Mizoram University B.Sc.

Biochemistry (Elective Subject)

BC - 1 BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY Max. Marks 55 Pass Marks - 22 Contact hrs - 50 Theory Unit I Ionization of water; pH & pK; buffer systems; Laws of Thermodynamics; Enthalpy; Entropy and Gibbs free energy; Redox reactions in biology. Classification and biological role of carbohydrates; chemistry of mono-, di- and polysaccharides; Stereochemistry of sugars: Chiral carbon, epimers, anomers, mutarotation, chair and boat forms, glycoside, glucopyranose and fructopyranose. Unit II Amino acids: classification, chemical structure and general properties; Peptide bond; Forces stabilizing protein structure; Primary Structure of proteins; Secondary Structure; Tertiary Structure & Quaternary Structure. Unit III Lipid Classifications & biological role; Fatty acids (General formula, Nomenclature and chemical properties); General structure and function of the major lipid subclasses. Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; cell components; FluidMosaic model; Active and Passive transport Structure and types of nucleosides and nucleotides; Chemical properties of nucleotides; DNA and RNA & their biological roles.

Unit IV

Unit V Principles and applications of - pH meter, Chromatography, Centrifugation, Photometry. Suggested readings 1. Morrison, R.T., and Boyd, R.N. (1989). Organic Chemistry, Allyn & Baton Inc., Massachusetts. 2. Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M. (2000). Lehningers Principles of Biochemistry, Worth Pub. 3. Rastogi, S.C. (2004) 2nd ed. Biochemistry. Tata McGraw Hill 4. Boyer, R.F. (1986). Modern Experiment Biochemistry, Addition Wesley Pub. Co. 5. Okotore, R.O. (1998). Basic Separation Techniques in Biochemistry. New Age Intl. (P) Ltd. 6. Karp, Gerald (2010). Cell Biology. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons

BC-1

BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY Practical

Max. Marks 20

1. 2. 3. 4.

Preparation of buffer solution using Henderson Hasselbalch equation Qualitative tests for Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography Estimation of Proteins and Carbohydrates Suggested readings

1. Boyer, R.F. (2005). Modern Experimental Biochemistry. (3rd ed.), Pearson-Educations (P) Ltd. 2. Sadasivam, S. and Manickam, A. (1996). Biochemical Methods, New Age Int. Pub., New Delhi 3. Jayaraman (1996). Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry, New Age Int. Pub. 4. Plummer, D.T. (1993). An Introduction to Practicals in Biochemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill.

BC-2

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY & METABOLISM I Max. Marks 55 Contact hrs - 50 Theory

Unit I

Homeostasis; Digestion, absorption, carbohydrates, lipids, & proteins.

and

transport

of-

Biochemistry of blood, plasma proteins; blood group substances; blood clotting; blood cell types; Hemoglobinoxygen and carbon dioxide transport; Regulation of respiration. Unit II Structure and functions of kidney; Mechanism of formation; Water and electrolyte balance. urine

Neurons; Nerve impulse (action potential); Neurotransmitters & Synaptic transmission; Muscle protein; Mechanism of muscle contraction (smooth & skeletal). Unit III Unit IV General classification of hormones; Hormones of hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, and gonads. General features of metabolism; Glycolysis; Alcoholic and lactic acid fermentations; TCA cycle; Gluconeogenesis; Pentose phosphate pathway. Transport of fatty acids into mitochondria; -oxidation; ATP yield from fatty acid oxidation; Biosynthesis of fatty acids (key concepts only). Suggested readings 1. Rastogi, S.C. (2006). Experimental Physiology. (2nd ed.) New Age Intl. (P) Ltd. 2. Talwar, G.P., Srivastava, L.M. (2006). Textbook of Biochemistry and Human Biology. (3rd ed.) Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd. 3. Nath, R.L. (1996). A Textbook of Medicinal Biochemistry. New Age Intl (P) Ltd 4. Ackert and Randall (2000). Animal Physiology. 2nd ed. CBS Publishers and Distributors 5. Rao, Malik Arjuna (2006). Medical Biochemistry. Revised 2nd ed. New Age Intl. (P) Ltd. 6. Verma, S.K., Verma, Mohit (2007). A Textbook of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology. S.Chand & Co.

Unit V

BC-2 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY & METABOLISM I MARKS - 20 Practical 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. Determination of ABO blood groups and Rh factor. Estimation of blood Hemoglobin. RBC and WBC count. Estimation of blood Glucose, Cholesterol Isolation and estimation of Starch from potato. Isolation of casein from milk. Suggested readings 1. Boyer, R.F. (2005). Modern Experimental Biochemistry. (3rd ed.), Pearson-Educations (P) Ltd. 2. Sadasivam, S. and Manickam, A. (1996). Biochemical Methods, New Age Int. Pub., New Delhi 3. Jayaraman (1996). Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry, New Age Int. Pub. 4. Plummer, D.T. (1993). An Introduction to Practicals in Biochemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill.

BC-3 Contact hrs - 50

ENZYMOLOGY & METABOLISM II Max. Marks 55

Theory Unit I Nomenclature & IUB classification of enzymes; Definition with examples of: holoenzyme, apoenzyme, coenzymes, cofactors; activators, inhibitors; Active site; Units of enzyme activity definition of IU and katal; ES complexes; Transition state theory; Activation energy. Factor affecting enzyme activity; Michaelis-Menten equation for uni-substrate reactions; Significance of Km and Vmax; Line Weaver-Burk plot; Reversible and irreversible inhibition; competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition; Allosteric enzymes. Isozymes; Enzyme pattern in health and diseases with special mention of plasma lipase, amylase, alkaline and acid phosphatase. Unit III Urea cycle and its regulation; Biosynthesis of amino acids (Glutamate, Aromatic and Histidine families); Degradation of amino acids; Glycogenic and ketogenic amino acids; Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism- alkaptonuria, phenylketonuria, albinism. Respiratory electron transfer chain; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Biosynthesis and degradation of purines and pyrimidines; Diseases related to nucleotide metabolism - hyperuricemia, gout. Hypo- and Hyper-glycemia; Glycogen storage diseases; Lipid mal-absorption. Suggested readings

Unit II

Unit IV Unit V

1. Price, N.C., Stevens, Lewis (2010). Indian reprint). Fundamentals of Enzymology. Oxford Univ. Press. 2. Nath, R.L. (1996). A Textbook of Medicinal Biochem. New Age Intl (P) Ltd. 3. Devlin, T. M. (1997). Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations. Wiley-Liss Publ. 4. Murray, R.K., Granner, D.K., Mayes, P.A. and Rodwell, V.W. (2000). Harpers Biochemistry, Lange Med. Publications 5. Stryer, L. (2000). Biochemistry, W H Freeman. 6. Voet,D., Voet, J.G. and Pratt, C.W. (1999). Fundamentals of Biochem. John Wiley & Sons., NY.

BC-3 20

ENZYMOLOGY & METABOLISM II

MARKS -

Practical 1. 2. bean 3. 4. Effect of pH and Temperature on Enzyme Activity Estimation of Urease/Amylase activity from black gram dal/mung Estimation of Serum GOT and GTP Estimation of Serum alkaline phosphatase

Suggested readings 1. Boyer, R.F. (2005). Modern Experimental Biochemistry. (3rd ed.), Pearson-Educations (P) Ltd. 2. Sadasivam, S. and Manickam, A. (1996). Biochemical Methods, New Age Int. Pub., New Delhi 3. Jayaraman (1996). Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry, New Age Int. Pub. 4. Plummer, D.T. (1993). An Introduction to Practicals in Biochemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill.

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BC-4 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Max. Marks 55 Contact hrs - 50 Theory Unit 1 Evidence for DNA as genetic material; DNA replication in prokaryotes and experimental evidence for semiconservative DNA replication; Mechanism of replication DNA polymerases, other enzymes involved in replication. Central Dogma in Molecular Biology; Transcription in prokaryotes; RNA polymerase; Promoters; Initiation, elongation and termination of RNA synthesis; Reverse transcriptase; Posttranscriptional processing of RNA in eukaryotes (capping, polyadenylation and methylation). Genetic code: Basic features of genetic code; Biological significance of degeneracy; Wobble hypothesis; Gene within genes and overlapping genes. Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes: Operon concept (Lac operon and Trp operon). Unit 4 Mechanisms of translation: Ribosome structure; A and P sites; Charged tRNA; Initiator codon; elongation and termination; Formation of 70S initiation complex. Vectors; Plasmids; Phages; Hybridoma technology; Monoclonal Antibodies; Gene Cloning; Restriction Endonucleases; Applications of recombinant DNA technology. Suggested readings

Unit 2

Unit 3

Unit 5

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1. Lewin, B., (2007) Genes X, Oxford Univ. Press. 2. Elliot, W.H. and Daphne (2005). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 3rd Ed. Oxford Univ. Press 3. Rastogi, S.C. (2010). Cell and Molecular Biology. 3rd ed. New Age Intl (P) Ltd. 4. Gupta, P.K. (2005). Cell and Molecular Biology. Rastogi Publications 5. Sigh, B.D. (2008). Biotechnology. Kalyani Publishers. 6. Jain, S.K., (2010 Texbook of Biotechnology: Fundamentals of Molecular Biology. CBS Publishers and Distributors.

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BC-4

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Practical

MARKS - 20

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Estimation of DNA and RNA Isolation of DNA from animal/plant tissues Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Isolation of proteins Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE.

Suggested readings 1. Boyer, R.F. (2005). Modern Experimental Biochemistry. (3rd ed.), Pearson-Educations (P) Ltd. 2. Sadasivam, S. and Manickam, A. (1996). Biochemical Methods, New Age Int. Pub., New Delhi 3. Deb. A.C., (2008 Reprint). Comprehensive viva and Practical Biochemistry. New Central Book Agency. 4. Plummer, D.T. (1993). An Introduction to Practicals in Biochemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill.

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