Wood Pelleting Technology BHLER

Stefan Lescae

CH Uzwil, June 2006

Why Wood Pelleting?

Use of wood pellets as a solid fuel

common wood pellet sizes: 6 mm (Austria, Germany), 8 mm (Scandinavia) burned directly at the stove (e.g. Austria) pelletized for transport reasons (volume reduction) (e.g. Sweden) spec. volume (raw material): app. 5 20 l/kg spec. volume (wood pellets): app. 1.5 1.7 l/kg pellets are transported to large power plants and are ground again due to burning properties

Use of wood pellets for cat litter

Stefan Lescae CH Uzwil, June 2006

Energy Aspects of Wood Pellets

Energy for production of wood pellets: 3 - 20 % of net heat of combustion

14000
Net heat of combustion / kWh/t

12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

Wood pellets Peat lutro Wood lutro Brown coal Hard coal Oil Natural gas

Lutro = air dried Stefan Lescae

CH Uzwil, June 2006

Fuel Costs
Calculation done for Germany autumn 2002 Wood pellets: 0.17 / kg

1600
Energy heating costs (household) for 34200 kWh / Euro

Heating oil: 0.37 / kg Natural gas: 0.42 / m3

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

Wood pellets
Stefan Lescae CH Uzwil, June 2006

Heating oil

Natural gas

Emissions from the Combustion of Wood Pellets

Emissions of combustion / mg/m3

300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Values based on specific stoves CO2 neutral

SO2 Nox Fly ash CO CO2

wood pellets
Stefan Lescae CH Uzwil, June 2006

heating oil

natural gas

Net Emissions from the Combustion of Wood Pellets

300
Net Emissions / mg/m3

Values based on specific stoves

250 200 150 100 50 0 wood pellets heating oil natural gas
Wood pellets are CO2 neutral

SO2 Nox Fly ash CO CO2

Stefan Lescae

CH Uzwil, June 2006

Stefan Lescae

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

CH Uzwil, June 2006

Japan Finland Slovenia Sweden Estonia Canada Russia Latvia Slovakia Austria Bulgaria Czechia USA Germany Switzerland

Forest Area of Specific Countries

Forest Area / %

Romania Poland Portugal France Norway Spain Belgium

Political Motivations for Wood Pellets

Climate protection, Reduction of greenhouse gas CO2

EU: promotion of renewable energy sources Kyoto protocol Danish energy policy: reduction of CO2 of 20 % (2005 1988) .

Security of energy supply

Green paper: European strategy for the security of energy supply .

Stefan Lescae

CH Uzwil, June 2006

Wood Pellets in Future

E U W h it e p a p e r o n R e n e w a b le E n e rg y S o u rc e s

Kyodo p ro to c o l E U G re e n Paper

C o s ts fo r c o n v e n t io n a l f u e ls C o s ts fo r w o o d p e lle t s S u b s i d ie s , ta x e s

N a t io n a l r e g u la t io n s a n d la w s

G re e n h o u s e e ffe c t

N A T IO N A L R E G U L A T IO N S
AND LAW S

C o m fo rt b y u s in g w o o d p e lle t s

C ONSUMER
B E H A V IO R

E m is s io n s o f w o o d p e lle t s ( C O 2 , a s h , ) S p a c e fo r s to ra g e

E n v ir o n m e n t a l p r o b le m s

S e c u r it y o f f u e l s u p p ly

FUTURE D EM AND

O N W OO D PELLETS FO R

F U E L IN

EUROPE

C o s ts fo r ra w m a t e r ia ls In v e s t m e n t c o s t s f o r w o o d p e l le t in g

S u b s i d ie s , ta x e s

W OOD PELLETS C O STS FO R

W O OD PELLETS
E n e rg y p ric e s O p e r a t in g c o s t s f o r w o o d p e lle t in g S u b s id ie s , ta x e s A v a ila b ili t y o f r a w m a t e r i a ls

C o s ts fo r c o n v e n t io n a l f u e ls

FOR POW ER PLANTS

C o s ts fo r w o o d p e lle t s

N a tio n a l R e g u l a t io n s a n d la w s

S e c u r it y o f f u e l s u p p ly

Stefan Lescae

CH Uzwil, June 2006

Wood Pellets Process

wooden slats, wooden boards, parquet, furniture,

Wood industry (wood cutting, drying, sawing, grinding, planing,)

By-products of wood processing

Waste wood

Wood pellets (6mm, 8mm)

Wood pelleting process

Chipboard industry

Chipboards

Stefan Lescae

CH Uzwil, June 2006

Wood Pellets Process

Raw material Drying Grinding Water and steam Conditioning Pelleting Cooling Sieving Wood pellets
Stefan Lescae CH Uzwil, June 2006

Pretreatment (e.g. crushing, sieving, heavy particle separator)

Transport

Storage

Control

Wood Pellets Production

Intake Sieving Reduction Pre Drying Magnetic Grinding Wetting storage Pelleting Drying Sieving Storage Bagging

Stefan Lescae

CH Uzwil, June 2006

Production costs and annual operation time

140 133

120

Productions costs depending on annual operation time / Euro/t

101

100 84 80

90

60

40

20

0 3 shifts 7 days a week 3 shifts 5 days a week 2 shifts 5 days a week 1 shift 5 days a week

Stefan Lescae

CH Uzwil, June 2006

Wood Pellets Factory

example

Flat Store for Pellets

Grinding

Drying Coarse Grinding Sieving

Pelleting

Raw Material Intake

Stefan Lescae

CH Uzwil, June 2006