts vai. emerge; come out from. See: -onhn. Pno'e mhne'ame-onohtshevhe. They were
coming out this way from downstream. [GHOST.TXT]
-noo'e
fai. sit. am-noo'e. He's sitting (there). nhp-noo'e. He is sitting in the doorway. nsonoeo'o. The two of them are sitting together. no'k-noo'e. He is sitting alone. anh-noo'e. He's sitting looking down. ?? See: -oe; -e.
-onom vta. call s.o., summon s.o. -onomho. He summoned him. N-onoma. He invites/calls you
(for example, to receive a gift at a giveaway). va-onome. He (for example, mourning relative) is called back (from his period of mourning). See: -oneoesem; -m'ot.
-onosetanev -ontovahe
vai. announce invite; call to come; beckon, summon, page. -onosetanva. He announced inviting (for example, inviting people to come). See: -ho'xev. vai. be hyper; rushed; frenetic. -ontovahe. He is a hyper person. Non-contracted: nontovahe. See: -ononstahe; -onvstsea'e; -ntovahe.
-ontova'haso'he vai. go fast by horse. -ontova'haso'he. He's going fast on his horse. -ontovanne vai. hurry up. Ontovannstse! Hurry up! Ontovanne! Hurry up! (said to more than
one person).Variant: -ontovanen. Non-contracted: -nontovanen. See: -vsetan.
-ontovs'ham vta. get s.o. drunk. -ontovs'hamho. He got him drunk. -ontove'e vai. drunk. -ontove'e. He's drunk. Non-contracted: -nontove'e; Final: -as'e. -ontov'ee'e vai. sit drunk. -ontov'ee'e. He's sitting drunk. -ontov'evenohe vai. look drunk. -ontov'evenohe. He looks drunk. -ontoveehe vai. move in a hurry. -ontoveehe. He's moving in a hurry. Non-assimilated: -nontoveehe. ontovheseotsvotse'hesttse ni. emergency medical service. Usage: neologism.Literally: rapidmedicine-work. Notes (Phonology) preverb contracted from nontove-
-ontove'han vai. hurry up and eat. Ontove'hnhtse! Hurry up and eat! Mothers would typically
say this to their children if they were dawdling or playing with their food.
-ontoveohts vai. walk fast. -ontovehtse. He's walking fast. See: -neveohts. -ontoveotse vai. become hyper; rushed; frenetic. -ontoveotse. He became hyper. -ontovsts'e on the move, run around. -ontovsts'e. He can't be still/he is on the move all the
time.Literally: fast-head. Notes (Phonology) vs
-ontovevoneohe vai. crawl fast. -ontovevoneohe. He's crawling fast. -ontov'an vai. say rapidly. -ontov'ne. He pronounces rapidly. fai: -'an; Antonym: -nv'an.
See: -nontovahe; -nev'ne; -nevenestse.
-nov1 fai. talk. ne'h-nva. He chatted/talked. h-nva. He is talkative. See: -onv meat hang; estse speak; -em; -nestse speak a language; -'an pronounce. Etymology: cf. *-owe:
(medial).
-onv2 fai. hang drymeat. o'hm-onva. She has a scanty amount of drymeat hanging. hox-onva.
She has rotten drymeat hanging. See: -nov talk.
-onvh'en vai. take out cooking. for example, take food out of the oven or fork it out of a cooking
pot. See: onvoeha''o. -onvh'ne. She took the food out (from where it had been cooking). Final: -'en; Synonym: -onvoeh'en.
-onvho'h(n) vta. take s.o. off the stove. -onvho'nho. She took him off the stove. -onvhonon vai. take baking out of oven. esp. refers to taking bread out of the oven. -onvhonne.
He took the baking out of the oven.
-onva' vai. jump away from (something). -onv'o. He jumped out (of the water). -onva'xe vai. run out of the water. -onva'xe. He ran out of the water. See: -onva'. onve- i. ashore. -onvet'hna. He swam ashore. See: on-; nove-; onveto. onve- pv. out of liquid, off from liquid. Onve-nevnhtse! Put the lid aside! -onveehe vai. move away from town. -onveehe. He moved out into the country. -onvemohe vai. run from the water. -onvemohe. He's running from the water. fai: -mohe. -onve'e vai. stand out of the water. -onve'e. He's standing out of the water.
-onvstsea'e vai. be hyper.Literally: hurried-head. -onvstsea'e. He's hyper.Variant: -nontovstsea'e.

See: -nontovahe; -ontovahe.
-onvee vai. lie out of the water. -onve. He's lying out of the water. onveto p. out in the country, outskirts. mnhohtva mh'o onveto. He just bought a house out in
the country. See: hnevato; thto'e; tahta; o'eto; -hnevohts.
-onvet'hon vai. swim ashore. -onvet'hna. He swam (or climbed) out of (water). fai: -t'hon.
See: -onvonehn.
-onvevonehn -onve
vai. climb; crawl ashore; climb out of the water. -onvevonhne He climbed (or crawled) ashore/he climbed out of water. vai. vii. wash ashore; float ashore. See: -am' 'float'. -onv'o. He/It floated ashore. tshhe m'-onvoe'hevhe here they were washed ashore (1987:1). Final: -'. onvh'en.
-onvoeh vti. fork s.t. out (of cooking pot). -onvha. She forked it out of the cooking pot. vai: -onvoeh'en vai. fork food out (of cooking pot). -onvh'ne. She forked the meat (or other
food) out of the cooking pot. Synonym: -onvh'en.
onvoeha''o ni. big fork for lifting food (not just meat) out of a cooking pot. See: -onvoeh'en; onvh'en. Notes (Phonology) This entry undergoes Vowel-Stretching Raising (VSR), which may be a subclass of Glottal Raising (GR). In VSR there is a slight elevation of expected low pitches to something like mid pitches on the word-final vowel sequence of Vowel-Stretched forms. It is quite possible that we should not even record such pitch raising, but we do so for attention to accuracy. Probably not all speakers have the rule of VSR. Some other forms which undergo VSR are: (RECHECK??) khkonh'o 'bread', tamh'o 'club', ...Pl: onvoeh'eontse ??.
-onvoeh(n) vta. fork out s.o. -onvoehnho. He took him out of the soup. -onv' vai. fii. float ashore. onv-'o. He (or It) floated ashore. Final: -e'. See: -ov; -ome; 'sev; -.
-onvoen vta. pull s.o. out of water. Nva-onvno. I pulled him out of the water (or off the ice). onvoenho. He pulled him out of the water. See: -onvonean.
-onvots vii. vai. float ashore. (amke) 'hke-onvoeotsnse (The fat) would float to the edge (of
the river). (Croft 1988:5).
-onvhoo'e vai. swim ashore (of fish, ducks, beavers, snakes, et al); wade (of people) ashore. onvhoo'e. He waded ashore. Notes (Phonology) vs Final: -ohoo'e.
-onvo'hotse vai. run ashore. -onvo'hotse. He ran out of the water. Final: -o'hotse. -onvonean vta. pull s.o. out of water. -onvoneanho. He pulled him out of the water. See: -onvoen. -onvonehn vai. swim ashore. msthne'enovhevhe tsnxheeame-onvonhnetsse He knew that
he was swimming ashore. [JOURNEY.TXT] See: -onveto'hon; -onvevonehn.
-onvonoo'e vai. sit looking toward shore ?? -onvonoo'e. He is sitting looking toward shore ?? / He
is sitting in the center of the camp looking toward the outer part of the camp.
-onvoon vta. pull s.o. out of water. -onvoonho. He pulled him out of the water. -onvoovotse oetane
vii. water wash away. for example, water spilling out of an irrigation ditch. onvoovotse. It was washed away by the water. Final: -ov. na. Crow (Indian). See: kohke crow Feminine: oetan'e; Final: -tane.
(bird).Literally: crow-person.
Pl: oetaneo'o.
oetan'e na. Crow woman. oetanemta'xe

ni. Crow scalp.Pl: Ooetanemt'xstse. these are still used in the Cheyenne Sun Dance; but no one talks about it so as not to stir up the Crows.
-oetannestse vai. talk the Crow language. -oetannestse. He talks Crow. oetanno ni. Crow Agency, Montana.Literally: Crow-place. Final: -n. oetanno Ts'amo'ethstove vii. Crow Fair.Literally: at Crow Agency where there is the doings.
-oetanoxa'ohe vta. beaded with Crow designs. esp. Crow flower designs. -oetanoxa'hnstse.
They are beaded with Crow designs.
-oetanvn vai. Crow face. -oetanvne. He has a Crow face. -oetanvhthheve

vai. vii. have Crow designs. -oetanvhthhvnstse They (for example, mocassins) have Crow designs (esp. Crow flower designs). tsetan.
-otsetan vai. worried at length. -otstno He's worryed over a period of time. Non-reduplicated: -otsetanh vta. trouble; worry s.o. N-oetsetanoha mo'hno'ha the horse troubled me. -oexan vti. vta. prepare; get ready s.t./s.o. ts'-oexanomvse when they broke through (the earth)
(1987:248). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -xan.
-oexanen vai. get things ready. for example, to get things ready for a giveway. Notes (Phonology)
perhaps only used with plural subjects -oexaneneo'o. They are getting things ready.
-ohev
mbp. nail(s), fingernail(s), toenail(s), claw(s). Proper names with this medial are usually translated with 'shield' rather than 'nail'; there was some connection between claws and shields, perhaps shields being fringed by claws, with claws believed to have a shielding power (see PD). o'e'-ohev'xestse. He is cutting his nails. Vhp-oohvhtse Whiteshield. Ma'h-oohevase Redshields. See: -htohev claw (poss.); ho'anoo'o shield; -s finger.
ohke- pv. over and over habitually. Mxht-ohkema'xemhnhevhe. They would hunt and hunt
(unsuccessfully). (1987:261). ohke-tshsenestsstse! Keep on talking Cheyenne all the time! ?? ohke-nonehtse ma'taamhemhonstove. Go in pairs when you go hunting. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: ohke-.
-ohnenhet vta. criticize s.o. -ohnenhetho He criticized him. -ht fti. see s.t. on'hta. He aimed it. vta: -om2. -ooht vti. hit s.t. -ohta. He hit it. vta: -oom. ohtsheta p. exactly where, exactly such. for example, of all the people, it has to be this person.
Mxhxova'has'hehevhe nhhe ohtsheta nhhe ka'kneho ts'hketoo'hametsse. They
rode across there exactly where the children would swim. (1987:22).
-okhkeve vai. dirty. for example, never takes a bath. -okhkeve. He's dirty. See: -ho'sotahe. -okhkvhe'on vai. dirty hands. -okhkvhe'na. He has dirty hands. BodyPartMedial: -he'on. -okhkeve'est
vai. scurvy ears.Literally: crow-ears. term derived from color of kohke 'crow'. okhkeve'sta. He has "scurvy" ears. for example, dirty, black from lack of washing. Notes (Phonology) redup
-okhkvn vai. dirty face. -okhkvn. ?? He has a dirty face. -okhkevenotov vai. have a dirty neck. -okhkevenotva. He has a black (like a crow) dirty neck.
Notes (Phonology) redup Medial: -notov.
-okhkevkht vai. dirty legs. -okhkevkhta his leg is really dirty/scurvy. Notes (Phonology)
redup Medial: -hkht.
-'e1
voice. INV:PL, they. Notes (Phonology) vs Nm'stom-'e. They explained it to me. See: e INV.
-'e2 fai. stand.Variant: -2. nhove'e. He stood up. Notes (Phonology) vs -oo'e fai. sit, be at. a'kn-oo'e. He's squatting. hmst-oo'e. He's sitting down (process). amn-oo'e.
He's sitting (state). amn-oeo'o. They are sitting. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -oe. See: -2 stand. See: -hoo'e.
-o'e'ahe vai. all broke. esp. refers to being broke financially. Usage: fig.. -o'e'heo'o. They are all
broke. Non-reduplicated: -'ahe.
-o'e'eotse vii. vai. broken. -o'e'eotse. It's broken. Non-reduplicated: -'eotse. See: -onneotse. -o'e'e't
vai. hang all broken up. a stronger statement of being broke than -e'ahe. See: -o'e'ahe. Nma'xemhe-o'e''to I'm all totally broke. Usage: humorous.
-o'e'neevo'oh(n)
vta. Medial: -n; Final: -oh(n).chop up s.o. (of a rope-like object) by tool. 'enovtse nma'xe-o'e'neevo'hno hhkxva I chopped up the snake with an axe. Notes (Phonology) final /s/ has |x| allomorph
-o'e'ohev's vta. Medial: -ohev.cut nails of s.o. -o'e'ohev'xestse He is cutting his (own) nails. o'e'ot- i. agitated. -o'e'otoma'h vii. big waves. -o'e'otom'ha there are big waves.Literally: agitate-water-by.wind. Oo'enhkohe na. Hairless Bear. o'ena'vestse'he
sleeve-shirt. na. t-shirt. See: stse'he; tamena'evestse'he; oesena'va'ohttse.Literally: broken-
Oo'stshe na. Baldy, Shaved Head. -oo'sts'e

vai. bald. how white babies are born. -oo'sts'e. He is bald. Notes (Phonology) vsVariant: -oo'ksts'e. Medial: -hts.
-oo'stsohts vai. hair thin. -oo'stshtse. His hair is thinning. -o'v vai. argue. -o'va. He argued. -o'evao'o. They argued. vta: -o'evot. -o'evt vta. argue with s.o. -o'evoto. He argued with him. -o'ovoto. He argued with him. (alternate
pronunciation). Usage: -o'evt is the most common pronunciation. -o'evtho. (younger speakers) Ntaeneame-o'evthtsme. We went along quarreling with each other. [1987:176]Variant: -o'ovt.
O'evthtso'h'e ni. Scolding Woman River.Literally: arguing.with.each.other-river. This enters the

Arkansas River from the south, between the Herfano River and the Purgatory River. It is known as the Apishapa River.
-o'evxvaen vta. argue with s.o. suddenly. M'ase-o'evxvaenhtshevhe. They started to argue. -o'haahtohe
vai. caution, exhort, warn. considered a good way of traditional teaching; this is cautioning whereas -hoonsthtohe is more on the order of warning by prohibition (for example, Don't...). -o'haahtohe He cautioned. vta: -o'hevm; Final: -ahtohe. See: hoonsthtohe; -on'vam. sanhtve=ta'se=nhee-o'haevo'stanhevstovhane you do not know, like, how to live right (1987:60). Non-reduplicated: 'hae- ??. Notes (Phonology) redup
o'hae- pv. carefully. o'haenhtsevoomhne! Carefully search for him! (said to more than one person).
-o'haetan vai. careful. -o'haetno. He's careful. o'haetannave- pv. carefully. N-o'haetannavevo'stanheve I live carefully. -o'hevam vta. advise; warn; exhort; caution; counsel; teach s.o. an important part of traditional child
raising. See: -on'vam; -vovstomev. -o'hevamho. He advised/counseled/cautioned him. o'hevameo'o ka'kneho. The children are warned. [1987:61, 231] vai: -o'haahtohe; Final: vm.
-o'ha'e'tne vai. repeatedly miss (in shooting). N-o'ha'e'tne I repeatedly missed. -o'ha'e'tov vta. miss s.o. repeatedly. esp. in shooting. -o'ha'etovho. He repeatedly missed him.
Non-reduplicated: -o'ha'e'tov.
-o'ha'emas vta. miss s.o. repeatedly in shooting. -o'ha'emsho. He missed him shooting several
times. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -o'ha'emas.
-o'ham
vta. fish out s.o., catch s.o. (fish). See: -nha'en; -nont; -no'en. Antonym: -s'a'ham. o'hamho. He fished him (that is, fish) out of the water (esp. with a fishing line). Tnesto no'hamoo'o? How many (fish) did you catch? [1987:281] Reduplicated: -oo'ham. See: -nonn. nme've-oo'htamvo. Let's see; you (pl) should consider what to do about her. Nv'nhee-oo'htame! Don't judge (criticize) me that way! vti: -oo'htsest.
[1987:310]
-oo'htam vta. examine s.o., evaluate s.o., check out s.o. -oo'htamho. He checked him out. Taxa'e
oo'htamhtsesttse ni. examination. See: -onsttam.
-oo'htsest
vti. think about; evaluate; examine s.t. N-oo'htssta. I thought it through thorougly. Nto'sevavvhee-oo'htssta tsmhaeheene'tamto. I'm going to reevaluate what I have trusted in. [1987:14] vta: -oo'htam. na. buzzard.Pl: oo'hheo'o. Obviative: oo'hheho. Etymology: cf. *awe:'le:wa hawk (any species)'. honxeaseo'o? Do mockingbirds mock you? See: -tot'hsm; -oem; mstaevo'xnhe.
oo'hhe
-oo'hem vta. mock s.o., cut down s.o., insult s.o. -oo'hemho. He insulted him. Nohke-oo'hemaevohe -oo'hetan vai. ponder, think. See: -hetan; -tan; -phveoo'hetan. -oo'hetno. He is pondering. for
example, thinking something over before making a decision.
-oo'hetannaa'e vai. sit thinking. -oo'hetannaa'e. He is sitting thinking. Notes (Phonology) vs See: oo'hetan.
-oo'hetannae't
vti. sit thinking about s.t. naa tsstaveamethoto nma'xeeame-oo'hetanna'ta. And as I was riding along I really kept wondering about it (BERTHA.TXT). Final: -etan, -ae, 't. (Phonology) vs
-oo'hetanna'e vai. stand thinking. See: -oo'hetan. -oo'hetanna'e He is standing thinking. Notes -oo'hetannaxe vai. lie thinking. -oo'hetannxe. He is lying down thinking. N-oo'hetannxenahe?
Are you thinking lying down?
-oo'hohta'ov vta. kick s.o. -oo'hohta'ovho. He kicked him with his feet. -o'honavahtsen
ahtsen. vai. have chapped lips. -o'honavhtse He has chapped lips. BodyPartMedial: -
-o'honavhe'on
vai. have BodyPartMedial: -he'on.
chapped hands.
-o'honavhe'na.
He has chapped hands.
-o'honavn vai. have chapped face. -o'honavne. He has a chapped face. oo'(k)- i. bare; bald. -oo'kahe vai. 1 bare, mangy. esp. of a mangy dog. -oo'kahe. His hair has fallen out.
2 poor; destitute. Usage: fig.. xae-oo'kahe. He is very poor, doesn't have anything.
-oo'ka' vai. hair worn bare. -oo'k'e. His hair is worn off.Literally: bare-head. -oo'kan 1 vti. pluck s.o., make s.t./s.o. bare. -oo'kna. He peeled it.
vta. -oo'kanho. He plucked him. N-oo'kno kokhxa. I'm plucking a chicken. 2 vta. beat s.o. really bad in sports. Usage: fig..
-oo'kaxe vai. shear. -oo'kaxe He cut / sheared. for example, he cut hair or grass. Oo'kxe na. Cut Hairless. oo'katvooma na. Pendleton blanket. See: homa.Literally: thin (or bare)-blanket) ??. oo'khev'she na. opossum.Literally: bare-tailed-one. Pl: oo'khev'sheo'o. Obviative: oo'khev'sheho. -oo'khev'se''h vta. make bare the tail of s.o. N'-oo'khev'se''hne We skinned (caused to be
bare) her tail (BOBTAIL.TXT).
Oo'kemnhv'e na. Bare Medicine Woman ?? See: Mnhv'e. -oo'kemen vta. pluck feathers of s.o. -oo'kemenho. He plucked his feathers. -oo'kem'hahtsenaa'e vai. sit plucking beard. something Cheyenne men have traditionally done. oo'kem'hahatsenaa'e. He's sitting plucking his beard. Notes (Phonology) vs
-oo'kem'hahtsenahe vai. shave. -oo'kem'hahtsenahe. He is shaving. See: -oo'kem'hahtsenah(n). oo'kem'hahtsenhesttse ni. whisker puller, shaver; razor. -oo'kem'hahtsenh(n)
o'kem'hahtsenahe. vta. shave s.o. -oo'kem'hahtsenhestse. He's shaving (himself). See: -
oo'kem'hahtsenahttse ni. tweezers, whisker plucker.Pl: oo'kem'hahtsenhtottse.
-oo'kem'hahtsenn vta. pluck whiskers of s.o. This is the Indian style of using a whisker puller or
tweezers to remove facial hair. -oo'kem'hahtsennahtse. He pulled his (own) whiskers.
-oo'ksts'e vai. bald. -oo'ksts'e. He is bald headed. Notes (Phonology) vs; this and other 'bald; bare'
forms with -oo'(k)e sound like the second /o/ is an e, but it most likely is /o/ which is fronted by the vowel (and possibly k) following the oo' sequenceVariant: -oo'sts'e. Reduplicated: -ooo'ksts'e; Medial: hts.
-oo'kev'hansenn
eyebrows.
vta. pluck eyebrows of s.o. -oo'kev'hansennahtse. She plucked her (own)
oo'kev'hensnhtsesttse
ni. tweezers. This is grammatically singular and refers to a single unit.Literally: make.bare-eyebrow-thing.
Oo'kenohe na. Looks Bare. possibly refers to one who looks at things so much that his vision goes
bare ?? See: -enoosan.
-oo'koh(n) vta. scrape s.o. -oo'khnho. He scraped him. -oo'koh fii. rain. ne'am-oo'kho. rain is approaching. n-oo'kho. It has stopped raining. nevoo'kho. it's rapidly raining. See: -hoo'koh rain; -to snow.
-oo'khta'on vai. bare shins; bare legged, shins bare, legs bare. -oo'khta'na. He is bare legged
(that is, has nothing covering his shins). [JG 7/89] BodyPartMedial: -a'on. See: -hset; hso-; oo'kon.
-oo'khtas
vta. cut hair of s.o. ?? -oo'khtsho. He cut his hair. (also -oo'htsho). taomeoo'khtxestse. She cut her (own) hair by herself. Nto'sh-oo'htaxe. I'm going to have my
hair cut.
-oo'khtaxe
vai. get a haircut. th-oo'khtaxe. He went to get a haircut. -oo'khtaxe. He got a haircut. vta: -oo'khtas.
oo'khtxesttse ni. hair clippers. Oo'khtxtane na. Osage; Kaw.Literally: cut.hair-person. Pl: Oo'khtxtaneo'o. -oo'khtxov vai. cut hair. N-oo'khtxva I cut hair. -oo'khtxov vai. cut hair. -oo'khtxva. He cut hair. See: oo'khtxovhe barber. oo'khtxovhe na. barber.Literally: cut.hair-one. Pl: oo'khtxovheo'o. Variant: oo'htxovhe. oo'khtxovahttse hair clippers (single pair). oo'khtxov-mh'o ni. barbershop.Literally: cut.hair-house. oo'khtxovve'ho'e na. barber.Literally: cut.hair-ve'ho'e. -oo'k'en vti. weed s.t. for example, to weed a garden. -oo'k'na. He's weeding it. -oo'k'enen vai. weed. -oo'k'enne. He's weeding. -oo'k'xov vai. mow. -oo'k'xva. He's mowing. See: -oo'k'hen. oo'k'xovahttse ni. mowing machine; lawn mower; mower. See: oo'k'heo'o. -oo'k'hen vai. mow. -oo'k'hne. He's mowing. See: -oo'k'xov. oo'k'heo'o
ni. mower; mowing machine. See: oo'k'xovahttse. Notes (Phonology) apocope; vsPl: oo'k'heontse. vii. bare ground. for example, when there is no grass for horses to graze on. oo'kma'o'e. It is bare ground. vai. have no socks on, have bare shins ?? hso-oo'kon. He has no socks on. hsooo'konao'o. They have no socks on. See: -oo'khta'on; -a'on; -oo'kan.
-oo'kma'o'e -oo'kon
-oo'kovhen vai. scrape hide. -oo'kovhne. He's scraping hair off hide. -oo'kovn vti. vta. scrape s.t./s.o. -oo'kovna (na??) He's "baring" it (making it bare for example,
scraping hair off deer hide).
-oo'kovs vai. have sparse hair. -oo'kovse. He has sparse hair.
-o' fai. look. This refers to looking with eyes, not one's appearance. tooh-'o. He looked while in a
stooped position. nha'-'o. He caught sight of. hot-'o. He looked back. tshet-'o. He looked this direction. See: -vom; -vosan.
oo'htxovhe na. barber.Variant: oo'khtxovhe. -o'hto'etahe vai. err, do something wrong, make a mistake, act wrongly, sin. Non-reduplicated: 'hto'etahe.
-o'o'ht'an
vai. mispronounce. -o'o'ht'ne. He pronounces wrongly. Non-reduplicated: 'ht'ne; fai: -'an. o'o'ooma. time and again he looked at me sideways in a scornful way. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -o'oom.
-o'o'oom vta. look sideways at s.o. sideways repeatedly. that is, looking at s.o. in a scornful way. N-
o'o'sepv. wrongfully ?? -o'o'sevo'stanheve He lives wrongfully ??. Non-reduplicated: 'se-. -o'o'senestse vai. err in pronuncing language. -o'o'senestse. He made a mistake in pronouncing
language. Nohke-o''senestse h'tva. Sometimes I make mistakes in speaking. See: 'ht'an.
o'ome na. oak. Usage: not well known.Pl: o'omheo'o ??. -oo'omoht vti. overlook s.t. -oo'omhta He overlooked it. Oo'omhthtse! Overlook it! (could be
used to mean something like 'You're welcome!') ?? Non-reduplicated: -o'omoht.
o'otme-
pv. full, fill. taohksa=ta'se=o'otmenetanheo'o vo'staneo'o htsetseha Like, people don't fulfill their vows anymore now (1987:211). Usage: loan transl. from English?. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: 'otme-.
-o'ovt vta. argue with s.o. -o'ovoto. He argued with him.Variant: -o'evt. -o'xahe vai. torn. -o'xahe. He is torn. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -'xahe. See: -'x. -o'xhtsen'o'h vta. tear mouth of s.o. -o'xhtsen'o'hho. He stretched (or tore) his mouth until it
broke. Nme'tavot'e-o'xhtsen''ho. I could just go over there and split open his mouth. (that is, I am so angry I feel like going to him and split his face apart by pulling on both sides of his mouth; strikes hearers as humorous). Notes (Phonology) redup BodyPartMedial: -ahtsen.
-o'xa'ham vta. tear s.o. quickly. -o'xa'hamho. He tore him up quickly. Notes (Phonology) redup -o'xa' vai. tear; rip.
vii. -o'x'o. It tore. Non-reduplicated: -'xa'. Notes (Phonology) redup
-o'xa'o'h vta. tear s.o., rip s.o. -o'xa'o'hho. He tore him (for example, cloth). Notes (Phonology) redup vti: -o'xa'o'ts. See: -o'xan; -v'en'o'h; -pe'ham.
-o'xa'o'ts vti. break s.t. -o'xa''tse He broke (tore??) it. -o'xan vta. tear s.t. -o'xna. He tore it.
tear s.o. -o'xanho. He tore him apart. (for example, tore some cloth apart). N-o'xno koee'hono. I tore the cloth. See: -v'en.
-o'xat'ee vai. lie cracked open, legs spread apart. esp. of a woman who is positioned ready for
intercourse. -o'xat'e. She's lying cracked open. See: -tso'ee; -hto'ee; -hnsee.
o'xe- pv. i. broken; cracked. -o'xstha He is brokenhearted/he feels sad. -o'xeotse It is cracked.
Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: 'xe-.
-o'xean vai. be very hungry. N-o'xna. I'm really hungry. Usage: slang.Literally: burst with hunger.
See: -hean.
-o'xeeeven
vta. slash s.o. See: -tot'xeoestas. xxaete-o'xeeevensesto n=hetane n=ntxv'h'e the man (with the knife) slashed that soldier (1987:42).
-o'xeohts vii. be in process of cracking; splitting. -o'xehtse It is cracking. -o'xeotse vai. vii. break up; crack up; tear; split. -o'xeotse. It is cracked/he is cracked. stse'he o'xeotse The shirt is torn. m'ome m'-o'xeotshanhe the ice broke up (1987:4:19). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -'xeotse. See: -asenotse; -ast'toeotse; -he'kotxeotse; o'xan.
-oo'xstan vai. mind wander. See: oxse. -oo'xstno. His mind wandered. Notes (Phonology) redup -oo'xeta''e vai. stand with legs spread apart. -oo'xeta''e. He's standing with his legs spread
apart. Notes (Phonology) vs
O'xetoo'o na. Broken Bowl. -o'xevo'eh vii. break. for example, from dropping or bumping into something. -o'xevo'hnstse.
They (for example, eyeglasses) broke.
-o'xevo'hahts vti. break s.t. -o'xevo'hhtse. He broke it. N-o'xevo'hahtsentse. I broke them
(for example, eyeglasses). Notes (Phonology) redup See: -pevo'hahts.
-o'xevo'em vta. tear holes in s.o. for example, tearing cloth or a fishing net. -o'xevo'emho. He
tore holes in him.
-o'x
vii. be full of holes; torn. -o'xo. It is full of holes; torn. Non-reduplicated: -'x. See: e' broken. vai. chop wood. -o'xoemhne. He's chopping firewood. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -'xoemhan. See: -mhan; -ho'emhan.
-o'xoemhan
-o'xoemhaov vta. chop wood for s.o. See: -mhan. -o'xoemhaovho. He chopped wood for him. -o'xoest vai. wear a torn dress. -o'xosta She has on a torn dress. -o'xht vti. crack, break s.t. with teeth, bite a hole in s.t. See: O'xseonhtse!. N-o'xhta. I cracked
it with my teeth. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -'xht.
-o'xo'a' vii. tear from wind. -o'xo''o. It tore from the wind. -o'xo'eoesta'xe vai. split in the wind. -o'xo'eoesta'xe He (for example, tree) split (violently??) in
the wind.
-o'xo'khan vai. have torn shoes. -o'xo'khna his shoes are torn. -o'xoma'eotse vii. crack (of earth; ground). ohkeema'xe-o'xoma'eotse ho'e the earth used to crack
open (1987:257).
o'xseo'o
ni. nut; peanut. See: -'xht; -o'xht.Literally: crack-by.mouth(.thing). Notes (Phonology) vsPl: o'xseontse.
o'xseoname ni. peanut butter. See: ame. -o'xovo'oh vti. crack s.t. N-o'xovo'ha. I cracked it (for example, a window). -om1 fii. liquid. tsmhpv-oome that which is liquid ?(neologism?). to-ome. It (liquid) is cold. ma'ome. It is red liquid. to-ome'e. He is drinking a cool liquid. Medial: -ov; Homonym: om2 see s.o.. Etymology: *-a:kamy- (medial).
-om2 fta. see s.o. Nshp-mo. I saw through him. -phv-oomho. He was glad to see him. vai: vom; fti: -ht; Homonym: -om1 liquid.
-oom vta. hit s.o. -oomho. He hit him. Mnsta-oomtse? Shall I hit you? (This is a threatening thing
to say.). vta: -ooht. See: -e'oestoh(n). Etymology: *nepakama:wa I hit him..
oomhohko na. piece of lumber. a smaller board than oomhoo'o. See: oomho'ko. oomho'ko na. plank.Pl: oomh'kono. See: oomhohko; oomhoo'o. oomhoo'o na. piece of lumber; board. See: oomho'ko ??. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: oomhono. the pl.
refers to 'boards/pieces of lumber'.
oomhonmh'o ni. frame house.Literally: lumber-house. See: khkvaxemh'o. -oma''e'e vai. wag head; shake head. -oma''e'e. ?? He wagged his head. -oma'kee'e
vai. sit with head moving sideways. -oma'kee'e. He's sitting with head moving sideways. See: -oma''e'e. Notes (Phonology) vs 2 fly; flash. Usage: fig.. -oom'o estsesttse. There is a news flash ; gossip is flying. See: oomee.
-ooma' vai. 1 hit ground quickly ?? -oom'o. It hit the ground quickly. ??
-omt
vii. snow squall come through. ohke-omto. There are snow squalls (esp. in spring). ts'hkho'xe-ometootse when the last snow squalls come through. [1987:32] fii: -t. See: ho't. vai. travel through. v'h'e tsohkhee-omeohtsvse white people, as they always do travel through (1987:185).
-omeohts
-omse'sohts vai. walk swaying butt. -omse'shtse. She's walking swaying her butt. -omsta'hahts
vti. wave s.t. -omsta'hhtse hevhkha'e. He waved his hat. tsheta'hahts.
[PD1097]
See: -
omsta'hasen-vtsva na. white tailed deer.Literally: shaking back and forth (tail?)-deer ??. -oomee vai. hit the ground. for example, from falling, but not like hitting the ground with one's hand.
-oome. He hit the ground.
-omoeh fii. lie as water. ts'a'k-omoha pond; puddle. ts'stsenhe'e'e tsstevev-oomoehatse

mahpe in the swamp where there were small pools of water (1987:285). tshmhomoeh See: eh; -oeh; -ov; -ome.
-omoo'koh vii. be a thunderstorm ?? -omoo'kho. It is thundering/it is a thunderstorm. (lit. ???rain). Final: -ookoh. See: -ho'tseotse; nonma'e; -omt.
-omoovt
vii. flood. for example, from spring runoff. -omoovto. There is flooding. See: o'omovt. Obviative: oonh'e; Diminutive: oonha'kso. oonh'e mxhevesvhtse when frogs have teeth
onha'e na. 1 frog. Notes (Phonology) iah Holliman Spelling: oon na i.Pl: oonh'e. AltPl = oonh'eo'o
[fig., never; esp. I will help you as soon as frogs grow teeth (which, of course, they never do)]. 2 Frog. This is also the name of an important nsemoo'o 'familiar'. This familiar spirit could especially help its owner locate lost things, such as lost horses.
-onha'veto'hon vai. swim like a frog. -onha'veto'hna. He swims like a frog. oonha'kso na. little frog. Holliman Spelling: oon ha gi sso.Pl: oonha'ksono. Non-diminutive: onha'e. -onsta'hahts -onstan
vti. throw open s.t. -onst'hhtse. He flung it (for example, door) open. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -nsta'hahts. vta. open s.t. by hand. -onstna He opened it (for example, door) (by hand). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -nstan.
-oneohts vai. be in pain. ohke-nhtse. He is always in pain. Totnet'e'e nnhtse?

How far apart are your pains (or birth contractions)? Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: neotse.
-oo'ham
vta. catch s.o. repeatedly. esp. of fish. Nhe'e msta-oo'hamhevhe nom'ne. Then he caught (more) fish. (1987:282). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -o'ham.
ooo'ke- pv. bald; bare here-and-there. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: oo'ke- ??. -ooo'ksts'e vai. bald in different places. for example, hair coming out in various spots on the head.
Non-reduplicated: -oo'ksts'e. -ooo'ksts'e. His hair is coming out in various places.
-oononohts vai. joint pains. N-oononhtse. My joints hurt. -oothmahe

vai. always available; always ready to help. -oothmahe. He's always available. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -othmahe.
ooxse p. elsewhere, other places. refers to more than one place. Ooxse ohkevehtse. He goes
around to other places. Non-reduplicated: oxse. Notes (Phonology) redup
ooxo- pv. repeatedly say. typically implies saying things in a strongly negative way or hinting around.
-ooxhetho. He said things to him. M'stse ohke-ooxhevoo'o. He's always complaining. Nv'e-ooxhme! Don't say things! (said to more than one person). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: xo-.
-ooxhet vta. say things to s.o. usually implies that what is said is negative. -ooxhetho. He said
things to him. Nstsev'e-ooxhetahtse! Don't say things to yourself!
-ooxhevoo'o -oox'an
vai. say repeatedly. typically implies speaking negatively or hinting around. ooxhevoo'o. He's hinting around. Non-reduplicated: -xhevoo'o. See: -hevoo'o. vai. threaten, speak negatively. -oox'ne. He's threatening. Notes (Phonology) redup Final: -'an. See: -oem; xo-; -ho'xem.
-ooxo'estmne vai. take revenge. -ooxo'estmne. He took revenge. -oosan vai. hit. -oosne. He hits. vta: -oom; vti: -ooht. See: -hanhn. -oseme fai. flee. am-oseme. He is fleeing. v-hohtosemeo'o. They are fleeing back home. -othmahe -othman
vai. always helpful, always available. for example, always available to help. othmahe. He is always helfpul. Reduplicated: -oothmahe; vii: -othmo. vti. have more than enough of s.t. N-othmna. I have more than enough of it. tsthee-othmanomvse since they have plenty of everything (STORIES.TXT).
othme- pv. plenty; abundant. -othmhestame. He has plenty of food. -othmemsheo'o.

They have plenty to eat. Naa mato nhtsevseve-ethmevhettaevo'stanhvme. And also we'll live with plenty and joy in our life. (1987:211). ohke-othmevsthmsne. He's always available to help. See: otma.
-othmo vii. plenty, abundant. -othmo. There is plenty. vai: -othmahe; Antonym: -hov'hane. -otahe vai. always attend, unavailable ?? sa'-othhe. He's always there / he always attends. Notes
(Phonology) perhaps only occurs in the negative
otma p. especially. ohkevo'seo'o otma phvatamano'tsee'stse. They play especially when it is

nice weather. [1987:233] See: othme-.
otamen'se p. paying exact attention to, carefully. See: vovhpone-; nn'se. -oot'e m. handle. of an ax, knife, hoe, cooking pot, etc. mo'htv-oot'eve. It has a black handle.
khamxv-oot'eve. It has a wooden handle. See: hoto'e; honeanto; hestshva'xe; -e'o'o'e; e'o'evo'hahts; -o'.
ov- i. shake. -ov fai. rain; water. -tke'va. It shrunk from washing. -nha'va. He was caught by the rain.
See: -ome; ov'has'o.
ova'e ni. mica. used in altar of Sun Dance. -ova'e'e

vai. buck rear legs. -ova'e'e. He (esp. a horse) bucked his rear legs. Variant: ova'ke'e.
-ova'hahts vti. shake s.t. for example, flap s.t. in the air to clean it. -ova'hhtse He shook it. ov'has'o
ni. pump. grPl: ov'haseontse. See: e'ov'has'o; stova'haseo'o; -ov. Notes (Phonology)
-ova'ke'e
vai. buck rear legs. -ova'ke'e. He (esp. a horse) bucked his rear legs.Variant: ova'e'e.
ove- pv. completely, all, everything. See: mhe-; m'se-; v'se-. mhe-ovhne'na. He knows all of
it. hnhmhe-ovhov'hanhnse vo'stanhevesttse. (Their way of) life was all gone. (1987:37:30).
-ovhe'onxe vai. shake hands. -ovhe'onxe. He shook his hands. for instance, to shake flour off
one's hands.
-ove'han vai. eat everything. -ove'hna. He ate up everything. -ove'hanotse vai. ate up everything. N-ove'hanotse. I ate up everything. -oveoesta'xe vai. shake off. for example, horse or dog to shed water; more rapid action than -oveotse.
-oveoesta'xe He shook.
-oveoesta'x't vti. shake off s.t. -oveoesta'x'ta. He shook it off. -oveohts vai. shake. for example, to shake off dirt or a dog shaking off water after swimming). -oveotse vai. shake. esp. to shed water. See: -oveotse. -oveotse He shook (for example, horse or dog
to shed water).
-ovoh vti. brush off s.t. the surface is what is brushed off. -ovha He brushed it (for example, tent)
off (for example, with a broom). vta: -ovoh(n).
-ovhen vai. brush off. -ovhne He's brushing off. for example, knocking cracker crumbs off a
bed or dusting off a tent; also refers to the traditional method of shaking berries off bushes.
ovh'o ni. brush. used for cleaning. See: hahnh'o. -ovoh(n) vta. 1 brush off s.o. -ovhestse. He brushed himself off. N-ovhno. I brushed him off.
2 fig., act as if it is nothing to s.o. ohketeame-ovhestse. She just brushes it off (that is,
what she has done shows, others know it, but she acts as if it was nothing much and excuses herself). Usage: probably a loan transl.. vti: -ovoh.
oxa'e'oo'o ni. spur. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: oxa'e'ontse. -oxa'e'ov vta. convince; persuade s.o. See: -vonhha'ov. hevohe nstssatne-oxa'e'hvo The
Devil will not be able to convince you (pl). (Ephesians 6:11).
oxa'heone-
pv. beaded. oxa'heonvo'ta reduplicated: xa'heone-.
beaded choker. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-
oxsta p. same as always, just fine. refers to things continuing on in the usual fashion, unchanging.
Usage: somewhat humorous. This is a relative particle, requiring that the following verb have a relative root or preverb. Cf. hovtse, another relative particle. Petter (PD745) spelled this equivalent to oxhsta, which might indicate some connection to -hesta which is a relative root.Variant: oxhsta. Oxsta nphvomhtahe. I'm feeling fine. naa oxsta oha hne'amhe'htssesto but still they just kept on coming (1987:37:23). naa oxsta xheeamhnsesto but they kept on coming (1987:188). oxsta staevhesta He was all right (1987:197). [PD745: 'normal']
oxstanhtse p. all right ?? hestxeo'o nxahe oxstanhtse tsheeeeeo'o tsxho'tshe'xove I

have many grandchildren, hopefully they will grow up and live all right at this time (1987:101). See: oxsta.
oxhsta p. same as always, just fine.Variant: oxsta. refers to things continuing on in the usual fashion,
unchanging. Usage: somewhat humorous. This is a relative particle, requiring that the following verb
have a relative root or preverb. Cf. hovtse, another relative particle. Petter (PD745) spelled this equivalent to oxhsta, which might indicate some connection to -hesta which is a relative root. It is difficult to know if the better spelling is oxsta or oxhsta.
-oxo'eh
vta. punish s.o., take revenge against s.o., pay back s.o., hold grudge against s.o. See: nstam. -oxo'eeho. He is paying him back. For example, this can be an action consisting of teaching s.o. a lesson by abandoning them to the poor choice that they made. Nstsev'evaoxo'ehovoo'o! Don't take revenge on them! [1987:206] See: -nstam. pv. so; commence; accordingly; begin. -osaneaseohtseo'o. They left accordingly. 'osaneasnoovsesto. He began to sing to them. (1980:45:18). See: ase-; novse-. done to people; some similar finals seem to have the same meaning: for example, n's-ne 'he kills people', ms-an 'he's fighting people'; cf. other abstract (and detransitivizing) AI finals, for example, an; -san. vsthm-sne. He's helps (people). (cf. vstahe 'he helped'). msetsst-sne. He welcomes people, is gracious. aht-sne. He listens (to people).Variant: -sen. See: 'tsan.
osane-
-san fai. people. Thisis a kind of abstract detransitivizer which gives a minimum of meaning that the action is
-ose1 fai. cold. Nn't-ose. I'm cold. Nh-ose. I'm accustomed to the cold. pon-ose He froze down (for
example, to the ground). he'kon-ose He froze hard. nonom-ose. He's so cold he's shaking. Etymology: *-aci. fii: -ohta; Homonym: -ose2. See: -os finger. .
-ose2 pro. conjunct participle ending for 3rd person proximate subject and 3rd person obviative object.
See: -aese; -vose. tsonom-ose the one who called him. Homonym: -ose1 cold.
-s
mbp. finger; hand; claw. henam-se. He is left handed. he'konem-se. He has strong hands. t'se-se. He has long fingers.Variant: -hks. nvse Bear Butte. nhamose on the other side of the hill. See: hohose; -o'omen.
-ose fni. hill. the noun itself, vose 'hill'. hohose on the hill ?? h'hamose on the hillside (1987:320). osee- pv. very, really, intensely. -oseehtoanto. It's very difficult. -oseehaeh'ta. It's really sunny. oseehe'xove It was a very long time. -oseehohephva'e it's really, really good. -
oseephva'e it's really good. naa see-hesto vo'staneo'o htsetseha eeva ohkemaneo'o and a lot of people right now today drink (1987:60). See: he-; hohe-; ma'xe-; ot'-; vot'-.
oshe'k- i. alone, unaccompanied. See: taome-; no'ke-. -oshe'kosta She is wearing no slip (that is, she
just has a dress on). Preverb: oshe'ke-.
-oshe'kahe vai. unaccompanied; unfettered (??); alone; available. -oshe'kahe. He's by himself. For
example, when someone is available to come and help work, perhaps because they have no grandchildren or husband to tie them down. See: -no'kahe.
oshe'ke- pv. alone; unaccompanied; unfettered ?? See: totho'pe-. N-oshe'kemtaa'e He gave that to
me by itself. N-oshe'kestse'hna I just have on a shirt (that is, I don't also have an undershirt).
-oshe'keohts vai. walk alone; unaccompanied. -oshe'kehtse. He walked all alone. [PD36] -oshe'koest vai. wear a dress alone. -oshe'kosta. She is wearing no slip (that is, she just has a
dress on).
-osenho't vii. very hot. -osenh'ta. It's really hot. See: -hoho't. -sen fai. to(ward) people ??Variant: -san. Usage: less commonly used than -san. -osenove
vai. temperamental, gets angry easily. -osenove. He is temperamental. See: -senove; hvsvahe; -senvahe.
sse p. nevertheless. sse kahkse nevertheless close (Croft 1988:4).Variant: sse. Osssa'xstse vai. Plunging Into the Enemy. s-ssa'xstse vai. Plunging Into the Enemy. a man's name. See: Sena'han'e. ota- i. bore, pierce. -otaahe vai. 1 pierced. vii: -ot'o.
2 big vagina. -otaahe. She has a big vagina.
-otaahen vai. pierce, punch hole in. N-otaahne. I'm punching holes (for example, in paper); I'm
piercing.
-otaah(n) vta. pierce s.o. with a tool. -otaahnho. ?? He pierced him. See: -otaahe. -otaa'est vai. 1 pierced ears. -otaa'sta. He has pierced ears.
2 not listen, tune out, have mind elsewhere. Usage: fig.. Synonym: -hes'xo'est.
-otaa'stahe vai. ears pierced. This can be through an ear-piercing ceremony. -otaa'stahe. His ears
were pierced. -otaa'stheo'o. Their ears were pierced. vta: -otaa'sth(n).
otaa'sthesttse ni. ear piercing. -otaa'sth(n) vta. pierce ears of s.o. -otaa'stahno. He pierced his ears. otaa'stvo'ethesttse ni. ear piercing ceremony. -otaax vti. cut hole in s.t. -otaxa. He cut a hole in it. -otaen vti. pierce s.t./s.o. -otana. He pierced it/made a hole in it.
vta. -otaenho. He punched a hole in him. See: -ane'oh(n).
otaesmene ni. walnut.Literally: pierced-nose-berry. Pl: otaesmentse. Otaestane na. Nez Perce.Literally: pierced-nose-person. Pl: Otaestaneo'o. Medial: -es. -otaestsah(n) vta. put hole in head of s.o. for example, as Cheyenne doctors would do for curing bad
headaches. -otaestsahe. He had a hole put in his head. BodyPartMedial: -sts.
tahe p. Listen!, Look!, Attention!, Shh! attention getting particle similar to English 'look', as in 'Look
here, that's not the way it was!'. tahe, hovhe, ests'htse! Shh, friend, listen! [JOURNEY.TXT] tahe, nev'esstse tshetanevstse hov'he tssa'e'toestse, Ho'noxhaestse. I wonder who is a man, who is not afraid of anything, Bravewolf (is the one). (1987:243).Variant: tahe. This pronunciation is more common than tahe.
ot'- pv. emphatically; very much. -ot'tvahe. He's really stupid. -ot'hohetonto. It's extremely
cold. Notes (Phonology) possibly contracted from vot'- Non-contracted: vot'-.Variant: et'-. See: osee-; hohe-; etc..
-ot'ham vta. jilt s.o., leave out s.o. can refer to someone being intentionally not informed, left out
purposely, or romantically jilted. -ot'hame. He as jilted.
ot'tav- i. blue. Ot'tavaestse vai. Blue. -ot'tavahe vai. be blue. -ot'tavahe He is blue. ot'tavho'h-v'kso na. bluejay. Usage: perhaps loan transl..Literally: blue-colored(?)-bird. ot'tavepv. blue. ts'-ottavh'ta where it is blue (Sweet Medicine predicted horses would take people this far, i.e. to the horizon).
Ot'taveanohe na. Blue Hawk. Ot'taveenv'e na. Blue Feather Woman; Blue Tepee Woman. Both meanings have been given by
native speakers; Blue Feathers is the meaning given in an old list of Cheyenne names. Contracted: Taveenv'e.
ot'tavheseo'tse ni. blue medicine. -ot'tavhoxo'htsvo vii. turquoise blue.Literally: blue-green. -ot'tavhoxo'htsvo. It is turquoiseblue.
-ot'tave'xan vai. have blue eyes. -ot'tave'xne. He has blue eyes. Usage: probably a shortened,
more recent version of -ot'tavemenoo'xan.Variant: -ot'tavemenoo'xan. BodyPartMedial: 'xan.
-ot'tavemenoo'xne
vai. have blue eyes. -ot'tavemenoo'xne. He has blue eyes.Variant: ot'tave'xan. BodyPartMedial: -'xan.
-ot'tavn vai. blue face. -ot'tavne. He has a blue face. -ot'tavenno'e vii. look blue. ot'taveonha'e pv. blue-green frog. -ot'taveoxa'ohe vai. vii. beaded blue. -ot'taveoxa'hnstse. They are beaded blue. -ot'tvsan vai. dress blue. -ot'tvsne. He's dressed in blue clothing. fai: -san2. ot'tavev'kso na. bluebird. Usage: loan translation?. -ot'tav vii. blue. -ot'tvo. It is blue. ot'tavetsna'e blue paint. a Sun Dance paint. ot'tav'stse ni. alfalfa.Literally: blue-weeds. See: povnv'stse. ot'tavo'om'e ni. sky.Literally: blue-realm. -ot'tavo't vii. be at blue. See: -ho't. tatshe'oestse ... tsstaame-ot'tav'ta Go over there where it is
blue. [JOURNEY.TXT]
ot'tavma'htse
ni. blue earth; blue paint. there is supposed to be blue earth in Minnesota. See: ma'ma'htse.
-ot'tovov vai. have blue hide; have blue fur. See: -vhpe'xoen. -ot'tovva He has blue hide (for
example, horse with dark markings). [JOURNEY.TXT]
-tan
fai. burrow. ho'-tne. He arrived by burrowing. am-tne. He burrowed along. tsstema'xe'xeanevetse nhhe m'st-otanhhe He dug into the side of a big cliff.
(1987:287).
otaoh'o ni. auger.Pl: otaoheontse. -ot'o vii. pierced. -ot'o. It's pierced; there's a hole in it. -otanstse. They (inan.) are pierced.
sa'-otahne. It's not pierced. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -ota; -otaahe.
otxa p. hopelessly, only, just, with nothing (else). Otxa nvho'ehtse. Just I myself came back with
nothing else. Otxa stanhove'tovsesto. Hopelessly (the whiteman) watched as (the fox) left. (1987:366). Otxa ho'sta hn'e. There was just a stove (in the cabin). (1987:30). hmheansesto hevsenho otxa he'kontse. He gathered up his friend, nothing but bones.
(1980:67:101). Notes (Phonology) often cliticizes to following word See: ponohta; htse-; hov'he; hove-; n'ova (nhe oha ??); oha; mmhta.
otxaema'haahe na. widower. otose- pv. strange. -otosenstseo'o. They talk strange. -otoseestse. He speaks in a strange way (for
example, when a child has a speech infirmity). N-otoseovxe. I had strange dream. otosema'xe. He has a strange smell.
-otosema'xe vai. strange smell, smell strange. -otosema'xe. He has a strange smell. -otosenestse vai. talk strange. -otosenstseo'o. They talk strange. -otosenome vai. talk while asleep ?? -otosenome. He talks (or moves, etc.) while asleep. -otosenon vai. sing strangely. -otosenne He sang strangely. -otosetan vai. intrigued; amazed; astonished. -otosetno He is amazed. -otosetanotse vai. become amazed; astonished. See: -hetanotse. -otosetanotseo'o They became
amazed. vti: -otosttsest.
-otosetsest vti. be amazed at s.t. -otosetssta He is surprised at it. Synonym: -otosttsest. Usage: otosttsest would appear to be more commonly used.
-otosevhe vai. strangely named, named strange. -otosevhe. He has a strange name. -otos vii. be strange. -otoso It is strange. sa'-otoshne It's not strange. otos(t)- i. strange. -otostahe vai. strange. -otostahe. He is strange. -otosttam vta. be surprised; amazed; astonished at s.o. -otostatamho He is surprised by him. vti: otosttsest.
-otosttsest vti. consider s.t. strange, astonished at s.t. -otosttssta. He considers it strange. This
is explained as the feeling you have when you see something that you have never seen before and it astonishes you. See: -htsest; -nhtvatsest. vta: -otosttam.
-otost'an vai. talk strangely. -otost'ne He talked strangely/mysteriously. -otostovxen vai. have a strange dream. See: -ovxen. N-otostovxe I had a strange dream. oteeto p. on the contrary, should. in context would translate something like 'HE/SHE should have
been the one (for example, to do something)'. See: me'-; ah-; h'ke-.
otohpse p. alternative thing, Oh, it will gradually stop! For example, you have the right to do it some
other way.
-otht fti. carry s.t. in the mouth. am-otht. He carried it along in his mouth/teeth. oto'xov- i. skill. -oto'xovahe vai. be skillful; clever. -oto'xovahe. He is skillful. See: -nhtvahe. -oto'xovh't vti. be skillful at s.t. oto'xovahe tse-oto'xovh'ta hevo'stanhevesttse He is skillful, he
will make a living for himself (1987:187).
oto'xove- pv. skillfully. See: nhtve-. -oto'xovenheve He did it skillfully. -oto'xoveestse. He talks
well (that is, skillfully). -oto'xovevo'stanheve He lives well.
-otm fta. carry s.o. in the mouth. See: -om. am-otomo. He carried him away in his mouth. hohtotomo He carried him home. Nns-otmoo'o he'phtoto. I had two cigarettes in my mouth. fti: otht.
otxaa''e na. widow. See: otxaema'haahe; h'e. Usage: the older pronunciation seems to be otxaa''e;
all forms seem to be obsolescing.Literally: uncovered-woman ??. Variant: hotxaa''e. Pl: otxaa''eo'o.
-otse fai. fii. become. refers to something having undergone a relatively quick process and may focus on
the resultant state; cf. -ohts which focuses on a slower, more gradual process. Nhomhthotse I have become sick/I am sick/I got sick. -naotseotse He went to sleep. (cf. -naotse 'he is sleeping'). hhpe-otse It is melting ?? phve-otse It has become good. Notes (Phonology) This final is added to a verb stem or root to derive the ultimate form. See: -ohts. Mshotsstse! Eat
quickly! (for example, even though you are in a hurry and might prefer to skip eating; the quickness of the eating action does not necessarily mean to gulp food down quickly, but rather refers to the shortness of time available in which to eat, so 'Get to it, eat!'; cf. mseestse 'Eat!').
-tse sfx. iterative suffix for first person singular conjunct verbs. stshnton-tse whenever I entered. -tse sfx. plural suffix on inanimate nouns possessed by plural possessors and inferential verbs which
have plural inanimate objects. nemo'khanan-tse our (incl) shoes. Mhmanstshenov-tse. They made them (inan.). See: -tse. Notes (Phonology) Note the relationship between this form with
high pitch on the vowel and plural -ot with a low pitched vowel. plural ; inanimate
-tse num. inanimate plural suffix. Notes (Phonology) This is the abstract (underlying, phonemic) spelling; it
has the surface spelling of -tse. mtkeh-tse knives. men-tse berries. mheon-tse houses. Nvohtan-tse I saw then (inan). msenov-tse They ate them (inan). See: -t; -et; -no(t). Etymology: *-ali.
Otsme na. Brave Man ?? Otseme na. Brave Woman. meaning no longer known by most speakers, but an elder has given this as
the meaning.
Otsmh'e na. Brave Woman. meaning no longer known by most speakers, but an elder has given
this as the meaning. See: -hotsehe.
Otseme'e na. Brave (??) Standing Woman. tshmhe p. oops; whoops; oh yes; oh dear. typically used in contexts where the speaker recalls
what he is supposed to do, or what should have been said, with the flavor of English expressions such as 'I'm supposed to '/'Oh dear!'/'Oh yeh! (for example, now I remember what I was supposed to do)'/'Oh, yes, I also remember this ...'. Variant: atshamhe. This pronunciation is much more common than atshamhe. "aa, tshmhe," mxhehevhe. "Oh yes, that's right," they said. Nhe'e mstam'etanotshhe, "tshmhe," xhesstse, mo'eko mxhone'hhe. Then he remembered, "Oh, yes," he said, he was wearing a ring. (1987:184). See: h; h.
-otsehe fai. smoke. n-otsehe. He stopped smoking. mh-otsheo'o. They are all smoking. tshn'e na. Serving Woman (??). -otse'ohe fai. work. am-otse'ohe. He continues working. tnet-otse'ohe? What kind of work does he
do? tho'-otse'ohe. He came to that point in his work. [1987:199] vai: -hotse'ohe.
Otshts'e na. Going for Provisions Woman. See: -votsthohts; votsta. Otsst'o na. (woman's name). Otsv'h'e na. (woman's name). Otsve'e na. (woman's name). translation unclear, something about a kind of Standing Woman. Otsvhto na. Leggings. See: hhto. ote p. Hurry!; Sic 'em! used to 'siccum' a dog; can also be said to a person. ov- i. prostrate. See: -va'. -ovha He felled it by tool. -ovna He felled it by hand. -ove He went
to bed (lay down). Etymology: *kaw-.
-ov sfx. TA final. Nnst-vo I heard him. amht-ovho He agreed with him. nhtsst-ovho He asked
him. hnhtsst-esesto n=tsvstoemose She asked her husband (1987:264). Nhne'en-vahtse I know myself. Nhne'en-vatsme I know you (pl). Nhne'en-vamone we (incl.) know him.
Notes (Phonology) Final Raising (fr): the /o/ of this final (and other TA finals with -ov) is raised to high pitch when the final precedes a word-medial /a/: See: -e INV; -'tov; -ev.
-ov
fai. ceremony, mysterious, sacred, spiritual ?? Perhaps this is no more than the abstract -ov intransitive final. tsmhth-ovase the instructors (of a Sun Dance pledger). vhpn-va He's painting (esp. in the Sun Dance). tshvaooh-vtse the one who takes the lead (when they run out of the Sun Dance lodge). cf. the following: Mo'henave Medicine Elk. The handgame
terms in this entry refer to guessing with intuition or inner mystical power, rather than with handgame motions, for which terms the final -ohn is used (it is uncertain whether or not the oh of the stem of these verbs is identical to the -oh of the stem found in the handgame motion verbs, for example, -amhn). nsh-va He's guessing, trying to find the bone in the handgame. sh-va He missed in his try to find the handgame bone. m'h-va He found
(the handgame bone). cf. the following forms where the same spelling acts as an initial: ovvo'etahe He's doing something magical. -ovahe He's mysterious, mystical. See: -ovxen. Etymology: cf. M awae:tok; O awesii (N) 'spirit' (??), but see discussion under -ovahe.
-ov fai. abstract intransitive final. frequently a detransitivizer. oo'khtx-ov-he barbe. oo'k'x-va.
He's mowing. pnoma'x-va. He's plowing/disking. tsohkhxe'an-ovhtse the one who cleanses. phveestsst-va He speaks well. (cf. -estse). See: -h AGT; -httse 'NOM; nov talk.
-ov mbp. hide, fur. hes'x-va. He has shiny fur. phv-va. He has nice fur. hev-va. He has
yellow fur. tnet-va? What kind of fur does he have? See: -ovs hair (med.).
ov- pv. magically; through Indian medicine. -ovno'oesne He's the handgame medicine man (that is,
he has the power to influence the outcome of handgame guessing). fai: -ov; vai: -ovahe.
-ovhae'ov vta. avoid s.o.; separate from s.o.; alienate from s.o.Variant: -ovhae'ov. -ovhae'ovho. He
avoided him. -ovhae'ohe It/he is avoided (for example, death is avoided, gone around). See: nhestov; -vovnshtse'tov.
-ovhanee
vai. die from strong impact. M'e=nh'=ovhanenhevhe. (The buffaloes) were killed from charging (at the tree). (1987:312). See: -hanee.
-ovhanoh(n) vta. club s.o. -ovhanhnho. He clubbed him. -vahe1 vai. be a coward. -vahe. He is a coward. See: -ovahe; -hevahe. -vahe2 fai. group; class. ns-ovheo'o. There are three groups. nv-ovheo'o. There are four groups.
fii: -vt. See: -v.
-ovahe vai. vii. mysterious, powerful ?? -ovahe ?? He is mysterious/it is mysterious. sa'-ovhehane.

It is not mysterious. -ovheo'o. They (an.) are mysterious. Etymology: cf. M awae:tok; O awesii (N) 'spirit' ? (cognate with Cheyenne hva 'animal'?). See: -vahe; -ovvo'eetane; ma'heneve; momhthtane; hva.
-ovhe'tan vai. have magical power to get a woman. for example, he has magical powers to get any
woman he wants; or he gets power, for example, from fasting at Bear Butte; this power is not to be talked about openly; a taboo subject. -ovhe'tno. He has magical powers to get a woman. See: -ovahe; -ovvo'etahe; -he'tan.
Ovhemese na. Magical Chips. transl. not well known today, but cited in PD. See: Hotammaase;
Hotamaase.
-ovhnoo'e vai. keep quiet.Variant: -ovnhoo'e. -ovhnoo'e. He is sitting quietly. See: -he'kotoo'e; hoo'e. Final: -hoo'e. Notes (Phonology) vs
-ov'e'han vti. vta. separate s.t./s.o. -ov'e'hna. He separated it. Synonym: -totevn. -ov'e'ho'ts vai. Final: -o'ts.camp separately. -ov'e'h'tse He is separate. -ov'e'ho'tseo'o They are
camped separately (for example, Crows here, Shoshonis there).
ov'e'e- pv. separated. -ov'e'ho'tnstse vvottse. The eggs are separated from each other (so they
won't break).
-ov'e'etan vai. antisocial. -ov'e'etno. He's antisocial. See: -a'e'etan. Ova'hhe na. (woman's name). ov'k- i. apportioned. -ov'kan vti. apportion s.t. -ov'kna. He apportioned it. -ov'kanantse. She is making patties (esp.
chokecherry patties). ts-ov'kanee'stse chokecherry patties. See: ov'kemene; -o'hahts ??.
-ov'kanen vai. make patties. -ov'kanne. She's making patties. -ov'katamao'

vai. giggle. -ov'katama'o. He was giggling. -ov'katamao'oo'o. They were giggling. Notes (Phonology) not vs Final: -tamao'. Medial: -'est.
-ov'kave'est vai. droopy ears. for example, a horse. -ov'kave'sta. He has floppy/droopy ears. ov'ke- pv. little by little, bit by bit, incrementally. N-ov'khoxomanme. We (excl) were fed little by
little. N-ov'kevamtanentse mama'kaataemtse. I got my money back a little at a time.
(PD598). m'hke-ov'kh'e'vhtshevhe They would leave in small groups (1987:17). See: ann'se; ov'keve-; non'hn'e.
-ov'khe'on
vai. cupped hand ?? ts'hke-ov'khe'onnove in the palm of the hand (1987:57). Medial: -he'on.
ov'kemhaementse ni. maize. Usage: od. Holliman Spelling: o vi gi / mha min no zi. ov'kemene na. apricot.Literally: round-berry. Pl: ov'kemeno. ov'kemonkeho na. peas.Literally: round-beans. -ov'ksev vai. have round calves. -ov'ksva. He has round calves. BodyPartMedial: -sev. -ov'kes vai. urinate in spurts. -ov'kso. She's urinating in spurts. Medial: -s. -ov'ksotse vai. urinate in spurts. for example, of a woman excited during foreplay. -ov'ksotse.
She's urinating in spurts. Medial: -s.
-ov'ksth vai. pouts, angry in spurts. -ov'kstha. He gets mad in spurts. ov'keve- pv. little by little; bit by bit. -ov'keveamehtse. He's walking a little bit at a time ?? -ov'koests vti. separately bag s.t. -ov'kostse. He's bagging it separately. -ov'komshahts vai. small bites; eat small bites. -ov'komshhtse. He's eating little tiny bites. -ov'koo'e vai. bulging muscles. -ov'koo'e. He has bulging muscles.Variant: -ov'ooe. See: -kok'oo'e;
-popakhoee.
-ov'kxe'ohe
vii. circle written ?? ma'henhma'too'stse tssta-ov'kxe'ohe tsnaesohto naa tsmhthto hhthnexa as it is written ?? in Matthew chapter 6 and (verse) 12 (1987:231).
-ov'oo'e vai. bulging muscles. -ov'oo'e. He has bulging muscles.Variant: -ov'koo'e. Ovma'hahe na. (man's name).Variant: Ovma'hahe. Ovma'hahe na. (man's name).Variant: Ovma'hahe. ovna'xa- i. peace. ovna'xaepv. serenely, calmly, peacefully. a culturally valued trait. -ovna'xaevo'stanheve. He lives in a serene/calm way. Ovna'xaevo'stanheve! Live serenely! (said to more than one person). Ovna'xae-vovhnheeha! Take care of him slowly/carefully! vai. relaxed, peaceful, calm down. mstae-ovna'xaeotshhe He calmed down.
-ovna'xaeotse
(1987:298).
-ovna'xaestaha vai. have a peaceful heart. -ovna'xaestaha He has a peaceful heart. vana'xaesthahttse vii. peacefulness; patience; calmness.Literally: calm-heart-NOM. -ovna'xaesthaotse vai. peaceful at heart. Nosees'hoventhve-ovna'xaesthaotse Suddenly I felt
really different and peaceful in my heart. Usage: possible neologism in this use of Cheyenne 'heart'.
-ovna'xastanove
vai. Final: -stanove.live a peaceful; calm life. N-ovna'xastanove I live
peacefully (PRAISE.TXT).
-ovna'xaetan vai. calm, peaceful; serene; relaxed. -ovna'xaetno. He is serene. ovna'xaetanohttse ni. peace, calm, serenity. ma'heo'o nmtaa'e ovna'xaetanohttse God gave me
peace (This sentence sounds like a modern loan translation from English.).
-ovna'xaetan'tov vta. be peaceful toward s.o. -ovna'xaetan'tovhtsstove there is being peaceful

towards each other (1987:219).
-ovna'xaetan'tov vta. peaceful desire for s.o. -ovna'xaetan'tovho. He wants him to settle down.
See: -he'kotoo'e.
ovna'xaevo'stanhevesttse ni. serenity, serene life. ovna'xanstahttse ni. peace; rest; relaxation. See: he'kothesttse; nanovhtsesttse?. ovna'xe- pv. peacefully. -ovna'xevo'stanheve He lives gently (or peacefully). -ovnan vta. defeat s.o. -ovnanho. He beat him / he defeated him.
-ovnehe vai. prophesy. -ovnehe. He prophesied (foretold the future). (for example, Sweet Medicine;
preachers can do this, i.e. tell how to live in the light of the future). -ovnhevoo'o. He prophesied. See: -nheeme.
-ovnhootse vai. take a break. Noo me'hkee-ovnhootse! My, you should take a break once in
awhile! See: -ovnhoo'e.
-ovnhoo'e
vai. keep quiet. See: -hoo'e. Ovnhoo'stse! Sit quietly (for example, patiently)!/Keep quiet! See: -he'kotoo'e; -hoo'e.Variant: -ovhnoo'e. Final: -hoo'e. Notes (Phonology) vs
ovne'- i. stab. -ovne'eoestoh(n)

vta. stab s.o. quickly. -ovne'eoesthnho. He stabbed him quickly. ovne'eoesth'e. He (obv) stabbed him quickly. See: -he'khahts. See: -ovne'eoestoh(n) stab s.o. quickly.
-ovne'oh(n) vta. stab s.o. -ovne'hnho. He stabbed him. -ovne'h'e He (obv) stabbed him. -ovne'hon
vai. jab, stab, gig. term used to describe a method of fishing for catfish used in Oklahoma. N-ovne'hne. I gig around. [Croft] -ovnshhta. He's duck-footed. See: -ovtonshaht.
-ovnshhta vai. be duck-footed. refers to feet turned outward, the opposite of being pigeon-toed. -ovnoematsn vai. have droopy eyelids. -ovnoematsne. He has droopy eyelids. vanhemeto
p. Oh, of all things! an exclamation. for example, if a handsome person marries someone who is not good looking.
ovonhavo'e ni. magic drum. -vt fii. group; class. nv-vtnstse. There are four groups (inan.). fai: -vahe2. See: -v. -ovtonshaht vai. duck footed. -ovtonshhta. He has duck feet. that is, his feet point outward. -ovtonshahthtse vai. walk duck-toed. E-ovtonshahthtse. He's walking duck-toed. ovtonshohts vai. track duck-toed. -ovtonshhtse. He left duck-toed tracks. ovtonsne- pv. backwards. -ovtonsnee'h'o. He put his shoes on backwards. -ovtonshaht (ns??) vai. duck-toed. that is, have feet that turn outward; the opposite of being
pigeon-toed. -ovtonshhta. He is duck-toed. See: -ovnshaht. Medial: -haht.
ovv- i. magical. See: -ov. -ovva' vai. stagger. -ovv'o. He is staggering. staame-ovva'hoo'o He staggered along (surp.)
(1987:70).
ovve- pv. ceremonial; magical ?? See: -ovvhomo'he. -ovvho'soo'e He danced a certain ceremonial
dance.
-ovveohts vai. stagger, walk wobbly. esp. of a drunk. ame-ovvehtse. He's staggering along. -ovve'e vai. wobbly, start to fall over. -ovve'e. He's wobbly. -ovvhomo'he
vai. Final: -ohom'he.stagger. -ovvhomo'he He (esp. a drunk) is staggering
around.Literally: wobbly-dance.
ovvo'ehetane na. magician. -ovvo'etahe vai. do magic. -ovvo'etahe He did magic. Final: -o'etahe. ovvo'ethetane na. magician. -ovvoone
vai. starve. -ovvooneo'o They are starving. Non-reduplicated: -voone. Notes (Phonology) redup (Phonology) same allomorphic variation as with 'lie' final -(e)en fai: -ee; vta: -no''ovxe'tov. See: ov.
-ovxe vai. dream. -ovxe. He dreamed. -ovxenao'o. They dreamed. N-ovxe. I dreamed. Notes
-ovxhne'en
vai. dream know, know by dreaming. -ovxhne'na. He knows things through dreams. See: -hne'en know (s.t.).
-ovxenon vai. sing a dream song. -ovxenne. He sang a dream song.
ovxenoo'tse ni. dream song.Pl: ovxenoottse. a song received in a dream; this is considered "a real
good song"--Rena Cook sings it.
-ovxevhta'han vai. interpret dreams, dreams interpret. -ovxevhta'hne. He interprets dreams.

See: -hhta'han tell story.
-v f. group; class. suffixed to number initials. n'kve one group. n'kve xamaevo'staneo'o one tribe
of Indians. n'kve manaho one district/band/group (of persons). nsve two groups. n'nve three groups of. nvve four groups of. nhnve five groups of. naeshthnve six groups of. nshthnve seven groups of. fai: -vahe2. Etymology: *-anwi ??; cf. *nya:0anwanwi.
-ov'sax vti. cut up s.t., slice up s.t. Non-contracted: -vov'sax. Ov'sxhtse! Cut it up! -ovs mbp. hair. ma'-ovse. He has red hair. ka'-ovse. He has short hair. vhp-ovse. He has white
(or gray) hair. mo'htv-ovse. He has black hair. IndepNoun: me'ko. See: -a'(k).
-ovstomsan vai. teach. -ovstomsne. He is teaching. Non-contracted: -vovstomsan. -ovee vai. go to bed, lie down. -ove. He went to bed. Th-ovstse! Go to bed! Th-ove! Go to
bed! (said to more than one person). fai: -ee.
-oveman vta. put s.o. to bed. -ovemanho. He put him to bed. N-ovemno. I put him to bed.
vai: -ovee.
-ovemeotse vai. lie down. -ovemeotse. He lay down. Ts'the h'e nhhe msta-ovemeotshhe
stve mne. This woman there must have laid down in the middle of the road. (Croft 1988:17:12). See: -ovee.
-vetan
vai. be cowardly in mind; doubtful; negative. -vetno. He's doubtful/negative. Ma'vetanoto seneo'o nstsetotxem'e. If you are chicken, your friends will talk about you. (1987:243). See: -vahe. ts-ovhnstse the first one. Non-contracted: vove-.
ove- pv. first. N-ovetshsenestse. I learned (or spoke) Cheyenne first. -ovhne. He walked first. ?? -ove'e
vai. stand first. -ove'e. He stood first (for example, first in line). Non-contracted: vove'e.
-ovhae'ov vta. avoid him. -ovhae'ovho. He avoided him.Variant: -ovhae'ov. -vohe fai. child; children. -no'o'tovohe. She's holding her baby on her lap. -vvaestovohe. She's
rocking her baby to sleep. moht-ovohe. She loves her child/baby. nst-ovohe. She breastfed/nursed. hheest-vohe. She wrapped/swaddled her baby (modern = went to a baby shower). -na'tvohe. He beats his child(ren). po'-vhe'e. She's standing carrying her baby in a blanket on her back. nsta'omeeest-vohe. He/she is child-rearing in the old/traditional way. v'ho'eeest-vohe. He/she is child-rearing in the white way.
ovhpone- pv. strictly. E-ovhponshpo'ethstove. It is strictly gone through (esp. some ceremony).
Non-contracted: vovhpone-.
-voht m. haul. st-ovhtsentse mentse hethkonhva. She put the berries in a can. am-vht'heo'o.
They are hauling. -anvhto'he. He unloaded.
-vhto'he
fai. haul. am-vhto'he. He's hauling along (something). am-vht'heo'o. They are hauling. n't-ovhto'he. He's taking something out of something (for example, out of a suitcase, trunk of car, purse, car). hoht-vhto'he. He's taking something home.
-ovnetan vai. want to return; esp. return to spouse. -ovnetno. He (or she) wants to return to
his/her spouse (after having left the relationship).
-oxa'oh vti. bead s.t. -oxa'ha. He beaded it. -oxa'ohe vii. beaded. -oxa'ohe. It/he is beaded. -oxa'hnstse. They (inan.; for example, moccasins)
are beaded. oetan-oxa'hnstse. They (inan.) are beaded with Crow designs (esp. flower designs). vai: -oxa'hen bead.
-oxa'hemev vta. bead for s.o. -oxa'hemevho. She beaded for him. Nstseohkeve-oxa'hemene.
She will bead for us. [1987:310]
-oxa'hen vai. bead. -oxa'hne. He's beading. -oxa'heneo'o. They are beading. Final: -n1. xa'honeosena'va'ohttse na. beaded vest.
xa'honvo'ota ni. beaded choker. xa'hvoestto ni. beaded belt. xa'hvo'khantse ni. beaded moccasins.Variant: xa'hvo'hantse. -oxe'a'h fii. movie. phv-xe''ha. It's a good movie. h-oxe''ha. It was an exciting movie. vii: mxe'a'h.
-xe'stn
fai. write; study; mxe'stn write.
attend school.
ast-xe'stne.
He started school.
See: -
-xe'ohe fii. be written; be of a certain time. phv-xe'ohe It is written well. tnet-xe'ohe How
(should) it be written (or spelled)? eno'k-xe'ohe It is 1 p.m. eens-xe'ohe It is 2 p.m. emhtht-xe'ohe It is 10 p.m. hohthns-xe'ohe It is 12 p.m. eno'k-xe'ohe tshvon'o It is 1 a.m. (lit. it is already 1 in the morning).
oxse
p. elsewhere; other place. Oxse thehetamstse! Sneeze the other way! oxse hstnva in another country. Oxse nxhso. It is from some other place. [1987:12] Tsa'e oxse sahshne h'the. From nowhere else did this come. [1987:236] Reduplicated: ooxse. vai. think differently; think astray. -oxsetno. He wants to be different/separate. Antonym: -h'xstan. See: oxse.
-oxsetan
oxes(t)- i. side; other way. -oxst''oo'o vai. stand looking to the side. -oxsta''e. He looked the other way while standing.
esp. of looking the other direction from others who are standing with him.
-oxsta''e vai. stand looking off to the side. -oxsta''e He's standing looking off to the side. -oxsttam vta. put away s.o. in thinking; reject s.o. for example, of a brother not recognizing a sister.
-oxsttamho. He rejected him.
-oxsttamaahe
vai. standoffish. -oxsttamaahe. He's standoffish. said of a person who doesn't mingle with others, perhaps thinks he is too good for them. See: -nstsstahe.
x-hevnhtsstse cj. Noisy Walker. See: -hvnohts. x-htavsv'hmstse vai. (His) Bad Horse. x-hvsvenhet'nstse vai. Bad Talker. fai: -'an. Oxhe-vo'tanstse vai. Wearing Choker. x-hot'htse vai. Looks Behind. See: -hoto'. x- pv. what say. queries content of speech or refers to content of speaking. N-xheve? What did you
say? -xhevoo'o? What did he say? (cf. -hevoo'o 'he said'). -xhevone? What did they say? naa nhtaem'stomvo naa tse-xhevoo'o I will tell him and he will answer back (1987:52). Me'stse ohkeh'ko-xhevoo'o. He's always complaining. (Note: phonetically, there is a y-offglide in the sequence ko(y)ox). -xhetho What did he say to him? sa'xhetheho He didn't say anything to him (cf. sahetheho 'he didn't speak to him'). Nsa'xhhe. I didn't say anything. Nsa'veva-xhhe I'm not saying anything anymore (for example, that might sound like bragging). sa'-xhhe He didn't say anything. ohksa'e'sexhhe. He says (it) without fear when someone speaks with total confidence, knowing the truth of what he is saying). Nv'e-xheve! Don't say (it)! Nv'e-xhee! Don't say anything to me! Nsa'ehe'-xhhe I didn't say very much this time. tshmhe -xhesstse? Oops,
what did she say? (has the impact of English 'I forgot what she said,' and "Oh, what "in the world" did she say?") sayings such as the longer sentences in this entry were a common part of traditional Cheyenne teaching: See: -heve; -het. Nohkenstomne namme hp'e tsohkheevovstomsnse hp'e hee'haho tsvhtse, ts'o'haevmse hva vovstomseo'o tshmtse, vo'stane h'eve-xhetase hp'e nstsev'hetovo, hotamenoota, 'hkhhoo'o namme I heard my grandfather, like the way that he taught, likewise, to his sons the way he
told them, the way he gave them advice, like, teaching which he gave them, "Whenever someone says anything (bad) to you (pl), likewise don't say anything to him, turn around and leave him," said my grandfather. n-xhetaenone What is it (some discourse) saying to us (incl.)? Nhshma ne-xhevoo'o. He says anything. Reduplicated: ooxo-.
-xhenove vii. what be said. -xhenove? What's the news? / What's being said? See: -henove.
-xhesan vai. what say? ohksahetseve-xhesanheo'o nothing stops them from saying whatever
they are thinking.
-xhest vti. say something about s.t., what say about s.t.? Nv'e-xhsta! Don't say anything about
it! vai: -xheve.
-xhestohe
vii. vai. how called? See: -xheve. ohke-xhestohe? What is it called?/What is he called? ohke-xhestohe 'stick' How do you say 'stick' (in Cheyenne)? sa'-xhetheho. He didn't say anything to him. Nsa'-xhetahe. You didn't say anything
-xhet vta. what say to s.o.?, say something to s.o. Nstsev'e-xhetho! Don't say anything to him!
to him.
-xheve vai. what say, say something. N-xheve? What did you say? Nv'e-xheve! Don't say
anything! Nstsev'e-xheve! Don't say anything (in the future)! Nv'tsephve-xheve! Don't you dare say that! See: xo-; -heve. vti: -xhest.
-xhevoo'o
vai. say what, what say. -xhevoo'o? What did he/she say? Reduplicated: ooxhevoo'o.Pl: -xhevoon. See: -hevoo'o; -tnet'a'xe.
-xhevoon vai. say what. -xhevone? What did they say? See: -xhevoo'o; -hevone. -oxom fta. feed s.o. Th-oxomeha nsttse! Go feed your pet! See: -hoxom feed s.o..
P-p
pa'e
ni. ashes; powder. Oblique: pva. See: Peo'h'e. Diminutive: pahke. Notes (Phonology) vs Etymology: *penkwi.
pe- pv. ashes; powder. -pm'ha It smells like ashes/powder. nsta-pemettse hov'he I'll buy you
something (for example, if you take me to the store). (This and the following idiomatic usage of pe- is said to be "childish".). nsta-pem'emtse I'll tell on you! msa-penheveto nstsemxeshne If you don't do it, you will be punished. (PD).
-pema'h vii. ash smell. -pm'ha. It smells like ashes. -pema'xe vai. ash smell. -pema'xe. He smells like ashes. -pn vai. 1 powdery face.
2 raise Cain, mess around. Usage: fig.. Nhe'e e-pane. Then he raised Usage: probably figurative usage is most common. BodyPartMedial: -n.
Cain.
Peo'h'e ni. 1 Powder River; Broadus, Montana. Broadus has the same name as the river near it.
2 Something happened. Usage: This is a humorous expression.. M'eetshesotshanhe Peo'h'e. Something must have happened at Powder River.
Peo'h'kso ni. Little Powder River. Peta na. Powder Man; Ash man. -petan'tov vta. 1 think of s.o. as ashes. See: -m'emo'eh.
2 disregard what s.o. does. Usage: fig.. N-petan'tvo. I don't care at all what he does. Petan'toveha! Just go on (with regards to him)! (that is, in spite of how he treated you, don't
let it bother you.
pva obl. in ashes. -pev-honn vai. roast / cook outside. See: -honn. -pevhonne She roasted/baked on an open
fire (or on the coals).Literally: ashes-roast.
pev-honoo'o ni. (anything) roasted (esp. roast corn).Literally: ashes-roasted. Notes (Phonology) vs -peve vii. be powdery. -peve it's powdery/"ashy".
-peve'htne vai. ashes on forehead. -peve'htne. He has ashes on his forehead. This is done by
Catholics for Ash Wednesday.
Pvnhe na. Powder Face. -pevo'en vai. be full of ashes. See: -'otmo'en. -pevo'na He's full of ashes (means, 'he's got a lot
of B.S.').
Pevose Powder Peak. Phhn'hhe na. Woman. translation unknown. Phpa'e ni. (a boy's nickname). phv- i. good. phv- is the newer pronunciation.Variant: phv-. -phva'e vii. good. -phva'e It's good.Variant: -phva'e. Usage: obsolescing. phvepv. good, well. phve- is the older form; it is obsolescing. ts-phvstanovese those who live well
(1980:45:13). N-phvenstomne. You heard good news.Variant: phve-.
Phveamehtse na. Walks Nice. Simplified Spelling: Paveameohtse.Variant: Phveamehtse. Phvn'e na. Good Feathers Woman. Phvh'e na. Good Woman. phvhsstoo'o ni. gospel. See: hsstoo'o. Usage: probably a term introduced by missionaries; it is
not recognized by all current speakers..Literally: good-news.
Phvem'hne vai. Appearing Good. Phvem'hnstse vai. Appearing Good. Phvemn'e na. Good Trail Woman. Phvena'han'e na. Killsnice Woman. phvstnva
obl. good place, heaven. heaven.Variant: phvhstanova?.
some
have
used
this
to
refer
to
-phvstnov
vai. live well. that is, to have a good life, for example, enough material goods, happiness. Final: -htnov. ts-phvstanovese those who live well (1980:45:13). vai. have a good life. -phvstao'omenehe He is well off/he has a good life.Variant: -phvstao'omenehe. Antonym: -ho'omenehe.
-phvstao'omenehe
phvstao'omenhesttse ni. Oblique: phvstao'omenhstva.good life. Phvev'kso na. Pretty Bird. Phvevon'o na. 1 na. Good Morning. a Cheyenne name. See: Hvsvevon'o.
2 p. Good morning. Usage: used a a greeting today by some older speakers; loan transl. from English. Simplified Spelling: Pavevoona'o.Variant: phvevon'o.
Phvoomhtse na. Good Robe. Phvoom'e na. Good Robe Woman. pahke ni. ashes. See: pa'e. Usage: rare; extant?. Phkhe na. Ashes ?? Usage: nickname. pho- i. stick to, adhere to. phoe- pv. next to, stick to, adhere to. -phoeamehtse He's walking next to (for example, next to
someone). phoevovstomsanhe teacher's aide (lit. 'stick alongside' teacher). phoemeo'o parallel road. naa tstaevhtaa'haestse h'e naa hetane tat'-phoenheto'etheo'o and the older woman and man, they are doing the same thing (1987:61).
-phoeh'en vai. burn cooking, scorch food. -phoeh'ne. She scorched the food. literally refers to
food sticking to the pan.
-phoeho'he vai. burnt, stick to cooking pot burning. -phoeho'he. He got burnt while being cooked. phoeh'hovama'kaata ni. lead.Literally: soldering-metal.
-phoeho't vii. tastes burnt, stuck burnt. -phoeh'ta. It tastes burnt.Literally: stick.to-by.heat. called
this because food that is scorched sticks to a pan.
phoe'ovstomsanhe -phoemohe
na. teacher's aide.Literally: 'stick.alongside'-teacher. contracted from phoevovstomsanhe
Notes
(Phonology)
vai. strain to be close. for example, of a baby wanting to be close to someone. phoemohe. He wants to be close. fai: -mohe. vta. stick on s.o., affix s.o. -phoenho. He stuck him on (to something). Tonva ohkephoenho hesta'smhtse'kono. In the fall he puts on the snow tires. naa he'ntoo'o ohkephoennvo and they put on the door (of the tepee) (1987:224).
-phoen vti. stick on s.t., affix s.t. -phona. He stuck it on.
phoen'o na. stamp (of a letter).Variant: phovaneo'o. -phoenht vti. stick on s.t. by sewing. -phoenht. She's sewing it on. vta: -phoent. -phoenome vai. sleep along with. -phoenome. He's sleeping along with (someone). fai: -nome. -phoent vta. stick on s.o. by sewing. -phoenoto. She's sewing him on (for example, sewing a badge
on a coat). ohke-phoenheo'o. They (an.) are sewed on. vti: -phoenht. See: -no'ent.
-phoeohe vai. go alongside. -phoeohe. He's going alongside (someone). -phoe'e vai. stand alongside. -phoe'e. He's standing alongside. fai: -. -phoeotse
vai. vii. be stuck on (for example, a fish caught on a hook); have picture taken; be photographed. The semantics of picture taking probably has something to do with the photographic image being "stuck" on to the photographic medium. Usage: Okla. dialect when used for having one's picture taken.. Montana Dialect: -mxe'eotse. -phoeotse. It was stuck on (Or, He had his picture taken; Okla. Dialect). Mstahsev'-phoeotshevhe na'stse nom'ne. One more fish must have gotten caught (on the hook). [1987:283]
-phoeots'seh vta. cause s.o. to be stuck on, take picture of s.o. -phoeots'shho. He took his
picture.
-phoeots'tov vta. stick to s.o. -phoeots't'e ma'khhnovaso. Cockleburrs (obv) are stuck to him.
See: ma'khhnvso.
phoeotsesttse na. picture.Literally: stuck (on wall) thing. Pl: phoeotsstoto. See: phovaneo'o stamp;
mxe'eotsesttse picture (Montana dialect).
-phoee vai. lie close to, hang close, stick close to. See: phoeesttse cradleboard. -phoe. He's
lying up close against. nhe'xovetonto tsohkxaeho'-phoeenvtse. It's so cold that they (testicles) are hanging up close (to the body).
-phoeem vta. stick s.o. to something. -phoeemho. He stuck him to (it). See: -khoeem. -phoestonaov vta. make cradleboard for s.o. -phoestonaovho She made a cradleboard for him. phoeesttse ni. cradleboard. phoeesttse refers to a beaded one; hhkha'e to a plain one ?? This is a
hardbacked type. See: hhkha'e.
-phoetse'ohe vai. work alongside. -phoetse'ohe. He worked alongside (someone else). -phoevee vai. lie very close. -phoeve. He's lying close by. [pd653] See: -phoeee(n). Phoevton'e na. Attached Feathers Woman. See: voto. phoevovstomsanhe na. teacher's aide. pho(n)- i. stick to; affix; adhere to. -phonoe't vai. hang stuck on. -phono'to. He is stuck on.
vii. xho'hv'hnse ma'heonemhene xxvo hne tsohke-phonoe'too'stse nhhe ma'heneestsmhene. The bell was heard, those (bells) that hang there in church. ?? [1987:142] Ne'hnhtse netao'o hov'he hne tshvsve-phono'to! Wash everything dirty stuck on (your face)! [1987:290] See: -hoe't. Final: -oe't.
-phonoe't'tov vta. stick to s.o. -phonoe't't'e. It (animate; obv) is stuck to him. (for example, a
burr stuck on s.o.).
-phonoht vai. have a flat stomach, have an empty stomach, be hungry. that is, he's rather slender. phonhta. He has a flat stomach. See: -pnoht.
-phono'e'tov vta. sit close to s.o. -phono'e'tovho. He's sitting close to him. -phono't vii. next to, sit close to, stuck to, adhere. -phon'ta. It is stuck on. for example, of a
stamp, stuck to an envelope.
-phonnoo'e vai. sit alongside. -phonnoo'e. He is sitting alongside (someone else). -phonoo't vii. stuck on. -phono'ta It is stuck on-closed (for example, padlock on door). ts'ko phono'ta the door is padlocked (lit. round thing is stuck on (the door)). e-phono'ta It's
still (stuck) on there.
-phoo'hotse vai. run alongside. -phoo'hotse. He's running alongside (of someone). -phovan vti. put on s.t.; affix s.t. This refers to what is stuck on, not the surface to which it is stuck.
ma'xe-phovna. She put a lot of it (e.g. makeup) on. vta. stick on s.o.; affix s.o. Mxe'eotsstoto s'-phovaneo'o. Pictures are still (stuck up) there.
phovaneo'o
na. stamp; postage stamp; food stamp.Variant: phoen'o. Literally: affixed(.thing). Pl: phovaneono. See: phoeotsesttse.
phpoekhmxe ni. flat wood (for example, for an oar). phpoesmo ni. raft (rawhide type). See: smo.Literally: flat-boat. pahpon- i. flat on top. -phpnahe vai. be flat on top. -phpnahe He is flat on top. -phpone' vai. balk; refuse to go; stay put. V'keme -phpon'o Old Man Winter refuses to leave.
ohke-phpon'o anse He (for example, my baby) just stays outside (likes the outdoors).
-phpon vii. flat. -phpno. It is flat (for example, a table or an oar). Etymology: cf. M pepa:kan ??.
See: -onstahk; phpoekhmxe.
-phponneehhame na. tapeworm (poss.). taomhtsenhtvenestse ne-phponneehhame. Your

tapeworm can almost talk by itself (= your stomach is growling). IndepNoun: phponneehhe; Medial: -n.
phponneehhe
na. tapeworm.Literally: flat-ropelike-one. Obviative: phponneehheho; Medial: -n.
Pl: phponneehheo'o.
-phponoo'e vai. be flat on top.Literally: flat-sit. for example, of rock that is stratified in ledges, like
boards. -phponoo'e. He (for example, a rock) is flat on top. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -amoo'e; -noo'e.
Pkehe na. Powder Face. Usage: nickname. Non-contracted: Pvnhe. pa'- i. lump; bump; knob; hump. See: pa'(e)-.Variant: pa'k-. P'ahtse na. Lump Mouth. pa'(e)- i. lump; bump; knob; hump. takes /e/ if following morpheme begins with a vowel. Etymology:
*pexkw-.Variant: pa'(k)-.
P'ee'se na. Lump Nose. P'ees'e na. Lump Nose Woman. -pa'ees vai. Medial: -es.have a lump on the nose. -pa'ese He has a bump/lump on his nose. -pa'haht vai. Medial: -haht.have a lump on the foot. -pa'hhta ('h?) He has a lump on his foot. Pa'hne'e na. Knobbed Neck.Literally: Knobbed Nape. -pa'e'svoht vii. bulge bottom from freezing.Literally: bump-butt-freeze. Tse-pa'e'svhta. It will get
a bulge from freezing. for example, how the bottom of a bucket of water bulges when it is left outside during freezing weather. See: -'xe'svhta. BodyPartMedial: -'es.
-pa'e'hahe vai. have deep guttural voice. esp. refers to the voice one has from coughing a lot during a
common cold. Medial: -e'hahe. -pa'e'hahe He has a deep, guttural, coughing sound voice.
-pa'e'hahotse vai. come to have deep guttural voice. esp. refers to the voice one has from coughing a
lot during a common cold. Medial: -e'hahe. N-pa'e'hahotse I have a hoarse voice (from a sore throat).
Pa'e'ohko na. Knob Pipe. See: he'ohko. -pa'e'pa'on vai. be humpbacked. -pa'e'pa'na He is humpbacked. pa'e'pa'onhe na. humpback; camel. Usage: neologism; an elder recently gave the English meaning as
'humpback' and didn't mention 'camel' at all; perhaps the usage for 'camel' is recent, for use in school curriculum. Medial: -'pa'on.Literally: hump-backed-one. Variant: pa'ke'pa'onhe. Pl: pa'e'pa'onheo'o. Obviative: pa'e'pa'onheho.
pa'e'pa'onahttse na. humpback. See: pa'e'panonhe.Pl: pa'e'pa'onhtoto. -pa'n vai. have a lump on the face. -pa'ne He has a lump on his face. -pa'enhpo'hon vai. have a goiter. See: henhpo'hoo'tse; ma'xe-nhpo'hoo'tse; -nhpo'hoo'tse. pa'enhpo'hna He has a goiter.Literally: have a lump in the esophagus ??.
-pa'eht vai. have a lump on the leg. -pa'ehta there is a bump/lump on his leg. Initial: end s.t. (that is,
a story).
-pa'sests vti. 1 tie a knot at the end of s.t.Variant: -pa'ksests. -pa'sstse. He tied a knot in it.
2 stop telling a story. that is, tied a knot in the end of the story; bring it to an end. Usage: fig.. Pa'sstsstse! Tie a knot in it! vta: -pa'eeh. See: -too'ests; -hna'oests.
-pa'eeh vta. tie a knot at the end of s.o. for example, said of tying the end of tripe. Pa'eeha! Tie
a knot at the end of him (for example, tripe)! vti: -pa'sests. See: -too'et.
-pa'en vai. lump on the chest, chest lump. -pa'ne. He has a bump/lump/hump on his chest.
BodyPartMedial: -en.
-p'he'haa'e
vai. have croup. -p'he'haa'e. He has croup. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -he'haa'e; hesva'xeme.
-pa'homev vta. feed s.o. until full. N-pa'homvo. I'm feeding him until he is full. See: -n'so'enot. pa'(k)- i. lump, bump, knob, hump. Reduplicated: pop'(k)-. -pa'kas vai. bulging belly, belly bulged. -pa'kse. His belly bulges out. See: -thpe'as. -pa'ksotse vai. belly bulged, show (pregnancy).Literally: bump-belly-become. e-pa'ksotse. She's
starting to show. See: -thpe'as; -hse'e.
pa'(k)e- pv. lump, bump, knob, hump. Reduplicated: pop'ke-. Pa'khahthe na. Knobbed Foot.Variant: Pa'hahthe. -pa'ke'on vai. be humpbacked. Nstsev'-hhta'henne eva; nstsepa'ke'na. Don't tell stories in
the daytime; you'll become humpbacked. (cultural prohibition).Variant: -pa'e'on.
pa'ke'pa'onhe
na. brahma bull.Literally: diminutive-humpbacked-one. Pl: pa'ke'pa'onheo'o. Obviative: pa'ke'pa'onheho.
Variant: pa'e'pa'onhe.
-pa'ke'e vii. bump protrude. -pa'ke'e. The bump can be felt. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -. -pa'ksest
vti. knot s.t. -pa'kssta. He knotted it. Pa'kssthtse! Tie a knot in it! (variant).Variant: -pa'ksests. vti. knot s.t. -pa'ksstse. He knotted it. Pa'ksstsstse! Tie a knot in it! Pa'kssthtse! Tie a knot in it! (variant).Variant: -pa'sests; -pa'ksest.
-pa'ksests
-pa'kseeven vti. vta. tie a knot quickly in s.t./s.o. so thread won't unravel. N-pa'kseevna. I
tied a knot on it so the thread won't unravel. Pa'kseevnhtse! Knot it!
-pa'kee vai. lie as a lump. -pa'ke. He looks like a little pile as he's lying there. -pa'k vii. have a lump. -p'ko it's has a bump/lump/knob.Variant: -pa'. -pa'kma'enen
vai. make mounds. -pa'kma'enne He made mounds. Medial: -ma'.Variant: pa'ma'enen.
-pa' vii. bump. -p'o. It has a bump on it.Variant: -pa'k.
-pa'ht'ov
vta. kick s.o. in the stomach. -pa'ht'ovho. He kicked him in the stomach. BodyPartMedial: -oht. See: -pa'htn. oht. See: -pa'ht'ov.
-pa'htn vta. kick s.o. in the stomach. -pa'htano. He kicked him in the stomach. BodyPartMedial: -pa'htotse
vai. gall bladder attack. -pa'htotse. He had a gall bladder attack.Literally: lumpintestines-become.
-pa'ma'o'e vii. be a rise; bump of land, be a hill. taehxovhoma nhno -pa'ma'o'e Directly across
from there was a rise (Stamper 1991:8).
pa'sovtse na. ghost, spirit, bogeyman. Cheyennes close window shades at night, so a pa'sovtse (or
mstaa'e) can't look inside. Pa'sovtse ne''k'o. window).Pl: pa'sovoto. Usage: obsolescing. See: mstaa'e.
reduplicated: -pnestse.
A spook is looking in (the
-p'panestse vai. fart (repeatedly). -p'panestse He repeatedly farted. Notes (Phonology) redup NonPanhke'e na. Bannock Indian.Pl: Panhke'eo'o. -pnestse vai. fart, break wind. -pnestse. He farted. ma'xe-pnestse. He farted loudly. P'eo'o ohkepnstseo'o. Nighthawks fart (it is said they make a sound like farting). Reduplicated: p'panestse. When someone farts, especially if it is during a quiet time, it is sometimes said, ho'hexhesstse 'I wonder what he is overheard to say?!' This is quite humorous. A variant is ho'hexhevoo'o 'What is he overheard to say?!'. See: -ho'hevnen; -hahpe'vnen; he'khovos. Etymology: *pe:ketekwa.
-pnstsma'h vii. smell of farts, fart smell. -pnstsm'ha. It smells of farts. -pnstsmea'xe vai. smell of farts, fart smell. -pnstsmea'xe. He smells of farts. -pnstsnome vai. fart sleeping. -pnstsnome. He farted while sleeping. fai: -nome. -pnste vai. lie farting. -pnste. He's lying there farting. See: -mmee. pano'- i. spread on. pano'has'o ni. syrup. See: hhnomhpano'has'o. -pano'oh vti. spread on s.t. -pano'ha. He spread it (for example, butter) on. Pano'htse! Spread it
on!
-pano'hen vai. spread. N-pano'hne. I spread (something). -po'kvohe vai. carry baby in a blanket on the back.Variant: -po'vohe. -po'kvohe. She carries
children on her back (in a blanket).
-po'kvoht vti. haul s.t. on the back. h-po'kvhtanhoontse. She put (her clothes) on her back
(tied around her neck)/. [1987:291]Variant: -po'voht. See: -amvhto'he.
-po'om vta. carry s.o. in blanket on the back. a traditional way of carrying a baby. See: -amo'xe; nxehn; -no'hn'tov; -no'e'tov. -po'omho. She's carrying him in a blanket on her back. vai: -po'vohe.
-po'vohe vai. carry baby in a blanket on the back. This was a traditional way for women to carry
babies. Usage: This pronunciation is more common than -po'kvohe..Variant: -po'kvohe. po'vohe. She's carrying her baby on her back. vta: -po'oom; fai: -vohe. See: -amo'xe.
-po'vhee'e vai. sit with baby on back. -po'vhee'e. She is sitting with her baby on her back. -po'vhe'e vai. stand carrying (a baby) in a blanket on the back. -po'vhe'e She's standing
carrying her baby in a blanket on her back. Notes (Phonology) vs Final: -vohe.
-po'vhe'tov vta. carry s.o. on the back. 'hke-po'vhensesto. She would carry (her daughter)
on her back. [1987:58]
-po'vhoo'e vai. carry in a blanket on the back. -pao'vhoo'e. She carried something in a blanket
on her back. See: -po'vohe; -amo'xe; -o'xe. Notes (Phonology) vs
-po'voht vti. carry s.t. on the back. -po'vhta. He carried it on his back.Variant: -pao'kvoht.
vta: -po'vt.
pphe p. on the back! request or invitation to ride on one's back. Usage: baby talk.
Paphhe na. Limpnose, Limpman. Usage: translation uncertain. phke p. long lead, far in front. -pa'hahts vti. tear apart s.t., rip apart s.t., tear s.t. to pieces. -pa'hhtse. He tore it to pieces. quick
action; esp. done when angry. Tsema'xeva-pa'hhtse. He will really tear it apart. See: onnxa'hahts.
-pa'ham vta. tear apart s.o., rip up s.o. -pa'hamho. He ripped him up. -pa'hamho hestse'heno.
He tore up his shirt.
-pa'
vai. 1 rip. Mhma'xemheanhe-pa'hhe taestve. (The curtain in the Temple; an.) really
ripped down right in the middle. [Luke 23:45] 2 fall through. Usage: fig.. for example, someone's plans.
peamnenesttse ni. trowel. peamn'o ni. chinking. for example, cloth, mud, cement or whatever else is used to fill the cracks
between logs of a house.
-pan vti. crumble s.t./s.o., tear apart s.t./s.o. -pna. He crumbled it/he made it finely granulated (for
example, crumbled sugar lumps). vta. -panho. He crumbled him. See: -pen.
-pas vta. cut up s.o. -pasho. He cut him up.Variant: -pes. -pxa vti. chop s.t. into little pieces. -pxa. He chopped it into little pieces. Reduplicated: -pe'peax. -peees vai. 1 have a ground nose. See: -tvahe; -mshnee'e; -pnahe.
2 crazy,
hellraiser, goofy, hellraiser/goofy/daring.
daring.
Usage: fig..
-peese
He
'crazy'/he
is
peese hellraiser.Literally: ground-nose. Usage: teasing epithet. -peees'ov vta. step on the nose of s.o. -peees'ovho. He stepped on his nose. See: -pes'ov. -peet vta. tear apart s.o. for example, of tearing clothes off s.o. -peetho. He tore him apart. See: peot; -n'so'eh; -nhkhnho'he.
-pehaht'ov vta. step on the foot of s.o. -pehaht'ovho. He stepped on his foot. -pehahts vti. 1 break s.t. to pieces. N-pehhtse hetohko. I broke the dish all to pieces. -pehhtse
vovtse. He cracked the egg (for example, for frying). See: -pevo'hahts; -p'peeotse. 2 Nhtsesta -pehhtse. He broke my heart. Usage: fig., idiom in use, probably borrowed from English. vta: -peem.
Peka na. Indian giver ?? See: Pekane. Peka'e na. Piegan Woman. -pekaeve vai. be a Piegan. -pekave He is a Piegan. Pkne
na. Piegan. member of one of the Blackfoot bands. Usage: transliteration ??.
both singular and plural.
-pe' vti. wear out s.t. -pe'antse hemo'khantse. He wore out his shoes. -pe''h vta. tear s.o., rip s.o. -pe'o'ho. He tore him. vti: -pe''ts. -pe''ts
vti. tear s.t., rip s.t., break s.t. N-pe''tse mxe'stoo'o. I tore the paper. See: -'xa'; onnxa''ts. vta. -penho. He ground him. Etymology: *po:xkonamwa.
-pen vti. grind s.t./s.o., pulverize s.t./s.o. -pna. He ground it. -penan vai. grind berries. -penne. ?? She made patties/she ground berries. ??Variant: -penen. -penen vai. grind berries. -penne. He's grinding berries.Variant: -penan. pen'o ni. grinder. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: peneontse. See: pnhemenahttse. -penohts vti. shred s.t. -penhtse. He crushed/shredded it.
pens'ov
vta. 1 step on toe of s.o., step on finger of s.o. -pens'ovho. He stepped on his finger/toe.Variant: -peos'ov. BodyPartMedial: -os. 2 step on toes of s.o. Usage: fig., idiom borrowed from English. vta. swat s.o. squashed. -peoesthnho. He swatted him so he was squashed. (for example, a bug).
-peoestoh(n)
-peoeem vta. make s.o. break. -peoeemho. He made them (an.) break up. -peoha'ov vta. squash s.o. by stepping. -peoha'ovho. He stepped on him (for example, stepped on a
bug and squashed it). Final: -a'ov.
-peohts peon'e
vii. vai. be destroyed. h'tva eeva netao'o he'ama nsto'semhe-peohtsnse naa ho'e Someday all heaven will be destroyed, and the earth (also). (Hymn 39). na. tobacco; bull durham. This is finely cut tobacco, for rolling your own cigarettes. See: tse'nmoo'o. vta. 1 step on toe of s.o., step on finger of s.o. -pep'ovho. He stepped on his finger/toe.Variant: -pens'ov. BodyPartMedial: -os. 2 step on toes of s.o. Usage: fig., idiom borrowed from English. n'so'eh.
peos'ov
-peot vta. wear out s.o. -peotho hevxeono. He wore out his socks. See: -peet tear apart s.o.; -peotse vii. vai. torn, become destroyed; crumbled. -peotse It (or he) was destroyed; crumbled. -pes vta. cut up s.o. -pasho. He cut him up (for example, cloth).Variant: -pas. -pesan vai. dressed ragged. -pesne. He's dressed in ragged clothing. fai: -san2. -pestsa'ov vta. break head of s.o. by stepping on it. -pestsa'ovho. He broke his head by stepping
on it.
-pestse'ham vta. tear shirt of s.o. -pestse'hamho. He tore his (other person's) shirt. -pee vai. crumble, splatter, torn to bits. -pe. He was torn to bits. -peem vta. break s.o. to pieces. See: -'otse'konn; -ononstan. N-peema. I fell to pieces over him.
Usage: fig.. vti: -pehahts.
-pet vta. disrobe s.o. violently. usually done with the intention of rape. -petho. He tore his/her
clothes off. See: -'xeet.
-pevo'eh vii. break into pieces. H'the mna'stse hnshpe-pevo'hnovsesttse. They (buffalo
herd) (crashed through) breaking up these breastworks. (1987:308).
-pevo'hahts vti. break s.t. into pieces. -pevo'hhtse. He broke it into pieces. (for example, china
dolls). See: -pehahts.
-pevo'ee vai. lie crushed ?? -pevo'e. He lay crushed. [PD653] -pevo'ohn vta. smash s.o. -pevo'hnho. He smashed him. N-pevo'hno v'ho'e. I smashed the
spider.
-pex vti. cut s.t. in pieces. N-pxa I cut it up in pieces. See: -vov'sax. -pexov vai. tear up. -pexva. He tore up (things). Final: -ov. See: -pe'pe'nov. phv- i. good; well. N-phvomhtahe. I feel good. N-phvhtomne. I heard it good (heard s.t. that
is good news??). Preverb: phve-.
-phvaeta vai. right size; good size. -phvaeta. He's the right size. -phvh'en vai. cook well. -phvh'ne. She cooked well. haho nphvh'ne Thanks; you
cooked well. Final: -ah'en.
-phvh'eov vta. cook good for s.o. -phvh'eovho. He cooked good for him. -phvahe
vai. good; handsome. -phvahe. He is good. vii: -phva'e; vta: -phvh'tov. See: mo'onahe; -ono'ahe. vta. treat s.o. well. nonm't'e hne'enhe-phvh'tovhtsvosstse when they treated each other well (1987:302). Synonym: -phve'tov.
-phvh'tov
-phvho'he vai. cooked well. -phvho'he. He was cooked just right. -phvhtomn vai. hear good news, hear well. -phvhtomn. He heard good news / he has good
hearing.
-phvahtsen vai. have a good mouth. -phvhtse He has a nice mouth/he has a nice lip(s). Notes
(Sociolinguistics) ipiva, epeva'e
-phva'e
vii. good. -phva'e. It's good. -phva'e. It is alright now. n-phva'e. It's alright/good enough/"Leave it alone (it's good enough)!". oseehohe-phva'e. it's really, really good. Simplified Spelling: -peva'e.Variant: -phva'e. vai: -phvahe; Antonym: -hvsva'e. See: -phveotse.
-phva'ham vta. throw s.o. well. -phva'hamho. He threw him well. for instance, of pitching a ball
(animate).
-phva'haso'he vai. ride horse well. -phva'haso'he. He rode his horse well. -phva''ts vti. make s.t. good right away, fix s.t. right away. -phva''tse. He fixed it right away.
See: -phvan; -pe''ts.
-phva'ov vta. good for s.o. Ho'vohktse n-phva'oo'e. The meat was good for me. Ma'heo'o, haho
nthettse h'the tsto'semstse; nhtsemhe-phva'nne. God, "Thank you," I say to you for this food; it will be good for us. Hestsettse n-phva'ova. The kidney (an.) was good for me. See: -homhth'ov. Notes (Phonology) vs
-phva'xan vai. cry nicely, cry in a good way. -phva'xne. He's crying in a nice way. -phvan vti. fix s.t./s.o., make good s.t./s.o. -phvna. He fixed it. vhse-phvna. He fixed it
back up again.
vta. -phvanho. He fixed him up. 'sane-phvanhtshoo'o. She prettied herself (surp.). [1987:269] Antonym: -hvsvan.
-phvan vai. fix; make good; repair. Nhhe 'e-phvne. He was fixing (the car) there. [1987:157]
vti: -phvan.
-phvanen vai. be nicely ready; have a good hand (in cards). N-phvanne. I have a good hand.
"e-phvanenhne!" xhetaevhoono. "Get ready!" he told them. [1987:69]
Phvanstoohe na. Sings Good; Sings Nice. See: -nstoohe. -phvas vai. have a good belly. See: -as. -phvse He has a nice belly. -phvsh(n) vta. 1 part hair of someone well. Contracted: -phevetvhseh(n). See: -tvseh(n).
2 screw s.o. (a woman) intensely. Usage: fig.. -phvshnho. He screwed the hell out of her.
-phvsome vai. poop well, make good poop, defecate well. -phvsome. He makes good poop. for
example, a rabbit makes good poop that can be used for fertilizer. fai: -asme.
-phve'e
vai. drink well. This is sometimes said sarcastically of a drunk. See: -hehpe'e. phve'e. He drinks good. Final: /-as'e/.
-phvtam vta. like s.o., regard s.o. as good.Literally: regard him as good. -phvatamho He likes
him/he regards him as good. -phvatamahtse. He is 'stuck up.'. -phvatamhtseo'o. They think they are good. It is a strong Cheyenne cultural value that people should not feel this way about themselves.
-phvatamaahe vai. be good-looking. phvatamaahe He is good-looking. -phvatamaeotse vii. become good (esp. of weather) ?? -phvatamaeotse the weather has turned
nice.
-phvatamno'e vii. be good weather. -phvatamno'e It's nice weather. Notes (Phonology) iah -phvatse'one
vai. have a good character. tshee-phvatse'onse tsehee'hahto ts'ethehne'entan'to hov'he as he is of good-standing character my son wants to know
something (1987:104).
-phvtse'oneve vai. have a good character. -phvatse'oneve He has a good character. [STORIES.TXT] -phvtsest vti. like s.t.Literally: regard s.t. as good. N-phvtssta. I like it. N-phvatsstahe? Do
you like it? Nohkhohe-phvtssta Tshsenstsesttse. I really like the Cheyenne language.
-phvtsstaots't vti. come to like s.t.; come to regard that s.t. is good. Ntaosee-phvatsstaots'ta
hne that song I really thought that song was good (1987:168). Notes (Phonology) Note that this verb has two layerings of TI morphology, the second required because the final -otse detransitivizes.
-phvxa vti. cut s.t. well. -phvxa. He cut it well. phvepv. 1 good, well. N-phvemsehe I ate good. N-phvenaotse. I slept well. phveoo'khne. It's good that he's cutting hay. N-phvho'hne. It's good that you came. The
preceding Cheyenne verbs show that a preverb such as phve- (and mhe-, etc.) can modify more than one possible syntactic argument. This preverb can act as a prenoun, as seen in the example phv-hetane 'good man.'. phv-hetane a good man. 2 intensely, much. Usage: fig.. Nte-phvep'pnhno. I really slapped him. Nnphvenonoma'xe. I got really nervous (literally, 'shook good'). Nte-phvevonetno. I plum forgot about it. Nv'tse-phvexheve! Don't you dare say that! Usage: The use of this preverb as an intensifier may be borrowed from English, as when English speakers say something like "I hit him good.". Initial: phv-.
-phveahtam vta. pleasure s.o. by sounds. what causes pleasure could be one's speech, singing, or
preaching. N-phveahtama. I like what he says. (lit., he pleasures me by his sounds). phveahtmaa'e. He likes the sound of it. N-phveahtmoo'o. They liked my presentation. See: -phve'aht.
Phveamehtse vai. Walks Nice.Variant: Phveamehtse. -phveeh vta. do good to s.o. -phveehho. He did good to him. Synonym: -phve'tov. -phveham vai. have a good husband. -phvehma. She has a good husband. Medial: -ham. -phvenehe
vai. taste good. -phvenehe. He (for example, fish or turnip) tastes good. phvenheo'o. They (an.) taste good. vii: -phvno'e. See: -phve'sen.
-phveno'e vii. taste good. -phveno'e. It tastes good. -phveno'nstse. They (inanimate) taste
good. vai: -phvenehe. See: -phven'e sew well.
-phvees vai. good nose. -phvese. He has a nice nose. -phvt vii. good snow. -phvto. It's good that it's snowing. See: -phvoo'koh. -phvhahts vti. place s.t. well. -phvhhtse. He placed it well. fti: -ehahts. -phvhasen vai. have a good number of seeds up in the seed-in-basket game, play cards well. Nphvhasne. I had a good game. Final: -hasen.
-phve'aht vti. like the taste of s.t. N-phv'hta. I like its taste. See: -mhov'ht; -phveahtam. -phve'sen vai. like the taste (of s.t.). See: -phve'e. -phve'sne He likes the taste (of it)/he
really goes after it. Final: -'sen.
-phve'sta' vai. good hair. -phve'st'e. He has nice hair. See: -phvovs. -phve'v vai. Medial: -'v.have a good wife. -phve'va He has a good wife (spouse?). -phve'xan vai. have good eyes. -phve'xne He has good eyes. -phv'ha vai. fly well. -phv'ha. He flew well. -phve'hahe
vai. have a good voice. -phve'hahe. He has a nice voice. See: -phvo'e'hahe. BodyPartMedial: -e'hahe.
-phve'han vai. eat well. -phve'hna He ate well. Reduplicated: -pophve'han. -phve'hoohe vai. fly well. -phve'hoohe. He flew well. -phve't
vta. honor; praise; call s.o. good. -phve'oto He honored him (called him good). Usage: subdialectal variant of -phvo't. vai. make good sound. -phve'eme. His noise sounds good / he's making a good sound. fai: -'eme. vai. do good to people. ma'heo'o tsohkhee-phv'tsnse how God is good to
-phve'eme
-phv'tsne
people.
-phve'tov
vta. do good to s.o., treat well s.o. -phve'tovho. He was good to him. Nhohephve'tova nhe hetane. That man treated me very well. [1987:181] N-phve't'e. They were good to me. Synonym: -phvh'tov, -phvo'eh. See: -vovhnheh; -nevtam'tov. vii. good temperature. -phve'xvho'tahe. Was it the right temperature? for example, asking about the temperature of a sweat. 2 tell off s.o. very badly. This is the use of Cheyenne phv- to mean 'intensely negative,' the
-phve'xvho't
-phvem vta. 1 speak well of s.o. -phvemho. He spoke well of him.

opposite of its normal meaning of 'good, well.' This is similar to English 'good' as in "He really did him in good.".
-phvemxem vai. have a good amount of firewood. -phvemxma He has a good amount of
firewood.
-phvemah'en
vai. cook something that smells good. -phvemah'ne. She's cooking something that smells good. fai: -ah'en.
-phvema'h vii. smell good. -phvem'ha It smells good. vai: -phvema'xe. -phvema'xe vai. smell good. -phvema'xe. He smells good. fai: -ma'xe. -phvemeho't vii. smell good cooking. -phvemeh'ta. It smells good while cooking. -phvemeotse vai. vii. smell good. -phvemeotse it/he smells good. -phvem'hahtsen vai. have a good beard. -phvem'hhtse He has a nice beard. -phvemohe vai. run well. -phvemohe. He's running good. -phvemos vai. do housework well. See: -homos. -phvemse She does housework well. -phvn vai. nice face. -phvne. He has a nice face. -phvene'ho'ta vii. be a nice room. -phvene'h'ta. It's a nice room. -phvenstomn vai. hear good news. N-phvenstomne. You heard good news. vai: -nstomn. -phvenestse vai. speak well. -phvenestse. He speaks well. fai: -nestse. -phvenests vti. make s.t. look nice. -phvenstse. He made it look nice (for example, a house).
vai: -phvenohe; vta: -phvenoh. fai: -nohe.
-phven'e vai. sew nicely. -phven'e. She is sewing nicely. See: -phveno'e taste good. -phvenome
vai. fai: -nme.sleep well. See: -htsenome. -phvenome He slept well. Nsaphvnmhe. I didn't sleep well.
-phvenon vai. sing well. -phvenne. He sang nicely. fai: -non. -phvenont vii. be nice music. -phvenonto it's pretty music (for example, on a radio). -phvenno'e vii. look nice; look pretty; look good. can be of some object or of the environment. phvenno'e. It looks nice. See: -henno'e.
-phvenoh vta. make s.o. look good. -phvenohho. He make him look good. vai: -phvenohe;
vti: -phvenests.
-phvenohe vai. look good. refers to the appearance of someone; can be said of a person or an
animal, such as a horse. -phvenohe. He looks good. vta: -phvenoh.
-phveht vai. have nice leg(s). -phvehta He has nice leg(s).Variant: -phvkht. -phve'e vai. stand in a good place, stand well. -phve'e. He's standing in a good place. -phveoo'hetanh
vta. cause s.o. to think well. See: -oo'hetan; -phveoo'hetan'tov. Nphveoo'hetanoha He made it so that I had clear thinking. phvtam. N-phveoo'hetan'tova He knows I can do it right.
-phveoo'hetan'tov vta. think of s.o. that he will do well ?? See: -oo'hetan; -phveoo'hetanh; -phveotse
vai. vii. become good. tse-phveotse It will turn out fine. "Nhtoanotse," xhesstse ts'va-phveotsse. "I was in difficulty," he said after he got all right. (1987:108). See: phva'e; -phvahe. Final: -otse.
-phvsan vai. dress well, dress nicely. -phvsne. He is nicely dressed.Variant: -phvsan. fai: san2. See: -vxee'e. -vxee'e generally refers to fancier dressing as for certain dances.
-phvst vai. cheer. can be done by birds or people. -phvstao'o. They cheered. fai: -st. See: h'st.
-phvstao'omenehe
vai. have a good life. -phvstao'omenehe. He has a good life.Variant: phvstao'omenehe. See: -phvstave.
-phvstave vai. well off. -phvstave. He's well off. See: -phvstao'omenehe. phvstsv'stse ni. flowers.Literally: pretty-headed-weeds. See: tsphvstsav'o'e. Phvstsv'htse na. Flies Around Well. See: -ve'h. -phvee vai. lie comfortably, lie well. -phve. He's lying nicely. Reduplicated: -pophve. Phvetaa'va vai. Good night. Usage: This is a loan translation. It is typically used in interactions
with non-Cheyennes.. Simplified Spelling: Pevetaa'eva.
-phvetan vai. happy, feel good emotionally. -phvetno. He is happy; feels good. This word is
widely known and commonly used. It seems to be the most generic of the Cheyenne words for positive emotional feelings. -veetan and -hettaetan are more narrowly focused. See: veetan; -hettaetan.
-phvetanh vta. gladden s.o., make s.o. happy. See: -phvetanov. -phvetanoho. He made him
happy. N-phvetanh'e. They made me happy. N-phvetanxme. You (pl) made me happy. Nh-phvetanhaene ma'heo'o God made us happy. (1987:197).
-phvetan'tov
vta. want s.o. to be happy. See: -phvtam. -phvetan'tovho He wished him vo'stane sa-phvetan'tovhevo h'ne'enstama'stse nohksaxae'em'etan'toehne when I don't like that person, when someone becomes angry at me, I don't even think about it (1987:212)
happiness.
-phvetanotse vai. become happy. -phvetanotse He became happy. -phvetanov

vta. be pleased with s.o. (for example, with how they live). See: -phvetanh. Nphvetanvo I'm pleased with him.
-phvetoetmoo'e vta. weather be pleasing to s.o. typically occurs in ITA construction, i.e. with
notional inan. subject and an. object. See: -phveahtm. -phvetoetmoo'e He liked the weather/the weather was pleasing to him. Notes (Phonology) vs
-phvetootmoo'e vai. sit where it is nice and cool. N-phvetootmoo'e. I'm sitting where it's nice
and cool. See: -tootm.
-phevetvhseh(n) vta. 1 part hair of someone well. Non-contracted: -phvsh(n). See: -tvseh(n).
2 screw s.o. (a woman) intensely. Usage: fig.. -phevetvhsehnho. He screwed the hell out
of her.
-phvevho't vii. run well. for example, of a car. -phvvh'ta. It runs well. -phveva'hasen vai. rattle well. -phveva'hasne. He shakes the rattle(s) well. -phvevhan vai. drum well; drum in an good way. -phvvhne. He drummed well. Antonym: hvsvevhan.
-phvevhe vai. named well, good name. -phvevhe. He has a good name. fai: -vh. -phvevs vai. have good antlers. -phvvse. He has nice horn(s) (antlers). BodyPartMedial: -ves. -phvevone vii. sound nice. -phvevone. ?? He is a nice sound. -phvevonehn vai. move to good position. for example, to position yourself for a good conversation
or to play handgame. -phvevonhne. He positioned himself well.
Phvevon'o vai. Good morning. This is a commonly used loan translation from English. This spelling is
the more difficult, technical spelling. Simplified Spelling: Pevevoona'o.Variant: phvevona'o.
-phvoem
vta. relate well to s.o. -phvoemo. He's got a good relationship with him. phvoemhtseo'o. They have a good relationship. See: -hoem.
-phvoemeh vta. think well of s.o. ?? -phvoemhho He thinks well of him. N-phvoemeha. I
think well of him. N-phvoemho. He thinks I'm good. N-phvoemhoo'o. They admire me. See: -hoem; -tnetoem.
-phvoest vai. wear a nice dress. -phvosta. She has on a nice dress. Final: -oest1. See: hoesttse; voesttse.
-phvostomo'he vai. nice personality. -phvostomo'he. He has a nice personality. Some attitudes
or actions which have been categorized under this general term are: mhohtahe 'he is loving'; msetsstahe 'he is hospitable'; tstno 'he is perserverant'; nhahkahe 'he is energetic'; hoto'ahe 'he is generous'; koomahe 'he is pure; virginal'; hxe'ahe 'he is clean; righteous'; ohnovahe 'he is patient'; nevtsstahe 'he shows pity; is merciful'; snohe 'he is friendly to anyone.'. Final: -ostom'he; Antonym: -hvsvostomo'he.
-phvstne vai. read well. -phvstne. He reads well. See: -ostn. -phevoheet vta. wrap s.o. well, swaddle s.o. well. -phevoheetho. She wrapped him well. esp. refers
to wrapping up a baby. See: -hheet.
-phvhomo'he vai. dance well. -phvhomo'he He danced nicely. Final: -ohom'he. -phvhne vai. sign good, good sign. -phvhne. He's making good signs. fai: -ohon. -phvhoo'e
vai. swim well; wade well. phv-hoeo'o. They are swimming nicely. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -ohoo'e.
-phvoht vii. frozen nicely. e-phvhta. It's already frozen nicely. [Croft] See: -he'konoht. -phvhtheve vai. vii. have a nice design. -phvhtheve It has a nice design. Final: -ohtheve. -phvhta'han vai. tell a good story. hothtse 'osee'e-phvhta'hansesto here, they told how they
had been treated well (1987:57).
-phvhtva vai. buy s.t. good. -phvhtva. He bought something that was good. -phvo'hotse vai. run well. -phvo'hotse. He ran well. -phvo'amo'he vai. benefit nicely. esp. of someone who promotes the well being of their family. phvo'amo'he. He benefits nicely.
-phvo'am'het (ht??) vii. go well ?? to'se-phvo'am'hto to'ssavona'hane. All will go

well, it will never be lost. (1987:104).
-phv'an vai. say well, pronounce well. -phv'ne. He pronounced well. fai: -'an. -phvo'eh vta. do good to s.o. -phvo'eeho. He did good to him. N-phvo'eemeno. You did
good for us. -phvo'ehahtse. He did something good for himself (for example, helped his life by graduating from college). Antonym: -hvsvo'eh; Synonym: -phve'tov.
-phvo'etahe
vai. do something good. Telling someone nphvo'etahe is a common way of indicating appreciation or thanks, similar to using the word n'ee. -phvo'etahe. He did a good thing. See: -'eh. fai: -o'etahe. vai. have a good singing voice. See: -phve'hahe. -phvo'e'hahe He has a nice
-phvo'e'hahe
singing voice.
-phvo'emaov vta. advise s.o. ?? -phvo'emaovho. He advised him. -phvo'h

vta. seat s.o. good. cause s.o. to sit in a good way, in a good place, in a right way. Phvo'xeha! Sit him right/well! Mxxaenepophvo'hahtshevhe. They were seating themselves in the good places. vai: -phvoo'e.
-phvo'khan vai. wear good shoes. -phvo'khna He has good shoes. -phvo'hts vti. regard s.t. good. -phvo'htse He deemed it good. vta: -phvo't. -phvo'o'e vii. good growth. -phvo'o'e It's a good field. -phvo'omenehe
vai. experience something good. -phvo'omenehe. He experienced something good. Antonym: -hvsvo'omenehe, -ho'omenehe. -phvo'tho. pronunciation of younger speakers. Ma'heo'o, n-phvo'ottse. God, I praise you. [PRAISE.TXT] fta: -o't. See: -ho't; -phvo'xeven; -momhe'em; -momhem.
-phvo't vta. praise s.o., speak well of s.o., talk good about s.o. -phvo'oto. He spoke well of him.
phvo'tanhe na. pretty necklace. can be a nickname said of someone fat; the necklace serves as a
symbol of good health. See: ho'ota.
-phvo'xeven
vta. praise s.o. quickly; speak well of s.o. quickly. Ntao'sev'netke'pvo'xevaentse. I'm just going to tell a few good things about you. Final: -ven. See: phvo't.
-phvo't vii. be in a good place, sit good, good position, sit well. for example, when a house is in a
good location. -phv'ta. It is positioned in a good place. See: -mo'ono't; -ho't.
-phvo'tonoh vti. braid s.t. good. See: -hesto'tonoh. -phvo'tonha He braided it good. -phvo'ts vti. keep s.t. well, put s.t. in a good place, set s.t. nicely. for example, keep s.t. safe. See: ho'ts. fti: -o'ts. -phv'tse. He set it nicely. for example, to set a tepee nicely.
-phvma' vai. nice paint. -phvm'e. He is nicely painted. Final: -ma'. -phvoma'en
vti. make the ground good by hand. -phvoma'na He improved (or fixed) the ground by hand. Tsh-phvoma'enenstove Memorial Day (lit. when the ground (that is, cemetery) is well groomed. Medial: -ma'; Final: -ma'o'e.
-phvoma'enen vai. make ground good. -phvoma'enne. He improved the ground. Phvoma'enenee
ni. Memorial Day.Literally: well.groomed-ground-day. tshphvoma'envse; Tshphevoma'enenstove; Phvoma'enenstva. See: Tshphevoma'enenstove; Soto tshphvoma'envse; Phvoma'enenee. See: Soto
Phvoma'enenstva obl. Memorial Day.Literally: at the good ground (that is, cemetery) grooming. -phvoma'o'e vii. good land. -phvoma''e It's good land. -phvoma'xov vai. plow well. -phvoma'xva. He plowed well. Final: -ma'xov. -phvomotse vai. have good sexual sensations, have a good orgasm. originally, simply meant to
have good sensations, but today seems to connote exclusively ?? sexual sensations. phvomotse. He (or She) had a really good orgasm. See: -homotse; -nhe'otse.
-phvomhtahe vai. feel good; be well. refers to physical health. N-phvomhtahe. I feel good. Nphvomhthehe? Are you feeling good? Final: -omhtahe; Antonym: -hvsvomhtahe.
-phvoms
vai. good hand. 'xe phvom-se. He has a good hand on the other hand. BodyPartMedial: -s. n.
-phvneee vai. lie good ropelike. -phvne. (The snake) is lying there in a good way. Medial: -phvne' vai. vii. grow well. See: -hne'. -phvn'o. It (or he) is growing well. -phvone'one vai. be clothed well ?? See: -hone'. -phvone'one He is clothed well/fig. he is a good
person.
-phvonen vai. have good teeth. -phvonne. He has nice teeth. Medial: -onen. -phvonv vai. hang drymeat nicely. -phvonva. She has her drymeat hanging in a good way.
fai: -onv.
-phvoht vti. see s.t. well. -phvhta. ?? He saw it clearly (or nicely). -phvoo'e vai. sit good. -phvoo'e. He's sitting in a good way; sitting comfortably. Notes (Phonology)
vs vta: -phvo'h. See: -phvo'.
-phvoo'koh
vii. good rain. -phvoo'kho. It's a good rain / it's good that it's raining. See: phvt; -hoo'koh. vs fai: -o'.
-phvo' vai. look well. See: -phvoo'e. -phv'o. He's taking a good look. Notes (Phonology) not -phvoom vta. good to see s.o. -phvoomho. He was glad to see him. N-phvoomatsemeno. We
are glad to see you/it's nice to see you. (cf. phva'e tshvomtse 'it's good to see you'). Final: -om2.
-phvooma'o'e vii. good ground. It's good ground for a picnic, or good road for traveling on. phvooma'o'e. It's good ground. fii: -o'e.
-phvoom'o'h vta. cover s.o. good with a blanket. N'-phvoom'o'xstse! Fix this blanket good
on me!
-phvoomn vta. cover s.o. good with a blanket. See: phvoom'o'h; homa. N-phvoomno I put a
good blanket on him.
-phvoomso'he vai. be decent; comely. See: -mo'onahe; -phvenohe. -phvoomso'he he/she is

comely.
-phvoomoeh
vii. be nice water. -phvoomoha. The water is nice. ?? See: -he'kotomeotse; he'kome'sev.
-phvva vai. soaked good. -phvva. He got soaked good / he's enjoying his swim. -phvovs vai. good hair. -phvovse. He has nice hair. See: -phve'sta'. -phvov'en vta. cover s.o. well. phvov'eneha Cover him up well! (1987:328). -phvxe'a'h vii. good movie. -phvxe''ha. It's a good movie. See: -mxe'a'h. -phvxe'stn vai. write well. -phvxe'stne. He writes (or draws) well. See: -mxe'stn. -phvxe'ee vai. pass. esp. in school. -phvxe'e. He 'passed'. -phvxe'oh vti. write s.t. well. -phvxe'ha. He wrote it well. -phvxe'ohe. It is written well. php- i. loose; shaggy. -phpan vti. vta. loosen s.t./s.o. ?? -phpna He loosened ?? it (by hand). -phpt vai. dusting snow, snow dusting. -phpto. It's "sprinkling" snow/there was a dusting of
snow.
Phpe'e na. Curly.Literally: bushy. -phpe'heve vai. be longhaired. -phpe'heve He is longhaired. -phpe'hov vai. be fuzzy; curly haired ?? -phpe'hva He is fuzzy/he is curly haired (or furred). phpe'ksa na. long haired goat.Literally: bushy-goat. Pl: phpe'ksne. See: ksa; m'hahtsksa. phpe'nanse'hame na. African lion. Usage: neologism.Literally: bushy-lion. phpe'oekso na. poodle.Literally: long haired-dog. phpe'pso na. Angora cat.Literally: bushy/longhaired-cat. -phpen vti. sprinkle s.t. -phpna. He sprinkled it. -phpoo'koh vii. raining with occasional drops. -phpoo'kho. It's raining with occasional drops.
See: -hoo'koh.
Pe''e na. Disorderly Woman. Notes (Phonology) short for Pe'pe''e esp. a nickname for a woman who is
in disarray, for example, has messy hair, but esp. refers to being scatter-brained or otherwise not culturally constrained. See: Pe'ese.
pe'e na. nighthawk. Holliman Spelling: bi i. HL: High-Lowering causes a phonemic high pitch ('nighthawk' is
phonemically /p'e/) which precedes a phonemic word-final low pitch to be realized as a low pitch. A lowered high is the same in pitch as a normal low pitch, clearly lower in pitch than a mid pitch. Some other examples of HL are mene /mne/ 'berry'; motke /mtehk/ 'knife'; -he'eve /-he've/ 'she is a woman'. P'eo'o ohkepnstseo'o. Nighthawks fart (it is said they make a sound like farting).Pl: p'eo'o. Obviative: pe'o. Etymology: *piikwa.
Pe'ee'se na. Big Nose. short for Thpee'se. Pe'ese ?eee?? na. Flat Nose. often used as a nickname for a loose person. See: -pnahe. p'he'honono na. bits and pieces of cloth. See: p'heto. p'heto p. scraps; odds and ends; bits and pieces, change (money). For example, scraps of cloth. A dog
was named this.
p'ho'sen-hohtva-mh'o ni. variety store.Literally: pieces-store. Pe'v'ta na. Jagged Rock, Bumpy Rock. Notes (Phonology) shortened form of Pe'pe'v'ta
pe'pe- i. pv. rough; troubled; scattered; messy; in pieces. N-p'pno I ripped him (for example, cloth)
all up. N-ma'xe-pe'pemxe'stne I wrote messy.
-pe'pexa vti. chop s.t. into little pieces. -pe'pexa. He chopped it into little pieces. Non-reduplicated: pax.
-p'peeanot vta. tear up s.o. by mouth. -p'peeanotho. He tore him up with his mouth. For example,
how dogs tear up things.
-p'peen vta. rip s.o. (for example, cloth) all up. See: -vov's'en. N-p'pno I ripped him all up. -p'peeotse vai. vii. break up; become rough; disintegrate; go to pieces. for example, of a road. See: pehahts. -p'peeotse. It (or he) became rough. nhtsesta -p'peeotse my heart broke (idiom
in use, probably from Engl.).
-pe'pex
vti. cut s.t. in pieces. N-pe'pxa I cut it up in pieces. Notes (Phonology) redup Nonreduplicated: -pex.
pe'pe'- i. rough; troubled; messy; scattered. Preverb: pe'pe-. -pe'pe'ahe

vai. have trouble; be in conflict. esp. of a troubled marriage, but can also be of other conflicts. -pe'pe'heo'o. They are having conflicts. Notes (Phonology) short version is Pe''e
Pe'pe''e na. Disorderly Woman. Usage: humorous; often used as a humorous nickname for someone. -pe'pe''eve vai. have trouble (of a woman). esp. marital conflict. -pe'pe''eve She 'is having marital
trouble'.
-pe'pe'a'hasne
vai. throw things around. -pe'pe'a'hasne. He's throwing things around. See: pe'pe'hasen. vta. stir up trouble for s.o. -pe'pe'anho. He stirred up trouble for him. vai: -pe'pe'anov. See: pe'pean.
-pe'pe'an vti. stir up trouble for s.t. -pe'pe'na. He stirred up trouble for it.
-pe'pe'nov vai. stir up trouble, make trouble, trouble. -pe'pe'nva. He stirred up trouble. See: pe'pe'nov disturb with talking; -mhteh'en stir up trouble.
-pe'pe'tamao'
laughing.
vai. make noise while laughing. -pe'pe'tamao'oo'o. They are making noise and
-pe'pe'eh
vii. be littered, lie scattered, be messy. for example, of a messy room. -pe'pe'ha. It's messy/littered. vai: -pe'pe'hasen. vai. be messy. -pe'pe'hasne. His room is messy/scattered. (lit. he has things scattered ??). fai: -ehasen. See: -pe'pe'a'hasen; -tehasen. vai. leave scattered tracks. -pe'pe'hhtse his tracks are everywhere/his tracks are spread all over. Final: -hohts.
-pe'pe'hasen -pe'pe'hohts
-pe'pe'e'hoohe vai. 1 holler while flying. for example, as geese do. -pe'pe'e'hoohe. He hollered
while flying. 2 fly mixed up. Usage: fig., have marriage problems. -pe'pe'e'hooheo'o. They are having marriage problems. See: -pe'pe'ahe.
-pe'pe'em vta. talk about s.o. in a scattered way. -pe'pe'emho. He talked about him in all kinds of
ways.
-pe'pe'enon vai. sing off tune. -pe'pe'enne. He's singing off tune. -pe'pe'eotse vai. make trouble. H'tva tsenonhxe-pe'pe'eotse. Sometimes there might be trouble.
(1987:27). Ms-pe'pe'eotshevhe. They were making trouble. (1987:28).
-pe'pe'st
vai. 1 holler; yell; scream; be noisy. -pe'pe'sta. He is hollering. 'eo'o ohkepe'pe'stao'o. Ducks holler. (1979:204). can be of a human or an animal (for example, duck). vta: -pe'pe'sta'tov. See: hst; -nono'; -hovhpo'em; -h'st; -thpe'e'hahe. 2 have domestic (esp. marital) conflict. Usage: fig.. Final: -st. -pe'pe'stao'o. They are
having marital trouble.
-pe'pe'sta'tov vta. holler at s.o. -pe'pe'sta'tovho He hollered at him. vai: -pe'pe'st.
-pe'pe'sts'e
vai. have messy hair. See: -hto'sts'e. -pe'pe'sts'e. He has messy hair (for example, windblown). Notes (Phonology) vs
-pe'pe'stsa'o'h vta. mess up hair of s.o. N-pe'pe'sts''ho. I messed up his hair. -pe'pe'stsa'xe vai. have messy windblown hair. -pe'pe'stsa'xe his hair is messy windblown. -pe'pe'sts'e vai. have messy hair; have hair tangled up. -pe'pe'sts'e. His hair is all messy,
tangled up. -pe'pe'stsaoeo'o. Their hair is all messy. See: -pe'pestsea'e.
-pe'pe'stsavenohe
bushy hair.
vai. appearance with bushy hair. -pe'pe'stsavenohe. It looks like he has
-pe'pe'ee vai. lie messy, lie all over. ma'xe-pe'pe'ne. They are lying in any old positions. ?? -p'pe'em vta. arrange s.o. in a messy way; leave s.o. lying in a messy way. For example, of playing
cards, like not putting them back in their box. -p'pe'emho. He arranged him in a messy way.
pe'pe'etane ?? na. troubled man. esp. refers to a person having marital trouble.Pl: pe'pe'etaneo'o. -pe'pe'tan vai. distract; be cranky. -pe'pe'tno. He distracts; makes things difficult (for example, a
baby crying for a bottle).
-pe'pe'etanotse vai. think chaotically. -pe'pe'etanotse. He's thinking chaotically. -pe'pe'vho't vii. sputter. esp. of an automobile. -pe'pe'vh'ta. (The car) is sputtering. -pe'pe'vm vta. distract s.o. by talking. N-pe'pe'vm'e They distract me with their talking. See: pe'pe'nova.
-pe'pe'vnen vai. bother with noise. -pe'pe'vnne He's making noise (for example, when I'm
trying to sleep or record a story).
-pe'pe'vone vii. be noisy. -pe'pe'vone It is noisy. ?? fii: -vone. -p'pe'h vti. have trouble with reference to s.t. tav'e-p'pe'hnvo They don't get along because of it
(liquor) (1987:61).
-pe'pe' vii. chaotic. -pe'p'o. It's chaotic. For example, of how a tribal council can act. -pe'pe'hthn
vai. use a conglomeration design. -pe'pe'hthneo'o They (Siouxs) use "conglomeration" designs (for example, numerous intricate geometric designs; Cheyennes view this as complicated; Cheyenne designs are simple and basic such as triangles, blocks, half moons).
-pe'pe'htheve vai. vii. have conglomeration design. -pe'pe'hthvnstse They (Sioux moccasins)
have a conglomeration of designs.
-pe'pe''san be untidy; be messy.

vai. -pe'pe''sne He has stuff here and there; he's untidy.
-pe'pe'neanen vai. wires scattered. N-pe'pe'neanne. I have wires scattered all over. -pe'pe'neeotse vii. vai. be tangled (of a string or other rope-like object). -pe'pe'neeotse. It's tangled.
Medial: -n.
-pe'pe'neee vai. lie tangled. of a ropelike object. Hevaho -pe'pe'neene. The rope is lying tangled
on the ground. (rope is grammatically plural).
-pe'pe'nov
vai. disturb with talking. -pe'pe'nva. He makes trouble with his talking. ohkepe'pe'novao'o. They disturb with their talking. See: -pe'pe'vm; -pe'pe'nov. Final: -nov.
Pe'pe'v'ta na. Jagged Rock; Bumpy Rock. Notes (Phonology) shortened to P'v'ta -pe'pe'ovs vai. have messy hair. -pe'pe'ovse He has messy hair. -p'pe'xe'stn vai. scribble, write messily. -p'pe'xe'stne. He writes in a messy way. -pe'pe'-tshes vai. be messy. See: -tshes. -pe'pe'tshso It is messy ?? -p'peno's'ov
vta. Medial: -as.stomp s.o. in the belly. p'peno's-'ova! Stomp him in the belly!
(from the Rabbit song).
-p'penom
vta. chew up s.o. htae-p'penomtsee'stse mata after peyote is chewed. Nonreduplicated: -pnom. Notes (Phonology) redup Initial: be crazy, silly, goofy.
p(n)- i. grind. -pnahe vai. be goofy; crazy; silly.Literally: ground up. See: -peees; Pe'ese?; -tvahe; -mshnee'e. pnahe. He is really "crazy.". Usage: typically used as a slang idiom.
-pno vii. shredded, ground, crushed. -pno. It's crushed. -pnoe't vai. vai. ragged. -pno'to. He/It is ragged. -pnoest vai. wear a torn dress. -pnosta. She has on a torn dress. Synonym: -o'xoest. -pnoh vti. chop; grind s.t. by tool. -pnha He chopped it (by tool)/he ground it? (for example,
meat; corn). ho'vohktse n-pnha I'm chopping the meat. mhaementse nv'e-pnhantse ho'honva I'm grinding the corn with a rock.
-pnhemen vai. pound berries. -pnhemna. She pounded berries. pnhemenahttse na. mortar; pounding rock. These are rocks for pounding on. Tjhey are round,
often partially hollowed out. Women used a smaller rock (pestle, Cheyenne peneo'o) to pound berries on these rocks.Pl: pnhemenhtoto. Obviative: pnhemenhtoto. See: peneo'o.
-pnhen vai. pulverize, crush. -pnhne. She is pulverizing. pnh'o ni. 1 wheat; barley; grain; flour.Literally: ground(.thing).
2 Wheat; Flour.
pnheon-mh'o ni. flour mill.Literally: grinding-house. -pnht vti. chew up s.t., grind s.t. in the mouth. -pnhta. He chewed it up. vta: -pnom; fti: -ht. -pnhtomev vta. chew food for s.o. -pnhtomevho. He chewed food for him. -pno'e'o'h vti. tear up s.o. -pno'e'o'hho. ?? He tore him up. -pno'e'o'ts vti. tear up s.t. for example, a piece of paper. -pno'e''tse. He tore it up. -pno'e vai. wear ragged shoes; wear worn out shoes. -pno'e. He is wearing worn out shoes.
See: -pno'khan.
-pno'khan vai. wear ragged shoes. -pno'khan. his shoes are worn out. See: -pno'e. -pnom vta. chew up s.o. fine. N-pnmo. I chewed him up fine. -pnomho. He chewed him up fine.
vti: -pnht; Reduplicated: -p'penom; Final: -om. See: -pnomev.
pnoma'x'o ni. plow. Notes (Phonology) apoc; vs -pnoma'xov vai. disk, plow. See: -ma'xov. -pnoma'xva. He's disking. pnoma'xovahttse ni. plow.Pl: pnoma'xovhtottse. -pnomev
vta. chew food for s.o. This is premasticating food, esp. for a baby. -pnomevho. He chewed food for him.
-pnovsehe vai. comb hair, brush hair. See: -pnovseh; -hxe'tseene'ehe; -tseene'he. -pnovsehe. He
combed his (own) hair. Pnovseestse! Comb your hair!
pnovshesttse na. comb, hairbrush.Pl: pnovshestoto. Obviative: pnovshestoto. -pnovseh(n) vta. comb hair of s.o., brush hair of s.o. -pnovshestse. He's combing his own hair.
Pnovseha! Comb his hair!
-pohnt vii. desirable ?? See: -hohnve-?. -pohnto. ??[ It is desirable. -pht vti. hate; dislike s.t. -phta He hates it. vta: -pt. -pohtahe vai. be hateful. -pohtahe. He is hateful. -pohtm vta. hate the gaze of s.o. N-pohtmo. I hate the way he is looking at me. -psan vai. hate; dislike. -psne. He hates. vti: -pht. pose- pv. i. hate, dislike. N-posematmo. I dislike his smell. -posh(n) vta. hit finger of s.o. -poshestse. He hit his (own) finger.
-pos'ov vta. 1 step on toe(s) of s.o. -pos'ovho. He stepped on his toes.

2 offend s.o. Usage: idiom, borrowed from English.
-posem vta. make sound hated by s.o. N-posema. I hate the sound of him (for example, of that
barking dog). Final: -em.
-posematm vta. hate the smell of s.o. N-posematmo. I hate his smell. See: -matm. -posetan vai. hateful think. N-posetno. I feel hateful. -posetanotse vai. come to have hateful thinking. tshmhaehee-posetanotsto as I had had hateful
thoughts (BERTHA.TXT).
-pt
vta. dislike s.o., hate.s.o. For some speakers, this word seems to be close to the meaning of
English 'hate.' For others, to get the meaning of 'hate' in Cheyenne requires the additional of an intensifier to this verb, for example, Nosee-pto 'I hate him.'. -poto. He dislikes him. ptho. (pronunciation of younger speakers). Nhane-pottse. I really hate you!/I hate you to death! (terrible thing to say to someone). See: -nstam.
-pkeno'e -peva'e
vii. taste really good. Usage: humorous word; not in common usage. -pkeno'e. It's tasty. See: -phveno'e. vii. good. -pva'e It's good. Precise Spelling: -phva'e. simplified spelling; In the modern Cheyenne alphabet, the full verb is technically written as Ephva'e, but this spelling is much more difficult to read. Also, Cheyenne readers do not need the accent marks, so theycan be left off for regular printing, and the full word can be written as just Epeva'e.
-pva'no'ham vai. drive well. -pva'no'hme. ?? He drove well. Peveeeeva vai. Good day. Usage: This is a loan translation. It is typically used in interactions with
non-Cheyennes and school children being taught some Cheyenne..
Precise Spelling: Phveeva.
Pevetaa'eva vai. Good night. Usage: This is a loan translation. It is typically used in interactions with
non-Cheyennes.. Precise Spelling: Phvetaa'va.
p- i. hit; punch; slap. implies sharp, quick slapping contact with a surface. N-pahtsenhno Who hit
you on the nose? Notes (Phonology) redup. to po- for emphasis ??
-pahtsenh(n) vta. hit s.o. in the mouth. N-pahtsenhno. I punched him in the mouth. [1980:33:9] -pahtsenxen vai. fall on mouth. -pahtsenxe He bumped his (own) mouth (for example, fell on
his mouth).
-panotse vai. vii. become absorbed. -panotse It (or he) was(?) absorbed ?? -pash(n) vta. punch s.o. in the belly. -pashnho. He punched him in the belly. -paseotse
vai. vii. swell; bloat. See: -phaseotse ??. bloated.Literally: swell-belly-RESULT. -paseotse
He (or it) swelled/he
-poatovotse vai. hair stand up; have scary chills on the spine ?? esp. from fear, for example, from
thinking s.o. is following oneself. See: -hestsskveotse; -homotse. N-poatovotse my hair is standing up.
-peesh vta. hit nose of s.o. for example, to hit their nose with your fist. -peesehno. ?? He hit him in
the nose. N-peeseha. He hit me in the nose. See: -pees'ov kick nose of s.o..
-pees'ov vta. kick nose of s.o. N-pees'ova. He kicked me in the nose. See: -peesh hit nose of
s.o..
-peh vii. slam. -pha. It slammed. See: -poe'hahts. -pehahth(n) vta. punch s.o. in the foot, hit s.o. in the foot. -pehahtahno. He punched him in the
foot (or feet). -pehahthnho. He punched him in the foot (or feet). (younger speaker pronunciation).
-pehahts vti. slap s.t. onto the ground.Literally: slap-place. -pehhtse. He slapped it onto the ground.
fti: -ehahts. See: -poe'hahts.
-pehane'h(n) vta. hit s.o. in the nape. N-pehane'hno. I hit him in the nape of the neck. -pehane'e vai. fall and bump nape, nape bump - fall. -pehane'e. He fell and bumped his nape.
-pehe'onxe vai. hit hand. to hit one's hand on something, for example, on a car door. -pehe'onxe.
He hit his hand (on something).
-pe''hahtxe vai. stomp foot. for example, when angry or to scare a horse away. -pe''hahtxe. He
stomped his foot. See: -poo'hen.
-pe'se vai. fall and bump buttocks. -pe'se. He fell on his buttock(s). See: -thevenxe ??. -pe'sth(n) vta. punch s.o. in the ear(s). -pe'sthnho He punched him in the ear(s). -pe'stxe vai. fall and bump ear. -pe'stxe. He fell on his ear/he bumped his ear. ?? -pe'xanh(n) vai. punch s.o. in the eye(s). -pe'xanhnho. He punched him in the eye(s). -poe'hahts vti. 1 slam down s.t., throw down s.t. -poe'hhtse. He slammed it down. vai: -pe'hasen.
See: nhohpo; -mhast; -anha'hahts; -peh; -pehahts. 2 devour s.t. entirely. Usage: fig.. -poe'hahtsnvo. They ate it all up like it was nothing.
-pe'hasen vai. shake; slam down ?? used for action of shaking the basket in the seed-in-basket game.
-pe'haseneo'o They're shaking See: k'koehasenesttse; -hasen.
(slamming
down?)
the
basket.
vti: -poe'hahts.
-pe'htane vai. fall on forehead. -pe'htane. He fell on his forehead. -pe'pa'onh(n) vta. hit back of s.o. N-pe'pa'onhno. I hit him in the back. -pe'pa'onxe vai. bump back. -pe'pa'onxe. He bumped his (own) back. -pe'ph(n) vta. hit s.o. on the ribs. -pe'phestse. He hit/slapped himself on his ribs. said of Crows
who hit themselves this way when they guess during handgames.
-pe'pe vai. fall on ribs. -pe'pe. He fell on his ribs. -pnh(n) vta. slap s.o. in the face, punch s.o. in the face. -penehno. He slapped him in the face. pnhnho. He slapped him in the face. (pronunciation of younger speakers). Nma'xepnhno. I slapped him hard on the face (one hit). N-penehe He slapped me. Reduplicated: p'ponh(n).
-pn'ov vta. hit s.o. in the face. N-pn'vo. I (accidentally) hit him in the face. BodyPartMedial: n.
-peneoestoh(n) vta. Medial: -n.slap; hit; punch s.o. suddenly in the face. nhta-peneoesthno I'll
slap her in the face! Reduplicated: -p'poeneoestoh.
-pne vai. fall on face, hit face when fell. -pne. He fell on his face. See: -kna'e. -penmxen vai. fall on thigh. -penmxe He fell on his thigh. -peomenh(n) vta. hit s.o. in his dwelling. nhtama'xe-peomenhno (ne'eme) I'll hit you hard in your
dwelling (of your snot) (that is, in your nose; a slangy threat; quite humorous when talked about). Notes (Sociolinguistics) pois, poiso
pso na. cat. Holliman Spelling: boi sso.Pl: pesono. Obviative: pesono. apoc; LHR: Low-to-High Raising, a
low pitch is raised to a high when it is preceded by a high and followed by a word-final high. Some other examples are: mne /men/ 'ticks'; n-vmo /n-vom/ 'I see him'; -nmne /-nmen 'he sang'; -m'o /-ma'/ 'it is red'. Diminutive: phkso.
-pesnema'h vii. smell of cat. -pesnem'ha It smells of cat. -pesneve'eme vai. meow. -pesneve'eme He meowed.Literally: cat-sound. -pesto'onh(n) vta. punch s.o. in the chin. Npesto'onhno I punched him in the chin. -pesto'onxen vai. fall and bump chin. -pesto'onxe He fell and bumped his chin. -pestsh(n) vta. punch s.o. in the head, hit s.o. in the head, slap s.o. in the head. One of the ways of
referring to an act of revenge against an offender. N-pestshno. I punched him in the head. Hothkeo'o nma'xevomoo'o tsspestsahento. I saw stars when I got bumped on the head. (This saying is in use and probably is a loan transl. from English). See: -peneoestoh; v'eestsh(n).
-pestsa'ov vta. hit s.o. on head. This is purposefully hitting s.o. on the head, unlike -kna'e'ov which is
unintentionally hitting s.o. on the head. -pestsa'oo'e. It hit him on the head. See: kna'ov accidentally bump s.o. on the head.
-pestsamas vta. shoot s.o. in the head. -pestsamsho. He shot him in the head. -pestsxe vai. fall and bump head. -pestsxe He fell on his (whole) head. BodyPartMedial: -en.
See: -peenh(n).
-pee vai. slam down. esp. of falling down onto something. -pe. He slammed against something. -peenh(n) vta. punch s.o. in the chest, hit s.o. in the chest. -peenehno. He punched him in the
chest. N-peenhno. I punched him in the chest.
-peta'xeva'ov
testicles.
vta. kick s.o. in the testicles. -peta'xeva'ovho. (t'xe ??) He kicked him in the
-peva'h vii. make a cracking sound. like a gun. -pv'ha. It makes a cracking sound (like a gun).
See: -pnevone.
peva'haseo'o
ni. whip. for example, for a team of horses.Literally: cracking-sound(.thing). See: v'eoho'hamesttse; o'hamvoo'xe.
-pevestaxe vai. fall and bump the temple. -pevestxe. He fell and hit his temple. -pevo'tanse vai. fall and bump cheek. -pevo'tanse. He fell on his cheek. Pevnae'hhe na. Navajo Woman. Pevonano ni. Navajo place; Navajo area. Final: -n2. Pevnne na. Navajo.Pl: Pevnaneo'o. ph- i. swell. -phahe vai. swollen. -phahe. He is swollen. vii: -phn. -phhtse vai. swollen mouth, swollen lips. -phhtse. He has a swollen mouth/lips. -pha' vii. swollen. -ph'o. It is swollen. Synonym: -ha'. phan'o ni. baking powder. See: pho'sanesttse yeast.Literally: swelling.up(.thing). Notes (Phonology)
vs
-phas vai. have a bloated belly. -phse. He has a bloated belly. e-phaseo'o. They have bloated
bellies already (for example, dead cows hit on the highway). BodyPartMedial: -as2.
-phasohts vai. gassy. -phashtse. He's gassy. BodyPartMedial: -as. -phees vai. swollen nose. -phese. His nose is swollen. -phe'xne vai. swollen eyes. -phe'xne. He has swollen eyes. -phnvov
vai. bruised face, swollen face (??). -phnvv. He has bruises on his face. BodyPartMedial: -n. Etymology: cf. M pa:hsekiw. See: -paseotse.
-pheotse vai. vii. be puffy; be swollen. -pheotse Ht's puffy/swollen (for example, a sprained ankle). -pheta'xevotse vai. have swollen testicles. -pheta'xevotse He has swollen testicles. phkso na. kitty cat, kitten, little cat. Non-diminutive: pso.Pl: phksono. Obviative: phksono. -phn vii. swollen. -phno. It's swollen. vai: -phahe. -pho'san vai. raise (esp. bread). See: phaneo'o; -pheotse; -khkonheonan. -pho'sne He raised
(for example, he raised bread).
pho'sanesttse ni. yeast. See: phan'o baking powder. pho'seo'o ni. yeast.Variant: pho'sanesttse. -pho't vii. be swollen by heat. khkonheo'o -ph'ta the bread has risen. Phonene (one?)
na. Gros Ventre. Usage: probably subdialectal variant.Variant: Mhonone ??. Pl: Phoneneo'o. Oblique: pho'va. See: -'es; nesstse. Etymology: cf. Ar besho.
pho' ni. rump, arse, ass, butt. Usage: vulgar.Variant: phoo'e. ne-ph'o your rump.Pl: pho'tse. -phot'o (-phet'o ??) (-phohta' ??) vai. bloated. M-phota'hhe. He was already bloated.
Usage: humorous when referring to someone fat lying on the floor passed out from being drunk.
p'- i. explode; pop. Etymology: *pa:k- ?\re explode; cf. O baashkide (N). See: pn-. po'- i. off of. N-po'hta I broke it off with my teeth. -p'ahe vai. gray. See: -p'ona'e. -p'ahe. He is gray. vii: -p'o; Synonym: -p'eta. -po'a'hahts vti. pull off s.t., tear off s.t. -po'a'hhtse. He pulled it off. -po'a'ham vta. pull off s.o. va-po'a'hamho. He pulled him/them back off (for example, pulled quills,
animate, off a dog's nose).
-po'a' vai. bucked off. -po''o. He was bucked off. fai: -a'. -po'a'xe vai. pull loose. -po'a'xe He pulled loose; broke free. ?? See: -ea'xe. Final: -a'xe. -po'anomev vta. allow room for s.o., save place for s.o. -po'anomevho. He saved room for him. half
an hour mhke-po'anomhehevhe nhhe half an hour they are allowed there (on the radio) (1987:168). -po'anomheo'o. A place was saved for them (for example, chairs for sitting in). See: -po'o't.
-po'anomht vti. leave room for s.t. ?? -po'anomhta He left room/space for it. vta: -po'anomev. -po'as vta. cut off s.o. See: -po'es; -po'evo'as. -po'sho. He cut him off. for example, cut a button
(animate) off a shirt. Final: -as.
-p'atovotse vai. smoke gray. -p'atovotse. There is gray smoke (from the fire). -po'ax vti. cut off s.t. -po'xa. He cut it off. See: -po'ex. -po'xov vai. cut off. -po'xva He cut (something) off. -p'ea'e vii. have gray color. -p'ea'e It is of a gray color (texture?). -po'eesn vti. vta. take off nose of s.t./s.o. used of taking the stems (lit. noses) off berries. -po'eesna.
He took its nose off. N-po'eesnantse. I took the 'noses' off them (berries).
-po'eesvo'as vta. cut off nose of s.o. -po'eesvo'sho. He cut off his nose. po'hhnoma
na. horsefly.Literally: gray-bee. mo'hno'hamhse. Pl: p'hhnomaho pl/obv). See: hhnoma;
-po'hev'sn vti. vta. take off tail of s.t./s.o. used of taking the "tail" off gooseberries. -po'hev'sna
He broke (or pulled) off its tail (for example, off a gooseberry). See: -'hev'sn.
po'ho'e
ni. reservation.Literally: set.aside(lopped.off?)-land. Tshsepo'ho'e Cheyenne Reservation. Ooetanepo'ho'e Crow Reservation. Usage: This word is not widely known.. See: Tshstno; ho'e. 2 busted, throw in cards (in a card game). Usage: fig.. 3 fired. Usage: fig.. -p'ho'he. He got fired. vta: -p'ho'h(n); vii: -p'ho't.
-p'ho'he vai. 1 have a blowout (flat tire). N-p'ho'he. I had a blowout (flat tire).
p'ho'h- pv. exploding. p'ho'hmahpe ni. beer.Literally: exploding-water. The word comes from the popping sound of a can
opening. Usage: slang term; probably more commonly used than heesevo'ta-mahpe. See: ve'ho'mahpe; heesevo'ta-mahpe; mahpe; manesttse.
p'ho'h(n) vta. blow up s.o. -p'ho'nho. He blew him up. -p'ho'hov vai. fire (people). ohke-p'ho'hva. He fires (people). -p'ho't vii. explode, pop. -p'h'ta. It exploded. vai: -p'ho'he; Reduplicated: -p'po'ho't. -po'e'st's vta. cut off ear of s.o. N-po'e'st'so I cut off his ear. BodyPartMedial: -'est. -po'e'xan vai. have gray eyes. -po'e'xne He has gray eyes. -po'e'o'ts vti. pull s.t. off; pull s.t. out. for example, pull an electrical cord out of a socket. Nhpo'e''tsstse Pull it out!
-po'e'ov vta. kick loose s.o., rub off s.o., wipe off s.o. -po'e'ovho. He rubbed him loose. Naa ts'the
mstaem'se-po'e'ovhevhe ma'etomono. And he had rubbed off all his paint. [1987:270]
-p'e'tov
vii. spark (of fire). hne ts-p'e'tvse those sparks. menoeho'he. po'na. He picked it off. Thee-po'nhtse! Pull it off!
[1980:66:94]
Final: -'tov. See: -
-po'en vti. pull off, pick off, take off, wipe off s.t./s.o. for example, pick hair off a deer carcass. vta. -po'enho. He took him off. for example, take a button (animate) off a shirt. Reduplicated: po'po'en.
-po'n'e vai. mend, patch. -po'n'e. She is patching. vta: -po'nt; Final: -n'. See: -hahpen'. Po'enmhe na. Lost Leg.Literally: Broken Off Leg. Po'enmhvno Lost Leg area. near Lost Lake between Lame Deer and Birney, on the North. Ch.
Reservation. Usage: It has been said that there is phonetic confusion in Cheyenne speaking of English between Lost Lake and Lost Leg, with this confusion translated to Ch..
-po'nt vta. mend s.o.; patch s.o. -po'noto. She mended him (for example, a shirt or cloth, both
animate). vai: -po'eno'.
-po'eoesta'xe vai. come off quickly, jerk loose. -po'eoesta'xe. He came off quickly. for example, a tire
(animate).
-po'eoestas vai. cut off s.o. quickly. -po'eoestsho hemo'kono. He cut off his finger suddenly. See: po'eosvo'oh(n).
p'eome ni. plain tepee.Literally: gray-lodge. this kind of tepee has no decorations. See: xamaevee'e; p'.Pl: p'eomnstse.
-po'eosvo'oh(n) vta. chop off finger of s.o. -po'eosvo'hnho. He chopped off his finger. See: po'eoestas.
-po'eotse vai. vii. broken off; get loose. -po'eotse. It (or he) is broken off. See: -po'neeotse; -pe'peeotse;
-'eotse; -'xeotse; -eotse.
-po'es vta. slice off of s.o. N-po'so. I sliced off a piece of him. -po'etse hestse'ko. His leg was cut
off. See: -po'as.
-po'stsvo'en vti. vta. pull off head of s.t./s.o. -po'stsavo'na He pulled its head off (for example,
off flower).
-po'ee vai. fall off, slide off. -po'e. It slid off/fell off. -p'eta1 vai. gray. -p'eta. He is gray. Synonym: -p'ahe; vii: -p'. P'eta2 na. Gray. name of a dog. vai: -p'eta1. -po'etovotse vai. get loose. esp. of a horse that gets loose from its rope. -po'etovotse. He got loose.
See: -po'eotse.
p'ev'ho'e na. white Cheyenne. Usage: Used of light-skinned Cheyennes, known in English as "white
Cheyennes"..Literally: gray-whiteman. See: 'xev'ho'e; tshsev'ho'e.
-po'vs vai. 1 horn break off. -po'vse. He has a broken off horn.
2 spouse leave. N-po'vsehe? Did your horn fall off? (fig., for example, Did your husband leave you?). Usage: teasing word.
-po'evvan vta. dehorn s.o. -po'evvanho. He dehorned him. -po'evht vti. break off s.t. by mouth. See: -po'ht. -po'evhta He broke it off with his mouth. -po'evo'as vta. cut off; slice off s.o. -po'evo'sho. He sliced him off. See: -po'as. -po'evo'ax vti. cut off s.t., slice off s.t. -po'evo'xa He cut off a piece of it (for example, cut off hind
quarter of meat or cut liver out of the animal). Heme'ko mhmhe-po'evo'xotshhe. His whole scalp was cut off. (1987:287). [1987:253] vta: -po'evo'as.
-po'evo'e' vti. kick off s.t. He'ntoo'o s-po'evo''a. He kicked in the door. -po'evo'oh(n)
vta. cut out s.o. -po'evo'hnho. He cut him out (with some tool). for example, someone else comes in and takes away a husband or wife from their longtime relationship.
-po'evo'ht vti. take off s.t. by mouth, take a bite off s.t. -po'evo'hta He took a bite off it with his
mouth. Usage: can be used in teasing.
-po'ex vti. cut off s.t. N-po'xa. I cut/lopped it off. -po'enettse hestse'kontse. His feet/legs were
cut off (for example, amputated). Synonym: -po'ax.
P'x'o na. Gray Skunk. p'(k)- i. gray. -p'kahe vai. gray. -p'kahe. He is gray. p'ke- pv. gray ?? p'k-hevxahe. He gave a child in marriage without a feast. -p'khevxahe
vai. give child in marriage without a feast. -p'khevxahe. He gave a child in marriage without a feast. See: -he-vxahe; p'ke-.
-p'kenno'e vii. look worn out, worn out look. -p'kenno'e. It looks worn out. fii: -nno'e. -p'keotse vai. vii. 1 become gray.
2 fig., become tuckered out; tired; played out. -p'keotse. He's tuckered out. M-np'keotse? Are you tuckered out yet? N-p'keotsehe? Are you tuckered out yet? Usage: humorous in idiomatic usage. See: -khaneotse become tired; -p'o be gray.
-p'kevov'hs vai. gray pinto. -p'kevov'hse. He is a gray pinto. ts-p'kevov'hsstse the gray
pinto.
-p'kov vai. be gray furred. -p'kva He is gray hided (or furred). -po' vii. gray. -p'o. It is gray. vai: -po'et1. -po'oh(n) vta. break off s.o. by tool. N-po'hno I broke him off (with some tool). -po'hta vti. break off s.t. by mouth. -po'hta. He broke it off with his mouth. vta: -po'om. See: po'evht.
-p'htheve
vai. vii. be of gray color (or design). -p'htheve He (or it) is gray colored. p'hthvenetotse he'xnstse his eyes are grayish. See: -p'po'onht'ov.
-po'ht'ov vta. spur s.o.Literally: kick him in the belly. Po'ht'oveha! Spur him! BodyPartMedial: -oht. -po''a' vii. vai. blown off. -po'''o. It/He was blown off. -po''a'oo'o. (The shingles; animate)
were blown off (the roof).
-po''an vai. weed, pull weeds. -po''ne. He's pulling weeds. -po''e''ts
vti. tear out of s.t. for example, to tear a page out of a book. -po''e''tse. He tore (something) out of it. ni. moccasins with no See: mo'keha.Literally: gray-moccasions.
p'o'khantse
beads.
associated
with
laziness
or
poverty.
-po'o't vii. space, room. -po''ta. There is room. ma'xe-po''ta There is a lot of room. s'-po''ta
there is still room. naa o'xe hooma 'hke-po''ta and on the opposite side there was an open space (1987:177). sa-po'o'thne there is no room. nhst'e tss-po''ta nhthmstoeotse Farther on where there was room I sat down. vti: -po'anomht. See: -ne'ho't.
-po'om vta. bite off s.o.; break off s.o. by mouth. -po'omho. He broke him off with his mouth. Npo'mo m'xeme. I bit off (a piece of) apple. [1987:259] vti: -po'ht; Final: -om.
-p'ona'e vai. be in mourning. See: -neve; -p'ona'e; -p'keotse. -p'ona'e He is in mourning. -po'nea'ham vta. break s.o. (of a rope-like object). See: -'nea'ham. N-po'nea'hamoo'o hevaho I
broke the rope (grammatically plural). Initial: po'-; Medial: -n.
-po'nea'
vai. break (of a rope-like object). See: -'nea'ham. hevaho -po'nea'oo'o The rope (grammatically plural) broke. tshmhaevvaaese. It broke off where he was swinging (for example, the swing broke when he was on it). Medial: -n. See: -po'neo'e; -po'eotse; -'eotse; -onneotse; -'xeotse.
-po'neeotse vii. vai. break. of string or other rope-like object. -po'neeotse. It broke. -po'neeotsetse
-po'neex vti. break s.t. of string or other rope-like object. -po'nexa. He broke it. -po'neexomovo
hestssta'he. She (midwife) cut his umbilical cord. Medial: -n. See: -po'neo'e; -po'eotse; 'eotse; -onneotse; -'xeotse.
-po'onen'ham vta. pull out tooth of s.o. Nh-po'onen'hamstse! Pull my tooth out! Medial: -onen. po'onen'hasenhe na. dentist.Literally: extract-teeth-one. See: vesheseotsve'ho'e. -po'neo'e vii. be broken (of string or other rope-like object). -po'neo'o ma'kaata. The wire is broken.
Reduplicated: -po'po'neo'e; Medial: -n.
-po'ohev's vta. cut off nails of s.o. N-po'ohev'xestse I cut my nails. BodyPartMedial: -ohev. p'ooma na. blanket.Pl: p'oomaho. Obviative: p'oomaho. See: homa. p'oomhvo'khantse ni. Army blanket moccasins. a kind that were made of Army blanket. -p'oomno'e
vii. grayish weather. -p'oomno'e. It's grayish weather. for example, esp. when it looks like it's snowing, but it's not actually snowing, or when snow is slowly falling or when there are tough weather conditions. This is considered unpleasant weather, reinforced by the negative connotation of Cheyenne "gray". Notes (Phonology) iah See: -p'o.
-po'otan vta. wean s.o. -po'otanho. She weaned him. See: -nstovohe. -p'oton vai. gray face. -p'otone. He has a gray face. Medial: -n. p'otonhe na. gray-faced person.Pl: p'otonheo'o. This was a term, apparently used somewhat in
derision, for a Cheyenne family. There must have been something considered negative about having a gray appearance. BodyPartMedial: -n.
-po'ov vai. shed. for example, of a dog. -po'va. He shed.Literally: off-fur. BodyPartMedial: -ov. -po'ovo'hta vti. bite off s.t. -po'ovo'hta. He bit it off. po'xe'h-ma'kaatanstse ni. tax.Literally: money which is broken off?. -po'poe'hahtxe vai. stomp feet. -po'poe'hahtxe. He's stomping his feet. -p'poe'ov vta. pound on s.o. ?? naa m'hke-p'poo'ovhevovhe nhe (poo'v??) and (the animals)
would hit (the log) with their hooves (1987:247).
-p'ponh(n) vta. slap face of s.o. repeatedly; slap s.o. around on the face. -p'poenehno. He slapped
him around on the face. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -pnh(n).
-p'ponoestoh(n) vta. slap s.o. around on the face. can be a typical threatened form of revenge by
women against women offenders. See: -pnh(n). Nma'xe-p'poneoesthno. I really slapped him around (on the face). Non-reduplicated: -peneostoh(n). Notes (Phonology) redup
-p'poestsa'ov vta. slap head of s.o. repeatedly. Nnephve-p'poestsa'vo. I really slapped him
around ("good"). Notes (Phonology) redup
-po'po'a'ham vta. jerk him off of something. -po'po'a'hamho. He jerked him off (of something).
Notes (Phonology) redup
-p'po'a'xe vai. jerk away. Msta-p'po'a'xhhe. He was jerking away. [JOURNEY.TXT] Final: -a'xe. Notes
(Phonology) redup
-p'po'a'xe vii. be snowy and windy. ho'he-p'po'a'xe. It is heard snowing and windy. p'po'ho'hmhaementse ni. popcorn. -p'po'ho'hv vai. have fireworks. -p'po'ho'hvao'o. They are having fireworks. po'po'ho'hvahttse
ni. firecracker, motorcycle.Literally: popping.noise-thing. Pl: po'po'ho'hvhtottse. Some have used this word for 'motorcycle.'. Oblique: po'po'ho'hvhtva. See: no'ka'es'hesttse. redup Non-reduplicated: -p'ho't.
-p'po'ho't vii. pop. This includes a popping sound. -p'po'h'ta. It's popping. Notes (Phonology) -po'po'en vta. vti. strip s.t./s.o. -po'po'ennvo. They are taking it off (stripping it). Non-reduplicated: po'en.
-p'po'oh vti. pound on s.t. repeatedly. -p'po'hantse. (p'pon??) He pounded (repeatedly) on them
(inan.).
-po'po'neo'e vii. broken (in several places; of a rope-like object). -po'po'neo'e ma'kaata. The wire
is broken in several places. Non-reduplicated: -po'neo'e. Notes (Phonology) redup
-p'po'onht'ov
vta. spur s.o. esp. of spurring a horse. -p'po'onht'ovho. He spurred him. BodyPartMedial: -oht. See: -po'ht'ov.
-p'ponhomev vta. drum for s.o. -p'ponhomevho. He drummed for him. Notes (Phonology) redup -p'ponenen vai. repeatedly clap; pop repeatedly. for example, of repeated thunder claps or shooting
sound. -p'ponenne. He made a repeated clapping sound. Notes (Phonology) redup Nonreduplicated: -pnenen.
-p'ponoh
vti. drum on s.t. repeatedly; pound on s.t. repeatedly. -p'ponha. He pounded (repeatedly) on it. for example, to pound on a drum. reduplicated: -pnhen. See: onhavo'e drum; p'ponhen'e drumstick. Etymology: cf. M
-p'ponhen vai. drum (repeated hits). -p'ponhne. He is drumming. Notes (Phonology) redup Nonpa:hpaka:hkwahekae:w.
p'ponhen'e ni. drumstick.Pl: p'ponhen'stse. Medial: -'(e). -p'ponoh(n)

vta. drum s.o. repeatedly. -p'ponhnho. ?? He drummed him repeatedly. Nonreduplicated: -pnh(n).
-p'poo'ematsne vai. blink repeatedly. -p'poo'ematsne. ?? He's repeatedly blinking (overly

so). Notes (Phonology) redup
-p'poo'em vta. bounce s.o. repeatedly. -p'poo'emho hhtsemono. He's bouncing a ball. Notes
(Phonology) redup
-p'poo'ee
vai. bounce in the saddle.Literally: bounce-butt. -p'poo'e. He's bouncing in the saddle. Notes (Phonology) -assim. BodyPartMedial: -es.
-p'poo'pa'onh(n) vta. pat s.o. on the back. for example, patting a baby on the back so it will burp
after nursing. -p'poo'pa'onahno. He is patting him on the back. BodyPartMedial: 'pa'on.
p(n)- i. hit, slap, pop. See: p'-; kn-. Reduplicated: p'po(n)-. Pnaeheve (man's name). -pnaeheve vai. carry a big bunch of papers pretending to be important. humorous word built on name
of man, Pnaeheve, who always had a bunch of papers, pretending he had important papers; he was tvahe. N-pnaeheve I'm carrying a big briefcase, pretending to be important.
-pna' vii. dried up. -pn'o. It's dried up. See: -pn'. -pnsh(n) vta. slap; punch s.o. in the belly. N-pnshno. I punched him in the stomach/belly. pnshestseo'o. They slap their bellies (this is what Crows do at handgames). BodyPartMedial: as2.
-pns'v
vta. punch s.o. in the stomach. -pns'ovho. He kicked him in the stomach. BodyPartMedial: -as. BodyPartMedial: -as; fta: -mas.
-pnsmas vta. shoot s.o. in the belly. Ms-pnsmxhhe. He was shot in the belly. [Head Chief text] -pnenen vai. be a clap of thunder, shoot with a gunshot noise. -pnenne. He made a loud popping
sound (for example, by shooting a gun). ma'xe-pnenne nonma'e. The lightning made a loud cracking sound. Tsa'e nhso mstanema'xetnhe'ame-pnenenhhe. He just shot in any direction up in the air. [1987:277] Reduplicated: -p'ponenen. See: -pnevone.
-pnenomt vta. scare s.o. with a gunshot. -pnenomoto. He scared him off with a gun shot. Mspnenomthtshevhe. They had shot into the air to scare one another. ?? [1987:28]
-pnevone vii. loud pop, shooting noise, discharge. for example, a gun shot. -pnevone. It is a loud
popping noise (as of a rifle). fii: -vone; vai: -pnenen. See: -peva'h.
Pnevonstse na. Bang. vii: -pnevone. -pn' vii. dry up. of a river or well. -pn'o. It dried up. See: -pna' dried up; -am' float. -pnemee vai. slap water making a big sound. ma'xs'-pnme. He fell into the water making a
big splashing sound.
-pnoen vti. dry up s.t., sop up s.t., drain s.t. -pnna. He dried/sopped it up/drained it. See: -noonen.
-pnoeohtse
vii. dry up (environment). ts'va-pnoeohtse mahpe when the water dried up (in the Cheyenne Flood Story). [1987:1]
Pnoeo'h'e ni. Dry Creek. known as Sand Creek, this is a tributary of the Arkansas River. It is near
Fort Lyon, Colorado. On this creek Chivington and his troops massacred many Cheyenne men, women, and children even though their camp flew a white flag indicating that they wanted peace. See: Hesov'eo'h'ke.
-pnoeotse vii. vai. dry up. -pnoeotse. It's dried up. -pnoetanh' vai. dry up at the breasts, breasts dry up. -pnoetanh'o. Her breasts have dried up.
BodyPartMedial: -tanah; Antonym: -hetanhhts; Synonym: -'etanhohts.
-pnoh vti. slap s.t. N-pnha I slapped it. [Croft] vta: -pnoh(n). Pnhne na. Drummer. -pnhen vai. drum. hit drum surface once; reduplicated form is for hitting a surface repeatedly. as in
the traditional way of divorcing a wife with one hit on a drum. Notes (Phonology) sounds like pnhn which it might be, instead ?? -pnhne. He drummed (hit drum surface once). Reduplicated: -p'ponhen. See: onhv'e. Etymology: cf. M pa:kahekae:w.
-pnhen'tov vta. drum s.o. esp. to drum s.o. away as when a man would drum his wife away in the
old Indian fashion by hitting once on a drum. N-pnhen'tova. He drummed me away. ho'pnhennoto hestse'emo. He drummed his wife away. vai: -pnhen.
-pnoh(n)
vta. drum s.o. by tool. esp. using a drumstick. -pnhnho. He drummed him. ho'pnhnho hestse'emo. He drummed away his wife. vti: -pnoh; Reduplicated: -p'ponoh(n). Etymology: cf. M pa:kahaew.
pnhta1 p. for nothing, empty, with nothing. Pnhta nvho'ehtse. I came back with nothing (for
example, there were no berries on the bushes). Antonym: nhhpo. See: otaxa; htse-; hov'he; hove-; -astomeohts.
-pnoht2
vai. have an empty stomach. -pnhta. He 'has an empty stomach'/he is hungry. pnhtao'o. They have nothing in their stomachs. Medial: -oht. See: -phonoht; -hean. -pnhta. It's frigid. vai: -pnose. See: -koemenoo'e. Etymology: cf. M pa:kataen it froze to
-pnoht vii. be frigid; be popping cold. refers to the popping sound made when things are frozen solid.
hardness.
-pnoht vai. uselessly do. Nxae-pnhto. I did it for nothing. that is, it was wasted effort. pno'e p. downriver; downstream; downstream towns of Rosebud, Montana, or El Reno, Okla.; Jim
Town. Jim Town is a tavern on Rosebud Creek north of, and downstream from, Lame Deer. naa nhhe nhhe pno'e hmanehe mxe'stnemh'o there was a school built below there (1987:181). See: Ma'xepno'e.
pnoma'- i. uncovered. -pnoma'exoo'e

vai. ride bareback. -pnoma'exoo'e. He rode bareback. ts-pnoma'exoo'stse bareback rider. See: -pnoma'oo'e.
-pnoma'hasen vai. dry up. -pnoma'hasne. He's drying up (something). Pnoma'hasenee'he na. Drying up Moon, March. Pnoma'hasenhe na. Drying up One; March (or April). possible alternative month name. -pnoma'emas vta. shoot at s.o. but the bullet hits the ground. -pnoma'emsho. He shot at him but
the bullet hit the ground. fta: -emas; Antonym: -hehph'emas.
-pnoma'emxest vti. shoot at s.t. but the bullet hits the ground. -pnoma'emxsta. He shot at it
but the bullet hit the ground.
-pnoma'en vti. blot s.t. -pnoma'na. He blotted it. that is, dry s.t. up by blotting. -pnoma'ee vai. lie on bare ground, bare ground lie. -pnoma'e. He lay down on bare ground (or
floor). Nhhe pnoma'stse! Just lie down here on the bare floor (for example, I ran out of beds)! See: -neeme'tva'ee; -pnoma'exoo'e; -pnoma'oo'e; -pnomee.
-pnoma'ethoo'e
vai. ride bareback. -pnoma'ethoo'e. He rode bareback. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -pnoma'oo'e; -thoo'e.
-pnoma'oo'e vai. ride bareback, sit on bare ground. -pnoma'oo'e. He's riding bareback (or, he is
sitting on bare ground). See: -oo'e; -pnoma'ethoo'e; -pnoma'ee; -pnoma'exoo'e. Notes
(Phonology) vs
-pnomee vai. left with nothing.Literally: nothing-lie. esp. to have no food left. -pnome. He's has
nothing left. See: -pnoht.
-pnomhahts vti. throw s.t. in water so there is a splash. -pnoomhhtse He splashed it in the
water (for example, threw a shoe so hard into water that it splashed).Literally: popping.noisewater-throw-inan.. Medial: -om; Final: -ehahts.
-pnoomeotse vii. dry up (of rivers, lakes, etc.). -pnoomeotse. It's dried up. See: -'eotse. -pnoomee vai. splash in water with loud noise. -pnoome. He belly-flopped. ma'xs'-pnme.
He made a big splash into the water. Mstama'xe-pnoomenhhe. He made a big splashing sound in the water.
-pnoomoh vti. splash s.t. (with water) ?? -pnoomha He splashed it (water). -pnoon vti. drain s.t. -pnna. He drained it. -pnose vai. be frozen down. esp. of being frozen to the ground. -pnose. He is frozen down. Final: ose; vii: -pnoht. See: -n'tose; -homhtose. Etymology: cf. M pa:kacew he freezes to hardness.
-poesh(n) vta. punch s.o. in the nose, hit s.o. in the nose. See: p-. N-poeshno. I hit him in the nose.
-poesehno. He punched him in the nose. Nvhe ts-poesheta'e? Who hit you on the nose? BodyPartMedial: -es.
-poese -poee
vai. bump nose, nose bump. -peese. He bumped his nose/he fell on his nose. Assimilated: -peee. vai. bump nose, nose bump. -peee. He bumped his nose/he fell on his nose. Nonassimilated: -peese. vai. p'poomatsne.
-poo'ematsne
blink.
-poo'ematsne.
He's
blinking
(normally).
Reduplicated: -
-poo'enstane vai. genuflect. -poo'enstane. He genuflected. This is bending the knee in worship
as Catholics do.
-po'sh(n) vta. hit butt of s.o. N-po'shno. I hit him on the butt (with my hand). Nvhe tspo'sheta'e? Who hit you on the butt?
-po'sth(n) vta. punch s.o. in the ear(s), hit ear of s.o. -po'stahno. He punched him in the ear(s). -po'stxen vai. bump ear. -po'stxe He fell on his ear/bumped his ear. -poo'ee vai. fall to the ground, drop (dead or exhausted), bounce. -poo'e. He dropped exhausted / he
(for example, a ball) bounced. See: -pne.
-poo'em vta. bounce s.o. -poo'emho. He bounced/dribbled him (the ball, animate). -poo'etsestse vai. clap. -poo'etsestse. He clapped. -poo'esstseo'o. They clapped. -po'xanh(n) vta. hit s.o. in the eye. N-po'xanhno. I hit him in the eyes. BodyPartMedial: -'exan. Po'heeno na. (man's name). -poo'hen vai. stomp; clap. See: -pe''hahtxen. -poo'hne He stomped his hoofs (for example,
when drinking at a creek; makes a popping noise in the water). naa htseotsvosstse m'hketeno'ma'xe-poo'henhevhe hom'e And when beavers dive they make a tremendous clap. (1987:277).
povnv'stse ni. alfalfa. Usage: od. Holliman Spelling: bo vo ni vo ss zi. See: ot'tav'stse. -pophn' vai. have ears back. esp. when a dog is scolded. -pophn'o. His ears are back. See: anoo'stotse.
-pophnohts vai. slink off. taase-pophnhtse He (for example, a dog) slinked off.
-popkhoee vai. muscles stick out. said of someone who is muscular. -popkhoe. His muscles
stick out. See: -kok'oo'e; -ov'oo'e.
-pop'ahe vai. slow; deliberate. like movements of an old person or person who doesn't hurry. redup of
-pa' 'bump'? -pop'ahe. He is slow/he is deliberate. See: -momxomahe; -nonohtahe.
-pop'em vta. expect s.o. to be waited on. -pop'emahtse. He expects to be waited on. See: -pop'etan. -pop'stsests vti. respect s.t. ?? sa-pop'stssthnvo. They have no respect, they come in and
mess up. ?? Notes (Phonology) redup See: -po'anomev.
-pop'etan vai. act helpless. -pop'etno. He is just acting helpless, wanting to be served by others.
See: -pop'em.
-pop'etanotse vai. act helpless. ne-pop'etanotse You are just acting helpless, wanting to be served
by others.
pop'ke- pv. lump, bump, knob, hump. Npop'k-h'taha. He beat me unexpectedly. (an idiom esp.
used when a younger person beats an older one who expects to win). Npop'ken'so'enhooha'oo'e. I got filled up with just one sandwich. (humorous expression). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: pa'(k)e-.
-pop'ketanh'e
vai. breasts bud. tsmne-pop'ketanh'stse (a girl) whose breasts are budding. (lit. someone-recently-REDUP-bump-breast-stand-3P.CJT; chiefs looked for this kind of girl, just entering puberty, as a wife for their sons or for themselves). Notes (Phonology) redup; vs Final: -; Medial: -tanah. See: -totketanh'e.
-pophvahe vai. good. not used with sg. subjects ?? -pophvheo'o They (an.) are good (redup.
stem) (refers to them collectively or distributively ?). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: phvahe; vai: -pophva'e.
-pophva'e vii. be good. not used with sg. subjects. -pophva'nstse They (inan.) are good (redup.
stem) (refers to them collectively or distributively ?). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: phva'e; vai: -pophvahe.
-pophve'han
vai. eat well. mxamae-pophve'hanhhe He must have really been eating well (humorous response by someone who has sneezed, said to someone who has said to him, nev'esstse tsnhetta'e 'Someone is talking about you'). Notes (Phonology) redup vai. talk good to s.o. stxae-pophvemhoono She talked real good to her (surp.) (1987:268). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -phvem.
-pophvem
-pophvene'ho't vii. laid out nicely (of a room). -pophvene'h'ta. The room is laid out nicely. -pophvee vai. lie comfortably. -pophve. He's lying comfortably. Non-reduplicated: -phve. -pophvoo'e vai. sit comfortably. -pophvoo'e. He's sitting comfortably. Notes (Phonology) redup; vs
Non-reduplicated: -phvoo'e.
pop'- i. rough. -pope'a'e vii. have a rough texture; for example, of some kinds of paper. -pope'a'e. (-pop' ??) It has
a rough texture.
-pop'ese vai. have a pimply nose. -pop'ese. He has a pimply nose. BodyPartMedial: -es. -pop'n vai. pimply face. -pop'ne. He has a pimply face. -pop'ehta vai. have a lumpy leg. -pop'ehta his leg is bumpy/has lumps. pop'eonha'e na. horned toad.Literally: bumpy-frog. the literal meaning refers to the bumpy surface
of the skin.Pl: pop'eoonh'e. Obviative: pop'eoonh'e. See: onha'e.
-pop'on
vai. have arthritis, rheumatism. arthritis/rheumatism.Literally: bumpy-joints.
-pop'na.
He
has
-pop'onohts vai. have arthritis. -pop'onhtse He has arthritis (lit. bumps on the joints). -pop' vii. be bumpy; knobby; rough surfaced. for example, a road. See: -pe'peeotse. -pop'o. It's
bumpy.Variant: -pop'k.
-pop'oma'o'e
vii. rough ground, bumpy ground. for example, a bumpy road. -pop'oma'o'e. It's bumpy ground.
-pophematsn vai. have puffy eyes. -pophematsne He has puffy eyes. -pophekhta vai. have swollen legs. -pophekhta his legs are swollen. pophpovsmo'he na. moose.Literally: flathorned-elk. for some speakers this form is sg., pl. &
obv.; for others pophpovsm'e is the singular. Variant: mhpmo'he.
-pophponeehe vai. flat ropelike. -pophponeehe. It (ropelike) is flat. Medial: -n(e).
S-s
-s mode. attributive suffix for II verbs. hoo'khn-se. They say it's raining. s- tns. past tense. allomorph of /h/ 'past tense' before /s/. s-sa'ahtomnhe. He didn't listen. See: hpast tense.
sa- pv. not. requires suffix -hane for II (intransitive verbs with inanimate subjects) and -h for all
others. N-samanhe. I did not drink. sa-hne'enhnvo. They do not know it. sathpe'hane. It's not big. Nt-sanemshhema! Let's not just eat! (for example, let's just leave now and eat when we get there). sa- with preverb tne- gives meaning of 'cannot': Nsatnenhe'htshe. I can't go. (for example, I am unable to go). sa- with tne- and htsegives forceful positive meaning of 'absolutely can': sa-tnhtsevo'stanvstmanhe. (God) can absolutely save. (1987:117). sa- with preverb the'e- gives meaning of 'never', often with the idea of 'not for a very long time': N-sathe'evomatshe. I have never seen you. (can be said when the person hasn't been seen for what seems like a long time). sa- can be part of negative questions: N-sa'emshehe? Didn't you eat yet? -sanmenhevohe? Didn't they sing? Negative inferentials require the preverb ho'n- (with proclitic m= for many speakers) and the conjunct order: M-ho'nnmnstse. He must not have sung. See: me'h- absolutely would not; htse- cannot; -h negative suffix; -hane negative suffix for II verbs.
-sahetanethe vai. fidgety; restless. -sahetanethe. He can't sit still / can't calm down. See: hetanet; -evo't'kahe fidgety.
-sa-hetsev'an
vai. fearless to say something. ohk-sa-hetsev'anhe. He's not afraid to say anything. Mho'n-hetsev'nstse. He must not be afraid to say anything. This means that someone is not afraid to speak about something or anything, and has a different meaning from nhshma nexhevoo'o 'he says anything'. fai: -'an.
-sahetsev'anh
vai. fearless to say something. requires a negative preverb (??). ohksahetsev'anhe. He's not afraid to say anything. Mho'n-hestsev'nstse. He must not be afraid to say anything. This means that someone is not afraid to speak about something or anything, and has a different meaning from nhshma nexhevoo'o 'he says anything'. fai: -'an.
Shea'eo'o na. Chippewas. shkovee'e na. little dog; doggie.Variant: sovee'e. Diminutive: shkovee'kso.Pl: shkovee'eo'o ??. s'- pfx. now (imperative prefix). S'-nheeha! Say it now! Ns-s'-metsstse! Give it now to me! S'mht'htse! Dance now! S'-nmnstse! Sing now! S'-nmne! Sing now! (said to more than one person). See: ven-; nen-.
sanpevoma na. sarape, serape. See: homa. Usage: sound translation from the Spanish word sarape. -san1 fai. abstract AI final. -v-sne. He sees (cf. vomho 'he sees him'). mh-sne He loves (cf.
nmhota 'he loves me'). p-sne He hates (cf. npota 'he hates me'). m-sne He's fighting people (cf. moto 'he fought him'). See: -n; -man; -an; -en; -san; -ov; h agentivizer.
-san2 fai. dress. e's-sne. He is dressing. n's-sne. He is undressing. mhe-sne. He is wearing a

suit (lit. all-dressed). phv-sne. He is nicely dressed. ma'-sne. He is dressed in red. ohkemhae'ev'nenhe-saneo'o Comanches. Comanches used to just dress like that. See: voest2 wear a dress; -hone' wear s.t.; he-3 have ; wear.
sskvta
na. watersnake.Variant: sshkvta. Obviative: sshkvtne. na. watersnake.Variant: sskvta. Obviative: sshkvtne.
Non-diminutive: ssvta.Pl: sshkvtne. Non-diminutive: ssvta.Pl: sshkvtne.
sshkvta
Sshkovetaneo'h'e ?? ni. Snake Creek. in Nebraska 25 miles south of the Niobrara River. Ss'hn'e na. (woman's name). See: ssvta. ssvta
na. watersnake, Diminutive: sshkvta.
striped
watersnake.Pl: ssvtne.
Obviative: ssvtne;
skvta na. watersnake.Variant: sshkvta; ssvta. Savana na. Shawnee. Usage: probably a kind of sound translation.Pl: Savanaho. Savanao'h'e ?? n. Shawnee River. upper part of the Republican River. -se pro. conjunct ending for 2nd person subject acting on 3rd person object. See: -ose; -aese; -vose.
tshvom-se when you saw him.
-s pro. second person plural conjunct suffix. tshnaots-se when you (plural) were sleeping. tshmanse when you (pl) drank. Tstshsth-se you (pl) who are Cheyennes. tshvohtom-se when you (pl) saw it/them (inan.).Variant: At least for the TA conjunct suffix for second person plural subjects there is variation for example; many speakers say tshvomse 'when you (pl) saw him/them'; while others say tshvomso..
-se pro. third person plural and obviative AI conjunct participle suffix. tsnmene-se the singers/those
who sing (cf. tshnmenvse 'when they sang'). Tstshsthe-se Cheyennes. tssa'enhtve'hanse those who did not yet know how to eat (1980:3:52). tsmhoto-se he/they who he loves.Variant: -so.
-se pro. third person conjunct suffix, second person relational conjunct suffix. tshnaots-se when he
was sleeping. tshman-se when he drank. tshvm-se when he saw him. ts'onm-se when he called him. tshvoneotsev-se when you were lost. See: -se; -stse; -htse; -ose; -aese; -vose.
sne
ni. Happy Hunting Grounds, place of the dead. Variant: sno. See: seo'tse; he'amo'om'e. Etymology: PA *ciipe:na:nki 'in the land of the dead' Go2000:91.
Sanemeo'o ni. Milky Way?; Road to Heaven ?? See: ameo'o ??. Perhaps this is the road that the
deceased travel to get to Seano.
sno ni. Happy Hunting Grounds, place of the dead. Happy Hunting Grounds is an English term
popularized in literature for the place of the afterlife, according to the cosmology of a number of Native American tribes, including Cheyennes.Variant: sne. See: seo'tse; he'amo'om'e. Etymology: PA *ciipe:na:nki in the land of the dead (Go2000:91).
Sano'ehe na. Happy Hunting Grounds. savneke

na. woodchuck.Literally: into-disappearing?. Obviative: savonkeho. Notes (Phonology) iahPl: savonkeho.
-seh vii. spread out, stretched out. See: -soh. -sha. It is spread out (for example, a mudpuddle).
-sha mahpe. There is a mudpuddle/water is lying there. Ms-sehhanhe ne'hane. A lake was spread out (there). (1987:252). vai: -soxen.
-se'enestse vai. speak the same language. -se'enestse He speaks the same language. -se'enstseo'o
Hevhetaneo'o naa Notameohmshetaneo'o Southern Cheyennes and Northern Cheyennes
speak the same language.
seen'the'eneo'o ni ??. splinter; thorn (in the hand). -seen'the'onxe vai. have a splinter in the hand. N-seen'the'onxe. I have a splinter in my hand.
BodyPartMedial: -he'on. See: -he'khe'onxe; -thpeose.
-sesan vai. dress the same. -sesne. He wore the same clothes (e.g. for several days). -sesaneo'o.
They are dressed the same. [PD30]
sese- pv. same. -sesenhenove It means the same/there is the same meaning. -sesenestse vai. talk the same in language. See: -set'an. mhe-sesenstsnovehe Does everyone
speak the language the same (for example, about a certain word)? Final: -nestse.
-ses vii. same; identical. See: -n'ha'e. -sso. It is the same. -sesnstse. They (inan.) are the same.
vai: -sestahe.
-sest vai. be the same. -ssta. He is the same. -sestao'o. They (for example, twins) are the same.
See: -ne'hahe.
-sesthan vti. equally divide s.t. N-sesthanantse. (then??) I divided them equally. sesthanome
Divide them into equal parts/portions (said to more than one person)!
-sesta'' vai. face the same way. mhe-sesta'oeo'o. They are all facing the same way. Notes
(Phonology) vs for instance, livestock all facing out of the wind.
-sesta'tov vta. be the same; similar as s.o. -sesta'tovho He is the same as him/he is similar to him. -sest'st'ohe vai. same height (of a tree-like object). Hohtseto -sest'st'heo'o. The trees are of
the same height.
see- pv. same; similar. -seenhesthnstse They (for example, two phrases or words) mean the
same. Notes (Phonology) /s/ to || assimilation affects these formsVariant: ee-.
-seeh vii. Final: -h.have the same tune. See: -theeh; -nheeh; -h. -seha He (it?) has the
same tune. -sehnstse They (for example, Arapaho and Cheyenne songs) have the same tunes.
-seenohe set- i. same.
vai. look the same; similar; resemble. -seenoheo'o They have similar appearance.
[PD909]
-settamno'e vii. be the same environment. for example, as some other place. -settamno'e It has
the same kind of environment. Final: -tamno'e. Notes (Phonology) iah
-seththeve vii. vai. be of the same color (or design). -seththeve It is of the same color. [PD30] -set'an
vai. pronounce the same. -set'ne. He pronounced the same (or similarly). to'sto'set'anstove. There is such close pronunciation (for example, of two words). [1987:232] fai: 'an. See: -sesenestse.
-seto'ev vai. be of the same skin. -seto'va He is of the same skin. [PD30] -set'hahe vai. be the same age. -set'haheo'o They are the same age. Synonym: -v'hahe. set'e'e
p. at the same time. See: vtsno; nhe'e; tshe'e; he'e-. Naa nhe'e nhhe ohkhsetoo'etovo set'e'e ohkemmhevnvo. And then there they tie (the tepee) also, they
tie it all together at the same time. (1987:222).
set'e'e- pv. at the same time. N-set'e'ho'hnema we (incl.) arrived at the same time. -set'stnehe vai. same length (of rope-like object). -seto'stneehe. He (for example, thread) is
of the same length. [PD30]
set'stva obl. in the same way; of the same amount ?? See: set'e'e. -set'stov vai. fair; treat people the same. -set'stva. He's fair. -set'stovan vti. make s.t./s.o. the same length. -set'stovna. He made it the same length.
vta. -set'stovanho. He made him the same length. See: -taevn.
-set'stovan vai. treat the same; treat evenly; be fair. -set'stovne He's fair/treats people the
same.
set'stove- pv. same. Nmhe-set'stovemhotatsme I love all of you the same. -set'stv-hexovvetovt vii. be a square. -set'stvhexovvetovto It is square-shaped
(lit. same length sided figure). Usage: neologism.
-setnot vii. be of the same thickness. -setnto. It is of the same thickness. [PD30] -settaata vai. same size. -settaatao'o. They are the same size. See: -hahpeta. -setotaeta vai. be of the same size. -setotaeta He is of the same size. [PD30] -setotao' vii. be of the same size. -setota'o It is of the same size. [PD30] -setov vai. be of the same fur.
s(hp)- i. stretch. Etymology: *iipi. -shphahtaa'e vai. sit with legs stretched out. -shphahtaa'e. He's sitting with his legs stretched out. -shphn vai. eyes stay open, can't go to sleep. -shphne. He can't go to sleep / his eyes just
stay open. ?? [pd907: cannot restrain the tears ??] See: -ta'phn.
-shpheneotse vai. eyes stay open, can't go to sleep. -shpheneotse. He can't go to sleep / his eyes
just stay open. See: -ta'phen.
-shpa'hahts vti. spread out s.t.; unfold s.t.; throw open s.t. for example, to throw open a tent door. shpa'hhtse. He threw it open quickly.
-shpa'ham vta. spread out s.o. -shpa'hamho. He shook him out straight. -shpa' vai. stretch. -shp'o. He stretched. To grow tall a child reaches high like this at the first
thunder of the spring. fai: -a'.
-shpan vti. stretch; spread out; unfold s.t./s.o. (by hand). Antonym: -tovan. -shpna. He stretched it
out. Shpnhtse! Stretch it out! vta. Nv-shpno homa. I unfolded (lit. stretched back out) the blanket. Shpaneha! Stretch him out! See: -shpem.
-shpat'oh vti. stretch out s.t. by tool. -shpat'ha He stretched it by tool. Ns-shpat'htse Put
the sticks on the dry meat! [1987:224]
shpat'h'o
ni. tepee pin; safety pin; clothes pin, dry meat stretching stick. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: shpat'heontse.
-shpax vti. stretch cut s.t. -shpxa. He stretch-cut it. -shphaht' vai. stretch out feet. -shphaht'o. He stretched out his feet. e'onsshphaht'htse!
Try to stretch your feet! (humorous thing said to a child who is sleeping in too late).
-shphahts
vti. spread out s.t. ohk-shphahtsnvo vee'e They spread out the tepee (1987:222).Literally: cause s.t. to lie spread out. -shphe'on'o He stretched out his hand/fist.
-shphe'on' vai. BodyPartMedial: -he'on.stretch out hand; unclench fist. Antonym: -hahphe'on'. -shphe'on'ov vta. stretch; open; unclench hand to s.o. N-shphe'on'vo I opened up my hand to
him.
-shpe'hahtaa'e vai. sit with leg(s) stretched out. Nhe'e st-shpe'hahtehoo'o hoeseon'va. Then
she stretched her legs out on the bed. (1980:65:60). Notes (Phonology) vs
-shpe'haht'o vai. Medial: -haht.stretch the foot. -shpe'haht'o He stretched his feet. -shpema'en vti. unfold s.t. (paper), unroll s.t. (paper). -shpema'na. He unfolded it (paper). -shpehta' vai. stretch legs. -shpeht'o. He stretched his (own) leg(s) out. -shpee vai. lie stretched out. -shpe. He's lying stretched out. -shpem vta. stretch out s.o. for example, to stretch out a rug. -shpemho. He stretched him out.
Shpemeha! Stretch him out!
-shpoh
vti. stretch open s.t. by tool. tsohkev'-shpohe vee'e what is used to open the tepee (1987:223).
-shponean vta. stretch out s.o. (of rope-like object). for example, to stretch out a piece of sinew or a
rope. Medial: -n. See: -shponean; -stnean. N-shpnno ho'tano. I'm stretching out the sinew. Shponeaneha! Tear him (for example, cloth) into strings!
-shpneee vai. lie stretched out ropelike. -shpne. (The snake) is lying stretched out. -shpovse
vai. Medial: -ovs.have hair.Literally: stretched.out-hair.
straight
hair.
-shpovse
He
has
straight
-shpovsn vta. comb tangles out of hair of s.o. -shpovseno. She combed the tangles out of her hair. s'- i. into; toward the center; at water; toward a river. typically refers to going toward town, toward the
center of population (esp. the reservation agency, for example Lame Deer), or to acting with
reference to a river or creek (that is, going into/toward the water). t-s'hne He went down into. nst-s'a'hamone ho'stva Let's throw him into the fire! Preverb: s'(e)-. See: s-; st-; se-.
-s'ho'he vai. drive to town. -s'ho'he. He drove to town. -s'a'en vti. lead in s.t. -s'a'na. He led it in. See: -s''en. -s'a'no'ham vai. drive to town. -s'a'no'hme. He drove to town.Literally: into-drive.horses. -s'a'hahts vti. throw s.t. into. -s'a'hhtse He threw it into (for example, into a fire or water). -s'a'ham vta. throw s.o. into. esp. refers to throwing toward the center of something or throwing into
water, but it can be into other material, also. Antonym: -o'ham. -s'a'hamho. He threw him in(to). Nst-s'a'hamone ho'stva! Let's throw him into the fire!
-s'a'haso'he vai. ride horse to town. -s'a'haso'he He rode into town on a horse. Final: -a'haso'he. -s'a' vai. jump into (water), dive into. -s''o. He jumped into the water. ne'v-s''o. He dove
back in. Final: -a'.
-s'a'ov
vta. drive s.o. to water; drive s.o. to town. -s'a'ovho. He drove him to water. See: s'a'ovo'ham; -s'ha'ov.
-s'a'ovo'ham vai. drive livestock to water. -s'a'ovo'hme He drove livestock to water/he watered
horses.
-s'a'xe vai. jump in; plunge in. -s'a'xe He jumped in/he ran to the center/he fell in ?? s'(e)- pv. down into (water); toward the center. esp. refers to motion into water, but can be of other
'into' motion, such as travel toward a center, such as the main town on a reservation. s'eamehtse He walked down into. -s'eanh'hhtse He threw it (for example, fishing line) in. Nt-s'ma'ste'e I was on my belly drinking from a creek. mss'e-va'hhe (the tree) had fallen into the creek (1987:281). Initial: s'-. Notes (Phonology) pv-final /e/ is used before a
following vowel
s'ea'e
p. right away, immediately, quickly. See: hotma'e; h'tva; taeh''tva; s'hove-; s'hove-; ms-; -oest; mhtoto.
-s'eehe vai. move into town. ho'-s'eehe. He arrived moving into town. fai: -eehe. -s'hne vai. walk to the center; go into the water. -s'hne He went into the center/walked toward the
center/went into the water. [1987:70, 281]
-s'hohts vai. Final: -hohts.tracks go into; toward the center; toward the water. hovhne tsohks'hohtsvse hovtse tshestase hovhne There's tracks of all kinds of animals leading to the
water. [JOURNEY.TXT]
-s'e'h vai. fly to the center. -s''ha. He flew to the center. -s'e'hoohe vai. fly to center. -s'e'hoohe. He flew to the center. -s'eneenh(n) vta. send s.o. to the center. -s'eneenahno. He sent him to the center. S'enee'he na. Facing Into Moon; October. possible alternative month name. See: Hee'kvenstse;
Se'm'omevee'he ??.
S'nhe na. Facing Into=(Moon); October. refers to when thin ice begins to form on ponds and rivers.
Usage: probably was used more than S'enee'he.
-s'eohe vai. go into (esp. into a river). nhe'e h'tva mhne'eas-s'eohehehhe n=x'o Then that
skunk started into the river toward (the man). (1987:282).
s'eoh'tov vta. take s.o. to town. Ns-s'eoh'tovstse! Take me to town! -s'eohts vai. go to town, go to the center. -s'ehtse. He went to town. Nt-s'eohtsema! Let's go to
town! See: -mhove'ho'eohts.
-s'e'e vai. stand in water, lead into water. -s'e'e. He's standing in the water. -s'spotseehe
vai. gnaw meat off (the bone) with teeth. eating meat with fingers not with eating utensils. -s'spotseehe. He jerked off meat with his teeth. See: -s'snsan; -o'omeehe; s'senhtaxe.
-s'ee vai. lie toward the water, lie toward the center. The /s/ can assimilate to //: -s'e. He's lying
toward the center. ts-'enatsse nhe hohtseto where that tree went out into the river.
s'eto in town; downtown; in the creek. -s'evo'eh

vii. fall into, fall into a creek. -s'evo'ha. It fell into water. naa mato staohks'evo'htseneho and also (the plow) went in out of control (surp.) (1987:70) ??
s'h- i. awake; rouse. See: s'h-. s'hahtohesttse ni. burglar alarm; security alarm; alarm. Usage: neologism. -s'ha''h vta. awaken s.o. suddenly; wake up s.o. suddenly; rouse s.o. suddenly. -s'ha'o'ho. He
awakened him on a moment's notice. See: -s'ha'ov; -'ee.
-s'ha'ov
vta. awaken s.o., wake up s.o., rouse s.o. N-s'ha'vo. I awakened him. Etymology: *neiihkekawa:wa. See: -s'han.
-s'ha'xan vai. awaken crying. N-s'ha'xne. I woke up crying. -s'han vta. awaken s.o., wake up s.o. N-s'hno. I woke him up. N-s'hanaa'e. It woke me up. (e.g.
the urge to urinate in the middle of the night). [1987:265, 297] See: -s'ha'ov.
-s'hasen vai. sop. esp. sop up gravy or soup with bread. -s'hasne He sopped. -s'htamao' vai. awaken laughing. -s'hatama'o. He woke up laughing. fai: -tamao'. -s'henoenohe -s'henhkahe
vai. scrutinize; nosy. -s'henoenohe. ?? He observes everything/he is 'nosy'/he scrutinizes (generally not a favorable trait). sometimes said of white people ?? vai. be a person who scrutinizes ?? -s'henhkahe. He looks at everything and
everybody.
S'henhkevesta'e na. Eyes Darting Around White Buffalo Calf Woman. a nickname given to one
of several ladies who had the name of Vesta'e; she must have been a person who seemed to look around and scrutinize everything.
-s'henhkostomo'he
changeable.
vai. be fickle; changeable. -s'henhkestomo'he He is fickle/he is
-s'hoh vti. stake down s.t. -s'hha He staked it (for example, tent) down. -s'hha ho'eve He's
stretching the hide (inan.; for some speakers s'hohnho ho'evo 'he's stretching the hide--an.'; the idea of stretching here must come from staking the hide down to hold it stretched out??). vta: -s'hoh(n).
-s'hohen vai. stake down. -s'hohne. He's staking down (for example, his tepee). See: -s'hohen. -s'hoh(n) vta. stake down s.o. -s'hohnho. He staked him down. M'osan-s'hohehevhe. They
were staked down. [1987:258] vti: -s'hoh.
-s'hohon vai. stake down. -s'hohne. He's staking down (for example, his tepee). See: -s'hohen. s'ho'- i. stake down; stake in. -s'ho'en vti. vta. stake down s.t./s.o., embedded s.t./s.o. See: -s'ho'oh; -s'o'en. -s'ho'na He staked
it down/he fixed it firm by hand. -s'ho'enho He staked him down. [1987:246,266]
-s'ho'enhotse vai. wake up from eating. N-s'ho'enhotse. I have awakened from eating. -s'ho'vaeho't vii. taked down hot; be very hot. -s'ho'vaeh'ta It is really/it is so hot it 'pegs you
down' (you don't feel like moving).
-s'hoveh vta. startle s.o., surprise s.o., catch s.o. by surprise. -s'hovehho. He caught him by
surprise. See: -heh.
-s'hovehe vai. startle. for example, of a horse that jumps to the side when it is startled by something.
-s'hovehe. He was startled. vta: -s'hoveh.
s'hove-
pv. suddenly. See: s'ea'e. s-s'hovema'xp'ponevoneotsnse suddenly there was gunfire (1987:22). Usage: seems to be preferred dialectal variant over s'hove-.Variant: s'hove-. na. Starting to Freeze Moon, October. possible alternative month name. See: Hee'kvenstse; Se'enee'he.
Se'ma'omevee'he
-s'oe'o'h vta. put s.o. in water, nominate s.o., tell people s.o. can do something well. N-s'oe'o'ha. He
told people I can do something well. See: -m'nh.
-s'oe'h vta. set adrift s.o., put s.o. on the spot. Mnstsxae-s'oe''xehe? Are you going to set me
adrift? (typically said by a nominee to the person who nominated them, reflecting the idea that that person might not support the nominee as well as one would like). Usage: idiom.
-s'oe'e vai. stand looking toward the center (or toward the river or creek). -s'oe'e He's standing
looking toward the creek/the center. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -.
-s'otse vai. vii. float to the center; float midstream. (Amke) staohkevahs-s'oeotsnse. (the fat)
would float back midstream (Croft 1988:18).
-s'hne vai. sign river. -s'hne. He signed for someone to go into the river. fai: -ohon. -s'hoo'e vai. swim (of fish, ducks, beavers, snakes, et al); wade (of people). -s'hoo'e He waded
into the water. Notes (Phonology) vs Final: -ohoo'e.
S'hthonoo'o na. Roasted In. See: honoo'o. -s'o'hotse vai. run into the water, drive to town, run to the store. -s'o'hotse. He ran into the
water.
-s''a'h vii. blown into water, blown into the river. -s'''ha. It was blown into the creek. fii: 'a'h.
-s'o'as vii. fire go to river; fire burn toward town. -s'o'se. It's burning toward town/river. -s''hne vai. go to town by wagon, go to the center by wagon, go to the water by wagon. -s''hne.
He went to town by wagon.
-s''en vti. roll s.t./s.o. to town, roll s.t./s.o. to the center, roll s.t./s.o. to the water. -s'o'na. He rolled
it in. vta. roll s.o. to town, drive s.o. to town. -s'o'enho. He drove them to town. See: -sto'en; s'ho'en.
-s'o'eohe vai. go by wagon to town, go by wagon to the water. -s'o'eohe. He went by wagon to town. -s'o'h vta. bet on s.o. for example, to bet on a horse. -s'o'hho. He bet on him. See: -novet. -s'o'san vai. bet, stake down. refers to staking down something; comes from staking down to the
ground in a bet; esp. done with food. -s'o'sne. He bet. See: -nove'; -novet.Variant: s'o'sen.
-s'o't vii. be in the center. -s''ta. It's in the center. for example, sitting in the center of camp. -s'onea'hasen
vai. Medial: -n.throw fishing line into river. mstaosan-s'onea'hasenhhe He threw his fishing line out into the river.
-s'neee vai. lie ropelike toward the center. -s'ne. (The snake) is lying toward the center. -s'onoo'e vai. sit looking down into, look down into sitting. -s'onoo'e. He's sitting looking down into
(for example, into a creek from its banks). [1987:282] Notes (Phonology) vs
s'oo- pv. into water. Ms-s'oomanhehevhe. They went for water. (1980:57:43). -s'oomanohe vai. go for water. -s'oomanohe. He went for water. See: -manohe. -s'oon vta. put s.o. in water. N-s'oona. He put me in water. -s'ooneano'ham vai. water horses. N-s'ooneano'hme. I watered horses. -s'sean vti. scrape s.t. by hand (or fingers). -s'sena. He scraped it with his fingers.
vta. scrape s.o. by hand (or fingers). -s'seanho. He scraped him with his fingers.
-s'seax vti. scrape s.t. by cuting. for example, scrape with the blade of a knife. -s'sexa. He scraped
it with a cutting edge.
-s'seestsn vta. scratch head of s.o. -s'seestsnho. He scratched (the dog) (behind its ears). s'se(n)- i. scrape. s'senh'o ni. hide scraper. See: mnhtsstse; 'xonh'o.
-s'senoh(n) vta. scrape s.o. by tool. -s'senhnho. He scraped him (for example, took bark off tree).
See: -one'xonoh(n).
-s'senht vti. scrape s.t. by mouth. can refer to a dog chewing on a bone. -s'senhta. He scraped it
with his teeth. N-s'senhtantse h'pstse. I am scraping off ribs (meat) with my teeth.
-s'senhtaxe vai. shaved bald. This is to have a haircut right down to the scalp, as happens in military
bootcamp. -s'senhtaxe. He was shaved bald. See: -s'spotseehe.
-s'senom vta. gnaw on s.o. -s'senomho. He's gnawing on him. -s'snsan vai. gnaw on bones. -s'snsne. He is gnawing on bones. See: -s'spotseehe. -s'sevanen vai. make a scratching noise. -s'sevanne. ?? He's making a scratching noise. -se'e fai. drink.Variant: -as'e. n't-e'e. He's full from drinking. -s'eanaxe vai. wake up hungry. N-s'eanxe. I woke up hungry. -s'ee vai. lie awake. -s'e. He is lying awake.Variant: -'e. See: -s'han. -s'tov vii. smoke. -s'tva. it's smoking. See: -atov. -s'tov'e'e vii. smoke arise. -s'tov'e'e. Smoke is rising. See: -s'tov'e. Notes (Phonology) vs -s'tovn vti. smoke s.t./s.o. -s'tovna. He made it smokey. See: -vhpoma'htsvn.
vta. ts-s'tovnstse kseeshotame smoked pork.
-s'tovnahn
vai. make a smoky fire. esp. with cedar to repel mosquitoes. -s'tovnhne He's making a smudgy/smoky fire.
-s'tov'e vii. smoke issue, smoke ascend, steam issue. Notes (Phonology) vs -s'tov'e. There is
smoke (or steam) ascending.Variant: -s'tov'e. Usage: This seems to be the more commonly used pronunciation.. See: -s'tov'e'e; -m'a'tov; -vno't.
S'tov'stse na. Rising Smoke. S'tovotse na. Smoke Appears, Smokey, Smoke Rising. -semhe na. younger sibling. irreg. stem. semhe your (sg) younger sibling. semheo'o your (sg)
younger siblings. nsemhe my younger sibling. See: -vseme.
-sema'hhe na. friend (male to male). See: -vsene; -vse'; hovehe. N-sema'hhe my friend. smo ni. boat; canoe. Notes (Phonology) apoc: Apocope is a phonological process which deletes word-final
Cheyenne consonants. The nasals /m/ and /n/ (including those which occur as a consonant cluster with a preceding /h/) and the fricative (glide?) /h/ undergo apocope. Some other examples of apocope are: mo'hno'ha /mo'hno'ham/ 'horse'; mee'e /men/ 'feather'; ma'no /ma'enn/ 'turtle'; pso /pesn/ 'cat'; ka'kne /ka'ehkneh/ 'child'; htseke /htehkeh/ 'ant'; hhnoma /hhnomah/ 'bee'; hva /hovhn/ 'animal; e''ta /e'e'thne/ 'blue thrush'. The obstruents /s/, //, and /t/ and consonant clusters which do not have a word-final nasal do not undergo apocope: so'tse /sot/ 'corpse', eesttse /ehtot/ 'bed'; ma'tke /ma'tehk/ 'bow'; hoo'khtse /ho'koht/ (oko?) 'raw corn' ??; hoohtsstse /hohtet/ 'tree'; ve'se /ves/ 'tooth'; hsee'se /hsees/ 'earring'; h'e /h/ 'far'; nv'e /nve/ 'for four days'.Pl: smontse. Oblique: smnva. See: xamaesmo; amehestsesttse. Etymology: *ciima:ni
canoe.
-snahe vai. totally friendly, gregarious. a highly valued cultural trait; a person who is like this will talk
to anybody, be friendly to anybody, no matter whom. Antonym: -hometahe.Variant: -snohe; snohe. -snahe. He is friendly to anyone. [1987:226] See: -hoto'ahe; -msetsstahe.
Snka na. (man's name). Sena'kane na. Cherokee.Pl: Sena'kaneo'o. -snostomo'he vai. kind. -snostomo'he. He has a kind personality. See: -snohe. -snoh vti. vta. holster s.t. mhnhn'ta'o'tshhe heka'o'e ms-snhehhe He drew his pistol; he was
wearing it on a pistol belt. (Stamper 1991:10). (??).
-snha vti. conceal s.t. -snha. He concealed it. See: -n'oests. -snohe vai. kind; totally friendly, gregarious. a highly valued cultural trait; a person who is like this
will talk to anybody, be friendly to anybody, no matter whom. Antonym: -hometahe.Variant: -
snohe. -snohe. He is friendly to anyone. msetsstahe.
[1987:226]
See: -snostomo'he; -hoto'ahe; -
sno'- i. into brush. N-sno'hne ma't'e. I went into the forest. -sno'a' vai. jump into bushes. -sno''o. He jumped into the bushes. fai: -a'. -sno'ees hairy nose ?? -sno'ese. He has a hairy nose. ?? sno'haseo'o ni. pin; broach; barrette.Pl: sno'haseontse. -sno'e'o'h vta. string s.o. naa mhno'hnhhe khmxe nhhe mstaohk-sno'e'o'hohevhe He had
a stick where he would string the fish he caught. (1987:282).
-sno'n vti. pin s.t., thread s.t. -sn'na. He pinned it. -sno'nen vai. thread. -sno'nne. He's threading. for example, putting in the pins to hold together
the flaps of a tepee.
-sno'eohts
vai. walk into the bushes. -sno'eohtseo'o. They went into the bushes.Variant: sno''eohts.
-sno'em vta. pin s.o. ?? tseene'heono -sno'emho She had combs (in her hair). -sno'oh vti. pin s.t. (??). -sno'ha He pinned it. [Croft] -sno''a'ham vta. throw s.o. into bushes. -sno''a'hamho. He threw him into the bushes. -sno''a'haso'he
vai. ride horse into the brush. -sno''a'haso'he. He rode his horse into the
bushes/brush.
-sno'''o vai. blown into bushes.

vii. -sno'''o. It was blown into the bushes.
sno''e-
pv. bushes; brush. sno''ma in the bushes. -sno''emohe. He's trying to get into the bushes.
sno''ma p. in the brush; in the bushes. sfx: -m. See: ansma; ma'ta'e. -sno''emohe vai. thrust into bushes, run into bushes. -sno''emohe. He's trying to get into the
bushes.
-sno''eohts
vai. 1 go into the bushes. See: -sno'eohts. Medial: -'(e).Variant: -sno'eohts. sno''ehtse. He went into the bushes. 2 fig., make out. mnst-sno''eohtsmne Shall we go into the bushes? (idiomatic: Shall we
go "make out"?).
-sno''e'e vai. stand in bushes. -sno''e'e. He's standing in the bushes. -sno''ee vai. lie in the bushes, lie in the weeds. -sno''e. He's lying in the weeds. -sno'o'haso'he vai. go into brush on horse. -sno'o'haso'he. He went into the brush on his horse. -sno''o'xe vai. carry load into the brush. -sno''o'xe. He carried his load into the brush. fai: -o'xe. -sno'oo'e vai. sit in bushes. -sno'oo'e. He's sitting in the bushes. -snomahe vai. be slow ?? -snomahe. He is slow/he is always behind. See: -momxomahe ??. -senvahe vai. ugly. -senvahe. He is ugly. hansenvahe ugly person/extremely bad person. hohe
senvheo'o. They are really ugly. See: -hvsvahe; -snohe.
-senva'e vii. very bad. -senva'e. It's very bad. See: -hvsva'e. -senove vai. quick-tempered. osee-senove. He's quick-tempered. -senveo'o. They are quick-tempered.
See: -osenove; -nhesth.
-senve'hna vai. eat badly. -senve'hna. He ate badly. -senvem vta. speak badly about s.o. -senvemho. He spoke badly about him. han-senvemho.
He said something very bad about him. Noseema'xe-hansenovema. He said something really bad to you. [FAMILY.TXT] See: -senvahe.
-sohasen vai. spread out (something). especially of spreading out a blanket. -sohasne. He spread
out the blanket.
sohas'o na. carpet, rug, linoleum.Pl: sohaseono. Obviative: sohaseono. sokaevestse'he na. fancy shirt; dress shirt. This first part of the pv. sok- is a sound borrowing from
English 'silk'. na-sokevestse'he my fancy shirt.
sokaev'hno na. silk. See: 'hno cloth; sokaevestse'he fancy shirt. -sokevoest
vai. wear a silk dress. -sokevosta She has on a silk dress. Synonym: hohthtahvoest.
sokevoesttse na. fancy dress; silk dress; satin dress. See: hoesttse. Usage: partial sound transl. from
English "silk".
sokevxeono na. silk stockings. so'tse na. spirit of a dead person. This is the spirit which leaves the body of a dead person. It is not
used for the corpse of a dead person lying in a casket; instead, one would simply refer to that corpse by the name that person had while alive. Before a person dies, its immaterial part is called mhta'soma. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: soto. Obviative: soto. he-sotamo his departed spirit. Etymology: *ciipayaki. See: mstaa'e; mhta'soma; voxtse.
-son mbp. joint(s). -pop'sonhtse He has arthritis (lit. bumps on the joints). See: -hoton'eon. Sonhtse na. Wandering Around. Sonhts'e na. Wandering Around Woman. Sot'e na. Ghost Woman. -sotame
na. departed spirit (poss.). spirit of the deceased. he-sotamo his departed spirit. IndepNoun: seo'tse. ni vossi. See: Phvoma'enenstva; Tshphevoma'enenstove; Phvoma'enenee.
Soto tshphvoma'envse vai. Memorial Day. Usage: od. Holliman Spelling: si yo do / zi pi vo mi i sots- pv. spirit. sotsamho'hesttse ni. hearse.Literally: spirit-car. Variant: sotsameohesttse. sotsameohesttse ni. hearse.Variant: sotsamho'hesttse. sotsmh'o ni. funeral parlor, mortuary. Usage: neologism.Literally: corpse-house. sotsmh'o na. wild melon.Literally: ghost-melon. sots-mhtsehtse ni. deceased's belongings. these are traditionally burned. See: -htsehtse. sots-m'o ni. the road of the dead; Milky Way ??Literally: corpse-road. the road which dead people
travel to sno? possibly refers to the Milky Way as the road of the dead. See: sno.
sotsmeta'eko
na. skull (of dead person). for example, a skull See: mta'eko.Literally: departed spirit-skull. Pl: sotsmeta'kontse.
lying in a field.
-sotseve vai. be a spirit of a dead person. -sotseve. He is a spirit of the deceased. sa'-sotsvhe.
He is not yet a spirit of the deceased.
-sotsvetan vai. want to be a spirit in the afterlife. Some people are like this: they want to die. sotsvtno. He wants to (die and) be a spirit.
-sotsvhomo'he vai. do the Ghost Dance. hnhhe ts'hkh-seotsvhom'hvse that's where

they would have the Ghost Dance (1987:28).
Sotsvhom'hesttse ni. Ghost Dance. no longer extant. -sotsvhta'han

[GHOST.TXT]
vai. tell a ghost story. Nto's-sotsvhta'hne. I'm gonna tell a ghost story. See: -hhta'han.
-sxe vai. be spread out. -sxe. He (for example, a rug, animate) is spread out. txemshstva
tsohketx-sxstse tablecloth (lit. that which is spread out upon the table).Literally: lie-stretch. vii: -seh.
-soxem vta. stretch; spread out s.o. See: -soh. -soxemho He spread him (for example, a cloth) out.
tx-soxemeha Spread him (for example, tablecloth) out (for example, upon the table)!
-sest
mode. attributive mode suffix for verbs involving animate third persons. The attributive mode
indicates information which has come to the speaker by hearsay. This mode can also be called the reportative mode. Attributive suffixes which do not involve animate third persons include ns (< /-n -s/), -mse, etc. -hvomsesto. He is said to have seen him. tshsents-sesto. It is said they talk Cheyenne. If word-internal question verb roots are used, the meaning changes to wondering, instead of hearsay. tnv-sesto? What could they be doing? / I wonder what they are doing. tnve-sstse. I wonder what he's doing. Tne'e ho'eohtse-sstse? I wonder when he came. See: -ho PRET; -on PRET.
-sstse ni. anus; arse; rump; buttocks. ma-sstse an anus; rump. ne-sstse your rump (some people enjoy
making a play on words between this and the English word 'nests', which is, essentially, identical in pronunciation).Pl: ma-ssttse ?? (Croft). Oblique: m-sstse. nham'ta nasstse 'my anus hurts' (but nham'ta nsstse is ungrammatical indicating that nsstse, msstse, etc. are probably obliques (locatives). Medial: -'es. See: heeo'o; -hteko. Etymology: cf. *-iti rump (G).
s- i. remain. See: st. Notes (Phonology) typically assimilates to sepv. stay on, remain. See: ne-. mnsts-sevo'stanheve (tsen??) Will you stay on here to
live? (1987:36). 'hk-eno'keesstse He would remain (home) by himself. (1987:306). Notes
(Phonology) assimilates to e-
-sksts'e vai. have thin; sparse hair. -sksts'e his hair is thin (sparse). -skost
vii. hang free; loose. -skosta. It hangs free. Etymology: cf. M sae:skakotae:w. See: eotse.
-sk'ohe vai. be thin; sparse (of trees or tubers). not used with sg. subjects. -sko'heo'o They (an.;
for example, trees or turnips) are thin (not many in number).
-skovse vai. have thin; sparse hair. -skovse He has thin (sparse) hair. st- i. remain. See: se-. -stoe'e vai. remain behind standing. -stoe'e. He remained behind standing. See: -stoo'e remain
behind sitting.
stotan want to stay. sthke ni. thong (esp. of rawhide), string. Such strings typically hold the rawhide skin to a drum; this
is inan. while sthkeho 'rawhide rope' is an. and pl. because it would refer to the many strands of material, just as hevaho is generally pl., as are many terms for cloth. Etymology: *e:ya:pya (Go88); cf. Ar snook 'rope' (an.).Pl: sthkeho. Oblique: sthkhva. obl. Variant may be sthkva ?? rawhide strings are used in the Sun Dance lodge. See: -n; hevaho.
-sthkhame na. rope (poss.). he-sthkhamo his rope. IndepNoun: sthke, sthkeho. sthkhva obl. rope; string. Sthkhva n'hkeno'too'stvnne hestsev'xva ma'xhev'xevetoo'o.
We would tie a big frying pan to her tail with a rope. [BOBTAIL.TXT]
sthkeho na. rope (esp. one of rawhide). commonly used for roping; see discussion of animacy and
number under sthke. Singular: stohke; Oblique: sthkhva. used in Sun Dance lodge. See: hevaho; -n.
sthtaa'va obl. at midnight, in the middle of the night. See: taa'va. -sthtaa'eve vii. be midnight. -sthtaa'eve. It's midnight. -sto't vii. remain. -st'ta. It is remaining there. -sto'ts vai. Final: -o'ts.remain camping. nhhe ms-sto'tshevhe hesto many of them stayed there
(1987:17).
-stonoo'e vai. stay sitting, remain sitting, sit behind. -stonoo'e. He stayed behind sitting. -stoo'e vai. remain; stay on; stay home. -stoo'e. He remained. Naa hevsemevho 'hk-stoesesto.
And their youngest sibling would stay home. [1987:306] Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -oe.
stoo''e p. ni. in the middle of the top of the head. n-stoo''e (ea'e?) right on the top of my head. stov- i. middle. -stovosta it's noon (lit. it's hanging in the middle).
stve p. middle, center. For example, in the middle of a tepee. The stve 'center' is where the tally
sticks are kept for handgame. Stve n-hetaa'o'ennstse. They (inan.) are half filled. See: o'xe.
stve tsnhe'hahese the middleaged ones. Stoveanee'he Middle of Winter Moon, December. one of the names suggested for December.
See: Ma'xhe'konenee'he?.
Stoveanva obl. Christmas, middle of the winter. See: Hosanesttse?. -stoveevenome vai. sleep until noon. -stoveevenome. He slept until noon. Stovemanee'he na. Middle of Summer Moon, July. one of the names suggested for July. Stovemanva obl. Fourth of July, middle of summer.Literally: middle=of=summer. stove-mo'ko
ni. middle finger. Petter.Variant: stovese. Usage: may
be
neologism or
loan translation
from
stovemo'ko na. middle finger. Usage: may be neologism or loan translation from Petter. Stovena'han'e na. Center Kills Woman. stovese
middle finger. Usage: may be neologism or loan translation from Petter.Literally: centerfinger.
-stovosen vai. hang in the middle. -stovose He (for example, sun) is hanging in the middle (that
is, at noon). to's-stovose e'he it's almost noon.
-stovost
vii. noon.Literally: (the sun) hang in the middle. -stovosta. It's noon. (hehp)stovosta. It is afternoon. Nohkemshmne stovostaa'stse. We eat lunch at noon.
-stovostanen vai. have noontime; eat lunch. -stovostnne. He ate lunch (had noon meal); it's his
noontime. See: -ho'ostanen; -mshvost.
stovoeva at noon. See: stovostaa'e. stovo'ho'e

p. middle of the camp. See: ho'e. h'the honvhko naa h'the vetke nhhe tanhe'otsstsstse stovo'-ho'e This drymeat and this fat, take it there to the middle of the camp!
(1987:262).
stvma p. middle of the water. for example, in the middle of a river. Nooo, hp'e tae-stvma
hne'hseamet'honoohesstse vtsno mstaho'xet'honhhe. My, (the man) was
swimming right in the middle of the river by the time she got across (swimming). (1987:292). sfx: -m.
-sev mbp. calf (of leg). See: -sevo. -nevhtse He has pain in the calf. -hessevotse He has
cramps in his calves. -mommsva He has big calves. -ov'ksva He has round calves. IndepNoun: hsevo; Possessive: -htssevo.
-svahe vai. worn out; sapped; limp; weak. -svahe. He's a worn out person. Reduplicated: -ssvahe.
See: -mtahe; -khaneotse.
-svhtsenaa'e vai. sit with slack mouth. for example, of a drunk person. -svhtsenaa'e. He's sitting
with a slack mouth. BodyPartMedial: -ahtsen.
-sva' vai. be unbraided; hair hang down without being fixed. said of a person who would sometimes
wear braids. See: -a'. -sv'e She is unbraided.
-sva'n vta. unbraid hair of s.o. -sva'eno. He unbraided his/her hair. stano'-sva'nhtshoo'o. She
also let down (unbraided) her (own) hair (in mourning). (1987:266). Antonym: -hesto'tonoh(n).
-sva'n vta. unbraid hair of s.o. especially of someone in mourning. -sva'eno. He unbraided her hair. -svan vai. slide. primarily refers to the sliding motion, which can apply to sliding, skiing, or skating.
He skated. am-svno He's skiing along. Nth-sevanmne Let's go skating/skiing! svanovo'khantse ski shoes ?? ts'hkeanhe-svanoohstove slide. Etymology: cf. M so:watow/so:wae:w.
-svno
svanohttse ni. skate, sled. See: anhesvanohttse.Pl: svanhtottse. -sv'ee'e vai. sit limp from drinking. -sv'ee'e. He's sitting limp from drinking.
-svne vai. drooping face, face drooping, face with no emotions. -svne. His face is drooping. The
face can droop due to sickness.
-svenohe vai. look limp. -svenohe. He looks limp. -svenot vta. beat up s.o. N-svento I beat him up. [Croft] Reduplicated: -ssvenot. -so
sfx. AI conjunct suffix for third person plural participles. tsmane-so those who drink. Usage: probably not used by as many speakers as -se.Variant: -se.
-s f. diminutive; little. Nhkh-so little bear. v'ho'kso little white boy. hhkxeso hatchet. -s sfx-cj. conjunct suffix for second person plural forms. Nphvetanotse tssto'sevsthm'hm-so
nansoneho. I'm happy because you're going to dance with my children. (1987:396). Variant: -s.
-s m. urinate. See: -xaa'e; -s'; -x'. nhp-s'e He's in the way (standing) urinating. he'v-soo'e
She's urinating as a woman. Ho'no-sesohthtse Wolf Going Though the Crowd (can refer to urinating). Nm'shtse. I finished urinating.
sepv. through. Notes (Phonology) compressed form of shpe- Reduplicated: sse-. Sena'han'e na. Kills Through the Enemy Woman.Literally: Kills Through Woman (the meaning of
'enemy' is implied).
-seohts vai. charge into the enemy, plunge into the enemy. This was a very brave thing for a warrior
to do. -sehtse. He plunged into the enemy.
shkom- i. slender. -shkomahe vai. be slim; be long and slender; tall and skinny. -shkomahe. He is tall and skinny.
See: -thkona'he; -sshkahe; -khkon.
shkome-
pv. slender. shkomev'ho'ksenesttse candle (lit. slender-light). Mxxaev'netshkomema'xevshhanhe. A big long pit was just dug. [1987:43] N-shkomh'htse. I went straight home. See: xanove-.
-shkomees vai. have a narrow nose. -shkomese He has a narrow nose. -shkomeesoxa'ohe vai. Medial: -es.have a long simple row of beads on the nose (of a moccasin). shkomeesoxa'hnstse They have a long simple row (on the "nose").
-shkomhahtxen vai. lie with long slender legs. -shkomhahtxe He's lying with long skinny
legs.
-shkomn
vai. have a slender face. -shkomne He has a long skinny face. Medial: -n. Usage: typically has a humorous connotation. See: -thkonavn.
shkomev'ho'ksnhnesttse ni. candle.Literally: slender-light. shkomev'ho'ksenesttse ni. candle. -shkom vii. be slender; slim. -shkmo It is slender. shkomosen hang skinny. -shkomneee vai. lie slender ropelike. -shkomne. (The snake) is lying there slender. shp- i. through. Etymology: *a:pw-. -shpho'he vai. drive through. -shpho'he. He drove through. -shpa'hahts vti. throw s.t. through. -shpa'hhtse He threw it through. -shpa'ham vta. throw s.o. through. -shpa'hamho. He threw him through (something). -shpa'haso'he vai. ride horse through. -shpa'haso'he. He rode horse through. for example, to ride a
horse through a crowd or through a forest.
-shpa' vai. dash through, rush through. -shp'o. He rushed through. Mo''ha m've-shpa'hhe.
The magpie came in first. [1987:246]
-shpa'ov vta. chase s.o. through. -shpa'ovho. He chased him through (something, such as a fence
or bushes).
-shpa'xe
vai. run away, take off. refers to a rather rapid action. See: -shposen; -hmest ??; amxest ??; -asta'xe. -shpa'xe He took off. tssto'sh-shpa'xvse as they were coming to the finish line (1987:246). Notes (Phonology) compressed form: -sa'xe ?? Final: -a'xe.
-shpan vti. vta. put s.t./s.o. through. -shpanho. He put him through. -shpe'e vai. come through drunk. -shpe'e. He came through drunk. shpe- pv. i. through. N-shpevmo. I saw him through something (for example, through the curtains).
-shpeamehtse He walked through. N-shpeotshaene He brought us through. shpeotaa'sta He has pierced ears. Etymology: *a:pwi (Go88). Notes (Phonology) compressed form: se-
-shpeehe vai. move through. -shpeehe. He moved through. fai: -eehe. -shphne vai. 1 go through; walk through. -shphne He walked through. vti: -shphn't. See: shpeohts. 2 fig., pass (for example, a grade in school).
-shphn'ta
vti. go through s.t.; pass through s.t. (esp. a school grade). -shphn'ta. He went through it. (can refer to going through something difficult). tssa-shphn'these tsna'nhthatse those who did not pass from 8th grade. ts-shphn'tose tsnaeshthatse those who passed from 6th grade.
-shp'ha vai. fly through. -shp'ha. He flew through the clouds. -shpe'hoohe vai. fly through. -shpe'hoohe. He flew through. -shpemohe vai. run through. -shpensts'ta -shpenome
vti. talk through s.t. -shpensts'ta. He talked through it. Usage: probably a neologism, likely based on English. fai: -nestse. vai. sleep through. -shpenome. He slept through. for example, he slept through something that went on. fai: -nome.
-shpehtse vai. go through. -shpehtse. He went through. See: -shpehn. -shpeohtsh vta. take s.o. through. N-shpeohtsho. I took him through. See: -shpeotseh. -shpe'e vai. go through. -shpe'e. He went through (something). fai: -. See: -shpoo'e.
vii. stick through. for example, of a nail.
-shpeotaa'est vai. Medial: -'est.have pierced ears. -shpeotaa'sta He has pierced ears. -shpeotseh vta. take s.o. through. -shpeotshho. He took him through. See: -shpeohtsh. -shpee
vai. go through, work one's way through, work through a crowd. Includes idea of encountering things along the way that make movement more difficult, for example, a person might be working their way through a crowd or through weeds or some bushes. -shpe. He worked his way through. See: -shpehn; -shpeohts. Reduplicated: -sshpee.
shpeto p. through. -shpevonehn vai. climb under, climb through. -shpevonhne. He climbed under (for example, a
fence).
-shpe' vai. vii. float through. -shp'o. He/It is floating through. -shpose vai. zoom through. Usage: fig.. N-shpose. I zoomed through. for example, without even
stopping. See: -shpa'xe.
-shpost vii. float through. -shposta. It (for example, a cloud) floated through. -shpo'hotse vai. run through. See: -so'hotse. -shpo'hotse. He ran through. [Head Chief text] -shpo'etahe vai. go through a ceremony, go through something. -shpo'etahe. He went through
(the ceremony). When someone makes a vow, this word refers to his carrying through with the vow. There is, apparently, no lexical form referring to "breaking" of a vow; instead, the negative of this entry can be used. See: -vstomo'han. sa-shpo'ethhe. He broke (his vow); he didn't go through with the ceremony.
-shpo'en vta. push s.o. through. -shpo'enho. He pushed him through.
vti. push s.t. through. -shpo'na. He pushed it through.
-shp'eohts vai. roll through. -shpo'ehtse. He rolled through. [1987:256] Medial: -'(e). -shponean vta. put through s.o. ropelike. -shponeanho. He put him (of a ropelike shape) through.
(for example, putting a rope or a snake through). Shponeaneha! Put him (for example, thread) through (esp. the eye of a needle)! See: -shponean. Medial: -n.
-shpneee vai. lie through ropelike. -shpne. He is lying there through (something). Medial: -n. -shponeonan
vai. thread needle, build fence through someone's land. -shponeonne. She's threading a needle.
-shpnov vai. talk through some experience. -shpnva. He talked through (some experience). -shpoo'e vai. sit through, go through something while sitting. -shpoo'e. He went through something
while sitting.
-shpo' vai. look through. -shp'o He sees through (for example, window). Notes (Phonology) not
vs Final: -o'.
-shpoom
vta. see through s.o. -shpoomho. He saw through him. Final: -om2. Etymology: *a:pwa:pame:wa.
-shpoovotse vii. water through. -shpoovotse. The water ran through. Final: -ov. -shpotse'ohe vai. work through. -shpotse'ohe. He worked until retirement / worked until he was
done.
s'- pv. still, yet. See: s'(e)-; e-; he'-. -s'v'ho'ksnhne He still has his lights on. -s'tonome.
He is still being waited for. -s'msheo'o They are still eating. -s'eametanne He is still living. -s'he'xove. there's still lots of time. -s'ta'ta''ta hohtvamh'o. The store is still open. N-s'he'konoo'e I'm still sitting firm. -s'ho'h'ta it's still raw/it's not cooked. Notes
(Phonology) takes morpheme-final /e/ preceding a vowel
S'aahev'e -s'
na. Clean Hair Woman. translation uncertain; meaning is unknown to most speakers
today.
mbp. crotch. See: -s'tse; -x'; -s; -'kesta; -nhps'e. vhp-s'e. He is without pants.Literally: empty-crotch. especially refers to not having any clothing covering the private parts. Usage: term is socially crude, but enjoyed in humor. ta'ta'-s'ee'e. His/her crotch is exposed/open. nhp-s'hesttse breechcloth (lit. cover-crotch-thing). He'amxheso'stse
Highwaters.
s'hove-
pv. suddenly. N-s'hovhne'na I suddenly knew it/it suddenly 'came to me'. sts'hoveasemhosesto nhhe It developed into a town there (1987:19). -s'hovem'a'xe. He suddenly appeared.Variant: s'hove-. ni. crotch (poss.). See: -nshkonahe. m-s'tse ?? a crotch (locative?) (tse ?/tse ?/otse ?). m-s'tse crotch (from Smith). he-s'tse in his crotch area. tsstaetev'hmse hes'otse mstaev'hoomhevhe While looking her over, he must have looked at her crotch. (Croft 1988:30:16). Etymology: cf. *ta:kay-. Medial: -s'; Locative: -s'otse ??.Pl: m-s'stse (PD).
-s'tse
s'ove- pv. ? (maybe -me's'ove-). Nme'-s'ovhne'na tsto'shehovneehto I wish I knew when

I'm going to die.
-s'soests'e
vai. get a crushed head. -s'soests'e his head was crushed (for example, in a car
accident).
-s'son vii. be crushed. -s'sno it's crushed/stoved in. S'taa'e

na. Sutai person. person of this band related to Cheyennes; also a proper name. Notes (Sociolinguistics) Sutai or Suhtai 'Sutai person'; Sutaio or Suhtaio 'Sutai persons'. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: S'taeo'o. This band or tribe spoke an Algonquian tongue similar to Cheyenne. Before
written records existed they joined the Cheyennes after meeting at a famous battle. They were assimilated into Cheyenne life and undoubtedly left their mark upon the way of life created by their union. Some families today trace their ancestry to S'taeo'o origins. It is very likely impossible today to determine any part of the Cheyenne language which uniquely came from the S'taeo'o people.
S'taa'hhe na. Sutai Woman.
S'taka'kne na. Sutai child. you were never supposed to holler at a Sutai child. -s'taenestse vai. speak the Sutai dialect; language.Variant: -s'tavenestse. fai: -nestse. S'tatane na. Sutai man.Pl: S'tataneo'o. -s'tavenestse
vai. speak the Sutai dialect; language. -s'tavenestse. He talks the Sutai dialect/language.Variant: -s'tanestse.
S'taevenstsesttse ni. Sutai dialect (of Cheyenne). it is strongly debated as to whether anyone still
knows any distinctive words of this dialect.Variant: S'taenstsesttse.
-s'tov'e vii. smoke issue, smoke ascend, steam issue. Notes (Phonology) vs -s'tov'e. There is
smoke (or steam) ascending.Variant: -s'tov'e. See: -m'a'tov; -vno't.
sn- i. through. /-sn/

sfx. diminutive noun suffix. /-hk/ also gives diminutive meaning, for example, mh'o 'melon' vs. mhhko 'little melon'; sometimes both /-s/ and /-hk/ appear in a form, for example, 'e 'duck' vs. 'kso /'ehkesn/ 'duckling'; also there is diminutive /-'k/ for non-diminutive /-'/. phkso (cf. nondiminutive pso 'cat' and pl. phksono) kitty. ho'toohso lizard (lit. little fast runner). hhkeehso (cf. hhkeehe 'mouse') little mouse. 'ometaso (cf. 'omet'e 'Missouri River')
Little Missouri River.
-sne' vii. vai. float on top (??). -sn'o. It's floating on top. See: -tho'kove' float on top; ame' float along.
-snohe vai. totally friendly, gregarious. a highly valued cultural trait; a person who is like this will talk
to anybody, be friendly to anybody, no matter whom. Usage: less commonly used than -snohe. Antonym: -hometahe.Variant: -snohe. -snohe. He is friendly to anyone. See: -hoto'ahe; msetsstahe.
-snoom vta. x-ray s.o.Literally: see through s.o.. N-snoomne. I was x-rayed. -snoome. He had an xray. See: -shpoom; -snxe'eotse.
-snov vai. vii. soaked through. -snva. He/it is soaked through. -snxe'eotse vii. vai. get x-ray.Literally: pictured through. N-snxe'eotse. I was x-rayed. See: -snoom. sohto p. nine of. sohto smontse nine boats. sohto hetaneo'o nine men. See: sohtoha. Etymology: cf.
*a:nka:tah0wi.
sohtoha p. nine times. See: sohto. -sohtoh vii. be nine in number. -sohthnstse ?[ They (inan.) are nine in number. -sohthnstse vii. be 9 of them (inanimate). -sohthnstse. sohthe- pv. nine. -sohtheaneve He is 9 years old. -sohtheanam vai. be nine years old. -sohtheanma He is nine years old. sohth'e p. for nine days. -sohthnoeme vai. vii. cost nine dollars. -sohthnoeme it/he costs 9. sohthn'e p. ninety. sohthnve nine groups of. -sohthnxe'ohe vii. nine o'clock. -sohthnxe'ohe it's 9 o'clock. -sohtxe vai. be nine in number (an.). not used with sg. subject. -sohtxeo'o there are nine (an.). -sohtoxe vai. be nine in number. not used with sg. subjects. -sohtxeo'o They (an.) are 9 in number. -sohts fai. urinate. See: -s. Nm's-shtse. I finished urinating. -so'hotse
vai. run through. stae-so'hotsesstse. He ran through. shpo'hotse.
[Head Chief text]
See: -
-som vii. long and narrow. -smo. It's long and narrow. -sonaotse vii. vai. lose weight. -sonaotse He (or it?) lost weight. soto p. street; passageway. refers to place where you can travel through.
-sotse vii. diminish, go down. -sotse. It went down. ssene different tribes. Ssskeameohtsh'e na. Slimwalking Woman. name of ugly, mangy buffalo cow in famous story of
the Great Race.
-ssvahe vai. worn out; sapped. this form, which indicates a longer term condition, like a personality
trait, than -ssveotse, is not used by all speakers. Non-reduplicated: -svahe. -ssvahe He's a worn out person. See: -mtahe; -khaneotse.
-ssveanotse vai. go limp from hunger. N-ssveanotse. I was so hungry I went limp. fai: -an.
See: -hean.
-ssvhe'onotse vai. hands be sapped. N-ssvhe'onotse my hands are sapped, worn out. Medial: he'on.
-ssvenome
vai. be sound asleep. See: -ns'enome. xxamae-ssvenomhoo'o He was just sound asleep (Croft 1988:24:21). hma'x-ssvenotaesesto. He (obv) was really beaten up by him. [JOURNEY.TXT] Final: -not; Nonreduplicated: -svenot. See: -ne'enseh.
-ssvenot vta. beat s.o. until he is tired out, beat s.o. to a pulp. -ssvenotho. He beat him to a pulp.
-ssvenxvaen vai. beat s.o. until he is tired out. faster action than -ssvenot. N-ssvenxvano I
beat him up until he was tired out.
-ssveonotse vai. become limp in legs (or bones). -ssveonotse. He got limp in his legs/bones. -ssveotse vai. vii. become weak; limp; wilt. -ssveotse. He wilted/got weak. -ssvkhtohts vai. legs wear out. N-ssvkhthtse my legs are worn out. -ssvomhtahe vai. feel worn out, wilted, exhausted, languid, unergetic. N-ssvomhtahe. I feel
worn out.
-ssvothe' vai. have untied shoes (or moccasins). It was considered indecent for a female to have
her moccasins untied. See: vhe'e. -ssvoth'a. His shoes/moccasins are untied.
-ssvotsenohe vai. be slouchy looking. -ssvotsenohe He's slouchy looking. Final: -nohe. -ssa'xe
vai. plunge into enemy. See: Sena'han'e. -ssa'xe He plunged into the enemy (in battle).Literally: plunge through. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -sa'xe ??.
sse- pv. in between. See: shpe-. ho'vohktse -ssevtkeve the fat is in between the meat (this is
the kind of meat Cheyennes like best; it makes good boiling meat). Non-reduplicated: se-. Notes
(Phonology) redup
-sseohts vai. go into a crowd. -ssehtse He walked/went into the crowd. -sshkahe
vai. slim. See: -shkomahe; -thkona'he. -sshkahe He is slim. Notes (Phonology) redup ??Variant: -skahe.
Sshkevata na. Slender Youngbird. See: mnevata. sshpe- pv. through. See: sse-; se-. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: shpe-. -sshpee vai. move through. -sshpe. He worked his way through (for example, through a crowd
of people). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -shpee.
Ssone'e na. Shoshone.Pl: Ssone'eo'o. -sson vii. flattened ?? -ssno. ?? It is flattened. See: -phpon ??. -skahe vai. be slim. N-skahe I'm slim.Variant: -sshkahe (probably more widely used). sv- i. diminish. -sva'omeotse vai. fall through ice. -sva'omeotse. He fell through the ice. See: m'ome. -sva'omhen vai. break ice. with a tool. -sva'omhne. He broke ice. Svhts'e na. Sniffs the Ground Woman. sve- pv. diminishingly. N-svevmo I see him less and less.
-svt vii. snow diminish. See: -ho't; -t. -svto It is snowing less/the snow is diminishing. -sve'se't vai. pants hang down. hang down lower than pants used to. ohkeam-sve'se'too'o.
Their pants hang down. BodyPartMedial: -'es.
-sve's'ham vta. pull down pants of s.o. ons-sve's'hamho. He tried to pull down her pants. -sve'sotse vai. lost pants. See: -m'e'see'e. to'se-sve'sotse. He's almost losing his pants. that
is, buttocks are showing. Medial: -'es.Literally: -diminish(.covering.of)-rump-RESULT.
-sveohts vai. go slowly. -svehtse He walked slowly (for example, humpbacked). -sveotse vii. less, diminish. -sveotse. It is less. -svoeme vii. vai. cost less; be on sale. See: -haoeme; -he'amoeme; -he'anvoeme; -oeme. -svoeme it's
reduced in price/it is on sale/it (or he) is cheap (inexpensive).
svne p. south. Usage: not well known today. some speakers may gloss this as 'east' but note that text
1987:208 regards this as 'south'. Antonym: notma. See: nomhst'e; sve-; hnsvne. Etymology: *a:wanwenki in the south.
-sth mbp. heart. ka'-stha. He is short hearted (has a quick temper). Nhe-stha'vo. I encouraged
him. nhe-stha. He has a quick temper (lit. quick-heart). Usage: Some uses of this medial in expressions concerning emotions may be neologisms, based on English use of the word 'heart', but, apparently, several Cheyenne verbs of emotion with the 'heart' medial are old terms.. See: hsta heart; -htsest heart (poss.).
-stonvhko ni. drymeat (poss.). he-stonvhko her drymeat (that is, that which belongs to her). -stoo'on mbp. jaw. See: -htoo'on. -sts fai. suffix for third person sg. subject for AI conjunct participles. See: -htse; -se. tsman-stse the one
who drinks. mxho'hn-stse when he comes. Notes (Phonology) allomorph of /-ht/
-sts mbp. head. specifically crown of head ??, in contrast to -a'(k). thpe'-sts'e. He has a big
head. See: -hts.
-
- pv. past tense. allomorph of /h/ 'past tense' before //. -e. He was lying there. See: h- past tense. aa p. wow!; my! male exclamation. Notes (Phonology) may be lengthened for greater effectVariant: jaa;
aa. Feminine: noo. See: ahehe.
-a'hahts vti. sift s.t. -a'hhtse. She sifted it. a'haseo'o ni. sifter. e'e
na. big boulder. The plural is sometimes used for 'sandrocks'.Pl: eno. Obviative: eno; Oblique: enva. See: ho'hon'e.
-een vta. rob s.o. -enho. He robbed him. vai: -enov. See: -nhpa'ehe'tov; -enomev; -nomhtseh. enva obl. at the boulders; at the sandrocks. ohkemhaa'senanhtseo'o enva (people) used to be
buried in sandrock (caves).
-enevhoo'e
vai. sit by sandrocks, live by sandrocks. -enevhoo'e. He's sitting/living by the sandrocks. can refer to burial in the sandrocks. Notes (Phonology) vs
env'kso na. sandrock bird. enevo'hon'e na. sandrock. Usage: probably neologism or partial loan transl.. See: ho'hon'e. eno na. sandrocks. Singular: e'e. -enomev vta. rob s.o. of something. See: -nhpa'eh'tov; -en. -enomevho He robbed him of it. -enov vai. rob. See: -nomhts. -enva He robbed. vta: -en.
enovhe na. bandit; robber.Pl: enovheo'o. Obviative: enovheho. -eeon mbp. chest. See: -htseeeeo'o; -en. ma'eeonhe robin (lit. red-chested-one). ee- pv. same; similar. See: sese-. N-eeoo'hetan'tnne ma'kaata we think the same about money.
Notes (Phonology) esh-assimilation, esp. in fast speechVariant: see-.
-ee vai. lie, prone. that is, be prone. -e. He is (lying) prone. See: -ovee. Etymology: *enkihinwa. -eem vta. lay s.o. out ?? -eemho. He laid him out. ?? can be said of spreading out a rug which is
animate in Cheyenne. See: -vem.
eesttse ni. bed.Literally: lying.down-thing. Pl: estottse. See: hstoomtse; hvo'esttse; hooma;
ts'hk-eenhtove.
eesttse
ts'hkshpa'o'xe
vii.
hide-a-bed.Literally: bed
where
it
is
stretched
out.
Usage: neologism.
-ex vti. cut free s.t. esp. to cut meat from the bone. -xa. He cut it clean off the bone. -eh na. maternal uncle (poss.). This is one's mother's brother; called "uncle" within the Cheyenne
system when speaking English. The paternal uncle is referred to by words such as hhamono. he-eho his/her maternal uncle. he-evho their uncle(s). n-xne my uncle. n-evo your (pl) uncle ?? tshe-hto the one who is my uncle. Nhe-hentse. He is my uncle. vai: -he-ehe. Etymology: *neihsa (Pi) my uncle.
ehe na. snowbird, junco, wren.Pl: heo'o. Obviative: eho. hso na. Little Snowbird. man's name. See: ehe. -'a'xe vai. sift jerk. -'a'xe. She is sifting the last remainders in the sifter. 'e
ni. area; grove.Pl: 'stse. hetanmen'-'e juneberry bush area. tshmsts-e'eve at the cottonwood grove. stsema''-e'eve It is a gopher hole area. Ho'hon'e Montana (lit. rocky-area). See: -n2. Usage: rare as a noun, but common as a noun final or in verbs.
e'han'o washing machine. 'hno na. 1 cloth. The singular today can mean 'garter.' The plural usually means 'garters', but could
mean 'pieces of cloth.'. me'ta'omne 'hno. He used the cloth as a doorway for a tepee.Pl: 'honono. Obviative: 'honono. See: tnov'hno canvas. 2 garter. n-'hno your garter.
-'honnevo'khan 'honono na. garters. '- i. awake. See: s'h-.
vai. wear canvas (or cloth) shoe(s). -'honnevo'khna He has on
canvas/cloth shoes.
'e- i. awake. -'ematneo'o. They woke up smelling (something). 'e- i. scrape. -ena He scraped it by hand. -'exa He scraped it by cutting. -'enha He
scraped it by tool. -'enomho (RECK) He scraped it by mouth (or teeth).
-e'e fai. drink. See: /-ase'e/; -mane. n't-e'e He's full from drinking. 'e
na. duck. Simplified Spelling: shi'shi, she'she, shi'sh; Holliman Spelling: sshi ssh (sg.), sshi sshi yoo (pl.).Pl: 'eo'o. Obviative: e'xo; Diminutive: 'kso. Etymology: *ii'iipa. Notes (Phonology) Backing: the obviative /'-o/ illustrates the process in which a phonemic // is backed to phonetic |x| when it occurs next to a back vowel, either /a/ or /o/. Other examples with -Backing are: x'o /an/ 'skunk'; -hnxe /-hn/ 'he prayed lying down' (with the AI final -(e) with allomorph (e)en); -ne'xhtse 'he gargled' (with initial /nee'-/, with surface || seen in -ne'vne 'he washed his (own) face'); -nexo /-no/ 'there are two of them' (cf. -neo'o 'there are two of them'). fai: -an hungry.
-'eanxe vai. wake up hungry; awaken hungry. Nmo-'eanxe. I woke up hungry this morning. -'eeoesta'xe vai. jerk awake. -'eoesta'xe. He jerked awake. 'eetaemaahv'e ni. shotgun. See: ma'aatn'e.Pl: 'eetaemaahv'stse. 'eetaemaahtse ni. buckshot. See: maahe.Literally: ?-arrows.
-'e'haeotse
vai. awaken from coughing. See: -'eotse; -'eoha'ov; -s'ha'ov. N-'e'haeotse I woke up from coughing.
-'em vta. awaken s.o. by sound. -'emho. He awakened him. -'emaa'e tsxhoo'khotse. He
was awakened by the rain. See: -s'ha'ov.
'eno na. rattle (esp. gourd rattle). Etymology: *ii'iikwana ??; Sh si'siikwanehi (dim.). Possessive: 'enotame.Pl: 'enono. See: mho'xeno.
'enonvse ni. Gourd Butte. -'enotame

na. rattle IndepNoun: 'eno.
(of snake) (poss.).
he-'eenotamo
his (snake's) rattle(s) (an.).
'enovtse na. snake. perhaps originally term for 'rattlesnake' but extended to be general term for
'snake'.Literally: rattle(.one). Etymology: cf. O zhiishiigwe See: xamae'enovtse; 'e-.Pl: 'enovoto. Obviative: 'enovoto. (N); Sh e'iikwee0a.
'enovotsheseo'tse ni. rattlesnake medicine; prairie coneflower. 'enovots-mhtamtse

ni. snake plants.Literally: snake-foods. it is said that snakes eat these flowers.Variant: 'enovotsv'stse.
'enovotstane na. Comanche.Literally: snake-person. Pl: 'enovotstaneo'o. 'enovotsvhom'hesttse ni. Snake Dance. 'enovotsv'stse ni. snakeweeds.Variant: 'enovots-mhtamtse. -'eoesem vta. awaken s.o. -'eoesemho. He woke him up. Medial: -oese. -'eoha'ov
vta. awaken s.o. See: -'em. mstav-'eoha'ovhevovhe They woke him up
(1987:298).
-'eotse vai. awaken; wake up. -'eotse. He woke up. 'eotsstse! Wake up! Final: -otse. See: eotse; -to'.
-'ee vai. lie awake. -'e. He is lying awake. N-'enahe? Are you lying awake?Variant: s'e. See: -s'han.
'kema na. 1 wart. Etymology: *cii'ciikwama (Pe79.374).Pl: 'kemaho.

2 Wart.
-'kemhveht vai. have warts on the leg. -'kemhvehta. He has warts on his legs. -'kemhves vai. have wart(s) on finger. -'kemhvese. He has wart(s) on his finger(s).
BodyPartMedial: -s.
'kso na. duckling. See: 'e.Pl: 'ksono. Obviative: 'ksono. -'etan vai. want to awaken. Nons-'etno. I'm trying to wake up (for example, by stretching). -'evaosem
vta. awaken s.o. by sound ?? tshns'enomse m-'evaosemhevhe vhkooheho When he was snoring he must have awakened the rabbit. (Croft 1988:24:20).
-'evo'e'ov vta. awaken s.o. with noise. for example, stomping around. -'evo'e'ovho. He woke
him up with his noise.
/-en/ fai. fall; lie. ov-e. He lay down ; he went to bed. ov-ne. They lay down. ov-enahe? Did
he lay down? -e. He was prone. (state of lying down). hn-xe. He prayed (while) lying down. Notes (Phonology) takes morpheme-initial /e/ unless preceding stem ends in a vowel in which case that vowel is retained fta: -eem; fti: -ehaht; fii: -eh. See: -een. Etymology: *-hine.
-en mbp. chest (of body). n-enhtse He has pain in the chest (cf. nnhtse 'his face hurts').
khamxv-ne He has consumption/T.B. pa'-ne. He has a bump/lump/hump on his chest. mo'htv-env'hso sagehen (lit. black-chested-prairie chicken). Npe-enhno. I punched him in the chest. m'-ne. He has hair on his chest. See: -eeon.
-ntam
vta. repulsed by s.o., loathe s.o. esp. because the avoided one is considered a misfit. netamho. He considered him repulsive. N-ntmo I avoided him. (for example, he is so filthy he makes me lose my appetite). V'h'e ohk-netamovo xamaevo'stanho. Whites find
Indians repulsive.
-netamahe vai. filthy; unsanitary person. -netamahe. He is filthy (for example, in his way of life). -netsest vii. filthy. -ntssta. It is filthy/to be shunned. -netsstahe
vai. be persnickety; be repulsed by (things/people). -netsstahe. He is repulsed. V'h'e ohk-netsstheo'o. Whites are persnickety (against Indian things; for example, some
Indian food is repulsive to them).
no'khantse ni. old shoes; discarded shoes. -noma'e' vai. be left behind (esp. in a horse race); come in=last. See: -hestxeohts. -noma''o He
came in last (for example, race horse left in the dust).
-noonen vti. vta. drain. noonenno mshstoto! Drain the potatoes! -noovan vti. strain, filter s.t./s.o. -noovna. He strained it. (for example, tea).
vta. -noovanho. He strained him.
noovn- ?? i. strain, filter. noovnenesttse ni. strainer; sieve; collander.Variant: noovneo'o. Pl: noovnenstottse. noovneo'o
ni. strainer; vsPl: noovneontse.
sieve;
collander.Variant: noovnenesttse.
Notes
(Phonology)
-on mbp. hip. See: -hteo'o; -eeon. -nonhtse He has pain in the hip. stot''e na. Pine Woman. stt'e
na. 1 pine tree; cedar (esp. for ceremony); evergreen. See: v'evstt'e. Etymology: Historically, this entry consists of a beginning portion, from the PA, meaning 'pine', plus the medial 'wood' -'e: *enta 'evergreen sp.' + *-ay (abstract noun final) *-a:xkw 'wood' (Go88).. AltPl = stot'ehoPl: stot'e. Obviative: stot'e. See: mma'xstoto'e. 2 Pine. See: stt'ke.
-stot'ema'h vii. smell of pine. -stot'em'ha It smells of pine. stot'emeno na. pineapples. Usage: neologism. stot'eo'h'e loc. Cedar River. the Saline Fork of the Smoky Hill River. stot''e pine forest. stot'ev'ho'mh'o ni. forestry. Usage: neologism.Literally: pine-whiteman-house. stt'ke na. Little Pine. See: stt'e. ()- i. free. See: (x)-. epv. remain. See: -stoo'e. -eno'kee'e. He stayed home alone. Mnstsen-evo'stanheve (mnsts-??) Will you stay on here to live? (1987:36). -eamon'ta. It stayed behind/ it got left behind (for example, something forgotten). Notes (Phonology) assim. from sevai. urinate a lot. -eahe. He urinates a lot. Nsa-eahhe. I don't urinate a lot (for example, I can drink a lot of water without urinating). See: -xaa'e urinate; xaemema'xe smell of urine. vai. Final: -tamao'.laugh so hard urinate on self. See: xaeme-. -etama'o He laughed so hard he pee-ed on himself.
-eahe
-etamao'
ee- pv. with urine. -eetanotse. He feels like urinating. -eeh'e. He (obv.) scared him so he
peed.
-enome vai. pee while sleeping. usually said only of a baby. -enome. He peed while sleeping.
See: -xaee.
-eenohe vai. looks urinated. -eenohe. He looks like he urinated on himself. -eeotse vai. pee while unaware. -eeotse. He urinated while knocked out. See: -eotse; -'eotse. -eetanotse vai. feel like urinating. -eetanotse. He feels like urinating. See: -xaa'e. -emohe vai. strain to jerk away. for example, trying hard to jerk away from someone. -emohe.
He's trying to jerk away. fai: -mohe.
-enom vai. preen s.o. ?? v'kse -enomahtse The bird is preening itself. ?? [PD851] -enome vai. remain sleeping. -enome. He remained (behind) sleeping. for instance, stay sleeping
while others leave the house.
-eoesta'xe vai. wiggle free. -eoesta'xe. He wiggled free. See: -'eoesta'xe. -eoo'e vai. sit peeing (on self). -eoo'e. He's sitting peeing (on himself). -e'e vai. stand peeing, pee standing. -e'e. He's peeing while standing. -eotse vai. vii. loosen; free. -eotse. It (or he) came loose/got free. N-eotse. I'm free (for
example, from my kids, I finally get a break). Nmnetshe'xv-eotse. I just got free. See: xanan; -'eotse; -eeotse.
-ee vai. remain lying. -e. He stayed lying down. that is, remain lying everybody else left. Nonassimilated: -see. See: -ee.
-etanovoht
vti. remain and watch s.t. 'hk-etanovhtnse m'k'se (ma'henemahe). Ma'ko'se would stay there and watch (the sacred arrow). (1987:306).
-xa'xe vai. jerk free. -xa'xe. He jerked free. -kahe vai. tall skinny. -kahe. He tall and skinny. -ktone ?? ni. womb (poss.), uterus (poss.). n-ktone ?? my womb. he-ktone her womb.
See: heo'heo'o.
-k'ohe vai. be sparse; thin (of trees or tubers). not used in sg. ?? -ko'heo'o They (esp. trees)
are thin (not many in number). tt'e -ko'heo'o the pine trees are thin (there). Notes
(Phonology) assimilated from -sk'ohe
-konhpotse -konov
vai. sweat profusely. -konhpotse. He's dripping with sweat. Mo'hno'hme ma'x-konhpotseo'o. The horses were dripping with sweat. See: -hohpotse. vai. vii. be drenched; soaking wet; get soaked by rain. See: -nha'ov; -mhov. konva it/he is soaking wet.
-evtam vta. pity s.o., feel sorry for s.o. -evtamho. He had pity on him. Nv-evtama. He pitied
me again. N-evtmo. I took pity on him. Nvs-evtmo. I, also, took pity on him. evtamemeno! Be merciful to us! (a common prayer). Etymology: *neewe:lema:wa.Variant: nevtam.
-evtamhtstan vai. want to be pitied; want to be felt sorry for. ohkeosee-evtamhtstno He

wants to be pitied.
-evtame ?? vai. be merciful. -evtame He is merciful/he takes pity. -evtamenohe vai. look pitiful. -evtamenohe He looks pitiful. Final: -nohe. -evtametan vai. feel merciful; pity. -evtametno. He's feeling pity/merciful. -evtametan'tov vta. feel pity toward s.o. -evtametan'tovho hee'haho He feels pity towards his
son.
-evtamo'omenehe vai. be in a pitied state. -evtsstahe

vai. be merciful; have feelings. Antonym: -<sa>-nannhhe. -evtsstahe He is merciful.Variant: -nevtsstahe. vai. merciful. -evtssth'heneve He is a merciful person.Variant: nevtssth'heneve.
-evtssth'heneve
evn'e na. (woman's name). (x)- i. free; loose. See: ()-. -xaemema'h vii. smell of urine, urine smell, pee smell. -xaemem'ha. It smells of urine. fii: ma'h. See: -eahe.
-xaemema'xe vai. smell of urine, urine smell, pee smell. -xaemema'xe. He smells of urine. fai: ma'xe. See: -eahe.
-xa'no'ham vai. unharness horses. N-xa'no'hme I unharnessed horses.
-xa'ham vta. snatch s.o., jerk s.o. free, free s.o. by jerking. -xa'hamho. He jerked him free. -xan vta. free; lloose; release s.t./s.o. See: -eotse. -xanho. He freed him. N-xanne. I was
freed. taxa'e taonsh-xaneha Go try and get him released (from jail). (1987:183). xnhtse! Free it! (for example, unplug the electrical applicance from the wall jack).
-xanov vta. free; loose; release s.o. -xanovho He freed him. -xo'en vti. lose s.t. by slippage. -xo'na. It slipped away from him. He was holding it and it slipped
away from him. -xo'na hotse'hesttse. The job slipped away from him. Usage: fig., used figuratively for when you are unable to get a job that you wanted, as in 'the job slipped away from me,' possibly this usage is a loan transl. from English. This is a TI verb, with the subject being the person who held the object, from whom it slipped away. vta. lose s.o. by slippage. -xo'enho. He (obv) slipped away from him. See: -eotse; -o'ha'en.
xo'hts'e na. Scraping Woman; Gnawing Woman. translation uncertain. -xonean vti. vta. free; let loose; release; take out s.t./s.o. (of a rope-like object). for example, of a
shoestring.
N-xnno. I freed him (some rope-like object). hethvo'ehestottse. He took his (own) shoestrings out. Medial: -n. -xoneanantse
-kamon na. maternal aunt; stepmother (poss. stem). perhaps no forms for use with first and second
person possessors, with preference for the stem for 'mother', for example, -hko'ehe ?? hekamono his maternal aunt.
-ke na. mother (poss.). See: -hko'ehe; neko 'your mother'. he-ke his mother. -keme na. grandmother (poss.). See: -vkeme. keme your grandmother. hevkemo his grandmother.
hevkemevho their grandmother.
-kos mbp. finger; toe. See: -os; -hkos.
T-t
-t fta. abstract TA final. parallels -ht 'TI final'. mo-to. He fought him. Nno-to. I left him. Nmho-ta.
He loves me. Nmho-xe. You love me. Etymology: *-0. fti: -ht. Notes (Phonology) has allomorph
x- in conjugations when followed by /e/
ta-1 dir. away; translocative directional preverb. With this translocative, the "distance" can be of space
or, by semantic extension, time. This preverb indicates that action extends away (esp. away from the speaker). Ta-anestse! Go on! -t-hmanohe. He went for water. N-t-hne'enahe tsnhestmo? Do you remember what I said (back then, at a previous time)? (The temporal distance is indicated here by the ta- on the 'know' verb.). Antonym: nh-.
ta-2
pv. let, hortative. N-ta-vo'smne! Let's play! N-taneasema! Let's just leave! N-thmshmne! Let's eat! N-t-sanemshhema! Let's not just eat! (for example, let's just leave now and eat when we get there). N-ta-nmne! Let me sing! See: v'-2.
-ta' vti. fit s.t. N-t'a. I fit it. -t'a tshvstoemo'sse vo'stanho. He has authority to marry
people. sa-ta'he He doesn't fit it/he isn't qualified for it. -t'a hevoestato his belt fits him (lit. he fits to his belt). -ta'antse. They fit him (lit. he fits to them). -ta'antse hemo'khantse. His shoes fit him (lit. he fits to his shoes). Notes (Phonology) not vs vta: -ta'ov.
-taa' vai. beat spouse, domestic abuse. -ta'e. He beat up his wife; he is a wife-beater / She beats her
husband. Notes (Phonology) not vs vta: -taa''tov. See: -taa'oohe; -oom; -'v.
taa'e p. in a pile. See: ta'e. ta'e ni. night. Notes (Phonology) iah Oblique: taa'va. Notes (Phonology) not vsPl: ta'stse. See: hetva; ene; -no'e; von-; vone-; pa'e. Etymology: *tepexkwi; *tepe'ki (Pi).
taa'ee'he
na. moon.Variant: e'he. Sometimes the word e'he is used for both 'sun' and 'moon.'.Literally: night-sun. vhkee'he crescent moon ?? 'xee'he half moon.
taa''se p. right in half. Taa''se m'emheethevhe. He (the big watersnake) had already halfway
swallowed him (the frog). [1987:285] See: 'se.
-taa''heneve vai. be a wife beater. See: -taa'. -taa''heneve He is a wife beater. -taa''tov vta. spouse beat s.o. -taa''tovho He beat her up (as he would a wife). vai: -taa'. -taa'oohe vai. beat spouse. -taa'oohe. He/She committed domestic violence. faster action than -taa'.
See: -taa'.
taa'stove p. even with (position). -taa'stvo'eh vta. treat equally s.o. ma'heo'o ohket'-taa'stvo'eeho vo'stanho. God treats people
equally.
taa'va
obl. at night. Holliman Spelling: di i vi. See: ta'e night. Taa'va nstsev'novo'eohtsme; mstaa'e nstsenmhtsen'o'havo. Don't eat (pl) outside at night; a bogeyman will give you a crooked mouth! (a traditional saying). hoha'e-taa'va late at night.
Taa'vho'nehe na. Night Wolf. Taa'vhtamhnstse na. Nightwalker. Taa'vhtsv'htse na. Flies At Night. -taa'va'xne vai. cry until night. -taa'va'xne. He cried until night. Taa'vanhkohe na. Night Bear. See: Taa'venhkohe. Taa'vxhoo'stse na. Night Sitting. -taa'eve vii. be night. -taa'eve It is night. h-taa'vetsee'stse whenever it is night. Taa'veamehtse na. Nightwalker. -taa'vhan vai. journey all day into the night. -taa'vhne. He journeyed all day into the night. Taa'venhkohe Night Bear. See: Taa'vnhkohe. Taa'vena'hne na. Killsnight. Taa'vena'han'e na. Killsnight Woman. -taa'venome vai. sleep until night. Naa mnsto'seva-taa'vnmme? Well, are you guys going to
keep sleeping (all day) until it's night? (humorous).
Taa'vehts'e na. Nightwalking Woman. -taa've'e vai. stand until night. -taa've'e. He stood there until night. -taa'veotse vii. become night. -taa'veotse. It has become night(time). taa'vsanesttse na. pajamas (a single pair).Literally: night-dress-NOM. Pl: taa'vsanstoto. -taa'vee vai. lie all night long. -taa've. He lay all night long. See: -vonee. taa'voesttse na. nightgown. See: hoesttse; -voesttse.Literally: night-dress. -taa'vomno'e vii. nighttime environment. -taa'vomno'e. ?? It's still dark/nighttime. ?? -taa'vnov vai. talk until night. ns-taa'vnva. (n??) He talked until night/dark. -taa'voo'kho vii. rain until night. -taa'voo'kho. It rained until dark. fii: -oo'koh. -taa'votse'ohe vai. work until night, work until dark. n-taa'votse'ohe. He worked until night. taa'hanhe
pro. he is the one (distal; new information). See: hena'hanehe; heta'hanehe; ta'hanehe.Pl: taa'hanevhe.
taa'hanevhe pro. there they (animate) are (distal; new information). ta'hanehe pro. there it is; that's what it is (distal; new information). See: taa'hanehe. Notes (Phonology)
contraction of taa'hanhe
-ta'omev vta. measure; fit for s.o. ?? N-ta'omvo I measure (it, for example, land) for him. [PD34] -ta'ov vta. fit s.o. The object for which size is the concern serves as semantic subject, so the syntactic
roles are reversed from those of English with the verb 'fit'. -ta'ovho hestse'heno. His shirt
fits him. (lit. he fits to his shirt). N-ta'vo nastse'he. My shirt fits me. N-ta'ovoo'o navxeono. My socks fit me. (lit. I fit to my socks). vti: -ta'. Etymology: *nete:pekawa:wa.
taamhe p. by oneself; personally. taamhe nnehove "I stand on my own feet". Tshhe taamhe
tshnehvto nohkenhetno he'hma nea'hanhe tshe'sta'he tst'omemaxstse nohkhetno. As for myself, personally, I think maybe Custer was the one who was shot (first), I think. [1987:22] See: no'ke-; taome-. Notes (Phonology) often cliticizes to the following word
taamhe na'stse p. either one; or (exclusive). coalesces to taam=na'stse. taame'xvva obl. some time later. See: ame'xvva. taan- pv. go ahead and do (something). Taan-asstse! Go ahead and leave! See: ven-; nen-; s'. tase p. Which one?Variant: taso. See: tasvoo 'o. tasvoo'e
p. Which one (an.)? Tasvoo'e oekeso nsttse? Which dog is yours (lit. your pet)? Tasvoo'e t'haho ts'aese? Which glove is dry?Variant: tasvoo'e. Pl: tasvoone. Notes (Phonology) vs See: tase.
taso p. which. Taso nemh'o? Which is your house?Variant: tase. taxa'e p. Let's see. epistemic particle. See: tahe. Taxeme na. Wallowing. refers to standing in a buffalo wallow?; translation uncertain. Taxeme'e na. Wallowing Woman.Literally: Standing In Buffalo Wallow Woman; trans. uncertain. tae- pv. precisely; exactly. often made even more intense as t'-tae-. tae-'xe exactly half. tae-tshhe
right exactly here. tae-hnov'e Exactly what? -taeho'enestse. He said it exactly right. taeho''ne He said it the way it is/hit the nail on the head. te-h''tva all of a sudden. Ntaenheve. You said it the same way (for example, as someone else). T-nvso?! Who in the world?! (Exactly who?). T-nvso nme'vo'stanvhavo?! Who in the world will save you?! (Dan. 3:15). Tae=nme'tatnve?! What would you do?! (1987:30). See: t'-; tae-; sese-.
-tehasen
vai. strewn all over; spread all over. -tehasne. His things are strewn all over. Nnema'xe-tehasne. (Your paperwork) is spread all over. See: -pe'pe'hasen.
-tehn vai. disperse; spread; go all over. See: -tehasen; -pe'pe'hasen. -thne He is spread out/he
has gone all over (for example, looking for a lost cow). -thne e'he the sun(shine) is all over/goes all over (for example, the area).
-tehnt vii. disperse, spread. -tehnto. It is spread out/it has spread all over. Hestsstoo'o etehntotse netao'o hstnv. his Gospel has spread all over the earth (Hymn 55).
taeh''tva p. all of a sudden. Taeh''tva m'sta'xe. All of a sudden he came in. See: h'tva;
s'ea'e.
tae'xe p. half exactly; exactly half. Tae'xe hovnee'e. (The moon) is half gone. a stage of the
moon. See: 'xe.
-te'e vai. fit standing. -te'e. He takes up the space. See: -teotse; -too'e. -teotse vai. vii. fit. -teotse. It fits. estsesttse -teotse. The word fits. See: -taa'e; -too'e; -taotse. -teots't vti. occupy s.t., fit to s.t. -teots'ta. He occupied it. V'ho'e tsemhe-teots'ta ho'e. The
whiteman will take over all the land.
-test vii. fit. for example, of something that should fit into something else. -tst. ?? It fits. satesthane. It doesn't fit in there. See: -teotse.
-tee vai. lie anywhere. -te. He lies anywhere / sleeps anywhere. taevh- i. measure. -taevh vti. measure s.t. ohke-taevhnvo. They measured (the tepee). [1987:222] vta: -taevah(n). -taevhne vai. measure. -taevhne. He is measuring. taevh'o ni. ruler. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: taevheontse. -taevh(n) vta. measure s.o. -taevahno. He measured him. -taevhnho. He measured him. (younger
speakers' variant). N-taevahe. He measured me. Taevaestse! Measure me! N-taevhnoo'o. I measured them (an.). See: -taevn; -ne'evh(n).
-taevhnhahtn -taev'san
vta. measure feet of s.o. -taevhnhahtano. He measured his feet. (the feet of someone else). Medial: -haht. vai. measure by foot. -taev'sne. He's measuring with his feet. Reduplicated: totev'sane. hne tshe'stneo'e vee'e maato They measure the length of the front of the tepee (1987:222). Taevneha! Measure him! Reduplicated: -totevn. See: -taevh(n).
-taevn vti. vta. measure s.t./s.o. By semantic extension this can refer to division. ohke-taevnnvo
-taevotse vai. vii. split; crack. -taevotse. It split/it cracked. See: -'xeotse. -taevx vti. cut s.t. in half. N-taevxa. He cut it in half.. th- i. on top. Notes (Phonology) allomorph tx-thahoohe vai. cook directly on top of stove (or fire). See: -hoohe. -thahoohe She cooked on top of a
stove (not in a pan).
-tha'ee'e
vai. sit with head on top. for example, sit with head lying on a table. Usage: can be a euphemism for being drunk. -tha'eo'o. They are sitting with their heads lying on the table. -tha'ee'e. He's sitting with his head lying on the table.
-tha'ee vai. put head on. Tha'estse txemshstva! Put your head on the table! -tha'hahts vti. throw s.t. on. -tha'hhtse. He threw it on (for example, onto a wagon). -tha'ham vta. 1 throw s.o. on.
2 throw s.o. right on base. -tha'hamho. He threw him (for example, a ball) onto (the roof
of the house) / he threw (the ball) right on base.
-tha' vai. vii. jump on. -tha'. He jumped on. Final: -a'. -tha'ov vta. chase s.o. onto. -tha'ovho. He chased him onto (e.g. drove a cow onto a truck). -tha'x'tov
vta. mount; jump on s.o. See: -vve'tov; -htse'me'tov. -tha'xnoto. He mounted her (typically of a male animal (for example, dog or horse) mounting a female while breeding with her). vta. put on s.o., put up s.o., erect s.o. Naa nhe'e hetane taohkhse-thanho na'stse. And
-than vti. put on s.t.; put up s.t., erect s.t.

then the man puts up another (pole). (1987:223). can refer to putting someone on a wagon or car. Thaneha! Pick him up (for example, stop the car and give him a ride)! See: -tomhtan.
thhe p. there (distal; new in discourse). See: hthhe; nhhe; tshhe; nhhe. thke'e p. small amount, just a little bit. See: tnethke'e; tke'e. -thketa vii. be small; tiny. See: -tketa. -thketa. He is small. thoehxhtseneseo'o ni. riding horse bridle. -tho'tov
vta. ride s.o.; be mounted on s.o.; mount s.o. can be used to refer to mounting s.o. in intercourse. See: -thoeots'tov. N-thoentse. I rode him (for example, a horse). -thoenoto mo'hno'hme. He's riding a horse. Mns'-thoentse ksa? Are you still riding a goat? (idiom; =separated from spouse). Nstseohke-thnvo hoh'e. You'll ride (the horse) very far away. (predicted Sweet Medicine). [1987:7:20] N=tsno'khovneehtsese ms-thoehnothe. He was riding the one that was missing. [1987:171] vai: -thoo'e.
thoentxv'h'e na. cavalry. See: ntxve'ho'e.Literally: riding-soldiers. -thoe'e vai. sit on while standing. for example, while car or horse is standing still. -thoe'e. He's
sitting on while his car/horse is standing still. [1987:268] Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -.
-thoeots'tov vta. ride s.o. Ntaove-thoeotsentse mo'hno'ha! Let me ride the horse first! stho'ethoeots'tovsesto. He rode up to her. (1987:171). See: -tho'tov.
-thoesttse
na. mount (poss.). See: mo'hno'ha. na-thoesttse my mount/horse. he-thoestoto his mount(s). he-thoestovevho their mounts. ne-thoestovevoo'o your (pl) mounts.
thoetshetma'xaovahttse riding plow. thovo'ha na. saddle horse.Literally: riding-horse.
thoheo'o ni. hay fork, lifter, dustpan. term for stove lid lifter. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: thoheontse.
See: an'kheo'o.
-thohomo'he vai. dance upon. -thohomo'he. He danced on (something). -tho'hotse vai. run on (something). -tho'hotse. He ran on something. for example, ran on top of
a blanket.
tho'haseo'o ni. hay rack. See: mo'e'tho'seo'o. -tho'h vta. give a ride to s.o. mnstsens-tho'xe? Will you give me a ride? vai: -thoo'e. -tho'k i. on top. -tho'k'ta. It's on top. See: -tho't. -tho'kh'en vai. cook on top of stove. -tho'kh'ne. She's cooking on top of the stove. -tho'khonne vai. make skillet bread, cook on top of stove. -tho'khonne. She's making skillet
bread.
tho'khonoo'o ni. skillet bread. See: txhonoo'o; tnovhonoo'o. -tho'kamanen vai. give surface attention. -tho'kamanne. He went quickly over the surface/his
'haste made waste'.
-tho'kan vta. put s.o. on top. -ho'kanho. He put him on top. for example, to put cloth (animate) on
top of something.
tho'ke-
i. on top. See: txe-. -tho'kenome He's a light sleeper/he's taking a 'catnap' (lit. on top (surface)-sleeping).
tho'ke-stse'he na. top coat. Usage: probably loan transl.. -tho'k'ha vai. fly on top. -tho'k'ha. He flew on top. -tho'ke'tov
vta. mount s.o. can refer to mounting another during mating. -tho'ke'tovho. He mounted her. nestse.
-tho'kenestse vai. speak in surface terms. -tho'kenestse. He didn't go into the subject deeply. fai: -tho'knome
vai. sleep lightly. -tho'knome. He's 'catnap.'.Literally: on.top(surface)-sleep. fai: -nome.
light
sleeper/he's
taking
-tho'ke'e vai. stand on top of (something). -tho'ke'e. He's standing on top of (something). -tho'kee vai. lie on top. -tho'ke. He's lying on top (of the bed without getting between the sheets).
See: -txe.
-tho'kevo'eh vii. lie on top out of=control. staohke-tho'kevo'htseneho. (The plow; inan. obv.)
came out on top (of the ground) out of control. [1987:70]
-tho'ko't vii. on top. -tho'k'ta. It's on top of (something). See: -tho't. -tho'kneee vai. lie ropelike on top. -tho'kne. He is lying there ropelike on top (of something). -tho'knoeots'tov
vta. perch upon s.o. sit. naa n=v'kshso m'hkeahtse'tho'knoeotshenothe hotoa'o he'pa'ne and that little bird (sparrow) would sit on the buffalo's
back (1987:245).
-tho'knoo'e
vai. perch. See: -eoee; -amnoo'e. -tho'knoo'e. He (esp. a bird) is perched, For example, an owl can perch on a house to warn of a death in the family that lives there.Literally: upon-sit. Notes (Phonology) vsVariant: -tho'noo'e. vai. vii. float on top. -tho'kov'o. It is floating on the surface. Final: -'. See: snoe'.
-tho'kove'
-tho'kvoeotse vai. vii. 1 surface.

2 exposed. Usage: fig.. for example, something a person was hiding has been exposed. tho'kvoeotse. He was exposed.
-tho'kvoom' vai. be in top of water ?? 'hkevhsem'-taho'kvoom'osstse He would appear

again up on top of the water. [JOURNEY.TXT]
-tho'ne'e vai. step on (something). -tho'ne'e. He stepped on (it). Reduplicated: -totho'ne'e. See: tho'n'eotse.
-tho'n''tov vta. step on (something.). -tho'n'enoto. He stepped on him. -tho'n'en

vta. step on s.o., place feet on s.o. N-tho'n'no. I stepped on him. Ka'kneho 'hkeems-taho'n'enovo ts'the he'httne nonhpa mxho'nhkevho'ho'enohtsvse.
children used to place their feet on these salamanders, that way they never used to get leeches (a cultural belief; 1987:214). See: -ho'ne'e.
-tho'n'eotse 1 vai. step on. -tho'n'eotse. He stepped on (something).

vti. step on s.t. -tho'n'eotse. He stepped on it. Hnov'e ts-tho'n'eotseto? What did you step on? (humorous response to farting). See: -tho'ne'e. 2 vti. speed. Usage: loan trans.. Nhe'e -tho'n'eotse. Then he stepped on it (loan trans. joke
for speeding).
-tho'n'eots'tov vta. step on (something.). -tho'n'eotsnoto. He stepped on him. -tho''h vta. pick up s.o. -tho'o'ho. He picked him up (esp. in a car). M-tho''haehevhe. She must
have picked him up (for example, to take him drinking). See: -n'ooh'tov.
-tho'noo'e vai. perch on; sit on. tho'noo'e mstaa'e. An owl is sitting on (for example, his house).
Notes (Phonology) vsVariant: -tho'knoo'e. Final: -oe. An owl is believed to foretell a death in
that house. nto'xva 'he (for example, owl) is warning'; n'so'estomaneo'o 'they (esp. owls) play tricks (on people)'.
tho'pe- ?? pv. ?? Reduplicated: totho'pe-. -tho'po't vii. take up room. -totho'p'ta. It's taking up room. Reduplicated: -totho'po't. tho'seo'o ni. dresser. Usage: od. Holliman Spelling: dau ho ssi yoo. See: ho's'o. -tho't vii. be on top. -th'ta. It's on top (for example, on top of a table). See: -tho'ko't. -tho'ts vti. place s.t. on top, put s.t. on top. nhhe he'ama s-tho'tsnvse hne hhkha'e They put
that cap on top of (the lodge). [JOURNEY.TXT] See: -o'ts.
-tho'xvaen vti. vta. give a ride to s.o. N-tho'xvno. I gave him a ride. See: -n'ooh'tov. thoma'henesttse ni. dustpan. See: thoh'o. -thneee vai. lie ropelike on top. -thne. (The snake) is lying there on top (of something). -thonoht vti. cook s.t. on top of the stove. N-thonhta. I cooked it on top of the stove. -thonoo'e vai. sit on (something). -thonoo'e txe'sestova. He sat on a chair. -thoo'e vai. ride.Literally: upon-sit. Notes (Phonology) vs -thoo'e. He's riding. -thoo'e ame'hhtva.
He rode in an airplane. ame-thoo'e. He's riding along (for example, along the trail). vta: tho'tov. vti. See: /-oe/; -hoo'e. Etymology: *te:h0apiwa.
-thovhto'he
vai. load things on. -thovhto'he. He's putting things on (the car or trailer). fai: vht'he; vta: -thovot.
Thvo'e'e na. Wrapped In a Blanket Woman. See: -hvo'e'e. -thovot vai. load him. -thovotho. He put a load on him ; he loaded him up. See: -to'n. thoxe'stnesttse ni. desk.Literally: upon-writing-thing. See: txemxe'stnesttse. thpe'- i. big. -thpe'ahtse vai. big mouth. -thpe'htse. He has a big mouth. BodyPartMedial: -ahtsen. -thpe'htsen'o vai. mouth wide open, wide open mouth. -thpe'htsen'o. He has his mouth wide
open. BodyPartMedial: -ahtsen.
-thpe'htsenvov vai. swollen mouth; puffy lips. for example, from being hit on the mouth. thpe'htsenvva. He has puffy lips. BodyPartMedial: -ahtsen.
-thpe'a'xan
a'xan.
vai. cry loudly. -thpe'a'xne. He cried loudly. Reduplicated: -tthpe'a'xan; fai: -
-thpe'an vti. vta. enlarge; make bigger s.t./s.o. -thpe'na He made it bigger/he made it (for example,
radio) louder. -thpe'anho He made him bigger.
-thpe'as vai. have a big belly. This word or -thpeta can be used when referring to a woman who is far along
in her pregnancy. -thpe'se. He has a big belly. e-thpe'sehe? Is she showing yet? (lit. Is she big bellied yet?). BodyPartMedial: -as2; Antonym: -tke'as. See: -thpeta; -pa'ksotse; hse'e.
-thpe'see'e vai. sit with big belly. -thpe'see'e. He's sitting with a big belly. thpe'shahnoma bumblebee.Literally: big bellied-bee. Pl: thpe's-hahnomaho. Obviative: thpe'shahnomaho.
Thpe'she Big Belly. a nickname. -thpe'svo'enohe vai. have a have a big stomach from eating. for instance, of a puppy that eats until
its tummy looks so full, then falls asleep. -thpe'svo'enohe. He has a big stomach from having (just) eaten. BodyPartMedial: -as; fai: -o'enohe.
-thpe'some
vai. big poop, big bowel movement. -thpe'some. He made a big turd. BodyPartMedial: -some. See: matse.
-thpe'ee vai. lying with fat belly. Usage: a humorous, teasing word. -thpe'e. He's lying there
with a fat belly.
-thpe'tamao' vai. laugh loudly. -thpe'tama'o. He laughed loudly. Thpe'ee'se Big Nose. contracted form is Pe'ee'se. See: -thpe'ees. -thpe'enoo'e vii. deep snow. -thpe'enoo'e. The snow is deep / There are deep snow drifts. See: hahpe'enoo'e.
-thpe'ees vai. have big nose. -thpe'ese. He has a big nose. BodyPartMedial: -es. -thpe'to vii. snow big flakes. -thpe'to. It's snowing big flakes. -thpe'haht vai. have a big foot. -thpe'hhta. He has a big foot. Reduplicated: -tthpe'haht. -thpe'he'on vai. have big hand(s). -thpe'he'na. He has a big hand(s). BodyPartMedial: -he'on. -thpe'e'eese vai. lie with a big nose. -thpe'e'eese. He's lying with a big nose. -thpe'e'es vai. have a big rump. See: v'e'snhesttse. -thpe'e'se. He has a big rump/arse. -thpe'e'est vai. big ear. for reference to ears, redup. is usually required, -tthpe'e'est. -thpe'e'sta.
He has a big ear.
-thpe'e'hahe vai. scream, holler, talk in a loud voice.Literally: big-voice. -thpe'e'hahe. He screamed.
See: -kse'eme.
-thpe'e'hahotse vai. scream; holler. tss-thpe'e'hahotsse when he hollered (1987:277). -thpe'e'hahtsstov vta. holler at s.o. -thpe'e'hahtsstovho. He hollered at him. -thpe'e-mhen vai. have a big house. -thpe'emhena. He has a big house. -thpe'ena'ev vai. have a big arm. -thpe'ena'va He has a big arm(s). -thpe'n vai. have a big face. -thpe'ne. He has a big face. -thpe'n vai. big face. -thpe'ne. He has a big face. See: -nhpn; -mmn. -thpe'ene'ho't vai. be a big room. -thpe'ene'h'ta It (room) is big. -thpe'enestse vai. talk loudly. -thpe'enestse. He talks loudly. fai: -nestse. See: -thpe'nov. -thpe'enon
vai. sing loudly. -thpe'enne. He sang loudly. Antonym: -he'kenmne; Final: -non. See: -thpenon.
-thpe'enont vii. be lound music. -thpe'enonto. The music (for example, on the radio) is loud. -thpe'enohe vai. look big. -thpe'enohe. He looks big. -thpe'enohee'e vai. sit looking big. -thpe'enohee'e. He's sitting looking big. fai: -nohe. -thpe'enotov vai. have a big neck. -thpe'enotva. He has a big neck. BodyPartMedial: -notov.
-thpe'eht
vai. have big leg(s). See: -thpe'kht. -thpe'ehta. He has a big leg(s). Reduplicated: tthpe'eht. Medial: -'.
-thpe'staenev'ohe vai. (tree) have big branches. -thpe'staenev'ohe. (The tree) has big branches. -thpe'sth vai. 1 have a big heart.
2 be kind. Usage: fig., probably loan transl. from English. -thpe'stha He is kind.
-thpe'sts'e vai. have a big head. -thpe'sts'e. He has a big, bushy (??) head. BodyPartMedial: hts. Notes (Phonology) vs
-thpe'en vai. have a big chest. -thpe'ne. He has a big chest. -thpe'na vai. big hips. -thpe'na. He has big hips. -thpe'kht vai. have a big leg. -thpe'khta. He has a big leg(s).Variant: -thpe'eht. -thpe'etanaha vai. have large breasts. -thpe'etanaha. She has large breasts. BodyPartMedial: -tanah. -thpe'ev vai. have big calf (of leg). -thpe'va. He has a big calf(s) (of leg). -thpe'vho't vii. make a big sound. such as a loud sound made by a car. -thpe'vh'ta. It made
a big sound.
-thpe'vnne vai. 1 make a loud sound. -thpe'vnne. He made a loud sound.

2 fart loudly. Usage: euphemism. Antonym: -tke'vanen. See: -pnestse.
-thpe'vhan vai. drum loudly. -thpe'vhne. He drummed loudly. Antonym: -tke'vhan. -thpe'vone vii. big sound; sound loudly. for example, of a car. -thpe'vone. It made a big noise.
Antonym: -tke'vone.
-thpe'kas
vai. have a big stomach. can refer to an expanding abdomen of a pregnant woman. xheno'-thpe'kshoo'o His stomach also really stuck out. [1980:56:22] Antonym: -ma'kas. hahpe'.
-thpe' vii. big. -thp'o. It is big. -thpe'otse. It (obv) is big. vai: -thpeta; Antonym: -tke'. See: -thpe'hos
vai. have a big penis. Antonym: -tke'hos. -thpe'hse He has a big penis. Usage: vulgar. Medial: -ohos. See: -hohohos; -tshe'sthos.
-thpe'htne vai. have a big forehead. -thpe'htne. He has a big forehead. -thpe'o'snahn
vai. build a big fire. -thpe'o'snhne. He built a big fire. thpe'o'snhnhhe ma't'e. He built a big fire in the timber. [1987:319] Ms-
-thpe''ohe vai. big tree. -thpe''ohe. It's a big tree (or similar vegetation). -thpe'omhtahe vai. feel big (esp. proud of self) ?? Nhv'e-thpe'omhtahe I felt big from that.
(from REBUKE.TXT).
-thpe'neehe
vai. be big around (of ropelike object). See: -tshe'stneehe. -thpe'neehe. He (ropelike) is big around. Medial: n.
-thpe'onen vai. have a big tooth. -thpe'onne He has a big tooth (or teeth). -thpe'noo'e vai. sit big. -thpe'noo'e. He is sitting big. that is, the person described is big and is
sitting.
-thpe'nov vai. talk loudly. -thpe'nva. He's talking loudly. Usage: This is a better pronunciation
than -nhpe'onov..Variant: -nhpe'onov. See: -hahpe'nov; -thpe'enestse.
-thpe'onovto vii. be loud talking. -thpe'onovto it's loud (for example, sound of the radio). -thpe'ohev vai. have big nails. -thpe'ohva. He has big nails/claws. BodyPartMedial: -ohev. -thpe'ovs vai. have big (for example, coarse) hair. -thpe'ovse. He has big (for example, coarse)
hair.
-thpe'xan vai. cry loudly (??). -thpe'xne He cried loudly ??. thpeno
ni. flute. or other wind Usage: obsolescing.Pl: thpenontse.
instruments
such
as
horn
or
trombone.
na. flute. animate for some speakers.Pl: thpenono. Oblique: thpnnva. See: 'e'esttse. Etymology: *pepikwani.
-thpenon vai. play the flute. -thpenne. He's playing the flute. thpenonnoottse ni. flute songs ?? thpenon'stse ni. flute shrub. wood used to make flutes. -thpeta vai. big. -thpeta. He's big. -thpetao'o. They are big. vii: -thpe'. See: -hahpeta. Thpeta na. Big. nickname for a deceased policeman in Ashland. vai: -thpeta. -thpetohts vai. get bigger; show (during pregnancy). -thpethtse She is showing (lit. getting
bigger). See: -thpeta.
thta p. out in the open, openly. hne thta thhe tstemnhkoe'ttsee'stse those (plums) which
were plainly seen (1987:288). Preverb: thtanove-.
Thtamh'e na. Plain View Woman; Clear Walker. thtaenotovhe

na. 1 killdeer.Pl: thtaenotovheo'o. Obviative: thtaenotovheho.Literally: marked.around-neck-NOM. Variant: possibly also thtaenotovhe. Medial: -notov. 2 Killdeer.
thtato p. about; around ?? See: ve-. thta'e- pv. in the open; openly. See: thtanoove-. -thta'eamehtse He's walking out in the open. thta'estse He is speaking openly ??
-thtanma'o'e vii. be circular ground ?? -thtanma'o'e He is circular ground ?? Thtanma''e na. Smooth Ground. -thtanoovan vti. vta. display s.t./s.o. openly ?; make s.t./s.o. public ?? -thtanoovna He made it
public/he displayed it openly ??
thtanoove-
pv. plainly, clearly. -thtanoovem'sta. He clearly explained it. Usage: obsolescing. See: thta'e-.
-thtanovan vta. display s.o., show s.o. esp. to show a hand of cards in a card game. -thtanovanho.
He showed him/them. (for example, he showed his cards).
ta'-
i. go out of sight; disappear. has more the English meaning of going out of sight, rather than disappearing. -ta'hne He disappeared/he went out of sight (for example, the sun at sunset). osee; ma'xe-.
t'- pv. emphatic, very. -t'moohtahe. He is very secretive.Variant: ot'-. See: t'e- emphatic ; very; -ta'a''o vai. duck head out of sight; hide face.Literally: out.of.sight-head-quick.movement. -ta'a''o. He
hid his head.
-ta'a' vai. vii. quickly go out of sight. -ta''o. He quickly went out of sight. Final: -a'. ta'e- pv. out of sight, disappear. stxaevhe'ke-ta'estshnesstse nhhe v'ho'om'e. She turned
and went slowly back there into the tent. (1987:59).
t'e- pv. emphatic; very. See: t'-. t'(e)- pv. emphatic; very. h'-t'he'kotomha when the water is really calm. ms-t'novhnhevhe
They came real slowly (1987:45). ms-t'hahpethhe nhe It (an.; tree) was very large. (1987:281). -t'e-ono'ahe He's a very right person; very nice looking. Notes (Phonology) The /e/ occurs preceding a vowel. See: et'-; ot'-; t'-; tae-.
t'e p. until. Nsahne'enhe mnoseehtoanvomhthotshhe t'e naa've'ho'e naa naa've'ho''e

tshnheta'evse. I was not aware (that) I was very sick until the doctor and the nurse told me. [1987:202] See: nse'to; maato.
t'e mhov'e p. finally. See: mhove-.Variant: mhov'e. -ta'ehn vai. walk out of sight; disappear. -ta'hne He disappeared/he went out of sight (for example,
sun). e'he tsthee-ta'hnse west (lit. where the sun disappears). tae-ta'hne e'he. The sun has gone down. Antonym: -m'ehn. See: -ta'e'h fly out of sight.
-ta'e'h vai. fly out of sight. -ta''ha. He flew out of sight. Reduplicated: -ta'ta'e'h. See: -nma'e'h fly
in a circle.
Ta'e'hhtsstse na. Flies Out of Sight. See: -ta'ta'e'h. -ta'e'hoohe vai. fly out of sight. -ta'e'hoohe. He flew out of sight / He went out of sight flying. -ta'e'san vai. condemn. Nv'e-ta'e'sne Don't condemn (others)! vta: -ta'e'ov. -ta'e'ov vta. 1 drive s.o. out of sight, make s.o. leave. -ta'e'ovho. He drove him out of sight.
2 condemn s.o. Nv'e-ta'e'ovo vo'stane! Don't condemn anyone! See: -asta'ov; -vho'oet; ho''et.
ta'emenontse
ni. Indian hominy. it is cooked then dried; not treated with lye. See: v'ho'ta'emenontse; mhaementse.
-ta'emohe vai. run out of sight. -ta'eoesta'x vai. disappear quickly. hk'e sta-ta'eoesta'xsesto (The coyote; obv.) disappeared far
away. [Croft 1988:27:2]
-ta'eohts vai. disappear; go out of sight, die. can be used as a euphemism for 'die'. -ta'ehtse He went
out of sight. Nvmo tsthee-ta'ehtsse I saw him when he went out of sight (said by a father about when he saw his invalid son die). [1987:284] See: -ta'ehn. Reduplicated: -tat'eohts.
-ta'ee vai. lie out of sight. -ta'e. He's lying out of sight. ta'eto p. out of sight. Nhtatshe'htse ta'eto. I went over there out of sight. [1987:157] t'mhove-tne'e
finally. See: tne'e. t'mhove-tne'e v'ho'e mstanomoneotshhe Finally the whiteman must have gotten sleepy. (Croft 1988:24:17). out of sight. Notes (Phonology) vs Final: -ohoo'e. The following warning would be given to people, cautioning them to be alert to the dangers of winter blizzards: Antonym: -m'hoo'e.
H'e nstav'ho'htsme. ta-ta'hoo'e Hma'e. ohkenonehtse ma'taamhemhonstove.
-ta'hoo'e vai. swim (of fish, ducks, beavers, snakes, et al); wade (of people). ta-ta'hoo'e He waded
Don't go far from the camp. The Beaver (constellation) has swum out of sight (in the Fall). Go in pairs when you go hunting.
-ta'o'hotse vai. run out of sight. ta-ta'o'hotse. He ran out of sight. -ta''a' vii. blown out of sight. -ta'''o. It got blown out of sight. Redup = -tata''a' ta'om- i. way (be in); obstruct; block; interrupt. -ta'omho'he vai. drive obstructing, block with car. -ta'omho'he. He got in the way driving his car. -ta'oma'haso'he vai. ride horse obstructing. -ta'oma'haso'he. He got in the way riding horse. -ta'oma' vai. block. -ta'om'o. He blocked. fai: -a'. See: -ta'ome'e. -ta'oma'ohts vti. obstruct s.t., block s.t. -ta'oma'htse heno'heo'o. He bunted (that is, obstructed his
bat).
-ta'ma'o'e
vii. be obstructed; obscured ground. thhe tsstam'a'xse tss-ta'ma'o'etse ssavomhesesto when he came over the hill there where it had been obscured he didn't see (the horse) (1987:170). Final: -ma'o'e.
-ta'oma'ov vta. head off s.o.; be in the way for s.o. ?? -ta'oma'ovho. He headed him off. -ta'oman vta. put s.o. in the way. -ta'omanho. He put him in the way. me'-ta'omne 'hno. He
used the cloth as a doorway for a tepee.
ta'ome- pv. in the way; in the road; hinder; obstruct; block; interrupt. -ta'omeamehtse He's walking in
the way (for example, hindering someone's progress). hns-ta'ome-estseotse He interrupted (REBUKE.TXT). -ta'omen'e He stood in the way (for example, "Jesus has stood in the way to protect us, to shield us from punishment; i.e. he took the rap for us"). See: m'ta'ome-; hestomahe.
-ta'omehn vai. walk obstructing. -ta'omhne He walked in the way (that is, obstructing). -ta'omhht vti. approach and get in the way of s.t. -ta'omhhta. He approached and got in the way
of it. fti: -ehht.
-ta'omht
vta. walk in front of s.o. -ta'omhoto. He's walking in front of him. ohksata'omhheheo'o. They (medicine people) are not walked in front of.
-ta'omemohe vai. run in the way. -ta'omemohe. He's running toward the road / he's running in the
way.
-ta'ome'e vai. stand obstructing. -ta'ome'e He is standing in the way. -ta'ome'e vai. stand in the way. -ta'ome'e. He's standing in the way. See: -ta'omee lie in the
way; -ta'omoo'e sit in the way.
-ta'omstnan vai. blockade. -ta'omstnne. He blockaded. See: -amst'enen; -nma''stnan. -ta'omee vai. lie in the way; block the way; lie in the door; lie obstructing. See: -t'hee; -nhpee. ta'ome. He's lying in the way.
-ta'omem vta. place s.o. in the way. -ta'omemho. He placed him in the way. -ta'om' vai. vii. float in the way. -ta'om'o. It floated in the way. For example, of a log that stops up a
creek.
-ta'ome'e vai. stand in the way ?? -ta'ome'e He was standing at the road. ta'omoes'hesttse na. apron. or other similar covering. Nhone'vo ta'omoeso'hesttse. I'm wearing
an apron. tsohketa'omoesenase vo'nhanstva curtain window).Pl: ta'omoes'hestoto. Obviative: ta'omoes'hestoto. (lit. that which covers a
-ta'omo'hotse vai. run obstructing. -ta'omo'hotse. He ran in the way. -ta'om'a'h vii. blocked by something blown. -ta'om''ha. It was blown by the wind and blocks the
way. fii: -'a'h.
-ta'om'ohe vai. tree; bush obstruct. 'hkeema'xe-ta'om'heo'o heneno there used to be a growth of
rose (bushes) obstructing (1987:255).
-ta'omo't vii. sit in the way. -ta'om'ta. It's sitting in the way. -ta'omneee vai. lie ropelike in the way. -ta'omne. (The snake) is lying in the way. -ta'omnov
vai. interrupt, cut into a conversation. -ta'omnva. He interrupted / cut into the conversation. fai: -nov.
-ta'omoo'e vai. sit in the way. -ta'omoo'e. He's sitting in the way. -ta'omotse'ohe vai. work in the way. -ta'omotse'ohe. He worked in the way. ta'ov- i. angry. -ta'ovn vai. frown. -ta'ovne. He's frowning. -ta'ovnee'e vai. sit with mean face. -ta'ovnee'e. He's sitting with a mean face. Ta'ovn'e na. Frowning Woman. -ta'ovn' vai. frown. -ta'ovn'o. He's frowning. -ta'ove'e vai. stand angry, stand mad. -ta'ove'e. He's mad standing (there). -ta'oveotse vai. frown (??). -ta'oveotse. He frowned. Tse-ta'oveotseo'o. They will get mad (lit. frown)
for good. (This is esp. said of an unborn or newborn babies; "babies can sense how we feel or think about them. The 'for good' part of the meaning is simply implied.).
-ta'ovee vai. lie angry. -ta'ove. He's lying angry. -ta'ovhne vai. sign mad, sign angry. -ta'ovhne. He's signing that he's mad/angry. fai: -ohon. -ta'ovnov vai. talk until angry. -ta'ovnva. He talked until he was angry. -ta'ovom vta. angry at s.o. forever. -ta'ovomho. He's mad at him forever. -ta'ovomhtseo'o They
are mad at each other forever. See: -nstam; -ta'oveotse.
-ta'ovotse'ohe vai. angrily work, work angrily. -ta'ovotse'ohe. He got mad at work. ta'p- i. weak. -ta'pahe vai. be weak. -ta'pahe Antonym: -he'konahe. See: -vahe; -he'keta; -ta'pose.
-ta'phen -ta'pho'he -ta'pno'xe
vai. be a crybaby. -ta'phene. He is a crybaby. BodyPartMedial: -n. See: -ta'pahe; hehphahe; -shpheneotse. vai. weak with reference to heat, can't stand heat. See: -ta'pahe. Antonym: -t'pose. ta'pho'he. He can't stand the heat.
[PD979]Literally:
vai. go to bed early. meaning uncertain. -ta'pno'xe. He goes to sleep early. (be.)weak-(concerning).sleep. Final: -no'xe. See: -ta'pose; -hano'xe.
-ta'psth vai. moody; weak ??Literally: weak-hearted. -ta'pstha. He is moody. -ta'pee vai. lie weakly. for instance, maybe bones are aching and the person can't stand to keep lying
there. -ta'pe. He can't stand to lie there.
-t'po'eh vta. weaken s.o. -t'po'ehho. He weakened him. -ta'poo'e vai. sit in a dangerous place, sit in a weak spot. -ta'poo'e. He's sitting in a dangerous place. -ta'pose vai. easily chilled.Literally: weak-cold. -ta'pose. He gets cold easily. N-ta'pose. I get cold
easily. Final: -ose; Antonym: -hose. See: -ta'pho'he; -ta'pahe; -ta'pno'xe.
ta'se p. like; as; similar to. often used as a hedge or hesitation marker in speech. See: hp'e; hva;
ta'shma; hotoo. ta'shama I guess. ta'se nee "You look like a mourner!". (this was said when people first started cutting hair). tsohkee=ta'se=hhan'oevose ma'heono those, like, who
are close to the spirits.
ta'se hthtse p. supposedly, I thought ... Notes (Phonology) contracts to close to ta'stse See: ma'se;
txhs'e. ta'stse nhovheve I thought I was an animal. ta'stse nhevoo'o I thought he said that. ta'stse h'the hena'hanhe I thought this was the one (but it wasn't). ta'stse ts'the nehaneoesthno mvamseeenhhe I thought I already killed this one. He must have come back to life. [JOURNEY.TXT] ta'stse v'ho'e I thought (you were/became) a whiteman (this is
a put down to an Indian who people feel has left "typical" Indian ways; esp. said when s.o. has been gone from the reservation for a long time and/or has gotten an advanced education).
t'shma p. maybe; 'Isn't that right?'. See: ta'se; h'e; he'hma; hva. ta'ta'- i. open, unlock. -ta'ta'a'hahts vti. throw open s.t. See: -nsta'hahts. -ta'ta'a'hhtse He threw it (for example, door)
open.
-ta'ta'as vta. cut open s.o. -ta'ta'sho He cut him open. -ta'ta'ax vti. cut open s.t. -ta'ta'xa He cut it open. -ta'ta'e'h vai. fly out of sight. i.e. go out of sight while flying. -ta'ta''ha He flew out of sight. Notes
(Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -ta'e'h. See: -home'h; -m'e'h; -ta'ehn.
-ta'ta'e''ts vti. open s.t. stamhae-ta'ta'e''tsenoho hestoome He opened up his blanket (here treated
as inan.) (Croft 1988:25:42).
-ta'ta'ema'en vti. open s.t./s.o. -ta'ta'ema'na He opened it (especially, a book).

vta. -ta'ta'ema'enho. He opened him.
-ta'ta'emstaa'e
vai. zipper open. See: -ta'ta's'ee'e. -ta'ta'emstaa'e. His zipper is open. Notes (Phonology) vs
-ta'ta'en vti. open s.t., uncover s.t., turn on s.t. -ta'ta'na. He opened it. Ta'ta'nhtse! Open it! (for
example, a door, cooking pot, jar) / Turn it on! (for example, a radio or T.V.). Nvheestse nhhe hne maahtse tsh-ta'ta'ene. I spoke that way when the (Sacred) Arrows were exposed.
[1987:99-100]
vta. open s.o. -ta'ta'enho. He opened him. Antonym: -nhpo'an. See: -ta'ta'ema'en; -ta'ta'oh; nstan; -htxa'n.
ta'ta'enen'o ni. can opener. See: ta'ta'h'o. -ta'ta'enomev vta. open (something) for s.o. See: -hostomev. -ta'ta'enomevho He opened it for him.
Nohke-ta'ta'enomenone ma'henxe'stoo'o tshehetohameestsstove He opened God's Word to us the way it is explained (or illustrated). Nstssathe'e-ta'ta'enomnhnvo Tsstshsthse h'the manesttse. You Cheyennes will not be permitted to take this drink.
(1987:56).
-ta'ta'eotse vii. open. taome-ta'ta'eotse. It opened by itself. -ta'ta's'ee'e vai. have exposed crotch; open fly. See: -ta'ta'emstaa'e. -ta'ta's'ee'e His/Her crotch
is exposed / His/her zipper is down. Notes (Phonology) vs Medial: -s'.
-ta'ta'e' vai. vii. open up (of a river). -ta'ta''o. It opened up. See: -ta'ta'eotse. -ta'ta'eotse vii. open up (of a river). -ta'ta'eotse. (The river) opened up. -ta'ta'oh vti. unlock; open s.t. by tool. -ta'ta'ha. He unlocked it. (for example, unlocked door with a
key). Ta'ta'htse! Unlock it! See: -ta'ta'en.
ta'ta'henesttse ni. can opener.Literally: opening-thing. See: ta'ta'h'o; ta'ta'enen'o. ta'ta'h'o

ni. key.Literally: opener. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: ta'ta'heontse. See: ta'ta'enen'o; ta'ta'henesttse.
-ta'ta'oh(n) vta. open s.o. -ta'ta'hnho. He opened him (e.g. fruit). -ta'ta'o't vii. open, unlocked. for example, of a door that is unlocked. -ta'ta''ta. It's open. vti: ta'ta''ts. See: -ta'ta'en; -nsto't; -nhpo'ohe.
-ta'ta'o'ts vti. open s.t. right away, unlock s.t. right away. for example, to quickly unlock a door or
turn on water to flow through a hose. Ta'ta''tsstse! Open it now! vii: -ta'ta'o't; Antonym: no'tov'o'ts. See: -ta'ta'en; -nsto't; -nhpo'ohe.
-ta'ta'ovn vti. open up s.t. (of liquid). -ta'ta'ovna. He's opening it up. for example, opening up
an irrigation ditch. Medial: -ov.
-ta'ta'ovnen vai. open irrigation ditches. -ta'ta'ovnne. He's opening irrigation ditches. Medial: ov.
-ta'ta'ovotse vii. open by water. -ta'ta'ovotse. Water made it open. for instance, could be of a
dam broken open by flood water. Final: -ov.
t'the
pro. that one (an.); these (an.). cliticizes to a following word, especially a noun it is modifying. t't=hetane that man. See: ts'the; nhe.
-ta'tvax vti. trace cut s.t. -ta'tvxa He traced-cut it (for example, cut around a pattern). fti: -ax. -ta'xhtsenvo'ee vai. fall and cut lip. -ta'xhtsenvo'e. He fell and cut his lip. -ta'xhtsenvo'oh(n) vta. cut lip of s.o. -ta'xhtsenvo'hnho. He busted his (other person's) lip. -ta'xas
vta. slit s.o., gash s.o. N-ta'xso. I slit him (for example, surgeon's first cut on skin). Reduplicated: -tot'xas.
-ta'xeesvo'as vta. cut nose of s.o. N-ta'xeesvo'so. I cut his nose. See: -po'ees's??; -tamees. -ta'xe'pa'onvo'as vta. cut back of s.o. -ta'xe'pa'onvo'sho. He cut him on the back. -ta'xeoestas vta. cut s.o. suddenly ?? N-ta'xeoestso I cut him (suddenly?). [Croft] -t'xeoeee vai. lie cut up ?? -t'xeoee. He had a cut. ?? See: -t'xevo'ee; -heoeee. -ta'xetanhoestas vta. cut breast of s.o. a traditional form of self-mutilation to indicate grief ?? ta'xetanhoestxestse She cut her breast(s). [Croft] Medial: -tanah.
-ta'xev
mbp. testicle. -neta'xevhtse He has pain in the testicle(s). -pheta'xevotse He has swollen testicles. 2 get screwed (of a woman). Usage: fig..
-ta'xevo'ee vai. 1 lie cut up. -ta'xevo'e. He got cut up in a fall/accident. See: -t'xeoeee. ta'xevtse
na. testicle. ma-ta'xevtse testicle. na-ta'xevtse my testicle. na-ta'xevoto my testicles. AlternatePlural: na-ta'xevono. he-ta'xevoto his testicle(s). AlternatePlural: heta'xevono.Pl: ta'xevoto. Obviative: ta'xevoto. Etymology: *me0e'iwa (Pi) testicle.
tam- i. stubby, blunt. tamhhe na. old woman, old lady. Contracted pronunciation of younger speakers today; the traditional
pronunciation is mhtamhhe.Variant: mhtamhhe.
Tamees'e na. Cut Nose Woman.
-tamees vai. have a stubby nose. -tamese. He has a short stubby nose. Etymology: *0emikwe0e:wa
(Go88). Medial: -es.
-tameesh(n) vta. cut off end of nose of s.o. -tameesehno. He cut off the end of his nose. [pd745] -tameesvo'as vta. cut nose of s.o. short. In the old days a man could this to his wife when she was
unfaithful to him; it brought great shame upon her. -tameesvo'sho He cut her/his nose off short.
-tame'st'o vai. have ears laid back, esp. of a horse. -tame'st'o. earsback.wav He's got his ears back. -tame'stotse vai. lay ears back. esp. of a horse. -tame'stotse. He lay his ears back. tamena'vestse'he na. t-shirt. See: oo'ena'evestse'he ?[.Literally: stubby-sleeved-shirt. -tameht
vai. Medial: -ht, -(hk)ht.have a stubby leg. -tamehta He has a short/stubby leg. Etymology: *0emika:te:wa.
-tameotse vai. become bent over. -tameotse. He can't straighten up (for example, from a sore back). -tamvs vai. dehorned. -tamvs. He's dehorned. Reduplicated: -totmvs. -tam vii. stubby; blunt. -tmo. It is blunt. tamh'o
na. club, police baton.Pl: tamheono. Obviative: tamheono. See: thoo'e; thohko; ma'xethoo'o; vohesttse. Etymology: *temaha:kani axe (Pe79:333) > English 'tomahawk'.
-tamhtaxe vai. have bangs (in hair). -tamhtaxe He has bangs.Literally: blunt-cut. -tana na. breast (poss.). See: matana2 milk. ma-tana breast. he-tanne her breast(s). Na'stse he-tanne
po'sho. One of her breasts was cut off (for example, during a mastectomy). nepo'xho he-tanne. She had a double mastectomy (lit. her breasts were both cut off). Medial: -tanah. Usage: rare in sg.. Etymology: *me0eni.Pl: ma-tanne.
-tanah
mbp. breast. he-tanha. She has lots of milk. hvoe-tanhno'hme. He's milking (lit. wring-breasts-(of) stock). pnoe-tanh'o. She is dried up (that is, her milk is dried up). See: matana1 breast.
-tane fna. person; man. mneetaneo'o young people (1987:12). mmhthtaneo'o traditional religious
people; medicine people. Hevhetane Southern Cheyenne. Hevhetan'e Southern Cheyenne woman. oetaneo'o Crows (Indians). See: hetane; vo'stane; hstanheo'o. Etymology: *lenyiw.
-tanehe vai. ashamed, embarrassed, shy. -tanehe. He was embarrassed. naa nosee-tanehe And I'm
really ashamed. (1987:296). [1987:287, 293] vta: -tanhevo'eh. See: -e'hahtohe. Etymology: cf. M tekiisew; *tekwe:siwa (Go88).
-tanheotse vai. become embarrassed, ashamed, become shy. -tanheotse. He got embarrassed. vta: tanhetsstov.
-tanhtsest
vti. ashamed of s.t. -tanhtssta. He is ashamed of it. -tanhetsstnvo tshe'enstsvse. They are ashamed of how they talk. ms-tanhetssthhe heme'ko tsssav'hem'konse. He was ashamed because he had no hair on his head (he had been
scalped). [(1987:287)]
-tanhetsstov
vta. embarrassed by s.o., have in-law respect toward s.o. -tanhetsstovho He is ashamed of him ?/he is embarrassed to talk to him. staohksatne'exaeho'eohhehoo'o. Mstaohketanhetsstovhevhe hevxaho. She didn't dare go near there (the tepee). She had inlaw respect for her son-in-law. (1987:270). Synonym: -tanhevo'eh; vai: -tanehe. See: -e'hahtov; -tanhevo'eh; -tanhetsstovomotah.
-tanhetsstovomotah vta. be ashamed for s.o. See: -tanhev. N-tanhetsstovomotho. I felt shame
for him. See: -tanhetsstov.
-tanhev vta. be ashamed for s.o. N-tanhvo I felt shame for him. See: -tanhetsstovomotah. -tanhevo'eh vta. embarrass s.o., shame s.o. -tanhevo'eeho. He embarrassed him. N-tanhevo'eeha.
I'm ashamed of him.
-tanhevo'ee'e
vai. shy from being teased. -tanhevo'ee'e. He is shy from being teased. Notes (Phonology) vs
-tanhevomotah vta. ashamed for s.o. -tanhevomothho. He was embarrassed for him.
-tanev mbp. tongue. See: vtanove. -'koetanev'o He stuck his tongue out. -netanevhtse He has
pain in the tongue. -nshkonvetanva He equivocates/lies (lit. has a split tongue). tshe'setanva He has a long tongue. -vhpetanva He has "thrush" (lit. white-tongue). N'koe-tanev'tvo I stuck my tongue out at him.
-tanvtssta vti. consider s.t. a shame. -tanvtssta. He considers it a shame. [pd62] -tanevo'e vii. crowd. he-tanevo'e. It is a big crowd. hontse-tanevoo'e. The crowd subsided. tan
fai. want; feel; mind; think; desire; mental state; urge; mood. takes AI stems or initials as
complement, and requires that the semantic subject of the complement be the same as the semantic subject of the matrix verb (that is, Equi-Subject constraint). Nphve-tno. I'm happy. Nmsh-tno. I want to eat. Nhn-tno. I want to pray. use with a semantically transitive stem as complement requires that the verb first be detransitivized; if it cannot be detransitivized then other morphosyntactic possibilities must be utilized, such as using a different matrix verb in conjunction with a separate verb (typically of the conjunct order) as complement. Nvsthmhts-tno. I want to be helped. nae-tno. He is dying; he is in the state of dying ??. an-tno. She is in labor. mmse-tno. He has the urge to defecate. o'hn-tno. He has the urge to eliminate (defecate). feeling as of a physical condition is referred to with the final -omhtahe. See: -tsest; -tam; -ho'ahe. vta: -tan'tov.
-tan'tov vta. want s.o. to do (s.t.). takes AI stems or initials as complement, and requires that the
semantic subject of the complement be the same as the semantic subject of the matrix verb (that is, Equi-Subject constraint). mnme'ethe'hase-tan'tovoo'o I will NEVER want them to leave. use with a semantically transitive stem as complement requires that it first be detransitivized; if it cannot be detransitivized then other morphosyntactic possibilities must be utilized, such as use of a different matrix verb in conjunction with a separate verb (typically of the conjunct order) as complement. Nvom-tan'tvo. I want to see him. Nvomtan'tovtse. I want to see you.
-tanna'ov fta. influence s.o. ?? nhetanna'ovho. He wanted him to be that way. ?? Tanoohts'e na. Left Behind Woman ?? taohenhe na. surveyor.Pl: tohenheo'o. See: taohovve'ho'e. taohene of so many miles in distance. nexa taohene two miles (in distance). taohovve'ho'e na. surveyor. See: taohenhe. taome- pv. by self, on one's own, by oneself. See: -ta'ome; a'e'e-. -taomemanstse. He made it by
himself. sa-taomemxe'stnheo'o They did not write by themselves. -taomeametanne He has his own ways (you can't tell him anything). Tse-taometnso. It will be that way by itself. (Idiomatic meaning, something like, "Whatever will happen will happen" or "Whatever will be will be."). -taomhtsenhtvenestse nephponneehhame your tapeworm can almost talk by itself (humorous expression said when your stomach is growling). -taomenhehahtse. He brought it on himself. -taomev'keno'e. He brought something (for example, a black eye) on himself due to drinking wine. Can be used in sarcastic retorts, such as 'Taomenheeha!' in this entry. Taomenheeha! Tell him yourself! Speaker A: hvsveno'e vtkvhonoo'o; Speaker B: naa me'-taomhonohe Speaker A: The frybread tastes different (something like a complaint); Speaker B: Well, just go fry your own! (lit. it should fry on its own?). This preverb with a following htse- seems to give an idiomatic sense of 'simply cannot (for example, there is no explanation for it)' to constructions, for example: -taomhtshestovotse He's so foxy that all he lacks is ears (lit. With difficulty he has his own ears). -taomhtsexo'sotse He's terribly angry (for example, red in the face, furious, maybe hopping up and down with anger; lit. he is so angry he almost caught fire ??). taom-htshestsevvee He's so evil (= like a devil; lit. He just can't have horns(?)). -taomhtsemsehe He just can't eat.
-taomeametan vai. think independently only. does not listen to advice from others, considered a
negative thing to Cheyennes. Nstsev'-taomeametno! Don't have a mind of your own! ohketaomeametno. He doesn't listen to advice. See: -ametan.
taomho'emaovhtsesttse ni. self government. Usage: neologism. -taomhtsen vai. almost die. -taomhtsna. He almost died. See: -htsenaa'e; -naeotse. -taomhtsenaa'e vai. almost die. -taomhtsenaa'e. He almost died. See: -taomhtsen; -naeotse; taome; -htse.
-too'e vai. fit. -too'e. He fits. mhe-toeo'o. They all fit. vti: -ta'. See: -teotse; -te'e. -taose vti. save (s.t.); keep (s.t.) in reserve. -taose. He saved (it). -taosnvo They saved it. See: hvsan; -vo'stanvstman; -taotse.
taose-k'konxe'stnesttse ni. computer. Usage: neologism developed by fluent Ch speakers in a

current (1995) reservation program to create new Ch words, especially for modern technological or medical terms.Literally: saving-typewriter.
-taotse vai. yawn. -taotse. He yawned. See: -teotse. Etymology: cf. *ta:wa0wa. tsepv. had to . -tsemsehe. He had to eat. N-tseho'tahtse! You think you're so smart!Variant: tse-. See: me'h'ke-; -h'ke-.
-tth'heneve vai. be a scoffer. -tth'heneve He is a scoffer. -tathkma'o'e vii. rough ground. -tathkma'o'e. It is rough ground. See: -pop'oma'o'e. -tata'ho'he vai. drive out of sight. -tata'ho'he. He drove out of sight. -tata'a'haso'he vai. ride horse out of sight. -tata'a'haso'he. He rode horse out of sight. tata'e- pv. seen from a distance. This can be sighting from quite a distance, and it seems to focus upon
the observer not being at the scene. The one who sees is not a grammatical participant marked on the verb. As such, this preverb seems to parallel the ho'he- 'overhear' preverb. tata'enna. (I saw) him from a distance putting it away.
-tata'eehe vai. move out of sight, disappear moving. -tata'eehe. He moved out of sight. fai: -eehe. -tat'eohts vai. disappear. only used with pl. subjects. -tat'eohtseo'o They went out of sight. Nonreduplicated: -ta'eohts. Notes (Phonology) redup
-tata''a' vii. blown out of sight. -tata'''o. It was blown out of sight. NonRedup = -ta''a' -tata'o'as fire go out of sight. -tata'o'se. The fire went out of sight. -tata'o't vii. open.Literally: open-sit. -tata''ta. It is open. ttsei. scoffingly, make fun, derisive. -ttsevo'stanheve He doesn't take life seriously. Reduplicated: tottse-.
-ttsn vai. have a contemptible face. -ttsne He has a contemptible face. -ttsetan vai. deride, scoff, joke, taunt, make fun of. -ttsetno. He is a scoffer/is not serious/he is
always joking or making fun. Nstsev'ee-ttsetanme! Do not (you pl.) make fun! (1987:236). See: -t'hohtahe.
-ttsetan't vti. make fun of; deride s.t. naa mato hov'he nohkevsee=ta'se=ttsetan'the and I
don't make fun of anything (1987:212). See: -tot'hosetan't.
-ttsetan'tov
vta. mock s.o., taunt s.o. -ttsetan'tovho. He taunted him. N-ttsetan'tova. He mocked you. See: -tot'hosem.
tv-1 i. goofy; stupid; silly. See: tve-. -tvomhtahe He's drunk (he-stupid-feels). -tvahe He's goofy. tv-2 i. slightly; sort of; a little. -tvhtomne He's hard ?? of hearing. Preverb: tve-. -tvahe vai. goofy; stupid; silly; retarded; foolish. -tvahe. He is goofy/foolish. vta: -tvo'eh. See: mshnee'e; -tveotse; -ononstahe; -tvomhtahe.
-tvho'he vai. goofy from heat. tve-tvho'he. He's kind of crazy from the heat. -tvhtomn
vai. slightly hard of hearing. -tvhtomne. He's slightly hard of hearing. This pronunciation is more common than -tvhtomn.Variant: -tvhtomn. fai: -ahtomn.
-tvano'xe vai. silly from lack of sleep. -tvano'xe. He is silly (or 'crazy') from lack of sleep. -tve'e vai. drunk slightly. -tve'e. He's slightly drunk. tve- pv. slightly, sort of, a little. -tvetonto. It's slightly cold / It's chilly. -tvhoo'kho. It's slightly
raining. -tveonhta He's slightly deaf (1987:179). -tveononovahe. He's slightly not all there. tsestae-tvea'en'netotse when it got a little darker (1987:296). Antonym: he'kone-. See: tke'e; tke'e-; tv-.
Taveenv'e na. Blue Feather Woman. Non-contracted: Ot'taveenv'e.
-tveman vai. act goofy; goofy pretend; -tvmne. He's talking like he doesn't know what's going
on. fai: -man2.
-tvenaoestoh(n) vta. knock out s.o. -tvenaoesthnho. He knocked him out. -tvn vai. goofy face. -tvne. He has a goofy looking face. -tvenohe vai. look goofy. -tvenohe. He looks goofy. -tveotse vai. become goofy. -tveotse. He's become goofy. -tvstaohts vai. have a headache. N-tvstahtse. I have a headache. -tvee vai. lie goofy. -tve. He's lying goofy. -tv vii. be goofy; be off (in the sense of not proper). Antonym: -on'. -tvo. It is 'off'/it is goofy. vai: tvahe.
-tvoe'e vai. stand looking goofy. -tvoe'e. He's standing with a goofy look. -tvo'eh vta. make a fool of s.o., make s.o. crazy. typically said of a woman who keeps taking back
her philandering husband. Hehme tvo'eh'e. Her husband made a fool of her. vai: -tvahe.
-tvo'etahe vai. do something goofy. -tvo'etahe. He did something goofy. -tvomhtahe -tvonoo'e
vai. feel stupid, feel goofy, goofy feeling. -tvomhtahe. He's feeling goofy. tsohv'e-tvomhthstove drugs (lit., that which causes goofy feelings). See: -tvahe. vai. sit goofy. -tvonoo'e (slang) he's sitting there like a "dummy"/goofy person. Usage: slang. Notes (Phonology) vs
-tvonoo'e vai. sit looking stupid. -tvonoo'e. He is sitting looking stupid. -tvnov vai. talk foolishly. -tvnva. He's talking foolishly. tx- i. top (on). See: th-. txh'enesttse ni. grill.Literally: on top cooking thing. Usage: neologism. txhonoo'o ni. skillet bread. See: tho'khonoo'o; mstaevhonoo'o. Notes (Phonology) vs -txsome
vai. poop on. of birds, animals, and people; cruder word than -o'ehn. -txsome. He pooped on (something). -txsmeo'o. They pooped on. fai: -asme. See: -o'ehn; -me'kahe.
-txe'e vai. drink on. -txe'e. He was drinking (while driving my car). txe- pv. upon. -txe-amehtse. He's walking upon. txe-mshesttse table (lit. upon-eating-thing). tx-soxemho. He spread him (for example, tablecloth) upon (for example, upon a table). Tx-soxemeha! Spread him out! N-txe-va'ontse ho'hon'e. I fell on top of the rock. See: tho'ke-.
-txeetn vai. have plenty of meat. Naa nhe'e msta-txeetnhevhe, hena'hanhe hne mshesttse
tsstama'xeamhvse. And then they had plenty, that's when they got plenty of food. Synonym: -tshetonv. See: -heesenehe; oethme- ??.
[1987:96]
txhahtahttse ni. footstool.Pl: txhahthtottse. -txhahts vti. place s.t. on top. -txhhtse. He put it on top. fti: -hahts. txhas'o ni. cape. -txehn vai. walk upon. -txhne. He walked on top (of something). See: -tho'ne'e. -txhn'tov vta. walk upon s.o. -txhn'tovho He walked upon him. Reduplicated: -totxhn'tov. -txhhtse vai. tracks go on top. -txhhtse His tracks are on top. ame-txhhtse. His tracks go
along on top. (for example, on top of the rock). Final: -hohts.
txhonnesttse ni. grill.Literally: on.top-bake-thing. txht vta. walk on s.o. -txe'see'e vai. sit on (something). -txe'see'e. He's sitting upon (a chair etc.). -txe'seo'o. They
are sitting upon (something). Notes (Phonology) vs BodyPartMedial: -'es.
-txe'seots'tov vta. sit on s.o. sta-txe'seotsnsesto. He sat on (the rock). [Croft 1988:28:9]
txe'sesttse ni. chair; seat.Literally: upon-buttocks-sit-thing. Pl: txe'sestottse. -txe'h vai. fly on top. -tx'ha. He flew on top. -txe'hahtaa'e
vai. sit with feet elevated. -txe'hahtaa'e. He's sitting with his feet elevated. BodyPartMedial: -haht. 2 be in a bad mood. Hevohe n-txe'h'tova. You are in a bad mood. (lit., the devil is fluttering over you). Usage: idiom. See: -hesto'tov.
-txe'h'tov vta. 1 flutter over s.o.; fly over s.o. -txe'h'tovho. He fluttered over him.
-txe'hoh'tov
vta. fly on top of s.o., mate s.o. while flying. can refer to how birds mate. txe'hoh'tovho. He flew above her.
-txemohe vai. struggle to get on. -txemohe. He's struggling to get on. txemshesttse
ni. table.Literally: upon-eat-thing. Pl: txemshestottse. Oblique: txemshstva. See: thoxe'stnesttse.
txemxe'stnesttse ni. desk.Literally: upon-write-thing. See: thoxe'stnesttse. Txena'hne na. Killsontop. -txeee vai. alight on; land on. -txee. He alighted on. ohkevee'heo'o vkshemstaeo'o mato
mhene h'etxeeenvhtse nhhe vo'stane tshemhenstse mato m'hkevhovneehehhe mato 'hkemhaenheto'e'heo'o Owls are also feared. When they
alighted on a house, there the person who owned the house, also (it was believed) he would die, that was what they (owls) were blamed for. (1987:214). vta: -txee'tov.
-txee'tov vta. alight on; land on s.o. ns-txee'tova ma'xev'kso A big bird will land on you
(VISION.TXT:1).
-txeohe vai. walk upon. -txeohe. He walked on (something). -txe'e

vai. vti. stand on (something). -txe'e. He's standing on (something). fai: -. See: ho'n'e'e.
-txee vai. lie upon. -txe. He lay upon. Nhhe s-txenhoo'o. He lay on top (of the catchpit)
there. [1987:315]
-txem
vta. place s.o. upon. -txemho. He placed him upon (for example, on a table). ohkevemovo na'stse naa nee ohke-txemovo They put one (lodgepole) down and they put two on top (1987:222). Final: -eem.
txeto p. upon; on top; the divide (for example, between Lame Deer and Ashland). -txevo'oh(n) vta. hit s.o. on top. for example, to hit a ball (animate) on top of a house or car. txevo'hnho. He hit him on top (of something).
-txevonehn
vai. get on. for example, get on a horse, car, or an airplane. See: -e'evonehn. txevonhne. He got on. Txevonhnstse! Get on! Ns-txevonhnstse! Get on! Synonym: 'evonehn.
-txevonhn'tov vta. get on s.o. M'osane-txevonhnhenothe. He got on (the horse). [1987:170] -txevoneohe vai. get on (esp. on a horse). See: -txevonehn. msta-txevoneohehhe She got on (her
horse). (1987:289).
txhs'e p. probably, suppose. epistemic particle of strong exclamation; more certainty that something is true
than he'hma. Txhs'e tahstnvesstse?! What do you suppose he has done again?! [Croft 1988:28:15] Txhs'e nno'kee'e. I suppose you're (staying) by yourself (again). [1987:393)] See: tx'e; ma'she; he'hma.
tx'e p. again and again. See: txhse'e. he tx'e nstssa'nenhhe Hey, again and again don't keep
repeating that (1987:175).
-t1 pro. first person sg. AI conjunct suffix. tshnaots-to when I was sleeping. tsxhoms-to when I
cooked. tshman-to when I drank. Etymology: *-(y)a:n. See: -tn.
-t2 pro. conjunct suffix for inanimate sg. subject. tshnehv-to it itself. See: -tn. to- i. cool. -toome. It's cool liquid. -toha. It's lying cold. -tno. It (some object) is cold. See: tont; -tootoman.
-to sfx. adverbalizer. txeto upon. on'semeto truly. ameto as time went on. -to pro. you, second person sg. AI conjunct suffix, second person sg. TI conjunct suffix. tshnaotse-to
when you were sleeping. ts'estse-to when you spoke. tshmane-to when you drank. Hnov'e tsmse-to? What did you eat? Etymology: *-(y)an.
-ta'ov vta. be just like; be the same as; disguise as; pretend to be; represent; take the place of, copy;
imitate; be proxy for s.o. can be used of s.o. who is so much like a deceased child that the parent of the deceased speaks of this person with this term. -ta'ovho. He imitated him/he disguised himself as him/he represented him/he pretended to be him. (for example, when putting on a buffalo skin in the Mshome to represent the buffalo). Ta'oveha ka'kne! Pretend you're a child! See: -to'stseh; -toxe'ov; t'-; -hetov.
tasvoo'e p. which? See: tasvoo'e. te- pv. copy, repeatedly, pass down through generations. N-temanstse. I copied this (lit. I made this
by copying). Netao'o hov'he n-tem'stomvatsnvo. I have relayed everything to you (plural). See: -toxe'stne; -tohevv'an; teneeto.
toeamke ni. Vicks. See: amke.Literally: cool-grease. -toees vai. cold nose. N-toese. My nose is cold. BodyPartMedial: -es. -toeh vii. Final: -(e)h.lie cold. -toha It is lying cold. -toehnstse mentse the berries are lying cold. -toehaht vai. have cold feet. -toehhta. He has cold feet. See: -n'tshahtvose. Medial: -haht. -toehahtohts
vai. have cold feet. N-toehahthtse. My feet are cold. Medial: -haht; Synonym: n'tshahtvose.
-toehane'nhtsee'e vai. sit with hands folded behind the head (that is, nape). N-toehane'nhtsee'e I
am sitting with my hands folded behind my head. Medial: -hane'.
-tehane'e vai. Medial: -hane'.fall on nape. See: -pne. -tehane'e He fell on the back of his
head.
-toehe'on vai. Medial: -he'on.have cold hands. -toehe'na He has cold hands. Thn'e na. Holding Woman. See: -toen. -toe' vti. hold s.t. with foot. See: -toe'ov; -toen. -to'a He held it with his foot. vta: -toe'ov. -te'e'a' vai. jump on after the first person. -te'e''o. He jumped on after the first person. -te'e'tov vta. face s.o. -te'ee'tovho. He is face to face with him. -toe'est vai. ears cold. N-toe'sta. My ears are cold. -toe'ov vta. hold s.o. down with foot or leg. -toe'ovho. He held him down with his foot (or leg). Ntoe'vo. I held him down with my foot. Etymology: *netahkweskawa:wa. vti: -toe'. See: -toen; ho'en'tov.
-te'pa'onxen
back.
vai. Medial: -'pa'on.fall on back. See: -to'pa'on'ov. -te'pa'onxe He fell on his
-toe'vaen vti. tie up s.t. quickly. Hestone'ontse sta-toe'vaenhoontse. She tied her clothes in a
bundle. (1987:291). vta. tie up s.o. quickly. See: -too'ehe; -too'et.
te'tv'e p. same to you, return. va-te'tv'e! The same to you! -toen vti. hold s.t. -tona. He held on to it.
vta. hold s.o. -toenho. He held him. Nee mo'hno'hme nh-toenoo'o. I was holding two horses. (1987:114). Nhe'kone-tono ma'heo'o. I'm really/firmly hanging on to God (= am solidly trusting in him). Ho'emanesttse -toenaa'e. The law grabbed him (= he's on probation). Nta-toentse; nstaast''o. I'll hold on to you; you might get blown away by the wind. Etymology: *netahkwena:wa. See: -toe'ov; -toeveno; -ton'e't; -ton'e'tov.
toe(n)- i. hold. toenei. nail. -toenena. He nailed it by hand. ?? N-toeneha. I nailed it by tool. toeneoheo'o (toneoheo'o ??) nail.
-ton vai. cold face. Nosee-tone. My face is cold. -toene'ho't vii. cold room. -toene'h'ta. It is cold in the room. See: tonseomeo'e; -ne'ho't. toen'o ni. handle (of cup). See: toeneko. Notes (Phonology) vs; gr toeneko ni. 1 cup, dipper.Literally: hold.on(-thing). vti: -toen.Pl: toenkontse. See: toen'o.
2 Little Dipper. Usage: loan translation from English for the 'Little Dipper' constellation.
-teneveose vai. bump toe; stub toe(s) ?? N-teneveose. I bumped my toes. [PD197] -toeno'ham vai. hold horses. See: -toen. N-toeno'hme I'm holding my horse(s) (for example, by the
reins).
-toenomsan
vai. ceremonially present the pipe; lift hold up the pipe. the pipe is lifted up ceremonially, for example, when bad weather is coming. See: -hna. 'hkevhe'poo'e etoenomsne He would sit and smoke (1987:220).
-toenotm vta. hold s.o. in the mouth. Oekso -toenotomo v'kseho. The dog held the bird in his
mouth. [PD723] Final: -otm.
-toenov
vai. be midwife; deliver baby. See: -'stan'e'tovohe. -toenva She delivered the baby. txe-toenva. She goes around as a midwife. ts-toenovtse she who is a midwife. ts-toenovase those who are midwives. [1987:26]Literally: hold on (that is, to catch baby).
-teotse vai. become stubborn. -teotse. He got stubborn. See: -toeotse become cold. -toeotse vii. vai. cool off. -toeotse. It's cooled off. See: -teotse become stubborn. tost- i. string (for example, bead). -testxe vai. fall on top of head. See: -pe'ne. -testxe. He fell on top of his head (for example,
from off a horse)/he hit his head. N-testxe toneoheo'o. I hit my head on a nail.
-testoh vti. string s.t. by tool. -testha He strung it by tool. N-testhantse onhv'kstse ? I am
stringing the beads. Notes (Phonology) note 0 //hp alternation between -testoh and -thpstoh
Testhne na. Stringing Beads. -testhen vai. string beads. -testhne He's stringing beads. Testhen'e na. Stringing Beads Woman. -toesto'onnhtsee'e vai. sit holding up chin. -toeston'onnhtsee'e. He's sitting holding up his
(own) chin. Medial: -hto'on. Notes (Phonology) vsLiterally: -hold-chin-FTA-REFL-sit.
-toests'e vai. have a cold head. -toests'e He has a cold head. Medial: /-ht/. Notes (Phonology) vs -toestsstonan vta. hold to heel of s.o. -toestsstonanahtse. He held on to his (own) heel. -toee vai. lie cold. -toe. He's lying cold. Mshstoto -toeenao'o. The potatoes are (lying) cold. -toekht vai. have a cold leg. -toekhta his leg is cold. -toetan vai. keep in mind. -toetno. He kept (it) in mind. tsohke-toetanto computer. Synonym: m'etan.Literally: hold on in mind.
toetanohttse
ni. computer.Literally: hold Usage: neologism.Variant: tsohketoetanto.
on
in
thinking
thing.
toetanohttse ts'hkeno'estove ni. laptop computer. Usage: neologism. -toetan't

vti. keep in mind s.t. -toetan'ta He held on to it (in his mind). Nohke-toen'ta. I regularly keep it in mind. Toetan'tome tshetatsse! Hold on to what I have told you (pl)! (1987:206).Literally: hold on to s.t. in the mind. See: -m'etan't remember it.
-toetan'tov vta. keep in mind s.o. -toetan'tovho. He kept him in mind. See: -m'etan'tov. teto p. similarly, in turn, likewise, one after another. See: toneeto; te-; hp'e. teto navo'stanemo my
family lineage. Ns'v'htsm'ta naa teto ts'the nehsenheevovstomtan'tovoo'o ts'the nansoneho. I still go by (the spiritual way) and in turn I would like to teach these, my children. (1987:104).Literally: connected.
-toeven vti. vta. hold s.t./s.o. Naa nhe tsto'sevoveha'xstse hne motke msta-toevenhhe. And
the one that was going to go out first held that knife. [1987:42] xae-toevana (vn?) hestse She
held (covered) her mouth. (a cultural symbol of hesitancy, admission that someone else has corrected oneself based on fact, shyness, etc.). [1987:179] ssaxaetne-toevaenhevsesto. They couldn't even hold on to him. [1987:298] See: -toen.
Tohano'ho'va obl. Texas. See: th'ksa-. Tohano've'ho'e na. Frenchman; Spaniard. Usage: od. th'ksa- pv. cowboy. Usage: transliteration of "Texas". th'ksave'ho'e
na. cowboy, ranchand.Pl: th'ksav'h'e. Obviative: th'ksav'h'e. The th'ksa- preverb is sound translation of the word "Texas", so this noun has a literal etymology of something like 'Texas-whiteman.'. See: tsheta'vo'hamve'ho'e. Usage: in common usage.
th'ksave'ho'amo'ethesttse rodeo. Usage: neologism.Literally: cowboy-doing. -th'ksavema'h smell very bad; smell rank.Literally: smell of cowboy. the th'ksa- preverb
commonly refers to something being done in a pinch-hit (make-do) manner; for example, until something better can arrive from the BIA office. -th'ksavem'ha It smells very bad (for example, rank as a sewer; colloquial).
-th'ksavstnne vai. dress as a cowboy. -th'ksavstnne. He's dressed as a cowboy. fai: san2.
th'ksavhkha'e ni. cowboy hat. See: hhkha'e. -th'ksevotse'ohe vai. work as a cowboy. -th'ksevotse'ohe. He works as a cowboy. Thevena na. (man's name). Thevnaa'hhe na. (woman's name). thvetse ni. quarter; 25 cents. Usage: loan transl.. from English "two bits". thev- i. gap. See: tov'(k)-. -thevhe'ehe
vai. tie shoestrings. Thevhe'estse! Tie your shoes!Variant: -thevo'ehe. See: vhe'e shoestring.
-thvhe'ehesttse ni. shoestrings.Pl: thvhe'ehstottse. See: -vhe'e shoestring. -thevo'eto'ham vai. harness livestock. -thevo'eto'hme. He harnessed up the horse(s). See: tva'eto'ham.
-thvo'eh vta. tie shoestrings of s.o. Thvo'ehahtsstse! Tie your shoes! Synonym: thvo'eestse,
thvo'etahtsstse.
-thevo'ehe
vai. tie shoestrings. -thevo'ehe. He tied his shoestrings. Thevo'eestse! Tie your shoestrings! ohksa-thevo'ehhe. He never ties his shoestrings.Variant: -thevhe'ehe. Antonym: -onha'ethvo'ehe. See: -ssvothe'; -xoneanan; -t'omestv. ni. shoestring. Pl: thvo'ehstottse. See: vho'e.Literally: crisscross-NOM. Variant: thvo'ahesttse.
thvo'ehesttse
-thvo'et vta. tie shoestrings of s.o. N-thvo'etahtse I tied my shoestrings. thvo'etahtsstse Tie
your shoes!
thevse'eo'o
ni. saw. See: tov'(k)-.Literally: gap.cutting(-thing). Notes (Phonology) first /s/ may assimilate, yielding theve'eo'oPl: thevse'eontse.
tohkom- i. few. -thkom vii. not many, not much, few in number, small quantity. -thkmo. It's a small quantity. thkomo p. few. Antonym: hesto. -thkomoh vii. be few in number. not used in sg. See: -hestoh. -thkomhnstse They (inan.) are
few in number. naa mxhoho'hstovhanhe ma'kaata ts-thkomoha but we really wanted the money that wasn't much (1987:19).
-thkomheohts vai. few go. not used with sg. subject. m'hke-thkomheohtshevhe tsameehese
the travelers came in small groups (1987:18).
-thkomoxe
vai. few. not used with sg. subjects. -thkomxeo'o. There are a few of them (animate).Variant: -tkomoxe. Antonym: -hestoxe; vii: -thkom. vai. skinny. -thkona'he. He is skinny. ts-thkona'hstse the skinny one. See: shkomahe; -khkon. See: mo'hkonavekhkonheo'o cracker (Montana dialect).
-thkona'he
thkonavekhkonheo'o ni. cracker.Literally: skinny-bread. Usage: od.Pl: thkonavekhkonheontse. -thkonavn vai. skinny face. -thkonavne. He has skinny face. See: -shkomn. thohko ni. hammer. vai: -tonhen.Pl: thhkontse. See: thoo'e. thoo'e
ni. 1 ni. tomahawk; club. See: ho'honethoo'e; tamheo'o; ma'xethoo'e; thohko. Notes (Phonology) vs Usage: obsolescing. 2 na. tomahawk stone.Pl: thoono. Obviative: thoono.
Thonvose ni. Stone Hammer Mountain. Thovhn'e na. (woman's name). -thovon'ov
vta. kick s.o. in the crotch. -thovon'ovho. He kicked him in the crotch. See: vhnots.
-thovonxe vai. fall saddle fashion (on the crotch). See: -pne. -thovonxe. He fell "saddle
fashion.". Usage: considered humorous.
thp- i. poke. -thphn vta. poke female genitalia of s.o. -thphnahtse. She put her finger in her (own) vagina.
[Croft]
Medial: -ah.
-thphtsenxe vai. poke (something) in mouth. for example, while holding something and falling. thphtsenxe. He poked (something) in his mouth. BodyPartMedial: -ahtsen.
-thpan vta. reach hand into s.t./s.o. -thpna. He reached his hand in. [Croft] -thpeesn vta. poke something in nose of s.o. -thpeesnahtse. He picked his (own) nose / he stuck
his finger in his nose.
-thpeese vai. fall and poke (something) in the nose. -thpeese. He fell and something got poked
in his nose.
-thpe's'o'h vta. goose s.o., poke something in arse of s.o. -thpe's'o'hho. He goosed him. [Croft] -thpe'sn vta. goose s.o., poke arse of s.o. -thpe'snahtse. He goosed himself. -thpe'seno. He
goosed him. [Croft]Literally: poke-rump-FTA. BodyPartMedial: -'es.
-thpe'xann vta. poke s.o. in the eye(s). for example, to poke s.o. in the eye with a finger. thpe'xannho. He poked him in the eye(s).
-thpe'xane vai. fall and poke (something) in the eye. -thpe'xane. He poked (something) in his
(own) eye. See: -thpne.
-thpne vai. fall and poke (something) in the eye. -thpne. He poked (something) in his eye.
See: -thpe'xane.
-thpeose vai. splinter in finger, sliver in finger. for example, getting a sliver from moving one's
hand along a splintery surface. -thpeose. He got a splinter in his finger. Assimilated: thpeoe; BodyPartMedial: -os. See: -seen'the'onxe.
-thpeoe vai. splinter in finger, sliver in finger. for example, getting a sliver from moving one's
hand along a splintery surface. -thpeoe. He got a splinter in his finger. Non-assimilated: thpeose. Notes (Phonology) This is a typical pronunciation, with -assimilation. Notes (Phonology) NonAssim = -thpeose BodyPartMedial: -os. See: -seen'the'onxe.
-thpstoh vti. poke s.t. through by tool. For example, pushed a stick through a ring. -thpstha.
He pushed it through. Ns-thpsthtse! Push the stick through these rings! See: -testoh.
-thpoh vti. poke s.t. with a tool ?? -thpha He took it out with a tool/he poked around in it with a
tool ??
-thpoh(n) vta. poke s.o. with a tool. for instance, with a stick. -thphnho. He poked him with a
stick.
-thphomo'he vai. take out marrow from a bone. -thphomo'he. He's taking marrow out of the
bone. should not be done with a knife; a stick or handle of a spoon is all right. Nstsev'v'ethphmo'he mtkva! Don't take out marrow with a knife! (cultural taboo). See: -'homo'he.
-thpo'en vti. poke s.t. by hand.

vta. poke s.o. by hand. He'eo'o ohke-thpo'enhtseo'o nonm't'e. (Homosexual) women poke
their fingers in each other's vaginas.
-thpom vta. take out and see s.o. -thpoomho. He looked at his (or her; obv.) 'privates' (genitals).
Nstsev'-thpoomahtse; nstse''ne. Don't look at your privates; you will become blind. (a cultural prohibition). Usage: vulgar.
-thposan vai. look at pubic area, pubic area - look at. -thpsne. He looked at (someone's or his
own) pubic area. If someone says, "Nm'hon'o," a common humorous response is, "Mnohkema'xe-thpoosanhhe" ('You must have really been looking at someone's pubic area.') This is a play on the similarity of sound between m'h- 'fuzzy' and words for pubic hair such as m'no. See: -m'hono'.
-thpotsee vai. fall and poke something in mouth. -thpotse. He fell and something got poked in
his mouth.
-thta'voe'e vai. stand looking around. -thta'voe'e. He stood looking around in a circle.
Notes (Phonology) vs See: /-/; -voe.
thtaenotovhe
na. killdeer; sandpiper ?? thtaenotovhne killdeers thtaenotovheo'o).Literally: long.stretched.out-neck-one. Variant: thtaenotovhe.
(or
thtoe-smo ni. raft. made of rawhide ?? See: phpoe-smo ??. ththsema

p. Of all the many stories that will be told about him! strong epistemic particle of exclamation. Related to -hsem 'tell about'?
thtom- i. aimless. thtome- pv. aimlessly; in a hit or miss fashion. -thtomevo'stanheve He lives aimlessly. -thtomonahe vai. be aimless. -thtomonahe He is aimless. [PD27] thtomone- pv. scattered; aimlessly; unrestricted; wildly. -thtomonevo'stanheveo'o They are living
a wild; aimless; unrestricted life. See: thtoo'e.
thto(n)- i. flat. -thton vii. flat, level. -thtno. It's flat/level (for example, prairie land). tss-thtno prairie (lit.
where it is flat). See: thtoo'e; -phpon.
Thtonma''e Flat Ground. -thtonoo'e vai. live out in the boonies. -thtonoeo'o. They live out in the boonies (where no one else
is around).
Thtoo''e na. Prairie Woman. thto'e ni. prairie; boonies. Oblique: thtne, tht'va. See: onveto. thtoo'ksa na. wild sheep, mountain sheep. thtoo'ma'no na. land turtle.Literally: prairie-turtle. thtoo'ma'xeme ni. wild plum. Usage: od.Pl: thtoo'ma'xementse. See: ma'xeme. thtoo'mxne ni. elk mint.Literally: prairie-mint. Variant: mo'hemxne. Thtoo'nhkohe na. Prairie Bear. thtoo'ot'tav'stse ni. prairie clover. Usage: loan translation?. thtoo''e ni. prairie. See: thto'e. Thtoo'v'kso Prairie Bird. -thtoo'vo'stanheve vai. live out on the prairie. -thtoo'vo'stanheve. He lives out on the prairie.
t'-
pv. exactly; precisely. often occurs in conjunction with slightly weaker intensifier, tae-. See: tae-. t'taenhhe nto'semhaevee'e that is exactly where I was going to camp. -t'taenhevoo'o that is exactly what he said. naa t'-nh'e nnhmne=ta'se=hne'enots'ta and since then I have known it (1987:196). N-t'nheve that's MY WORD (for example, nothing is going to
change what I said).
-t'a'haso'he vai. rein horse to a stop. -t'a'haso'he. He reined his horse to a stop. t'(e)pv. the very same; exactly as. See: t'-; tae-; t'tae-. -t'nehove He's the very one. t'nhe'xvva at exactly the same time.
-to' vai. get up, arise (from sleeping). See: -ohaa'e; -to'otse. -t'e. He arose (from sleeping). T'stse!
Get up! 'oseemo-to'esstse. It is said he got up really early in the morning (attrib.). Nohkhts-t'e. I have a hard time getting out of bed (in the morning).
t'ease-
pv. almost. probably combination of t'- 'exactly' + ase- 'start'. N-t'easem'ta''sne. I'm almost finished. -t'easemats'omeve. It's almost spring. Nhhpo hee'hna mt'easevoonhhe. He ate up absolutely all of his food; he must have been (almost) starved. See: to'se-; to'st'-; ohto'se-; ohta-. vai. be older. -t'hahe He is older/he is old. m'toestneo'o ts-t'hahese. The high schoolers are graduating. ts-t'haestse the older one/the elder. ts-t'hahese the older ones. m'eta'phve-t'hahehevhe heva ts'hkeena'nhtheanamase heva tsohkeemhththeanamse m'enhe-t'hahevhe They were of good age, about the ages of eight or ten years of age, that's how old they were. (1987:295). heovestse tshe-t'hahese of various ages. Non-reduplicated: -the'khahe. See: -htaa'hahe; -ha'hahe.
-t'hahe
-t'ho'omen vii. be a high hill. -t'ho'omne It (mountain or hill) is high/tall. -to''o'h vta. get s.o. out of bed. N'hket'mo-to''o'ha. He would get me up early in the morning.
[1987:220]
t'e'e p. lengthy in time. See: nhe'e then; tne'e then. -to''tov vta. arise from bed with (reference to) s.o. See: -e'ha'tov; -to'. N-to''tova He arose from bed
with me. Vhe nno'-to'entse. I got up with the morning star (= I got up early while the morning star was still in the sky ?).
-to'meohe vai. strain to get up from bed. of babies who do not know how to get up yet. -to'meohe.
He's trying to get up from bed.
-to'n vta. get s.o. out of bed. -to'eno. He raised him from sleep. [1987:198] See: -s'han. -to'otse vai. arise quickly from bed (from sleep), get up quickly. This is quicker, more urgent action
than -to'. The command with this form of the verb is used when the time has come when the person must get out of bed, for instance, to make it to school in time. -to'otse. He got up quickly. To'otsstse! Get up now! To'otse! Get up now! (said to more than one person). Nnhmne-to'otse. I just got up/got out of bed. See: -to'.
t'es- i. long. t'sepv. long. Antonym: t'kse-. ma'xe-t'sem'hahtsenao'o They have really long beards. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: tshe'se-.
-t'shan vai. have long tears. -t'shane. He has long tears. -t'shaht vai. have long feet. -t'shhta. He has long feet. T'shaht-mhove'ho'no ni. Long Foot Town. an old Indian name for Birney, Montana, named
for a man who used to live in that area who was tall and had long legs; his Indian name was Ovemana from which the present Indian name of Birney, Ovemanhno, derives (but note that Ovemanhno has been a longtime name of one of the Cheyenne bands, so it is possible that Ovmanhno predates this historical explanation for the source of the names for Birney).
T'shahtve'ho'e Longfeet. name given to a whiteman. t'shev'she

na. pheasant.Literally: longtailed-one. Variant: t'sevotonhe; Pl: t'shev'sheo'o. Obviative: t'shev'sheho; Medial: -hev's. tshe'sevotonhe.
-t'sho'san vai. take long steps. -t'sho'sne. He took long steps.
-t'se'svo'han vai. Medial: -'es.wear high heeled shoes. -t'se'svo'hna She has on high
heeled shoes.Literally: long-rump-shoed. Variant: -t'sstsstonvo'han.
-t'se'est vai. long ears. for example, a hound dog. -t'se'sta. He has long ears. t'semnkeho na. green beans, string beans.Literally: long-beans. -t'sena'v
vai. long arms. -t'sena'va. He has long arms. Non-reduplicated: -tshe'sena'v. BodyPartMedial: -na'v.
-t'senm vai. have long thighs. -t'senma. He has long thighs. Medial: -nm. -t'sehta vai. long legs. -t'sehta. He has long legs. Notes (Phonology) redup t'sehthe na. daddy longlegs.Literally: long-legged-one. Pl: t'sehtheo'o. t'sehtav'ho'e
na. daddy-longlegs (spider).Literally: long-leg-spider. Pl: t'sehtv'h'e. Obviative: t'sehtv'h'e. Variant: hesthehthe.
-t'ses vai. long fingers. -t'sese. He has long fingers. BodyPartMedial: -s. -t'sstsstonvo'han
vai. wear high heeled shoes.Literally: long-heel-shoed. t'sstsstonvo'hna. She has high heeled shoes. Medial: -htsston. See: -t'se'svo'han.
-t'sev'hnse vai. have long eyelashes. -t'sev'hnse He has long eyelashes. Medial: -v'henos. t'sevshotoa'e
na. Texas longhorn (head Pl: t'sevshotao'o. Obviative: t'sevshotoa'o. Pl: t'sevotonheo'o. Obviative: t'sevotonheho.
of
cattle).Literally: long-horned-buffalo.
t'sevotonhe na. pheasant.Literally: long-tailfeathered-one. Variant: tshe'sevotonhe; t'shev'she. -t'es

vii. long. seems to be longer than -ha'es. Notes (Phonology) redup -t'so. It's long. t'snstse. They (inan. for example, moccasins) are long. Non-reduplicated: -tshe'es. See: ha'es.
t'es(t)- i. long. Notes (Phonology) redup. of tshe'es(t)-t'stahe

[JOURNEY.TXT]
vai. tall. only used of plural subjects. M'osee-t'sthehevhe. They were very tall. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -tshe'stahe; fai: -'stahe.
-t'st'e vai. have long hair. Antonym: -tshe'ksta'. -t'st'e He has long hair. Non-reduplicated: tshe'sta'. Notes (Phonology) redup
T'stoesttane na. Arab.Literally: long-dressed-person. Pl: T'stoesttaneo'o. to'st'pv. almost. N-to'st'nheto'ovxe. I dreamed almost that same way. (1980:40:19). Nto'st'mhehne'na. I understand almost all of it. -to'st'v'sthmho. He is almost as tall as he is. Nhe'xvva ohtse-to'st'h'thnovo. At that time they almost beat him. (1987:150). See: to'ease-; to'se-. redup
-t'st'ee vai. have long fringes. -t'st'ee He (esp. shawl) has long fringes. Notes (Phonology) -t'sto'khna
vai. wear long shoes. -t'sto'(k)hna. His shoes are too long for him. Notes (Phonology) redup redup Non-reduplicated: -tshe'st'ohe; Final: -'ohe.
-t'st'ohe vai. be tall (of tree or turnip). -t'st'heo'o. They (esp. trees) are tall. Notes (Phonology) t'st'onvo'keha ni. high heeled shoe.Pl: t'st'onvo'khantse. t'st'ono ni. hightop boot. for example, cowboy boot.Literally: long-?. Pl: t'st'onontse. -t'st'non vai. wear hightop boots. -t'st'nna. He has hightop boots on. -t'sto'tonohe vai. have long braids. -t'sto'tonohe. He has long braids. Notes (Phonology) redup -t'stneehe vai. be long stringlike. -t'stneehe He (stringlike for example, rope, snake) is long. -t'stne' vai. vii. grow tall ?? See: -hne'. -t'stn'o He grew tall (or it?). -t'stonen
vai. long teethed. -t'stonne. He has long teeth. hma'xe-t'stonenesstse naa 'hkenhkh'emesstse. He had long fangs and he made sounds like a bear. [1987:107] Medial: -onen.
T'stonen'hhe Long Teeth Woman. t'stonenoekshenma'ne na. seal.Literally: long-teeth-dog-fish. Usage: neologism. perhaps 'dog'
is included in the literal meaning because of the seal's bark.
See: nma'ne; nma'he.Pl: t'stonenoekshenom'ne.
-t'stneo'sahtsen vai. have long slobbers. -t'stneo'shtse He has long "slobbers". -t'stneo'sahtsenohts
vai. have long slobbers. -t'stneo'shtsenhtse He (for example, a
dog) has long "slobbers".
-t'stneseest vai. wear long earrings. -t'stnesesta She has (on) long (dangly) earrings. t'stneseesttse ni. long (dangly) earrings. See: hsee'se. -t'stononen vai. long teeth; long fangs. See: -t'stonen. -t'stohev vai. have long nails (on one's body). -t'sthva He has long fingernails. Medial: ohev. Notes (Phonology) redup
-t'stseest vai. long earrings. -t'stssta. She has long earrings. See: -t'stneseest. -to'vonehn
vai. sit up from prone position, sit up from being in bed. 'sane-to'vonhnhoo'o kse'he. The young woman got up from bed. [1987:269]
-to'voneohe vai. sit up in bed. nhe'e hns-to'voneohhoo'o then he sat up (emphatic) (1987:196). t'h- i. stop. -t'hna. He stopped it. See: n-. to'ha
na. glove; mitten. Holliman Spelling: do ha.Pl: to'haho. Obviative: to'haho. See: -to'e. Etymology:
*0a'0ehsa (Picard).
-t'hahtsstov vta. resist; stop s.o. See: -t'ha''h. T'hahtsstova hevohe! Resist the Devil! (James
4:7).
-t'ha' vti. stop s.t. by foot, stop s.t. by body. N-t'h'a. I stopped it with my foot / I held it back with
my weight. [Croft] vta: -t'ha'ov.
-t'ha'et vta. rein in s.o., stop s.o. by pulling on reins. See: -t'han. -t'ha'etho. He reined him in.
Onset'ha'eta nthoestovevoo'o! try to stop your mounts (see -mshnee'e for complete
saying).
-t'ha'eto'ham vai. stop horses with reins. N-t'ha'eto'hme I stopped the horses with the reins. -t'ha' vai. vii. stop. -t'h'o. He/It got stopped (by something). Hekv'stse ta-t'ha'nstse. The
tumbleweeds got stopped (by the fence). Final: -a'.
-t'ha''h vta. stop s.o. Ta-t'ha''xeha! Stop him! -t'ha''ts vti. stop s.t. -t'ha''tse. He stopped it. V'keme -t'ha''tse. Old Man Winter stopped it
(for example, he stopped my plans). See: -t'hvaht.
t'ha'sanhe na. usher; bouncer.Pl: t'ha'sanheo'o. -t'ha'ov vta. stop s.o. with the foot; hold up s.o.; restrain s.o. -t'ha'ovho. He stopped him with his
foot.
-t'han vti. stop s.t. refers to stopping something by holding on to it with one's hands. -t'hna. He
stopped it. vta. stop s.o., quiet s.o. -t'hanho. He stopped him. Msta-t'hanaehevhe nhe v'h'e. That soldier (lit. whiteman) held on to him. [1987:22] Final: -an. See: -t'ha'et.
-t'he'hoohe vai. stop flying. -t'he'hoohe. He stopped flying. -t'hemohe vai. want to stay ?? -t'heoha'ov vta. stop s.o. suddenly by foot. N-t'heoha'vo I stopped him suddenly with my foot.
[Croft]
t'hehtano'hamesttse ni. brake.Literally: stop-leg(wheel)-horse-NOM. same term used for brake of

car, truck, etc. or wagon.
-t'he'e vai. stuck. -t'he'e. He got stuck. (standing??). fai: . See: -he'kee. -t'heotse vii. vai. stuck; stopped. -t'heotse. It got stuck/he got stuck. [1987:257] See: -to'otse.
-t'hee vai. lie stopped; be stuck. Tshhe hetsenone mhv'nenhee-t'heenhhe. Here up to his
armpits he was kept from being swallowed whole. [1987:285] See: -nhpee; -ta'omee.
-t'hetan vai. stop; restrain; hold back. T'hetnhtse! Restrain yourself (for example, from falling
over the edge)! See: -hstovetan.
-t'hetan'tov vta. resist s.o. in thought. T'hetan'toveha! Resist him in your thinking! -t'hevaht vti. persuade s.t. to stop. -t'hvhta. He stopped it by persuasion. vta: -t'hevam. See: t'ha'o'ts.
-t'hevam vta. stop s.o. by speaking; persuade s.o. to stop. -t'hevamho He stopped him by speaking
(to him).
-t'h' vai. stop while floating. -t'h'o. He/It got stopped floating. Final: -'. -t'hoeotse vai. become faint from bleeding or sickness. -t'hoeotse He became faint from bleeding. -t'hose vai. stop while floating; hover. See: -t'he'. -t'hose He stopped while floating sickness. -t'hoee vai. lie stopped, stuck in bed, hover ??, lie in bed faint from bleeding or bad sickness. See: he'kee. -t'he. He won't get up he is so sick.
-t'hoev'hom
vta. constantly look at s.o. See: -v'hom. ohke-t'hoev'hoomovo hee'hamevho They (esp. whites) constantly look at their watches.
-t'hoh(n) vta. stop s.o. by tool. N-t'hhno I stopped him (for example, with a stick). [Croft] -t'hohov vta. motion s.o. to stop; wave to s.o. to stop; sign to stop. -t'hohovho. He motioned him
to stop. Final: -ohov.
-t'hohtahe vai. humorous. -t'hohtahe. He's humorous. Reduplicated: -tot'hohtahe. See: -tot'hosem; n'so'emetahe.
-t'hon fai. swim. Swimming of this kind can be done by people, dogs, horses, perhaps some other
quadrupeds, and fish. ame-t'hna. He's swimming by. onve-t'hna. He swam ashore. nhtve-t'hna. He knows how to swim. See: -too'hame; -ohoo'e.
-t'honoohe fai. swim. Thhe 'xe nhtathehxove-t'honoohe. I'll just swim across to the other
side. [1987:283] See: -t'hon.
t'hosepv. derivisely; make fun; laugh at ?? See: -hohatse. N-t'hoshohtse'tvo I laughed at him/I
made fun of him.
-t'hosem vta. make fun of; deride s.o. -t'hosemeo'o They were made fun of. nstsev'-t'hosemo
Hxe'tamae-mhta'soma Don't blaspheme the Holy Spirit!
t'hov- i. between. Preverb: t'hove-; Reduplicated: tot'hov-. -t'hovhonn vai. bake a pie.Literally: between-bake. -t'hovhonne. She baked a pie. t'hovhonoo'o ni. pie. See: honoo'o.Literally: between(.crusts)-baked(-thing). -t'hova'haso'he
vai. ride horse between. -t'hova'haso'he. He rode horse between. for example, between the other riders.
-t'hovan vti. vta. put s.t./s.o. between. -t'hovanho He put him in between. -t'hovna He put it in
between. Initial: insert=penis.
-t'hovanen
vai. make a sandwich. sandwich.Literally: in.between-do.
Nto's-t'hovanne
I'm
going
to
make
t'hove ni. wilderness ?? T'hove ehtse. He's homeless. See: thtoo'e; -nxheve. t'hove- pv. between, among. -t'hovhoeo'o ho'honhkeo'o mnkva There are little stones among
the beans (PD39). Etymology: *0a'0a:wi (corresp.?). Reduplicated: tot'hove-.
t'hove ho'va obl. desert. See: thtoo'e. Usage: neologism.Literally: forsaken-land. -t'hovhhtse vai. tracks between. -t'hovhhtse. His tracks are in between other tracks. -to'hovhon
vai. erect tent, put up tent (or tepee). -to'hovhne. He erected the tent. vato'hovhoneo'o. They are putting up the tents (to give as return gifts to those who picked your blanket at an Indian wedding). See: -tomhtan.
t'hovhonhe na. staker, one who sets up camp.Pl: t'hovhonheo'o. -t'hove's't vti. have s.t. between the buttocks. vulgar joking word, said when seeing a woman with
tight blue jeans. Na'xnstse txaenonvease-t'hove's'tantse. She is almost about to get my eyes between her buttocks. ??
-to'hoven' vai. sew between. for example, sew a layer, such as a quilt liner, between other pieces of
cloth. -to'hoven'e She sewed a layer. Reduplicated: -to'to'hoven'e.
-t'hovnome
vai. sleep between. -t'hovnome. He's sleeping between. for example, sleeping between two other people.
-t'hoveohe vai. go between. -t'hoveohe. He went between. fai: -ohe. -t'hove'e vai. stand between. -t'hove'e. He's standing between. for instance, a horse standing
among cows.
-t'hovee vai. lie between, sleep between. -t'hove. He's lying between (others). t'hoveto p. between. -to'hovetsnon't vti. have s.t. under the arm (that is, in the armpit). taase-to'hovetsnon'ta He took
it (for example, book) away under his arm.
-t'hovheohe vai. erect tent for s.o. sta-t'hovhehehoono. A tent was put up for them. [1987:51] -t'hovo'ee -t'khahe
vai. stopped, stuck. N-t'hovo'e. I'm stuck. seems to be used idiomatically like the English idiom for "stuck". See: -he'kee. vai. be young. Likely only used with pl. subjects. See: -t'hahe. Non-reduplicated: the'khahe; Synonym: -mnahe. -t'khaheo'o. He is young. ts-t'khahese the younger ones.
t'kes- i. short. used of plural entities. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: tshe'es-. t'ksepv. short. used of plural entities. reduplicated: tshe'kse-, the'kse-. Antonym: t'se-. Notes (Phonology) pv Non-
-to'kshaht vai. have short feet. M'osee-t'kshahthhe. He must have had short feet. -t'ksho'san vai. take short steps. ohke-t'ksho'sne. He takes short steps. Antonym: t'sho'san. -t'kse'est vai. be short eared. -t'kse'sta He is short eared. Notes (Phonology) redup t'ksena'vavestse'he na. short sleeved shirt. -t'kseht vai. have short legs. -t'ksehta. He has short legs. T'ksehthe na. Short Legs. -t'ksstsstonvo'han (ksts?) vai. wear low cut shoes. -t'ksstsstonvo'hna He's wearing
low cut shoes (for example, oxfords).Literally: short(redup)-heel-shoed.
-t'kes vai. short. -t'kso It is short. -t'ksnstse They (inan. for example, moccasins) are short.
Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -tshe'kes.
t'kes(t)- i. short. -t'kst'ohe vai. short. -t'kst'ohe He (tree) is short. -t'kst'heo'o. They are short. Medial: '(e). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -tshe'kst'ohe.
t'me- pv. right away. See: t'-; t'ne-; s'ea'e; s'hove-; s'hove-. Ma'emseestse tseta-t'measehtse.
As soon as he eats he will leave. to'se-t'measeohe. He was going to go right away.
t'nepv. right then, exactly. Ma'emseestse tseta-t'neasehtse. As soon as he eats he'll HAVE to
leave. -t'nenhesotse. It just happened (nothing could be done about it). Notes (Phonology) t'- 'exact' + ne- 'continue' ?? See: t'me-; h'ke-.
t'hee- pv. back and forth nervously. -t'heeamehtse. He's walking back and forth nervously /
pacing back and forth. See: htxove-.
t'om- i. steady; stopped; motionless; stiff; firm. -t'omna He steadied it by hand. -t'omeh vta. stun s.o. motionless, scare s.o. stiff. that is, surprise, startle, or otherwise impact s.o. so
that they freeze in their tracks. -t'omehho. He scared him stiff. N-t'omeha. I was scared stiff by him. See: -heh.
-t'omahe vai. be still; stopped; can't think, can't do anything. See: -t'omee. -t'omahe He is still/he
'can't think'/he is lazy/he can't do anything.
-t'oman vti. stop s.t. by hand.

vta. stop s.o. by hand, retain s.o. by hand. for example, keeping a handgame bone in the same hand, rather than changing it to the other hand. -t'omanho. He kept him the same/didn't change him. Antonym: -hxovan.
-t'omnehe vai. be in shock. -t'omnehe. He is in shock. See: -naeotse; -t'ovnehe. -t'ome'ho'ose

vai. hang firm. Tseohks'-t'ome'ho'ose e'he. The sun will still hang firm. Part of Sweet Medicine's prophecy. This referred to when the horse would come to them, Cheyennes would ride so far so fast that it will seem that the sun has stood still.
[1980:4:23]
-t'ome'h vai. fly in place. For instance, birds of prey sometimes fly in place, looking for their food.
-t'om'ha. He's flying in place.
t'ome'xvva obl. forever. See: a'ene'xvva. -t'omemas vta. shoot s.o. dead. -t'omemsho He shot him dead. Tnesto tsstesevonhnvse
m'hkes-t'omemxeehevovhe. However many (Cheyennes) had crawled inside (the caves) were shot (after the Ft. Robinson breakout). [1987:43] See: -am. fta: -emas. See: -hanemas.
-t'omn vai. stone face. -t'omne. He has a stone face. -to'omenehe vai. suffer. -to'omenehe He suffered. See: -ho'omenehe. -t'omn'
vai. be stoic; poker-faced. expressionless.Literally: motionless-faced. -t'omn'o
He's
poker-faced,
-t'omen'to vii. sewing needle stuck. -t'omen'to. It (sewing machine) is going but the needle is
not moving. fai: -n'.
-t'omeoesemas vta. shoot s.o. suddenly, kill s.o. on the spot. Hothtse msta-t'omeoesemxstshhe.
Here, she must have killed herself. (1987:59).
-t'ome'e vai. stand still; stand motionless. -t'ome'e. He's standing absolutely motionless. Notes
(Phonology) vs fai: -.
-t'omeotse vai. vii. become motionless. ohke-t'omeotse. He can't even move. (1987:198). -t'omee
vai. lie motionless, lie stunned still. -t'ome. He lay stunned still (for example, from
fright).
-t'om vii. be firm; fixed; motionless. -t'mo It is firm/it is fixed/it is 'there to stay'. -t'omeotse vai. freeze (in motion). -t'omeotse He froze (in his tracks). [1987:282] -t'omestov vta. tie a knot in the shoestring(s) of s.o. esp. so the shoestrings will not become easily
untied. N-t'omestvo I tied a knot in his shoe(lace). t'omestveha Tie his shoe with a knot!
-t'omhomo'he vai. dance in one spot. -t'omhomo'he. She's dancing in place. -t'omhoo'e vai. swim in one spot; stationary swim. -t'omhoo'e. He's swimming in one spot. fai: ohoo'e.
-t'omo'enhotse vai. unable to move so full of food, uncomfortable from eating too much. Nt'omo'enhotse. I'm unable to move I'm so full (of food).
-t'omo't vii. remain same, be there to stay. -t'om'ta. It remained the same/it stayed the same
amount/it remained steady/it was there to stay.
-t'omnoo'e vai. sit staring. -t'omnoo'e. He is sitting staring. -t'omoo'e

vai. sit motionless; stay permanently. See: -he'kotoo'e; -stoo'e; -amnoo'e; -hoo'e. t'omoo'e. He's sitting motionless. Notes (Phonology) vs
-t'omose vai. be stiff from cold. -t'omose He is stiff from cold. Final: -ose. To'on'e na. (woman's name). t'ov- i. for good.
-t'oveh vta. scare; frighten s.o. permanently. This verb typically implies that one is frightened of
another when he need no longer be. See: -heh. mnt'ovehaehhe V'keme You must be scared of Old Man Winter for all time! (said jokingly to s.o. still wearing a heavy winter coat when the weather was warm and Springlike).
-t'ovnehe vai. be in a coma. -t'ovnehe. He is in a coma. See: -t'omnehe. t'ove- pv. forever; permanent; for good; with finality. -t'ovepe'pe'eotseo'o. They broke up forever. t'oveonsovheo'o. They are separated for good (that is, divorced). See: a'ene-.
-t'oveh vta. eat up all food before s.o. N-t'ovh'e. They ate up all the food and I didn't get any. -t'ovenohts vti. 1 kill s.t. with finality. -t'ovenhtse. He killed it for good. vta: -t'ovenot; fta: -not.
2 keep s.t. with finality. for example, "It belongs to him and no one else!". Usage: fig..
-t'ovnome vai. be in a coma until death, die in sleep.Literally: permanent-sleep. -t'ovnome. He was
in a coma until he died.
-t'ovenot vta. 1 kill s.o. with finality. -t'ovnotho. He killed him for good. vti: -t'ovenohts.
2 keep s.o. with finality. for example, "he belongs to you for sure; not to anyone else".
-t'ovetan't vti. want s.t. forever. -t'ovetan'ta. He wants it forever. -t'ovetan'tov vta. remember s.o.; keep in mind s.o. -t'ovetan'tovho He kept him in mind/he
remembered him. See: -m'etan'tov; -toetan'tov.
-t'ovo'h'tov vta. cling tightly forever to s.o. -t'ovo'hnoto. He wants her for himself forever. -t'ovo'hotse vai. cling tightly. esp. of a baby squeezing an animal real hard with a delighted look,
or of a person who emotionally clings tightly to someone they love. -t'ovo'hotse. He's clinging tightly.
-t'ovo'hots'tov
vta. cling tightly forever to s.o., love s.o. at first sight and not let go. t'ovo'hotsnoto. He loved her at first sight and wouldn't let go of her. See: -t'ovo'h'tov.
-to'voovotse vii. gap by water. -to'voovotse. The water opened up a gap. Final: -ov. -t'pa'onh(n) vta. punch s.o. in the back, hit s.o. in the back. -t'pa'onahno. He punched him in the
back. N-t'pa'onhno. I punched him in the back. BodyPartMedial: -'pa'on. See: -peesh(n).
-t'pa'on'ov vta. bump back of s.o. tsxh-to'pa'on'oo'se ksovaheho when a young man bumped
his back (1987:107). See: -'pa'on. Final: -'ov ??.
-t'pa'onmas vta. shoot s.o. right in the back. See: t'(e)-; -'pa'on. -t'pa'onmsho. He shot him
(right) in the back. [Stamper 1991:10] Final: -emas.
to'sepv. going to. There is a semantic difference between this aspectual preverb and the future tense
preverb htse-, but the difference is difficult to characterize; one difference appears to be that future tense is typically used to indicate certainty of future occurrence, or a kind of statement that something will turn out as you have predicted, whereas to'se- does not have such a degree of certainty (??). Verbs with the future tense can become something close to a wish or almost a spiritual statement that causes the future event to occur; the two morphemes occur in different slots in the Cheyenne verb. to'se- can combine with the translocative preverb, creating tao'se-. N-to'shoehe? Are you going to be there? -to'sea'o'tsstove. There is going to be a Victory Dance. N-to'semhto ho'hon'e. I'm going to swallow a rock (=be stubborn). See: htse-; hta; tao'se-; h-.
t'tae- pv. exactly. -t'taetnso! Exactly how is it? Nto's-t'taenheve. I am going to do exactly
that. -t'taenhso! It's perfect! Tsa'e n-t'taehoo'e? Exactly where do you live? Nt'taemsehe. I ate at exactly that time. N-t'taenhto. I repeated exactly every word to him. This is a combination of t'- and tae-, more forceful than either alone. See: t'-; tae-.
-t'toees vai. have a ski jump nose. -t'toese He has a ski jump nose. -t'toe'pa'on vai. be a swayback (esp. of a horse). -t'toe'pa'na He is a swayback. -to'to'hoven' vai. sew between. for example, to sew layers. -to'to'hoven'e She sewed layers (for
example, quilt liners) in between. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -to'hoven'.
t'too'he na. blacktailed eagle.Pl: t'too'heo'o. Obviative: t'too'hho. Usage: obsolescing. See: netse.
t'te- pv. just that, no more than. -t'teno'kahe ma'heo'o. There is but one God. See: t'-; te-;
ne-. t'- + te-.
-tomha''ho'h
vta. raise; lift head of s.o. quickly. if he was lying injured on the ground. Ntomha'''ho I quickly lifted his head. Medial: -a'. tomha'no I lifted up his head. Medial: -a'.
-tomha'n vta. raise; lift head of s.o. for example, if their head is down from discouragement. N-tomha'otse vai. raise; lift (one's own) head. for example, to raise your head from a lower position to
a level postion when you are about to speak. xxaete-tomha'otse He just lifted his head (Stamper 1991:4).
tomoht- i. raise; erect. See: tomos-. -tomhtan vti. raise s.t., erect s.t. -tomhtna He erected it (for example, a tepee).
vta. raise s.o., erect s.o. -tomhtanho. He raised him up. See: -hmhtsehn. Etymology:
*ne0amatamwa.
-tomhto't vii. sit up. -tomht'ta. It's sitting up. -tomhtoneotse vai. sit up in water. -tomhtoneotse. He sat up in water. -tomhtoo'e vai. sit erect, sit up. -tomhtoo'e. He is sitting erect. fai: -oe. Notes (Phonology) vs See: tomse'e; -oh'e. Etymology: *ne0amatapi.
-tomhtoo'koh vii. be a cold rain. See: -hoo'koh. -tomhtoo'kho It is a cold rain. tomos- i. raise; erect. See: tomoht-. tomse- pv. upright, erect. N-tomseevno. I stood him up. -tomsean
vti. vta. erect; set up s.t./s.o. See: -tomhtan; -to'hovhen. -tomsena. He set it (for example, tepee) up.
Tomsnhe Erect Face. -tomse'e vai. stand up (from lower position). See: -tomhtoo'e. -tomse'e. He stood up erect.
Notes (Phonology) vs Final: /-/; Reduplicated: -totmse'e.
-tomsotse vii. vai. become erect; arise; get up. See: -to'; -tomhtoo'e. -tomsotse ?[ He (or it?)
arose/he got up.
tomsetohko ni. can.Literally: erect-container. Pl: tomsethkontse. Tomsvshe na. Erect Horns. a legendary Cheyenne hero, along with Mots'eeve. -tn sfx. AI conjunct suffix for first person sg. Notes (Phonology) allomorph of -t hman-tontse when I
drink. Etymology: *-(y)a:n. See: -t.
to(n)- i. cold. -tnaha

mbp. haunch. part of the body which is sat upon. -ne-tnhhtse. He has pain in haunch(es). hese-tnhaotse. He has cramps in his haunch(es). See: -nm; -'es; -on.
-tonahe vai. cold. Can be said of a corpse, but not normally of a living person of whom it can be said
n'tose 'He's cold.' But if someone is near hypothermia, this verb, -tonahe, is used. -tonahe. He's cold. See: -n'tose; -hanose.
-tne'hahe vai. be how old; be however old. -tne'hahe How old is he? tsstane-tne'hahto as I
grew up in years. See: -tnstheanam.
-tne'hose vai. how does s.o. hang, how high is s.o. -tne'hose? How high is he? said of a horse
or the sun.Variant: -tne'ho'osen.
-tne'hoht vai. how long be gone. See: -he'hoht; -ha'hoht; -vone'hoht. Nta-tne'hhta How
long did you stay (there)?
-tne'ho'ose vai. hang how high?; be how tall? -tne'ho'ose? How high is he "hanging"?/How tall
is he (esp. horse)?Variant: -tne'ehosen.
-tne'ho'osta
vii. how high is it.Literally: How high is it hanging?. See: -nhe'ho'osta. tne'ho'osta? How high is it?
-tne'homa'o'e vii. how far distant, however far distant. -tne'homa'o'e? How far away is it (in
distance, for example, from Busby to Hardin)? hatse ta-tne'homa'o'hanhe. the area, however big it was (1987:95).
-tne'hoo'e vai. how long stay? Nta-tne'hoo'e? How long did you stay (there)? to's-tne'hoeo'o?
How long will they stay? See: -tne'hoht; tne'e-; -vone'hoo'e. Notes (Phonology) vs
-tne'hotoo'e vii. how deep. of a hole. -tne'hotoo'e? How deep is (this hole)? Notes (Phonology) not
vs See: -tshe'hotoo'e; -v'evtoo'e; -ho'etame deep (of water).
-tne'nehe vai. how taste? -tne'nehe? How does he (for example, a fish) taste? See: -tshe'nehe. -tne'no'e vii. how taste? -tne'no'e? How does it taste? sa-tne'eno'hane it's flat/there's no taste
to it. -tne'eno'nstse How do they (inan.) taste? Notes (Phonology) iah
-tne'es vii. be how long?; be how far away? -tne'so How long is it?/How far away is it? -tne'stahe vai. how tall. N-tne'stahe? How tall are you? Tsohkheen'poo'htove. Tall enough to
peak over. (This is a humorous reply to the preceding question.). See: -ha'stahe.
-tne'st'ohe tne'e-
vai. Final: -ht'ohe.how high (of something growing, e.g. a tree or turnip). tne'st'ohe? How high is he (tree)? pv. how long; so long in time. tsstae-tne'enhetoo'se after he sat there for a time (1987:276). i. for how long; so long in time. taohke-tne'eohnove He'konemhove'ho'no? How long does it take to get to Hardin? See: ha'e-; he'e-. vai. how long travel, run how long, drive how long. taohke-tne'eohnove He'konemhove'ho'no? How long does it take to get to Hardin? See: tne'e-; ha'e-; he'e-. See: tne'e-.
-tne'eohe
-tne'e'e vai. how long stand, stand how long. -tne'e'e? How long did he stand? fai: -2. -tne'ee
vai. how long lie, lie how long. -tne'e? How long did he lie (there)? fai: -ee. See: tne'e-.
tne'honhta'e p. late in the night. See: ha'e-. -tne'esan vai. do something; how do something ?? See: -tshetanen. Nme'-tne'esne I couldn't
help it ?? Nsa'va-tne'oesanhe I don't have much time left ?? Nsa-tne'oesanhe I couldn't do anything. essaxae-tne'esanhesstse there was nothing he could do (1987:283).
-tne'ests vti. what do to s.t. -tne'stse? What did he do to it? Nme'-tne'stse. I couldn't help it. -tne'oet vta. do something to s.o., what do to s.o. See: -tn'tov; -tnst'tov. N-tne'oto? What did
you do to him? Nsa-tne'oethe. I didn't do anything to him. Mnme'h-tone'oto. You won't be able to overcome him. (for example, he's more powerful than you).
-tne'hov vai. where escape? See: -tshe'hov. -tne'hva? Where did he run to? tsa'e nme'tatne'hovmse Where should I run to? Final: -ohov.
-tne'ohts vai. how go; which direction. -tne'htse? How was he walking? An answer to the preceding
question could be -nhne'khhtse 'he's limping.'. Tsa'e mtaeva-tne'htshevhe. He must have gone somewhere else. (1987:150). Tsa'e nsa-tne'htshe. I didn't go anywhere. See: tne'oohe.
-tne'oohe vai. where go. naa ts'the h'e tsa'e ms-tne'oohehhe And this woman must have gone
someplace (Croft). See: -tne'ohts.
-tne'otse vii. where go, where lead. -tne'otse? How does it go? Tsa'e h'the meo'o ta-tne'otse?
Where does this road lead to? See: -tnsotse. vai. what happen to s.o. N-tne'otse? What went wrong with you? Nsa-tne'otshe nothing went wrong with me. mnme'h-tone'otse Nothing would happen to me!
-tne'ov vta. do something to s.o.; how do something to s.o. Nhv'ho'mstvhtse nhhe msa'vatne'ohheo'o. Had they escaped (to the Black Hills) there there would have been nothing
done to them. (1987:42).
tne'e
p. When?, sometime. Tne'e nvho'ho'htse? When did you get back home. Tne'e ho'osta? What time is it? Tne'e ho'ehtse? When did he come? Tne'e mho'eohtshhe. He must have come sometime. Reduplicated: totne'e. See: tne'xvva.
tne'e- pv. periodically; at times, sometimes. Ntne'e-amhna. I pray sometimes. -tne'xvananeta vai. how much weigh; weigh how much. -tne'xvananeta? How much does he
weigh?
-tne'xvtam vta. how much regard s.o., to what degree regard s.o. Ntne'xvtmo nae'ha How
tough do you think my son is? (for example, speaker might be inviting the hearer to fight his son).
tne'xvepv. how much; to what degree. N-tne'xvemhto How much do you love her? -tne'xove vii. what time. -tne'xove? What time (or day) is it? This is a natural word, appropriate in
certain contexts. There are other ways to ask about what time it is which are more natural and more commonly used, such as Tne'e ho'osta?
-tne'xvetan
vai. how think. taxa'e nns-tne'xvetanmse Let's see, how have my thoughts been? (1987:241).
tne'xvva obl. When?; at some time. See: tne'e; h'tva. -tne'xvomhtahe vai. how feel. N-tne'xvomhtahe? How are you feeling? Usage: from an Okla.
speaker. See: -tnetomhtahe.
-tonseomo'e vii. chilly, cold (inside the room). -tonseomo'e. It is chilly. See: -toene'ho't ??; ne'ho't ??; -tont. Notes (Phonology) iah
-tnsst vai. yell. See: -pe'pe'st. N-tnssta I'm yelling. [Croft] -tnsst'tov vta. yell at s.o. N-tnsst'tvo. I yelled at him. [Croft] -tnstam vta. how regard s.o., how think about s.o. N-tnstmo? What do you think of him?
Nsa-tnstamhe. I don't have any feelings toward him (probably esp. no ill feelings). vti: tnsetsest.
-tnsetsest vti. how regard s.t. N-tnstssta? What do you think of it? Nv'-tnstssta! vta: tnsetam.
-tnsvone vii. how sound. -tnsvone? What sound does it (for example, bell, car) make? Variant: tnvone.
-tnes
vii. how is it?, how it is. -tnso? What's the matter with it? / What is its condition (for example, its color, shape, purpose)? sa-tnshane. There's nothing wrong with it. Tsetaometnso. It will be that way by itself. (Idiomatic meaning, something like, "Whatever will happen will happen" or "Whatever will be will be."). vai: -tnesta. See: -tnsotse. vii. what happen. -tnsotse? What happened? ta-tnsotse vo'nhanesttse? What happened to the window? sa-tnsotshne. Nothing has happened. vai: -tnstotse. See: tnes.
-tnsotse
-tnesta vai. be of what quality; what be like; how be. for example, refers to someone's appearance,
color, shape, purpose. -tnesta? How is he?/What is he like?/What are his qualities?/What is his condition? sa-tnsthe. There's nothing wrong with him. Nsa'e-tnsthe. Nothing was (ever) wrong with me. vii: -tnes; Reduplicated: -totnesta.
tnsthevn'e1 p. what kind. Tnsthevn'e ho'vohktse nohkemsnvo? What kind of meat do

you (plural) eat? See: hov'e-; nhesthevn'e.
-tnsthevn'2 vii. what kind. -tnsthevn'e? What kind (or type) is it? See: -nhesthevn'2;
-tnsthevno'eve.
-tnsthevn'eve vai. what kind. -tnsthevno'eve? What kind (or type) is he (for example, of
what military rank)?
-tnsta' vai. how long hair. -tnst'e? How long is his hair? -tnst'tov vta. how treat s.o.?, however act toward s.o. N-tnst'tvo? How are you treating him?
Nsa-tnst'tovhe. I didn't do anything to him. -tnst'tovho? How did he act towards him? tav'eehomsesto vo'stanho tshne'e-tnst'too'se. They put a curse on someone
that comes against them. (1987:211). Reduplicated: -totnst'tov. See: -tnetostom'he'tov; tnh; -tn'tov; -tnstam.
-tnstotse
vai. what become; what happen (to s.o.). -tnstotse? What did he become? H'e to's-tnstotse. Maybe something is going to be wrong (with him) (1987:195). vii: tnsotse. of numbers which tell how many. These numbers are found individually throughout this dictionary and commonly used ones are also listed above as a group. These numbers are pronounced the same, regardless of whether the things they are referring to are animate or inanimate. For Cheyenne numbers which tell how many times something is done, see the entry Tnstoha 'How many times?'. na'stse one. nee two. na'he three. neve four. noho five. naesohto six. nsohto seven. na'nohto eight. sohto nine. mhtohto ten. ns'e twenty. na'no'e thirty. nv'e forty. tnstoha How many times? See: hesto many; thkomo a few. Tnesto no'hamoo'o? How many (fish) did you catch? Naa oha tnesto tshetaa'he'konhtse htshhe nho'manstsnne. But however many of us
tnesto p. How many?; however many. This question can be answered with one of the numbers from the set
who were healthy, we made it back here. [1987:37:31]
tnstoha p. How many times?; however many times. This question can be answered with one of the
numbers from the set of numbers which tell how many times something is done. These numbers are found individually throughout this dictionary and commonly used ones are also listed above as a group. For Cheyenne numbers which tell how many things there are, see the entry Tnesto 'How many?'. no'ka once. nexa twice. na'ha 3 times. neva 4 times. nhona 5 times. naeshtoha 6 times. nshtoha 7 times. na'nhtoha 8 times. sohtoha 9 times. mhthtoha 10 times. Tnstoha he'taeamenvhtse? (I don't know) how many times they had stopped. [1987:26] See: tnesto how many; -tnstoha How many are there of them (inanimate)?.
-tnstoha vii. How many (inanimate) are there? -tnsthnstse? How many (inanimate) are there?
The question -tnsthnstse can be answered with a verb which tells how many inanimate things there are. These verbs are found individually throughout this dictionary and commonly used ones are also listed here as a group. n'ka'e. There is one (inanimate). nxnstse. There are two (inanimate). na'hnstse. There are three (inanimate). nvnstse. There are four (inanimate). nhonnstse. There are five (inanimate). naeshthnstse. There are six (inanimate). nshthnstse. There are seven (inanimate). na'nhthnstse. There are eight (inanimate). sohthnstse. There are nine (inanimate). mhththnstse. There are ten (inanimate). Ns'e nhesthnstse. There are twenty (inanimate; lit., 20 they are that many). hesthnstse. There are many (inanimate). Ts-tnstha nhosta? What grade are you in (esp. in school) (lit. how many have you studied/read). See: tnstoha How many times?; tnstoxe How many (animate) are there?.
-tnstha'nto vii. what number in sequence. ts-no'ka'nto the first one. tsnxa'nto the second
one. tsna'ha'nto the third one. tsnva'nto the fourth one.
-tnsthavno'eve tnsthe-
vai. what kind (of work, etc.) ?? -tnsthavno'eve? What is his work (business; position etc.)? i. pv. how long in time; be of some length of time. See: amsthe-. Mhmnetnstheanamhhe. She was sometime in early age/. [1987:21] Mxho'-tnstheenhevhe. However many nights it took them. [1987:44] N-tnstheen'tse? How many nights did you camp? -tnsthee'hma? How many months old is he?/How many months along (for
example, in pregnancy) is she?
tnsthe'e
p. how many years, however many years. ma'xe-tnsthe'e onthvhstnva mtanhe'xvhanhe as it has been for many ages and many generations ago (1987:100). See: 'e. vai. how old. -tnstheanma? How many years old is he? Mhmnetnstheanamhhe. She was sometime in early age. [1987:21] na'h'e for three days. nv'e for four days. a'e tnsth'e after a few days. [1987:104,
210]
-tnstheanam
tnsth'e p. how many days, however many days. no'k'e for one day. n'e for two days.
tnstheno'e p. How many days?, How many nights?, so many nights. See: tnsth'e; -no'e2.
-tnstheeno'ts
vai. camp for how many nights. Ntnstheen'tse? How many nights did you camp? fai: -o'ts1. vai. how many months. esp. how old, or how far along in pregnancy. tnsthee'hma. How many months old is he?/How many months along (for example, in
-tnsthee'ham
pregnancy) is she?
-tnstheohts vai. how many go; however many go. not used with sg. subjects. -tnstheohtseo'o
How many are going? Ntao's-tnstheohtsme How many of you (pl) are going to go? nhe'e mhne'vanhtsooh'thehhe (ms)-tnstheohtshevhe ksovaheho Then they came back looking for her, however many young men came. (1987:292).
-tnsthnehn vai. bear how many children. Apparently this can also be asked of a father, also? tnsthnhne How many children has she born?
tnsthn'e p. however much in numbers in the twenties. -tnsthnohe vai. have how many relatives. -tnsthnohe How many relatives does he have? -tnstneehe
vai. be what size of stringlike entity. -tnstneehe What size is he (stringlike for example, rope, snake)?
-tnstoxe vai. How many (animate) are there?; however many (animate) there were. This verb is only
used with plural subjects.Variant: -thtxe. -tnstxeo'o? How many are they (animate)? Ntnstxme? How many of you (plural) are there? Naa ms-tnstxhevhe mstaashtoo'hehevhe. And however many (suspects) there were, they were taken away to prison. [1987:185] The question -tnstxeo'o? can be answered with a verb which tells how many animate things there are. These verbs are found individually throughout this dictionary and commonly used ones are also listed above as a group. no'kahe. There is one (animate). neo'o. There are two (animate). na'heo'o. There are three (animate). nveo'o. There are four (animate). nhoneo'o. There are five (animate). naeshtxeo'o. There are six (animate). nshtxeo'o. There are seven (animate). na'nhtxeo'o. There are eight (animate). sohtxeo'o. There are nine (animate). mhthtxe'o. There are ten (animate). Nnme. There are two of us (excl). Nnvme. There are four of us (excl). hestxeo'o. There are many (animate). vii: -tnsth. See: tnesto How many?.
tne- i. how? See: tnet-. -tone ni. belly (poss.). this seems to refer to the surface of the stomach, for example, its contour,
while -oht refers to the insides. Medial: -oht, -as. ma-tone belly. na-tone my belly. he-tone his belly. na-tonxantse our (excl.) bellies. Etymology: *we0akeyi.
tne- pv. how?; somehow. Etymology: cf. C ta:nisi. See: tn-h-; me'-h. N-tnhne'na? How
do you know it? N-tnevhe? What is your name? (that is, How are you named?). with negative pv. sa- meaning of 'cannot, unable', similar to htse-: Nsa-tntshe'htshe I am not able to go (there). Nsa-tnenhevhe I can't/couldn't do it. Nsataometonexo'eth I couldn't do/accomplish it on my own. sa-tnh'thnheho (nheho?) He couldn't beat him. sa- 'not' + tne- 'how.able' + ne- 'stop' ( > 'not able to stop') yields a strong statement of continued action: ssa-tnenee'ko'hesstse He just kept looking out. (1987:298). naa v'ho'e msta-tonenstomnhhe And the whiteman must have heard it somehow. (Croft 1988:20:4). mh-tnh'xstanantse if we can be included somehow (1987:20). with negative and 'unable, fail to' preverbs sa- and htsegives forceful positive reading of 'absolutely can': sa-tnhtsevo'stanvstmanhe (God) can absolutely save (1987:117). Nme'-tntaomhtnve I cannot do anything by myself (1987:169). with preverbs me'- and h- acts as a strong rhetorical denial. Mnme'-tne-hve'ho''eveotse! There is no way I would turn into a white woman!
-tnahtm vta. how sound to s.o. typically used in ITA person combination, with inan. notional
subject. N-tnahtmaa'e How does it sound to you (for example, a tape)?
-tna'e vii. how feel in texture. See: -he'ka'e. -tna'e How does it feel (in texture)? -tnata vai. how feel in texture. -tnata How does he feel (in texture)? -tne-eeve vii. how be the day (esp. today). -tne-eeve How is today? (for example, How's the
weather? How are things going?).
-tnh vta. do what to s.o.; how need s.o. ?? See: -tn'tov; -tnst'tov. Nsa-tnhatshe I have
no use for you/I don't need you. mxomh'e nstse-tnho What are you going to do with a woman who is so available? (1987:244).
-tnhasen vai. have how many seeds up in the seed-in-basket game. Nsa-tnhasenhe I didn't
make any (seeds) up.
tn-h- pv. preverbs used in rhetorical questions. See: -me'-tn-h-. -tne'eme vai. how sound? -tne'eme What sound does he make? vii: -tnsvone. -tn't vti. how do to s.t., what do to s.t.? N-tn't? What did you do to it? Nsa-tn'the. I
didn't do anything to it. vai: -tnv; vta: -tn'tov.
-tn'tov vta. how do to s.o.?, what do to s.o.? may be avoided by some modern speakers because it
sounds like it contains the vulgar English word "shit". "Nhta-tn'tovosstse?" xheetanhoo'o. "What shall I do with him?" she thought. (Croft 1988:29:8). N-tn'tvo? What did you do to him? Nsa-tn'tovhe. I didn't do anything to him. Nne'hton'tovohe! I didn't do ANYTHING to him! (a strong denial of an accusation). mnme''heton'tovtse. I will not harm (lit. do anything to) you. (1987:290). Nstsev'-tn'tove! Don't do anything to me! See: -tnst'tov. vai: -tnv; vti: -tn't.
-tnema'xe vai. how smell. -tnema'xe. How does he smell? / What does he smell like? fai: ma'xe.
-tnemeotse vai. vii. how smell. -tnemeotse? How does it/he smell? -tnemenoo'xne vai. What color eyes? -tnemenoo'xne? What color eyes does he have? -tnne vai. how is the face, What is the matter with the face of s.o.? -tnne? What's the matter
with his face? Usage: can be humorous.
-tnnee'e vai. what kind of face. -tnnee'e? What kind of a face does he have? (sit??). The
following is a very humorous saying about someone who might be talking about the person who says this; this is usually said as a followup to the saying Nev'esstse tstotxem'stse? 'Someone must be talking about me,' which is said by someone who sneezes twice. Nhshma m-tnneehhe! His face must have been any old way! (a very funny saying). Notes (Phonology) vs
-tnenhkahe vai. be frivolous; silly. The silliness may be evidenced by giggling. The term can esp.
be applied to a loose woman, but it can refer to anyone who is frivolous. See: -tnenvahe; nhkahe. -tnenhkahe He is frivolous.
tnenhk'hhe na. silly; frivolous woman. -tnenon vai. how sing. -tnenne? What is he singing about? -tnenno'e vii. how look; how appear. -tnenno'e? How does it look? fii: -nno'e. -tnenohe vai. how look; how appear. -tnenohe? How does he look? -tnenohee'e vai. What does s.o. look like sitting? -tnenohee'e. What does he look like as he's
sitting (there)?
-tnenvahe vai. like (??) to show off. -tnenvahe He likes to show off. ?? See: -mnhkahe. tnenv'e na. loose woman; frivolous woman; prostitute; harlot; whore; lewd woman. Even though
chastity was, traditionally, a culturally important element for Cheyenne women, these women have been be part of Cheyenne culture for a long time. They are mentioned in Cheyenne hhta'heontse (stories). See: mth'e.Pl: tnenve'eo'o.
Tnenve'o'h'e ni. Lewd Woman River. This is a tributary of the Powder River in Wyoming,
now known as Crazy Woman Fork.
-tnee vai. how lie. -tne? How is he lying? fai: -ee. -tnetan vai. how feel mentally (or emotionally). N-tnetno? What are you thinking/How are
you feeling (mentally or emotionally)? Reduplicated: -totnetan; Final: -tan. See: -tnetan; tnetomhtahe.
-tnetsest vti. what think about s.t. N-tntssta? What do you think about it? -tnv vai. what do, do something. N-tnve? What are you doing? Nve-tnve? What have
you been doing? Nsa-tnvhe. I'm not doing anything. -tnve? What is he doing? -
tnveo'o? What are they doing? -tnvstove? What's going on (for example, over there)? Nme'ta-tnvmse? What (in the world) should I do? (attributive mode). -tnvsesto? I wonder what they are doing? (attributive mode; the speaker can't see them). statnvhoono? They were doing something (preterit mode). Nhshma -tnveo'o. They do anything (like, just any old thing). Nhse-tnvme? What have you (pl) done again?
(commonly used to tease: for example, when seeing the ambulance go by, teasing between people of different reservation districts: What did you (guys) do again?!). This, and a number of other word-internal question verbs, can combine with the preverb h- to create emphatic rhetorical questions (which function as exclamations). See some preceding examples in this entry. Nh-tonve? What did you do?! (for example, I heard that you did something and I'm bawling you out)/What did you do this time?! vh-tonve? What in the world did he do? Nne'h-tonevehe! I didn't do ANYTHING! Hhkse nme'hse-tnve?! What else could I do?! vta: -tn'tov. See: -tnevh.
-tnevhe vai. how named, named how.Literally: How are you named?. N-tnevhe? What is your
name? -tnevhe? What is his name? -tntshsevhe? What is his Cheyenne name? See: vhesttse.
-tnvtan vai. what want to do. -tnvtno What does he want to do? ?? -tnevo'e'ov vta. 1 how inflict injury on s.o. N-tnevo'e'vo? How much did you injure him?
2 how chase s.o. Tsa'e n-tnevo'e'vo? Where did you chase him to?
-tnvone vai. how sound. -tnvone? How does it sound? / What kind of sound is it?Variant: tnsvone.
tnet- i. how? See: tne-. tneta'e p. however much. naa hna'hanehe nhhta'hne tnetaa'e tshne'enmo and I have told
however much I know (1987:97). Notes (Phonology) iah See: nheta'e.
-tnetaa'emenoo'
vii. what size (of berry-shaped objects). -tnetaa'emeno'e? What size is it? Reduplicated: -tnettaa'emenoo'.
-tnetaa'ene'ho't vii. Medial: -ene'ho't ??.how big be a room. -tnetaa'ene'h'ta? How big is the
room?
-tnetaa'neehe vai. how big around (of a ropelike entity). -tnetaa'neehe? How big around is he
(ropelike for example, rope or snake)? Medial: -n.
-tnetaa'too'e vii. how deep (of a hole); deep -how. -tnetaa'too'e? How deep is it (hole)? -tnetaeta
vai. how sized, of what size. -tnetaeta? What size is he? See: -ma'haeta; -thpeta; hahpeta; -hahketa.
tnethke'e p. however small amount. See: tke'e. naa hva tnethke'e s'toennvse htsetseha
and maybe they still hang on to a small portion of it (medicine power) now (1987:108).
-tnetho'he vai. how cooked; cooked how. -tnetho'he? How is he cooked? ohke-tnetho'heo'o
mo'kht'ne? How are turnips cooked?
-tnetho't vii. how cooked. -tneth'ta How is it cooked (for example, is it done yet)? -tnethtohe vai. how sound, how howl. -tnethtohe? How does he howl? / What sound does he
make? Final: -ahtohe. See: nstoohe; -tne'eme.
-tnetan vai. how want to do ?? Ma'heo'o sahts-tnetanhe. God can do all things (lit. does not fail
to do).\. See: -tnetan.
-tnetao' vii. what size; be of some size. -tneta'o What size is it? ms-tnetao'hanhe hne no one
knows the proportion of that (Ark) (1987:236).
-tnettamno'e -tont
vii. how be the environment. -tnettamno'e? How is the environment (for example, landscape; weather)? Notes (Phonology) iah vii. be cold (of the weather). -tonto. It's cold. sa-tonthane. It's not cold. hthetontoo'stse whenever it's really cold. osee-tonto. It's very cold. hohe-tonto. It's very very cold. kse-tonto. It's very (lit. sharp) cold. v'hke-tonto. It's very (lit. bitter) cold. mmse-tonto. It's very (lit. shitty) cold. See: -tootom; -ton; -koomenoo'e.
-tnetoe't vii. hang; cling. -tneto'to? How is it hanging?
-tnetoem
vta. how count s.o., how price s.o., however value s.o. -tnetoeme? What is its/his price/value? -tnetoemho? How much did he want for him?/How much did he cost/count to him? sa-tnetoemheho. He doesn't have a price for him. See: -tnetom.
-tnetom vta. how related to s.o. N-tnetomo? How are you related to him? -tnetoemo? How is he
related to him? sa-tnetomheho. He's not related to him. -tnetomhtstnstse? How are they (inan.) related to each other? [1987:310] Notes (Phonology) note that there is only a pitch
difference (with accompanying change in obviative suffixation) between -tnetoemo and -tnetoemho See: -tnetoem.
-tnetoeme vii. vai. how priced, what price, what cost. -tnetoeme? How much does it/he cost? -tnetostomo'he vai. of what personality, how act. See: -phvostomo'he. -tnetoestomo'he What is
his personality like?/How does he act?
-tnetostom'he'tov vta. how act toward s.o. -tnetoestom'he'tovho How does he act towards
him?
-tnetostn vai. how much charge. N-tnetostne? How much do you charge? -tnethomo'he vai. how dance. -tnethom'heo'o? What kind of dance did they dance? xhe'hketnethom'hvhtse however they did that dance (1987:28). Final: -ohom'he.
-tnethoo'e vai. how swim (of fish, ducks, beavers, snakes, et al); wade (of people). tsa'e tnethoo'e Which way (direction) is he swimming? Notes (Phonology) vs Final: -ohoo'e.
-tneththeve vai. vii. how designed; how colored. -tneththeve? What kind of design does it/he
have? See: -heththeve.
-tneththve'xan vai. have eyes of what color. -tneththve'xne What color are his eyes? -tneththo't vii. how colored from heat (or sun). -tnethth'ta What color is it from heat (or
sun)? me'-tneththo'tnstse he'tohe mentse? What color should these berries be when ripe?
-tnet'a'xe vai. what say. idiom ("byword") that means about the same as asking what someone has
said, for example, xhevoo'o? 'What did he say?'. N-tnet'a'xe? What did you say? fai: 'a'xe. See: -xhevoo'o.
-tnet'an vai. What talk about?, How say something? N-tnet'ne? What are you talking about? /
How did you say that? Reduplicated: -totnet'an.
-tneto'etahe vai. what do. -tneto'etahe? What did he do? Reduplicated: -totneto'etahe. tnet'e'e p. how often, every so far apart, certain distances apart. -tneto'emaohe p. how sentenced, what sentence. -tneto'emaohe? What sentence did he get? -tnet'shaht vai. How big feet. -tnet'shhta? How big feet does he have? See: -t'es. -tneto'omeeotse
vai. how affected by tragedy suddenly. -tneto'omeeotse? What sudden tragedy happened to him? ohkenhpav'e-tneto'omeeotsnove. It comes back to you from that (that is, if you've done s.t. wrong, whatever you did comes back to bother you again).
-tneto'omenehe vai. what tragedy happened to. -tnete'omenehe? What kind of tragedy happened to
him? H'e tsa'e thhe nto'stoneto'omenhema. Maybe somewhere there something's going to happen to us. [Croft] See: -ho'omenehe; -etsetan.
tonet'omenhhe
na. troubled bad.Pl: tonet'omenhheo'o.
person;
person
who
experienced
something
-tneto'ots'tov vta. how have use for s.o. See: -tonh. Nsa-tneto'ots'tovatshe. I have no use for
you. (This statement would make the hearer feel very bad.).
-toneto't
vii. how sit. -tonet'ta? How is it sitting/positioned? -toneto'tnstse nama'aetave'xanstottse? How are my eyeglasses sitting (on my nose)? vii: -tnetoo'e.
-tneto'xev vai. how vow, vow something. especially refers to a religious vow. sa-tneto'xevhe.
He didn't make any vow. See: -nheto'xev; -hoxhe'ev; vstomsan.
-tnetma' vai. how painted. Nstse-tnetm'e? Which paint do you want? (that is, How do you want
to be painted?). [87:28] fai: -ma'.
-tnetma'o'e vii. what kind of ground. -tnetma'o'e? What kind of land is it? What's the condition
of the ground? -tnetma'o'nse nhno? What kind of country is it over there? [JOURNEY.TXT] Final: -ma'o'e.
-tnetoma't vti. how s.t. feel (to someone). -tnetom'ta? How does it (for example, his head) feel
to him?
-tnetomhtahe
vai. how feel (physically). -tnetomhtahe? How does he feel (physically)? tav'hsto'omenhnvo tsssamhae-tnetomhthhese kse'eheho ksovaheho. (Liquor) kills them when they were healthy, young women, young men. (1987:61). Tsa'e nsaxaetnetomhthhe. I did not feel any pain anywhere (in my body). (1987:202). See: tne'xvomhtahe; -tnetan.
-tnetomhthotse vai. how come to feel physically. htao-tnetomhthotsesstse however they

got sick (FAMILY.TXT).
-tnetnot vii. how thick. -tnetnto? How thick is it? -tnetnov

vai. what talk about. -tnetnva? What was he talking about? fai: -nov. See: tnetonv how hang drymeat. tonetnov what talk about.
-tnetonv vai. how hang drymeat. -tnetonva? How does she hang drymeat? fai: -onv. See: -tontohts vii. turn cold. hno'ease-tonthtse It also started to get cold (1987:29). -tnetoo'e vai. how sit. -tnetoo'e? How is he sitting? vii: -tneto't. -tneto'xev vai. how announce. -tneto'xva? What is he announcing? -tnettaa'emenoo'
vii. what size (of berry shaped objects). only of pl. subjects. tnettaa'emenoo'nstse? What size are they (berries; inan.)? Notes (Phonology) redup Nonreduplicated: -tnetaa'emenoo'.
-tnettaa'nstse vii. be of what size. Notes (Phonology) redup only of pl. subjects. -tnettaa'nstse
What size are they (inan.)?
-tnetotse'ohe vai. what work. N-tnetotse'ohe? What kind of work do you do? / What is your job?
See: -hotse'ohe work.
-tnetov
vai. how furred; what hair. refers to the coat of an animal. -tnetva? How is he furred/What kind of hair (coat) does he (animal) have?
-tnetxe'ohe vii. how be written. -tnetxe'ohe How is it written?/How (should) it be spelled? -tontsest vti. hold s.t. in the mind; think on s.t.; mull over s.t. See: -toetan'tov; -m'etan'tov. tontssta. He held it in his mind/he thought on it/he mulled it over.
-ton vii. cool, cold (of an object). -tont refers to cold weather. -tno. It is cool. sa-tonhane. It is not
cool. See: -toome; -tont.
-tonostomo'he
vai. wait. -tonostomo'he. He's waiting. ?? Final: -ostom'he; vta: -tonom. See: tonosan.
Tonee'he na. Cool Moon, September. possible alternative month name. See: Tonevee'he?. tonva obl. in the fall; in the autumn.Literally: when it is cool. -toneve vii. be fall; autumn. See: -ton. -toneve It is fall. Etymology: *tahkwa:ki-. Tonevee'he Fall Moon; September. See: Tonee'he. -tnohe vai. thick. -tnohe homa. The blanket is thick. vii: -tnot. -tonhen vai. hammer; nail. See: -tooneohen. -tonhne He hammered/nailed. IndepNoun: thohko. tonhen-mh'o ni. blacksmith shop.Literally: hammer-house. tonhenve'ho'e na. blacksmith. -tonht vti. make s.t. cold in the mouth ?? -tonhta. He made it cold in his mouth. See: -tonoht. -tonoht vii. cold. of an object. -tonhta. It is cold. vai: -tonahe. See: -tonht; -toon; -tonotht. -tonhta'h vii. be a cold wind. -tonht'ha. It is a cold wind. Antonym: -mhtona'h.
-tonhtma'oo'e vai. sit on cold ground. can be a cold floor, also. -tonhtma'oo'e. He's sitting on
cold ground. See: -tonhtoo'e.
-tonhtomhtahe vai. feel chilled. N-tonhtomhtahe. I feel chilled. See: -n'tose. -tonhtoo'e vai. sit cold. -tonhtoo'e. He's sitting cold. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -tonhtma'oo'e. -tonhtoo'kho vii. cool rain, rain cool. -tonhtoo'kho. It's a cool rain. -tono'e vai. support self. -tono'e. He is supporting (himself). for instance, hanging from a tree branch
or supporting himself on pieces of furniture as he walks around.
-ton'ee'e vai. grip, hold, hang on. Ton'ee'e! Hang on! (said to more than one person; this could be
said to passengers in your car when you are about to speed across a busy street). -ton'eeo'o. They held on. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -toen; -nha'en.
-ton'eet vta. tie s.o. to be firmly fastened. for example, to tie someone to a saddle to help them hang
on. -ton'eetho. He secured him so he would hang on firmly. [1987:285-286)]
-ton'e't vti. hang on; grip; hold on to s.t. See: -toen. -ton''ta He's hanging on to it (for example, a
tree branch, to keep from falling). vta: -ton'e'tov.
-ton'e'tov vta. hang on to s.o., grip s.o., hold on to s.t. -ton'e'tovho He's hanging on to him (for
example, to keep from falling, or holding his hand while walking across a log, so as not to fall). vti: -ton'e't. See: -toen hold s.o..
-ton'eotse vai. hang on, grip, hold on. can refer to hanging on to a tree branch so as not to fall to the
ground. -ton'eotse. He is hanging on. [1987:26] See: -ton'e'tov; -toen.
tono's'o
ni. refrigerator.Literally: cooler. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: tono'seontse. See: tootmh'o; he'konhtve'ho's'o.
-ton'ts vti. cool s.t. Nto'se-ton'tse. I'm going to cool it. -tonoht vti. wait for s.t. -tonhta He waited for it. vta: -tonom. -tonom
[1987:296]
vta. wait for. -tonoomho. He waited for him. Ms-tonomhevhe. She waited for him. vai: -tonosan.
-tonosan vai. 1 wait for. See: -maa'e.

2 fig., court. often referred to how a young man would traditionally court a woman, standing outside her dwelling. -tonsne. He's courting.
-tonsenohe vai. look cool. -tonsenohe. He looks cool. -tonseomo'e vii. cold inside. for example, inside a room. -tonseomo'e. It's cold here inside the
room. -tonseomeo'ehe? Is it cold inside? Notes (Phonology) iah
-tons-tshes vii. be cool (weather) ?? -tonstshso. It is cool (weather). See: -tootom; -ton; tont.
-tnot vii. thick. See: -tont; -khkon; -tnov. -tnto. It is thick. vai: -tnohe. -tonotht vti. 1 hold s.t. in the mouth. -tonothta. He held it in his mouth. A: Nenha'enahe
nmeo'tse? B: H, ne-tonothta. A: Did you catch the song (for example, a new song for you to sing)? B: Sure, I already have it in my mouth (that is, I can sing it already). vta: tonotm; Synonym: -nmotht. See: -tonht. 2 have information. Usage: fig.. N-tonothta tsmna'e. I have news. (lit. I am holding s.t.
new in my mouth.).
-tonotm vta. hold s.o. in the mouth. -tonotomo. He's holding him in his mouth. s-tonotmhoono.
He held him in his mouth (surp.) (1987:285). Final: -m.
t(n)ov- i. thick. See: tov-. -tnovahe vai. thick. Homa -tnovahe. The blanket is thick. -tnovhonn vai. make skillet bread. -tnovhonne. She made skillet bread.Literally: thick-bake. tnovhonnesttse
ni. skillet. especially for baking bread; this would be a cast iron skillet.Literally: thick-frying-NOM.
tnovhonoo'o ni. skillet bread; pan bread. See: tho'khonoo'o.
-tnovahtse vai. thick lips. -tnovhtse. He has thick lips. -tnova'omoht vii. frozen thick. -tnova'omhta. It is frozen thick. fii: -oht2 cold. -tnova'ov vta. ?? N-tnova'vo? ?? -tnovan vti. thicken s.t. ?? -tnovna. ?? He ?? See: -honovan. -tnovax vti. cut s.t. thick. for example, to cut meat in thick slices. -tnovxa. He cut it thick. tnove- pv. thick; folded. tnov-'hno canvas (lit. thick-cloth). tnove-stse'he coat (lit. thick-shirt).
heko'semaho -tnovevonhneo'o Crickets were crawling around thick. See: -tnto; -honot.
-tnova'e vii. thick in texture. -tnova'e. It is thick in texture. See: -tnot. tnovestse'he na. thick coat, winter coat. -tnoveh vii. lie thick, thick. -tnovha. It's lying in a thick layer. for instance, of a bunch of flour
spilled on the ground.
tnovhono'ko na. mattress.Pl: tnovhon'kono. See: hono'ko. -tnovema'eh vii. thick book, thick stack of papers.Literally: thick-paper-lie. -tnovema'ha. It's a
thick book / It's a thick stack of papers. Usage: possible neologism or loan transl.. fii: -eh.
-tnovenohee'e vai. sit covered with a blanket. -tnovenohee'e. He is sitting covered with a blanket. -tnove vai. stand thick. used with plural subjects. -tnoveeo'o. There's a big crowd. -tnovsan vai. dressed thick, wear thick clothing. for example, to be dressed with several layers of
clothing. -tnovsne. He's wearing layers and layers / he's wearing thick clothing. fai: -san2.
-tnovee vai. thick piled, lie thick. -tnovne. They (e.g. boards) are piled thick. tnov'hno na. canvas, tarp.Literally: thick-cloth. See: 'hno; vhp'hno. -tnovev'hnse
vai. have See: hev'henoto.
thick eyebrows.
-tnovev'hnse.
He has thick eyebrows.
-tnov vii. be thick. See: -tnot. -tnvo. It's thick. See: -hnov. -tnovo'hasen vai. pile things thick ?? -tnovo'hasne He has things piled thick/deep (for example,
under his bed).
-tnov'ohe vai. thick; dense. of trees or tubers. Final: -'ohe. -tnov'heo'o. They (e.g. trees) are
thick (dense).
-tnovo't
vii. piled high, thick pile. -tnov'ta. It is thick/it is stacked high. -tnovo'tnstse vhpottse. The leaves are piled high.
-tnovo'xe vai. thick load carry. -tnovo'xe. He's carrying a heavy load. -tnovneehe vai. piled thick ropelike. -tnovneehe. He (ropelike) is piled thick. -tnovn'o vii. grow thick, thickly grow. -tnovn'o. It grew thickly. tnovono'ko na. mattress.Literally: thick-quilt. Variant: (probably less common) tnovono'o. -tnovoomxe vai. lie under thick blankets. N-tnovoomxe I covered up with more quilts. -tnovovs vai. have thick hair. -tnovovse. He has thick (quantity) hair. can be said of a newborn
baby.
-tnovvo'ee vai. thick covered. esp. of blankets. -tnovvo'e. He has thick covers. Antonym: khkonvo'ee.
-tnovxe'ohe vii. be a thick book. -tnovxe'ohe. It's a thick book.Literally: thick-written. Toh'e na. Howls Along Woman. Non-contracted: Amhtoh'e. -tohevv'an
vai. be repetitive in pronounciation. See: -totev'an; -t'stsstman. tohevv'ne He was repetitive (in words). Reduplicated: -totohevv'an; fai: -'an. See: toox-. Etymology: cf. M tapa:hnakocen. -
-toohose vai. hang low, fly low. -toohose. He is hanging low (for example, low lying fog, lit. turtle). -tooho'ose vai. be short. -tooho'ose. He (for example, horse) is not very tall.Literally: low-hang.
-tooho' vai. look while stooped, stoop looking. -tooh'o. He looked while in a stooped position.
ts'hkevhe-ha'e-htno'e=tooho'nove ma'xemen'stse tshn'e You can see quite a
distance underneath plum bushes where it is clear. (1987:289).
-toohom vta. stoop looking at s.o. -toohomho. He was stooped down looking at him. See: -vom; v'hoom.
-to''ee'tov vta. face to face with s.o. -to''ee'tovho. He is face to face with him. [Hymn 96] See: to'e'ov; -xamaa''o'tov.
-too'ehe vai. tied, jailed. -too'ehe. He is tied up (for example, a dog) / he is in jail. M-too'hehevhe
ntxtoo'hemhene. They were jailed at the barracks prison. toe'ven.
[1987:182]
vta: -too'et. See: -
-too'hee'e vai. sit tied, sit in jail. esp. refers to being in jail. -too'hee'e. He's sitting (esp. in jail).
Nsa'va-too'hehme. We aren't prisoners anymore. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -too'eto.
too'hmh'o ni. jail.Literally: tied.up(.in)-house. -too'hee vai. lie tied. -too'he. He's lying tied up. too'hve'ho'e na. prisoner.Literally: tied.up-ve'ho'e. -too'hvo'emaoohe
vai. thrown in jail; jailed. 'hket'hhneenha'e'a ho'emanesttse taohketoo'hvo'emaoohe. You come against the law, you get thrown in jail. [1987:60]
-too'hvo'emaov vta. sentence s.o. to jail. See: -navo'emaov; -ho'emaov. N-too'hvo'emaovtse. I

sentence you to jail. -too'hvo'emaovho. He sentenced him to jail.
-too'hvotse'ohe
vai. do community service.Literally: jail-work. -too'hvotse'ohe. He's doing community service. This is work required as part of a court sentence.
-to'e'san vai. disagree; criticize. ohke-to'e'sne. He (regularly) disagrees. va-to'e'sne. He

gaveaway in return.
-to'e'ov
vta. meet s.o., confront s.o., resist s.o.; come against s.o. meet physically, not 'make acquaintance'; can be neutral 'meet' or 'come up against s.o.' in a negative way. -to'e'ovho. He met him. -to'e'vhtseo'o. They met. Nhtamoh-too'e'ovne. In the morning we will go meet him. [1987:53] See: -to''ee'tov; -vaots'tov; -hnetsstov; -mheeohts.
-to'ee'tov vta. challenge s.o., stand up against s.o. -to'ee'tovho. He stood up against him / he
challenged him.
-to'eotse
vii. become full. for example, a tepee full of people. -to'eotse. It got filled. See: 'otmo'en.
-to'seh vta. copy s.o., mimic s.o. N-to'ee. You're mimicking me. See: -hxe'stsh; -to'stseh. -to's'ov vta. vta. kick s.o. in the butt. -to's'ovho. He kicked him in the butt.
2 vta. defeat s.o. strongly. Usage: fig.; probably borrowed from the English idiom of 'kick butt'. See: -o'hoht'ov; -to'sn.
-to'sn vta. hit s.o. in the rear, rear end s.o. can refer to rear ending the car of s.o., as well as hitting
s.o.'s butt. N-to'sena. He rear ended me. N-to'snoo'o. I rear ended them. BodyPartMedial: -'es. See: -to's'ov.
-to'sev'an
vai. imitate pronunciation. that is, to imitate the pronunciation of someone else. to'sev'ne. He's imitating the pronunciation.
-too'stan's vta. tie umbilical cord of s.o. -too'stane'so. (-too'sta'ne'so ??) She tied his umbilical
cord. See: hsta'he umbilical cord.
-too'ests vti. tie s.t. -too'stse. He tied it. vta: -too'et. See: -hna'oests. -to'stseh vta. copy s.o. -to'stshho. He copied him. N-to'stee. You copied me. See: -ta'ov; a'ov'seh; -toxe'; -hxe'stsh; -to'seh.
-t'stsstman
vai. repeat words ceremonially. refers to saying words twice, ceremonially. st'stsstmne He ceremonially repeated words (1987:114). See: -totohevv'an; totev'an; te-.
-to'ee vai. fall on butt. -to'e. He fell on his butt.
-too'et vta. tie s.o. See: -toot ?; -toe'ven; -hxe'et; -mano'et. Antonym: -onha'en. -too'etho. He tied
him. Hevaho n'-too'etneo'o tsto'sev'hxe'hvose hox'e. We tied the wrap-around rope for the poles. [1987:179] Too'eha! Tie him up! vti: -too'ests.
-too'eto'ham vai. tie horses, hitch up horses. -too'eto'hme. He hitched up horse(s) (for example,
brought a horse for a gift at an Indian wedding). Antonym: -onha'eno'ham. See: -tva'eto'ham.
-too'hame vai. bathe, swim. It may be that only people can do this; cf. -t'hon which can be done by
some other quadrupeds. -too'hame. He took a bath/he swam. Nth-too'hammne! Let's go swim! See: -amet'hon; -t'hon; -ohoo'e.
too'hammheo'o ni. bathroom, bathhouse, shower room. Usage: loan translation from English. The
commonly used term for 'toilet' (or 'bathroom') is o'hnmh'o. See: o'hnmh'o.
too'hamesttse ni. bath tub.Literally: bathing-thing. -too'hamot

vta. bathe s.o. -too'hamotho. He bathed him. -too'hamtahtse. He bathed himself. Too'hamxeha! Bathe him!
-to'haomev vta. see s.o. face to face ?? See: -te'a'e...?. -to'haomevho He saw him face to face ?? -to'homev vta. catch s.o. staring at oneself. N-to'homvo. I caught him staring at me. See: -vhoom; vom; -onmoom.
too's'hestottse ni. hair ties. toomaneh- vta. cool s.o. ?? -toomanhho (MOVE) He cooled him (for example, his temper). -tonean vta. fasten s.o., tie s.o. by hand. esp. a quilt. -toneanho hon'kono. She's tying a quilt(s)
(an.). See: toneoheo'o.
tonee-
pv. by inheritance; down through generation(s). N-toneemtne It was given to me by generations. -toneevhoneve. He's in a chief line. -tonee'a'ennvse vhonevesttse the chieftainship runs in their blood (lit. through the generations (through inheritance?) they own the chieftainship. tonee'amevo'stanhevesttse the next generation.
-toneeotse vai. vii. caught on a nail or barbed wire. N-toneeotse. I crawled through a barbed wire
fence and got caught on the wire. Natse'he -toneeotse. My shirt got caught on a nail.
toneeto
pv. from generation to generation, in succession. See: teto; te-; manhesttse. toneeto nensoneho your offspring (lit. from generation to generation, your children). toneeto hevo'stanmevho their people for generations (to come).
-toneoh vti. nail s.t. with a tool. -tonha. He nailed it with a tool. -toneohen vai. hammer; nail. -toneohne. He hammered. See: -tonhen. toneoh'o
ni. nail.Literally: hold(.down)(.thing). Notes (Phonology) vsPl: toneoheontse. (male voice) vai: -toneohen. See: -toen. Etymology: cf. Sh 0akkika:ni.
toneoheonne'taneo'o ni. wrecking bar.Literally: nail-puller. -tooman vti. cool s.t. liquid by hand. for example, by waving one's hand over the liquid. -toomna.
He cooled it (liquid) by hand.
-toome'e vai. drink cold liquid. -toome'e He drank cold liquid (for example, koolaid or soda
pop). Final: -ase'e.
toom'esttse ni. soft drink; soda pop; cold drink. probably loan transl. from English 'cold drink'.
Final: -ase'e.Pl: toom'stottse.
-toome vii. be cold water. -toome. It is cold water. Etymology: *tahka:kamyiwi. toomo'seo'o ni. water cooler. Usage: neologism. -tootma'h
vii. blow cool. phve-tootm'ha. It (for example, fan) is throwing off a nice cool feeling; It's a nice cool breeze. Final: -a'h wind.
-tootoman vti. vta. cool s.t./s.o. -tootomna He cooled it/he aired it. -tootmeotse vai. cool. N-tootmeotse I cooled off.
vii. -tootmeotse. It's (for example, the weather) cooled off.
-tootmee vai. lie in a cool place. -tootme. He slept in a cool place.
-tootm vii. cool. for example, in a log house or cool weather. -tootmo. It is cool. See: -ton; tont; -tooome.
tootmh'o vai. cooler, air conditioner, fan. See: ton's'o; v'vanheo'o. -tootmhon vai. cool. -tootmhne. He cools (for example, by waving a paper fan). -tootmhont vii. cool. -tootmhonto. It (for example, a fan) is cooling. -tootmo'eohts
vai. travel by wagon in the cool. -tootmo'ehtse. He's traveling by wagon where/when it is cool.
-tootmoo'e vai. Notes (Phonology) vssit cool. N-tootmoo'e. I'm sitting in a cool place. -tootmsan
vai. dress cool. N-tootmsne. You are dressed cool (for example, in shorts and sandals). fai: -san2.
totseha p. very long ago. Notes (Phonology) lengthened form of ttseha for rhetorical emphasis See: ttseha. tov- i. doubled, folded. Reduplicated: totov-. See: tnov-. -tovahtsen vai. Medial: -ahtsen.have thick lips. -tovhtse He has thick lips. -tovan vti. fold s.t., double s.t. -tovna. He doubled it/he folded it (up). -tovanantse hone'ontse.
She's folding the clothes. vta. fold s.o., double s.o. -tovanho. He doubled him/he folded him. Tovaneha homa! Fold up the blanket! Reduplicated: -totovan; vai: -tovanen; Antonym: -v-shpan. See: hohpo'ema'en.
-tovanen vai. fold. -tovanne. He is folding. for example, folding clothes. vti: -tovan. tovaneome ni. double lodge. two tepees put together to make one large tepee to accommodate a large
gathering.
-tovema'en vti. vta. double s.t./s.o. -tovema'na. Reduplicated: -totovema'en. -tovenht vti. hem s.t. -tovenhta. She hemmed it. [pd 544] vta: -tovent; vai: -toven'. -toven'e vai. sew batting. such as for the liner of a quilt. -toven'e. She's sewing batting. vta: tovent; vti: -tovenht.
toven'esttse na. batting. for example, for quilt liners. -tovent vta. sew lining into s.o. -tovenoto. She sewed a lining into him (for example, a blanket,
animate). Tovenxeha! Sew a lining in him! vai: -toven'; vti: -tovenht.
Tovehts'e
na. Doubling Back Woman. Usage: translation uncertain.
possibly Shaking Off Woman. See: -ooveohts.
Toveotse Folded (Shaking Off ?). -tovo't vii. stacked.Literally: fold-sit. stacked a single time, for instance, one cup stacked on top of
another; for multiple objects in a stack, see -totovo't. -tovo'tnstse. They (inanimate) are stacked. Reduplicated: -totovo't.
toox- i. low. -tooxan vta. bend low s.o. -tooxanho. He bent him low. tooxe- pv. low. -tooxeoh'e. He arose from a bentover position. -tooxehn
vai. walk low. for example, underneath branches. ts'eteame-tooxhnse as she was walking underneath (1987:289). See: -tooxeohts.
toxe'- i. copy. -tooxe' vti. copy s.t. See: -to'stseh; -tomanests. -toox'a He copied it (extant?). -toxe'stn vai. copy write. See: -mxe'stn. -toxe'stne He copied (in writing). -tooxe'h vai. fly low. -toox'ha. He flew low. -toxe'oh vti. copy s.t. by tool. for example, with a pen. -toxe'ha He's copying it. -toxe'oh(n) vta. copy s.o. (by tool). See: te-. -toxe'hnho He copied him (by tool) (for example,
wrote on stone (an.) with a chisel).
-tooxemohe vai. struggle to stoop over. -tooxemohe. He's struggling to stoop over. -tooxenon vai. sing low ?? See: -mo''xoe'hahe. tema'xemo''e-tooxenne She sang a real low alto
(1987:150).
-tooxeohts
vai. walk stooped. See: -tooxehn. -tooxehtse He squatted down while walking (for example, to avoid low hanging branches).
tooxene p. underneath. hne'ametooxhnesstse htno'e te-tooxene. He was coming towards (her)

underneath the brush (1987:289). Synonym: htno'e.
-tooxe'e vai. stoop, stand stooped over, stand with stooped back. -tooxe'e. He's standing stooped
over.
tooxese ni. little finger ?? Usage: may be neologism or loan translation from Petter.Literally: low-finger.
Variant: tke'e-mo'ko. See: -(hk)os.
-tooxee vai. lie low, crouch. can be used to describe someone leaning over doing beadwork close to
their head; the person does not have to be lying down for this word to be used, but they do need to be crouched down or leaning over lower than normal. -tooxe. He's lying low.
-tooxhomo'he vai. dance low. -tooxhomo'he. He's dancing low. -tooxo'hotse vai. crouch running, run crouched down. -tooxo'hotse. He's running crouched down.
for instance, while running from the police.
tooxo'hamso na. Shetland pony, donkey. Usage: meaning of 'donkey' for at some speakers; others
prefer a'kevo'ha for 'donkey'.Literally: low-horsey. Pl: tooxo'hamsono. See: a'kevo'ha.
-tooxoo'e vai. sit low. -tooxoo'e. He's sitting low. Notes (Phonology) vs -tooxomno'e vii. low lying weather. for example, fog, low lying clouds, or smoke. -tooxomno'e.
There is low lying smoke/clouds.
tsa'e
p. Where?, somewhere, nowhere. See: naa. Tsa'e nhoo'e? Where do you live? Tsa'e nhotse'ohe? Where do you work? Tsa'e ntao'stshe'htse? Where are you going? Tsa'e nto'ssatshe'htshe. I'm not going anywhere. Tsa'e h'ta navhkha'e? Where is my cap? Tsa'e n'e nstotse? Where is your horse (lit. Where is your pet standing)? Tsa'e hoe'tnstse? Where are the berries (lit. Where are they clinging)? Tsa'e nho'ostne? How far have you read? Tsa'e mtaevatne'htshevhe. They must have gone somewhere else. Reduplicated: totsa'e.
tsa'=hma p. Just where at? -tose sfx. second person (with third person plural object) conjunct participle. tshemme-tose your
grandfathers. Notes (Phonology) /-to-se/Variant: -ts.
tsepv. truly, for sure. -tsenheve He did it on purpose ?? Ns-tse'omxhahtsme. You will
bring it on yourselves for sure. naa mhv'mxanomse nstse-tsev'hovneehnvo and if you (pl) touch it (the Tabernacle) you will surely die (from it) (1987:236).Variant: tse-. Particle: ts'e.
ts'e p. on purpose; definitely; for sure. See: on'seme-. Ts'e aneve. It's truly winter. Ts'e
ntshstahe. I'm still an Indian (that is, Don't try to make me into a whiteman!). Ts'e nnheto'hotse. I ran off the road (for example, with car) on purpose (could be said to cover up for what was really an accident). Ts'e nne'tam'tovatsemeno. Ts'e hhe'e, nhetatsemeno Truly we depend on you. Truly "yes" we say to you. (1987:199). Ts'e taomenhso. It's just THAT way! (That's the way it is--there's no explanation.). Ts'e ohkenhoo'e. He stays for sure. Preverb: tse-. Notes (Phonology) vs
tota'va p. nightly. "Haho," nohkev'hto Ma'heo'o oeeva tota'va. "Thank you," I therefore say
to God every day (and) night. reduplicated: taa'va.
[1987:200]
Notes (Phonology) redup Antonym: oeva; Non-
toteto p. each of them. See: nonn'stse. toteto nhe hovhne naa nvh'themeno each of those
animals (said), "Well, you beat us." (1987:247).
totev- pv. divided. naa nhhe tss-totevhamstevse and there where they were seated divided
(separated) (Stamper 1991:10). Notes (Phonology) redup
-totev'san vai. cause division ?? -totev'saneo'o. They cause divisions. Notes (Phonology) redup
Non-reduplicated: -taev'san.
totev'sanhe na. one who causes division. probably does not occur in the sg., due to the stem
reduplication.Pl: totev'sanheo'o.
-totevn vti. measure, divide s.t./s.o. -totevna. He measure it out in equal portions.
vta. -totevnhtseo'o. They have divided themselves (for example, split into factions). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -taevn.
tothko ni. lean-to. tothsta p. here and there. xxamae'e=tothoesta=heenha'enenhoo'o nhkohe. The bear was just
grabbing here and there in every direction. [Croft 1988:17:31] See: totsa'e.
-totho'ne'e
vai. step repeatedly on (something). -totho'ne'e. He steps on (it). Non-reduplicated: tho'ne'e.
-totho'pa''ts vti. mess up s.t., confuse s.t. -totho'pa''tse. He messed it up/he confused it. -totho'pan vta. hold s.o. tangled up. -totho'panho. He is holding them tangled up. for example, he
is holding the children but there are so many that it is difficult to hold them.
totho'pe-
pv. hampered by; entangled by; hindered. tssa'e=ta'se=totho'pheka'knhamestse (like) someone who is not hampered by many children (1987:50). See: oshe'ke-.
-totho'peh vii. lie scattered. -totho'pha. It's lying scattered. -totho'pen'e

vai. quilt, sew a quilt.Literally: sew scattered pieces. -totho'pen'e. She's quilting. Final: -n'.
-totho'penno'e vii. look tangled, look mixed up. -totho'penno'e. It looks tangled up. fii: -nno'e. -totho'penohe vai. look mixed up. -totho'penohe. He looks mixed up. -totho'peotse vii. 1 become tangled. -totho'peotse. It became tangled up.
2 be in chaos, become chaotic. Usage: fig..
-totho'pee vai. lie scattered. Nxahe -totho'pne. My grandchildren were sleeping scattered all
over the floor.
-totho'p vii. tangled up, crowded. -toth'po. It's tangled up. for example, if you are going through
brush and it's difficult to get through.
-totho'phon vai. sign complex, make complex signs. -totho'phne. He's making signs like a
traffic cop. fai: -ohon.
-totho'po't vii. take up room. -totho'p'ta. It's taking up room. Non-reduplicated: -tho'po't. -totho'pnea''h vta. tangle s.o. (rope-shaped). the tangled entity is rope-like, as rope, string, thread,
etc. N-totho'nea''hoo'o hevaho I tangled it (rope; an. and gramm. pl.) up.
-totho'pnean vti. vta. tangle s.t./s.o. rope-like. -totho'pneane It (for example, wire) is tangled.
Medial: -n.
-totho'pneehe
vai. tangled up ropelike. usually occurs with plural subject since 'rope' is grammatically pl. -totho'pneeheo'o hevaho The rope is tangled up. redup. Medial: -n.
-totho'pneeotse vii. vai. tangled (of ropelike shape). -totho'pneeotse. It (for example, a rope or
hose) is tangled up.
-totho'pneee vai. lie ropelike mixed up. -totho'pne. He is lying ropelike mixed up. -totho'san
vai. have a high rank. lit. refers to wearing badges or stripes upon one's clothes. toth'sne He has a high rank (for example, sergeant). vai. cry loudly. of pl. subjects. hma'xee-tthpe'a'xansesto They started crying loudly. (1987:298). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -thpe'a'xan (HAVE ENTRY). reduplicated: -thpe'haht.
-tthpe'a'xan
-tthpe'haht vai. have big feet. -tthpe'hhta. He has big feet. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-tthpe'he'on vai. have big hands. -tthpe'he'na He has big hands.
-tthpe'hohts vai. leave big tracks. -tthpe'hhtse. He left big tracks. Notes (Phonology) redup
fai: -hohts.
-tthpe'e'est vai. have big ears. -tthpe'e'sta. He has big ears. -tthpe'e'xan vai. have big eyes. -tthpe'e'xne. He has big eyes. -tthpe'emenoo'nstse vai. big (of berries). -tthpe'emenoo'nstse. They (berries) are big. -tthpe'eetaees vai. have big nostrils. -tthpe'eetaese He has big nostrils. -tthpe'eht vai. have big legs. -tthpe'ehta. He has big legs. Non-reduplicated: -thpe'eht. -tthpe'ehtto
vii. big wheels.Literally: big feet. for example, wheels of a wagon. tthpe'ehttnstse. They (for example, wagons) have big wheels. Non-reduplicated: thpe'eht.
-tthpe'sev vai. have big calves. -tthpe'sva. He has big calves. BodyPartMedial: -sev. -tthpe'sttseem vai. big nostrils. -tthpe'sttseme. He has big nostrils. -tthpe'kos vai. have big fingers. -tthpe'kse He has big fingers. -tthpe'o'en
vii. hold a lot of liquid. -tthpe'o'ennstse. They have a lot of liquid in them. tsst'tae-tthpe'o'enaa'stse the ones that are full of liquid.
-tthpe'ttoe'e vai. stand with eyes wide open. -tthpe'ttoe'e. He's standing with his eyes
wide open. See: -tto'.
-tthpe'tto' vai. eyes wide open. xaene-tthpe'ttoo'oo'o phksono. The kittens have their
eyes wide open (now). See: -tto'.
-tthpe'tsesvotome vai. big flared nostrils breathing hard. esp. of a horse that has been running
hard. -tthpe'tsesvotome. His nose is flared wide as he is breathing (hard).
-tot'kovahe vai. angered easily. -tot'kovahe. He is easily angered. Synonym: -nhesth, -hesenove,
-he'kstahe. See: -momta'ehe.
-tot'kovnee'e vai. sit frowning, frown sitting. -tot'kovnee'e. He's sitting there frowning. -tot'kovetno vai. try to get mad. -tot'kovetno. He's trying to get mad. -tot'kovnoo'e vai. sit temperamental. -tot'kovnoo'e. He's sitting temperamental. -tot'xas vta. gash s.o. repeatedly. See: -tot'xeoestas. N-tot'xso I cut him up. hohesto he'eo'o stot'xstseo'o hevo'stanmevho tshvsena'htsese Many women cut/slashed themselves
because (some of) their families had been killed (for example, at the Battle of the Little Big Horn). Non-reduplicated: -ta'xas. Notes (Phonology) redup
-tot'xhan vai. have slit eyes. -tot'xhane He has slit eyes (for example, Oriental person). -tot'xeoestas
vta. slash up s.o. N-tot'xeoestso. I slashed him up. Notes (Phonology) redup Nonreduplicated: -ta'xeoestas. See: -ta'xas; -tot'xas.
-totmvs vai. tump antlers; dehorned. -totmvse. He has stump (for example, short or cut off)
antlers. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -tamvs.
-totto'etahe vai. dally; loiter; joke around. -totto'etahe He joked around/he dallied. tottsepv. scornfully; with contempt. N-tottsev'hooma He looked at me with scorn. tottseestsstovho He blasphemed him. See: -otottsstahe ?? never takes anything seriously. See: -ttsetan'tov; -tot'hosem.
-tottsem vta. speak contemptuously about s.o. -tottsemho. He spoke contemptuously about him. -tottsetan vai. feeling like not taking things seriously. -tottsetno. He's feeling like not taking
things seriously.
-totxhn'tov
vta. walk upon s.o. probably has some repeated or extended action, with the reduplicated stem. s-totxhn'toehoono He walked the length of him (VISION.TXT). See: ho'ne'e.
-totxeohe vai. go quickly stepping here and there. -totxeohe. He's putting his feet here and there as
he goes along.
-totxeoh'tov vta. walk upon s.o. nstse-totxeoh'tova tshe'sthvse He will walk the length of
your body (VISION.TXT). Notes (Phonology) redup
-totxetan't vti. think above s.t. See: txe-; -hne'en; -anetan'tov. Ntaohksa'e-totxetan'the
hov'he. I don't (pretend to) know everything. (1987:212). Notes (Phonology) redup
tt(e)- i. open eyes. Totoemana na. Ashland person. The name of the band Totoemanaho has been notoriously difficult to
translate for all researchers. Some recent translations offered for the word are 'Reticent Band, Unwilling Band, and Unwilling Band'. Petter (PD86) gave the meaning as the 'Shy Band'. Use of the noun stem in an equative verb construction yields a contemporary meaning of 'be standoffish'.Pl: Totoemanaho.
Totoemanhno ni. Ashland.Literally: unwilling-place. -totoemanheve vai. be an Ashland person; be camped far away; be standoffish. N-totoemanheve.
You're camped far away, as if you are stand-offish.
-ttoemohe vai. strain to open eyes. -ttoemohe. He's really trying to open his eyes. fai: -mohe. -ttoenome vai. sleep with eyes open. (vhkooheho) tsohkhee-ttoenomvse as (rabbits) sleep with
eyes open (Croft 1988:24:16). fai: -nome.
-tteotse vai. open (one's own) eyes. -ttoeotse. He opened his eyes. See: -tto'. -ttoee vai. lie with eyes open. -tte. He's lying with his eyes open. See: -mhkoee. -totoe-tshesta
vai. be unconcerned, preoccupied ??, unfriendly, unsociable. -totoetshesta He is unconcerned/he is not friendly/he is detached (preoccupied?) ?? tthk'o. He's starting to open his eyes.
-tthk'o vai. start to open eyes, barely have eyes open. for example, of baby kittens or puppies. -tothtsn vai. scratched face, scarred face. -tothtsne. He has a scarred face. -tothtseht vai. have scratches on the leg. -tothtsehta He has scratches on his leg. -tot'hohtahe vai. humorous. -tot'hohtahe. He's humorous. vta: -tot'hohth'tov; Non-reduplicated: t'hohtahe. See: -n'so'emetahe.
-tot'hohth'tov
vta. joke with s.o. -tot'hohth'tovho. He acted disrespectful toward him. Antonym: -ono'tam. See: -n'so'em.
-tot'hoht'an vai. mockingly say; tease. -tot'hoht'ne. He joked. fai: -'an. See: -n'so'emetahe. -tot'hosem
vta. ridicule s.o., mock s.o., make fun of s.o. -tot'hosemho. He made fun of him. See: na'so'eseo'o; -hsem; -t'hohtahe.
-tot'hosenhet vta. ridicule; mock; make fun speaking to s.o. -tot'hosenhetho. He made fun of
him.
-tot'hosetan't vti. ridicule s.t.; mock s.t.; make fun of s.t. -tot'hosetan'ta. He made fun of it.
Nstsev'ee-tot'hosetan'ta tshsema'henevo'stanhevesttse! Don't make fun of Cheyenne
spiritual ways! [1987:235]
tot'hov- i. in between; at repeated intervals; alternately. tot'hove- pv. in between, at repeated intervals, alternately. -tot'hoveeehe. He was raised by several
families. -tot'hovenheve He's doing this at repeated intervals ?? -tot'hovhetanvhne She alternately bears boys (that is, between birth of girls). Notes (Phonology) redup Nonreduplicated: t'hove-.
-tot'hovee vai. lie layered between. -tot'hovenao'o ho'honva. They lie between layers of rock.
[PD653]
tot'hoveto p. in between; at repeated intervals; alternately. nhestoha eva ohksahotse'hhe oha

tot'hoveto He does not work every day, but every other day. [PD37]
-tot'kovh'heneve
vai. angered easily. for example, easily angered over every little thing. tot'kovh'heneve. He is a person who is quick to get angry.
-totmse'e vai. stand (from sitting position) to be erect. mstae'hnhhe nhhe ho'honaa'o tsstotmseetsse (the young lady) went up that mountain where that big cliff was (CLIFF.TXT:1). Non-reduplicated: -tomse'e. Notes (Phonology) vs; redup
totne'e
p. from time to time, now and then, every once in awhile. Totne'e ametannaa'stse m'hks'ho'enhhe na'stse. Every once in awhile when he would think about it he would put one (stick) in the ground. [1987:246] Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: tne'e. See: totsa'e.
totne'xvva p. from time to time; at times. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: tne'xvva. -totnstam vta. be at enmity with s.o. ?? See: -nstam. -totnstamho He does not get along with
him.
-totnesta vai. have venereal disease. -totnesta. He/she has venereal disease (V.D.). [PD380: disabled]
Is this a homonym to -totnesta 'how be (wrong)' or an extended meaning? See: -'o'eta'e; mtx'; -mtsevhotse; -mtsevhos; -tnesta.
-totnstahe vai. what in the world is wrong with. -totnstahe? What in the world is wrong with him.
Non-reduplicated: -tnstahe.
-totnst'tov have bad attitude and actions toward s.o. -totnst't'e They had a bad attitude and
actions toward him (for example, they tried to bring him down through criticism). See: tnst'tov; -totxeh.
totne- pv. mischievously; spoilingly; contentiously. -totnevo'stanheve He lives mischievously.

N-totnenhto I spoke to him to anger him. -totnenhsta He spoke contentiously about
it.
totnenhesttse ni. abuse (verbal). -totnenhet vta. speak scornfully to s.o. -totnenhetho He spoke to him scornfully. -totneht vai. be crippled in the legs. See: -nhne'kahe. -totnehta He is crippled in his legs. -totnetan vai. what different feelings? -totnetno. What different feelings does he have? Notes
(Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: tnetan.
-totnet'ne vai. throw hints.Literally: repeatedly say something. -totnet'ne. He's throwing hints.
Non-reduplicated: -tnet'an; Synonym: -onhama'khov.
-totneto'etahe vai. do mischief. -totneto'etahe. He's doing mischief. Notes (Phonology) redup Nonreduplicated: -tneto'etahe. See: totne-; -h'heetovnove.
totnet'e'e p. How far apart in time?, once in awhile. for example, time intervals of birth pains.
Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: tnet'e'e.
-totonostomo'he vai. stiff personality. whites are viewed as being like this. -totonostomo'he. He
has a stiff personality. See: -he'konostomo'he.
-ttonoo'e vai. sit awake with eyes open. -ttonoo'e. He's sitting awake (with eyes open). -totohevv'an vai. repeat words. See: te-. Mho'nevavhpone'e-totohevvo'annove. You do not
have to repeat words (praying) over and over. reduplicated: -tohevv'an; Final: -'an.
[1987:232]
Notes (Phonology) redup Non-
-tto' vai. open eyes. -tt'o. His eyes are open. [1987:111] Notes (Phonology) not vs See: -ttoeotse. totovi. layer; fold. fold multiple times in contrast to tov-. Notes (Phonology) redup Nonreduplicated: tov-. See: -tnovsan.
-totovan vti. vta. fold multiply s.t./s.o. -totovanho. He folded him (for example, a blanket) multiple
times.-tovan. Non-reduplicated: -tovan.
-totovhe'haa'e
vai. whooping cough ?? -totovhe'haa'e. ?? He has whooping cough. See: hesva'xeme. vta. double s.o. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -tovema'en.
-totovema'en vti. double s.t. -totovema'na. He doubled it (for example, folded it in half each fold). -totovema'ee vai. lie folded in layers. -totovema'e. He (for example, a blanket) lies folded in
layers. [PD653]
-totovenestse vai. repeat speaking. -totovenestse. He's repeating himself when he speaks. -totovsan vai. dress with double layer. can refer to having underwear plus an outer layer of clothing.
-totovsne. He has on a double layer of clothing.
-totovheehe vai. wrapped in layers. esp. of a baby. See: -hheehe; -tnovsan. -totovheehe. He is
wrapped in layers.
-totov'an
vai. repeat; be repetitious. See: -t'stsstman; -tohevv'an. -totov'ne. He repeated (himself).
-totovo'h vta. pile s.o., stack s.o. -totovo'hho. He piled/stacked them. -totovo't
vii. stacked. This is multiple layers in the stack. For a single layer see -tovo't. totovo'tnstse. They (inanimate) are stacked. Non-reduplicated: -tovo't; vti: -totovo'ts. vti. stack s.t. -totovo'tsentse. He stacked them. Totov'tsstse! Stack it/them! vii: totovo't. See: -hne'ts.
-totovo'ts
totsa'e p. here and there. Totsa'e nv'neem'stomvo ts'hkevhethta'hnse nke'ehe. I've just
told things here and there what my grandmother used to tell. [1987:32] hso totsa'e other places. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: tsa'e. See: tothsta; totne'e.
-totxeh vta. bother; discuss; pull down; criticize s.o. ?? etseto ohkhee-totxh'e from all angles
(sides) they are trying to bother him (by word and deed) (for example, through social criticim, pulling him down).
-totxem
vta. talk about s.o., discuss s.o. -totxemho. He discussed him. Nev'esstse mntotxemaehhe. Someone must be talking about you. (a common saying when one sneezes). vti: -totxest. See: -hsem; -m'em.
-totxsetanev vai. talk about people, gossip. -totxsetanva. He talks about people/he discusses
people. Medial: -tanev. See: -mhtsnan.
-totxest vti. talk about s.t. -totxsta. He talked about it/he discussed it. vta: -totxem. -totxstanev'heneve vai. talks about people. -totxstanev'heneve. He has the characteristic of
talking about people.
ttseha p. long ago. See: hk'e; vaveto. Emphasized: totseha. Notes (Phonology) lengthened to totseha for
emphasis
-totkhane'
vai. bushy nape. -totkhan'e. He has a bushy nape. BodyPartMedial: -hane'; Initial: tke-.
-ttke'ahe vai. small. only used with pl. subjects. ohke-ttke'heo'o he'ama (the poles) are small
at the tip (1987:224). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -tke'ahe.
-ttke'as
vta. cut s.o. into smaller pieces. for instance, to cut potatoes or tomatoes into smaller pieces. -ttke'sho. He cut him/them into smaller pieces. Non-reduplicated: -tke'as. tke'ax; vta: -ttke'as.
-ttke'ax vti. cut s.t. in small pieces. -ttke'xa. He cut it into small pieces. Non-reduplicated: ttke'epv. little. requires some kind of reduplicative "plurality" in meaning of verb. ttke'evo'seo'o They are playing with little homemade dolls (generally made of cloth). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: tke'e-. p. little by little. reduplicated: tke'e. See: nn'se; non'hn'e. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-
ttke'e
-ttke'han vai. have small eyes. -ttke'hane He has small eyes. Notes (Phonology) redup Ttke'hanhe -ttke'e'est
na. See: Tov'khanhe.
Japanese
person.Literally: small.eyed-one.
Pl: Ttke'hanheo'o.
vai. small ears. -ttke'e'sta. He has small ears. Notes (Phonology) redup Nonreduplicated: -tke'e'est have a small ear. Reduplication in Cheyenne is a process in which the first syllable of a stem (or part of that syllable) is repeated. There is often a vowel change and/or a shift in the pitch. See the technical description of Cheyenne reduplication, with examples of different classes of this morphological process, in E. Leman (?? ). Semantically, reduplication generally "extends" the meaning of a verb stem, for example, through indicating that an action (or quality) is done by (or asserted of) plural participants, to plural recipients, on repeated occasions (iteratively), or in a kind of intensive
fashion. One interesting semantic subcategory is that some reduplication typically implies something negative: cf. xo- 'what say' and ooxo- 'say bad things'; -tnst'tov 'how act toward s.o. and totnst'tov 'act badly toward s.o.'; -no'est 'answer' and -non'est 'sass, talk back'. See: totke'e'est ears protrude.
-totke'e'est
vai. ears protrude, ears stick out. -totke'e'sta. His ears stick out. See: ttke'e'est have small ears. vai. small eyes; squint eyes. -ttke'ematsne. He has small eyes. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -tke'ematsn.
-ttke'ematsn
Ttke'ematsnhe ('??) na. Squint Eyes. -ttke'emenoo' vii. small berry shaped. only of plural subjects. -ttke'emenoo'nstse. They
(for example, berries) are small and round. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: tke'emenoo'.
-ttke'eht vai. have skinny legs. -ttke'ehta He has skinny legs. -totke'est vai. ear(s) stick out, ears protrude. -totke'sta his ears stick out. Notes (Phonology)
redup
-ttke'st'e vai. perk ears. esp. of an animal such as a dog when they are listening intently. ttke'st'e. He's got his ears perked. ??
-ttke'
vii. small. not used of sg. subjects. ts-ttke'oo'stse those (inan.) which are small (1987:3:9). -ttke'nstse. They (inan.) are small. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: tke'.
-totke'e vai. stick out; protrude. only of plural subjects. tsoxaehne'e-totkeetsse He (obv.;
gunny sack) was just frozen stiff sticking out. reduplicated: -tke'e; fai: -.
(Phonology) redup
[1987:300]
Notes (Phonology) redup; vs Non-
-totkeos vai. fingers protrude, fingers stick out. -totkese. He has fingers that stick out. Notes -totketanh'e
vai. breasts protrude. -totketanh'e. Her breasts protrude. that is, be nubile enough to have breast development. Tsvhonevstse 'hkenhtsevomsesto tsmnetotketanhoetsese. A chief was said to look for someone whose breasts were recently developed (esp. as a wife for his son). Such a young woman might be about twelve years old. This traditional custom of chiefs indicates the young age at which some females were married. Notes (Phonology) redup; vs fai: -; Medial: -tanah. See: -pop'ketanh'e. Non-reduplicated: -tko'tonohe.
-totko'tonohe vai. braids stick out. -totko'tonohe. His braids stick out. Notes (Phonology) redup tv- i. stubborn. tov- pv. complementizer ?? Mstavhne'enehevhe tae-tovtontoo'hesstse. He found out all
about him, how he came to be put in jail. (1987:183). See: hetov- ??.
tva- i. imitate; pattern. -tovahe vai. cool off. -tovahe He cooled off. See: -tvahe. -tvahe
vai. be stubborn; ornery; does not give in. -tvahe. He is stubborn. vta: -tvhetsstov; Synonym: -he'konahe. See: -vovneotse; -tvahe; -tovahe.
-tvhetsstov vta. be stubborn to; resist s.o. tvhetsstova Hevohe Don't give in to the Devil! (James
4:7).
-tvhtomn vai. slightly hard of hearing. -tvhtomne. He is a little hard of hearing.Variant: tvhtomn. See: -onaht; -ahtomn; -nstomn.
tva'seono na. harness. Inanimate: tva'seontse. See: tva'hvo'ha; tva'eto'hamstottse. tva'seontse ni. harness. Animate: tva'seono. See: tva'hvo'ha; tva'eto'hamstottse. -tva'et vta. hitch s.o. for example, to hitch a horse to a wagon. -tva'etho. He hitched him up.
tsohke-tva'etose his team (lit. those which he hitched up) (1987:181). See: -tva'eto'ham.
-tva'etho'ham vai. hitch up horse(s). -tva'etho'hme. He's hitching up the horse(s).Variant: tva'eto'ham.
-tva'eto'ham
vai. hitch up horse(s). -tva'eto'hme. He hitched up the horse(s).Variant: tva'ethe'ham. See: -thevo'eto'ham; -too'eto'ham.
tva'eto'hamstottse ni. harness. See: tva'seontse; ka'a'eto'hamesttse. -tova'h vii. blow cool. -tov'ha. It (fan) is blowing cool air. See: -tootm. tova'hs'o ni. air conditioner; fan. Usage: neologism. tva'hvo'ha na. work horse.Literally: harnessed-horse. tva'hvo'hamhoxhtsenes'o ni. work horse bridle. See: hoxhtsenes'o. -tva'ov vta. replace s.o., take place of s.o. -tva'ovho. He took his place. -tvas vta. cut s.o. by pattern. N-tvso. I cut him by pattern. -tvsho. He cut him (for example,
cloth) the same (for example, as some pattern). Tvaxeha! Cut him the same as the other one! See: -xanovetvsen.
-tvas vai. have parted hair. -tvse. His hair is parted. -tvsehe vai. part hair. This is to part one's own hair. -tvsehe. He's parting his (own) hair. vta: tvsh(n), -tvst.
tvsheontse ni. hair parters. -tvsh(n) vta. part hair of s.o. N-tvshno. I parted his hair. Part my hair! See: -tvst. -tvst vta. part hair of s.o. N-tvsto I parted his hair. Tvsheha! Part her hair! Ns-tvseestse!
Part my hair! See: -tvsh(n).
-tvax vti. cut s.t. by pattern. N-tvxa. I cut it the same (for example, cut by pattern). vta: -tvas. Tovhn'e na. (woman's name). tvhkso na. 1 swift fox. See: vhkso; ma'hhe.
2 Swift fox.
-tov'ahtse vai. have a split lip; have a harelip. -tov'htse. He has a split lip (or mouth) (for example,
harelip). Medial: -ahtsen. See: -vhkoehevahtsen.
Tov'htsenve'ho'e na. Harelip Whiteman. -tov'an vti. take a chunk out of s.t. -tov'na. He took a chunk out of it.
vta. take a chunk out of s.o. for instance, this can refer to talking someone out of some money. Usage: fig.. -tov'anho. He took a chunk out of him.
-tov'eotse vii. vai. dented, nicked. -tov'eotse. He (or it) is nicked. See: -tov'keotse. tov'(k)- i. slit. Etymology: cf. M tawa:qtaew. -tov'khan vai. slit eyes. -tov'khane. He has slit eyes. BodyPartMedial: -n. Tov'khanhe
na. Japanese Pl: Tov'khanheo'o.
person.Literally: sliteyed-one.
Variant: Ttke'hanhe.
-tov'keotse vii. chipped. -tov'keotse. It got chipped. See: -tov'eotse; -tov'ko. -tov'k vii. chipped. -tov'ko. It's chipped (that is, has a gap or hole from being chipped). -tov'e' vii. wash out. Holliman Spelling: i do voo yo. -tov''o. It's washing out. -tov'onen vai. tooth missing, gap-toothed. -tov'onne. He's missing a tooth. BodyPartMedial: -onen.
See: -tov'ko. Etymology: cf. *tawa:pite:wa.
-tov'onen'hahts vti. strip gears of s.t. (esp. car).Literally: tear out teeth of it. -tov'onen'hhtse. I
stripped the gears of it.
-tov'oo'e vai. sit cracked. for example, of a rock or mountain. -tov'oo'e. He is cracked. ho'hon'e
tss-tov'oo'se where the rock is cracked. Notes (Phonology) vs See: -amoo'e.
-tov'ovotse vii. become split (of liquid). -tov'oovotse the dam/reservoir broke loose. -tov't
vii. have a gap ?? -tov'ta It is sitting with a gap. ?? Etymology: cf. M tawa:qtaew (VII) meaning?.
tx- i. edge; around. -txh'en vai. take food around. -txh'ne. She takes food around. -txa'ham vta. throw around s.o. ?? -txa'hamho. He threw him around. ?? -txa'haso'he
vai. ride horse along the edge. -txa'haso'he. He rode horse along the edge. for example, riding along the edge of the creek.
-txa'o'ts vti. pass around s.t. quicker, more urgent action than -txan. ta-txa''tsstse Pass it around
(urgently)! See: -txan.
-txan
vti. pass around s.t./s.o. See: txe-. -txna. He passed it (for example, cigarette) around. Txnhtse! Pass it around! Nstxnhtse Pass it around! See: -txa'o'ts. vta. -txanho. He passed him around. pv. around; along edge. -txeamehtse He's walking along the edge (of something). txetoenva She went around as a midwife (lit. around-hold(.babies)).
txe-
-txeehe vai. move about. ohke-txeehe. He keeps moving all over. fai: -eehe. txha p. on the edge; beside. For example, this would be the side of the bed away from the wall; it
could also be used of the edge of a river, namely, along the river. See: txeo'h'e.
-txha vii. be at the edge. -txha. It's at the edge. -txehn

vai. go around; go all over. See: -vehn; txe-. naa ms-txhnhhe n=v'ho'e mstaetxenhtssthhe this whiteman (lawyer) went all over and asked questions (1987:183).
-txe'hoohe vai. fly along. -txe'hoohe. He's flying along. for example, to fly along the riverbank. -txemohe vai. run on the edge. -txemohe. He's running on the perimeter/on the edge. fai: -mohe. -txen'e vai. sew border, sew edging. -txen'e. She's sewing a border (on something). fai: -n'. -txent vta. sew a border on s.o., sew edging on s.o. -txenoto. She's sewing edging on him (such as
a quilt, animate). -txenoto hon'kono. She's sewing a border on a quilt(s).
-txeohe vai. go around. -txeohe. He went around. for example, to go around visiting. -txeohts vai. go around. See: -veohts. -txehtse He went around (for example, visiting). txehts'he na. public health nurse; field nurse.Literally: around-go-person. Pl: txeohts'heo'o ??. txeohtsveneenhe na. evangelist. Usage: neologism.Literally: go.around-sent-one. txeo'h'e loc. on the edge of the river. See: txeha. 'hke=nh='e'ano'tseo'o nhhe txeo'h'e
nhhe 'hkemaehhostoneo'o ka'kneho. (People) used to camp there all winter near the
banks where the children went to school. [1987:181]
-txe'e vai. stand on the edge. -txe'e. He's standing on the edge (of something). could be of
standing on the edge of a cliff or river.
-txeotse vii. vai. be close to the edge. -txeotse It (or he?) is close to the edge. taot'-txeotse it's
very close to the edge (for example, of a river or mountain).
-txee vai. 1 lie close to edge of bed. -txe. He's lying close to the edge of the bed.
2 parade. -txenao'o. They are parading.
-txem vta. put s.o. next to the edge. -txemho. He put him next to the edge. txenhe na. parader.Pl: txenheo'o. txenahttse ni. parade. -txetan vai. have good sense. N-txetno. I have a good sense. -txetan'tov vta. think about s.o. See: -totxem; -m'etan'tov. -txetan'tovho He thought about
him.
-tx' vai. vii. float along the edge. -tx'o. He/It floated along the edge. Final: -'. -txhta'han vai. carry news around; spread rumors. -txhta'hne He carries news from person to
person/spreads rumors.Literally: around-tell.story.
-txhtva vai. sell around, go around selling. -txhtva. He's going around selling.
-txo'ts vti. put s.t. on the edge. -tx'tse. He put it on the edge. fti: -o'ts. -ts
pro. obviative suffix. This allomorph is used in the preterit and attributive modes. Variant: -tse. hevo-tsensesttse. They (inan; obv) are said to be yellow (attrib). See: -h. tshethoono He told him this (content of speaking follows). N-tshesta I am like this (about to be described). Notes (Phonology) immediately precedes relative preverbs and initials
ts- pv. forward (cataphoric) pointing preverb (points to new information in discourse). Antonym: ne-. -
ts- cjt. conjunct prefix (for participles and realis modes), when, the one who, those who. ts-nmenese
those who sing/the singers. ts-ho'sese those who are dancing. ts-nmnstse the singer. tshnmnse when he sang. ts-hnaotsetsse when he (obv) was sleeping. ts-hnmenvse when they sang. ts-xhnse when he was hungry. ts-xhomsto when I cooked. ts-hnaotsto when I was sleeping. ts-'estseto when you spoke. ts-stamovon'o when it was early morning. ts-heephvanmo the way I am fixing it. Nvhe ts-nmnstse? Who is singing? ts-vstoemo the one who is my spouse. See: mh-1; h-; momxe- etc..
-tse
pro. OBV; obviative suffix. registers third person possession of inanimate nouns on verbs and obviation in conjunct verbs. Notes (Phonology) takes -ts allomorph in the surprisal modeVariant: -ts. tsphva'e-tse that which is good (obv). Hemheo'o ma'o-tse. his house is red (cf. namheo'o m'o 'my house is red'). Hee'haho mse-tse ho'vohktse. His son is eating meat. (cf. nae'ha mese ho'vohktse 'my son is eating meat'). vomho tsa'xaem-tsese. He saw the one who was crying. (cf. nvmo tsa'xaemstse 'I saw the one who was crying'). Hemaahe nnha'e'oe-tse. His arrow hit me. (cf. nemaahe nnha'e'oo'e 'your arrow hit me'). Tshvona'otse taaseehe. in the morning he moved camp (cf. tshvon'o ntaaseehe 'in the morning I moved camp'). See: -h OBV.
-ts pro. first person plural (both inclusive and exclusive) conjunct suffix. tshnaots-tse when we were
sleeping. tshmsh-tse when we ate. See: -s.
-tse sfx. TI final. Nn'-tse. I killed it (cf. nn'ho 'I killed him'). tsetns. future tense with third person prefix. Notes (Phonology) preceding pronominal vowel will be voiceless predictive, as opposed to to'se- which is more like English 'going to'; possibly more
certainty of occurrence than to'se-; -h is omitted with third person referents and also the third person prefix /-/ does not occur with the future tense; sometimes has close to the idea of a wish, prayer, or fulfilling pronouncement that something will occur. Tsemsehe. He will eat. Mo'hno'hme tseta-ama'heo'o. The horses will be herded. (1987:29). See: htse-1; hta-; to'se-.
Tshe Head. Ts'envhtse owner, Sacred Hat Keeper. vai: -'enov. tsea'hanhe pro. he's the one (proximal; new information); there's what he is. See: nea'hanhe. tsea'hanevhe pro. there they (an.) are (proximal; new information); they are the ones. tsa'hanehe p. pro. there he is. Notes (Phonology) contraction of tsea'hanhe tsea'hanevhe pro. these are the ones (proximal; new information). tsa'komoha
vii. pond; puddle; pool.Literally: where there is ?? of water. vii: a'komoha.. See: voomoeh.
ts-amshahexovto vii. rectangle. ts-amo'emanese vai. the committee, those in authority, authorities. for example, Congress, Senate.
See: -amo'eman; ts-vhonevese.
ts-asta'hasenstse vai. pitcher.Literally: the one who throws. -tsena''e vai. have too much to do; spread-out. -tsena''e He's got so many things going he
can't keep up with it all.Literally: spread-out-stand (like spread out like branches of a tree).
-tseena'ee vai. fall landing on fingers (spread out like a comb). Ntxae-tseena'e I just fell landing on
my fingers (spread out like a comb).
-tseena' fai. wing(s) ?? See: -tsnoon; -men. shpe-tseen'o (the bird) has its wings spread out. Tseen'e (woman's name; something about feathers).
-tseene'ehe vai. comb hair. -tseene'ehe. He combed (his own) hair. Tseene'eestse! Comb your hair!
See: -pnovsehe.
tseene'heo'o na. comb. tseene'heono sno'emho She had combs (in her hair).Pl: tseene'heono.
Obviative: tseene'heono.
-tseene'h(n) vta. comb s.o.'s hair. See: -pnovsehe. -tseene'hestse He combed his (own) hair. tseene'ehno (var. of younger speakers: -tseene'hnho) He combed his hair. tseene'estse Comb
your hair!
ts-ksa'vetovto vii. cone. ts-haeno'e heseo'tse vii. gray strong medicine. ts-haa'haestse vai. elder.Pl: ts-htaa'hahese. ts-ha'ho'osta mxe'stnemh'o
vii. high school.Literally: that.which.is.high school. See: hoha'ho'osta. Usage: recent artificial loan translation; not commonly used.
tshemanstse vai. one who drinks heavily; alcoholic. See: -mane. ts-ha'heno'e vii. chile.Literally: that.which.is.hot.tasting. ts-h'haeno'e mahpe vii. vinegar.Literally: water that tastes strong. Variant: h'haano'mahpe. ts-hnto vii. quarter (coin).Literally: that which is very thick. ts-htaa'hahese vai. elders. See: ts-ha'haestse elder. ts-hto'kxe'ohe vii. clubs. ts-hhestovstse vai. the father.Literally: the one who is father. tshhto vai. the one who is my father. tshheto the one who is your father. tshhese the one who is
his (or her) father. tshhtse the one who is our father. tshhse the one who is your (plural) father. tshhevose the one who is their father. vai: -hhe. See: nho'ehe; heho; eho.
-tshe'sn vta. touch belly of s.o. -tshe'snho. (tse'??) He touched his belly. See: -ts'e''h. -tshe'eesn touch nose of s.o. -tshe'eesnho. He touched his nose. -tshe'ehe vai. move there. N-tshe'ehe. I moved there. -tshe'heo'o. They moved there. tsameehese
tsns-tshe'hese Mo'htvo'honva the travelers that were coming to the Black Hills (1987:18). See: -tshe'ohts.
-tshe'ehe
vai. move there. Nto'se-tshe'ehe. I'm going to move over there. -tshe'heo'o. They moved there. tsameehese tsns-tshe'hese Mo'htvo'honva the travelers that were coming to the Black Hills (1987:18). fai: -ehe. See: -tshe'ohts; -eehe; -aseehe.
-tshe'hoohe vai. move (camp) there quickly. hne'vama'xe-tshe'hoohestvtsnse camp was all
quickly moved back there (1987:262).
-tshe'hotoo'e vii. be a deep hole. -tshe'hotoo'e. It is a deep hole. Notes (Phonology) not vs See: ho'etame; -v'evtoo'e; -tne'hotoo'e.
-tshe'nehe vai. taste this way. Nhko'ehe ohkxae-tshe'nehe. My mother used to taste like this.
[1987:254]
See: -nhe'nehe.
-tshe'enestse vai. speak language like this. thhe h'e tne'e ts'emhaehevo'stanhvvse
ts-tshe'enstsvse how (the people) used to live long ago, those who talked this (Cheyenne) language. [1987:96] See: -he'enestse.
tshe's- pv. long. See: t'se-. tshe'sestse'he long coat. tshe'seeshe elephant (lit. long-nosed-one). -tshe'sees vai. have a long nose. -tshe'sese. He has a long nose. Medial: -es. tshe'seeshe na. elephant.Literally: longnosed-one. Pl: tshe'eseesheo'o. Obviative: tshe'eseesheho. tshe'sestse'he na. long coat. Usage: probable neologism or loan transl.. -tshe'sena'v vai. be long sleeved. -tshe'sena'va. (The shirt) is long sleeved. BodyPartMedial: na'v. See: -ha'sena'va. Reduplicated: -t'sena'v.
-tshe'senotov vai. have a long neck. -tshe'senotva. He has a long neck. BodyPartMedial: -notov.
tshe'senotovhe
na. giraffe.Literally: longnecked-one. Obviative: tshe'senotovheho.
Pl: tshe'senotovheo'o.
-tshe'se'xhtse vai. have a wide mouth. -tshe'se'xhtse He has a big/wide mouth. -tshe'se'e vai. vii. high.Literally: stand tall. for example, how high a skyscraper is. -tshe'se'e.
It's high / he's standing tall. Antonym: -tshe'kse'e.
-tshe'sshkomahe vai. be tall and slender. See: -shkomahe; tshe'se-. -tshe'sshkomahe He is

tall and slender.
-tshe'sshkometseees vai. long narrow flared nose. N-tshe'sshkometseese. ?? You have a

long, narrow nose flared (at the nostrils). Usage: humorous. BodyPartMedial: -es.
-tshe'setanev vai. have a long tongue. -tshe'setanva. He has a long tongue. BodyPartMedial: tanev.
-tshe'sevn
vai. long face. -tshe'sevne. He has a long face. BodyPartMedial: -n; Synonym: tshe'svon.
-tshe'svon vai. have a long face. for example, a long angular face. -tshe'svone. He has a
long face. Synonym: -tshe'sevn; Antonym: -tshe'ksvon.
tshe'sevotonhe
na. pheasant.Literally: long-tailfeathered-one. Pl: tshe'sevontonheo'o. Obviative: tshe'sevotonheho.
Variant: t'sevotonhe.
-tshe'es vii. long. -tshe'so. It is long. fii: -'es; Reduplicated: -t'es; Antonym: -the'kes. tshe'st- i. long; tall. tshe'es(t)- i. long. -tshe'stahe vai. long, tall. -tshe'stahe. He's tall. Reduplicated: -t'stahe; Final: -'stahe; Synonym: ha'stahe; Antonym: -tshe'kstahe, -the'kstahe. See: -tshe'sta'.
-tshe'sthtsen' vai. stick out lips. See: -ahtsen. -tshe'sthtsen'o. He stuck his lip(s) out (for
example, pouted).Literally: long-lip-?.
-tshe'sta' vai. have long hair. -tshe'st'e. He has long hair. Antonym: -tshe'ksta'; Synonym: ha'sta'; BodyPartMedial: -a'; Reduplicated: -t'sta'. Usage: probably -ha'sta' is more commonly used. See: -ha'sta'; -ovs; me'ko.
Tshe'sta'he
na. Long Hair. Custer's Indian name. Usage: more commonly used than the other Cheyenne name for him, Ha'sta'he. See: Ha'sta'he. vai. Custer Battlefield; Battle of the Little Big Horn. See: m'e'tsan.Literally: when/where Long Hair came upon (the Sioux and Cheyennes). Variant: Tshe'sta'he Tshvonnse. vai. Custer Battlefield; Battle of the Little Big Horn battlefield.Literally: when/where Long Hair (Gen. Custer) was wiped out. Custer's defeat at the hands of Sioux and Cheyenne warriors occurred June 25, 1876. See: vonan.Variant: Tshe'sta'he Tshm''tsnse. vai. wear a long dress. -tshe'stosta. She's wearing a long dress. Final: -oest1; Antonym: -ka'oest.
Tshe'sta'he Tshm''tsnse
Tshe'sta'he Tshvonnse
-tshe'stoest
-tshe'sthohts vai. have long tracks, take long steps. -tshe'sthhtse. His track strides are long. -tshe'sthos vai. have a long penis. -tshe'sthse. He has a long penis. Usage: vulgar. Medial: hos.
-tshe'st'ohe vai. be tall (of a tree or turnip). -tshe'st'ohe. He (esp. a tree) is tall. Medial: -'(e).
Reduplicated: -t'st'ohe; Final: -ht'ohe.
-tshe'stneehe
vai. be long ropelike. See: -thpe'neehe. -tshe'stneehe. He (stringlike for example, rope, snake) is long. 'enovoto -tshe'stneeheo'o. The snakes are long. Medial: -n.
-tshe'stneee vai. lie long ropelike. -tshe'stne. He is lying there as a long snake. Medial: n. Tshe'stnhe na. Longstring ??
-tshe'stneo'e
vii. long ropelike. for example, of thread, string, wire, or even a penis. tshe'stneo'e. It's long and threadlike. ma'xe-tshe'stneo'e ma'kaata. The wire is long. Medial: -n.
-tshe'sthva vai. long nails. -tshe'sthva. He has long nails/claws. BodyPartMedial: -ohev. Tshe'sto'onhe na. Longjaw. -tshe'stota'n
vai. long snotted, snot long. -tshe'stota'ne. His snot is hanging out. BodyPartMedial: -n. See: -t'stneo'shtsenohts.
tshe'hemntse vai. Appaloosa. tshe'hemvhtse vai. speckled horse. -tshe'kse'e vai. vii. short.Literally: stand short. for example, of a fence post that is not as tall as it
should be. -tshe'kse'e. It's short / he's standing short. Antonym: -tshe'se'e.
-tshe'ksvon vai. short face. -tshe'ksvone. He has a short face. can be said of a person and
also of horses and dogs. Antonym: -tshe'svon.
-tshe'kes vii. be short. -tshe'kso. It's short. Notes (Phonology) The first s will often be phonetically
backed to due to the following k.Variant: -the'kes.
tshe'kes(t)- i. short. -tshe'kstahe

vai. short. -tshe'kstahe. He's short. Assimilated: -the'kstahe. Notes (Phonology) assim., often pronounced -the'kstahe
-tshe'ksta' vai. have short hair. Antonym: -tshe'sta'. -tshe'kst'e. He has short hair. -tshe'ksthtaxe vai. short haircut. -tshe'ksthtaxe. He got a short haircut. -tshe'kstneehe
Medial: -n. vai. be short ropelike. -tshe'kstneehe. He (for example, a snake) is short.
-tshe'oesta'ham vta. shake s.o. quickly. -tshe'oesta'hamho He shook him quickly. -tshe'oestas vta. operate; do surgery on s.o. posthaste. See: -tshetas; -tshe'oestas; -tsheta'oesta's; 's'o'h. m'e-tshe'oestxhhe He had been operated on (Stamper 1991:4).
-tshe'oestax vti. cut s.t. quickly. -tshe'oestxa. He cut it quickly. -tshe'oet vta. pass s.o. this direction. Ns-tshe'oeeha! Hand him to me! ns-tshe'oetho. He handed
him this direction. See: -tshetan; -tsheta''h.
-tshe'hov vai. run there. to a location newly mentioned in discourse. Final: -ohov. See: -tshe'ohts;
-tne'hov; -hetmsta. -tshe'hva He ran there.
-tshe'ohts vai. go there. -tshe'htse. He went there. Tsa'e ntao's-tshe'htse? Where are you
going? Tsa'e ntao's-tshe'htsme? Where are you (plural) going? Mave'ho'no ntao'stshe'htse. I'm going to Lame Deer. Ns-tshe'htsstse! Come here! See: -nhe'ohts; tshe'otse; -tshe'oohe; -tshe'ehe.
-tshe'htseh vta. take s.o. there. nen-tshe'htsestse tshhe p'ho'h-mhp-mhene Come take
me here to the saloon! (1987:175). Nhta-tshe'htseha thto'e He took me out on the prairie (1987:177).
-tshe'htsests vti. take s.t. there. naa msta-tshe'htsstshhe nhhe and he took it over there
(1987:18). See: -tshe'otsests.
-tshe'oohe vai. go there. -tshe'oohe. He went there. Ns-tshe'ooestse! Come here quickly! See: tshe'ohts; -tshetsehn.
-tshe'ooh't vti. take s.t. there; bring s.t. there. Mstaohkeva-tshe'ooh'thenovtse. They would
take (the orders) (there) (1987:47).
-tshe'ooh'tov vta. take s.o. there, bring s.o. there. tssta-tshe'ooh'too'vse thhe hospital when
they took me there to the hospital. [1987:198] Ns-tshe'ooh'tovstse Mave'ho'no! Take me to Lame Deer!
-tshe'otse
vii. go there; lead to. -tshe'otse It goes to /it leads to (for example, a road). tnsthnstse montse tsta-tshe'otsee'stse 'xovhtva. How many roads go to Billings? vta: -tshe'otseh.
-tshe'otseh vta. take s.o. there. -tshe'otshho. He brought (or took) him there. Ns-tshe'otseha!
Bring him here! vai: -tshe'ohts.
-tshe'otsests vti. take s.t. there. -tshe'otsstse. He took it there. See: -tshe'htsests. tsh'e p. from this point, from now on.Variant: th'e. See: nh'e. -tshe'xove vii. at this time. tss-tshe'xove at this time. Hen'hanehe ta'se ntanheho'hne'na tsstshe'xove. That's how much I know at this time. (1987:100). See: tshe'xvva; htsetseha.
tshe'xveeva obl. at this time of day. tshe'xvva obl. at this time. This is a new time mentioned in the discourse. It often is close in
meaning to English 'now'. See: nhe'xvva; htsetseha; -tshe'xove.
tshno p. here. nenssstse tshno Come here! (some (all?) speakers would not accept tshhe here).
Tshno he'ameo'h'e hstahe hetane. Here, up the river, the man is from. (1987:173). See: tshhe; htshno.
tshhe p. here. See: nhhe; htshhe; tshno. ts-hevo vii. that which is yellow. tshsepv. Cheyenne; Indian. -tshshna. He prayed in Cheyenne. tshsematanave'ho'e Cheyenne policeman. tshshe'eo'o Indian women. Simplified Spelling: tsisi-.
tshse-aman'o ni. Cheyenne culture. Usage: possible neologism. See: aman'o. -tshseeeh vai. raise s.o. in the Cheyenne way. -tshseeehho. He raised him in the white way.
See: -v'ho'eeeh; -eeh.
Tshsh'e Cheyenne Woman. Tshs-ho'homo'e na. Cheyenne-Sioux. A person of Cheyenne blood who intermarried with the
Sioux. Most of these people live on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota, along the White River. Most of the White River Cheyennes moved to join their fellow Northern Cheyenne people after the reservation in Montana was established, and they live in the White River District (that is, Busby) of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation. Today there still are some Cheyenne-Sioux people in South Dakota, and, apparently, some still speak some Cheyenne, as well as Sioux.Pl: Tshs-ho'homo'eo'o.
tshs-hone'ontse
ni. Cheyenne clothes. Usage: probably neologism, prompted by the greater salience of comparisons between Indian and non-Indian clothing today.
-tshse'v vai. have a Cheyenne wife. s-tshse'va He had a Cheyenne wife (Croft). Medial: -'v. Tshsematanave'ho'e na. Cheyenne policeman. Tshsem'k'e na. Mexican Cheyenne. See: m'ko''e; m'ek'e. -tshsenestse vai. talk Cheyenne. N-tshsenstsehe? Do you talk Cheyenne? N-tshsenestse. I talk
Cheyenne. -tshsenestse. He talks Cheyenne. Simplified Spelling: Etsisinestse.; fai: -nestse. See: tsisi-.
Tshsenstshe
na. Cheyenne Talker. Petter's Indian name; not an original Ch. name. Tssts'hove=ta'se=hp'e=tshsenestsse tsstano'nheevese Tshsenstshe tsthehestoese.
When he did likewise speak Cheyenne, he was named Cheyenne Talker, he was called that.
[1987:144]
-tshsenstsotse
vai. talk Cheyenne. -tshsenstsotse All of a sudden, surprisingly, talked Cheyenne. See: -tshsenestse. ni. Cheyenne language. Ts'the ka'kneho hov'he h'em'stomhevtse tshsenstsstva ohkev'v'ho'nstseo'o naa mato ohkev'hohe=ta'se=v'ho'tanoo'o
Tshsenstsesttse
Whenever these children are told about these things in Cheyenne they talk nothing but English and they act too much like a whiteman. (1987:209). Nhvsvannvo ne-tshsenstsstnne. You are ruining our Cheyenne language. (said by an Oklahoma Cheyenne man to a group of Northern Cheyennes who were gathered in Montana). Simplified Spelling: Tsisinstsistots; Oblique: Tshsenstsstva; vai: -tshsenestse.
-tshsenstsstov vta. talk Cheyenne to s.o. -tshsenstsstovho. He talked Cheyene to him. -tshsenon vai. sing Indian songs. -tshsenne. He sang Indian songs.
-tshsenohe
vai. look like an Indian (or Cheyenne). -tshsenohe He looks like an Indian (or
Cheyenne).
tshsenoo'tse ni. Cheyenne song, Indian song.Pl: tshsenoottse. Tshsepo'ho'e ni. Cheyenne Reservation. See: Tshstno. Usage: this term not widely used. -tshsetan vai. think as an Indian, think as a Cheyenne. N-tshsetno. I'm thinking Indian. -tshsevhe
vai. Cheyenne named. Ntn-tshsevhe? What is your Indian name? Ntshsevhehe? Do you have a Cheyenne name? See: -vh. na. half-breed, breed.Literally: Cheyenne-whiteman. Pl: tshsev'h'e. See: 'xev'ho'e; p'ev'ho'e.
tshsev'ho'e
-tshsevstoem vta. have Indian marriage with s.o., have common law marriage with s.o. that is, live
together without a formal marriage license. -tshsevstoemho. He has a common law marriage with her/he simply lives with her. -tshsevstoemhtseo'o. They are married Indian style (that is, living together without a formal marriage license).Literally: Cheyenne-sits.with.
-tshes vii. be like. a noun stem, describing what something is like, can precede. xov'tove-tshso It
is like a sword. kmhe htsetseha mho'nevhems=heva=hhphetshso now at least there isn't so much fear (1987:192). vai: -tshesta. See: -nhes; -eve.
tshst- i. Cheyenne. -tshest vti. call s.t. this. h'the nta-tshestnone v'kaenoonesttse let's call this the antelope song
(1987:94).
-tshesta vai. be like. See: -nhesta; -hh; -eve; Tsitsistas. mxhe'kone-tshesthevhe It (an.; obv.) was
sturdy. [1987:281] 'seehvsve-tshstasstse (hest?) He was awful looking. (1987:289). vii: tshes.
-tshsth'ne vai. cook Indian. -tshsth'ne She cooks Indian foods. Final: -ah'en. -tshstahe vai. be Cheyenne. N-tshstahe. I'm a Cheyenne. -tshstahe. He is a Cheyenne. Tstshstaestse Cheyenne person. Ts-tshsthese Cheyenne people. The literal meaning of this verb stem is uncertain; various etymologies have often been suggested. Grinnell's record is typical: "They call themselves Tsistsistas, which the books commonly give as meaning "people." It probably means related to one another, similarly bred, like us, our people, or us. The Rev. Rodolphe Petter has pointed out that it may be translated "cut people," "gashed people," for the two words are nearly alike. This last meaning is practicaly that given them on the prairie by whites and Indians alike, and evidently comes from the distant sign which they used to designate themselves, which means "cut arms." If one is speaking by signs to a Cheyenne close at hand and asks his tribe, he will make on the back of the left forward-directed forefinger two or three diagonal cross lines drawn toward his body with the right forefinger, and this is often explained as "striped feathers"-referring to those used on the arrows. The sign at a distance is, as said, that for "cut arms," but that sign has been misinterpreted by the Blackfeet, who have mistaken it for the somewhat similar sign for "spotted," and call the Cheyenne "spotted people," a designation which seems without appropriate meaning." -from George Bird Grinnell, The Cheyenne Indians, Volume I, 1923, pp. 3-4. A plausible linguistic explanation of the term shows the similarity between tshstahe 'he is a Cheyenne' and hstahe 'he is from there, he originates from there' (cf. hesta 'he is that way'); the former perhaps having the tse- cataphoric (or pointing) deictic preverb. If this is actually the case, then the literal meaning of tshstahe would be 'he is this way from there'. Inclusion of the cataphoric deictic may have been due to the frequent use of the hand sign to indicate 'Cheyenne'. Petter, in his 1915 dictionary, page 582, seems to adopt this explanation of the term. If this hypothesis is correct then the tribal name, Tstshsthese, would be literally translated as something like 'those who are this way from there' or, in freer terms, 'the people' or 'those who are of that group', in line with Grinnell's initial remarks above.). See: -mseestse; Hevhetaneo'o; Notamohmsheestse. Tss-tshsthse you (pl) Cheyennes
(for example, the way you believe, as different from other tribes; cf. Ts-tshsthse 'you (pl) Cheyennes'). Tss-tshsthtse we Cheyennes (1987:12). Simplified Spelling: -tsistahe.
-tshesthenene vai. do too much; have too much to do. N-tshesthenene I have too much to do. tshsthvo p. this kind. Ts'the nohkemvne tshsthvo, naa nohksamvhvo. We eat this
kind, but you don't eat it. [JOURNEY.TXT] See: nhsthvo.
-tshsthonon vai. bake Indian bread. -tshsthonne She's making Indian bread. -tshsthtomne vai. understand Cheyenne language. -tshsthtomne. He understands Cheyenne.
See: -tshsenestse; -ahtomn. Final: -ahtomn.
Tshstno ni. Cheyenne people; race; nation; reservation. -tshstoest vai. Cheyenne dress, wear a Cheyenne dress. -tshststa. She has on a Cheyenne dress.
See: hoesttse dress; -tshetost.
-tshstostomo'he
vai. have an Indian (or Cheyenne) personality. See: -v'ho'vostomo'he. tshstostomo'he. He has an Indian personality.
-tshstostn vai. read Cheyenne. -tshststne. He reads Cheyenne. fai: -ostn. Tshstoesttse na. Cheyenne dress. See: hoesttse dress. -tshsthomo'he vai. Indian dance. -tshsthom'heo'o. They Indian danced. that is, danced some
Indian dance.
-tshsto'han vai. make moccasins. -tshsto'hne. She's making moccasins. tshsto'ha na. Indian pony. See: v'ho'vo'ha. tshsto'keha ni. Cheyenne moccasin.Pl: tshsto'khantse. tshsto'khantse -tshstma'
ni. moccasins, Cheyenne moccasins. See: mo'keha.Variant: tshsto'hantse. Singular: tshsto'keha. vai. be painted this way ?? -tshstm'e He's painted (a certain way; translation uncertain). Final: -ma'.
tshstxe'stoo'o ni. Cheyenne book. tshe- i. this way. See: tshet-. tshee- pv. this way. See: thee-. Notes (Phonology) usually assimilated to thee-tsheeh vii. have this tune; be sung so. tahe -theeha Listen! This (to follow) is the way this song
is sung ... Final: -eh. See: -nheeha.
Ts-hee'mheonstse
hee'mhenese.
vai. Mandan.Literally: one who has a dirt (that is, sod) house. Pl: Ts-
ts-he'tovaese vai. the way that he is. See: ts-hetvaese how stubborn he is. ts-he'tov'ttse vta. the way that he appears to us (indep. form?). -tsheema'enen vai. roll your own cigarette. -theema'enne. He rolled his own cigarette. -tsheenone vai. sing this way. -theenone He sang like this ... Theenonstse! Sing like this ...!
Final: -none.
-tsheee
vai. stick out lying. mstaosane-ameanhetotxhnhhe nhhe nhe hohtseto tsstsheenatsse He walked on that log where it was sticking out (over the water) (1987:281).
ts-hexovvxe'ohe vii. diamond (of cards). tsheketo vai. the one who is your mother, your mother. Nvhe tsheketo? Who is your mother?
See: neko.
-tshet vta. say this to s.o. N-tshto. I said this to him, "...". See: -theeha; -thevaen; -het; -nhet. tshet- i. this way (cataph.). See: tshe-. tsheta'e p. from now on, from this point on, this much. See: nheta'e; tshe'xvva; htsetseha. -tsheth' vai. cook this way. N-tsheth'ne. I cook this way. Final: -ah'en. -tshetho'he vai. cooked this way. -tshetho'he. He is cooked this way. -tshetho'hov vai. burn incense (or sage, sweetgrass, etc.). -tshetho'hva He's burning incense. -tshetho'n vta. cedar s.o.; cook s.o. this way. -tshetho'nho. He cedared him. (Can also mean 'He
cooked him this way.').
-tshethtsenotse vai. point with lips. the culturally appropriate way of pointing. -tshethtsenotse.
He pointed with his lips. BodyPartMedial: -ahtsen.
-tshethtsenots'tov vta. point this way to to s.o. with lips. -tshethtsenots'tovho. He pointed
this way to him with his lips.
-tsheta' vti. do something to s.t. vhse-tshet'a khkonheo'o. She pushed down the bread again
(that is, after it has risen from the yeast's effect once). He'ke-tshet'htse! Push on it (the gas pedal)! See: -tshetan.
-tsheta'e't vti. face s.t. -tsheta''ta ho'sta. He's facing the stove. See: -nhta'e'tov; -ae'ta'e'tov. -tsheta'e'tov vta. be positioned toward s.o. but not looking at them (??). -tsheta'e'tovho He's
facing him but looking away. See: -nhta'e'tov; -ae'ta'e'tov.
-tsheta'et vta. rein s.o. -tsheta'etho He reined him/pulled on his reins. -tsheta'' vai. head jerk like this. See: -hseoesta'xe. Nxae-tsheta''e my head just jerked like this
(for example, I woke myself up when my head jerked like this).
-tsheta'e't
vii. face. naa hetane ohkhestanho hox'e tss-tsheta''ta tshne'hkhsem'hnse and the man takes the lodgepole facing the east (1987:223).
e'he
-tsheta'no'ham vai. rein horse(s). N-tsheta'no'hme I controlled horses with reins. tsheta'no'hamstottse ni. lines; bridle reins.Literally: position-head-horse-NOM-PL ??. -tsheta'ohts vai. head that way. ta-tsheta'htse tsnxhsha'hatse. He's walking into the wind. -tsheta'otse
vai. Medial: -a' (CORRECT ANALYSIS?).position tsheta'otsesstse He lowered his head down (1987:171).
head.
statenhe-
-tsheta'e vai. lay facing this way. -tsheta'e. He's lying facing this way. -tsheta'em vta. lay head of s.o. towards. See: -heta'e. hns-tsheta'emovo Mo'htvo'honva
tshnstshe'htsvse. His (Swan's) head is facing towards the Black Hills where they were
heading. (1987:18) (RECK TRANSLATION).
-tsheta'stsem
(1987:96).
vta. drag s.o. to face towards. e'he tsne'hkhsem'hnse mstamhetsheta'stsemhevhe (The animals) were all placed with their heads towards the east.
-tsheta'h vii. jerk; shake; flutter; move wildly; be in motion. See: -tsheta'. naa h'the henonn'e
'hseno'ma'xe-tsheta'htsnse and his fishing line was moving wildly (1987:282). hm'tsheta'hneho ho'sta The light (lit. fire) was in motion. [JOURNEY.TXT] vti: -tshta'hahts.
-tsheta'hahtov vta. apply something to; put something on s.o. -tsheta'hahtovho He put something
(for example, medicine) on him.
-tsheta'hahts
vti. swing s.t.; throw s.t.; shake s.t. -tsheta'hhtse. He threw it towards (there). htxove-tsheta'hhtse. He's swinging it back and forth. Ns-tsheta'hhtsstse! Throw it to me! vai: -tsheta'hasen; vta: -tsheta'ham. See: -nheta'hahts.
-tsheta'ham vta. shake; wave; throw s.o. that direction. See: -nheta'ham. nke-tsheta'hamho. He
waved (s.t.) at him rapidly. Nstsheta'hameha (hhtsme)! Throw him (for example, the ball, animate) to me! [1987:95] vti: -tsheta'hahts.
-tsheta'hasen
vai. wave; motion. hne'hkxae-tsheta'hasenhoo'o n'=onha'e that frog would wave (his front legs) (1987:286).
-tsheta'haso'he vai. ride horse there. -tsheta'haso'he. He went there on horseback. -tsheta'has'heohe vai. ride there on horseback. naa n=na'stse maato ms-tsheta'has'heohehhe
and the other one rode up to the front (of him) (1987:22).
-tsheta' vai. how shoot, how jump. -tshet'o. This is how he fell. -tsheta'oesta's vta. perform surgery on s.o., operate on s.o. ts'ene-tshe'oesta'xse after she had
surgery (1987:197). See: -tshe'oestas; -tshetas.
-tsheta''h vta. pass s.o. this direction. Ns-tsheta''xeha! Hand him to me! See: -tshe'oet. -tsheta'ov vta. herd s.o. esp. to herd a horse. Ne-tshet'ovamho hestotseho. I herded his horses.
[1987:181]
tsheta'vo'hamve'ho'e na. cowboy.Literally: herd-livestock-ve'ho'e. Variant: th'ksave'ho'e. -tsheta'xe vai. jerk; jiggle; move-wildly; shake; flutter; be in motion. htshhe ta'se mksoneho
hma'xe-tsheta'xeo'o tshnmento like there was a bunch of bugs fluttering right here when I sang (1987:159). vti: -tsheta'hahts.
-tshetan vti. fix s.t., do something to s.t. -tshetna. He did something to it. vhse-tshetnhtse!
Turn it back again; play it again (for example, something on a tape recorder)! Tshetanhtse ta'ta'heo'o! Turn the key (to start the car)! vta. fix s.o., do something to s.o. -tshetanho. He took care of him; he worked on him. Naa nv'e 'ame-tshetansesto. And for four days he worked on him (attrib.). (1987:109). vai: tshetanen. See: -tsheta'; -tshe'oet; -phva'o'ts.
-tshetane'naov
vta. commission s.o., give authority to s.o. -tshetane'naovho He gave him authority/he put (something) on him/he commissioned him. nevahe ts-tshetane'naovta'e Who gave you this authority? (Mark 11:28). See: -hne'. -tshetanne. He's doing something behind the house. vta: -tshetan. See: -hesthanen; nhev.
-tshetanen vai. do something. for example, do work illustrated by the speaker's hands. He'pa'onome
-tshetanene vai. do something while prone; lie busy. -tshetanene. He's busy while in a lying
position. [PD653] Usage: could be vulgar.
tshetaneo'o ni. tool. he-tshetaneonevtse their tools. [1987:28] Notes (Phonology) vsPl: tshetaneontse. -tshetas
vta. slit s.o., cut s.o., circumcise s.o., perform surgery on s.o. Cheyennes have not traditionally circumcised their infant boys, but circumcision is often performed now on baby boys by modern doctors. Some speakers have used this verb as a euphemism for 'circumcise'. -tshetsho. He performed surgery on him. N-tshetxne. I had an operation (lit. I was cut). Msta-tshetshevhe mo'e'e'honono. She slit a gunny sack. [1987:29] Tsstaeno'kema'heneeevetse tshe'hestotsse mstshetxhhe. One week after he was born, he (baby Jesus) was circumcised (Luke 1:59).
-tshete'e vai. drink this way. -tshete'e. He's drinking this way. -tshettseee'e -tshetax -tshetaxe
vai. flared nostrils. -tshettseee'e. His nostrils are flared/he is breathing hard. BodyPartMedial: -httseem nostril. vti. cut s.t., whittle s.t. N-tshetxa. I whittled/cut it. (for example, twig, meat). vta: tshetas. See: -vov'sax. vta. have surgery. -tshetaxe. He had surgery.Literally: cut this way. vta: -tshetas. See: 'xhosvo'as.
tshto p. here. See: htshto; tshhe; tshno. tshto vai. what I said. tsheto what you said. tsheese what he said. tshtse what we said. tshse
what you (plural) said. tshvse what they said. Stem: -he1.
-tshet' vai. vii. float this way. -tshet'o. He/It is floating this way. Final: -'. -tshete'e
vai. stand looking that way. -tsheteeo'o. They are standing look that way (that
direction).
-tshete'e vai. look while standing. -tshete'e. He looked while standing. -tsheteeo'o. They
are standing looking. Notes (Phonology) vs fai: 2. See: -tshetnoo'e.
-tsheteotse vai. look. Ntxaetxe-tsheteotse. I glanced all around. [1987:28] Nhva'ee'e nonhpa
nstaphve-tsheteotse. Your head is covered, so that you will be able to see (understand). [1987:146] See: -tteotse; -o'; -heteotse.
-tshetost vii. hang this way. -tshetosta. It's hanging this way. See: -host2 hang. -tshetee vai. lie looking. he-tshete. He was looking outside (for example, leaning on window
sill).
tshtheo'o ni. 1 poker. for example, for a fire.

2 penis. Usage: fig.. See: vtoo'tse.
-tshethov vta. wave at s.o. -tshethovho. He waved at him. Final: -ohov. -tsheto'hotse
middle.
vai. run this way, run that direction. Stve -tsheto'hotseo'o. They ran to the
-tshet'a'h vii. wave in the wind, flap in the wind. -tshet''ha. It waved/flapped (in the wind).
Mheementse xxae-tshet'a'hnsesttse. Corn was really waving in the wind. (1980:2:36).
-tshet'a'xe vai. wave in the wind; flap in the wind. -tshet'a'xe. He (for example, shirt) flapped in
the wind. ohkema'xe-tshet'a'xe hsta'se. The snow is blowing in the wind.
-tsheto'am vai. shoot in this direction. he'ama sta-tsheto'amsesto He shot upward. (1987:304).
See: -ho'am.
-tsheto'ev
vai. have something wrong with skin; have a skin disease. See: -then. ma'xetsheto'va There's something wrong with his skin. BodyPartMedial: -o'ev.
-tsheto't vii. sit this way. -tshet'ta. It sits this way. -tsheto'ts vti. put s.t. like this. -tshet'tse. He put it like this. fti: -o'ts. -tsheto'xev vai. vow; pledge. refers to pledging to do something. See: -hoxh'ev; -nheto'xev; vstomo'han. -tsheto'xva. He vowed this.
tshetma'xovahttse ni. Final: -ma'xov.walking plow. -tshetmest

vai. escape to there. -tshetmsta. He escaped to there. -tshetmstao'o. They escaped to there. See: -tshe'hov; -hmest. vai. feel this way. Hp'e n-tshetomhtahe. I have the same sickness. See: hetomhtahe.
-tshetomhtahe
-tshetneanen vai. make a web; fence ?? See: -amneanen. v'ho'e -tshetneanne The spider is
making a web.
-tshetnoo'e
vai. sit looking. -tshetnoo'e. He sat looking. N'hket'moto''o'ha n'hkeehevsvo ntae-tshetnome e'he tshnxhsem'hnse (Grandfather) would get
me up early in the morning. I used to go with him. We sat looking towards the east (lit. where the sun appears). (1987:220). Notes (Phonology) vs See: -tshete'e.
-tshetonv vai. hang drymeat. -tshetonvao'o. They have drymeat hanging. Nhe'e mhma'xetshetonvhevhe. Then they had drymeat hanging. (1987:261). fai: -onv; Synonym: txeetn.
-tshet'o vai. look that way, look that direction. Notes (Phonology) not vs -tshet'o. He looked that
direction. Tshet'htse! Look! Ns-tshet'htse! Look here (towards me)! See: -heto'; hto'.
-tshetoma'ha vii. rile; boil (of water's motion, not heat). xxae-tshetoma'hnse The water was just
boiling. [JOURNEY.TXT] Final: -a'ha.
-tshetomanhe vai. go there for water. Ntaohketshetomanhme. We would go there to get water.
See: -manohe.
-tshetomeotse
vii. rile; ripple; boil. Noo, thhe hne'osaneem'-tshetemeotsnse. Oh my, suddenly over there the water started rippling. (1987:276). ne'ee-tshetomeotse. The water is riled up.
-tshetsan vai. gnaw ?? he'kotoo'e -tshetsanstove Be quiet, he's gnawing (for example, biting
on his fingers while teething)! [a Ch saying]
-tshetotse'ohe vai. work this way. -tshetotse'ohe. He does this kind of work. -tshetxomeven
vta. feed s.o. this. See: -hoxom. hp'e m-tshetxomevenhhe He must have been fed the same thing.
-tshetsehn vai. walk this direction. -tshetshne. He walked this direction. Ns-tshetshne! Come to
me! [1987:183] See: -tshe'oohe; nen-.
-tshetshnv vta. approach s.o. -tshetshnevho ?? He came near him. Ven-tshetshneva Ma'h'o!
Come near God! See: -ho'ht; -nhtsht.
-tshvotsehe vai. blow smoke in this direction. xaehse-tshvotsehe na'xne. He blows smoke in
my face. [PD1104] Final: -otsehe.
-tshe... ?? these sequences are sometimes difficult to distinguish from -tse... Tsh-mhemhov'ta vii. Wyola, Montana.Literally: where (mountains) all come together. tsh-mhomoha
vii. See: ts'noomoha.
ocean.Literally: where.all.over.water.lie.
vii: -mhomoeh;
Final: -eh.
Tsh-ma'ho'a''ta
vii. Watonga, Oklahoma.Literally: where there are red (hills) facing together. Watonga is also called Ovemanhno. See: Ovemanhno.
tsh-ma'heneeeve vii. when it was Sunday. tsh-mmheve'htanto tsh-mmhevento

vii. forehead center. Usage: may be neologism translation.Literally: where-come together-forehead ??. Medial: -'htan. vii. BodyPartMedial: -en.
or
loan
sternum.
Usage: probably
neologism.Literally: where-join-chest.
Tsh-mmhev'ta vii. Cantonment, Oklahoma; Wyola, Montana.Literally: where (the woods) comes
together (for Cantonment). Literally: where (mountains) come together (for Wyola).
tsh-manheve vii. island. tsh-mano'k'o'e vii. small grove, small clump of trees, small bush.Literally: where there is vegetation
growing in a bunch. See: Mano'o'eo'h'e.
tsh-movon'o vii. early this morning; when it was early morning. See: -vona'. tsh-mstse'eve vii. cottonwood grove.Literally: where there is a cottonwood grove. tshnehovse vai. as for him. Stem: -nehove. tsh-nhpene vii. where the dam is. tshn'evhne'enovhstove vii. higher education. See: -hne'enovahe; n'eve-. tsh-nsovaotse vii. where it (for example, road or river) forks. Tshhe Mave'hono tsh-nsovaotse
ohkemheehstove. Here at the Forks of Lame Deer there was a gathering. [1987:179]
tshnh'eestove vii. parking lot. Usage: neologism. ts-hoha'ho'osta mxe'stnemh'o vii. college; university.Literally: that which is very high
school.
ts-hohk'so vii. purple. a Sun Dance paint. ts-hhthnese vai. jury; disciples.Literally: those who are twelve. -tsho'eh vii. lie all over; spread about. -tsho'ha. It's lying all over; spread about (for example,
broken glass from a car accident).
-tsho'hasen vai. messy, trashy. -tsho'hasne. He has a messy place (room, yard, etc.). Txeha
mnva ma'xe-tsho'hasenstove. It's trashy along the road.
tsho'emnstse cj. judge, lawyer, attorney, legislator.Variant: ho'emanhe. Pl: tsho'emanese. -tsho'ee vai. lie scattered. Naa ts'the sevone xxamae-tsho'enasstse. And this buffalo herd was
just lying all over. (1987:309). See: -ho'ee; -ho'e.
-tsho'em vta. 1 scatter s.o. See: -pehahts; -tse'tse'xe't.

2 romantically impress s.o. N-tsho'ema. I was scattered all over by him; fell to pieces over him. Usage: humorous and colorful idiom.
Ts-ho'ham'ta Hohtva-mheo'o vii. Decker (Montana) hill.Literally: that.which-hillside-be.at store. ts-ho'hoonvosenase -tsho'ketame
vai. Circle of Stars (constellation).Literally: those which hang in a circle. Variant: tsx-ho'hoon'ta. vii. shallow. -tsho'ketame. It (the water) is shallow. Antonym: -ho'etame deep.Variant: -tho'ketame. vovoxe'ohe; Synonym: -hestxxe'ohe.
ts-ho'xxe'ohe vii. written at the end. ts-ho'xxe'ohe that which is written at the end. Antonym: ts-ho'sese vai. dancers.Literally: those who are dancing. See: -ho'soo'e. tse-ho'soo'stse vai. the dancer; the one who is dancing. tshna'ovevhonevstse mxe'stnemhene vai. school principal.
ts-hna'ovevhonevstse mxe'stne-mhene
vai. school principal.Literally: the.one.who.isnext-chief school-at. The school superintendent would be first in charge. See: ts-ne'th'tvtse mxe'stnheho.
ts-htxvetovto vii. cross.Literally: that which is cross-shaped. ts-hoxo'htsvo vii. green. used as a Sun Dance paint.Literally: that which is green. tsh-pa'han'to vai. prominent bone of nape.Literally: where-hump-nape) (PD) ??. tsh-pa'ma'o'e vii. hill.Literally: where there is a knob of land. See: -pa'ma'o'e; hohose. Tshphevoma'enenstove
vii. Memorial Day.Literally: when the ground is groomed. See: Soto tshphvoma'envse; Phvoma'enenee.
tsh-v'kevhan'to vii. cavity of nape.Literally: where-concave-nape (PD) ??. tshv'omho'a''ta vii. White Ridge. near Birney. tshvovhnheeestse tshemanstse
vai. alcoholism treatment center.Literally: where the heavy drinker is taken care of. Usage: neologism.
ts'a''ene'h'ta vii. room. See: -a''ene'ho'ta. ts'-amhesto vii. ridge. See: hes-. ts'amneane vii. fence. vii: -amneane. ts'-amovane vii. where the irrigation ditch is. -ts'' vti. touch s.t. by foot. esp. to touch s.t. with your toe, as when pointing at s.t. with your foot. ts''a. He touched it with his toe.
-ts'e''h vta. touch s.o. for example, to touch s.o. with a finger. -ts'e'o'ho. He touched him with his
finger. See: -mxan.
-ts'e''ts vti. touch s.t. briefly. for example, to test its temperature. This probably (??) indicates a
touching with the fingertips, rather than the entire hand. -ts'e''tse. He touched it. vai: ts'e''h. See: -ts'en; -mxan.
-ts'en vti. touch s.t. refers to touching with a fingertip. -ts'na. He touched it (with his fingertip).
See: -hetseh; -hetse'; -ts'e''ts. vta. touch s.o., tap s.o. -ts'enho. He touched him. See: -onsn; -hetsh(n).
ts'-nano'stove vii. farm.Literally: where there is planting. ts'-noomoha vii. beach.Literally: where.ends.water.lie. Final: -eh. See: tshmhomoha. -ts'eoestoh(n) vta. 1 touch s.o. quickly. for example, to touch s.o. with a hot iron.
2 anger s.o., light the fire of s.o., get the goat of s.o. Usage: fig.. N-ts'eoestoha. He got my
goat.
-ts'eoha'ov
vta. nudge s.o.; poke s.o. for example, to nudge someone with your elbow. ts'eoha'ovho He nudged him.
-ts'em vta. touch s.o. Ns-ts'emeha nhtse'pohttse! Light my cigarette! -ts'evo'h(n) vai. bunt s.o., touch s.o. what is bunted is a ball (animate). (v'ne)-ts'evo'hnho. He
bunted. (optional preverb means 'just, only'). Medial: -evo'.
-ts'han vti. ignite s.t. -ts'hna. He ignited it. Nstseev'-ts'hnvo! Don't ignite it yet! (said to
more than one person). See: -ts'ho'h.
-ts'ho'h vti. ignite s.t., set s.t. on fire. N-ts'hh. I set it on fire. [Croft] Synonym: -xo'sn. See: ts'han.
-ts'ho'h(n) vta. touch s.o. with fire. -ts'ho'nho. He touched him with fire. N-ts'h'no. I set him on
fire. [Croft] Synonym: -xo'sn.
-ts'ho'hov vai. light a fire. -ts'ho'hva. He's lighting a fire. -tse'ko'a'x vai. seesaw, teeter-totter. Nth-tse'ko'a'xmne! Let's go seesaw! fai: -a'xe. tse'nmohko
na. tobacco. pipe diminutive: tse'nmoo'o.
mixture; part of general Sun Dance equipment.
Non-
tse'nmoo'o
na. tobacco.Pl: tse'nmoono. Obviative: tse'nmoono; Diminutive: tse'nmohko. The diminutive is less commonly used than this form. See: peono'e. Etymology: *0e'0e:ma:wa (ending reshaped as if with -a:kan-a for Ch. reflex) (Go88). ni. tobacco pouch.Pl: tse'nmoomstottse. part of Sun Dance equipment. fni: mesttse.
tse'nmoomesttse
ts'hke -vo'svse ka'kneho vai. gym.Literally: where-REG-play-PL child-PL. ts'hke-hto'hohstove vii. cemetery.Literally: where there is burying. ts'hke-anhesvanohstove vii. slide (playground equipment). ts'hke-nhenstove
vii. gas station.Literally: where ts'hkenohe where gas is filled. vai: -nhen. there is filling up. See: amke
ts'hke-neohstove vii. parking lot.Literally: where there is stopping. ts'hkhstoemahtove mxe'stontse

from. vii. supply room.Literally: where books are given out
ts'hk-hstoemahtove mxe'stontse vii. supply room.Literally: from where books are given
out.
Ts'hk-hosanstove
vii. Christmas.Literally: when there is hanging (of things on trees). hosanstove. It's Christmas time. See: Stoveanva. There is no term in common use
specifically referring to any religious aspect of Christmas, although Tsxhestatsse Vo'stanvstmanhe 'when the Savior was born' has been suggested', but this is not in common usage.
ts'hk-hhta'hanstove
vii. Variant: hhta'hanmh'o.
courthouse.Literally: where
there
is
testifying.
ts'hk-ho'sanstove vii. storeroom, trunk. See: -ho'san. ts'hk-homsnove

vii. kitchen.Literally: where there is cooking. Variant: ts'hk-homsstove. See: homsmh'o. vii. kitchen. See: homsmh'o.Variant: ts'hk-homsnove. See: homsmh'o.Literally: where-HABIT-cook-IMPERS.
ts'hk-homsstove ts'hkhvht'ta
mxe'stontse vii. Variant: ts'hkenaest'ta mxe'stontse.
library.Literally: where
the
books
are
stored.
ts'hke-manstove vii. water fountain. ts'hke-mshstove vii. dining room. ts'hke-mxe'eotsstove vii. studio.Literally: where pictures are taken. ts'hke-naest'ta (hostone)mxe'stontse vii. library.Literally: where books are all in one place. ts'hkenaest'ta mxe'stontse ts'hke-neto'hamstove
vii. library.Literally: where the books are all in one place. Variant: ts'hkhvht'ta mxe'stontse. vai. pasture. ts'hke-neto'hamstove pasture.Literally: where-regularlystand-livestock-IMPERS.
ts'hke-nh'eestove vii. parking lot. See: ts'hke-neohstove. ts'hkeo'hmshnove

Usage: neologism. vii.
park.Literally: where
there
are
picnics.
See: o'h-;
-msehe.
ts'hke-'oestove vii. detox center.Literally: where there is drying out. Usage: neologism. ts'hk-eenhtove vii. bedroom.Literally: where there is lying down. ts'hkevovstomsanstove vii. classroom.Literally: where there is teaching. ts'-ova''en'h'ta vii. schoolroom. ts'ova'en'h'ta vii. schoolroom.
ts'the pro. this; these. can modify a noun or stand alone. Ntavmo ts'the eva. I saw this one
yesterday. often cliticizes to a following word losing word final /-h/: ts't=hetane this man. See: h'the; t'the.
-tse'tse'vone vii. scratchy noise. -tse'tse'vone. It's a scratchy noise. See: -ksvone. -tse'tse'e'hahe vai. have a ragged voice. See: tse'tse'xoma. -tse'tse'e'hahe He has a ragged/shredded
voice.
-tse'tse'xe't vai. 1 hang shredded. See: -peehahts; -p'peeotse; -'otse'konn.

2 fig., be broken-hearted. N-tse'tse'x'to I (that is, my heart) is in shreds (from a failure in
romance).
-tse'tse'xo't vii. shredded. -tse'tse'x'ta. It's there shredded. for example, an old tent. tse'tse'xoma
na. shawl. Obviative: tse'tse'xoomaho. See: homa.Literally: fringed-blanket. Pl: tse'tse'xoomaho.
ts-mhthtoh ho'emanstottse vii. the Ten Commandments. Usage: loan transl.. ts-ma'hesthevxe'ohe vii. hearts (playing card).Literally: that.which.is.-red-heart-written. ts-m'o vii. that which is red. -tsma'o'h vta. soil s.o. can be used literally or figuratively. -tsma'o'hho. He soiled him. Nstsenstsma'o'xe. You'll get me soiled.
-tsma'o'ts vti. ruin s.t. N-tsma''tse. You ruined it. ts-ma'ma'htsvo

light.colored(?). vii. pink. one of the Sun Dance paints. See: -ma'.Literally: that.which.is-red-
ts-ma'ome vii. strawberry soda pop, catsup.Variant: ma'om'esttse. tsma'ome vii. strawberry soda pop; catsup. ts-ma'vtse vai. roan.Literally: the.one.which.is-red-hided. See: -ma'ov. tsma'vtse vai. roan. ts-m'tostose tsna'nhthatse vai. 8th grade graduates. ts-ma'xevhonevstse vai. king.Literally: the one who is big chief. used by some for 'king of cards';
others say heve-v'ho'e.
ts-mano'set'stve-vetovto vii. cube. Usage: neologism. -tsmeotse vii. vai. spoiled, jinxed, ruined. -tsmeotse. He/It is jinxed/turned out bad. ts-mo'htvh't vii. soot. See: pa'e.Literally: that which is burned black (from heat). ts-mo'htvhesthevxe'ohe vii. spades (of cards).Literally: that which is black heart written. ts-mo'htvhesthevxe'ohe vii. spades (of cards).Literally: that which is black heart written. ts-mo'htvo vii. black. a Sun Dance paint. tsmom'hhthtse vai. Persian horse.Pl: tsmom'hahtase. ts-mom'hahtase vai. Persian horses.Literally: those which have shaggy-feet. tsmneastostnstse
vai. Pl: tsmneastostonese. started-studying.
Head
Start
student.Variant: tsmneastxe'stnstse.
ts-mneastxe'stnese vai. Headstart Program students, new students.Literally: those.who-recentlytsmneastxe'stnstse ts-mneee'stse

vai. Variant: tsmneastostnstse.
Head
Start
student.Pl: tsmneastxe'stnese.
cj. young person.Literally: one who is recently grown. Pl: ts-mneeese. See: ksovhe; kse'he.
ts-mxe'stnstse vai. secretary.Literally: one.who-writes. tsmxe'stotxvtse vai. secretary.
ts-naeshtha vii. six (of cards). ts-naeshtha vii. six (for example, of cards).Literally: that which is six times. ts-naeshthatse tshostose vti. sixth graders. ts-na'hatse tshostose vti. third graders. ts-na'nhtha eight (of cards). ts-na'nhthatse tshostose vti. eighth graders. ts-nhpo'anstse hva vai. zoo animal.Literally: animal which is penned in. Pl: tsnhpo'anese hovhne.
Obviative: tsnhpo'antsese hovhne.
ts-ne'evvsnstse
vai. umpire; watchman; guard.Literally: the one who watches. Variant: tsne'evvsnstse; ne'evvoosanhe.
tsne'evvsnstse vai. umpire; guard; watchman. ts-ne'evvxe'oestse vai. the marked one. esp. the marked handgame bone. ts-ne'taestse
vai. Lord. Usage: used with this Christian meaning in the post-missionary period.Literally: the main one. vai: -ne'tahe. one.
Tsne'taestse vai. Lord; ruler. See: ts-ntaestse? 'the different one'; ; -ne'tahe.Literally: the important tsne'th'tvhtse mxe'stnheho
vta.
school
principal.Variant: tshna'ovevhonevstse
mxe'stnemhene.
ts-ne'th'tvhtse mxe'stnheho tsnshtha vii. seven (of cards). ts-nshtha vii. seven (of cards).
vta. school principal.Literally: he who supervises students. See: ts-hna'ovevhonevstse mxe'stne-mhene.
ts-nshthatse tshostose vti. seventh graders. ts-nevese vai. mourners.Literally: those who are mourning. these are recognized by having their
hair cut as a sign of mourning.
tsnva vii. four (of cards). ts-nva vii. four (of cards). ts-nvatse tshostose vti. fourth graders. ts-nvononvetovto vii. Maltese Cross.Literally: that.which.is-four-forked(?)-shaped). ts-nxa vii. deuce (of cards). tsnxa vii. deuce (of cards). ts-nxaa'stse
number.
vii. those which are two in number. ts-nxaa'stse those (inan.) which are two in
ts-nxhevstse vai. orphan.Pl: ts-nxhvese. ts-nxatse tshostose vti. second graders. -tseno
ni. Oblique: -tsnne.armpit (poss.). ma-tseno an armpit. tshhe he-tsenone (tsnne?) mhv'nenhet'heenhhe here up to his (frog's) armpits he was kept from being swallowed whole (1987:285). Etymology: *me0enkwiyi (reshaped pre-Ch, as if me0enkwani).Pl: matsnontse.
ts-nhna vii. five (of cards). ts-nhna vii. five (of cards). ts-nhonatse tshostose vti. fifth graders. ts-no'ennstse vai. catcher (esp. in baseball). ts-no'kaestse vai. he who is one in number. for example, monotheistic God. ts-no'kaestse He who is
one in number.
ts-no'ka'etse tshostose vii. first graders. ts-no'hnstse vai. the batter (in baseball). See: -o'hhne?. -tsnon mbp. armpit. See: -tsnoon. hoxeme-tsnna He has B.O./stinky armpits. m'e-tsnna He
has hairy armpits. taaseto'hove-tsnon'ta He took it (for example, book) away under his arm.
ts-nonom'ta vii. jello.Literally: that which quivers. -tsnoo'o ni. wing (poss.). Inanimate for some speakers, but animate for others. he-tsnoo'e his wing.
he-tsnoo'o (alternate pronunciation). he-tsnoontse his wings.Pl: ma-tsnoontse. na. wing (poss.). ma-tsnoono wings. he-tsnoono his wings(s). 'hkeamstsemho hetsnoono. He (a sagehen) would drag his wings. (1987:177). he-tsnoonevho their wings (1987:177). See: mee'e feather.
-tsnoon mbp. wing. See: -tsnon. m'e-tsnoonmxhhe He (bird) must have been shot and gotten
a broken wing. mskane-tsnoonhe bat (lit. brown-winged-one). 'e-tsnna He has a broken wing.
-tsnota na. cross nephew (poss.). cross nephew is an anthropological label for a man's sister's son or a
woman's brother's son; considered "nephew" (in contrast to "son"; -e'hah) in the Cheyenne kinship system. na-tsnota my cross nephew. na-tsnotaho my cross nephews. he-tsnotaho his cross nephew(s). na-tsnothasstse cross nephews (voc.). See: -e'ha son. Etymology: *ne0enkwa0ehsa.
tsohk-ho'emanese mxe'stnemhene vai. school board.Literally: those who make the laws at
school.
tsohk-hvhtsstse mxe'stontse vai. librarian.Literally: the one who stores books. tsohk-hxe'annstse vai. janitor; custodian.Literally: the one who cleans. Variant: hxe'anenhe. tsohke-nnhto vii. pacifier.Literally: something that is sucked on. See: -nnht. tseohke-pano'ohe vii. bread spread, jam, peanut butter.Literally: that which is spread on. tsohk-snxe'eotsstmnstse vai. x-ray technician. tsohketoetanto
vii. computer.Literally: that which keeps (things) in mind. Variant: toetanohttse. Usage: neologism. vai: -toetan.
tsohnehovse vai. realized that it was that person. See: -nehove. tsohv'etvomhthstove vii. drugs.Literally: that which causes goofy feelings. vai: -tvomhtahe. tso'- i. legs spread. tso'a'ov vta. spread apart legs of s.o. -tso'a'ovho. He spread apart his legs. Usage: can be vulgar. -tso'an vta. spread open legs of s.o. -tso'anho. He spread her legs open. This especially refers to
spreading a female's legs open for intercourse; this term can be used for a forcible action by a man against a woman who previously refused him or otherwise did something that angered him. This is not usually said of one's wife, but of some other woman.
-tso'ehtse vai. walk with legs spread. -tso'ehtse. He's walking with his legs spread. for example,
how babies walk sometimes.
-tso'e'e vai. stand with legs spread. -tso'e'e. He's standing with his legs spread. -tso'eotse vai. spread legs. -tso'eotse. He spread his legs. esp. of a woman before intercourse. vta: tso'an.
-tso'sotse vai. spread buttocks. Nxaet'-ts'sotse. You're leaning over with your butt spread out. -tso'ee vai. lie with spread open legs. typically refers to the position of a woman ready for intercourse.
This is an ungraceful position. -tso'e. He's lying sprawled out. See: -hto'ee; -m'e'ee; o'xat'ee; -tsho'em.
-tso'oo'e vai. sit with legs spread. -tso'oo'e. He's sitting with his legs spread apart (as men often do). ts-onsthkev'hoo'stse vai. snuff; Copenhagen.Literally: that which is in a round container. ts-onsthko vii. circle.Literally: that which is circular.
ts-onthvene'ho'taa'stse vii. departments.Literally: those which are different rooms. ts-pene vii. hamburger.Literally: (meat) which is ground. Variant: tspene ho'vohktse. ts-pene kseeshotamhesthttse vii. sausage links. ts-pene kseeshotamho'vohktse vii. sausage patties; pork sausage. ts-pene ho'vohktse vii. hamburger.Variant: tspene. Literally: meat which is ground. tsphvstsav'o'e ni. flower.Literally: that.which.is-pretty-headed-growth. It is quite likely that there
was no historical word for 'flower'.Pl: tsphvstsav'o'ee'stse. See: phvstsv'stse; heovstse tshet'o'ee'stse.
ts-p'kevov'hsstse vai. gray pinto. ts-p'kevov'hsstse vai. gray pinto. ts-sha mahpe vii. lake, pond. Usage: appears to be replacing obsolescing n'hne, at least among
younger speakers.Literally: that which is spread out water.
ts-set'stvhexovvetovto vii. square. Usage: neologism.Literally: same-length-sided.figure. tssohtoh vii. nine (of cards). vii: -sohtoh. ts-shtha vii. nine (of cards). ts-sohthatse tshostose vti. ninth graders. tssta-anhemto'e'eve vii. where there are lots of ash trees going down. a place along the road
between Busby and Crow Agency; the road goes down at that point.
tss-tov'oma'ene vii. cut-through hill. esp. for a road. tss-tke'ma'heneeeve vii. when it was Saturday. ts-stot'evo'omno vii. where there are pine trees on the hill. specifically, where Custer was laid
to rest. Medial: -'om ??; Final: -'(e).
ts-thpe'sese
hhnomaho vai. hhnomaho.bumblebees.Literally: those.which.are-big-bellied bees.
Obviative: tsthpe'stsese
ts-t'hovane vii. sandwich.Literally: that which is in between. tsto'sheeameohtsto vii. procedures. Usage: neologism.Literally: how things are going to go along.
See: -ameohts.
tstno ni. ice cream. See: -ton cold. ts-tno vii. ice cream.Literally: that which is cold. ts-tnovo'ee ho'vohktse vii. T-bone steak.Literally: meat which is thick cut. ts-toome vii. cool liquid.Literally: that which is a cold liquid. Tstshstaestse
vai. Cheyenne person. Simplified Spelling: Tsitsistaists, Zizistaisz.Pl: Tstshsthese. Obviative: Tstshsthtsese. The plural is the Cheyenne name for themselves; its literal meaning is uncertain; see discussion under -tshstahe. See: -tshstahe. vai. Cheyennes. Simplified Spelling: Tsitsistas, Tsetsestas, Zizistas, Zizisdas; vai: tshstahe. This spelling is technically correct in the modern Cheyenne alphabet but it is very difficult to read. And it is often difficult for newspapers and other printing places to print. An acceptable popular spelling for this conjunct plural participle is Tsitsistas. If a popular spelling is used (such as for nontechnical writing), one should be aware that the spelling Tsistsistas is ungrammatical. This latter spelling has been used fairly often in printed material, but it attempts to combine two different kinds of conjunct morphology which do not fit together. It is possible to use the conjunct "oblique" preverb s- (phonemic /h-/) with non-third person forms, in which case you would no longer be using participle forms, but rather non-participle conjunct forms. Forms which begin as Tsit... or, in the modern linguistic orthography used throughout this dictionary, as Tst..., are conjunct participles, which are most accurately translated as English relative clauses, for example, Tstshstaestse (popular spellings Tsitsistaists, Zizistaisz, or Zezestaesz) 'the one who is a Cheyenne (that is, a Cheyenne person)'; Tstshsthese (popular spellings Tsitsistas or Zizistas or Zezestas) 'those who are Cheyennes (i.e. Cheyenne people); Tsthsthto 'I who am a Cheyenne'. Forms which begin with Tsst... (or in popular spelling, Tsist... or Zesz...), are nonparticiple conjunct verbs, and are to be translated as English adverbial phrases, for example, Tsstshsthvse 'since they are Cheyennes, because they are Cheyennes', Tsstshsthto 'because I
Tstshsthese
am a Cheyenne', etc. Some Cheyennes think this word may have derived somehow from tstshestase 'those who are like this'.
Tsetsestas vai. Cheyennes. Precise Spelling: Tstshsthese. Usage: This is one popular, simpler spelling
for Tstshsthese. Another is Tsitsistas. The spelling Tstshsthese is technically correct in the modern Cheyenne alphabet but very difficult to read. And it is often difficult for newspapers and other printing places to print. This word may be a pitch alteration of tstshestase 'those who are like this.'. See: -tshstahe; -tshesta.
-tsvaehahts vti. 1 throw down s.t. so dust is raised.

2 Nhe-tsvaehhtse. I got rid of it. Usage: fig.. See: -tsvatoehahts.
-tsvae''h vta. 1 leave s.o. in the dust. Nto'se-tsvae'o'htse. I'll leave you in the dust. N-tsvae''ho.
I left him in the dust (fig., I paid him). 2 pay s.o. Nstamne-tsvae'o'htse. I'll pay you back on payday.
-tsvaen vta. 1 dust s.o.

2 pay bill to s.o. -tsvaenho. He paid him what he owed him. See: -tsvae'h.
-tsvaeno' vai. raise dust. -tsvaen'e. He's raising dust. -tsvae'h vta. 1 dust s.o.
2 pay a bill to s.o. -tsvaeo'ho. He paid his bill to him. Usage: fig.; obsolescing idiom. See: onnxomev; -tsvaen.
-tsvae'e vii. be dusty. esp. of a swirl of dust; appears to speak lit. of the dust standing which is
apparently how it is perceived. -tsvae'e it's dusty. -tsvae'e It (esp. the environment) is dusty. sa-tsvaeehane it's not dusty. [1987:26] Notes (Phonology) vs
-tsvaeotse vii. be dusty; blizzardy. -tsvaeotse It's dusty. tsva(n)- i. dusty. -tsvan vii. blizzard. -tsvno It's a blizzard. See: -ho'to. ts-vno'meeotse vii. Mentholatum, Vicks.Literally: that which is sage-smelling. -tsvaoe'o'h vta. give s.o. dust. for example, while passing with a car. -tsvaoe'o'hho He gave him
dust.
Tsvathn'e na. Dusty Walking Woman. -tsvatema'o'e vii. be dusty ground. -tsvatema'o'e It is dusty ground. -tsvatoeem
vta. flop s.o. on the ground. -tsvatoeemho. He flopped him on the ground. Nstama'xe-tsvatoeemtse. I'll throw you so hard the dust will fly (a threat).
-tsvatoohen vai. make dust, make things dusty. Ntho'-tsvatoohenehe? Am I making dust? (for
example, sweeping it so that the wind blows it in your face).
ts-vhonevstse vai. the one who is chief; boss. tsma'xe-vhonevstse king (political or of playing
cards) (lit. the one who is big chief).
tsvhonevstse mxe'stnemhene vai. school superintendent. ts-vhonevstse (mxe'stnemhene) vai. school superintendent. ts-vhpotsvevetovt vii. be a leaf shape. ts-vhpotsvevetovt Usage: probably neologism. ts-v'evtoo'e vii. cave. See: voxe. Can be used to refer to the vagina or anus, and so this word is
sometimes avoided in speech.Literally: that which is a concave hole.
tsv'keno'e vii. wine.Literally: that which tastes sweet. See: -v'keno'e taste sweet. tsv'htsemo vta. the one who is my companion; the one who is my wife; my wife. Usage: a newer
word for his (or her) spouse than tsvstoemose. See: -v'htsm.
tsv'htsmose vta. his (or her) companion, his (or her) spouse. Usage: a newer word for his (or her)
spouse than tsvstoemose. See: -v'htsm.
tsv'etno vii. window screen.Literally: that by which there is cooling. tsvstoemo vta. the one who is my spouse.Literally: the one who I sit with. vta: -vstoem.
tsvstoemtse vta. your spouse, the one who is your spouse. vta: -vstoem. -tsvheonan vai. make dust; raise dust. -tsvheonne. He's making dust. ts-v'komaestse vai. the white one. esp. for the blank handgame bone. Anohe hv'komaestse White
Hawk. e'he hv'komaestse White Moon. Ho'nohv'komaestse White Wolf.
ts-v'kmo vii. that which is white. ts-v'nvvtse vai. bay (horse). tsv'nvvtse vai. bay horse. tsvov'hsstse vai. pinto. ts-vov'hsstse vai. pinto. tsx-henaotsstove
epidemic.
vii. when there were many deaths. this occurred in 1919, from a terrible flu
tsxhestotsse
hestotse.
vai. his birthday.Literally: when he was born. Holliman Spelling: zi khi sstoo zi; vai: -
tsx-ho'hoon'ta vii. Circle of Stars (constellation).Literally: where camp sets in a circle. Variant: tsho'hoonvosenase.
Tsx-htxha
vii. Clinton, Oklahoma.Literally: where there is the crossing (of railroad tracks?). Variant: Hoxe'o'h'e.
tsx-hvht'ta mxe'stontse vii. library.Literally: where books are stored. tsxhvhto'taa'stse mxe'stontse
vii.
library.Literally: where
books
are
stored.
Usage: neologism. See: -hvhto't.
tsx-hxovma'ene vii. filled in valley (esp. for a road).Literally: across-ground-?. tsisipv. Cheyenne, Indian. Simplified spelling. Tsisinstsistots Spelling: tshse-. See: -tshstahe; Tshsenstsesttse. tshsenestse.
Cheyenne language. Precise
Tsisinstsistots ni. Cheyenne language. Simplified spelling. Precise Spelling: Tshsenstsesttse; vai: -tsistahe vai. be Cheyenne. -tsistahe. He (or She) is Cheyenne. This is Simplified Spelling. The more
difficult, but technically correct, spelling is -tshstahe. See: -tshstahe.
Tsitsistas vai. Cheyennes. See: -tshstahe; -tshesta. Precise Spelling: Tstshsthese. This is a popular,
simpler spelling for Tstshsthese. The spelling Tstshsthese is technically correct in the modern Cheyenne alphabet but very difficult to read. And it is often difficult for newspapers and other printing places to print. This word may be a pitch alteration of tstshestase 'those who are like this.'.
-the'kahe
vai. be young. -the'kahe. He is young. Non-contracted: -the'khahe. tssthe'kahto n'hkhethom'heohe. And when I was little I danced like that.
Naa
-the'khahe vai. young, younger. See: -ha'hahe; -mnahe. Contracted: -the'kahe. -the'khahe.
He is young. Ns'-the'khahe. You're still young. ts-the'khaestse the youngest/younger one. ts-the'khahese the younger ones. Reduplicated: -t'hahe.
-the'khosta vii. short in height. -the'khosta. It's short in height.Literally: short-hang. -the'khoht vti. look at s.t. up close. staosane-the'khoohtomvnse xane hesstse So then he
looked up close at the skunk's ass. (Croft 1988:16:26).
-the'khom vta. look at s.o. up close. See: -nmosan scrutinize. -the'khoomho. He looked
at him up close. h-the'khoomee'stse when it is looked at up close (Croft 1988:16:18).
-the'ke'hos vai. have a small penis. N='sto'senhtsevomsesto ts-the'ke'hostsese n=hetane

That man was going to look for (some)one that had a small penis. (Croft 1988:20:2). Medial: hos.
-the'ksees vai. have a small nose. -the'ksese He has a short nose. -the'ksena'va vai. short arms, short sleeved. -the'ksena'va. He has short arms ; (the shirt) is
short sleeved. BodyPartMedial: -na'v.
-the'kse'xhtse vai. have a small mouth. -the'kse'xhtse He has a small (slit) mouth.
-the'ksev'se vai. have a short tail. -the'ksev'se He has a short tail. -the'ksvs vai. have small horns. -the'ksvse He has small horn(s) (antlers). -the'kes
vii. short. -the'kso. It is short. Antonym: -tshe'es. See: -tshe'kes; the'kstahe; ha'es. nhe'sth.
-the'kstha vai. have a short heart. -the'ksthao'o They are short hearted (1987:146). See: -the'kstahe vai. short. -the'kstahe. He is short. Notes (Phonology) assim. from -tshe'kstahe Nonassimilated: -tshe'kstahe; Antonym: -tshe'stahe; Final: -'stahe. See: -ha'stahe.
-the'ksta' vai. have short hair. -the'kst'e He has short hair. -the'kstan vti. shorten s.t. -the'kstna. I shortened it. [pd707] -the'kstoest
vai. wear short dress. -the'kstosta. She's wearing a short dress (or skirt). See: hoesttse dress.
-the'ksthhtse vai. short strides, short tracks. -the'ksthhtse. He left short stride tracks. -the'kst'ohe vai. be short (of a tree). -the'kst'ohe. It (animate tree) is short. Medial: -'(e). -the'kstneehe vai. be short (of ropelike object). -the'kstneehe. He (stringlike, for example, a
rope or snake) is short.
-the'kstneo'e vii. short. -the'kstneo'e. It is short. See: -ha'stneo'e. -the'kstseha vii. lie short (for example, a story). See: -the'kstseme. -the'kstseha (sha) It
is a short story/it is lying short.
-the'kstsem vta. tell a short story to s.o. See: -ka'seme; -the'kstseha. -the'kstseme It (for
example, story) is told short. -te'kstseme hhta'heo'o the story is short.
-the'kotame vii. shallow. -the'kotame. It is shallow (water). the'k... these sequences can also be pronounced (more deliberately) as tshe'k... Notes (Phonology)
assim
the'e- pv. never. used with sa- 'negative' or ho'n- 'inferential negative'. often used for situations
where the time span "seems" like 'never', where, presumably, the length of time upon which the perception is based is socially determined. See: he'e-; nhe'e. Nsa-the'evomhe. I have never seen him. Nsa-the'evomatshe. I have never seen you. (can be said when the person hasn't been seen for a long time). Nsa'va-the'evomatshe. I have never seen you. naa mho'nhke-the'ehne'enomtse but we never did know it (1987:238). Nsathe'enstomne'tovatshe. I have never heard anything about you. mnsa'etshe'enstmne'the Haven't you ever heard about it? Nsa'e-tshe'hne'enhe Ee, I NEVER knew that. h'e to'ssa'va-the'ho'eohtshe Maybe he's never coming back.
th'e p. from this point, from now on. Th'e the'ksthao'o. Short, their hearts are that way.
(1987:146). [1987:94]Variant: tsh'e. See: nh'e.
-theekseotse vai. stick finger in. tave-theekseotshoo'o. He went and stuck his fingers in
it. [Croft 1988:30:24] See: kos-.
theeha vta. Say this to him! See: -thevaen. Notes (Phonology) non-impv stem is -tshet thehahtahttse ni. foot.Pl: thehahthtottse. Medial: -haht. -thehahtxe vai. how do something by feet. -thehahtxe. This is how he was going with his
feet. BodyPartMedial: -haht.
-thehahts
vti. light s.t. -thehhtse He lighted (lit) it (a match). Nv'-thehahtsentse thehaseontse! Don't light matches! vai. strike match (or matches). -thehasne. He's striking matches. See: ho'eme'on. 2 Match.
-thehasen
thehas'o ni. 1 match. for lighting a fire. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: thehaseontse.
-thehe'on
vai. hand appear this way. Mtaho tss-thehe'nse stoensesto. They hold the peyote (button) in their hand. [PEYOTE.TXT]
-thee'' vai. wiggle buns; shake buttocks. for example, as a rock star. -thee''e. He's
shaking his butt. BodyPartMedial: -'es.
-the'hahta'xe
vai. move legs like this. ma'xe-the'hahta'xe. He (for example, a baby) is moving his legs a lot like this. BodyPartMedial: -haht.
-thee'hoohe vai. fly there. Tsa'e ta-thee'hoohe? Where did he fly to? [1987:393] -the'tov vta. do this (something) to s.o. often seems to connote something negative, like putting a
curse on s.o. or maybe doing something sexual to him. See: -nhe'tov; -nhe'tohe; -thev; -ehom. -the'tovho He put a curse on him/he did something to him (sexual?).
-theema'en vti. roll s.t. this way. -theema'na. He rolled it this way. See: -theema'enen. -theema'enen
vai. roll cigarette this way. Theema'ennstse! Give me a cigarette!Variant: tsheema'enen.
theema'enenesttse ni. cigarette paper.Pl: theema'enenstottse. Variant: theema'eneo'o. theema'eneo'o ni. cigarette paper.Pl: theema'eneontse. Variant: theema'enenesttse. -theema'tov vta. send s.o. See: -ma'tov; -aseneenh(n). Nme'ta-theemantse nhhe ts'the
hetane. Let me send this man over there. (1987:186). Nsahne'enovhe tsa'e tssto'stheem't'se I don't know where he will send me. Ntao'se-theem'tne I was sent (e.g to represent the sender).Literally: this.way-give-s.o..
-theemohe vai. lean towards, lean this way. -theemohe. He leaned this way. See: -amemohe; mohe.
-then
vai. have something wrong with face; have a facial disease. ma'xe-thene. There's something wrong with his face. See: -tsheto'ev.
-thevaen vta. tell s.o. off; say things to s.o. Nma'xe-thevno. I told her off; I said things
to him. See: -theet.
-thetn vai. create like this; build like this. -thetne. This is how he made it. tsto'sev'ethetnevosstse things they are going to used (for example, in the Sun Dance). See: -oestn; -ma'henstn.
-thetshon vai. point over there; hitchhike. See: -ts'en. -thetshne He pointed over that
way/he's hitchhiking.
-theven vta. tell s.o. off. Nma'xe-thevno. I really told him off. -thev
vai. do this (new information in discourse). -theve He did this (action follows speaking).
tht'e p. this way to the side ?? naa hvhno tht'e ohkhose and just a little to the side hangs
(one star) (1987:312-13). See: nhst'e.
-tho'ketame vii. be shallow (of body of water). Antonym: -ho'etame, -tne'hotoo'e. -tho'ketame.
It (for example, river or lake) is shallow.Variant: -tsho'ketame; -the'kotame.
-t'kahe vai. flexible; persuaded easily. -t'khe. He is flexible / easily persuaded. -t'kho'he vai. softened. for example, after a sweat or after being roasted, or of a softened hide. t'kho'he. He's softened/limbered. vta: -t'kho'h(n).
-t'kho'h(n) vta. soften s.o. by roasting. -t'kho'hnho. He roasted him until he got soft/tender. t'khonoo'o
ni. powded meat.Variant: k'khonoo'o. Literally: shredded-baked. Notes (Phonology) assimilation of ts to t preceding /k/
-t'ka'o'ts vti. soften s.t. -t'ka''tse. He softened it. -t'kan vti. soften s.t. -t'kna. He softened it.
vta. 1 soften s.o. 2 soften s.o. romantically. for example, to try to get that person to be romantic with you. Usage: fig.. -t'kanho. He softened her up. See: -k'kan. Notes (Phonology) possibly palatized version of -k'kan
te- pv. now (epistemic?); at this point. difficult to translate. See: ne-; thee-; t'-; tae-. xxaetev'n'eameohtstotsneho hne That stuff (feces) just flowed out of him. (Croft 1988:18). e-thahanaevsesto He rubbed them. ta-testo''emhhne Run (pl) into the timber! (1980:6:30). te-anheto a little ways down the hill (1987:30). te-nxh'hma a little bit closer from that point. naa nht'-thoo'e but I was right there (and I saw it with my own
eyes) (1987:195).
-tkhtsen'
ahtsen.
vai. point lips. -tkhtsen'o. He protruded his lips to point. BodyPartMedial: -
tke- pv. stick out, protrude. -tk-hev'se. His tail is sticking up. Reduplicated: totke-. -tkhane''e
vai. hairs stick up on nape.Literally: protrude-nape-stand. -tkhane''e. The hairs are all sticking up on his nape (back on his neck). fai: -; BodyPartMedial: -hane'.
-tkhev's vai. tail stick up. -tkhev'se. His tail is up. BodyPartMedial: -hev's. tkhev'she na. busy going around person.Literally: stick.out-tail-one. -tkhev's'e
hev's. 2 be wild (esp. said of one's children). Usage: fig.. vai. 1 have tail up. -tkhev's'e. He has his tail up. BodyPartMedial: -
tke'- i. small. -tke'ahe vai. small. -tke'ahe. He's small.Variant: -tketa. Reduplicated: -ttke'ahe. -tke'ahtse vai. have a small mouth. -tke'htse. He has a small mouth. BodyPartMedial: -ahtsen. -tke'as vta. cut s.o. smaller. -tke'sho. He cut him smaller. Reduplicated: -ttke'as. -tke'as vai. have a small belly. -tke'se. He has a small belly. BodyPartMedial: -as2; Antonym: thpe'as.
-tke'some
vai. little poop, small bowel movement. -tke'some. He made a small turd. BodyPartMedial: -some. See: matse.
-tke'ax vti. cut s.t. smaller. N-tke'xa. I cut it smaller. Reduplicated: -ttke'ax. tke'e p. a little, little bit. Antonym: hahpe'e. See: hvhno. tke'(e)- i. pv. little, small. -tke'msehe. He's eating a little. See: tkse-; ma'xe-; he-. tke'eam'eneo'o ni. buggy. See: am'eneo'o.Literally: small-wagon. -tke'enoo'e
vii. shallow snow. -tke'enoo'e the snow is shallow. Notes (Phonology) not vs Antonym: -hahpe'enoo'e.
-tke'ees vai. have a small nose. -tke'ese. He has a small nose. Antonym: -thpe'ees. -tke'ema'eh vii. few pages, few pieces of paper. -tke'ema'ha. It (book) has a small number of
pages.
-tke'ematsn vai. squint eye. -tke'ematsne. He is squint eyed. Reduplicated: -ttke'ematsn. tke'emo'ko na. little finger. Usage: probably loan translation by Petter. See: tooxese. -tke'ene'ho't vii. be a small room. -tke'ene'h'ta. It's a small room. Medial: -ene'ho't. -tke'enohe vai. look small. -tke'enohe. He looks small. Tke'e'he'e na. Little Creek. See: 'he'e river. -tke'eotse vii. vai. small; narrow; become smaller. -tke'eotse It (or he) got smaller. See: -tke';
-tketa.
-tke'etanaha
tanah.
vai. have small breasts. -tke'etanaha. She has small breasts. BodyPartMedial: -
-tke'vnen vai. 1 make a quiet sound. -tke'vnne. He made a quiet sound.

2 fart quietly. Usage: euphemism. Antonym: -thpe'vanen.
-tke'vhan vai. drum softly. -tke'vhne. He drummed softly. Antonym: -thpe'vhan.
-tke'vone vii. soft sound; sound softly; sound quietly. -tke'vone. It's a soft sound. Antonym: thpe'vone.
Tke'he'konnehe Tke'hohtsee'he
na. February. See: Ma'xhe'konnehe.
one
name
which
has
been
used
for
February.
na. Little Hoop Moon, February. See: He'konenhesee'he; Ma'xhohtsee'he. ho'etame; -hne't.
possible alternative month name.
-tke'hne't vii. be piled shallow. -tke'hn'ta. It (for example, sand pile) is shallow. See: Tke'kseo'h'e ni. Little Bighorn River.Variant: possibly also Ma'xekseo'h'kso. Tke'mhove'ho'no ni. Forsythe, Montana.Literally: small town. Tke'ma'heneeva ni. Saturday. See: Ma'heneeva.Literally: little holy day. -tke' vii. small, little. -tk'o. It's small. vai: -tketa; Reduplicated: -ttke'; Particle: tke'e;
Antonym: -thpe'.
-tke'o'en
vii. filled a little. -tke'o'ennstse. They (inan.) are filled a little. See: 'otmo'en full.
-tke'nov vai. talk quietly, quietly talk. -tke'nva. He's talking quietly. -tke'omoeh vii. small body of water; pond; puddle. -tke'omoha. It lies as a small body of
water/it is a pond (or puddle). ts-tke'omoha pond/puddle (lit. that which lies as a small body of water). Final: -eh. See: -mhomoeh.
-tke'va vii. vai. shrink.Literally: small by water. -tke'va. It shrunk from washing. Final: -ov. -tke'ovotse
vai. vii. shrink. -tke'ovotse. It has shrunk.Literally: little-by.liquid-become. Medial: -ov.
Tke'vo'hne na. Robe Too Small. -tke'e vai. vii. stick out. -tke'e. It's sticking out. stsa'va-tkeehanhetsneho he'ahtse.
His arm was no longer sticking out. Final: -.
[1987:267]
Notes (Phonology) vs Reduplicated: -totke'e;
tkse- pv. small. -tkse-manstne. He makes things small. See: tke'(e)-. -tkstatamon
vai. Usage: humorous.
shoulders protrude.
-tkstatamna.
His shoulders stick out.
-tkstn vai. make things small. -tkstne. He made things small. See: -manstn. -tksts'e vai. hair stick out. -tksts'e. His hair is sticking out. -tkstsao'o. Their hair is
sticking out. Notes (Phonology) vs BodyPartMedial: -hts.
-tksts'e vai. hair stick out. -tksts'e. His hair is sticking out. -tketa
vai. small, little. -tketa. He's small.Variant: -tke'ahe. vii: -tke'. See: -thketa. Antonym: -thpet.
Tkethe na. Small. See: Keta'e. tkoest vai. wear a frilly dress.Literally: stick.out-dress. -tksta. She's wearing a frilly dress. -tko'tonohe
vai. braid stick out. -tko'tonohe. His braid is sticking out. Reduplicated: totko'tonohe. tkomhnstse They (inan.) are few in number.
-tkomoha vii. be few (inan.) in number. not used with sg. subjects. See: -hesth; -thkomh. -tkomoxe
vai. few. not used with sg. subjects. -tkomxeo'o. They (an.) are few in number.Variant: -thkomoxe. Antonym: -hestoxe.
-tkonen vai. protruding teeth. -tkonne. He has protruding teeth. BodyPartMedial: -onen. -tkovs'e vai. hair stick up, hair protrude. -tkovs'e. His hair is sticking up.
V-v
-va sfx. obviative suffix for nouns. ma'hene-va God (an alternate obviative to ma'heono). Ma'mha'eva
Red Woman (1987:245). This suffix can appear in combination with the more usual -ho obviative suffix, for example: Jesusevaho Jesus.
-v sfx. oblique (locative and instrumental) suffix. mon-va (cf. meo'o; mne) on the road. khamxhva (cf. khmxe) with the stick. mhen-va (cf. mh'o; mhene) on the house. naa mhnno'thehhe amemohst-va and she was the best one at running (1987:245). vovstomohe hahpen'st-va. She was taught sewing. See: /-/.
-va'es
vai. expert; for example, be especially good at beading. -va'se. He's an expert. A: Nohkeoxa'henehe? B: He va'se! A: Do you bead? B: Oh, (I'm an) expert! vti: -va't; vta: va'tov.
-va't vti. pay attention only to s.t. N-v'ta. I pay attention only to it. Nohke-v'ta ame. I pay
attention only to pemmican (that's all I'm eating, I like it so much). vta: -va'tov; vai: -va'es. See: -hohamtsest; -he'aht.
-va'tov
vta. pay attention only to s.o. N-v'tvo. I pay attention only to him. vti: -va't. See: hohamtam. fta. am-evenho. He quickly passed him (for example, on the road). Nahk'e-vno I pushed him by hand and he rolled/fig. I 'rolled' him (for his money). N'kotse-vena. He hugged me. o'xeee-venho. He slashed him.Variant: -ven. See: -oese; -oest.
-ven fti. quickly. hese-vna. He snatched/grabbed it. (cf. -hestan).
-vhka'hahts vai. yank s.t., jerk s.t. -vhka'hhtse. He yanked it. Reduplicated: -vvhka'hahts. Vhkts'e na. Little Noisy Walking Woman. derived from Amvhts'e. Simplified Spelling: waotsif,
waotsifa.
vhktsva na. Non-diminutive: vtsva.little deer.Pl: vhkotsevhne. Obviative: vhkotsevhne. vhkotsevhso

na. fawn. doubly Obviative: vhkotsevhesono.
marked
as
diminutive.Pl: vhkotsevhesono.
-vahpe vai. greedy. for example, of someone who kills all the game and doesn't share it with others. vhpe. He became greedy. Usage: obsolescing. See: oethome- ??; nheta'e.
vhpe- pv. until the end; regardless; reluctantly. N-vhpeovhnheho. I took care of him until the end.
See: a'ene-.
-vhpe'tov vta. make s.o. have enough. -vhpe'tovho He makes him have enough. N-vhpe'tne
He makes us have enough.
-vht fti. persuade; urge; cause to by speaking. t'h-vhta. He stopped it by persuasion. fta: -vm. vhtomepv. anyway, nevertheless. Nh-vhtomevtamemeno! Have pity on us anyway! oha hvhtomevaameohtssesto They just nevertheless came on (1987:37:27). See: knome-; v'eveto.
vhtometo p. nevertheless, still, even so. oha vhtometo taohkemanstove but nevertheless there is
always drinking (1987:60).
-v'kohe vai. bobtailed. for example, of a dog or horse.Variant: -v'ohe. -v'kohe. He is bobtailed. v'khse na. prairie chicken.Variant: v'hso; v'khso. Pl: v'khaseo'o. Obviative: v'khasho. v'khso na. prairie chicken, pheasant.Pl: v'khaseo'o. Obviative: v'khasho.Variant: v'khse;
v'hso. See: mo'htvenva'hso.
-v'kh'ham vai. have a bobtailed horse. -v'kh'hme He has a bobtailed horse. V'kh'hamhe Bobtailed Horse. V'khso na. Little Bobtail.
v'ne-
pv. just, merely, only. N-v'nee'amhne. I'm just taking a walk. ohke-v'nenhesmaneo'o They just act that way (for example, that they like you). -v'nenhevoo'o. He just said that/he 'broke his promise'. contrast -nhevoo'o naa tsenheve (??) 'he said it and he will do it'. v'nhhta'heontse regular stories (1987:170). N-v'netona. I'm just holding it. (can refer to being
having to urinate so badly you feel about to pop).
v'nenhesmanhe
na. hypocrite. Usage: neologism Habeggar.Literally: just-pretend-one.
coined
by
missionary
Rev.
v'hse na. prairie chicken.Variant: v'khse; v'khso. -v'hasvhom'heohe vai. do the prairie chicken dance. N'hke-v'hasvhom'heohe I danced
the prairie chicken dance (1987:177). Usage: probably a neologism coined on the spot by a Cheyenne, but can be understood by others clearly.
v'hso na. pheasant.Variant: v'khso. See: mo'htvenva'hso. v'oht- i. complete. See: v'se-; x-; m't-; m'se-. N-v'htna I completed it by hand. v'htma p. place-of-honor, welcome. This refers to the place-of-honor in a tepee opposite the door;
some people use it today to welcome someone. See: 'hma; hesxe.
-v'htamoo'e vai. sit in the place-of-honor. See: -ameotseh; -vovehn. -v'htamoo'e ?[ He is sitting
in the place of honor. Notes (Phonology) vs
-v'htostne vai. complete school to the maximum. -v'htostne. He completed school to the
maximum. typically refers to completing the highest level of education possible, such as graduating from college. See: -hostn.
-v'hto'etahe vai. accomplish. See: -xo'etahe. -v'hto'etahe He accomplished (something). [PD7] v'os- i. complete. See: v'oht-. -v'semho He fulfilled him by speaking ?? v'sepv. complete, fulfilled. v's-he'ama p ??. top; the very top. v's-he'amo'om'e ? heaven (the very top sphere). -v'sem
vta. complete s.o. by speaking ?? -v'semho. He completed (or fulfilled) him by speaking ??
-v'senne vai. complete singing. -v'senne. He sang the last song. -v'vanohe vta. fanned (out). esp. in baseball. Usage: probably loan transl.. -v'vanohe. He got fanned
out.
v'vanheo'o
ni. fan. Notes (Phonology) redup; vs Non-reduplicated: Vnh'o. Etymology: cf. O wewese'igan. See: tootmh'o.Pl: v'vanheontse. vta: -v'vanoh(n). 2 strike out s.o. -v'vanhnho. He fanned him (for example, struck him out in baseball). Usage: loan transl..
-v'vanoh(n) vta. 1 fan s.o. See: -v'vanohe. N-v'vanhestse. I fanned myself.
-v'vans'ham vta. fan the belly of s.o. -v'vans'hamho. He fanned his belly. Nstama'xhev'vans'hamtse. (If you don't behave) I'll throw you out and fan your belly. (a threat). Usage: humorous.
-v'vans' vai. throw up hands and give up. -v'vans'o. He threw up his hands and gave up. -vm fta. urge. See: -em. Name-vmo I urged him to keep going. he'amevmho ?[ He 'raised' him by
talk/he urged him higher. nontov-vmho He made him hurry/he urged him to be fast. o'ha-vamo He warned him (lit. careful-urged). fti: -vht.
Vnhso na. Little Sage Standing. Vnhoeve na. Standing Sage. Vnh'o na. Sage Woman. -vno'eno'e vai. taste of sage. -vno'eno'e It tastes of sage (for example, antelope meat). -vno'ma'h vii. smell of sage, sage smell. -vno'm'ha. It smells of sage. -vno'mea'xe vai. smell of sage, sage smell. -vno'mea'xe. He smells of sage. fai: -ma'xe.
Vno'emn'e na. Sagebrush Trail Woman. vn'stse ni. sage brush. Locative: vno'va. There are names for a number of different varieties of plants
which are considered by Cheyennes to be various kinds of sage, for example: hetanvn'stse 'man sage'; he'vn'stse 'woman sage'; mo'htevn'stse 'black sage'; xamaevn'stse 'native sage'; v'hkevn'stse 'bitter sage.'. This is usually pronounced as a grammatical plural because it is
regarded as plants, just as Cheyenne 'grass' is usually plural.
Vno'tane na. Northern Arapaho person.Literally: sage-person. Pl: Vno'taneo'o. vno'va loc. sagebrush area. Vn'ke na. Little Sage. -vohe vai. vti. throw. -vohe. He threw (it). Ntase-vohema! Let's play basketball! (lit. into-throw).
vohesttse slingshot. See: -a'ham; -a'hahts; -a'hasen.
vohesttse ni. weapon, slingshot. Seems to have referred primarily to a traditional slingshot, the kind
with cords, which is whirled. Semantically extended to other weapons. ne-vohstovevtse your (pl) weapons (1980:6:12). See: hekvaneo'o; tamh'o.
vtsva na. Diminutive: vhktsva.deer.Pl: votsevhne. AltPl = votsevhno Obviative: votsevhne. votsevheho'eve (eeve?) na. deer hide. part of Sun Dance equipment. votsevhe-ho'vohktse ni. deer meat. votsevhe-kse'he na. deer that has turned into a young woman. deer are said to have special
powers, one of which is the ability to turn into young women that can lure men; they can also turn into young men. 'seohtshaesesto votsevhe-kse'eheho the deer-woman led/lured him away.
-votsevhe-kse'ehheve
vai. be unsettled.Literally: be a deer young=woman. this figurative expression refers to the rapidity with which a deer takes off. -votsevhe-kse'ehheve She is unsettled. Final: /-ve/.
votsevhe-ksovhe na. deer that has turned into a young man. votsevhso na. little deer. -votsevheveotse vai. turn into a deer. sts'hove-votsevheveotshoono They suddenly turned into
deer (VISION.TXT).
Votsevo'h'e ni. Deer Creek. located about 25 miles east of Fort Reno in Oklahoma. -vsem na. younger sibling (noun stem). tshe-vsemto the one who is my younger sibling. tshevsemstovstse the one who is younger sibling. he-vsemo his younger sibling. vai: -he-vseme.
-vsm vta. kiss s.o. -vsmho. He kissed her.Variant: -msm; -vsm. Vtano
ni. Washington, D.C. Usage: phonetic (partial-word) borrowing from English, probably with Ch. place final -en. See: -ho'oohe. ts-vtaevoemstse the President (lit. the one who is Washington valued).
-vtaevoeme vai. Washington, D.C., valued. that is, be President. -vtaevoeme He is President. -vvaahe vai. swing. -vvaahe He is swinging. Etymology: cf. M wae:wepesow. Nth-vavaahmne!
Let's go swing!
vvaahesttse ni. swing play. -vvaa'hahts vti. swing s.t. -vvaa'hhtse He's swinging it. -vvaeohts vai. walk with a swinging gait. -vvaehtse He's walking with a swinging gait. -vvhka'ham vta. shake s.o. -vvhka'hamho. He shook him up. -vvhka'xe vai. jerk. ma'xease-vvhka'xe He really jerked away (for example, when angry at s.o.).
Final: -a'xe.
-vvhkeoesta'ham vta. shake s.o. -vvhkeoesta'hamho He shook him. nsta-vvhkeoesta'hamtse

I'll shake you up. (sounds humorous). Nh-vvhkeoesta'hamaehhe ma'heo'o God shook me up (1987:196).
-vvhkeoesta'xe
vai. stir; jerk. oha no'ka stxaeteev'ne-vvhkeoesta'xhoo'o He only stirred once (surp.). (1987:271).
-vvanehe vai. be cranky. See: -msthano'xe. -vvanehe He is cranky. -vvasem vta. rock s.o. to sleep. -vvaesemho. She rocked him to sleep. Vvaesemeha! Rock
him to sleep! See: -vvaahe; -vvaestovohe.
-vvaestovohe vai. rock baby to sleep, lull. -vvaestovohe. She's rocking her baby to sleep. fai: vohe; fta: -vvaesem.
vav'ktse p. surely, Be sure! ?? LF: The way it is, the way things are. -vx'e vai. dress formally. See: -'sne. -vx'e. He dressed formally (for example, dressed in a war
bonnet or for a special dance). Notes (Phonology) vs vta: -vxen.
-vxen vta. dress s.o. formally. xhse-vxenhoono hestse'emo He again got his wife all dressed up
fancy. [The Rolling Head (1980:53:11)]
-ve
fai. fii. be; equative. used in frames such as 'he is a man' -hetaneve. used perhaps even more
naturally in certain attributive constructions, for example, -hesta'seve 'it's snowy'; -ma'eve 'it's bloody'; -hee'keve 'it's dirty'. 'e-ve He is a duck. alternate analysis for preceding '-eve: where noun stems appearing to end in /e/ instead have that /e/ as the initial vowel of the equative final; it may be that historically the final was /-ve/ but so many Cheyenne singular nouns ended with /e/ prompting native speaker reanalysis of the final to /-ve/ alone. See: /-ve/. 'khomhe-ve He is a coyote. ho'vhkotse-ve It is meat. men-veo'o They (an.) are feathers.
-vm vta. sleep with s.o. It is said that this traditionally did not refer to sexual intimacy, but can today,
perhaps due to influence from English. -vamo. He slept with him. -vmho. (younger speakers). N-vmo. I slept with him. -vamhtssesto. It is said they were sleeping together (for example, caught making love). Etymology: *newiihpe:ma:wa I sleep with him..
-vmtan'tov vta. want to sleep with s.o. hetaneo'o tsohke-vamatan'tovhtsese homosexuals (lit.
men who want to sleep with each other). See: -vm.
-veamhn vai. be a good guesser in handgame. -veamhne. He's a good guesser/he found them
every time. fai: -ohn. See: -amhn; -ov; -nshov.
ve'e
ni. dwelling; tepee; tent; lodge. Notes (Phonology) apoc; vs English 'wigwam' < PA
*wiigiwamikwi ??, from which Cheyenne would have 2 reflexes, the separate words vee'e and ome. he-venvevho their lodges (an.; 1987:18).Pl: ventse. Locative: vno; vai: -vee'e. See: xamaevee'e; vehke; -ome; v'ho'ome. Etymology: *wiiki.
-vee'e vai. camp. -vee'e. He camped. -veo'o. They camped. tsh-vvtse where we were camping.
Notes (Phonology) vs IndepNoun: vee'e. Etymology: *wiikiwa. See: -eehe.
ve'se ni. tooth.Pl: vestse. BodyPartMedial: -onen; fti: -ht; fta: -m. Etymology: *wiipitali his teeth.
See: -vesan; ne'to'se; Heve'se; -he-vese. Notes (Phonology) apoc; vs
-vem vta. ask for s.o. -vemho. He asked for him. vti: -vestan. See: -vestomev. vno loc. in the tepee. mstastshnhevhe vno They went into the tepee. (1987:269). veno'e'e ni. reed. See: vesev'e. -vennan vai. make tepees. -vennne He makes tepees. venva obl. in the tepee. See: vee'e. vesheseotsve'ho'e na. dentist.Literally: teeth-medicine-ve'ho'e. See: p'onen'hasenhe. vesenaa've'ho'e na. dentist.Literally: teeth-doctoring-ve'ho'e. vesev'e ni. reed.Literally: tooth-weed. Pl: vesev'stse. So. Ch's used these for windbreaks; they have
sharp-edged blades.
-vest vti. ask for s.t. See: -vestan. -vsta. He asked for it. Eh'ta neventse ts-vestomo. Your
tepee is there that you wished for. (1987:260). vta: -vem.
vsta ni. temple (of head). na-vsta my temple. [PD; Smith]
-vest mbp. temple (of head). -nevesthtse He has pain in the temple. -pevestxe He fell
and hit his temple.
vst'e obl. temple (of head). na-vst'e on my temple(s). See: vesta. -vestan vti. ask for s.t., request s.t. This is asking for in the sense of requesting. -vestna. He asked
for it. vta. ask for s.o., request s.o. -vestanho. He asked for him. See: -vem; -vest; -nhtsest; nhtsstov ask s.o.; -nhtsem.
-vestomev vta. ask for something from s.o., request (something) from s.o. This verb has a different
meaning from -nhtsstov which means 'to question s.o.', but some speakers sometimes use -nhtsstov to cover both meanings. -vestomevho. He asked for (something) from him. Ntav'nevestomevatsentse mhtohto? May I borrow $10 from you? Ma'heo'o n-vestomevtse. God, I ask you for (it). N-vestomoo'e. He asked me for it. See: -vstomev; -nhtsstov. vai: vestomo'he.
-vestomo'he vai. request, ask for. -vestomo'he. He asked for (something). Nhehpe-vestomo'he. I
asked for more than allowed (or that I intended to ask for). Naa nhhe tsstho'eohtsvse m'vane-vestom'hehevhe. And when they got over there they made that request. (1987:39). Nv'e-vestomo'he tsxhesto'to. I asked (for a loan) using my land (as collateral). [1987:233] vta: -vestomev. See: -ve'tomo'he.
-vestom'hevomotah
you.
vta. request for s.o., ask for on behalf of s.o. vavestom'hevomothahtsstove Ma'heo'o You (reflexive impersonal) must ask God to forgive
-vestomsne vai. ask of people. -vestomsne. He asked (for something) from people. -vestove vii. be camping. ts'hke-vestove campground (lit. where-regularly-camp). vai: -vee'e. -veestvohe fai. rear child. -nsta'omeveestvohe. He brought up (raised) children in the old way. v'ho'-veestvheo'o. They raise children the white way. See: -v'ho'veestvohe.
-vh
vta. call s.o. by name. -veho. He called him by name.Variant: -vhho. (younger speakers). Ntne-vhe? What is your name? (lit. How are you called?). N-vhoo'o. I mentioned them. -veho v'ho'otoa'o. He promised a beef. Nvso tsno'evheto? Who are you named for? tne-vhto? What is its (for example, a city) name? Reduplicated: -vovh. See: -oesevh; vho't; -vovho't. Etymology: *wiinle:wa.
-vhne fna. personifier. Hoo'khvhne Rain. He'hav-hne Cold. See: -h agentivizer. -vh fai. named. Ntne-vhe? What is your name? (lit., how are you named?). phve-vhe. He has
a good name.
vhesttse ni. Oblique: vhstva.name. -vhestxe'en'tov vta. write name for s.o.; sign for s.o. for example, when you sign as guardian for
a child or handicapped person. N-he-vhestxe'enantse. I signed for him. See: -mxe'stn.
-vht vii. how named, how called. tne-vhto? What is its (for example, a city) name? fai: -vh. vehke vho
ni. dwelling; tepee (dim.). vhkentse dwellings/tepees. Non-diminutive: vee'e. Usage: probably
rare.
na. chief.Pl: vhoo'o. Possessive: -vhoname. rare as sg. but extant; tsvhonevstse probably more common for sg. There were various kinds of Cheyenne chiefs. Some especially counseled peace
and cautioned warriors not to be too quick to go to battle. Some exhorted their people with teachings which are still remembered today, such as, Phve'tovahtse! 'Be good to one another!,' Mhotahtse! 'Love each other!' vananvahtse! 'Recognize each other again (that is, be reconciled to each other)!' and vaa'xaotahtse! 'Shake hands with each other again (a sign of reconciliation)!'.
Vheso na. Littlechief. This name is the origin of the current family name King. -vho' vai. sing words. -vh'e. He put words in the song. ohke-vho'nove. (This song) has words.
(1987:300). vta: -vho't. See: -vho'san.
-vho'san vai. sing songs with words for people. ohke-vho'saneo'o. They sing songs with words
for people. See: -vho'.
-vho't vta. call s.o. by name, praise s.o. -vho'oto. He called him by name. "Nto'se-vho'ottse,"
nxhto. "Nto'se-vovhnheevho'ottse." "I'm gonna praise you in song," I told (God). "I'm gonna praise you in song." (1987:156). hee-vho'oto Ma'heneva that's how she praised God (1987:168). See: -vh; -vovh. Reduplicated: -vovho't.
vhon- i. chief; main; best; prominent; noble. -vhontamno'e. It (for example, heaven) is a beautiful
place. See: vhone-; veho.
Vhn'e na. 1 queen. Cheyennes have not had queens, but "queen" is a reasonable translation of this
Cheyenne word.Literally: chief-woman. Pl: vhona'eo'o.
2
Chief Woman.
-vhona'eve vai. be a queen. -vhona'eveo'o. They are queens. Notes (Phonology) hpo -vhoname na. chief (poss.). na-vhoname my chief. IndepNoun: vho. -vhonaov vta. make s.o. boss. -vhonaovho. He made him boss. See: -hna'ovevhonaov. -vhontamaahe vai. look like a chief. -vhontamaahe He looks like a chief. -vhontamno'e
vii. beautiful place (situation, etc.). -vhontamno'e. It is a beautiful (place).Literally: chief-environment. This is said of heaven. Notes (Phonology) iah
vhone- pv. chief; main; best; prominent; noble. See: nno'se-. vhonema'kaata gold (lit. chief-metal). vhonhomshe na. chief cook; head cook.Variant: ts-vhonhomosstse. vhoneka'kne na. chief child. The child of a chief. vhoneka'kneho and ma'heneka'kneho were
traditionally treated in a special way. Often they were not expected to do work as other children were. See: ma'heneka'kne.
vhonemh'o ni. chief's house. vhonema'kaata

ni. gold.Literally: chief-metal. perhaps only refers to gold coins, with the vhone"chief" modifier referring to the Indian chief head which has appeared on some old gold coins. See: hevema'kaata. ni. Variant: vhonema'kaatavhkha'e.
vhonema'kaataehhkha'e vhonema'kaatavhkha'e
crown.
See: nma'o'hkha'e.Literally: gold-hat.
ni. crown. Usage: this entry may be more credible vhonema'kaataehhkha'e.Literally: gold-hat. Variant: vhonema'kaataehhkha'e.
than
vhonemata na. chief peyote button. This button sits where the "moon" is in a peyote meeting, right in
front of the "chief".Pl: vhonemtaho. See: mata.
vhonmatanave'ho'e na. police chief; sheriff.Literally: chief-policeman. Vhonem'hnstse na. Chief Appearing. Vhonem'k'e Mexican Chief. vhoneme'ko na. tribal council chairman.Literally: chief-head. vhonem'kon'e na. tribal council chairwoman. vhonem'kono na. tribal council. Vhonemnhtsstse Chief Young Wolf. Vhonena'han'e na. Chief Kills Woman. vhonenoo'tse ni. chief song. a special class of song.Pl: vhonenoottse. Vhonentxeo'o Chief Soldiers. Probably corresponds to name of vhoo'e for a society. See: vhoo'o
(vhoo'e ?).
Vhoneo'h'e ni. Chief River. the north fork of the Republican River. vhoneome ni. chief's lodge. Vhons'hasne na. Chief Sopping. -vhoneve vai. be a chief; be a boss. -vhoneve. He is a chief/boss. ts-vhonevstse the one who is
chief (1987:205). ts-vhonevese the bosses. tstshse-vehonevese Cheyenne bosses. na: vho.
-vhonvtan vai. want to be boss. -vhonvtno. He wants to be the boss. vhonevhom'hesttse ?? ni. chiefs' dance. fai: -ohom'he. -vhonoem
vta. regard s.o. as a chief in=. See: -vovoem; -hna'ovoem. -vhonoemho He regards (values) him as chief. ts-vhonoemese officials (lit. those who are valued as chiefs (leaders)). ts-vhonoemvose their own chiefs (1987:14). -vhonoeme He is in charge.
-vhonostomo'he vai. have a chief's personality. -vhonostomo'he. He has a chief's character. for
instance, kind, sharing.
-vhono'etahe vai. do something in a chiefly way. -vhono'etahe. He did something in a chiefly

way.
vhono'emanesttse
ni. chiefly government; vhono'emanesttse Gods' kingdom.
kingdom.
See: ho'emanesttse.
ma'heo'o
he-
-vhonoo'e vai. sit as chief; reign. -vhonoo'e. He sits as chief. Notes (Phonology) vs Final: -oe/. -vhonotse'ohe vai. be king. -vhonotse'ohe He is a king.Literally: chief-work. vhonxe'stnhe na. chief clerk. vhoo'o na. chiefs. common noun and name of one of the societies. Singular: vho. vhp- i. empty; hole; hollow; concave. Etymology: *wiimp-. -vhpahe
vai. be hollow. Mh-vhphehhe nhe ma'xhoohtsstse. That big tree (log) was hollow. (1987:248).
-vhpho'he vai. cooked hollow. -vhpho'he. He was cooked until he got hollow. Vhphoo'tse 1 ni. hollow wood. vhphoottse hollow pieces of wood.
2 na. Hollow Wood.
-vhpa'xan vai. cry until hoarse, cry until no more tears.Literally: hollow-cry. -vhpa'xne. She used
up all her tears (from crying).
-vhpa'xe vai. empty. -vhpa'xe. He is emptying. for instance, of a bag (animate) that is emptying
itself. fai: -a'xe.
-vhpan vti. empty s.t., hollow s.t. -vhpna. He emptied it out ; he hollowed it out.
vta. empty s.o., hollow s.o. -vhpanho. He hollowed him by hand.
-vhpanae'ov
vta. lighten something for; alleviate s.o. -vhpanae'ovho. He alleviated him/he lightened his load. ??
vhpanaema'kaata ni. aluminum.Literally: light-metal. -vhpanaemhtahe

alleviated. ??
vai. feel light. -vhpanaemhtahe. He feels light/he feels good/he feels
vhpanavetohko ni. aluminum pail. Usage: probably a neologism.Literally: light-container. -vhpananeta -vhpanan
vai. light. in weight. -vhpananeta. He is light (in weight). vii: -vhpanan. See: v'net; -vhp. vii. light. in weight. -vhpanno. It's light (in weight). vai: -vhpananeta. See: v'nto light (of the environment); -vhpo light (in color).
-vhpanao'xe vai. carry a light load. such as when carrying game that is light in weight. -vhpanao'xe.
He carried a light load. Antonym: -hanao'xe.
-vhpanao'xotse
vai. carry a light load. -vhpanao'xotse. He's carrying a light load. Antonym: hanao'xotse. ni. white bread. that is, white yeast bread.Literally: hollow-belly-bread. BodyPartMedial: -as2. See: khkonheo'o.
vhpskhkonh'o
vhpe- pv. empty; hole; concave. hmhe-vhpene'ho'tnse Everything was empty. [JOURNEY.TXT] -vhpeh vii. empty.Literally: empty-lie. -vhpha. It is empty. vti: -vhphahts; Synonym: -vhpo'en;
Final: -eh.
-vhphahts vti. empty s.t. -vhphhtse He emptied it.Literally: empty-lie.cause-it. Final: -ehahts.
-vhpe'es
vai. have an anus. Nhe'e eno'hsemme-vhpe'shoo'o! Now you even have a big asshole! (Croft 1988:28:15). Final: -'es. Usage: vulgar.Literally: concave-arse.
-vhpe'est vai. have a hole in the ear. -vhpe'sta He has a hole in his ear. Reduplicated: -vovhpe'est. -vhpe'hahe vai. have a deep, low voice. for example, a teenaged boy undergoing voice change of
puberty. -vhpe'hahe. He has a low voice. Antonym: -kse'hahe; BodyPartMedial: -e'hahe.
-vhpe'eme vai. make a hollow sound. -vhpe'eme. He made a hollow sound. fai: -'eme. -vhpene'ho't vii. be vacant; empty (of a room). -vhpene'h'ta. The space (room, house, etc.) is
empty. tsoh-vhpene'h'ta (the cabin) was vacant. [1987:30] Final: -ene'ho't.
-vhpeoen vta. skin s.o. as a taxidermist. -vhpeoenho. He "empty-skinned" him (for example, as a
taxidermist skinning out a muskrat, leaving the body form of the animal intact; fig. = he (child) exactly resembles him (his parent)). M'hke-vhpeoenhevhe. They would do taxidermy on (the animals). [1987:186]
-vhpeoene vai. do taxidermy. -vhpeoene. He did taxidermy. [1987:186]Literally: hollow-skin. -vhpeoeven vta. skin s.o. -vhpeoevenho. He skinned him. See: -oen. -vhpeome't vii. be vacant (of a dwelling). -vhpeom'ta It (for example, house) is vacant. -vhps' vai. without pants.Literally: empty-crotch ??. especially refers to not having any clothing
covering the private parts; term is socially crude; typically said of a woman; used as a play on words with -vhps'mto 'it is a clear space'. -vhps'e He/she is without pants. BodyPartMedial: -s'. See: -vvo'kahe.
-vhpee vai. lie hollow, lie empty. for example, of an empty melon lying on the ground. -vhpe.
He's lying empty.
-vhpevone vii. sound hollow, hollow sound. -vhpevone. It sounds hollow. -vhp vii. be hollow. -vhpo. It's hollow. See: -vhpeh. -vhpoh
vti. hollow s.t. by tool. -vhpha. He hollowed it out (with a tool). *wiimpahamwa.
[pd551]
Etymology:
-vhpoh(n) vta. hollow s.o. by tool. -vhphnho He hollowed him out (with a tool). -vhpo'en
vii. empty. of a container. -vhpo'na. It's empty. Synonym: -vhpeh; Antonym: 'otmo'en.
-vhpo'sotse vii. empty. -vhpo'sotse It's emptied (for example, a woman's belly after childbirth). -vhps'mt vii. clear space. esp. in the brush or under bushes. -vhps'mto It is a clear space
(for example, under plum bushes). [1988:288] See: -vhps'.
vhpottse ts'hkhohtvhtove vii. flower shop.Literally: where flowers are sold. Usage: neologism.
See: -hohtv.
vhptse
ni. leaf; flower. primarily means 'leaf' but is sometimes extended to mean 'flower.'.Pl: vhpottse.
Vhpotsee ni. Palm Sunday.Literally: leaf-day. Variant: Vhpotsma'heneee. Vhpotsee'he na. Leaf Moon, May. possible alternative month name; may have covered part of
April also. See: Matse'omee'he.
vhpotshohpe ni. tea. See: mo'khtvhohpe.Literally: leaf-broth. Vhpotsma'heneee ni. Palm Sunday.Literally: leaf-holy-day. Variant: Vhpotsee. -vhpotseve vai. vii. be in leaf. e-vhpotsveo'o They (trees) already have leaves. -vhpotsvoest vai. wear a flowered dress. -vhpotsvsta. She's wearing a floral dress. -vhpotsvhtheve vai. vii. have a flower design. -vhpotsvhthvnstse. They (inan.) have a
flower design. Hoesttse -vhpotsvhtheve. The dress (an.) has a floral pattern.
-vhpotsvoneane
vii. have a flower design of long bead strands. -vhpotsvoneannstse They (Crow moccasins) have flower designs of long bead strands.
-vhpox vti. hollow out s.t. by cutting. naa mt=hva hov'he mhnhetaa'-vhpxhhe 'xno and
also that hole was big enough for whatever he had where he dug out in the cliff (1987:287).
vhpxe'stoo'o ni. box.Literally: empty/hollow-paper. See: mxe'stoo'o. v'-1

pv. conditional conjunct preverb. Notes (Phonology) final /e/ is added preceding a vowel sav'nheem'totse'hstse if he had not finished working (1987:199). Notes (Phonology) takes morpheme-final /e/ when followed by a vowel We label this a conditional preverb, but its range of
meaning appears broader than that of a prototypical conditional morpheme. There is an element of conditionality or dependency in each use of this preverb, however. It apparently has a slightly different meaning from the hse- causal preverb, even when v'(e)- is used with causal type meanings. (??). often used with preceding /mah-/ conjunct prefix in conditionals with "real" modality: Nto'semohotse'ohe ma'ta-v'phvatamno'e (or manh-v'phvatamno'e) I'm going to work tomorrow if it's a nice day. ohksa'vhne'enhehane tsvhevstove hemaa'e hta-v'hestanee'stse you don't know what you are doing, too much if you take it (drink) (1987:56). in counterfactual conditional sentences v'(e)- occurs in the protasis and the preverb me'- in the apodosis: tsh-v'nevtsstaese because he is caring. Nme'novetno v'hoo'kho I would be sad if it rained. htsetseha v's'eametannstse ho'noxhaestse na'nhthn'e hhthnshtoha me'nhestheanma Now if Jim One Bear (Brave Wolf) were still living, he would be 87 years old (1987:32). oha ta'se hp'e v'-phveeevetse me'nheha'ho'htseo'o but had it been a good day they would have gone further (1987:42). oha eho v'hho'enhevato nme'nheenha'enemeno only if you use your father for bait, that's the only way you're going to catch us (1987:314). v'-sanhto if I had not been standing. naa tsh-v'hohetonto hnhhe mhnxxaev'neteo'omesevonhnhevhe vxva but because it was so cold there they had to crawl inside those caves (1987:42-43). m'vhsemo'tanhevhe ts't=tssta-v'vonanevse hva xhsenhetanohtshevhe (the Siouxs) wanted to fight because of these (Cheyennes?) that had been killed, that's probably the reason they thought that way (1987:44). staosee=ta'se=havsvetanotshoo'o ts't=kse'ehe hehme tsssa-v'ho'v'hahtshetsse like, this young lady really felt bad because her husband did not come (1987:58). See: mhv'-; hv'-; hse-; hom'xe-; v'e-.
v'-2 pv. don't; prohibitive. probably a homonym with the preceding entry for the v'(e)- conditional
preverb; it is possible that this preverb is the same morpheme as the conditional preverb, but if so, it is a morpheme which is polysemous, since the conditional and prohibitive meanings do not appear to share much semantically. Notes (Phonology) preverb-final /e/ used when a vowel follows prohibitive verbs take this preverb in the indicative mode. prohibitive verbs take this preverb in the indicative mode. N-v'nheve! Don't do that! N-v'nhevme! Don't do that (said to more than one person)! N-v'e-a'xaame! Don't cry! N-v'nmenme Don't sing! (said to more than one person). Nstse-v'msehe! Don't (future) eat! Nstse-v'exheve! Don't (future) say anything! Apparently this is the same preverb that can appear in contexts in which something is referred to which should not be the case; here non-second person, as well as second person, subjects can occur, and verbs can be of either the independent or conjunct orders (but the v'(e)- cannot occur as the first conjunct prefix, giving a conditional meaning, as found in some examples in the preceding entry): Ma'hhkseho ohke-v'no'oestsnove. Old people can't hide it (for example, some story). -v'na'xvaenho. He beat her up (lit. killed her; an idiom for beating up one's wife; the v'- here gives some or all of the following meaning: he did that over there; he wasn't supposed to do it; he had no consideration for what else was going on there, for example, in a meeting). He, netaome-v'nhethta'haove. Hey, you had already told me that story yourself. [1987:175] ta-v'nthvotse'htnvo. They use it in a different way. [1987:211] -v'nheve. He shouldn't do that. See: oh-; htse-; sa-; ho'n-.
v'ee'e na. flicker (bird). Notes (Phonology) vsPl: v'eeho. Obviative: v'eeho. Usage: obsolescing. V'enh'e na. Sweet Woman. -v'enh(n) vta. slap s.o. in the face. -v'enehno. He slapped him in the face. BodyPartMedial: -n.
See: -v'eestsh(n).
-v'eno'e vii. taste sweet. ts-v'eno'e wine (lit. that which tastes sweet).Variant: -v'keno'e. -v'eestsh(n)
vta. slap s.o. in the head. N-v'eestshno. I slapped him in the head. See: pestsh(n); -v'enh(n).
-v'evoh(n) vta. snap s.o. esp. to snap s.o. with a towel. -v'evhnho. He snapped him (with a
towel).
-v'hahe vai. be of the same age. -v'hahe He is of the same age. Synonym: -set'hahe. -v'hahm vta. be of the same age as s.o. -v'hahemo. He is the same age as him. N-v'hahmo. I
am the same age as him.
v'e'so'hesttse ni. plate. specifically, one for eating from. See: khkoetohko. -v'enstsm vta. speak the same language as s.o. -v'enstsemo. He speaks (language) like him. Nv'enstsmaeneo'o. They (for example, Sutaio) speak like we (for example, Cheyennes) do.
-v'eoh(n)
vta. spank s.o. -v'eohnho. He spanked him.Variant: -v'he'eoh(n); -v'he'eoestoh(n); v'he'oh(n).
-v'eoho'ham vai. whip horses. N-v'eoho'hme I whipped horses.Variant: -v'he'eoho'ham. v'eoho'hamesttse

ni. whip.Literally: whipping-livestock-NOM. See: peva'haseo'o; o'hamvoo'xe. Pl: v'eoho'hamstottse.
V'se Bird. See: v'kse. V'shm'o na. Bird Trail.Variant: V'kshm'o. -v'sthm vta. same height as s.o. N-v'sthmo. I'm the same height as he is. to'st'-v'sthemo.
He is almost as tall as he is. to'st'-v'sthmho. He is almost as tall as he is. (pronunciation of younger speakers).
v'stovh'enesttse ni. microwave.Literally: fast-cooker. Usage: neologism. -v'stovoo'koh vii. rain rapidly, rapidly rain. -v'stovoo'kho. It's raining rapidly. ve'ev- i. concave. v'evstt'e na. cedar.Literally: fine.leaf(?)-pine. Not a true cedar but commonly called "cedar" in
English by Cheyennes. This word is used the juniper shrub, or when differentiation from 'pine' is desired. ?? See: stt'e.
v'eveto p. nevertheless ?? v'evetoo'o ni. bowl.Literally: concave-container. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: v'evetontse. See: hetohko. -v'ev vii. be concave; be a corner.Variant: -v'kev. -v'vo It's concave; it's a corner. vai: -v'evahe. -v'evo't
vii. sit in a dip; sit in an indentation, sit in a corner. -v'ev'ta. It's sitting in a dip/corner/indentation.
-v'evtoo'e vii. be a cave; be a concave shaped hole. -v'evtoo'e. It is a cave/it is a concave shaped
hole. has been used to refer to a vagina. Notes (Phonology) not vs See: -v'vo; -tne'hotoo'e; tshe'hotoo'e.
v'h- i. contain; wrap. -v'hahts vai. accompany; go with. See: -v'htsm. -v'hhtse. He went along. -v'han vti. wrap s.t. -v'hna. He wrapped it. See: -v'ho'ts; -v'hoests; -v'hoo'e; v'e'snhesttse.
vta. wrap s.o., enclose s.o. -v'hanho. He wrapped him. Etymology: cf. *newyiixkwe:pi0a:wa
I wrapped, enclosed him.
v'han'o ni. container. for example, a serving dish or envelope. See: v'ho's'o.Pl: v'haneontse. v'hano'tse ni. scabbard (for gun); sheath ?? See: mthk'e. -ve'he vai. be singed. -ve'he He is singed. -v'heo'o They are singed. v'-h- pv. why (preverb sequence marking rhetorical questions). See: me'-h-. N-ve'hnmne Why did
you sing?! N-ve'hmsehe Why did you eat?! Nve'hoxhetoo'o Why did you say that to them?!
-v'he'eoestoh(n) -v'he'eoh(n)
vta. Medial: -oest.spank s.o. See: -v'eoh(n); -v'he'eoh(n). -v'he'eoesthnho He spanked him (instantly by tool). Initial: drive a car fast (as if you are whipping it to go faster). vta. whip; spank s.o. -v'he'eohnho. He whipped him. See: -v'he'oh(n).Variant: v'eoh(n).
-v'he'eoho'ham vai. whip horse. -v'he'eoho'hme. He whipped his horse(s).Variant: -v'eoho'ham. -v'he'eohov vai. whip. -v'he'eohva. He whipped.
-v'he'eo'ho'ham
vai. whip horse. v'he'eoho'ham.
-v'he'eo'ho'hme.
He's whipping his horse.Variant: -
-v'he'oh(n) vta. whip s.o. (for example, a horse). ohkeahtse'hseneame-v'he'hnho. He would

whip him (obv; his horse) along. [FAMILY.TXT] See: -v'eoh(n); -v'he'eoh(n).
-v'heneoestho'he vai. singe eyebrows. See: -voestho'he; -ve'he. -v'heneoestho'he He singed his
eyebrows (or eyelashes).
-v'henos
mbp. eyebrow; eyelash. -tnovev'hnse He has thick eyebrows. oo'kev'hensnhtsesttse tweezers (lit. eyebrow plucker). -t'sev'hnse He has long eyelashes. -sahev'henshe He has no eyebrows.
v'hentse na. eyebrow.Pl: v'henoto. See: ma'xae-v'hentse. -v'h(n) vta. singe s.o. -ve'no (var. of younger speakers: -v'nho) He singed his hair off (for example,
off of a puppy for the Sun Dance; must be a mutt, not a nice species of dog, for the Sun Dance). Notes (Phonology) /h/ is not pronounced when /n/ occurs hair is also singed off prairie dogs before they are eaten.
-v'hoehee vai. lie wrapped. esp. lying wrapped in a blanket, typical of a baby. -v'hoehe. He's
lying wrapped in a blanket.
-v'hoee'tov vta. stand and watch s.o. N'hkee-v'hoee'tovoo'o I used to stand and watch them
(1987:222). hvone'e-v'hoee'toesesto (The skunk; obv.) stood there and stared at him for quite some time. [1987:283]
-v'hoeots'ta vti. look at s.t. quickly. -v'hoeots'ta. He looked at it quickly. Nhth-ve'hoeots'ta I

went (down) to look at (the cabin) (1987:30)
-v'hoeots'tov vta. look at s.o. See: -v'hoom; -v'hoe'tov. -v'hoeots'tovho He looked at him.
[1987:391]
v'hoesttse ni. casket; coffin.Pl: v'hostottse. Oblique: v'hostva. -v'hoests vti. wrap s.t. -v'hostse. He wrapped it. See: -v'han. -v'hoe'tov vta. look at s.o. See: -v'hoom; -v'hoeots'tov. nhe'e hne-v'hoe'tovhoono Then he
kept looking at her. (1980:65:63).
-v'hoevaen vta. reprimand; rebuke; bawl out; castigate s.o. appears to be harsher and/or of more
sudden action than -v'hot. Nma'xe-v'hoevaena He really bawled me out. Final: -vaen.
-v'hot vta. rebuke, reprimand, bawl out s.o. seems to include that the rebuke is done with anger. See: v'hoevaen; -v'hoet; -het; -ne'h'etov'tov; -eeoesem. -v'hoeto. He rebuked him. V'hoeha! Reprimand him! (cf. v'hoeeha 'Wrap him up!'). Naa mhma'xe-v'hotaehevhe nhe m'k'se. And (the older son; obv.) got after the youngest one. [1987:315]
-v'hoet vta. wrap up s.o. See: -v'hot; -hheet. -v'hoetho She wrapped him (for example, her baby)
up. v'hoeeha Wrap him up!
-v'ho''ame na. white woman (poss.). for example, used when an Indian man is speaking of his white
wife. See: -v'ho''one. na-v'ho''ame my white woman.
v'ho''e na. 1 white woman.Pl: v'ho''eo'o. Obviative: v'ho'a'o; Masculine: v'ho'e. See: -v'ho''ame.
2 queen (of cards). 3 White Woman.Variant: ma'xevhn'e; V'ho'k'e.
V'ho''so na. Little White Woman. -v'ho''vn

vai. white woman face. -v'ho''vn. She has a white woman face. Masculine: v'ho'vn.
-v'ho''venohe vai. look like a white woman. -v'ho''evenohe She looks like a white woman. -v'ho''evoest vai. wear a white woman dress. -v'ho''evosta She has on a white woman dress. -v'ho''one ni. ankle bone(s) ?? na-v'ho''one my ankle bone(s)?? See: -'a'one; -'hnno. v'ho'e1
na. 1 whiteman; non-Indian. Holliman Spelling: vi ho i.Pl: v'h'e. Obviative: v'h'e; Homonym: v'ho'e2 spider; Feminine: v'ho''e; Diminutive: v'ho'ke. Etymology: *wii'sahke:cya:hkwa culture hero; cf. C wiisahke:ca:hk. astome-v'ho'e lit. false-whiteman;
an epithet used of Cheyenne Indians who don't have some of the traditional characteristics of Cheyennes; esp. said of Cheyennes who don't talk Cheyenne (this term is often used to tease them or put them down). 'xe-v'ho'e half breed; lit. half-whiteman. tshse-v'ho'e lit. Cheyenne-whiteman (extant? How is this used?). v'ho'e savsstnvhe nhe'xvva vaveto The whiteman was not living (here) at that time in the past. (1987:115) (This illustrates that a singular may be used as a generic, as in English.). [PD38: American (note that Petter also translates v'ho'e as 'non-Indian')] Usage: Of all the semantic uses of v'ho'e today, including reference to the homonym v'ho'e 'spider', by far, the predominant meaning is 'whiteman'. Even though this word originally meant 'trickster, Algonquian culture hero', this referential meaning is essentially lost today. The etymology and social ramifications of v'ho'e make a very fascinating study. The word v'ho'e has been a very important word in the history of Cheyenne, and it continues to evoke strong emotional feelings and semantic connotations within Cheyenne speakers.. Lexically, it can be shown from contrasts between words that v'ho'e today "means" something like 'non-Indian', for example, ma'e-v'ho'e 'German (lit. red-v'ho'e)'. The word mo'hte-ve'ho'e 'Negro (lit. black-v'ho'e) is considered humorous by speakers because, to them, it initially sounds like a contradiction in terms, i.e. black-whiteman. The term v'ho'e, presumably in the 'non-Indian' sense is also extended to certain occupational roles which are today increasingly held by Indians, for example, matane-v'ho'e 'policeman (lit. chest-v'ho'e, so named because of the policeman's medal worn on the chest). The humor in apparent contradiction in the meaning of the term for 'policeman' is also pointed out by speakers. This relatively short word is one of the most important terms in the cultural, emotive scheme of Cheyenne life, and it can be seen from this discussion that it also has a very complicated semantic conceptualization, including historical development, semantic extension, folk reanalysis, and intense emotive associations. The preverb, v'ho'-, typically has the meaning of 'good, modern, top-quality', contrasting with ordinary, Indian things, which are sometimes viewed as inferior. See discussion under v'ho'-mh'o 'modern house' and v'ho'vo'ha 'top quality horse'. There can also be strong pejorative connotations associated with terms for 'whiteman', for example, see discussion under ma'hene-v'ho'e. The verb v'ho'veotse 'he turned into a whiteman' is strongly negative in emotive association. The words for 'whiteman' and 'spider' are the same in two Plains Algonquian languages, Cheyenne and Arapaho. This homonymy is often discussed by Cheyenne speakers. Various folk etymologies are given by speakers to account for the use of v'ho'e as the designation for the whiteman; the two most frequent folk etymologies are: (1a) The whiteman was given the same name as the spider because he fenced in the rangelands making it look like a spider's web. (1b) A variant of the folk etymology connecting the whiteman and the spider is that the whiteman was perceived as being intelligent and ingenious as the spider is said to be perceived by Cheyennes. (But many people question that Cheyennes perceive the spider as being particularly intelligent.) (2) Sweet Medicine predicted that a person (vo'stane) would come to the Cheyennes who would be wrapped up (tsev'hoo'e 'he will be wrapped up'), in the whiteman's non-Indian clothing which entirely covers the body, not the looser, sparser traditional clothing of the Indian. According to one folk etymology, the word v'ho'e 'whiteman', then, is a compression of the verb stem which Sweet Medicine used, -v'hoo'e. Historically, the word v'ho'e descends by regular sound rules from the old Algonquian word for 'trickster' or 'culture hero'. The Algonquian trickster continues in Cheyenne folk tales today. Cheyenne stories frequently highlighted the trickster v'ho'e long before the whiteman was ever encountered. Semantically, to native speakers, today, the word v'ho'e almost always conjures up the meaning of 'whiteman', with various emotive connotations, ranging from stinginess, greed, prejudice, sneakiness, to prestige. (Many speakers are aware that the word also means 'spider', but this is not the first meaning that comes to mind when they hear the word v'ho'e.) Although extant Cheyenne folk tales clearly indicate the historical nature of the meaning of 'trickster', this meaning seems to be never offered by native speakers today. When v'ho'e stories are translated into English the trickster word v'ho'e seems always to be translated as 'whiteman'. From a technical linguistic viewpoint, one would say that Cheyennes gave the Algonquian trickster term to the whiteman because the whiteman was perceived to have many of the qualities of the trickster. It is probably an accident of history that the word is homophonous with the term for 'spider'. The Cheyenne prophet, Mots'eeve (Sweet Medicine), told the Cheyennes of the coming of a person (vo'stane) to them; this person was apparently the whiteman. Sweet Medicine said: Nto'sho'a''tvo vo'stane. Tsemhev'enohe, tsa'e tssapo'v'enhhe tse'tohe vo'stane tsto'sho'a''tse. Nto'sevonanotvo netao'o hov'he tsohkeemhaane'tamse, to'semhevonanhtse....Naa ts'the tsto'sho'a''tse
tsemheteots'ta ho'e tsxhetaa'ma'o'e. Translation: A person is going to come to you (pl). He will be all sewed up (enclosed in clothes), nowhere will he not be sewed up, this person who is going to come to you. He is going to destroy for you everything that you used to depend on, he is going to destroy everything....And this one who is going to come to you will take over all the land throughout the world. (1980:4-5) (It has been repeatedly pointed out that Sweet Medicine never said that the ve'ho'e was going to come to the Cheyennes. Likewise, it is pointed out, that he never said a vhp-hetane 'white man' would come to the Cheyennes. Instead, he simply said that a vo'stane 'person' was going to come to the Cheyennes.). See: ho'evtse; anonhovhe. This Algonquian 'culture hero' term is reflected in English by the phrase "Whiskey-Jack", which, to English ears, sounded close to the Algonquian word. See: he'ama-v'ho'e. 2 Whiteman. This has apparently been a longtime Cheyenne personal name. In the mid to late 1800's, when English translations of this name were given to government agents, the word v'ho'e had already apparently come to mean almost exclusively 'whiteman', rather than its original Alqonguian meaning of 'trickster'. 3 trickster. Usage: The meaning of 'trickster' is now obsolescent for Cheyenne ve'ho'e, except that many Cheyenne legends have the Algonquian trickster, but the word for the trickster is only translated today as 'whiteman,' not trickster..
v'ho'e2
na. spider. mo'htev'ho'e black spider. t'sehtav'ho'e daddy-longlegs.Pl: v'h'e. Obviative: v'h'e; Homonym: v'ho'e1 whiteman. For discussion about the word for 'spider'
sounding the same as the word for 'spider,' see discussion under the entry for v'ho'e 'whiteman'.
v'ho'- pv. i. whiteman, modern, American. See discussion under v'ho'e regarding semantic extension
of the word for whiteman to forms with this preverb having meanings of 'modern, fancy, topquality, etc.'. v'ho'-mh'o modern house. v'ho'-hene'enovhstva according to white knowledge (education) (1987:238). v'ho'e-maahe bullet (lit. whiteman-arrow). v'hovo'ha top quality horse. V'ho'vo'ha American Horse (a proper name, which became a Cheyenne family name).
V'ho'e Oxha'staestse na. Tall Whiteman. -v'ho'eeeh vai. raise s.o. in the whiteman way. -v'ho'eeehho. He raised him in the white way.
See: -tshseeeh.
-v'ho'eeestvohe vai. raise child(ren) in the whiteman way. -v'ho'eeestvohe. She raised her
children in the white way.Variant: -v'ho'veestvohe. Final: -vohe. See: -nsta'omeeestvohe; veestvohe.
v'ho'hemene
na. pigeon. Obviative: v'ho'hemeno.
See: hemene.Literally: whiteman-dove.
Pl: v'ho'hemneo'o.
v'ho'khkonh'o
ni. bakery bread; white bread.Literally: whiteman-bread. See: khkonh'o. Notes (Phonology) vs
v'ho'emaahe ni. bullet.Literally: whiteman-arrow. Pl: v'ho'emaahtse. v'ho'mh'o ni. modern house.Literally: whiteman-house. A house with more than one room; an
elder gave this as an illustration of how Cheyennes use the form v'ho'e in a way that shows they have felt inferior to the whiteman. See: v'ho'vo'ha; mave'ho'e; mh'o.
v'ho'mahpe ni. whiskey, hard liquor.Literally: whiteman-water. See: manesttse; p'ho'hmahpe. v'ho'mhpmh'o ni. saloon; tavern; bar.Literally: whiteman-water-house. -v'ho'mhpma'h vi. smell of whiskey, whiskey smell, liquor smell. -v'ho'mhpm'ha. It
smells of liquor. Final: -ma'h.
-v'ho'mhpmea'xe vai. smell of whiskey, whiskey smell, liquor smell. -v'ho'mhpmea'xe. He

smells of liquor. Final: -ma'xe. See: -manmea'xe.
-v'ho'mhpvomhtahe
vai. be an alcoholic. See: -v'keemhpvomhtahe. v'ho'mhpvomhtahe He is an alcoholic.Literally: whiteman-water-physically.feel.
v'ho'maxe ni. barrel. am'na v'ho'maxe. He rolled a barrel. v'ho'm'ko ni. commercial buckskin. -v'ho'msehe vai. eat as a white person. for example, fancy, with a fork, napkin, with dainty fingers.
-v'ho'-msheo'o. They eat as whites. See: -msehe.
-v'ho'nestse vai. talk English. -v'ho'nestse. He talks English. Final: -nestse. See: -v'ho'v'an. v'ho'nstsesttse ni. English. Oblique: v'ho'nstsstva. V'ho'nhnhe
Lame Whiteman. Spelled Vehoenxne in the literature, this is the name of a Cheyenne who was killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Where he fell is now marked with a sign. See: Nhn'he.
-v'ho'non vai. sing in English, sing in the whiteman way. -v'ho'nne. He sang in English. v'ho'noottse ni. whiteman songs. v'ho'o'sena na. file. See: 'sena.Literally: whiteman-sharpening.stone. V'ho'o'h'e
ni. Whiteman River, Frenchman's Fork, Rio Grande River. Known to others as Frenchman's Fork, it is the northernmost tributary of the Republican River. The Cheyennes also called the Rio Grande River by this name.
V'ho'o'knhe na. One-eyed Whiteman. v'ho'ome

ni. tent. See: vee'e; xamaevee'e; kseome ??. Oblique: v'ho'om'e.Literally: whitemanlodge.
v'ho'otaho'eve na. cowhide. See: ho'eve. v'ho'otaho'vohktse ni. beef. Usage: not commonly used.Literally: cow-meat. v'ho'ot'e na. cow.Literally: whiteman-buffalo. Notes (Phonology) By the regular phonological rule of
Cheyenne called vowel-stretching we expect this word to be pronounced v'ho'ot'a, which may be an extant pronounciation, but the entry as spelled is the most common pronunciation.Pl: v'ho'otao'o. Obviative: v'ho'otoa'o. See: hotoa'e.
-v'ho'otama'h vii. smell of cows. -v'ho'otam'ha. It smells like cows. -v'ho'otavostomo'he

vai. have a cow personality. -v'ho'otavostomo'he He thinks like a cow/fig. he can't think fast/he is stubborn (someone is said to be like this 'because he drank cow's milk').
v'ho'kovo'hesttse ni. needle. See: hekovo'hesttse.Literally: whiteman-toothpick. v'ho'-ta'emenontse

ni. hominy.Literally: whiteman-hominy. whiteman kind treated with lye. See: mhaementse; ta'emenontse. Otaxa neeme'se-v'ho'tanoo'o. They just think like white people (STORIES.TXT). See: v'ho'-vsetan; -v'ho'vetan.
-v'ho'tan vai. think like a whiteman. -v'ho'tno. He thinks like a whiteman/he is 'stuck up'. ??
-v'ho'va' vai. act like a white person. considered an inappropriate way for Cheyennes to act. v'ho'v'o. He's acting like a white person. See: -v'ho'vetan.
v'ho'va'hse
na. pheasant.Literally: whiteman-prairie.chicken. called this because they are not native to Montana; they are said to have come from China. See: v'khse; t'svotonhe. said to be the older term compared to v'khse but v'khse seems to be more commonly used. mhe-v'ho'veo'o. They are all white (that is, entirely of white race).
-v'ho'eve vai. be a whiteman. can be said pejoratively of an Indian. -v'ho'eve. He is a whiteman. -v'ho'veestvohe
vai. raise child(ren) in the whiteman way. -v'ho'veestvheo'o. They raise children the white way.Variant: -v'ho'eeestvohe. See: -nsta'omeeestvohe.
-v'ho'veeestvohe vai. raise child(ren) in the whiteman way. -v'ho'veeestvohe. She raised
her children in the white way.Variant: -v'ho'eeetvohe.
Final: -vohe. See: nsta'omeeestvohe.
-v'ho've'hahe vai. have a whiteman voice. -v'ho've'hahe. He has a whiteman voice. v'ho've'ohko na. whiteman pipe. -v'ho'vn vai. whiteman face. -v'ho'vn. He has a whiteman face. Feminine: -v'ho''vn. -v'ho'venohe vai. look like a whiteman. -v'ho'venohe He looks like a whiteman (for example,
he is dressed as one). Final: -nohe.
-v'ho'veotse vai. become a whiteman. Usually has strong negative connotations. Can be a pejorative
statement made about an Indian who associates with whites, or has taken on some white characteristics, or has extensive white education, or has become a Christian, etc.
-v'ho'vsetan vai. hurry as a whiteman. -v'ho'vstno. He is whitemanishly in a hurry. See: vsetan.
-v'ho'vetan vai. want to be a whiteman. When said of someone, this is a put-down of him. v'ho'vtno. He wants to be a whiteman. See: -v'ho'va'; -v'ho'tan.
-v'ho'vevest vti. explain s.t. in English. -v'ho'vevsta. He explained it in English. -v'ho'vostomo'he vai. have a whiteman personality. -v'ho'vostomo'he He has a whiteman's
personality.
-v'ho'vstne vai. read English. -v'ho'vstne. He is reading English. -v'ho'vhomo'he

vai. whiteman dance. for example, cance the Foxtrot or a waltz. v'ho'vhomo'he. He's dancing a whiteman dance. -v'ho'vhom'heo'o. They are dancing a
whiteman dance.
v'ho'vhom'hesttse ni. Final: -ohom'he.whiteman dance. -v'ho'vhne

vai. whiteman sign, sign ASL, finger sign. -v'ho'vhne. He's doing finger signs/signing as a white person. fai: -ohon.
v'ho'vht'hohkhtse ni. leather.Variant: v'ho'vht'hoo'tse. v'ho'vht'hohktse ni. leather.Literally: whiteman-tanned.hide. Variant: v'ho'vht'hoo'tse. v'ho'vht'hohkotsvhontse
ni. leather dance=cuffs.Variant: v'ho'vht'hootsvhontse.
arm
bands;
war
v'ho'vht'hoo'tse ni. leather.Literally: whiteman-tanned.hide. Variant: v'ho'vht'hohktse. v'ho'vht'hootsvhontse -v'ho'v'an

ni. leather dance=cuffs.Variant: v'ho'vht'hohkotsvhontse.
arm
bands;
war
vai. utter English, speak English. -v'ho'v'ne. He uttered English. See: v'ho'nestse. would imply 'moccasins.'.Pl: v'ho'vo'hantse. See: mo'keha.
v'ho'vo'eha ni. whiteman shoe; shoe. Sometimes modern shoes are simply called this, while mo'khantse v'ho'vo'ha na. 1 top quality horse; beautiful horse.Literally: whiteman horse. This has been cited by
native speakers to illustrate that there has been a Cheyenne feeling of inferiority to the whiteman. See: mo'hno'ha. Preverb: v'ho'-; Final: -o'ha. 2 American Horse. A proper name which became a Cheyenne family name.
-v'ho'vo'khan
vai. have on shoes. shoes.Literally: (be.)whiteman-shoed.
See: mo'keha.
N-v'ho'vo'khne
have
on
v'ho'vo'ota ni. necktie; bowtie. See: ho'ota.Literally: whiteman-choker. -v'ho'voo'xev vai. announce in English. -v'ho'voo'xva. He announced in English. See: -ho'xev. -v'ho'vxe'oh vti. write in English. -v'ho'vxe'ha. He's writing in English. See: -mxe'oh. -v'ho'h vta. enclose s.o., contain s.o. -v'ho'hho. He put him in a container. See: -v'ho'ts; -v'han. V'ho'k'e na. 1 little white woman. Non-diminutive: v'ho''e.
2 Little White Woman. See: V'ho'kev'e.
v'ho'k'kso
na. Non-diminutive: v'ho''e.little Obviative: v'ho'k'ksono. 2 Little Whiteman.
white
girl.Pl: v'ho'k'ksono.
V'ho'ke na. 1 little white boy.Pl: v'ho'keo'o ??. Non-diminutive: v'ho'e. v'ho'khotaho'eve eeve? na. rawhide calf (rattles) ?? part of Sun Dance equipment. v'ho'kmaahtse ni. Non-diminutive: v'ho'-maahtse..22 shells. v'ho'kso na. Non-diminutive: v'ho'ke.1 little white boy.
2 Little Whiteman. See: V'ho'ke.
V'ho'kev'e na. Little White Woman. See: v'ho''e; v'ho'k'e. v'h'khtse ni. sweetgrass.Variant: v'h'htse. V'ho'khtsso na. Little Sweetgrass. v'ho'kseesttse ni. whiteman earrings. See: hsee'se. v'h'htse ni. sweetgrass.Variant: v'h'khtse. See: mots'eontse; Mots'eeve. -v'ho'htsvo'o' vii. sweetgrass grow. ts-v'ho'htsvo''e where sweetgrass grows. Medial: -'o'e. V'ho'htsvse ni. Sweetgrass Hills. in Montana, north of Fort Benton, near the Canadian border. V'ho'xha'staestse Tall Whiteman. v'ho's'o ni. par fleche, suitcase. These were suitcases used in tepees, for example, used as backrests
when not used as suitcases on a trip. This seems to be more commonly known today than ho'seo'o.Pl: v'ho'seontse. Notes (Phonology) vs Diminutive: v'ho'seko. See: v'haneo'o; ho's'o; v'ees'o; ma'xev'ho's'o.
v'ho'seko ni. purse; small suitcase. Non-diminutive: v'ho's'o.Pl: v'ho'kontse. -v'ho'ts vti. put s.t. in container. -v'h'tse. He put it in a container. See: -v'ho'h; -v'han; -v'hoo'e;
-v'hoests.
-v'hht vti. look at s.t. -v'hhta He looked at it. Notes (Phonology) In several constructions this TI
stem (and related -voht) acts as if it is phonemically /-v'hht/ with regards to pitch behavior, for example, ntav'hoohtanone 'Let's go look at it!' (ntav'hoohtnone is expected) vta: -v'hom.
-v'hoo'e
be wrapped up; contained. Notes (Phonology) vs One folk etymology says this verb stem shortened to become the word v'ho'e 'whiteman' since Sweet Medicine predicted that a person (the whiteman) would come who would be wrapped up (totally enclosed in non-Indian clothing; see discussion under v'ho'e.). See: -v'ho'ts; v'ho'e; -hhee'e. -v'hoo'e. He is wrapped up/he is contained. looking at me. (for example, when I was trying to shake your hand). V'hoomstse! Look at me! V'hoom-a! Look at him! vti: -v'hooht. See: -ne'evvoom; -vom.
-v'hoom vta. look at s.o. -v'hoomho. He looked at him. Nsa'e-v'hoomhe. You weren't even
-v'hoosan vai. watch; look on. esp. at a powwow or watching T.V. -v'hsne. He looked on.
Nth-ve'hoosanmne! Let's go look on.
v'hoosanesttse ni. T.V.; movie. See: -momhtxe'a'ha?.Literally: watching-thing. v'ke- i. sweet. Etymology: *wiikwep-. -v'keahonn vai. make a cake. See: -honn. -v'keahonne. She made cake. v'keahonoo'o ni. cake.Literally: sweet-baked. Pl: v'keahonontse. -v'keae'e vai. drink something sweet. -v'keae'e. He's drinking something sweet. v'kee- pv. sweet. See: V'enh'e.Variant: v'ee-. v'keeheseo'tse ni. sweet medicine. See: Mots'eeve. suspected of being a loan translation from
English, given to Grinnell; perhaps mots'eontse or v'h'htse was intended.
v'keehoohtsstse ni. sugar maple. See: hoohtsstse. Usage: neologism?.Literally: sweet-tree. v'keekhkonh'o
khkonh'o. ni. cookie.Literally: sweet-bread. Pl: v'keekhkonheontse. See: v'keahonoo'o;
-v'kee'hna vai. eat candy. -v'kee'hna. He's eating candy. v'keemahpe ni. sugar.Literally: sweet-water. probably named for the process of making sugar from
maple syrup.Pl: v'keemhpstse 'candy'.
-v'keemhpmea'xe vai. smell of wine. See: -v'eno'e. osee-v'keemhpmea'xe He really smells of

wine.
v'keemhpstse ni. candy.Literally: sweet-waters. See: v'keemahpe sugar. probably named for the
process of making candy (for example, taffy) from boiling sugar in water.
-v'keemhpvomhtahe
vai. have diabetes. diabetes.Literally: sweet-water-physically.feel.
-v'keemhpvomhtahe
He
has
v'keemanesttse ni. juice; Koolaid.Literally: sweet-drink. -v'kenehe vai. taste sweet. See: V'enh'e. -v'kenehe He tastes sweet. -v'keno'e vii. taste sweet. See: v'ho'mahpe. -v'keno'e. It is sweet tasting. ts-v'keno'e wine (lit.,
that which is sweet tasting). taome-v'keno'e. He brought something (for example, a black eye) on himself due to drinking wine. (lit., it-self-sweet).Variant: -v'eno'e.
v'kenhesttse ni. pocket.Pl: v'kenhestottse. Nven'ho he-v'kenhstottse hes?? I searched in

his pockets. See: v'kevenhe; -v'ket.
v'keonhesthttse ni. Indian baloney. See: hesthttse. v'kse na. bird. This is likely the older of the two pronunciations, v'kse and v'kso. Some modern Ch.
speakers have reanalyzed the /-s/ endings of a number of nouns, now apparently regarding them as having diminutive endings /-s/; some affected nouns are: v'kse 'bird', oekse 'dog', ma'hhkse 'old man', vhkse '(kit) fox', honxese 'meadowlark', v'khse 'prairie chicken'.Variant: v'kso. Pl: v'kseho. Obviative: v'kseho. See: oekese; oekso.
V'kse hvhonevstse Bird Chief. See: V'kshevho. V'ksh'e na. Bird Woman. v'kshe- pv. bird. v'kshema'evo beak (lit. bird-nose). v'ksmstaa'e owl (lit. bird-spook). V'kshema'evo na. Bird Nose. Usage: a kind of sound translation which originated from the family
name Beardneau.
V'kshm'o na. Bird Trail.Variant: V'shm'o. v'kshemstaa'e

na. owl.Literally: bird-spook. Pl: v'kshemstaeo'o. Variant: mstaa'e. ohkevee'heo'o vkshemstaeo'o. Mato mhene h'etxeoeenvhtse nhhe vo'stane tshemhenstse mato m'hkevhovneehehhe. Mato 'hkemhaenheto'e'heo'o. Owls are
also feared. When they alight on a house, there the person who owned the house, also (it was believed) he would die, that was what they (owls) were blamed for. (1987:214). V'ksmstaeo'o ohkhevoone, "Khkonheo'o nxhoxomstse!" Owls say, "Feed me bread!". [1979:205] Notes (Phonology) vs Obviative: v'kshemstaoho.
-v'kshemstavn vai. owl face. -v'kshemstavn. He has an owl looking face. V'kshenhkohe na. Bird Bear. See: nhkohe. v'kshso
na. little bird.Pl: v'kshesono. See: mnevata young bird. Obviative: v'kshesono; Non-diminutive: v'kso.
-v'ksheve vai. be a bird. -v'ksheve. It (animate) is a bird. See: -hovheve be an animal. V'kshvho na. Bird Chief. See: V'kse hvhonevstse; vho. -v'ksheve'eme vai. sound like a bird. -v'ksheve'eme. He's making a sound like a bird. -v'kshevhtheve
eagle) design.
vai. have a bird design. -v'kshevhthvnstse They have a bird (incl.
V'ksohnese na. Two Birds.Variant: V'kshnese. V'kseo'xhestxese na. Heap Of Birds; Many Birds.Literally: birds which are many. John Heap of
Birds, of Oklahoma, authored several Cheyenne Christian songs.
v'kso
na. bird. See discussion of the variant endings under v'kse.Variant: v'kse. Pl: v'kseho. Obviative: v'kseho; Diminutive: v'kshso.
V'kshma'henevstse na. Medicine Bird. See: Ma'henev'kse. V'kshnstooestse na. Howling Bird.Variant: V'kshnstoohe. V'kshnstoohe na. Howling Bird.Variant: V'kshnstooestse. V'kshnese na. Two Birds. V'ksohnese (variant). V'kshnso (variant). V'kshneve'hooestse na. Bird Flies Fast. V'kshno'kaestse na. One Bird.
V'kshtamehtsstse na. Walking Bird. V'kshtoh'stse na. Rising Bird. V'kshvhonevstse na. Bird Chief. V'kshv'komaestse na. White Bird. V'kshvov'haestse vai. Spotted Bird. V'ksxhahketa na. Littlebird. V'ksxhevaestse na. Yellow Bird. Notes (Phonology) contracted to Hevaestse See: Hevev'kso. -v'ket vii. be a corner. tsh-v'kto where it's in the corner. -v'kevan vti. vta. make pocket out of s.t./s.o., put s.t./s.o. in a corner. ste-v'kevannoho. He made
a pocket of it (pret.). (Croft 1988:40:40).
v'kevenhe na. pocket. See: v'kenhesttse.Pl: v'kevenheo'o. -v'kevee vai. lie in corner. -v'keve. He's lying/sleeping in the corner. -v'kev vii. concave. -v'kvo. It's concave. See: -v'ev. -v'kevo'ts vti. keep s.t. in a corner, put s.t. in a corner. -v'kev'tse. He put it in a corner. fti: -o'ts. ve'ktse
ni. heart bag (dried pericardium). used as a container, for example, for carrying pemmican.Variant: hestheve'ktse.
-v'n vta. singe s.o. -ve'no. He singed the hair off of him. -v'nho. He singed the hair off of him.
(younger speakers). This is done to animals before they are cooked. Notes (Phonology) allmorph
of -v'h(n)
-v'hneotse vai. pucker; wince. -v'hneotse. His face puckered up (esp. from eating something
sour).Literally: sour-face-become. BodyPartMedial: -n.
v'ohk- i. bitter; sting; pain. Etymology: *wii'sak-. -v'hkahe vai. be easily offended; be prickly; has a quick temper; always say something terrible
back.Literally: bitter. -v'hkahe. He is prickly, easily offended. See: -nhesth; -tot'kovahe.
-v'ohkahtse
vai. negative talk; talk negatively; negative.Literally: bitter-mouth. -v'hkhtse. He speaks negatively.
-v'hka'ov vta. irritate s.o. Nohks'-v'hka'oo'e. It's like a thorn in my side/it still hurts. v'hke- pv. bitter. v'hk-hevem'xeme lemon (lit. bitter-yellow-big-fruit). v'hke-tonto It's very
(lit. bitter) cold.
-v'hkeno'e
vii. taste bitter, taste sour. for example, the taste of lemonade without sugar. v'hkeno'e. It tastes bitter. See: -v'hk'eno'e. na. lemon.Literally: sour-yellow-big-fruit. Notes (Phonology) iahVariant: hevem'xeme. Pl: v'hkhevema'xemeno. Obviative: v'hkhevema'xemeno.
v'hkhevem'xeme
v'hkheseo'tse ni. bitter medicine. that is, horsemint. -v'hk'aht vti. taste s.t. as sour. -v'hk'hta. It tastes sour to him. V'hk'hhe na. Bitter Woman. V'hkemahpe
Bitter Water, Red River. Cheyenne name for the Red River which formed the southern boundary of the Indian Territory (Oklahoma).
vai. smell sour, sour smell, putrid smell. -v'hkema'xe. He smells sour. for example, a lemon (animate). See: -hema'xe.
-v'hkema'h vii. sour smell, smell sour. -v'hkem'ha. It has a sour smell. -v'hkema'xe
-v'hkemeno'e vii. very cold. -v'hkemeno'e It's very cold. See: -koemeno'e. v'hkmxne ni. bitter perfume; sweet flag. V'hkene'hne ni. Bitter Lakes. located northwest of Pawnee Fork. v'hkevn'stse ni. bitter sage. See: vn'stse.
-v'ohk vii. bitter. -v'hko. It is bitter. -v'hk'enehe vai. be so sour in taste you pucker up at the jowls. -v'hk'enheo'o They (an., for
example, lemons) are very sour (causing you to pucker up).
-v'hk'eno'e vi. be so sour in taste you pucker up at the jowls. See: -v'hkeno'e. -v'hk'eno'e
It tastses very sour (causing you to pucker up).
-v'hk'emt vti. thorny brush; thorny weeds. -v'hk'emto. It's thorny (brush/weeds). v'hkono ni. shin. Usage: obsolete. See: -'a'one; -a'na; -v'ho''one. v'hkonno'e ni. some kind of pole. -v'htsm vta. 1 accompany s.o.; go with s.o. -v'htsemo. He accompanied him. -v'htsmho.
He accompanied him. (pronunciation of younger speakers). ase-v'htsemo. He left with him. See: -vsev; -v'hahts; -vstoem. 2 go with s.o. romantically, married to s.o. tsv'htsmose his (or her) companion (or spouse).
-v'htsm't vti. accompany s.t. Ns'-v'htsm'ta I still go by (the spiritual way) (1987:104). -v'htsmsan vai. accompany; go with. -v'htsmsne He accompanied. Notes (Phonology) vs -v'htstan vai. have a bitter attitude. -v'htstno. He has a bitter attitude. ?? -v'ooh'seh vta. race s.o. that is, cause s.o. (for example, a horse) to run in a race. -v'ooh'shho.
He ran him (for example, in a race). -v'ooh'shho nove'vo'hme. He ran a horse (in the race).
-v'otse vai. 1 warpath go on. -v'otse. He went on the warpath.

2 journey. initially referred to going on a warpath, but has been extended to any journeys. See: -nheohts. Usage: obsolescing.
V'ots'e Warpath Woman. V'otsnhkohe na. Warpath Bear, Journeying Bear. V'otsna'han'e na. Warpath Kills Woman. v's- i. rapid. -v'soo'kho. the rain is falling fast. N-v'sna. I made it fast by hand. ?? -v'sto it's
snowing finely (small granulated snow which comes down fast).
V'shv'e na. Fine Haired Woman. -v'semenoo' vii. be tiny (berry shaped). only of plural subjects. -v'semenoo'nstse They (berries)
are tiny.
-v'seva'ham vta. bounce s.o. -v'seva'hamho. He bounced him (for example, baby). -v'seva'xe vai. bounce. See: -ka'a'xe. -v'seva'xe He bounced (for example, a baby). -v'soehn vai. have babies rapidly close together, bear children rapidly close together. -v'shne.
She had babies rapidly close together. See: -mnot'evehn.
-v'soo'koh vii. rain fall fast and in small drops. -v'soo'kho. Rain is falling fast. Usage: rarely said. -v'sovs vai. have fine (textured) hair. -v'sovse. He has fine hair. v'e- pv. by; with; instrumental; because. primarily registers instrumentality but, by extension, can
indicate some causality; the primary causality preverb, however, is hse-. See: hse-; v'(e)-. Nv'ephvetanotse. It made me happy. N-v'eoomaa'e khamaxe He hit me with a stick (cf. nooma 'he hit me'). -v'he'pnoto he'hkono He smoked (with) a pipe. hotma'e ho'vva nme'tava-v'ho'eanhestseoh'tvo on a hide I could easily haul her back down (the hill) (1987:30). hne nsa'o'e-v'tshe'htshnne that is not the reason why we came (1987:59).
v'ees'o
ni. medicine bundle, medicine bag. where a medicine man keeps his medicine. Notes (Phonology) vsPl: v'eeseontse. Oblique: v'eesene. See: v'ho'seo'o; -vonh'xame.
v'e'mesttse ni. pouch; bag. esp. one for carrying food on a journey. See: ka'emesttse. v'e'snhesttse
na. pants, trousers, bloomers (single pair).Literally: enclosed-rump-thing. Usage: considered a humorous word.Pl: v'e'snhestoto. BodyPartMedial: -'es. See: -v'hoo'e; vohto; -mhove'ee'e.
-v'enohe vta. enclosed. -v'enohe. He is all sewed up/he is all enclosed (for example, with clothes).
See: v'ho'e; -v'hoo'e.
-v'en' vai. sew pouch. -v'en'e. He sewed a pouch. -v'enot vta. bag s.o. refers to killing, esp. a game animal. -v'enotho. He bagged him. fta: -nt. -v'tv na. brother-in-law (of male) (poss. stem). Notes (Phonology) irregular stem he-v'tovo his brotherin-law. n'tve my brother-in-law. 'tve your brother-in-law. hev'tovo his brother-in-law. N'tovaneo'o our (excl.) brothers-in-law. See: -vtove; -vtame.
vn-
i. disagreeable; cross. Etymology: cf. M we:ya:tesew. -vnomhtahe He feels dissatisfied/he
regrets.
ven- pfx. now. imperative prefix meaning something like 'be at it' (PG 50). Ven-hemseestse! Come
eat now! Ven-nevtamemeno! Be merciful now to us! Ven-one'sematama! Believe (now) in him! Ven-h'po! Now have a smoke! (1987:204). Ven-t'stse! Get up! (for example, said 2nd/3rd time, after s.o. hasn't gotten up yet). See: nen-; s'-.
-vnahe vai. hurt, offended. -vnahe. His feelings were hurt. vta: -vneh. See: -vnomhtahe. -vnh'heneve vai. prickly; touchy; offended easily. -vnh'heneve. He is easily offended. See: vnahe; -vntsest; -tot'kovahe.
-vnhkos
vai. stingy, selfish. considered a very bad thing. -vnhkse. He is stingy. vnhkseo'o. They are stingy. Antonym: -hoto'ahe. See: -vnahe; -no'ketantsan.
vnho'htse ni. heartwood. of a tree. Etymology: cf. *wiikwepyi basswood inner bark. -vntsest vti. offended by s.t., hurt by s.t. -vntssta. He was offended by it. vai: -vnahe. See: vnomhtahe.
vene ni. marrow. Etymology: *wiini. vnepv. bitterly; crossly; with hot temper. -vneamehtse He's walking bitterly/he's walking
dissatisfiedly.
-vneno'e
vii. taste bad. -vneno'e It tastes disagreeable/bad (for example, water). See: hvsveno'e.
-vneh vta. offend s.o., hurt feelings of s.o. N-vneha. He hurt my feelings. -vnhho He angered
him. See: momta'-; -'hto'eh; -hesthem.
-vnem vta. anger s.o. through talking. -vnemho. He angered him through talking. vnemahpe ni. vinegar.Literally: sour-water. Usage: od. Holliman Spelling: vi ni ma pi. -ven fni. place; town. Honovh-vno Busby (lit. talkative-place) (name not well known for Busby;
named after Mr. Busby who was a talkative whiteman). M'e'hhts'-vno at Flies In Sight Woman's (=Jenny Spang's) house/place. See: -n2.
vnh'etohko ni. basket.Pl: vnh'ethkontse. vnh'khtse ni. chokecherry branch. sometimes the "bush" is called mn'e.Pl: vnh'khtsstse.
These branches are used in the altar of the Sun Dance. See: vno'hohktse tripe.
Vnh'khtso'h'e ni. Wild Cherry River. This was what Cheyennes called the south fork of the
Republican River.
vnho'khte'e ni. chokecherry bush area. vno'hohktse ni. tripe, paunch. 's'e vno'hohktse. "I'm going to get (some) tripe." (That is,
tripe is going to come my way; this is said humorously when someone hiccups.).Variant: vno'hoo'tse. See: vnh'khtse chokecherry branch. Etymology: *wiina:'0akayi.
-vno'hohkotsmea'xe vai. smell of tripe, tripe smell. -vno'hohkotsmea'xe. He smells of tripe. vno'hohkotsvetke ni. fat on top of tripe. Vno'hoo'tse 1 ni. tripe, paunch. Notes (Phonology) vsVariant: vno'hohktse.
2 na. Paunch.
-vno'ohtsh vta. rescue s.o. from danger. -vno'ohtseho. He removed him from danger.
-vno'tan vai. flee from danger. can be used of someone who wants a miracle to get well from an
uncurable disease. N-vno'tno. I'm running for my life. -vno'tno. He escaped/he fled/he wanted to escape. ts-vno'tanose those who are fleeing from danger.
-vno'tan'tov vta. want s.o. to get well; want s.o. to flee from=danger. tsmhotose hva tsv'evno'tan'tvse those he loves, like, (from his Sun Dance vow) he wants them to get well (1987:211). hp'e m'hketnemhe-vno'tan'tovhanhe likewise everyone wants to get
away from danger (1987:286).
-vno't vii. smoky, hazy. for example, smoky in the atmosphere or tepee. -vn'ta. It's smoky. See: vno'tavoomno'e; -me'atova; -s'tov'e.
vno'tee
ni. smoke (for example, in a tent or room). nesta vo'staneo'o m'hkemhaav'hotnhtshevhe vno'tee Indians used to send messages to each other by
smoke.
-vno'tmeeho't vii. smell of smoke. -vno'tmeeh'ta It smells of smoke. -vno'tvoomno'e vii. smoky, hazy in the environment. -vno'tvoomno'e it's hazy/smoky. Notes
(Phonology) iah
-vnom vai. offend s.o. by speaking. See: -vneh; -vntsest. N-vnmo I offended him by what I said. -vnomhtahe vai. regret. -vnomhtahe. He regretted. for example, feeling bad because he gave
something away that meant a lot to him, or feeling bad because he lost something that meant a lot to him. See: -vnahe; -vntsest.
-vnomhth't vti. regret s.t., feel remorse about s.t. can be about loss of something dear to you. vnomhth'ta. He regretted it/he felt remorse about it.
-vnomhth'tov vta. regret s.o. ?? N-vnomhthentse I hated to lose him. ?? (Croft). -vntse ni. at home, at the camp. na-vntse at (or in) my camp. ne-vntse at your tent. he-vntse at
his home. na-vntne at our (excl.) home. See: -ventse; vee'e.
-ventse ni. home, tepee, tent; dwelling, camp, lodge. na-ventse my tent/my dwelling. he-ventse his
camp. he-vnvo his home (1987:96). nnvne our (excl.) home (probably older form than navnnne). na-vnnne our (excl.) home. nvne our (incl.) home. n-vnvvo your (pl) home. Oblique: -vntse. See: -ome; mh'o; vee'e; ho'htsesttse; nvne.
-voestho'he
vai. be singed. -voestho'he He got singed (for example, his hand or hair). See: v'heneoestho'he; -ve'he. -osevona. na-veo'o my co-wife. na-vono my co-wives. na-vonasstse my co-wives (voc.). hevono her co-wife. Notes (Phonology) apoc; vs
-veo'o na. co-wife (poss.). i.e. relationship of one woman to another wife of her husband. See: -he-veve;
-vse'e vai. drink with. -vse'e. He's drinking with others. fai: -ase'e. vsepv. with; accompany; also. See: no'-; mato; naa. N-vseonomne. I was invited also. vsh'tavhne. He (with others) is fighting a fire. Etymology: *wiici. ma'xe-vsha'vahtse. He really punished himself. ??
-vsha'ov vta. hurry s.o., rush s.o., pressure s.o. ma'xe-vsha'ovho. He really put pressure on him. -vshan vta. hurry s.o. xxae-vshanaehoono. He tried to hurry her (to look). [1987:260] See: -vsetan. -vsho'stxe'ohe vai. enrolled with. -vsho'stxe'ohe. He is enrolled with. See: -vsxe'ee. -vse' na. friend (female friend of female). na-vs'e my friend (newer form than ns'e 'my friend').
he-vse'ho her friend. na-vse'eo'o my friends. Masculine: -vsene.
-vs'ha vai. fly with, fly also. -vs'ha. He flew with (others). -vse'han vai. eat with. -vse'hna. He ate with (the group). Mnstse-vse'hna? Are you also going
to eat? vta: -vse'hanm.
-vse'hanm vta. eat with s.o. -vse'hanamo. He ate with him. -vse'hanmho. (pronunciation of
younger speakers). vai: -vse'han. See: -msehe.
-vse'hoohe vai. fly with. -vse'hoohe. He's flying with (others).
-vsemohe vai. run also. -vsemohe. He also is running. can refer to physical running or running for
a political office. fai: -mohe.
-vsen na. friend (poss.) (male to male). traditionally this word is only used by males about males; it is
considered improper for women to use this word. Nsne is the older way to pronounce the same meaning as na-vsne. nsne my friend. na-vsne my friend. he-vsenho his friend. senhane our friend. Notes (Phonology) irregular paradigm with some competition between older and newer forms Feminine: -vse'.
-vsenome vai. sleep with. -vsenome. He's sleeping along with / he also slept. For example, after
your baby goes to sleep then you go to sleep, also. fai: -nome. See: -vm.
-vsenon vai. sing with. -vsenne. He sang with (others). fai: -non. -vsenohe vai. appear with. -vsenohe. He appears with (others). -vsem vta. stand with s.o. -vseemo. He stood with him. Vseememeno! Stand with us! Final: -.
See: -ne'tov; -vsev.
-vseev vta. stand with s.o. Final: -. See: -vsem. -vseohov vai. flee with. -vseohva. He fled with (others). Final: -ohov. -vse'e vai. stand also. -vse'e. He is standing also (along with others). -vseotse
vai. do (s.t.) nonstop; become hurried. See: -vsetan; neve-. stav'-vseotshoo'o He became very busy (Stamper 1991:4).
-vseov'hem vta. eat out of same plate with s.o. See: -vse'han; -vse'hanm. -vseov'hemho ?[ He
shared the same plate with him/he ate out of the same plate with him.
-vses na. sibling. For siblings of the same biological parents, specific terms for the relationships are typically
used, for example, na-mhne, n-semhe, na-'neha, n-htnme. This word includes cousin. na-vsso my sibling. na-vssono my siblings. ne-vssono your siblings. he-vssono his sibling(s). tshevssnstovstse the one who is sibling. tshe-vssnto the one who is my sibling. tshevssnetono the ones who are my siblings. vai: -he-vssone. The entire list of words is somewhat irregular, with some competition between older and newer terms, for example, nsso vs. na-vsso 'my sibling'.Variant: nsso my sibling.
-vsstanomev vta. live with s.o. as co-citizen. Mo'vea'ene-vsstanomevhevhe Ho'homo'ho. He

lived with the Sioux. [1987:50]
-vsstnm't vti. live with s.t. Ns'-vsstnm'tnne. We are still living with (the spiritual way).
[1987:104]
-vsstanove vai. live with. This means to be a co-citizen with. It does not refer to staying in the same
dwelling. -vsstanove. He lived with. Nhhe sa-vsstnvhe. He is not a permanent resident there. -vsstanoveo'o. They (an.) lived with. ts-vsstanovese all of the people/those who live (together). Final: -stanove. See: -vonstanove; -amstanove; -vo'stanheve.
-vsstnvem vta. live with s.o. as co-citizen or neighbor. -vsstanovemho. He lives with him. Nvsstnvmo. I live with him.
-vsstave vai. live with (as co-citizen or neighbor). See: -vsstnve; -vsev. -vsstave He lives with. -vssttsem vai. be with but against s.o. N-vssttsema He's with me but plotting against me. vssttsemo He's with them but plotting against (s.o.). See: -vsto'tsem.
-vsee vai. lie with. See: -vm; -vsxe'ee. -vse He's lying with. refers to lying at the same time as
one or more other people.
-vstno
vai. hurry, rush, impatient. -vstno. He is in a hurry / he wants to rush. Naa ohkevsetanoo'o, ta'se nveotsto hstanovesttse. (Now people) are in a hurry, like life is rushed. [1987:224] See: -v'ho'vstno; -vseotse; -nontovahe; -ontovanen.
-vsetsest vti. impatient for s.t.; hurry for s.t. -vstssta. He's in a hurry for it. -vsetsstov vta. impatient for s.o. -vsetsstovho. He's impatient for him; expecting him early. hvsetsstvhtssesto. They were in a hurry.
-vsv vta. be with s.o. -vsevo. He is with him.Variant: -vsevho.. Etymology: *wiicye:we:wa. See: v'htsm; -vstse'enm.
-vsevoo'o na. partner; companion (poss.). na-vsevoo'o my partner/my companion. na-vsevoono my

partners. Notes (Phonology) vs See: nstaxe; -vstaneo'o.
-vsevoonan vai. select marriage partner. -vsevoonne. He selected a mate. -vsxe'ee vai. be enrolled. See: -vsho'stxe'ohe; -vsee; -vstxe'ohe. tsa'e n-vsxe'e Where are
you enrolled?
vst- i. with. See: vse-. -vst vti. promise s.t., name s.t. -vsta. He promised it. -vstantse noho ma'kaatanstse He promised
$5 (for example, for the Christmas powwow). Etymology: *wiintamwa he named it. vta: vstomev.
-vstaenvem vta. have fun with s.o. tsohkeemhae-vstaenvemose those he use to have fun with.
See: -haenvem; -n'so'em; -vsta'stsm; -vsto'sem.
-vsth'en vai. cook along with (others). -vsth'ne. She is also cooking. -vstahe vai. have a share. nhhe n-vstahe I have a share there. -vstahe vai. help ?? See: -vsthmosan. -vstahe He helped. vta: -vsthm. -vsthm
vta. help s.o. -vsthemo. He helped him. -vsthmhtsstove. There is helping one another. Naa mato ntxv'h'e hne ta'se nv'e-vsthmnvo hne nhhe hoenahttse. And also the soldiers, I asked for help for them there in the prayer. [1987:99] Nh-vsthemstse! Help me! N-vsthmaa'e. It helped me. vai: -vstahe.
-vsthmhtstan vai. want to be helped. -vsthmhtstno He wants to be helped. -vsthmhtstan'tov vta. want to be helped by s.o. -vsthmhtstan'tovho He wants to be
helped by him. vsthmhtstan'tova ma'heo'o (You pl.) ask God for what you need! vsthmhtstan'toveha ma'heo'o "Ask God for his help!" (lit. Want to be helped by God!). Mhnhnhee-vsthmhtstan'toehevhe. That's how he (obv.; frog) wanted help from (the man). [1987:286]
-vsthmsan vai. help (people). -vsthmsne. He helps (people). See: -vstahe. Final: -san. -vsthotse vai. help. -vsthotse He helped. Final: -otse (see discussion there). -vsthotsm -vsthv
vai. help s.o. quickly. -vsthotsemo. He helped him quickly. -vsthotsmho. (younger speakers). See: -vsthm. vai. be with on a side. refers to being on a certain side when there is a division. vsthva. ?? He is on (this or that) side. vai. speak for a side. -vsthtohe. He is speaking for that side. Nhvsthtohmemeno! Speak on our behalf! Final: -ahtohe; vta: -vsthtohem. See: -vsthv; amhtohe; -hoonsthtohe; -nstoohe; -estomtxev.
-vsthtohe
-vsthtohm vta. speak for the side of s.o., speak on behalf of s.o. -vsthtohemo. He spoke for
his side. N-vsthtohema ma'heo'o. God is on my side (that is, he speaks for my side).
-vsta'stsm vta. collaborate with, involved with s.o. for example, working or dancing together. See: vstotse'hem. -vsta'stsemo. He is 'in it' together with him. -vsta'stsmho. (pronunciation
of younger speakers).
-vsta'haso'he vai. ride horse along with. -vsta'haso'he. He is riding horse along with (others). -vsta' vii. vai. fall with. -vst'o. He fell with (others). -vsta''sem vta. buddy to s.o. -vsta''semho. He is a buddy to him. ?? See: -he-vsta''seon'tov. -vsta'xanm vta. cry with s.o. -vsta'xanemo. He cried with him. See: -a'xaame cry. -vstamaots'tov vta. take s.o.'s side; be on a side with s.o. -vstamaots'tovho ?[ He took his side. -vstame'tov vta. take s.o.'s side; be on a side with s.o. -vstame'tovho. He took his side/he is on his
side.
-vstmsan vai. be with on the same side with people. Mhnenvhevhe ts-vstamsanese. There
were four who were on (the humans') side. [1987:245] See: -vsthmsan.
-vstaneo'o na. companion; helper. na-vstaneo'o my companion/my helper (VS). na-vstaneono my

companions (pl. and obv.). Notes (Phonology) vs See: -vsevoo'o ??.
-vste'e vai. drink with. -vste'e He drank with (someone else). Final: -ase'e. -vst'em vta. drink with s.o. usually implies drinking alcohol. -vst'mho. He's drinking with
him. N-vst'mo. I drank with him.
-vstatamao' vai. laugh with. -vstatama'o. He laughed along with (someone else). -vstaxe vai. belong; be a member of the group, society, committee. N-vstaxe I'm in that group. See: vsthtohe; ntaxe.
-vstxm vta. be a member of the group of s.o., be in the same society with s.o., be on the same
committee with s.o. See: -h'xseohts'tov. -vstxemo. He's in his group.
-vstoem vta. 1 sit with s.o.stay with s.o. naa nhe'e no'ka tsxhse-vstmse na'stse hevohestoto.
then one time when (Petter) was staying with one of his relatives. [1987:142] 2 married to s.o. Usage: fig.. -vstoemho. He's married to her (or, She's married to him). Nvstomo. I am married to him/her. ts-vstoemo my spouse (lit. the one I sit with). tsvstoemose his/her spouse. -vstoemhtseo'o. They are married (to each other). Mhvonstnvse a'e nstse-vstoemhtsme 'hma. When your (plural) way of life is gone, you will marry each other, close (relatives), right across (from each other) in the same tepee. (This was predicted by Sweet Medicines. There are strong Cheyenne prohibitions against marrying close relatives.). vai: -vstoo'e; Reduplicated: -vovstoem. See: -vstonem. Etymology: *newiitapimaawa.
vstoemhtsvxe'stoo'o
ni. marriage tsv'ev'ho'vstoemhtsstove.
license.Literally: marriage-paper. Synonym: mxe'stoo'o
-vstoemo'seh vta. cause s.o. to be married; perform marriage ceremony for s.o. -vstoemo'shho He
performed a marriage ceremony for them (or him or her).
-vstoen vti. vta. hold to s.t./s.o. with (others). Ne-vstona a'ene'xvephvstao'omenhesttse. I am

already holding on to everlasting life. [PRAISE.TXT]
-vstoeotse vai. accompany. ame-vstoeotse. He is riding as passenger. See: -v'hahts. -vststne vai. read with. -vststne. He is reading with (others). -vsthhtse vai. track with. -vsthhtse. His tracks go along with (those of others). fai: -ohohts. -vsthomo'he vai. dance with. for example, dance with others in the Sun Dance. -vsthomo'he. He
danced with (others). fai: -ohomo'he.
-vsthom'hem vta. dance with s.o. nhta-vsthom'hemoo'o I'll dance with them (1987:396). -vsthn vai. sign with. -vsthne. He's making signs with (others). -vsthoo'e vai. wade with. -vsthoo'e. He waded with (others). fai: -ohoo'e. -vsto'hotse vai. run also. -vsto'hotse. He's running also. -vsto'etahe
vai. do ceremony with, participate with. -vsto'etahe He participated (along with others) in the ceremony. [PD1119]
-vsto'e'e vii. be with among growth. Naa ttseha mh-vsto'e'hanhe hne m'e'e. and long ago this
weed was there amongst the others. [1987:238]
-vsto'hame
na. Final: -o'ha(m).fellow horse (poss.). See: mo'hno'ha. he-vsto'hamono his (horse's)
fellow horse(s).
-vsto'omenehe vai. poor also. -vsto'omenehe. He is poor like the rest of us. fai: -o'omenehe. -vsto'sem vta. play with s.o. -vsto'semho. He played with him. Nxh-vsto'semstse! Come
play with me! See: -vo'seh; -vo'soo'e; -n'so'eem.
-vsto't vii. be there also. Vhpoometaneno tsvsto'tatse where Busby also was (located). See: -no'oem. -vsto'ts vai. camp with. -vst'tse. He's camping with. fai: -o'ts.
-vsto'tsm vta. camp with s.o. -vsto'tsemo. He's camping with him. ts-vsto'tsmotsee'e neighbors
(lit. those who are camped with us). Final: -o'ts. See: -vstotshm smoke with s.o.; vstse'enm live with s.o..
-vstma' vai. painted with. Tsa'e tsto'shse-vstm'e nstsetnetm'e? On what side (group) do
you want to be painted? Which paint do you want? [1987:28] fai: -ma'.
-vstomev vta. promise s.o. -vstomevho. He promised him. N-vstomeva. He promised me. Nvstomoo'e. He promised it to me. tst'hee-vstomeveto exactly as you promised me. Nvstomvo hov'he. I promised him something. N-vstomevontse noho ma'kaatanstse. I promised him $5. N-vstomevnoto mo'hno'hme. I promised him a horse. vti: -vst. If someone breaks a promise to another, it is said that he -netse'e or -hovaem to that person, both verbs meaning 'lie'. See: -vstomo'han; -vestomev; -vovstomev.
-vstomevnot vta. promise s.o. to s.o. -vstomevnoto mo'hno'hme. He promised him a horse. -vstomo'han
vai. vow, pledge. appears to be a stronger speech act than -vstomsan. vstom'hne. He made a vow/pledged/promised. -vstomo'haneo'o tssto'senemanvse. They made a vow to quit drinking. Usage: not well known by younger speakers today. It has
been said that in the Cheyenne way "you can break a promise but not a vow"; something MUST be done if it is vowed. See: -vst; -vstomev; -vstomsan; -shpo'etahe; -nheto'xev; -hoxh'ev.
vstomo'hanesttse
tsmna'e ni. New Testament. Usage: neologism.Variant: ho'emanesttse tsmna'e.
See: nonho'emanesttse.
-vstomsan vai. promise.Variant: -vestomsen. -vstomsne. He promised. Usage: more commonly

used than -vstomsen. vta: -vstomev. See: -vstomo'han; -vovstomsan.
-vstonem vta. sit with s.o. -vstonemho. He's sitting with him. vai: -vstonoo'e. See: -vstoem. -vstonoo'e vai. sit with. See: -vstoo'e; -amnoo'e. -vstonoo'e He sitting there also. Notes (Phonology)
vs vta: -vstonem.
-vstonov
vai. discuss with. -vstnva. He's discussing with (somebody). fai: -nov. See: n'honov.
-vstonovaem vta. sit discussing with s.o. -vstonovaemho. He's sitting there talking with him/them. -vstoo'e vai. sit with, sit also, be with, ride with. -vstoo'e. He's riding/sitting with. Naa nhhe mhvstoehehhe. And he was with (them) (for example, in jail). [1987:183] Nto'sevstoehe? Are you going to ride with (me/us)? Mnstse-vstoo'e? Do you want to ride along with (me/us)? Notes (Phonology) vs vta: -vstoem. See: -vstonoo'e.
Vsto'e Sitting With. woman's name. -vstsee vai. lie with. an obsolescing way of saying that someone is in a story. -vstse He's in the
story. [Croft] See: -nhe'stse.
-vstotsehe vai. smoke with. -vstotsehe. He's smoking with (someone else). vta: -vstotshm. -vstotshm vta. smoke with s.o. esp. of smoking the peace pipe with s.o. -vstotshemo. He smoked
with him. Ne-vstotshmoneo'o. We have already smoked with them (= we have made peace with them). vai: -vstotsehe. See: -vsto'tsm camp with s.o..
-vstotse'ohe
vai. work also; work with. that is, working along with others. -vstotse'ohe. He's working also. (used by younger speakers).
-vstotse'hm vta. work with s.o. -vstotse'hemo He worked with him.Variant: -vstotse'hmho -vstxe'a'xe vai. be in a movie also. -vstxe'a'xe. He is in the movie also. -vstxe'stn vai. study with. -vstxe'stne. He's studying with (others). tsh-vstxe'stnto my
school (lit. where I with-study). [1987:190]
-vstxe'ohe
vai. enrolled with. e-vstxe'ohe He's already enrolled. See: -vsho'stxe'ohe; ho'stxe'ohe.
-vstsehn vai. live with.Literally: walk with. N-vstshne. I live with. See: -v'hahts; -v'htsm.
-vstshnm vta. walk with s.o.; live with s.o. By semantic extension, this verb can refer to living with
or socially communing with s.o. -vstshnemo. He's living with him. See: -vstse'enm; vstoem; -vhtsm.
-vstse'enm vta. live with s.o., room with s.o., married to s.o. This word often implies being married
to s.o. The more commonly used verb for being married to s.o., however, is -vstoem. vstse'enamo. He is living with him. N-vstse'enmo. I lived with him. See: -vsto'tsm; vstshnm; -v'htsm; -vsv; -vsstnvem; -ne'enm.
vkeehmentse ni. strawberries. See: vkee'hementse.Literally: sweet-berries. vke'e na. birch; aspen. a kind of tree used for the lodgepole and poles, used in Sun Dance lodge
aspen ?? See: vkee'e ??. vke'e ?? aspens. vke'stse some kind of vine (pl.?)? ?? Locative: vkee'va. Usage: translation uncertain.
vkee'hemen''e ni. strawberry area; raspberry area; blackberry bush grove. vkee'hementse
berries. ni. strawberries; raspberries; blackberries. See: vkeehmentse.Literally: sweet-
vkee'hoohtsstse na. aspen; birch. Usage: translation uncertain. said to be "trees with black spots
on them". See: hoohtsstse.
vkee'v'stse ni. sand lily ?? small plants with tubular flowers having white petals; you can suck
on the flower; they taste sweet.Variant: vkee'mhtamtse? (lit. sweet-foods?).
-vkem
na. grandmother; mother-in-law (poss. stem). 'grandmother' is an irregular stem. See: nke'he; -hke'ehe; keme; -hkeme. he-vkemo his grandmother(s). ne-vkeme your grandmother (modern subdialectal variant of keme). na-vkeme my grandmother (modern subdialectal variant of ne'he). vai: -he-vkeme. Etymology: *wiilenwi.
veta ni. fat.Variant: vetke. Usage: This entry and variant are both probably archaic.Variant: vethke. -vtme na. cross sibling-in-law. This is a man's brother's wife, woman's sister's husband, or woman's
husband's brother. See: ntame; -v'tve; -vtove; -tove; -tame?. he-vtme her brother-in-law. tshe-vtamstovstse the one who is cross sibling-in-law. tshe-vtamstovstse the one who is my cross sibling-in-law.
Vtaneo'h'e ni. Fat River, South Platte River. vtn'stse ni. cattail. vtanove ni. 1 tongue. Medial: -tanev.Pl: vtanovtse. Etymology: *wii0anyiwi his tongue.
2 tongue of wagon. 3 tongue of shoe.
Vtanovo'h'e ni. Tongue River. Vtanveo'h'e tsxho'ome mouth of Tongue River (at Miles City,
Montana).
Vtaphaet'e na. Kiowa.Literally: greasy-wood-one?. Pl: Vtaphaet'eo'o. Vtaphaeto'e-mhove'ho'no Anadarko, Oklahoma.Literally: Kiowa-town. vtoo'tse ni. penis. See: hoo'xe; -ohos; ta'xevtse. he-vtoo'tse his penis. Medial: -hos. Etymology:
*wii0akayi; *mii0akaayi (Pi). Notes (Phonology) vsPl: vtoottse.
-vtov mbp. body. tthpe'e-vtva. He is tall and heavily built. See: -vtove; -voxe; voxtse. -vtove
ni. body (poss.). Usage: obsolescing. ma-vtove a body. he-vtove his body. ntove my body.Variant: navtove. tove your (sg) body. ntovantse our (excl.) bodies. Medial: -vtva.
vtsno p. right at that time; just then; right then. Vtsno nnhtsevomtse. I was just now going to
look for you (for example, to tell you something). Vtsno hena'hanhe! That's it! Vetsno!! Exactly!! (note the lengthened vowel which indicates greater intensity). [1987:45]Variant: vtsno. See: vtshe; nnxeto.
vtshe
p. right then. See: vtsno. nhe'e vtshe mstaemhoveotshhe. Then he got weary. (1987:283). See: vtsno; nhe'xvva.
vetke ni. fat. Notes (Phonology) /vtehk/ See: veta. Simplified Spelling: vichk.
-vtkvhonne vai. cook frybread. -vtkvhonne. She's making frybread. -vtkvhonnema'h vii. smell of frybread. -vtkvhonnem'ha. It smells of frybread.
for example, the smell in a room when someone is cooking frybread. fii: -ma'h.
-vtkvhonnetan vai. want to make frybread. -vtkvhonnetanoo'o. They want to make

frybread.
vtkvhonoo'o ni. frybread.Literally: grease-fried. vevstse na. antler; horn. Usage: sometimes avoided in speech due to sound similarity with, for example,
heveve 'he is having sexual intercourse'.Pl: vveto. he-vveto his horns. Obviative: vveto; Possessive: -htsevevstse; BodyPartMedial: -ves. See: vhkevstse; -he-veve. Etymology: *wiiwiila his(??) horn.
-vvohe vai. move camp, break camp. -vvohe. He moved. h-vvhvosstse mhnhvovevvhehhe
Hna'e. When they broke camp Swan was the first to break camp. [1987:17]
-vvhe'ev vai. announce breaking of camp. -vvhe'va. He announced breaking of camp. See: ho'xev.
-vvheotse
vai. break camp. -vvheotse He broke camp/he took down his tent (quick action). Synonym: -hmhtsehn. See: -vvoxe. See: -vvoxe.
-vvotan vai. pack. that is, packing things up, for instance to go somewhere. -vvotne. He's packing. -vvotaov vta. load s.o., put pack on s.o. -vvotaovho. He's putting a pack on him (for example, a
horse).
-vvoxe
vai. carry pack. -vvoxe. He's carrying a pack. vta: -vvotaov. See: -amo'xe; -vvotan. Etymology: *wiiwaiwa.
-vvoxe ni. pack (poss.). na-vvoxe my pack. Etymology: *wiiwai 'his pack (?)'. -vxah na. grandchild; child-in-law (poss. stem). core meaning of 'grandchild' semantically extended to
'child-in-law'. he-vxaho his grandchild. nxahe my grandchild. xahe your grandchild. vai: -hevxahe.
-vo pro. TA obviative suffix. vomae-vohe? Did he/they see him? -vo num. second and third person plural TI suffix. Notes (Phonology) allomorph of -v See: -v. esp. for
conjunct ?? Notes (Phonology) -vo > -v / h# (of inferential verbs) ?? Nvohtano-vtse. You (pl) saw them (inan). Nho'heno-vohe? Do you (pl) want it? hestanno-vtse. They took it.
-vo pro. conjunct relational suffix. See discussion in Leman's grammar (1980:201:fn. 5). Petter called
this form oratio obliqua in his grammar (1952:105). This suffix appears when a conjunct verb is in relation to an independent order verb which has a third person subject. If -vo is absolutely word-final, the subject of the verb is first person. This -vo is an allomorph of the independent order relator suffix -v, but differs functionally slightly from its independent order use in that the latter indicates relationship to an object possessed by a third person, but in the conjunct usage it is simply the presence of the third person which triggers usage of the relational suffix. See: -v. tshnaotse-vo when I was sleeping (relational). ts'etsetano-vo ma'heo'o nhn'tvo when I was troubled I prayed to God (Hymn 97; cf. use of the ordinary conjunct indicative, ts'etsetanto, here). tshvonena-vo nvsthema when I was lost he helped me. tshnehve-vo myself (cf. tshnehvto). tshvoneotse-vse when you were lost. tshvoneotsvse when you (pl) were lost. tshvoneots-vtse when we were lost. naa oha no'phvem'stomevoono ts'the hva tst'nheetano-vo but explain to them how I am thinking (1987:53). ne'amehtse hp'e tsstaameohtse-vo He was coming along just when I was going along (1987:174). tshmse-vo momta'eotse when I ate it he got mad. ts't=h'e tho'hnhtsevomho tshek-voo'o This woman came looking for my mother (obv; 1987:10) (cf. tshekto 'the one who is my mother'). tshhe-voo'o my father.
-vo num. third person plural TA suffix. vomo-vo. They saw him/them. Nvomo-vohe? Did you see
them (an)? mshe-vohe? Did they eat? See: -v 2PL.
-vo num. second and third person plural suffix. esp. for conjunct ?? Notes (Phonology) -vo > -v / h# (of
inferential verbs) ?? tshman-vse when they drank. Mhvehe-vhe. They must have camped. ho'hn-vo. They want it. Nho'heno-vohe? Do you (pl) want it?
-v
pro. TI relational suffix. See: -vo. Nvohtom-vo hemh'o I saw his house. hestanom-vo hemxe'stnesttse He took his pencil. hestanom-vonovtse hesmonevtse They took their boats. N''t-vo hestse'ko I broke his leg. Nmse-vontse hemhaementse I'm eating his corn
(pl) (note nmsentse mhaementse 'I'm eating corn').
Vahso na. Little Animal. said to be abbreviated form of Hvahso. Vahv'e

na. Separated Woman. translation uncertain; has also been translated as First Woman; PD804 translates it as Pelican Woman. See: -hovaheve.
vaxa'e na. bald eagle. Notes (Phonology) not vsPl: vaxaa'eo'o. Obviative: vaxaa'ho. The bald eagle is
considered sacred by Cheyennes. If a vow is made and a bald eagle is sighted soon after, it is viewed as confirmation of the vow. Notes (Phonology) iah See: netse; hoestomo.
Vaxaa'e Nstoohe na. Screaming Eagle. Vaxaa'ma'hen'e na. Bald Eagle Medicine Woman. vaxaa'meeno na. bald eagle pin feathers. used in altar of Sun Dance. Vaxaa'mn'e na. Eagle Trail Woman. See: Netsmn'e. -vaxaa'vm'e vai. eagle-painted. -vaxaa'vm'e. He's eagle-painted. Vaxaa'hnstooestse
Nstoohe. na. Screaming Eagle, Whistling Eagle, Screaching Eagle. Variant: Vaxaa'e
Vaxaa'hv'komaestse na. White Eagle. Vehv'e na. Does First Woman. Ve'ameohtsv'e na. First Walking Woman. Vem'hne na. First Appearing. -von mbp. face. ne'-vone. He washed his face. Notes (Phonology) allomorph of -n See: -n. -ve'e vai. stand first; be a leader. -ve'e He is a leader/he is standing first. Notes (Phonology) vs
fai: -.
vsta1 na. white buffalo calf. considered special or sacred because they were so rare.Pl: vesthne. Vesta'e na. White Buffalo Calf Woman. This name is very common for women; at one time there
were so many women with this name that people rather humorously distinguished the various women by different prenouns attached to Vesta'e: Mo'hte-vesta'e Black White Buffalo Calf Woman. Ho'sots-voesta'e Dirty White Buffalo Calf Woman. Momta'-voesta'e Angry White Buffalo Calf Woman. Khkoe-vesta'e Flat White Buffalo Calf Woman. Vo'xenvoesta'e Roman Nose White Buffalo Calf Woman. S'henhke-vesta'e Eyes Darting Around White Buffalo Calf Woman. Ka'e-vesta'e Short White Buffalo Calf Woman. See: M's'e.
vestae'kso na. buffalo calf. See: m'ks'e. Vestaem'e na. (woman's name). Vestaso na. Little White Male Buffalo Calf. man's name. See: vestso. Vesthmo'htvaestse na. Black Crane. Vestanstsv'e na. (woman's name). Vestanehn'e na. Bears White Buffalo Calf Woman. Vestaoheoev'e na. Healing Rock Woman. Usage: translation uncertain. vestao'hon'e na. granite; quartz; agate; white rock. These rocks had special uses for example, as
sharpening stones. See: ho'hon'e. Notes (Phonology) vs Initial: This word can be used in an idiom referring to being steadfast..
Vestso na. 1 crane, white crane, sandcrane(?). some may translate as this as 'swan'.Pl: vestsono.
Obviative: vestsono; Diminutive: vestso. Usage: obsolescing. Etymology: *wa:pitecya:hkwa; wa:pitecya:hkwaki (pl) 'white crane, whooping crane (?)' (Go88). See: Vestaso; ne'pottse. 2 Little Crane.
Vestsemn'e na. Crane Trail Woman.
Vestsenhkohe na. Eagle Bear. translation uncertain; possibly Crane Bear. Vestseve na. Crane. Vestashnstoohe na. Howling Crane. -voestt ni. belt (poss.). na-voestto my belt. hevoesttonevtse their belts. Navoestto nho'hehe? Do
you want my belt? (= idiom, Do you want a spanking?). IndepNoun: hoestto.
Voesto'amehtsstse na. Walks Ahead ?? -voestn na. dress (poss.). ne-voestnaneo'o our (incl.) dresses. See: -voesttse dress (poss.). -voesttse na. dress (poss.). na-voesttse my dress. ne-voesttse your dress. he-voestoto her dress(es).
he-voestvevho their dresses. ne-voestnaneo'o our (incl.) dresses. IndepNoun: hoesttse.
vee- i. pv. happily; joyfully. See: hettae-; phve-; mse-?. -veetno He is happy/he is joyful. voeeamehtse He's walking joyfully. Usage: obsolescing.
Veh'e na. Happy Woman. Veemn'e na. Glad Road Woman. -veetan
vai. joyful, happy. for example, the feeling one has when greeting a friend. Usage: obsolescing. -veetno. He's joyful. See: -phvetan; -msetan; -hettaetan.
vetsna'e ni. clay; white paint (a Sun Dance paint). might also refer today to chalk, as used in school. vetsena'vetoo'o
ni. pottery vsPl: vetsena'vetontse.
dish.
See: hetohko;
hetoo'o
??.
Notes
(Phonology)
vetsna'vxe'stnesttse ni. chalk.Literally: clay-writing.thing. -vheame vai. shoot well; good marksman. -vheame. He's a good marksman. See: -ame. vohe'e
ni. shoestring, shoelace, moccasin lace. he-vhe'amevtse their shoestrings. na-vhe'e my shoestring. na-vh'stse my shoestrings.Pl: vh'stse. AltPl = subdialectal vh'stse ?? See: thevhe'ehe tie shoestrings. 2 na. Nest.
vhe'so ni. 1 ni. nest.Pl: vhe'sontse. vai: -vhe'sonan. Etymology: *wai'0ayi (G); wasye'0anwi (S). -vhe'sonan vai. make a nest. -vhe'sonne. He's making a nest. IndepNoun: vhe'so. vheepv. renewed. va-vheevo'stanheve! Live (pl) a renewed life! (for example, Repent!). Reduplicated: vvhee-.
-vheetan vai. feel renewed; fresh. -vheetno. He feels renewed/he is fresh. va-vheetanoo'o.
They are renewed. (for example, reconciled after a spat?).
-vhetan
vti. vta. renew s.t./s.o. See: -vvhetanen. -vhetna He renewed it. -vhetanho He renewed him. va-vhetanahtse He renewed his life/he renewed his ways (for example, he repented). vai. renew, make bed. -vhetanne He 'made his bed'/lit. he renewed ?? o'hooma vhetannstse Make your bed on this side! vhetannstse "Make the bed!".
-vhetanen
-vhetax vti. cut out s.t. for example, cut out shape from hide for a buckskin dress or moccasin; this is
not cutting with a pattern. N-vhetxa I cut it out.
-vhetxe'oh vti. write s.t. anew. va-vhetxe'oohtse Write it anew/again/better! ?? vhk- i. crooked; bent. Reduplicated: vovhk-. Vhkaestse Bent. Usage: possible neologism for a U.S. cavalry officer ??. -vhkahe vai. curved. -vhkahe. He's curved. vii: -vhk; Reduplicated: -vovhkahe. Vhkh'h'e na. Bent Woman. -(v)hkho'hfai. blended ?? hevhkho'hv'kso canary mhnevhkho'hso ?? ground squirrel (lit. serpent-blended?).
(lit.
yellow-blended-bird?).
-vhkho'he vai. cooked curled. -vhkho'he. It's cooked curled. for example, the way bacon fries. vhka'he na. banana.Literally: crooked-one. Variant: vhka'mene?. Pl: vhka'heo'o. Pl: vhka'heono.
vhka'heme ni. banana.Pl: vhka'hemeno ??. vhka'hemenkohkonheo'o ni. banana bread. Usage: neologism. vhka'mene na. banana.Variant: vhka'he. Pl: vhka'meno. vhka'toneoh'o ni. staple.Literally: bent-nail. Notes (Phonology) vs See: toneoh'o. -vhka'haso'he
vai. change course riding horse, turn on horseback. This word is used for going around the pole at the Sun Dance, rather than charging straight at it on horseback. vhka'haso'he. He changed course while riding horse.
-vhka' vai. turn quickly. va-vhk'o. He turned around quickly (for instance, to return home). -vhka'xe vai. turn, go crooked, make a sharp turn. for example, make a u-turn in a car. -vhka'xe. He
made a sharp turn. naa mhne'hkeva-vhka'xhhe then she would turn and run back (1987:248).
-vhkan
vti. vta. bend s.t./s.o. -vhkna. He bent it by hand. Etymology: *wa:ken. Reduplicated: vovhkan.
Vhkee'se Crooked Nose. Vhkees'e na. Crooked Nose Woman. Vhkese na. crooked nose. Usage: teasing epithet. -vhkees vai. have a crooked nose. -vhkese. He has a crooked nose. BodyPartMedial: = -es. vhkee'he na. crescent moon. See: 'xee'he. -vhkeh vii. lie crooked. -vhkha. It's lying crooked. vti: -vhkhahts. -vhkhaht vai. crooked foot. -vhkhhta. He has a crooked foot. Medial: -haht. -vhkhahts vti. lay s.t. crooked. -vhkhhtse. He lay it crooked. vii: -vhkeh. -vhkha'e ni. hat (poss.). na-vhkha'e my hat. IndepNoun: hhkha'e; Old Male Speech: -vhtha'e. -vhkhe'on'o vai. bend hand. esp. to indicate a person's height with your hand upright and fingers
upward and slightly bent. -vhkhe'on'o ?[ He bent his hand.
vhkhso na. little fox. Usage: obsolescing.Pl: vhkhesono. Singular: dim; Non-diminutive: vhkse. vhkhev'she -vhke'sev
na. scorpion.Literally: bent-tail-one. Obviative: vhkhev'sheho; Medial: -hev's. Pl: vhkhev'sheo'o.
vii. flow crooked; be a bend in a river. hnhhe tsh-vhke'sevotse ... tstshsthese m'hkevehevhe there at the bend of the river ... Cheyennes would camp (1987:21). [1987:281]
-vhkemohe vai. turn running. -vhkemohe. He made a turn running. fai: -mohe. -vhkenno'e vii. look bent. -vhkenno'e. It looks bent. fii: -nno'e. -vhkenohee'e vai. looks like sitting crooked. -vhkenohee'e. He looks like he's sitting crooked. -vhkeohe vai. turn. -vhkeohe. He turned. Vhkeht'hhe na. Crooked Leg Woman. -vhke'e vai. crooked, slanted, stand crooked. -vhke'e. It's standing crooked. for example, a
fence post that is not positioned as vertically as it should be.
Vhkes'e na. Crooked Finger Woman. vhkse na. kit fox. Diminutive: vhkhso. Usage: probably this was earlier form than vhkso; both are
obsolescing, being replaced in usage by ma'hhe.Variant: vhkso. See: ma'hhe.
Vhksehv'xe na. Foxtail. See: vhkso. Vhkshetane vhkso

na. Kit Fox man. quite possibly the same society as Mtssonetaneo'o / Mnsonetaneo'o.Pl: Vhkshetaneo'o. See: vhkso; Mtssonetane; Mnsonetane. na. kit fox. Usage: obsolescent.Variant: vhkse. Pl: vhkseho. See: tvhkso; ma'hhe. Etymology: cf. *wa:kwehsa ??. Obviative: vhkseho.
Vhkshtamehtsstse na. Kit Fox Walking.
-vhkee vai. lie crooked, lie bent. -vhke. He's lying crooked. -vhkem vta. lay s.o. crooked. -vhkemho. He lay him down crooked. Vhkeo'o na. Crooked Rump. vhkevstse na. sharp horn. See: vevstse.Literally: bent-horn. Obviative: vhkeveto. -vhkevo'oh vti. hit s.t. crooked, point s.t. crooked. -vhkevo'ha. He hit the nail crooked. -vhkevo'oh(n) vta. make s.o. go crooked. -vhkevo'hnho. He hit (the ball) crooked. -vhko
vii. bent, crooked. -vhko. It's bent. vai: -vhkahe; Reduplicated: -vovhk. See: -nm. Etymology: *wa:kya:wi.
-vhkoenee'o'h vta. turn around leading s.o. Hestotseho mstava-vhkoenee'o'hohevhe. He turned his
horse around for him. [1987:22]
-vhkht vti. bend s.t. by mouth. -vhkhta He made it crooked with his mouth (or teeth). Medial: ht.
-vhko'hotse vai. turn running. -vhko'hotse. He made a turn running. -vhko'a'ham vta. throw s.o. crooked (esp. of a curve ball). -vhko'a'hamho. He threw him (esp.
animate ball) as a curve (ball).
-vhko'en vta. vti. bend s.t./s.o. as wood. for example, bend willows for a sweat lodge. N-vhk'no
mn'ke I bent the willow. Medial: -'(e).
vhko'xne na. Roman nose. Usage: teasing epithet. Medial: -n. -vhko'xn
vai. have a Roman nose. See: Vo'xnhe. -vhko'xne. He has a Roman nose. BodyPartMedial: -n.
Vhko'xnhe na. Roman Nose. See: Vo'xnhe. -vhkneee vai. lie bent ropelike. -vhkne. He is lying bent ropelike. vhkhe
na. 1 rabbit.Pl: vhkooheho. Obviative: vhkooheho.Variant: vhe. See: anhevhkhe jackrabbit; hevs'the cottontail rabbit. 2 Rabbit.
Vhkhe hvov'haestse vai. Spotted Rabbit. Vhkoohmhove'ho'no loc. Rabbit Town. Cheyenne cluster of houses on west side of Tongue
River at Ashland, Montana.
vhkooheme ni. fig. Usage: not well known.Literally: rabbit-berry. Pl: vhkoohementse. vhkoohmen'stse ni. rabbit-brush. Usage: neologism?. vhkhso
na. little rabbit. See: vhe.Pl: vhkoohesono. Obviative: vhkoohesono; Nondiminutive: vhkhe. The Rabbit Song, found in this entry, used to be sung to boys to
embolden them for hunting; it was probably sung by the boys' mothers; in recent years it has been taught to children in the reservation schools; hand motions accompany the song.
Vhkhso hesta'hama HE! haneo'hohta'ova HE! Pe'peno's'ova HE! Vohkhe, vhkhe.
Pull the little rabbit out (by his ears)! Kick him until he's dead! Squash him! Rabbit, rabbit.
Vhkoohetane na. Cree.Literally: rabbit-person. Pl: Vhkoohetaneo'o. -vhkoohevahtsen

vai. be harelipped. See: -tov'htse. -vhkoohevhtse He has a harelip. Usage: loan transl.; may not actually be used.Literally: rabbit-lipped.
-vhkoohevhom'he vai. Rabbit Dance. -vhkoohevhom'he. He did the Rabbit Dance. Vhkoohvhom'hesttse ni. Rabbit Dance. Vhkoohvoomahe na. Paiute.Literally: rabbit-robed-one. Pl: Vhkoohvoomheo'o. -vhkoonean vta. lead s.o. off track. -vhkooneanho. He led him off track. -vhnhetaa' vii. be of medium size. See: -nhetaa'; nhne-(?). -vhnheta'o It was of medium size. -vhne'hahe vai. be the middle age. -vhne'hahe He is of medium age (for example, the in between
child (not the oldest and not the youngest)).
vhne'e p. medium distance away, a little bit longer, so long. See: v'h'se. -voho ni. bracelet (poss.). na-voho my bracelet. IndepNoun: hoho. Vho'kase na. Light.Variant: V'ho'kase. -vho'ksn vti. turn s.t. (a light) on. -vho'ksna. He turned it (light) on. Vho'ksnhtse! Turn the
light on! Antonym: -no'tovn, -h'tovn extinguish s.t./s.o..Variant: -v'ho'ksn. Usage: This form is used in more recent years, in contrast with -v'ho'ksn..
vho'ksnhnesttse
ni. light (for example, electric light); lamp.Variant: v'ho'ksnhnesttse. See: shkomev'ho'ksnhnesttse; honeanatev'ho'ksnhnesttse.
-vho'ke'e sparkle, glitter, shine, twinkle. esp. said of stars.Variant: -v'ho'ke'e. -vho'ke'e.
He's sparkling. -vho'k'eo'o. They are twinkling/sparkling. See: -ohase'e.
vho'oes- i. discard. -vho'oesan vai. discard; throw away. -vho'oesne. He threw away trash (for example, dumped or
burned garbage). Nh-vho'oesne. I'm going to throw away garbage. vta: -vho'oet.
vho'oesanhoo'he na. trashbag. See: hoo'he. Usage: neologism. vho'oeseontse ni. trash.Literally: throw.away-things. See: sevho'oesanesttse. -vho'oests
vti. discard s.t., throw away s.t. -vho'ostse. He threw it away. vta: -vho'oet. See: hesta'hahts. astan; -asta'hahts; -asta'ov; -ta'e'ov. 2 divorce s.o. -vho'oetho. He threw him (or her) away (esp. refers to divorcing s.o.). vho'oethtseo'o. They are divorced (from each other).
-vho'oet vta. 1 discard s.o., throw away s.o. Vho'oeeha! Throw him away! vti: -vho'oests. See: -
-vhnen vti. lift s.t. -vhnna. He lifted it.

vta. lift s.o. -vhnenho. He lifted him up. See: -he'aman; -vnoan; -vona''ts.
-vhnots obl. groin, genital area, crotch area. ma-vhntse in the groin. ne-vhntse in your crotch.
Mne-vhntse? You mean your crotch? (a nasty thing to say to a woman). See: -thovon'ov.
-vhov fta. sign to s.o. Ne-vhovo. I motioned him to lie down. Nhn-vhvo. I motioned
him to pray. Notes (Phonology) allomorph of -ohov See: -ohov.
v(hp)- i. light (color). -vhpahe vai. be a light color. -vhpahe He is a light color. vii: -vhp. Vhphso na. Little Gray, Little Light. name of Cheyenne artist, Daniel Little Chief. -vhpho'he
vai. be faded by sun. can imply wearing faded clothes, for example, a dress. vhpho'he She has on a faded dress.
-vhpho'hestse'hen vai. wear a faded shirt. -vhpho'hestse'hna He is wearing a faded (lit.

white by sun) shirt.
-vhpho'hvoest vai. wear a faded dress. -vhpho'hvosta She is wearing a faded dress. vhphtse-nhkohe na. grizzly bear.Literally: white-mouthed-bear. See: nhkohe; vhpe-nhkohe. Vhphtsen'hhe na. White Mouth Woman. -vhpa' vai. Medial: -a'.have gray hair. Vhp''e na. Whitehaired Woman; Grayhaired Woman. -vhpan vta. powder s.o. -vhpanho. He's powdering him. -vhpe vai. be painted white (esp. for a Sun Dance). -vhpeo'o They are painted white. This term
seems to refer to body paint, esp. for a Sun Dance, whereas -vhpn refers to face paint.
vhpe-
pv. white; light (in color). See: -v'kom. tee-vovhpeneve (en?) there are white sandrocks (1987:42). Reduplicated: vovhpe-.
Vhpeanohe na. White Hawk. See: Aenohe hv'komaestse. -vhpeenaotse vii. white snow drifts. -vhpeenaotse. There's snow drifts.
-vhpeenoo'e vhpeeva
vii. be covered with snow. -vhpeenoo'e. The ground is covered with white snow.Literally: white-snowed. See: -hahpe'enoo'e. na. cotton. See: hevaho. vhpevaho sg.?.Literally: white-rope (or fur?)).
cotton
(gramm.
pl.).
Usage: extant
in
-vhphasen vai. have white seeds up in the basket game. See: pe'haseono. N-vhphasne I have
all white faced up on the seeds (in the basket game).
Vhphev'she na. White Tail. -vhpe'xan vai. have white spots on eyes. -vhpe'xne He has white spot(s) on his eyes. Vhpe'xanhe na. White Eyes. Vhpe'ham'e na. White Horse Woman. -vhpe'xon vai. Medial: -n.be gray faced (esp. of a horse). See: -ot'tavov. h-vhpe'xonsesto He
(horse) was grayfaced (surp.) (1987:170).
Vhpe'xonhe na. Grayface. a horse name. Vhpemh'e na. White Cow Woman. See: mehe. Vhpemstaa'e na. White Owl. -vhpn vta. paint s.o. white on the face. esp. of painting s.o. who will to dance in a Sun Dance. vhpeno. He painted his face white. -vhpnho. He painted his face white. (pronunciation of younger speakers). -vhpn'e. He (obv) painted his face white. N-vhpno. I painted him. -vhpenhestse. She powdered her (own) face.
vhpenhkohe na. 1 polar bear.Literally: white-bear. Usage: probably a neologism for this meaning.
See: nhkohe; vhphtse-nhkohe. 2 White Bear. See: Nhkhv'omaestse.
-vhpn vai. have a pale face; have a white (for example, painted for a Sun Dance) face. can be of
someone painted for a Sun Dance. Etymology: O waabiingwe (N). See: -vhpe. -vhpne He has a pale/powdered face.
-vhpnn vai. powder face of s.o. -vhpenenahtse. She's powdering herself. Vhpenonma'e na. White Thunder. -vhpenohe
vai. appear pale. -vhpenohe. He is pale in appearance. Etymology: cf. M wa:penakosew.
-vhpenov vai. Sun Dance paint. The Sun Dance pledgers and dancers are painted. -vhpnva. He's
painting (that is, painting the Sun Dance pledgers and dancers). ts-vhpnvhtse the painter. ts-vhpenovase the painters. See: -hahnhen.
vhpenovahttse ni. Sun Dance paint. -vhpe'o' vai. look with white of eye showing. Culturally indicates that you are angry at the person
you are looking sideways at. -vhpe''o. He's looking sideways and all you see is the whites of his eyes. See: -'o' glare.
Vhpeonhe'e na. White Frog. -vhpeoxa'ohe vai. be (mainly) beaded white. -vhpeoxa'hnstse They (inan.) are mainly beaded
white.
-vhpsan vai. dress in light color. -vhpsne. He's dressed in light colored clothing. fai: -san2. -vhpsts'e vai. have white hair. -vhpsts'e He has white hair. vhpstsv'stse ni. white flowers. for example, daisies.Literally: white-headed-weeds. vhp'hno na. white muslin.Literally: white-cloth. See: tnov'hno; 'hno. -vhpetanev vai. have thrush. -vhpetanva He has "thrush".Literally: (be.)white-tongued. Medial: tanev.
vhpevetsna'vxe'stnesttse ni. white chalk.
vhpev'aa'e vhpevneke
[1979:204]
na. white antelope. Vhpevo'aeho ohkenevo'hotseo'o. White antelope run fast. See: v'aa'e. See: mneke. Usage: rare
na. white bean. Obviative: vhpevonkeho.
as
sg..Pl: vhpevonkeho.
-vhpo vii. whitish or grayish-white, light in color. -vhpo. It is light in color. vai: -vhpahe. See: v'kom white. Etymology: *wa:pe:wi it is white.
-vhpoh vti. whitewash s.t.; lighten s.t. -vhpha. He lightened it. -vhpoh(n) vta. paint s.o. ?? N-vhphno I painted him. [Croft] -vhpo'eesotse vii. blossom; turn white headed (of plants). -vhpo'eesotse. It (for example, plant) is
blossomed out/it has turned white. htse-vhpo'eesotsee'stse men'stse naa ma'xemen'stse nano'stove. When chokecherry and plum bushes are in bloom you can plant.
vhp'stse ni. whiteweed, gromwell, cabbage. vhpo'ha

na. white horse. See: mo'hno'ha. Etymology: *wa:pa'0emwa 'white dog'.Pl: vhpo'hme. Obviative: vhpo'hme.
Vhpo'hme na. White Horse. -vhpma' vai. white painted. esp. for the Sun Dance. See: -vhpn. -vhpm'e. He is painted
white. -vhpoma'eo'o. They are painted white.
-vhpoma'htame ni. salt (poss.). ne-vhpoma'htame your salt. IndepNoun: vhpoma'htse. vhpoma'htse ni. salt. See: ma'oma'htse.Literally: white-dirt. -vhpoma'htseno'e
vii. taste vhpoma'htseveno'e?.
salty.
-vhpoma'htseno'e
It
tastes
salty.Variant: -
Vhpoma'htso'h'e ni. Salt River, Buffalo Creek. Known to whites as Buffalo Creek. It enters the
Cimmeron or Red Fork of the Arkansas River in Oklahoma. It got its Cheyenne name from the large amount of rock salt found near the mouth of this stream.
-vhpoma'htsvan vti. vta. salt s.t./s.o. salt=. See: -s'tovn. -vhpoma'htsvna He salted it. vhpoma'htsvanho He salted him (for example, fish). -vhpoma'htsvane It (or he) is salted. kseeshotame ts-vhpoma'htsvanstse salt pork.
vhpoma'htsve'han'o vi. salt shaker. vhpon- i. strict. vhpone- pv. must; have to; strictly ?? mho'neva-vhpone'etotohevvo'annove you do not have to
repeat words (praying) over and over (1987:232). Reduplicated: vovhpone-.
Vhponeo'koest'e
Dancers.
na. White Skirt. man's name. refers to the white dancing skirt worn by Sun
Vhphe na. White Claw. shortened nickname for a man whose Indian name was Vhphvtse. Noncontracted: Vhphvtse.
Vhphvhtse
vai. Whiteshield, White Claw. See: Ma'hhvhtse. BodyPartMedial: -ohev.
origin
of
family
name
Whiteshield.
Vhpoome ni. White River. river in Sioux country in South Dakota where a group of Cheyennes used
to live; these people now live in the Busby area. The Cheyennes also called the north fork of the Brazos River by this name. See: Vhpoomtanno.
-vhpoome vii. white water. -vhpoome. It's white water. [pd262] fii: -ome. Vhpoomtane na. White River person; Busby person.Pl: Vhpoomtaneo'o. Named for White River
area of South Dakota where these Cheyennes. They settled in the Busby area on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation. came from.
Vhpoomtan'e na. Busby woman. Vhpoomtanno ni. Busby. named for the White River area of South Dakota, where the Busby
district people lived for awhile coming to the Busby area.Literally: white-water(river)-personarea. See: Vhpoomtane White River person.
-vhpoovotht vti. chew s.t. until it is white. for example, hide or a thong. -vhpoovothta. (??) He
chewed it until it was white. [1987:259] Final: -ht.
-vhpovse vai. light hair. -vhpovse. He has light colored hair. BodyPartMedial: -ovs. vht'hoo'htsvhono na. war dance cuffs.Literally: leather-bracelets ??. vht'hoo'tse ni. leather. See: v'ho'vht'hoo'htse).Literally: skin-tanned ??. vhta'se ni. skin. See: vhtne; vhtase. vhtne ni. skin. See: -htsevhtne; vhta'se; ho'eve. m'hkev'netoo'stshhe htshhe he'ht'e
he-vhtne He used to tied his skin up on his forehead. (1987:287). Medial: -o'eev. Etymology: cf. *watehkwe:pyi 'his skin'.Pl: vhtnstse.
Vhtne na. Skin. vhtane-'xanesttse

ni. eyelid. See: -'xan. Usage: may be neologism.Literally: skin-eye-NOM. Pl: vhtane'xanstottse.
vhtse na. flank. meat hanging from bottom of ribs. See: vhtseta'e. AltPl = vhtaso ??Pl: vhtseo'o. Vhtase na. Fat, Leaflard ?? See: vhta'se; vhtse; vhtne. vhtato kidney fat. See: hestsettse. vhtatke flank fat. -voht 1 ni. legging (poss.). animacy switch with -voht 'pair of pants (poss.)'. na-vhto my legging.
na-vhthontse my pair(s) of leggings. ne-vhthontse your pair of leggings (possibly preferred to ne-vhthontse).Variant: ne-vhtoohtse. ne-vhto your single legging (inan.)/your bloomers/pants (single pair; an.). See: hhto; navhto my pair of pants. Etymology: *meta:hsi
legging. 2 na. pair of pants (poss.). na-vhto my pair of pants. na-vhtoho my pairs of pants. ne-vhto your pants. he-vhtoho his pants (obv., either pair or pairs). he-vhthevho their pants. nevhthaneo'o our (incl.) pants. IndepNoun: hohtoho. See: v'e'snhesttse.
-vhtse
sfx. AI conjunct suffix for third person plural subject. See: -vse. mhnmen-vhtse when ('future') they sing. h'man-vhtse whenever they drank. 2 ni. matter scraped off flesh side of a hide. used to thicken pudding. See: vhtase; vhtne; vhtse.
vhtset'e 1 na. Scraped Off Flesh Woman (??).
-vhtha'e ni. hat (poss.). Usage: old male speech. na-vhtha'e my hat. IndepNoun: hhtha'e. V'aa'e na. 1 antelope.Variant: v'kaa'e. Pl: v'aeho. Obviative: v'aeho.
2 Antelope.
V'aa'hmse'aestse vai. Antelope Bowels Moving. V'aa'hnstoohe na. Howling Antelope. V''hnhne'aestse vai. Lame Antelope. origin of placename which was mistranslated as 'Lame
Deer'.
v'aehenmeo'tse ni. antelope song.Variant: v'kaenoonesttse. V'aeho'h'e ni. Lame Deer Creek.Literally: Antelope River. it is said that someone mistranslated the
meaning of the Cheyenne word and the English name 'Lame Deer' has persisted ever since.
-v'aehesan vai. buckskin suit, wear a buckskin outfil. -v'aehesne. He's wearing a buckskin outfit.
fai: -san2.
v'aehesanesttse na. buckskin suit.Literally: antelope-dress-NOM. Pl: v'aehesanstoto (v'aahe??). V'aehevtse na. 1 antelope buckskin.
2 Antelope Buckskin.Variant: v'kaehevtse.
v'aehnoesttse na. buckskin dress. See: hoesttse.Literally: antelope-dress. Variant: v'aenhoesttse. v'aehno'xhto
ni. buckskin legging.Pl: v'aehno'xhthontse. plural refers to a pair or pairs. See: hhto.
v'aenhoesttse na. buckskin dress.Variant: v'aehnoesttse. v'aenhestse'he na. buckskin shirt; antelope shirt. v'aenhemo'keha ni. buckskin shoe. vo'e ni. cloud. Some people may use this for 'sky' but this usage is uncertain; it is more likely that there
never was, at least in recent time, a widely used Cheyenne word for 'sky'. Oblique: vo'va. Etymology: *waxkwiwi. probably no plural used. vii: -vo'eve.
-v'en vta. tear apart s.o. -v'enho. He tore him apart. N-v'no koe'hno. I tore the cloth apart.
[PD1042]
See: -o'xan.
-v'en'o'h vta. tear s.o., split s.o. esp. cloth. -v'en'o'hho. He tore him. See: -o'xa'o'h; -vov's'en;
-p'peen.
vo'stane
na. person; somebody; nobody (when used with a negative). Pl: vo'staneo'o. Obviative: vo'stanho. Vo'stanho sahne'eneheho tsa'e tsxhoo'se. No one knew where she was. (1987:110). "Nstav'eamhtvo vo'stane," mxhetaehevhe nhe tsnshtxetsse ksovaheho. "Don't comply with anyone," they were told by those seven young men. (1987:307). Usage: Use for 'nobody' appears to be a recent development among younger speakers; the preferred term of older speakers is hovnee'e. Etymology: cf. *wa0kit- 'surfacedwelling'.Literally: surface.dwell-person ??. See: vto'sttane; hovnee'e; nev'esstse; vo'staneve.
-vo'stanheve vai. live. Generally refers more to social life whereas -ametann refers to biological
life; this word is only used about people but -ametann is used of any living beings. vo'stanheve. He is living/he is making his living. sa-vo'stanhvhe. He just wanders around; doesn't have his own home (or life); lives with various people. Various lifestyles are described with this stem plus a preverb, such as: phve-vo'stanheve. He lives in a good way. ovna'xae-vo'stanheve. He lives serenely/calmly. -xamae-vo'stanheve. He lives in an ordinary way (that is, he lives as an Indian). ma'hene-vo'stanheve. He is a religious person. xnetame-vo'stanheve. He lives in a filthy way. hanae-vo'stanheve. He lives a respected (lit. heavy) life (for example, the life of someone who is respected, such as a Sundance priest). See: -ametann; -hstanove; -vsstnov; -htnov; -hesta; -vo'staneve; -hoo'e.
-vo'stanhev'ta
vti. live for s.t.; live with reference to s.t. -vo'stanhev'ta He lives 'to' it. Nme'tshpe-vo'stanhev'tanone tshv'ho'htamno'e we should live where it is light (for
example, live righteously).
-vo'stanhev'tov
[1987:309]
vta. live for s.o. See: nhe-; nhov-. ohkeoo'haenhe-vo'stanhev'tovho Ma'heneva He carefully ("followingly") lives for God. Nsav'h-vo'stanheventse! Don't
let it bother you! (lit. you're not alive just for him--so don't let what he did to you bother you).
vo'stanhevesttse ni. life. to'ssaphva'hne ne-vo'stanhevstonane our (incl.) life is not going
to be good (1987:14). [1987:209]
vo'stan-ho'vohktse ni. human meat; human flesh. vo'stanhotame na. monkey.Literally: person-dog. Usage: neologism. See: mkohe. -vo'stanmasstse
voc. people IndepNoun: vo'stane.
(poss.).
na-vo'stanmasstse
my family members (voc.).
-vo'staneme na. person; family member. A chief would call those under his care "my people.". navo'staneme my family member. na-vo'stanemo my family / my people. Na-vo'stanemo nto'sevamheaseohtshoo'o. I'm going to take all of my people away. (1987:14). nevo'stanmaneo'o our (incl.) families. he-vo'stanemo his family/people. Na-vo'stanmasstse! My people! he-vo'stanmevho their people. See: -vohesttse.
Vo'stannhkohe na. Person Bear. See: nhkohe; Hetannhkohe. vo'stanso na. little person. sometimes Cheyennes call children this; might refer to the legendary
midgets in the (Pryor?) mountains.Pl: vo'stansono. Obviative: vo'stansono.
-vo'staneve vai. be a person; live. When used with the meaning of 'live', the sense is different from that of the
related verb, -vo'stanheve, and, of course, of -ametann. With this verb, if one said -vo'staneve, the
statement could be referrring to someone who managed to live through a serious sickness. -vo'staneve. He is a person. See: -vo'stanheve.
-vo'stanveh vta. revive, rescue, save s.o. can refer to saving someone's life, for example, bringing
them out of a coma, or significantly improving their life when it is very much needed, for example, pulling s.o. who is drowning out of a river, or building s.o. a fire when he is cold. used by missionaries and Cheyenne Christians for theological 'save'. -vo'stanvhho. He revived him. N-vo'stanveha. He rescued me. See: -ametan'seh.
-vo'stanveotse
vai. become a person, turn into a person. could be said of a deer or some other animal. -vo'stanveotse. He turned into a person.
-vo'stanvstmne vai. rescue, save, restore life to people. -vo'stanvstmne He saves people. Vo'stanvstmanhe
na. lifegiver; reviver; Savior. Usage: has the meaning of 'Savior' among Christians in the post-missionary period.
vo'stanvetke ni. sweetbreads. a kind of fat.Literally: person-fat. people were told not to eat this. -vo'stanvehn'tov vta. bear s.o. as a person. N-vo'stanvoehn'tova She bore me as a person/I
was born as a person to her ?? ts-vo'stanvoehn'toese when he (for example, Jesus) was born in the flesh.
-v'ee
vii. fringed, cut in strips. -v'ee. It is in strips. -v'nstse. They (inan.) are fringed. [1987:222] vti: -v'ex.
v'vo'khantse ni. fringed moccasins. v'vo'xhto ni. fringy legging. See: hhto.Pl: v'vo'xhthontse. vo'eva ni. in the sky, in the cloud. See: vo'e. -vo'vaeho't vii. be cloudy and hot. -vo'vaeh'ta It is cloudy and hot. Vo'vhtamhnstse na. Walking On Clouds. Vo'vhtostse na. Alights On the Cloud. See: -eee. -vo'vatamno'e vii. look cloudy, cloudy look. -vo'vatamno'e. It looks cloudy / it's cloudy weather.
See: -vo'eve.
-vo'eve vii. be cloudy. -vo'eve It is cloudy. mo'htve-vo'eve. There are black clouds. sa-vo'vhne.
It's not cloudy. IndepNoun: vo'e.
Vo'vho na. Cloud Chief. -vo'vhtse vii. become cloudy. ase-vo'vhtse. It's getting cloudy. -v'ex vti. cut s.t. in strips. for example, to cut buckskin in strips to make string. -v'xa. He cut it in
strips. See: -vov'sax.
-v'ha'ke'e vai. sparkle, glitter. Notes (Phonology) assim s > Variant: -v'ho'ke'e. -v'ha'k'eo'o
hothkeo'o. The stars are sparkling. vii: -v'ho'ks'h.
v'h'se p. a ways away, a ways distant. V'h'se nhhe hk'e nxhto'hovhoneo'o; nhhe
nhthoo'e. Come put up the tepee a ways away from (the rest of the camp); I'll just stay there. [1987:297] See: vhne'e; 'e; khkse; hk'e; h'e.
V'heeshe na. Bald Face. a horse name. -v'he'htan vai. be white-spotted on on the forehead. esp. of a horse. Medial: -'htan. See: -'hta; 'htan. -v'he'htne He (for example, horse) is white-spotted on the forehead.
-v'hne vai. white film over the eyes. -v'hne. He has white film over his eyes. Medial: -ne. -v'hests'e vai. have a round bald spot on the head. -v'hests'e He has a round bald spot on his
head. Notes (Phonology) vs Medial: -hts.
v'ho'-
i. light; shine.Variant: all these forms starting with -v'h... having to do with 'light' have a subdialectal variant lacking the glottal stop after -v.
-v'ho'htamno'e vii. be light (esp. of the environment). -v'ho'htamno'e It (environment) is

light. Notes (Phonology) iah
-v'ho'ho'h vti. shine light on s.t. -v'ho'h'ha. He shined a light on it. V'ho'h'hhtse! Shine a
light on it! Nh-v'ho'h'hhtse! Shine (toward the speaker) a light on it! N'anhev'ho'h'hhtse nemeo'o! Shine a light on it down on your path! [Hymn 69]
-v'ho'ho'heetov'ov vta. enlighten s.o.; give light to s.o. -v'ho'ho'heetov'ovho He gives

him/them light.
-v'ho'ho'hvatamaahe
vai. glorious. glorious.Literally: shining.light-character.
-v'ho'ho'hvatamaahe.
He
is
v'ho'ho'hvatamaahesttse ni. glory.Literally: shining-lightedness. -v'ho'ho'h(n)

vta. shine on s.o. -v'ho'ho'nho. He shined a light on him. Nohkeanhev'ho'ho'hee'e namnva. It shines down on my path.
-v'ho'ho'hv vai. shine light. V'ho'ho'hvhtse! Shine the light! v'ho'ho'hvahttse ni. light (for example, flashlight). -v'ho'ho't vii. give off light. See: -v'net; -v'ho'kas. -v'ho'h'ta It (for example, flashlight) is
giving light (lit. by heat (or flame)).
-v'ho'kas vii. alight, lighted; glow, shine. -v'h'kse. It (for example, lamp) is giving light / the
light is on. This would be an an artificial light. See: -v'ho'ho't; -v'nt.Variant: -v'ho'as.
V'ho'kase na. Light.Variant: Vho'kase. -v'ho'ks'h vii. sparkle, glitter. -v'ho'ks'ha. It's sparkling. Ho'sta h-v'ho'ks'hnse. A light
was shining. [JOURNEY.TXT] tsohkeame-v'ho'kse'ha ambulance (lit., that which flashes as it goes along). vai: -v'ho'ks'e. See: -ameoh'tsan.
-v'ho'ksn vti. turn s.t. (a light) on. -v'ho'ksna. He turned it (light) on. V'ho'ksnhtse! Turn
the light on!Variant: -vho'ksn. Antonym: -no'tovn, -h'tovn.
-v'ho'ksnahn
vai. have a light on. refers to a person having a light on, for example, a lamp burning. s'-v'ho'ksnhne He still has his lights on. Nvone-v'ho'ksnhne I kept the lamp burning all night. See: -ho'hasen. ni. light (for example, electric light); lamp.Variant: vho'ksnhnesttse. See: shkomev'ho'ksnhnesttse; honeanatev'ho'ksnhnesttse.
v'ho'ksnhnesttse
v'ho'ksenesttse ni. light. v'ho'ksnoma'ne

nom'ne. na. firefly.Literally: lighted-fish. Pl: v'ho'ks-nom'ne. Obviative: v'ho'ks-
-v'ho'ksvhomo'he vai. Final: -ohom'he.torch dance. -v'ho'ksvhomo'he He torch danced ?? V'ho'ksvhom'hesttse ni. light dance. Usage: this dance is probably unknown today. -v'ho'ke'e
vai. sparkle, glitter. Notes (Phonology) assim s > Variant: -vho'ke'e; -v'ha'k'e. This seems to be an older pronunciation than -vho'ke'e. -v'ho'ke'e. He's sparkling. v'ho'k'eo'o. They (for example, the stars) are sparkling. vii: -v'ho'ks'h.
v'h'khta na. donkey.Variant: v'h'hta. Pl: v'ho'khthne. Obviative: v'ho'khthne. v'h'hta

na. mule, burro.Variant: v'ho'khta. See: a'evo'ha; a'kevo'ha. Pl: v'ho'hthne. Obviative: v'ho'hthne.
-v'honen vai. teeth missing. -v'honne. He has missing teeth. Medial: -onen. -v'hova'ov vta. avoid s.o., stay distant from s.o. -v'hova'ovho. He avoided him. See: -nhahtsstov. V'hvse na. (man's name). -v'hoveotse vii. loosen, come apart. -v'hoveotse It came apart/loosened. See: -v'hovnaotse. -v'hovostaotse vii. split apart. typically caused by wind. -v'hovostaotse. It split apart. -v'hovnaotse vii. become loose; come apart. for example, of wooden spokes of a wagon wheel
which have shrunk; they need to be soaked in water (-he'kovhoests) to tighten them up. See: -v'hoveotse. -v'honvnaotse It became loose.
v'kaa'e na. 1 antelope.Variant: v'aa'e. Pl: v'kaeho. Obviative: v'kaeho.
2 Antelope.
V'kaa'e hma'aestse na. Red Antelope. V'kaa'e htamemoestse na. Running Antelope. Vo'kaa'e hv'komaestse na. White Antelope. V'kaa'e hvov'haestse vai. Spotted Antelope. v'kaehevaho na. antelope hair. -v'kaehnoon
vai. antelope sing. hne tssta-v'kaehnoonnove, tsxhenove that's (the name), Antelope Singing, as it is said (1987:94).
V'kaeho'h'ksnhva obl. Little Antelope Creek. V'kaehso na. Little Antelope. -v'kaeheve vai. be an antelope. -v'kaeheve He is an antelope. v'kaehevtse
ni. antelope buckskin, hide. See: ho'eve. Nhm'stomevstse tsohkho'nohe v'kaehevottse! Explain to me how hides are tanned!Pl: v'kaehevottse. Variant: v'aehevtse.
v'kaenoonesttse ni. antelope song.Variant: v'aehe-nmeo'tse. -v'keme ni. obsession; addiction. what someone really likes; that's all he thinks about. he-v'keme his
obsession (for example, handgame). Usage: nearly obsolescent.
V'keme na. Old Man Winter; Santa Claus. PD: originally, V'keme was a Cheyenne who froze to
death in a blizzard. V'keme nto'shse'eots'toene. Old man Winter is going to attack us again (= winter is coming; or a winter storm is coming). V'keme 'e'e. Old Man Winter is whistling (= winter wind is whistling). V'keme nstoohe. Old Man Winter is hollering (= winter wind is whistling). V'keme voneoh't'e. Old Man Winter made him get lost (for example, in a winter snowstorm). V'keme hestse'emo mne'vhshmstoehevhe; mvhsho'ooh'tovhevhe. Old Man Winter's wife must have taken off on him again; he's taking her back home (north) again. (said when there is a spring snowstorm or squalls). V'keme nnha'enane. Old Man Winter caught us. V'keme t'ha''tse. Old Man Winter stopped it (my plans).
-v'khtonhma' painted white; white painted. esp. a ceremonial painting. tshoese tsoxaemhev'khtonhoma'vse those who were sitting there were all painted white (1987:28). fai: ma'.
v'(k)om- i. white. -v'komahe vai. be white. -v'komahe He is white.Variant: -v'omahe. v'kome- pv. white. v'komeamke lard (lit. white-grease). -v'komea'e vii. whitish. -v'komea'e. It is whitish in color. v'komeamke ni. lard.Literally: white-grease. 'lard' also pronounced just amke. v'komhone'ko na. sheet.Pl: v'komhon'kono. See: hone'ko. V'kome'hah'e na. White Voice Woman. v'komema'kaata ni. dime, silver.Literally: white-metal. -v'komn na. white faced. V'komn'e na. White Faced Woman.Variant: V'omn'e. -v'komsan vai. dress white. -v'komsne. He's dressed in white. fai: -san2. v'kom'hno na. white cloth; white muslin.Pl: v'kom'hnno. The plural refers to pieces of
white cloth.
-v'kom vii. white. -v'kmo. It is white.Variant: -v'om. Preverb: v'kome-. See: -vhp. -v'komov vai. have white fur. -v'komva He has white fur (or hide). ts-v'komvtse the white
hided one (esp. horse).
-v'konho'he vai. be bleached by the sun. -v'konho'he He (for example, his skeleton) is lying
there white. -v'konho'heo'o They (for example, trees) are dried up (looking white with bark peeled).
v'n- i. light. Etymology: *wa:'sw- (Go88). v'nhenesttse ni. window.Pl: v'nhenstottse. See: -v'net. -v'neohts vii. daybreak. ase-v'nhtse it's daybreaking (lit. starting to get light). -v'neotse vii. become dawn. See: -voneotse. -v'neotse It became light. -v'neov vai. have bay colored hide. esp. of a horse. -v'neva. He is bay colored in his hide. tsv'nvtse a bay (horse).Variant: -v'nevov.
-v'nt vii. light (of the environment). refers to natural light. See: -v'ho'kas; -v'ho'ho't. -v'nto.
It (the environment) is light. sa-v'nethane. It's not light. osee-v'nto. It's really light (for example, you can see people walking around in the moonlight).
v'nevetohko ni. small aluminum pail. used in Sun Dance lodge. See: hetohko. v'nevetoo'o ni. aluminum pail; tin bucket. -v'nvov vai. bay colored in hide. esp. of a horse.Variant: -v'neov. -v'nvva. He (esp. horse) is
bay colored in his hide.
-vo'oh(n) fta. hit s.o. by tool (esp. baseball bat). he'ame-vo'hnho He hit him (the ball) up. mhesevo'hnho. He grandslammed them in (lit. hit them all the way in; probably with vulgar connotation). vone-vo'hnho He hit him (the ball) out of the ballpark (lit. gone-hit).
-vo'hthono v'ome-
na. pants. hetanvo'hthono See: he'vo'xhthono; hohtoho.
man's pants.
he'vo'hthono
women's pants.
pv. white. h-v'ometsheththvensesttse ventse. The tepees were of white design. (1987:316).
V'omheva'se na. White Tail. V'ome'hahe na. White Voice. V'ome'hah'e na. White Voice Woman. v'omemo'ht'ne na. white turnips. -v'omn vai. have a light face. -v'omne He has a light face. V'omn'e na. White Faced Woman.Variant: V'komn'e. -v'omenohe vai. appear white. -v'omeoxa'ohe vii. vai. be beaded white. i.e. have a white background. -v'omeoxa'hnstse They
(inan.) are mainly beaded white.
-v'omsan vai. be dressed in white. -v'omsne He is dressed in white. -v'omsts'e vai. be white headed. -v'omsts'e He is white headed. ts't=vaxaa'eo'o tsohkev'omstsase these bald eagles, who are white-headed (1987:316). Notes (Phonology) vs
V'omvse ni. White Buttes.Literally: white.paint-hill. located near the head of Cannon Ball River,
South Dakota.
-v'om vii. white. -v'mo. It is white.Variant: -v'kom. -v'omoest vai. wear a white dress. See: -voestove; hoesttse. -v'omosta. She is wearing a white
dress. fai: -oest.
-v'omo'xhtahe vai. wear white paints. -v'omo'xhtahe. He's wearing white pants. -v'omma'e vai. white painted. -v'omma'e. ?? He's painted white. -vo'ota ni. choker, necklace. na-vo'ota my choker. IndepNoun: ho'ota. -vo'sen mbp. nipple (of breast). matane-vo'sne ?? He's a policeman (lit. He (has s.t.) on his chest
(breast) nipple). See: -he'evon; -vone ??.
vo'tane ni. cheek.Pl: vo'tantse. Pl: vo'tanottse. Oblique: vo'tantse ( 270). he-vo'tantse his cheeks.
Vo'tanma'hahe na. Cheeks Chum. what Rev. Wenger was often called; see Votanma'hahe. -vo'tanos mbp. cheek. ne-vo'tanshtse He has pain in the cheek. mom'e-vo'tansvose He has
red cheeks from the cold. mom'e-vo'tanse He has red cheeks.
-(v)omotah fta. for; benefactive; substitutive TA final. See: -omotah. Nhoenavomotho. I prayed for
him. Nhotse'he-vomothaene. He worked for us (excl.). nhtanmeo-vomotho I'll sing for him (as substitute).
von- i. remove; gone; erase; disappear. -vonha. He erased it by tool (for example, with an eraser). vonna. He erased it by hand. -von'a. He erased it by foot. -vonetanotse. He has forgotten. -vone. He's lost. Etymology: *wan-.
-voneh vta. shock s.o. N-voneha. He shocked me. This involves surprise, "knocking someone off
their tracks.". See: -heh; -t'omeh.
-vonaet vai. big. Mo'hno'ha -vonata. The horse is big. Usage: od. -vonh'en
vai. burn cooking. N-vonh'ne. I burned up all the food while cooking. does not necessarily mean that the food disappeared, but that it was all wasted by my burning it so badly.
Vonhmhn'e na. Ceremonial Walking Woman. See: -amehn. Vonh'e na. Ceremonial Woman, Medicine Bundle Woman. See: vonhome; vonh'xa'e. Vonh'ks'hhe na. Young Ceremonial Woman. -vonh'xa'ame
na. charm; amulet; sacred medicine; sacred object; sacred bundle; fetish. navonh'xa'ame my charm/amulet/sacred medicine. he-vonh'xa'amo his charm/amulet(s). IndepNoun: vonh'xa'e.Variant: -vonh'xame. See: heseo'tse; v'eeseo'o.
vonh'x'e ni. medicine bundle; charm, amulet, sacred medicine, sacred object, sacred bundle, fetish,
talisman. The hhkha'ome 'Sacred Buffalo Hat (Lodge)' is one of these bundles (1987:98). A
vonh'xa'e is typically a sacred bundle. It is not necessarily an object worn on the body, as an amulet would be. Possessive: -vonh'xa'ame.Pl: vonh'x'stse. See: vonhome; Vonh'e.
-vonh'xame
na. charm; amulet; sacred medicine; sacred object. na-vonh'xame my (sacred) medicine. he-vonh'xamo his (sacred) medicine).Variant: -vonh'a'xame. See: v'ees'o. Final: -ome. See: ma'xevonhome; hoxheome; vonh'xa'e; Vonh'e.
vonhome ni. ceremonial sweat lodge. Usage: perhaps less commonly used than the term maome. -vonho'h vti. burn up s.t.Literally: remove-by.heat. for example, to burn up trash. -vonh'ha. He
burned it. vta: vonho'h(n).
-vonho'he vai. burn up. -vonho'he. He was burned up.Literally: be.destroyed-by.heat. -vonho'h(n)
vta. burn up s.o. -vonho'nho. He burned him up. -vonho'hestse. He burned (to death). Notes (Phonology) Stem-final /h/ is not pronounced when /n/ is present vti: -vonho'h. See: voneoestho'h(n).
-vonho'hov vai. burn up. that is, the act of burning things up. -vonho'hva. He's burning up (for
example, burning weeds). See: -vonho'he.
-vonho't vii. burn up; be destroyed by heat or burning. -vonh'ta. It burned up. -vona' vti. remove s.t. by foot. for example, to erase a footprint. -von'a. He removed it by foot. vta: vona'ov.
-von'eh vta. take in s.o., distract s.o., make s.o. lose their life, snooker s.o. -von'eeho. He took him
in. Nstsev'hemse-vona'ehvo! Don't let (the whiteman) take you in totally! [1987:13] vai: von''e. See: -vona'stsh.
-von''e vai. lost away from home, live elsewhere.Literally: gone-stand. esp. when someone moves
away and stays there, never to return home; they are lost to their roots. -von''e. He is lost (away from home). Notes (Phonology) vs See: -vonee; -n'e.
-von'eests vti. lose s.t. See: -vona''ts; -voneoests. -von'estse. He lost it (for example, by loaning
it to someone who didn't return it).
-vona'stsh
vta. divert s.o., distract s.o., take in s.o. -vona'stseho. He distracted him. Nstsevona'stshvo. (The person coming to you) will distract you (from your way of life). (Sweet
Medicine predicted this about the coming of the white man). (1987:12). -vona'stshaa'e. It diverts him. (for example, alcohol). See: -vona'eh.
-vona'stsh vta. distract s.o. -vona'stshahtse. His mind is elsewhere / he has pacified himself. See: no'htan; -stsa.
-vona'sts'o'h vta. cause s.o. to lost their head. N-vona'sts'o'haa'e. It made me lose my head. (an
idiom).
-vona'hahts vti. throw s.t. so it becomes lost. See: -vonevo'oh(n). -vona'hhtse He threw it and it got
lost.
-vona'haso'he vai. lost riding horse. -vona'haso'he. He got lost riding a horse. -vona'
vii. vai. lost, disappear. Nhe vamhe-vona'oo'o these all disappeared (1987:14). to'sephvo'am'hto to'ssa-vona'hane. All will go well, it will never be lost (1987:104). Final: -a'.
-vona''h vta. misplace s.o.; lose s.o. -vona'o'ho. He misplaced him. -vona''hho. He misplaced
him. (younger speakers). N-vona''ho. I misplaced him. See: -voneoet.
-vona''ts vti. lose s.t. -vona''tse. He lost it. Nmxe'ha tsa'e naa nta-vona''tse. I wrote it down
somewhere and I lost it. See: -von'eests; -voneoests; -vona'eests; -vono''ts.
-vona'ov vta. cause s.o. to be lost; erase s.o. by foot. -vona'ovho. He made him get lost. [pd673] vti: vona'.
-vonan vti. remove, wipe out, annihilate, destroy, take away s.t./s.o. often used to refer to Custer's
outcome at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. See: -nhoh; vone-; -m''tsan; -asetan. -vonna. He did away with it. ma'heo'o va-vonna. God forgave it (the wrong someone had done). vta. -vonanho. He destroyed him. N'se ts'e-vonanse Tshe'sta'he two days after Custer was annihilated (1987:26). Tshe'sta'he Tsh-vonnse Custer Battlefield (lit. where Long Hair was 'wiped out'). -vonanaevho Ho'homo'eo'o. The Siouxs were wiped out (by the soldiers). [1987:44]
-vonnehe vai. shocked. See: -to'omnehe. -vonnehe. He is shocked ; he is in shock. -vonan'o'h vta. splash s.o. in the face. can be done to s.o., esp. a child, to make him come to, behave.
-vonan'o'hho. He splashed him in the face. H-vonan'o'xeha! Splash him in the face! Usage: humorous expression. See: -e'oestoh(n); -e'h(n).
-vonanomev
vta. remove from s.o. See: -vonetan't. Nh-vonanomevemeno nhtvsvne hp'e tshee-vonanomevtse hestvsvvo tshvsvo'ehaetsee'e. Take away (forgive) our sin as we
take away the sin of those who have wronged us. [1987:231]
vonanomthtsesttse ni. forgiveness. Usage: neologism; Bible word. -vonao'

vii. colossal. bigger than 'huge', -hahpe'.Literally: lose.count-size. -vona'o. colossal/"humongous" in size. See: -hahpe'; -ma'hao'; -thpe'.
It's
-vono''ts vti. lift s.t. Mnme'ne-vono''tsehe? Can you lift it? See: -vona''ts. -vonas vta. remove s.o. by cutting. -vonsho He removed him by cutting. vti: -vonax. -vone'e vai. get lost drinking. -vone'e. He went drinking and got lost. fai: -ase'e. vone- pv. disappear; be gone; lose. -vone'hotoehne. He dug a very deep hole. The idiomatic meaning
is derived from something like the following: when something is extremely big one loses count trying to compute its size. -vone-nna. He put it away (and forgot where). -vone-n'ostse. He hid it somewhere and forgot where it is. Initial: von-.
-vone ??
ni. nipple (of breast). ma-vone a breast. na-vontse BodyPartMedial: -vo'sen ??. See: -vonon(?); he'evone.
my nipples.Pl: ma-vontse.
-vonanohts
vti. destroy s.t. to'semhe-vonanhtse. (This person who is coming) will destroy everything. [1987:6:14]
-vonanot vta. destroy with reference to s.o. -vonanotho. He colonized him / forced him to change
his way of life. Nto'se-vonanotavo netao'o hov'he tsmhae/'hkeene'tamse. He (person to come to Cheyennes) is going to destroy for you (pl) everything that you used to depend on. (from Sweet Medicine's prophecy). [1987:6:13]
-vonehn
fai. crawl. See: -voneohe. ame-vonhne He's crawling along. se-vonhne He started to crawl. nma'e-vonhne He crawled around in a circle.
-vonhohts vai. tracks disappear. -vonhhtse his tracks disappeared. Final: -hohts. -vone'hanen vai. take very long time doing something. osee-vone'hanne. He is taking a very long
time doing something. See: -ha'hoht; -tshetanen.
-vone'hoht vai. take very long time. -vone'hhta. He is taking a very long time. See: -ha'hoht. -vone'hohta'han vai. tell a very long story. See: -hhta'han. -vone'hohta'hne He told a long
story.
-vone'hnov vai. talk on and on, talk for a long time. -vone'hnva. He talked on and on. fai: nov.
-vone'hoo'e vai. stay a very long time. -vone'hoo'e. He was there a very long time. See: -ha'hoo'e;
-tne'hoo'e; -hoo'e; -oo'e. Notes (Phonology) vs
-vone'hotoehen
vshen.
vai. dig a very deep hole. -vone'hotoehne. He dug a very deep hole. See: -
-vone'hotoo'e vii. be a very deep hole. See: -ha'hotoo'e. -vone'hotoo'e it's a very deep hole. savone'hotoo'hane it's not a very deep hole. Notes (Phonology) not vs
-von'emt vii. lots of thick bushes. -von'mt. There's lots of thick bushes. -vone'es vii. extremely long; long extremely.Literally: lost-length. -vone'so. It is extremely long. -vone'sta' vai. long hair. -vone'st'e. He has long hair. See: -tshe'sta'; -t'sta'; -ha'sta'. -vone'stxe'ohe vii. be such a long word. -vone'stxe'ohe. It's such a long word. vone'e- pv. for a long time. N-vone'emheeohtsme. We had a long meeting. -vone'eametanne.
He lived a long time. See: he'e-.
-vone'e'han vai. eat for a long time. -vone'e'hna. He took a very long time eating. -vone'hoohe vai. lost flying. -vone'hoohe. He was lost in flight. -vone'oh
vti. erase s.t. tssto'se-vone'stse tshehvsvo'ethvto to erase what I have done sinfully.
-vone'h(n) vta. hide from s.o. N-vone'hno. I hid from him. -vone'hnho. He hid from him. -von'xvaen vta. elude s.o. -von'xvaenho He eluded him. vone'e- pv. for a long time. N-vone'hohtshetanone hne estsesttse. It took up a long time to get
that word. h-vone'ev'hoee'toesesto. (The skunk; obv.) stood there and stared at him for quite some time. [1987:283] Notes (Phonology) short for vone'e-?? See: vone'e-; he'e-.
-vone'xove
vii. be a very long time.Literally: lost.count-time.
time.
See: -he'xve.
-vone'xove
it's a
mighty long
-vonmoht vti. ignore s.t., avoid s.t. -vonmhta. He's avoiding it. Noh-vonmhta. I tried to
ignore it. See: -vonetan't.
-vonema'h vii. smell be gone. See: -ma'h. -vonem'ha. The smell is gone. -vonemohe vai. lost running. -vonemohe. He got lost running. fai: -fai. -vonnahe vai. confused. N-vonnahe. I'm confused. -vonenohts vti. annihilate s.t.; destroy s.t. -vonenhtse He destroyed it. vta: -vonenot. -vonnome vai. lost in sleep. -vonnome. He doesn't know what's going on he's so dead to the world
in his sleep. fai: -nome.
-vonenohe vai. be very many in number; be countless in number. not used in sg. See: -hetanevo'e; vonstoxe. -vonenoheo'o They are a huge crowd/there are so many (for example, people).Literally: lose.count-appear.
-vonenot vta. annihilate s.o., destroy s.o. -vonenotho. He destroyed him. Nstse-vonenotavo He (the
whiteman) will do away with your way of life. [1987:12] vti: -vonenohts; fta: -not. See: -m'senot.
-voneoestho'h(n)
vta. burn; annihilate s.o. by fire. See: -vonho'h(n). -voneoestho'nho He annihilated him instantly by fire/he burned him up (instantly). Notes (Phonology) h not pronounced when n is present vii. disappear by burning. for example, bread while cooking or a house; includes meaning element of 'instantaneous action'. -voneoesth'ta. It burned up.
-voneoestho't
-voneoesta'h vii. wiped out suddenly by wind. -voneoest'ha. It was suddenly removed/wiped out by
wind. [PD1112]
-voneoests vti. lose s.t. See: -vona''ts; -vona'eests. -voneostse He lost it. vta: -voneoet. -voneoet vta. lose s.o. See: -vona''h; -vone'h(n). -voneoetho. He lost him. -voneohe fai. crawl, climb. faster than -vonehn. See: -vonehn. 'hke-e'evoneohesstse She would get
back on (the travois) (1987:26). Nme'taneva-anhevoneohe Let me just get back down! (1987:312).
-voneomeee vai. have something (esp. sickness) removed in a sweat. i.e. get well through taking a
sweath bath. -voneomee He had sickness brushed off in a sweat. -voneomeene They had sickness brushed off in a sweat.
-voneotse vai. vii. disappear; be gone; lost. -voneotse. It (or he) is gone. See: -hov'hne; -hovnee'e; v'neotse.
-voneots'ham vai. lose livestock. -voneots'hme. He lost his horses. Final: -'ham. -vonest vti. remove s.t. by speaking. -vonsta He removed it by speaking. Vonsthav'nehe na. Lost Heart Wolf. -vonstanove vii. vai. way of life disappear. -vonstanove. The (traditional) way of life is gone. evonstanove ohkhevone. "The (esp. traditional) way of life is already gone," they say. [1987:10] sa'emhe-vonstanovhane. The way of life is not all gone yet. vai: -vonstnv; Final: -stanove. See: -vonstnv; -hstanove; -nthvstanove.
-vonstnv vai. way of life disappear; lose way of life be. -vonstnve his way of life disappeared.
nstse-vonstnvme Your (pl) way of life will disappear. (Sweet Medicine prophesied this to Cheyennes.). See: -vonstanove; -vsstnv. Nto'ssa''-vonstnvhmne we are not
actually going to lose our way of life (1987:11).
vonesto p. countless, very many.Literally: lost-count. See: hohesto very many; hesto many. vonstoha p. huge number of, very large number of. Vonstoha tataoheneve. It is hundreds/very many
miles in distance. See: vonostnsto.
-vonsthnehn vai. have very many children. -vonsthnehn She had scads of children. See: hesthnehn.Literally: lost.count.bear.
-vonstoxe
vai. be very large number of. -vonstxeo'o. There are millions/scads of them. Notes (Phonology) only used with plural subjects See: -hestoxe.
Vonstshe na. No Brains. -vonsts'e

vai. be crazy; lose right thinking; think in a helterskelter way. -vonsts'e. He is 'crazy'/he 'lost his head'/he doesn't know he is doing. Medial: -hts. Usage: humorous expression.Literally: lose head. Notes (Phonology) vs vta: -vonstsa'o'h. See: -ononstahe; mshnee'e; -tvahe; -pnahe. vta. befuddle s.o., cause s.o. to be helterskelter in their thinking. Literally: lose-headcause. -vonstsa'o'ho. He made him think in a helterskelter way. V'keme n-vonstsa'o'ha.
-vonstsa''h
Old Man Winter hit me again. (a humorous idiom referring to my mind going helterskelter; maybe I had plans but they are now shot, as if a Spring blizzard had come in and messed things up for me). Usage: humorous expression. vai: -vonsts'e.
-vonee vai. be lost. -vone. He is lost.Literally: lost-lie. V'kso m-vonenhhe. The bird must be
lost. See: -von''e. Etymology: O wanishin (N).
-vonetan vai. forget. See: noose-. -vonetno. He forgot.Literally: be.gone-in.mind. vti: -vonetan'ta. -vonetan'heneve vai. forgetful, be a forgetful person. -vonetan'heneve. He's forgetful.
-vonetan't vti. forget s.t. The original meaning of 'forget' has been extended to mean something like
like the English idea of 'forgive'. See: -nanov. -vonetan'ta. He forgot it. Nta-vonetan'tanone! Let's forget about it! (can be said when forgiveness is taking place). N-vonetan'tomvo tshvsvo'eh'se I forgave him for the bad he did to me. Nsatne-vonetan'the. I can't forget it (for example, something unresolved that keeps coming back to my mind). Vonetan'thtse! Forget about it!
-vonetan'tomov
about him.
vta. forget something about s.o. Nvonetan'tomovo. I have forgotten about that
-vonetan'tov
vta. forget s.o. Antonym: -m'etan'tov. -vonetan'tovho. He forgot him. savonetan'tovhtsstovhane. Always remember each other. (Lit., there is not forgetting each
other.).
-vonetanotse
vai. forget. The suffix -otse gives the idea of quickly forgetting, very close to the English simple verb of 'forget.'. See: -vonetan. N-vonetanotse. I forgot; I lost my train of thought. vti. forget s.t. See: -vonetan't. N-vonetanots'ta. I forgot it. naa h'the nvonetanots'ta h'the tsvhsstmo hstanovesttse and I forgot about this what I'm telling
-vonetanots'ta
about, this life (1987:100).
-vonetanots'tov vta. come to forget s.o. vonetanots'tovho ma'heneva He forgot about God ??
(for example, after he had committed a misdeed). [1987:248]
-vonevo'e'ov vta. chase s.o. until they disappear. -vonevo'e'ovho. He chased him until he disappeared. -vonevo'h(n)
vta. hit s.o. lost. for example, hit a ball (animate) so hard that it is gone from sight. vonevo'hnho. He hit him (animate, ball) out of the ballpark.
-vonvone vii. sound lost, lost sound, sound drowned out. -vonvone. The sound was drowned out. for
example, the sound of a radio being drowned out by louder sounds of children playing.
von- i. lift. -vona'h vta. set s.o. on a high place. -vona'hho. He set him on a high place. -vona''h vta. pick up s.o. off the floor, lift up s.o. N-vona''ho. I lifted him up. -vona''ts vti. lift s.t. -vona''tse. He lifted it. See: -he'aman; -vhnen. -vonan vti. lift s.t., raise s.t. -vonna. He lifted it/he raised it. ohke-vonna heme'ko. He raises his
head. (for example, a stage of baby's growth). See: -vhnen; -he'aman; -vona''ts. vta. lift s.o., raise s.o. -vonanho. He lifted him.
-von' vai. vii. lost floating. -von'o. He/It got lost floating. Final: -'. -vonoeme vii. vai. be priceless. -vonoeme It is priceless.Literally: lose(.count)-valued. -vonose vai. disappear floating (in the air). sta-vonosenhoono They disappeared (1980:60:160). -vonostn vai. lose count. See: -hostn. N-vonostne. I lost count (for example, of how many
grandchildren I have).
vonostnsto p. thousand.Literally: lost-count. See: vonstoha; vonesto. vonostnstva obl. thousand. no'ka vonostnstva 1000 (lit. one 'lost count').Literally: lost count. -vonoh vti. erase s.t. by tool. -vonha He erased it by tool (for example, with an eraser). Initial: von-. -vonhen vai. erase. -vonhne. He erased. See: vonh'o; vonhenesttse. vonhenesttse ni. eraser.Variant: vonh'o. vonh'o
ni. eraser. for example, vonheonoVariant: vonhenesttse.
for
chalkboard.Pl: vonheontse.
AltPl
-vonoh(n) vta. remove s.o. by tool. N-vonhno. I removed him by tool. -vonhha'san
vai. instigate, entice, tempt, dare. -vonhha'sne. He entices people. vta: vonhha'ov. na. tempter. hvsvevonhha'otanevhe
vonhha'otanevhe
See: hevohe.
the Evil Tempter.
[1987:240]
-vonhha'ov vta. entice s.o., tempt s.o., prod s.o., egg on s.o. Does not necessarily imply that the
person tempted gave in; can be prodding s.o. to do something good, but often is for something considered bad. -vonhha'ovho. He enticed him. hvsve-vonhha'ovho. He tempted him (to do something bad). Nphve-vonhha'vo. I enticed him to do something good. vai: vonhha'san. See: -e'tov; -enot; -vonhsem; -hesth'ov; -hhnovem; -xa'e'ov; oxa'e'ov; -stavan.
vonhha'vhtsesttse ni. temptation. This nominalization is built on the reciprocal of the original
TA stem, referring to tempting of one another.
-vonhsem vta. persuade; prod; urge; say sic 'em to; tempt; instigate s.o. the expression hte is
used to tell a dog to "sic 'em". -vonhsemho. He persuaded him/he urged him (for example, said 'siccum' to a dog or applauded someone). Th-vonhsemeha! Go shoo, persuade him! Vonhsemenano! Tell them to hurry up, to go do it! See: -vonhha'ov; -vm.
-vono'hotse vai. lost running, get lost running. -vono'hotse. He got lost running. -von'a' vai. vii. disappear by wind. -von''o. It disappeared from the wind blowing it. -von'em vai. lost in bushes. -von'ma. He was lost in thick bushes. Medial: -'(e). -vono'etame vii. deep water. -vono'etame. It (water) is deep. Usage: said possibly to be a Southern Ch.
term. See: -ho'etame.
vono'me p. centuries ago. See: ttseha; vaveto; hk'e.Literally: lost(.count)-?. vono'om'e p. centuries ago, long, long time ago. vnome- pv. first. xxae-vnomevovehomhtooh'tovevsesto mhtamhaaheho. The old lady cooked
for them first. (JOURNEY.TXT). -vnomenmeneo'o. First they sang. Reduplicated: vovnome-. See: vove-.
-vonomhtahe vai. forget feel. -vonomhtahe. He feels he has forgotten about something. vonomhthesttse -vonon
ni. Pl: vonomhthstottse.
aspirin;
Anacin.Literally: disappear-physical.feeling-NOM.
See: -
mbp. nipple. Nne-vononhtse. (hevononhtse ??) My nipple(s) are sore. he'evon nipple.
-vonnov vai. talk so much that other things going on are not noticed. for example, talk so much
something is forgotten. -vonnva. He talked so much something was forgotten. See: -hnv.
-vonomeoeee vai. annihilated by water. -vonomeoee. He was annihilated by water. fai: -ee. -vonov vii. erased by water. -vonva. It was erased by water. -vonovohts vai. wash away s.t. N-vonvhtse. I washed it away. -vonovot vta. annihilate s.o. by water. N-vonvto. I annihilated him by water. -vonotots't
vti. lose s.t. by mouth. See: -ht; -m. N-vonotots'ta. I had it on the tip of my tongue; I almost thought of it but I lost it. vonan; -he'aman.
-vonvo'h vta. place s.o. in a high place. -vonvo'hho. He placed him/them in high place(s). See: -vonxe'oh vti. erase s.t. -vonxe'ha. He erased it (for example, what was written). Nemhenna
e-vonxe'ohe I've let everything go. It's all been erased (1987:147).
vhe1
na. rabbit.Variant: vhkhe. Usage: not so commonly used today as vhkhe. Etymology: *wa:poswa. Notes (Phonology) sounds like vhe, but vhe is historically expectedPl: voheho. Obviative: voheho. na. morning star. Etymology: cf. M wa:pananah 'morning star'. See: -vona' 'be morning'. ssa'em'hnhesstse vhe before the morning star appeared (1987:206).Variant: vhhve.
vhe2
vohe p. stop! functional command; perhaps borrowed from English. amke nstse'komatsnoho vohe
Fat, I'll take a small bit of you, stop! (Croft 1988:17). Usage: obsolescent ??.
Vhe Ameohtsv'e ?? na. Rabbit Walks Woman. maybe instead: Ve'ameohtsv'e. Vhe htamehtsstse vai. Walking Rabbit.
Vhhv'e na. Morning Star Woman. Simplified Spelling: Vohihiv, Wohihif. Vhhve na. 1 morning star.Variant: vhe. Usage: This pronunciation seems to be more commonly
used than vhe.. 2 Morning Star. the Indian name of Chief Morning Star, also known as Dull Knife.Variant: Vhve.
Vohhevevo'staneo'o
na. Morning Star People. Usage: A recent neologism for the Northern Cheyenne tribe. Some people have desired to apply this name to the tribe. But many Cheyennes say that only a portion of the tribe were part of Morning Star's band. The longtime traditional name of the Cheyennes for themselves is Tstshsthese, or in simpler spelling, Tsitsistas. The editor of this dictionary has never heard this word used for the Cheyenne people. The word Tsitsistas is often heard.. See: Tsitsistas.
Vohm'o na. Morning Star Road. -vohesttse na. relative. na-vohesttse my relative. na-vohestoto my relatives. na-vohestonaneo'o
our (excl.) relatives). na-vohestonasstse my relatives (voc.). na-vohestoto my relatives. hevohestoto his relative(s). vai: -he-vohestove.
Vhve na. Morning Star.Variant: Vhhve. -vht vti. see.s.t. -vhta. He saw it. -vohtantse. He saw them (inanimate). N-vhta. I saw it.
Hnov'e ts-vohtomo? What did you see? sa-vhthe. He did not see it. vta: -vom. Etymology: *wa:pahtamwa ??.
-vohttan't vti. want to see s.t. -vohttan'ta He wants to see it. vta: -vomtan'tov. -voo'se sfx. hortative suffix. vato't-voo'se Let them return (1987:43:46). taasev'hahts-voo'se Let
them be together (1980:59:130). See: ta-; -ha.
-vo'stman vai. show. -vo'stmne He showed. [1987:186] vta: -vo'seh. -vo'stman'tov vta. show with reference to s.o. ?? Nv'e-vo'stman'tvo ma'heo'o I witnessed
for God (lit. God showed through me?). -vo'stmannoto hensono He showed with reference to his child (esp. as when honoring his child in a giveaway).
-vo'stomev vta. show (something) for s.o. -vo'stomevho He showed (it) for him ?? vta: -vo'seh. vo'kooma
na. 1 redheaded woodpecker. translation uncertain.Literally: white(?)-blanket Variant: vo'ooma. Pl: vo'koomaho. Obviative: vo'koomaho. See: k'konh'e; homa. 2 Redheaded Woodpecker. ??.
vo'ooma na. redheaded woodpecker.Variant: vo'kooma. vo'oomhvotnstse ni. hammerhead tailfeathers. part of Sun Dance equipment. -vo'seh vta. show s.t./s.o. to s.o.Literally: cause to see. See: -vo'stomev; -a'evo'seh; -mnoo'seh. vo'shho. He showed it to him. N-vo'sho motke. I showed him the knife. Nvo'shontse mheontse. I showed him the houses. -vo'sehe. It was shown to him/he had a vision. Nh-vo'estse! Show it to me! Nh-vo'ememeno! Show us! Nhth-voo'shaenoto tshkhethom'hetsse. He went to show them (the sagehens) to me, how they were dancing.
[1987:177]
-vo'xn vai. crooked, have a Roman nose. -vo'xne. He has a Roman nose.Literally: crooked-face.
See: -vhko'xn.
Vo'xnhe
na. Roman Nose. can be a horse name. See: Mshvoo'xnhe; mstaevoo'xnhe; Ononevo'xnhe. See: Vhko'xnhe. vomtse. I will see you again. (This loan translation is used frequently as a way of saying good-bye to someone.). Nsathe'e-vomatshe. I have never seen you. (typically said when you haven't seen someone for quite awhile). N-vomatsme. I saw you (plural). N-vome. You saw me. N-voma. He saw me. N-vomane. They saw us (excl.). N-vomaene. They saw us (incl.). N-vom'e. They see me. N-vomne. We (excl.) saw him. N-vomone. We (incl.) saw him. N-vomneo'o. We (incl.) saw them. N-vomae-he? Did he see me? Nvoma. He saw you. N-vomavo. He saw you (plural). N-vmo. I saw him. N-vomoo'o. I saw them. N-vomneo'o. We (excl.) saw them. -vomovo. They saw him/them (obv.). -
-vom vta. 1 see s.o. -vomho. He sees him; he saw him. N-vomtse. I see you. Nstavhse-
vom'e. He/they (obviative) saw him. -vomaevho. He/they (obviative) saw them. Nvomne. I was seen. -vome. He is seen. -vomeo'o. They were seen. N-vomemeno. You saw us. N-vomvoo'o. You (plural) saw them. N-vomme. You (plural) saw me. Nvomvo. You (plural) saw him. vti: -voht. Etymology: *wa:pame:wa he sees him. 2 choose s.o. original meaning 'see' semantically extended to 'choose'. See: -v'hom; mon'tov; -netsem.
-vomtan'tov vta. want to see s.o. 'oseehoheneve-vomtan'tovhevovhe. They really wanted

to hurry up and go see him. [1987:298]
von- i. all night; throughout the night. See: taa'e; taa'va; -ene; mo-. -von'o it's morning. nhvonotse'ohe He worked through the night. -vono'ase It (for example, fire) burned all night. -vonnome He slept all night. Preverb: vone-. Etymology: *wa:panki 'dawn'.
-von ?? mbp. groin. -thovonxe. He fell on his groin area ("saddle fashion"). See: -vhntse ??. -vonh'en vai. cook all night. -vonh'ne. She cooked all night. -vonho'he vai. be feverish all night, cook all night. -vonho'he. He was feverish all night / he
(something animate) was cooked all night. Final: -aho'he.
Vonhtoestse na. Howls All Night. -vonhtohe vai. howl all night. See: -vona'xan. -vonhtohe. He howled all night. vonhtohhe
na. nightingale.Literally: all.night-howler. Obviative: vonhtohheho. See: -nstoohe. Final: -ahtohe.Pl: vonhtohheo'o.
Vona'han'e na. Morning Kills Woman. See: Mona'han'e. -vona'haso'he vai. ride horse all night. -vona'haso'he. He rode horse all night. -vona' vii. morning. -von'o. It is morning. tsh-von'o when it was morning / this morning. mhvon'o when it is morning/in the morning/tomorrow morning. tsx-hsevon'o the next morning. tsh-von'o tshno'kxe'ohe when it was 1 o'clock in the morning. See: von-; mo-.
-vona''ts vti. make an all night of s.t. for example, of a party or dance. -vona''tse. He made an
all night of it.
-vona'xan vai. cry all night. -vona'xne. He cried all night. fai: -a'xan. See: -vonhtohe. -vonno'xe vai. Final: -no'xe.go all night without sleep. -vonno'xe He went without sleep until
morning (for example, he was awake all night).
-vone'e vai. drink all night. -vone'e. He drank all night. fai: -as'e. vone- pv. Initial: von-, mo-.throughout the night; all night. -vonev'ho'ksenhne He kept the lamp
burning all night. -voneamehtse He walked all night. h-vonhotamemshnne' He sang Crazy Dog songs all night (1987:30). -vonhohpotmo It was warm and humid all night. Nvonet'e I kept getting up during the night.
-vonhasen vai. play cards all night. See: -phvhasen. N-vonhasne I played cards all night
(1987:397).
-vone'eme vai. make noise all night. -vone'eme. He made noise all night. fai: -'eme. -vonemohe vai. run all night. -vonemohe. He ran all night. -vonnome vai. sleep all night. -vonnome. He slept all night. Final: -nme. -voneohts1 vii. dawn. See: -vona'. ne'e-vonehtse It's getting daylight. -voneohts2 vai. go all night. Nthse-vonehtse. Again I traveled all night. [Croft] -vone'e vai. stand all night. -vone'e. He (esp. a Sun Dance participant) stood all night (in one
position). Notes (Phonology) vs fai: -.
-vonst vai. holler all night. -vonsta. He hollered all night. Final: -st. Voonsthav'nehe Notes (Phonology) note extra o first morpheme Medial: -hth.Lost Heart Wolf.
na. See: h'nehe; vone-.
-vonstsem vta. drag s.o. all night. nh-vonstsemho. He dragged him all night.
-vonee vai. lie all night. -vone. He lay all night. See: -nvavoonee; -taa'vee. -vonvnne
vai. make noises all night, fart all night. -vonvnne. He made noises all night. typically connotes farting.
-vonvone vii. sound all night. -vonvone. The sound was going all night. -von' vai. vii. float all night. -von'o. He/It floated all night. Final: -'. -vono't vti. awake all night with respect to s.t. esp. with a corpse at a wake. -vono'ta. He was up
all night with respect to it (for example, mavoxtse 'corpse' at wake). -vono'tnvo. They were up all night with it.
-vono'tov vta. stay up all night with s.o., have a wake for s.o. -vono'tovho. He stayed up all night
with him. -vono'tovovo They stayed up all night (with the 'seo'tse' corpse). Naa nhhe mhkevonoehhe, mhe-vono'tovhevhe and he stayed there each night, he stayed with her all night (at the hospital. [1987:162]
-vonhtv vai. sell all night. -vonhtva. He sold all night. See: -hohtv. fai: -ohtv. -vono'hotse vai. travel all night. ta-vono'hotseo'o. They traveled all night. -vono'se vii. fire burn all night. -vono'se. The fire burned all night. -vono'snhne vai. burn fire all night. -vono'snhne. He had the fire going all night. -vono'etahe vai. 1 do something all night.
2 have sex all night. -vono'etahe. He had sex all night. Usage: Euphemism; probably this
figurative meaning is the primary meaning today..
-von'hne vai. travel all night by wagon. -von'hne. He traveled all night by wagon. -von'eohts vai. travel all night by wagon. -von'htse. He traveled all night by wagon. Medial: '(e).
-vonomhtahe vai. be sick all night. N-vonomhtahe. I was sick all night. -vonoo'e vai. be (there) all night; sit all night; be at a wake.Literally: all.night-sit. -vonoo'e. He was
there all night. -vonoeo'o. They had a wake. Notes (Phonology) vs vta: -vono'tov. See: -hoo'e; -vone'e.
-vonoo'e vai. sit up all night at a wake. -vonoo'e. He sat up all night at a wake. -vonoo'koh vii. rain all night. See: -hovhonoo'koh. -vonoo'kho It rained all night. -vonotse'ohe vai. work all night. -vonotse'ohe He worked all night. voo'e ni. hump. forward part of backbone at bottom of neck. -vosan vai. see. -vsne. He sees. vta: -vom; vti: -voht. -voseoneve vai. vii. noticed. for example, when a parent displays his child at a giveaway, for others to
see him; this kind of display typically includes honoring the person seen. -voseoneve. He (or it) is seen. vta: -voseonve'tov. See: -e'hahtseoneve.
-voseonve'tov vta. display; show off s.o. N-voseonventse I'm (bringing him, for example, my
child) to be noticed (typically said when the child is to be honored at a giveaway).
vs- i. hole. See: voxe. -vshne. He dug. -vsha. He dug it by tool. -vsan vai. dig a hole. -vsne. He dug (holes). See: -vshen. -vsxov vai. carve. -vsxva. He's carving. vose
ni. hill, mountain, peak, butte.Pl: vsottse. Oblique: vsva, vsva. Vsottse hevnovevtse ma'heono. The hills (are) the homes of the sacred powers. Vose tsss'eks'ta Pointing Hill (a hill between Rosebud, Montana, and the reservation area). [GHOST.TXT] See: hohose; Nvse; ose; voxe; vxva. Etymology: cf. M wace:w.
-vse sfx. third person plural conjunct suffix. tshnaots-vse when they were sleeping. Vose tsss'eks'ta vii. Pointing Hill. a hill between Rosebud, Montana, and the reservation area. Vose tsxho'a''ta vii. Cut Hill. near Birney.
-vsee'se ni. earring (poss.). na-vsee'se my earring. na-vseesttse my earrings. IndepNoun: hsee'se. -vsm
vta. kiss s.o. -vsemo. He kissed him. -vsmho. (younger speakers' pronunciation). vsmhtseo'o. They kissed each other.Variant: -msm. See: -'kotsen.
-vsmoht vti. kiss s.t. -vsmhta He kissed it. [Croft] -vsmsan vai. kiss (people). -vsmsne. He's kissing people. vta: -vsm. -vseve vii. be a dip. -vseve. It's a dip/hole. -vs
vii. be a hole. can refer to a dip in a road. -vso. It is a hole. vai: -vsan, -vshen; IndepNoun: voxe.
-vsoh vti. dig s.t. -vsha. He dug it with a tool. -vshen vai. dig a hole. -vshne. He dug (holes). See: -vsan. Vshtaxe na. Hollowbreast. translation uncertain; something about a haircut; translated into English
wrongly as Hollowbreast.
-vsoma'o'e vii. be a ditch; be gully ground. See: vose. -vsoma'o'e It is a ditch/it is 'gully' ground. vthno
ni. well; water pump (manual kind); windmill; spring (of water; manmade). See: Vtan'ma'haahe ??.Literally: dug.out-place ??.
vthno tsnma'''ha vii. windmill.Literally: water pump which revolves by wind. -votahe vai. ?? Nsa-vothhe. I'm not merciful. ?? [Croft 1988:17] See: -onetahe; -o'kotahe. vot'- pv. very, extremely. vot'ema'xho'sta a very big furnace (Daniel 3). -vot'hohetonto it's
extremely, extremely, very cold. Nme'ta-vota'eo'xhtsen''ho (vot'?) I could just go over there and split open his mouth (that is, I am so angry I feel like going to him and split his face apart by pulling on both sides of his mouth; this strikes hearers as humorous). Notes (Phonology) possibly contracts to ot'- Contracted: ot'-. See: hohe-; ma'xe-.
-vtanma'o'e vii. be basin; hollowed out shaped ground. -vtanma'o'e It is basin (shaped) ground. voto ni. tailfeather, pin feather, plume.Pl: votnstse. See: mee'e; Netsvto; maahvotnstse. Etymology:
*wa0anyi his (the bird's) tailfeather.
vto'sttane na. surface dweller, person, spirit seeker. an old word for 'person'; today vo'stane is the word
for 'person'. said to refer to someone who dwells on the surface of the earth; possibly listed with this meaning by Grinnell or Petter (??). Meaning uncertain today. Final: tane.Pl: vto'sttaneo'o. See: vo'stane.
Vot'stse na. (man's name). Voton'e na. Tailfeathers Woman. Votonso na. Little Feathers, Little Tailfeathers.Literally: little tailfeather. Votonve'hamhe na. Winged Horses Owner. See: voto. -vtse see -vhtse (AI conjunct suffix third person plural subject). vtse p. just about. See: vtsno. vtse xhtaenha'envhoono. They tried but couldn't hold on to him.
(1987:298). vtse eevato'sevovneotsstse xhetaesesto "Are YOU weakening?" she said to him (Stamper 1991:10). See: to'se-.
-votsn vti. serve s.t./s.o., issue s.t./s.o. the object is the entity which is offered. -votsna. He served it.
(for example, he passed out some inan. food or clothing). -votsnnvo khkonheo'o. They are serving bread. vta. -votseno. He served him. (for example, he passed out some anim. food or clothing). votsnho. He served him (pronunciation of younger speakers). -votsnovo ma'xemeno. They are giving out oranges. Nta-votsnoo'o he'hesono. I dished out the rice. See: /-m/; -hoxot.
vtsno p. right then. Usage: probably vtsno is preferred by most speakers.Variant: vtsno. -votsno'hov vai. serve, issue. -votsno'hva. He served/he issued (for example, commodities)/he
dished out food. See: -hoxot.
Votsno'hva na. Issues Food.
vva'ene ?? ni. some kind of dwelling, like a nice white tepee ?? vov- i. placate. -vovahe vai. appease; placate; please. This refers to someone who goes out of their way to please
others. -vovahe. He appeased. vta: -vovem.
-vovah'tov vta. appease, placate s.o. by talking. -vovah'tovho. He appeased him. See: -voveh; vovem.
-vovahetsstov vta. placate; be kind to s.o. hva (ksovhe) tssta-vovahetsstvse hevkemo like
(a young man) is kind to his mother-in-law (1980:81:29).
-voveh vta. bribe s.o., win favor with s.o. -vovehho. He bribed him. See: -vovem; -voveh. -vovehev vai. bribe, try to win favor. can be used of trying to win a date with a lady with flowers. vovehva. He bribed.
-vovehevvomotah
vta. pay ransom for s.o.; bail out s.o. -vovehevvomothho He paid the ransom for him/he bailed him out? (cf. nvhestno 'I paid for him to get out of jail'; nvananomotho 'I paid his fine'). vta. placate; bribe s.o. by speaking. See: -voveh; -vovahe; -vovah'tov. -vovemho. He placated him (by speaking). voveho. He kept saying his name; he called them by name. Variant: -vovhho. (younger speakers). Nta-vovhone Ma'h'o! Let's praise God! Etymology: cf. F wa:wii-. See: -vovho't; -voveh.
-vovem
-vovh vta. repeatedly call s.o. by name, praise s.o. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -vh. -
-vovhn vai. scarred face. -vovhne. He has a scarred face. [1987:270] BodyPartMedial: -n. -vovhnh(n) vta. scar s.o. in the face. -vovhenehno. He scarred him in the face. N-vovhnhno. I
scarred him in the face.
-vovho't vta. praise s.o.Literally: repeat name of s.o.. by semantic extension, to praise someone, such
as when singing praise to God. -vovho'oto. He sang his name.Variant: -vovho'tho. (younger speakers). Nta-vovho'tone! Let's praise him! Non-reduplicated: -vho't. See: -vovh.
vovhp- i. empty; hollow. Notes (Phonology) redup -vovhpe'est

vai. holes in the ears. -vovhpe'sta. He has holes in his ears. Non-reduplicated: vhpe'est. Notes (Phonology) redup
-vovhpoano't vii. oose. for example, of a flapping tent. -vovhpoan'ta. It (for example, tent) is
loose. Usage: not commonly used today; -vovhpo't is preferred. See: -vovhpo't.
-vovhpoet
vai. hang loose on s.o., baggy on s.o. N-vovhpoto. I have on baggy clothes. vovhpoetho. His clothes (animate; obviate) are baggy. xae'e-vovhpoetho hevhtho. He
pants are already just hanging loose (for example, low on his waist).
-vovhphn vai. guess badly, miss everything. refers to not guessing where the handgame bone is.
-vovhphne. He missed everything/didn't find any (bone). Notes (Phonology) redup fai: -ohn. See: -vhp.
-vovhpo'a'xe vai. flap in the wind. See: -a'xe. -vovhpo'a'xe He (for example, tent canvas) is flapping
(loose?) in the wind. Notes (Phonology) redup
-vovhpo'khan vai. have on loose fitting shoes. -vovhpo'khna his shoes are loose fitting. -vovhpo't vii. fit loosely; loosely fit. -vovhp'ta. It fits loosely. -vovhpotone
vai. hollow eyes, sunken eyes, empty eyesockets. -vovhpotone. He has sunken eyes/he has empty eyesockets (that is, no eyeballs).
-vov'evenestse vai. babble. -vov'evenestse. He is babbling. Notes (Phonology) redup ?? -vov'han vai. eat fast. See: -nontove'han; -nve'hna(?). -vov'hna He is eating fast ?? vov'he- pv. at a trot. -vov'heamehtse He is trotting along. -vov'heohts vai. trot, walk fast. -vov'hehtse. He is walking fast.
-vov'ho'eohts vai. arrive on a trotting team (of horses). -vov'ho'ehtse He arrived on a trotting
team.
-vov'sas vta. quarter s.o.; cut up s.o. -vov'ssho. He quartered him/cut him up (for example, deer;
potatoes). N-vov'ssoo'o. I cut them (an.; for example, rabbits, chickens) to pieces.
-vov'sax vti. cut up s.t., slice up s.t. N-vov'sxa. I cut it up. Vov'sxhtse! Cut it up! Contracted: ov'sax. See: -tshetax; -pex; -v'ex.
-vov'sxomev vta. cut up (something) for s.o. -vov'sxomevho He cut (it; for example, meat) up
into many (for example, bite size) pieces for him (obv).
-vov's'en vta. tear up s.o., rip s.o. into shreds. esp. of tearing cloth into shreads. N-vov's'no. I tore
him into shreads. See: -p'peen; -v'en'o'h.
-vovnseh vta. convince s.o. not to cooperate; unduly influence s.o. -vovnshho. He had undue
influence on him ; he sabotaged his plan. -vovnshahtse. He's playing hard to get / not cooperating with others. for example, doesn't want to associate with anyone else. See: -ha't; htam; -phvtam.
-vovstoem
vta. marry s.o.; sit with s.o. not used with sg. subjects. tavhtxovevovstomhtshevhe. (the Suhtaio and Cheyenne bands) intermarried (1987:101). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -vstoem.
-vovstomev vta. teach. -vovstomevho. He taught him. -vovstomheo'o ka'kneho. The children
are taught. -vovstom'e. He (prox.) was taught by him. vai: -vovstomsan. See: -o'hevm; -vstomev; -vestomev.
-vovstomsan vai. teach. -vovstomsne. He is teaching. tsh-vovstomsnse when he taught.

ts'-ovstomsnse when he taught. Notes (Phonology) often contracted to -ovstomsneVariant: vovstomsen. Contracted: -ovstomsan; vta: -vovstomev. See: -hoonsthtohe; -vstomsan.
vovstomsanhe na. teacher.Pl: vovestomsanheo'o. Obviative: vovstomsanheho. vovstomsanesttse ni. teaching.Variant: vovstomseo'o. -vovstomseo'o na. disciple, taught person. he-vovstomseono his disciples. Usage: commonly used
in the post-missionary period.
vovstomseo'o ni. teaching. Notes (Phonology) vsVariant: vovstomsanesttse. -vovstomseoneve vai. be teachable. -vovstomseoneve He's teachable. -vovtseva'ov vta. try to keep s.o. at home.Variant: -vovtseva'ov. ohke-vovtseva'ovho. She keeps
him by her side (trying to keep him at home with her). See: -vovtsevm.
-vovtsevm vta. be protective of s.o.Variant: -vovtsevm. -vovtsevamo. She is so protective of him.

See: -vovtseva'ov.
vov- i. first; ahead. -vovahaso'he vai. ride horse first. -vovahaso'he. He's in the lead on horseback. -vovahe vai. first, foremost. See: vove-. -vovahe. He is first/he is foremost/he is prior/he is up front. -vovan vti. put first s.t./s.o. Antonym: -hestxan. -vvna. He put it first.
vta. -vovanho. He put him first/he 'regards him as most important'. N-vovno nae'ha I
think more of my son (for example, than of getting remarried) (that is, I put my son first). Nevahe tsvovanhtse? Who are you putting first?
vove- pv. first. vovemav'ho'mhtaa'e first agency (it was at Muddy Creek). N-vovetshsenestse. I
first talked Cheyenne (that is, my first language was Cheyenne). Contracted: ove-. See: vnome; vovenoto.
-vovehn vai. walk first; walk in front. Antonym: -hestxehn. -vovhne He is walking first/he is
walking in front.
Vovhnstse vai. Walksfirst. Vovehehn'e na. Comes Out First Woman. -voveht vta. Final: -eht.be in front of s.o. -vovehoto He is in front of him.
-vove'h vai. fly first. -vov'ha. He was the first one flying. Vove'hhtse vai. Flies First. -vove'hoohe vai. fly first. -vove'hoohe. He was the first one flying. -vovem vta. speak first about s.o. -vovemho. He spoke first about him. -vovemohe vai. run ahead. -vovemohe. He's ahead of the other runners. vovenoto p. firstly.Variant: vovnometo. See: voveto. -voveoh'tov vta. carry s.o. first. N-voveoh'tovoo'o. I carried them first. -voveohts vai. walk first; take the lead; walk in front. -vovehtse. He is walking first/he is walking
in front. See: -vovehn.
-vove'e vai. stand first, stand in front, be boss. -vove'e. He is standing first in line. Contracted: ove'e; Final: /-/. Notes (Phonology) vs
-vovee vai. lie first. -vove. He's the first one lying. -voveem vta. comfort s.o., console s.o. A person would be comforted for a year after a death in the
family. A woman in mourning would wear her hair unbraided. A man in mourning would cut his hair short. -voveemho. He comforted him. See: -neve.
-voveemstaha vai. compassionate. -voveemstaha. He is compassionate. Medial: -hth. -voveemsthn

vta. comfort s.o. ma'heo'o -voveemsthana God comforted me. Usage: This form might be more of a neologism than -voveem.. Medial: -hth.Literally: comfort-heartFTI. Usage: neologism?.Literally: comfort-heart-INTRANS.
-voveemsthnov vai. comfort. -voveemsthnva He comforts. Medial: -hth; Final: -ov. voveto p. first. See: vovnometo; vove-. -vovetsheta' -vovvtan
vti. do s.t. first. Vovetshet'htse! First do it! / Use the clutch! See: -tsheta'; hsetsheta'. vai. want to be first. -vovvtno. He wants to be first. this attitude is culturally
shunned.
vvhe- i. renew. See: vvhet-. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: vhe- ??. vvhee- pv. renewed, anew. ne'vama'xhse-vvheeasem'sta She really started to explain it over
again (1987:10). Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: vhee-.
-vvheetan vai. think over again. N-vvheetno. I'm thinking over again. Usage: obsolescing. vvhet- i. renew. See: vvhe-. Notes (Phonology) redup -vvhethtsenotse vai. prepare mouth before speaking. for example, by moving or licking lips. vvhethtsenotse He prepared his lips before speaking. [PD1102]
-vvhetan vti. renew s.t. -vvhetna. He did it over again. Maahtse -vvhetannstse. The Sacred
Arrows are renewed (after being stained or bloodied when a Cheyenne commits murder). vta. -vvhetanho. He renewed him. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -vhetan. See: hootn.
-vovhkahe vai. crooked; dishonest. -vovhkahe. He is crooked. -vovhkheo'o namo'kono. My

fingers are crooked. Usage: probably a loan translation when used of being crooked as a personality characteristic. Synonym: -nmahe. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: -vhkahe; Antonym: -xanovahe.
-vovhka'no'ham
vai. drive weaving. -vovhka'no'hme. He's weaving as he drives (that is, drives back and forth on the road). See: -vovhkeohts. vhkan.
-vovhkan vti. vta. make s.t./s.o. crooked. -vovhkanho. He made him crooked. Non-reduplicated: -vovhkax vti. cut s.t. crooked. -vovhkxa. He cut it crooked. Antonym: -xanovax. vovhke- pv. crooked. -vovhkeamehtse He's walked crookedly.
-vovhkhhtse vai. crooked tracks. -vovhkhhtse. His tracks are crooked. -vovhkeht vai. have crooked leg(s) ?? See: -vovhketseon. -vovhkehta He has a crooked leg. -vovhkeohts vai. weave, go along crooked. -vovhkehtse. He's weaving as he goes along. (for
example, as he drives). See: -vovhka'no'ham.
Vovhkeo'h'e ni. Crooked Creek. Its head is in Kansas about 25 miles southwest of Fort Dodge
(Dodge City) and enters the Cimmeron River in Oklahoma.
-vovhkeotse vii. vai. crooked, winding, curvy. esp. of a road. -vovhkeotse. It is curvy. -vovhketseon vai. bowlegged. -vovhketsena. He is bowlegged. Notes (Phonology) redup -vovhk
vii. crooked. -vovhko. He's crooked. Antonym: -xanov. Notes (Phonology) redup Nonreduplicated: -vhk.
-vovhko'hotse vai. run crooked. -vovhko'hotse. He ran crooked. -vovhko'etahe vai. do crooked things. -vovhko'etahe. He's doing crooked things. -vovhkonean
vti. vta. fence s.t./s.o. crooked. Antonym: -xanovonean. -vovhkoneane it's fenced crooked; the fence is crooked.
-vovhkoneneehe vai. crooked ropelike. -vovhkoneneehe. He (ropelike) is crooked. Medial: n. Vovhkoneohom'hesttse ni. Weaving Dance. dancers weaver around like snakes. Final: -ohom'he. -vovhnheh vta. take care of s.o. See: -phve'tov. -vovhnheeho. He took care of him.Variant: vovhnhehho. (younger speakers). Vovhnheeha! Bless him (lit. take care of him)!
-vovhnhe'tov
vta. take care of s.o. -vovhnhe'tovho. He "blessed" him. Usage: less commonly used than -vovhnheh.Variant: -vovhnheh.
-vovhnhestoman vai. take care of. tsheeohke-vovhnhestomnse how (God) takes care (of
us) (1987:199).
-vovhnhestse
vti. take care of s.o. -vovhnhestse He took care of it/he cared for it. vta: vovhnheh.
-vovhnheevaen vta. take care of s.o. quickly. -vovhnheevaenho. He quickly took care of
him.
-vovhnhetan'tov vta. want to take care of s.o. -vovhnhetan'tovho. He wants to take care
of him. Synonym: -vovhnhehatan'tov.
vovhpe-
[1987:42]
pv. white; light (in color). tee-vovhpeneve. (en?) There are white sandrocks. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: vhpe-.
-vovhponahe
vai. exacting, particular, perfectionist. -vovhponahe. He is exacting. Contracted: ovhponahe. See: -onetan particular.
-vovhpona'san vai. exactinly question; be nosey. -vovhpona'sne He questioned in a nosey

way.
-vovhpona'ov vta. question s.o. repeatedly, interrogate s.o. -vovhpona'ovho. He kept questioning
him. See: -nhtsstov.
vovhpone-
pv. exactingly; carefully; strictly; must; have to. N-vovhponemhehne'enantse hoenhtottse. I had to memorize all the prayers. Hov'he h'mtsvhtse ohkevovhponevamao'o. When they (esp. whites) receive something they try to give back right away. Tsa'e sa-vovhponhonovhane hva vsva naa mato tsa'e mhene. You don't have
to strictly sit there somewhere, like on a (certain) mountain or in a (certain) house (to pray). (1987:232-233). Nto'se-vovhponenanomhta I have to pay for it. N-vovhponenhto That is exactly what I said to him. Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: vhpone-.
-vovhponetan vai. be exacting in thought. Nohke-vovhponetno I think in an exacting way. -vovhpono'ahe

vai. vti. exactingly want (s.t.). See: -ho'ahe. N-vovhpono'ahe I want only it (for
example, meat).
-vovhpono'etahe vai. strictly do something, do something exactly in the right way as expected. vovhpono'etheo'o. They have to do it exactly right.
-vov'ho'hahe
vai. voice jump up in pitch. -vov'ho'hahe. His voice jumped up in pitch. for example, as the voice of an adolescent boy does.
vov'h- i. spotted (white). -vov'has vai. be a pinto (horse). -vov'hse. He's a pinto. Hestotseho -v'hasho. His horse (lit. pet)
is a pinto.
-vov'has'ham vai. have spotted horses. N-vov'has'hme. I have spotted horses. Vov'has'hamhe na. Spotted Horse. vov'h'se p. spaced apart, at intervals. Vov'h'se nenhne! Stand (pl) spaced apart! (1980:7).
Notes (Phonology) redup Non-reduplicated: v'h'se.
-vov'ho'ks'h vii. flash repeatedly, light blink, lightning flash. -vov'ho'ks'ha. It (for example,
lightning) flashed / the light blinked. ne'ame-vov'ho's'ha. Lightning is approaching. See: ho'tseotse.
vvo'k- i. naked, nude. -vvo'kahe vai. naked. -vvo'kahe. He is naked. me'hkeva-vvo'khstove. You can just be naked
again (for example, just wear a breechcloth)! (This could be said humorously to a young man who is trying to be traditional.).
-vvo'ka'h vta. denude s.o., undress s.o., cause s.o. to be naked. See: -n'ssann 'undress s.o.'. nhe'e
h-vvo'ka'o'hahtshoo'o (ts')t=h'e Then this woman took her clothes off. (Croft 1988:29:10).
-vvo'kan vta. denude s.o., undress s.o., cause s.o. to be naked. Mstavse-vvo'kanhtshhe. (The
whiteman) also undressed himself (got himself naked). (Croft 1988:20:5). n'ssann undress s.o..
See: -
vvo'ke- pv. naked. -vvo'keamehtse. He's walking naked. -vvo'kenohe vai. appear naked. -vvo'kenohe. He appears naked/he looks naked. can be said of
someone not wearing their glasses.
-vvo'kenohee'e vai. sit looking naked. -vvo'kenohee'e. He's sitting looking naked. -vvo'kee vai. sleep naked, lie naked. -vvo'ke. He's sleeping naked / he's lying there naked. -vvo'ko'hotse vai. run naked. -vvo'ko'hotse. He ran naked. -vvo'koo'e vai. sit naked. -vvo'koo'e. He's sitting naked.Variant: -vvo'oo'e. -vvo'kov vai. skinny dip. -vvo'kva. He's skinny dipping. -vvo'oo'e vai. sit naked. -vvo'oo'e. He's sitting naked.Variant: -vvo'koo'e. vovn- i. incapable, surrender. -vovnahe
vai. inexperienced, give in easily. See: -vovnan. -vovnahe. He is inexperienced. Moss'hohe-vovnhehevhe. (The coyote pup; obv.) was still very young (couldn't fend for
himself). [1987:300]
-vovna'o'h vta. defeat; take advantage of; beat s.o. refers to fighting, not a sports game. (??). See: h'th(n). -vovna'o'hho. He defeated him. Nohke-vovna'o'haa'e. It (for example, fear of
the dark) defeats me.
-vovnan vti. control s.t., defeat s.t., beat s.t., win over s.t. -vovnna. He controlled it/he won over it.
-vovnna v'ho'mahpe. He he defeated the alcohol. vta. control s.o., defeat s.o., beat s.o., win over s.o. -vovnanho. He defeated him. ohkemhae-vovnanaa'e v'ho'emahpe. Alcohol used to control him. (that is, he couldn't help himself). Synonym: -h'tah(n). See: -vovnahe.
-vovnane vai. defeated. -vovnaneo'o. They were defeated. vta: -vovnan. -vovnanov vai. victorious; win. -vovnanva. He is victorious. -vovnem vta. speak about s.o. that is weak. -vovnemho. He spoke about him that he is weak. -vovne'e vai. stand surrendered. -vovne'e. He is standing surrendered.
-vovneotse vai. surrender; break down; give up. can refer to surrender in warfare, but can also refer to
breaking down, as when someone cries, losing their composure. -vovneotse. He surrendered. Mxho'nto'se-vovneotsstse. He was not going to surrender. [Stamper 1991:8] See: nhnetameotse.
-vovneots'tov vta. surrender to s.o. -vovneots'tovho He surrendered to him/he gave in to him. -vovnetan vai. plead for forgiveness; beg to return. -vovnetno. He was pleading to return. esp. of
a man who wants his wife to take him back.
vovnome-
pv. first of all. See: vove-. xxamae-vovnomx'xoeoh'ovsesto He just first of all smashed (the mouse) with his feet. (Croft 1988:22:18). Notes (Phonology) redup Nonreduplicated: vnome-.
vovnometo p. first of all.Variant: vovenoto. See: vove-; vnome-. -vovoem vta. value s.o. as being first. See: vove-; -vhonoem; -hna'oem. vse-vovoeme. He's a first
officer. (esp. of a Cheyenne committee). fta: -oem.
-vovo'hotse vai. run first. -vovo'hotse. He's the first in the race. Na'stse m=mhtamhahe
m'hke-vovo'hotshhe. One old lady ran (out) first. (1987:248). fai: -o'hotse.
-vovo'xe vai. first one carrying on back. -vovo'xe. He's the first one carrying something on the back. -vovoxe'ohe vii. first written down. ts-vovoxe'ohe that which is the first thing written down (for
example, the first thing on the page). Antonym: -ho'xxe'ohe.
-vovsax vti. carve s.t., cut s.t. curvely. -vovsxa. He carved it. Synonym: -vov'sax. See: -vovsxov;
-vsxov.
-vovsxov
vai. carve. -vovsxva He carves (lit. digs in wood?). Notes (Phonology) redup Nonreduplicated: -vsxov. colored.
Vvottse Ts'onethvho'hee'stse vii. Easter. See: onthve-.Literally: when eggs are different vovtse ni. 1 ni. egg. Etymology: *wa:walwali 'eggs'.Pl: vvottse.
2 na. Egg.
Vvotsee
Easter.Literally: egg-day. Variant: Vvottse Ts'onthvho'hee'stse (lit. when eggs are different colors-boiled?).
vta. try to keep s.o. at home.Variant: -vovtseva'ov. Usage: This is the more common pronunciation.. ohke-vovtseva'ovho. She keeps him by her side (trying to keep him at home with her). See: -vovtsevvam.
Vvotsso na. Little Egg. vovtseva'ov
-vovtsevm vta. be protective of s.o.; make s.o. stay home.Variant: -vovtsevm. Usage: This is the
more common pronunciation..Variant: -vovtsevm. -vovtsevamo. She is so protective of him; she makes him stay home. See: -vovtseva'ov.
-vovtsevvam vta. Final: -vm (vam??).urge to stay s.o. -vovtsevvamho He urged him to stay (for
example, stay inside; home; 'stick around'; etc.). See: -vovtseva'ov.Variant: -vovtsevvam.
vvxe
p. sarcastic exclamation: it's his own fault. vvxe hevenheenoneha me'hkhseameehe Good for him and his songs! He should be traveling some more! (1987:30).
-vov... these sequences often contract to -ov... vovstomsanhe teacher. contracted: ovstomsanhe
teacher.
voxe ni. hole; den; cave. for example, residence of a bear or snake. can be used to refer to the anus or
vagina. Possessive: -htsevoxe. Etymology: *wa:i.Pl: vxstse. Oblique: vxva. Mma'xhoehhe he-vxva. He's deep in debt (lit. he is a lot in the hole, a loan translation from English). vai: vsan. See: -vshen; vose.
-vxeo'o na. sock (poss.). na-vxeono my socks. IndepNoun: hox'o. -vxeve vii. be a cave; den; hole. vxva msteveese=ta'se=vxevhanhe there were several cavepitted indentations (1987:42). IndepNoun: voxe.
voxtse ni. body; flesh. Usage: obsolescing. apparently not used of the dead corpse of a person, such as
one lying in a coffin; instead, it is said that one would just refer to that corpse by the name the person had while alive. he-voxtse his body/physical corpse. ma-voxtse a body (for example, corpse). vxotsva in (or on etc.) the body. na-vxotantse our bodies.Pl: vxottse. See: so'tse.
X-x
x- pv. past tense. allomorph of /h/ 'past tense' before /h/. x-ho'seo'o. They danced. See: h- past tense. -xaa'e vai. urinate, pee. -xaa'e. He urinated. Notes (Phonology) vs vti: -xaest. See: -eahe urinate a
lot; -eetanotse feel like urinating; -nha'en. Etymology: *ekiwa.
xa'e
na. weasel. Xaeho ohkemkanheo'o manva naa ohkev'omheo'o anva. Weasels are brown in summer and they are white in winter. [1979:204] Notes (Phonology) apoc; vs AltPl = xaeo'oPl: xaeho. Obviative: xaeho. See: na'e; naene; hohkeveho. Etymology: *enkwehsa.
Xa'hv'komaestse na. White Ermine, White Weasel. xaepv. simply; ordinary; plain; regular; xaevo'staneo'o (var. of xamaevo'staneo'o) Indians (lit. ordinary-people). Nsa-xaehne'enhe I simply do not know. Notes (Phonology) probably a contraction of xamae-, but the two terms have slightly different ranges of semantic usage
Xaeh'e Weasel Woman. Xaehnhkohe na. Weasel Bear. Xaehtane na. Hopi.Literally: weasel-person. Pl: Xaehtaneo'o. xema na. boil. Notes (Phonology) iah Etymology: cf. M sae:kemyah.Pl: xaemaho. Obviative: xaemaho. -xamn vai. smiley face, face smile. -xamne. He has a smiley face. -xamn' vai. smile. -xamn'o. He's smiling. See: -hohtsn'. -xameneots'tov vta. smile at s.o. can be used of flirting with someone. N-xameneots'tova. He
smiled at me. vai: -xamne.
-xamnee vai. smile while sleeping. -xamne. He smiling in his sleep. xaenoo'tse ni. bladder. See: Mhtamhah-xaenoo'tse. Notes (Phonology) vs vai: -xaa'e.Pl: xaenoottse. -xae'e vai. urinate standing, stand urinating. -xae'e. He's standing urinating. -xaest vti. urinate on s.t. Etymology: cf. M seke:tam. oekso mxhxasto neventse he'poo'o When a
dog urinates against your tent just smoke! (instruction to a new chief, meaning "When someone does something bad to you, even as bad as stealing your wife, stay calm, don't take revenge."). thtoo'-ma'ene ohkema'x-xaestnvo ka'kneho Children pee on prairie turtles a lot. vta: xaet.
-xaesto'onohts
vai. have a dry throat (??). N-xaesto'onhtse. I have a dry throat (said after eating tart berries). ?? See: -stoo'e.
-xastoo'onotse vai. glands water.Literally: urinate-jaw-INCH. -xastoo'onotse. His jaw glands are
watering. This happens, for example, when eating something sour. BodyPartMedial: -stoo'on; Stem: -stoo'o.
-xaee vai. urinate in bed.Literally: urinate-lie. -xae. He urinated in bed. See: -enome. -xaet vta. urinate on s.o. -xaetho. He urinated on him. vti: -xaest. -xaetan vai. want to urinate. -xaetno. He wants to urinate. [PD] -xevanohts vai. noisily walk. -xvnhtse. He's walking noisily. Xvnhtsstse na. Noisy Walker. See: Nstnvhtsstse. xaevetoo'o ni. commode; pee pot.
xaevo'stane na. Indian. Usage: less common than xamaevo'staneo'o.Literally: ordinary-person. xhkema na. mudhen. possibly the coot or grebe.Pl: xhkemaho. Usage: obsolescing; this pronunciation
was more common than mhkema in the past..Variant: mhkema. Obviative: xhkemaho. Etymology: *enki'm(ehs)a waterhen, grebe (Pe79:379); cf. M sekeemeh diver duck.
-x'xae'pa'onh(n)
vta. massage back of s.o. -x'xae'pa'onahno. He massaged his back. BodyPartMedial: -'pa'on. vta. massage s.o. -x'xaenho. He massaged him.
-x'xaen vti. massage s.t. -x'xana. He massaged it. -x'xanoh vti. crush s.t. by tool. -x'xanha. He crushed it by tool. Etymology: cf. *ekw-; redup.
e'ekw- 'crush, grind'.
-x'xanht vti. chew s.t. -x'xanhta. He chewed it. X'xanhthtse! Chew it! -x'xanhta'ov vta. crush s.o. by stomping. See: -x'xoeoh'ov. ts'em's-x'xanhta'ovse after he
got through stomping them.
-x'xanom vta. vta. chew s.o. -x'xanomho. He chewed him. N-x'xnmo. I chewed him. fta: -om.
2 vta. gossip about s.o.
-xa'xoeotse vai. vii. deflated. -xa'xoeotse. It's deflated. -xa'xoee vai. duck down, crouch down. for example, lowering oneself in a car so as not to be seen by
others outside. -xa'xoe. He's ducking down.
-xamaa''o'tov vta. bow head to s.o. for example, a sign of worship or respect in some cultures. xamaa''o'tovho. He bowed his head to him. See: -to''ee'tov.
xamae- pv. ordinary; simple; simply; prototypical; natural; common. As a prenoun, this modifier marks
terms which are culturally prototypical, or the unmarked species, for example xamae-hoohtsstse, xamaekhkonheo'o, xamae-vo'stane, xamae-vee'e. xamae-vo'staneo'o Indians (lit. ordinary-people). xamae-hoohtsstse cottonwood tree. N-xamaemsehe. I ate simple/I ate in the Indian fashion/I ate without fuss or bother (for example, without fancy manners). Notes (Phonology) contracted to xae-
xamaehoohtsstse
na. cottonwood. Usage: commonly used term.Literally: ordinary-tree. possibly omission of the prototype prenoun xamae- can also refer to the cottonwood. See: hoohtsstse.Pl: xamaehohtseto. Obviative: xamaehohtseto. ni. ordinary firewood, cottonwood branches.Literally: ordinary sticks. for example, ash or cottonwood, but not pine. See: khmxe.
xamaekhmxstse
xamaekhkonheo'o ni. Indian oven bread. xamae'oekse na. Indian dog.Literally: ordinary-dog. See: oekse. xamaemhaementse ni. Indian corn. xamaem'ko ni. hand-tanned leather. See: m'ko. xamaemo''stse ni. blue joint grass. xamaeoekso na. Indian dog, mutt. proper kind for eating at the Sun Dance.Pl: xamaeoekseho. xamaesmo ni. canoe.Literally: ordinary-boat. Pl: xamaesmontse. xamae'enovtse na. rattlesnake. xamaevn'stse ni. native sage. xamaevee'e ni. tepee. See: vee'e; kseome; v'ho'ome.Literally: ordinary-dwelling. xamaev'kse
na. sparrow. meaning of 'sparrow' not widely known.Literally: ordinary-bird-DIM. Variant: xamaev'kso. Pl: xamaev'kseho. Obviative: xamaev'kseho.
xamaev'kso na. sparrow. meaning of 'sparrow' not widely known.Variant: xamaev'kse. xamaevo'stane na. Indian. See: -tshstahe.Literally: ordinary-person. Usage: less commonly shortened
to xaevo'stane (said by some to be of the Southern Chey. dialect, however, both the longer and shorter forms are found in texts from Oklahoma.Pl: xamaevo'staneo'o.
-xama'a''e vai. stand with bowed head. -xama'a''e. He stood with bowed head. -xannot vta. calm s.o. -xannotho. He calmed him down. (for example, by holding him tightly
when he was angry). See: ovna'xae-.
-xanotse vai. calm down. -xanotse. He calmed down. M'-xanootshhe. He was starting to see
reason. [Stamper 1991:8] See: -mseeotse.
-xanhpahe
vai. be steadfast; stubborn ?? -xanhpahe He is steadfast/he is stubborn/he 'can't be
budged'.
xanhpe- pv. scoop-shaped. xanhpe-mnhe'heo'o shovel. xanhpe-mnhe'heo'o ni. spade; shovel. xanhpe- has something to do with being 'scoop-shaped'.
See: mnhe'hestatseo'o; -mnhen. Notes (Phonology) vs
xanov- i. straight. See: ono'-. -xanovahe vai. 1 be straight.

2 be honest; righteous; well-respected; proper. Usage: fig.; may be loan transl. from English. -xanovahe. He is straight; upright. See: -ono'ahe proper. Antonym: -vovhkahe.
-xanova'haso'he vai. ride horse straight. -xanova'haso'he. He rode horse straight. -xanova' vai. vii. shoot straight, jump straight. -xanov'o. It shot straight. Final: -a'. -xanovan vti. straighten s.t. -xanovna He straightened it.
vta. straighten s.o. -xanovanho. He straightened him.
-xanovtam
vta. regard s.o. as being straight. -xanovtamho. He regards him as being straight (righteous etc.).
-xanovax vti. cut s.t. straight. -xanovxa. He cut it straight. Antonym: -vovhkax. xanove- pv. straight. See: shkome-. -xanoveamehtse. He's walking straight. -xanovehn vai. walk straight. -xanovhne He walked straight. [Croft] -xanove'h vai. fly straight. -xanov'ha. He flew straight. -xanove'hoohe vai. fly straight. -xanove'hoohe. He flew straight. -xanove'e vai. stand straight. Notes (Phonology) vs -xanove'e. He's standing straight. -xanoveotse vii. vai. be straight. -xanoveotse It (or he?) is straight (for example, a road). -xanovee vai. lie straight. -xanove. He's lying straight. -xanovem vta. lay s.o. straight. -xanovemho. He lay him/them straight. for example, to lay tepee
poles straight on the ground.
-xanovetvsen vta. part hair of s.o. straight. N-xanovetvsno. I parted his hair straight. See: -tvas. -xanovevo'oh(n) vta. hit s.o. straight. -xanovevo'hnho. He hit/knocked him straight. -xanov vii. straight. -xanvo. It is straight. Antonym: -vovhk. See: -on'. -xanov' vai. vii. float straight. -xanov'o. He/It floated straight. Final: -'. -xanovo'hotse vai. run straight. -xanovo'hotse. He ran straight. fai: -o'hotse. -xanovo'etahe vai. do (something) straight; do right. -xanovo'etahe. He did (something) straight/he
lives straight. fai: -o'etahe.
-xanovo't vii. sit straight. -xanov'ta. It is sitting straight. -xanovnean vti. vta. make s.t./s.o. straight. of a rope or fence. -xanovneane. It's a straight fence; it's
been fenced straight. Antonym: -vovhkonean.
xaemata'xevoto
na. onions; wild onion(s).Literally: skunk-testicles. See: xaenhsthvo onion; ta'xevtse testicle.
-xaema'h vii. smell of skunk, onion. -xaem'ha. It smells of skunks/onions. -xaema'xe vai. 1 smell of skunk; smell of onion. -xaema'xe. He smells of onion (or skunk).
2 -xaema'xeo'o. They were "skunked.". that is, didn't get any points, esp. in handgame. Usage: loan transl. from English.
Xaemh'e Skunk Smell Woman. Obviative: Xaemhe'eva. xaenhsthvo na. onion, onions. including wild onion. See: xaemata'xevoto. -xaeva' vai. skunked, take a chance and lose. probably borrowed from English. -xav'o. He took
a chance and lost.
xahkso na. 1 little skunk.Pl: xahksono. Obviative: xahksono; Non-diminutive: x'o.

2 Little Skunk.
-xahkevxe'
vai. be yellow painted. face.Literally: skunk-painted.
-xahkevx'e.
He
is
yellow-painted
on
his
x'o na. 1 skunk. Holliman Spelling: khao o.Pl: xane. Obviative: xane; Diminutive: xahkso. Etymology:
*eka:kwa skunk; eka:kwaki skunks (Go88). 2 treeskunk. a vertical victory structure usually made of pieces of ash; treeskunk.
-xe
fai. lie. Noo'hetann-xe I'm thinking lying down. hn-xe He's praying lying down. Notes (Phonology) allomorph of /-(e)en/ 'lie' following back vowels -a or -o
xe'stoo'o ni. paper, book. younger speaker pronunciation of mxe'stoo'o.Variant: mxe'stoo'o. xhono na. webbed hoop. for a traditional Cheyenne game. See: -ahkheohts; h'xsme; hhtsme. xo'- i. salve (put on). xo'an'o ni. salve. Notes (Phonology) vs; grVariant: xo'en'o. Pl: xo'anontse. -x' mbp. genital area; crotch. -mtx'e. He (or she) has VD. See: -s'. Xo'hhe na. Raw Woman. See: -ho'e. -xo'he'onn vta. put salve to hand of s.o. -xo'he'onano. He put salve on his (someone else's) hand. -xo'ematsn vta. salve eyes of s.o. -xo'ematsnahtse. He put salve on his own eyes. xo'ematsnenhtsesttse ni. eye salve. -xo'en vti. grease; put salve on s.t./s.o. (by hand). -xo'na. He greased it/put salve on it (by hand).
vta. salve s.o., grease s.o. -xo'enho. He greased him.
xo'en'o ni. salve. Notes (Phonology) vs; grVariant: xo'an'o. Pl: xo'enontse. xo'staahttse ni. hair tonic; hair oil. -xo'st'e vai. apply hair oil; salve. Notes (Phonology) vs -xo'st'e. He is putting hair oil on. Nxo'staehe? Did you grease your hair? -xo'staeo'o. They are putting hair oil on. See: Ma'henxo'staenstse.
-xo'stan vta. put oil on head of s.o.; grease head of s.o. -xo'staeno. He put oil on his (someone
else's) head. Traditionally, Ch's would put grease on their hands and rub it into their hair as hair oil.
-xo'von vai. alve face. -xo'vone. He's putting cream on his face. -xo'vonn vta. salve face of s.o. -xo'vonenahtse. He's rubbing his (own) face with cream. -xo'vonnh(n)
vta. apply salve to face of s.o. -xo'vonhnho. He put salve on his face. xo'vonhestse. He put salve on his (own) face. See: -xo'he'onn put salve on hand of s.o..
-xo'oh vti. grease s.t. -xo'ha. He greased it (for example, a wagon wheel). -xo'oma''h vta. put (something) in mouth of s.o. -xo'oma'o'ho. He put something in his (someone
else's) mouth. Naa mhe vo'stane v'keemahpe nxo'oma''haehe? Did someone put candy in your mouth? (fig., = pacify you so you quit talking as you previously did). See: -xo'ome.
-xo'ome vai. 1 put in mouth, ingest.

vti. N-xo'omnone. We're taking it into our mouths. 2 take Holy Communion, take the Eucharist; Literally refers to placing something in one's mouth, but now often especially refers to partaking in the rite of Communion. -xo'ome. He's
taking Communion. Nth-xo'ome. I'm going to take Communion. [Stamper 1991:10] See: hetomosanve'hanahttse; -ma'henekhkonheonve'han; -xo'oma''h. Final: -om.
-xo'omhtahe vai. relaxed; peaceful. -xo'omhtahe. He is relaxed. See: ovna'xae-. -x'xoeoha'ov vta. smash s.o. with the feet. -x'xoeoha'ovho. He stomped him. See: -x'xanhta'ov. x'xon- i. dent. -x'xon vii. dented. -x'xno. It's dented. xomh'o ni. hide scraper. Usage: obsolescent. See: mnhtsstse. Xom'e na. Lance Woman, Spear Woman. xomoo'o ni. lance.Variant: xomoo'e. See: xov'tove. -xomonoh(n) vta. lance s.o. -xomonhnho. He lanced him. [PD639] -xnetam
i. filthy; dirty; unclean. -xnetamhtse. He has a filthy mouth. Preverb: xnetame-; Reduplicated: -xxnetam.
-xnetamahe vai. filthy; unsanitary. -xnetamahe. He is filthy (as a person). See: -ho'stahe. -xnetamahtse vai. talk filthy.Literally: filthy-mouth. -xnetamhtse. He talks filthy. xnetame- pv. filthy, dirty. -xnetame-tshso It's messy, dirty. Antonym: hxe'e-. -xnetameests
vai. talk filthy, talk dirty, filthy talk, dirty talk, talk nasty, nasty talk. xnetamestse. He is talking dirty. See: -estse.
-xnetamem vta. talk filthy to s.o. -xnetamemho. He talked dirty to him. -xnetamenestse vai. speak filthy language. -xxnetamenestse. He speaks filthy. -xnetam vii. muddy. -xntmo. It's muddy/sloppy. -xntmo meo'o. The road is muddy.Variant: nxntmo.
-xnetam'an vai. talk dirty. -xnetam'ne. He talks dirty.Variant: -xxnetam'an. fai: -'an. -xnetamotse'ohe vai. filthy work. for example, a job of cleaning out sewers. -xnetamotse'ohe. He
has a filthy job / he does filthy work.
-xnetamxe'stn vai. graffiti.Literally: filthy-write. -xnetamxe'stne. He's writing graffiti. xonona'e ni. drift. for example, in a river. Oblique: xonona'va. xov'tove ni. sword.Pl: xov'tovtse. Usage: obsolescing. Oblique: xov'tonva. See: xomoo'o.

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-ahtomnee'tov vta. stand.listening to s.o. -ahtomnee'tovho. He's standing listening to him.

a'e ni. year, winter. Mxhtoanthanhe 'e. It was a tough winter.

anevxhthono na. winter underwear, long johns.Literally: winter-pants. Variant: anevo'xhthono.

anhevhkhe na. jackrabbit.Literally: hawk-rabbit. Variant: anhevhe ?. Pl: anhevhkooheho.

asto'n'o ni. blender.Literally: mixer. Usage: neologism.Variant: asto'pea'hasenesttse. asto'pea'hasenesttse asto'peeneo'o

ni. blender.Literally: mix together grinder. Usage: neologism.Variant: asto'eneo'o; asto'pea'hasenesttse.

astomev'ho'e na. 1 false Cheyenne.Literally: false-whiteman. an epithet used of Cheyenne Indians

-haneoesthne vai. 1 knock dead, swat.

hkv'stse ni. gumweeds.

hk'en'o ni. marble.Pl: hk'eneontse.

-ahk'oh vti. roll s.t. by tool. -ahk'ha. He rolled it by tool. -ahk'hen

hto'hohesttse ni. grave.Literally: burial-NOM. -hto'hoh(n)

i. separate; apart. -a'e'h'ta. It is in another place. -a'e'hoo'e. He keeps to himself/he is by

-a'e'han vti. N-a'e'hna. I separated it.

She stood up there for a long time. (1987:269).

Usage: neologism.Literally: forever-lost-NOM.

-a'no'ham fai. drive. am-a'no'hme. He is driving along. onst-a'no'hme. He is taking driver's

-a'kema'e''ts vti. crumple s.t. -a'kema'e''ts. He crumpled it.

A'so na. Topknot. a'eha'e ni. derby hat.Variant: a'khkha'e. -a'o'ts

-a'tavo'stanheve vai. live in a fearsome manner. -a'tavo'stanheve. He lives in a fearsome way

He bossed him/them; he chaired them.

-ama'haso'he vai. ride horse along. -ama'haso'he. He is riding by on horseback. -ama'has'heo'o.

-ama' vai. dive (of a bird). -am'o He dove. [1987:248] -ama'ov

amhasenesttse ni. bill. a request for payment.Pl: amhasenstottse. -amehn

amhnh- i. go along. Nohkxaeto'se-amhnhpe'pe'eotse Sometimes I'm just going to pieces as I'm

(can be said of a toddler who has learned to walk).

-amshaa'svetovt vii. be rectangular shaped. -amshaa'svetovt It is rectangular-shaped.

-amstheno'e vii. go along in overnights. -amstheno'e It is a week. ma'ta-amstheno'e in the

See: ma'hene-eva; tnsthe-.

make it go). [BOBTAIL.TXT]

amhneo'o na. guessers. amhneono (alternate plural). -amhoo'e

amneeotse vai. go by in a line quickly. Mhne'hse-amneeotshevhe. They were lined up again.

Amn'hhe na. Guesser Woman. -amneo'h

-amtanoohe vai. burrow along. mstate-amtanoohehhe tsstae'amnoetsse n=kse'eheho He

ane'khem'hestotse ni. fork. See: ane'(k)heo'o. ane'kh'o

-anheotsests vti. bring down s.t. m'sanem'sho'e-anheotsstshenovtse hne ho'vhkohtsstse

ansma p. outside, outdoors. Contracted: anse. -antoots'tov

-anovan vti. put down s.t./s.o.; lower s.t./s.o. -anovane. It is lowered.

anovho'one ni. stepladder?; steps.Variant: anhevho'one. -anvhto'he

-ao'setnvm'e vai. hailstone-painted. -ao'setnvm'e. He's hailstone-painted. ao'setontse amhntnstse

hailing.Literally: hailstones are walking.

oveto p. other places, all over. Synonym: ve. -as

-aseohts vai. 1 leave. -asehtse He's leaving. [1987:240]

-aseohtstan vai. want to leave. N-aseohtstno. I want to leave. -aseotseh

asseneehvhtsen'hhe na. 1 overly talkative, gossipy person.

-ass'o vii. be stretchy. -ass'o it's stretchy. asso'xhthono

assoneehhe na. tire.Literally: stretchy-tubular-thing. Pl: assoneehheo'o. Obviative: assoneehheho. assoneeh-mhtse'ko

Usage: probably a loan transl..

beginning of June I'll be 69. [1987:157]

-asetose vai. 1 float away. -astose. He floated away.

-aset'eohts vai. start by wagon. Msto'semo-ast'eohtshevhe ts'hks'hoxomevse They were

vai. start plowing. -astma'xva. ma'xovhoo'o He started plowing (1987:70).

loan trans. from English 'to give s.o. a ring').

axenhonesttse ni. guitar, back scratcher. Usage: neologism. xeohva

beavers dive they make a tremendous clap. (1987:277).

estshts'e na. Talks While Going Woman. -estseotse

na. interpreter.Literally: speak Pl: estsstomtxevheo'o.

hane na. our (inclusive) father. See: -hh. -ehasen

ehonesttse ni. curse. -ehonevma'o'e

-'ax vti. cut s.t. -'xa. He cut it. -e'

ni. vine. Usage: not widely Pl: e'eehstnstse. See: vkee'stse.

known today.Literally: lying up against thing ??.