All researchers must make two basic decisions when designing a survey--they must decide: 1) whether they are

going to employ an oral, written, or electronic method, and 2) whether they are going to choose questions that are open or close-ended. Closed-Ended Questions: Closed-ended questions limit respondents' answers to the survey. The participants are allowed to choose from either a pre-existing set of dichotomous answers, such as yes/no, true/false, or multiple choice with an option for "other" to be filled in, or ranking scale response options. The most common of the ranking scale questions is called the Likert scale question. This kind of question asks the respondents to look at a statement (such as "The most important education issue facing our nation in the year 2000 is that all third graders should be able to read") and then "rank" this statement according to the degree to which they agree ("I strongly agree, I somewhat agree, I have no opinion, I somewhat disA closed-ended question is a question format that limits respondents with a list of answer choices from which they must choice to answer the question.[1] Commonly these type of questions are in the form of multiple choices, either with one answer or with check-all-thatapply, but also can be in scale format, where respondent should decide to rate the situation in along the scale continuum, similar to Likert questionsagree, I strongly disagree").

Closed-ended questions
Four types of closed-ended questions are most commonly used: rating scale, forced choice, dichotomous and demographic/firmographic questions (firmographic data is concerned with company or industry type, size, etc.). It should be noted that by making sure that the scales of a question are the same for all questions, the ratings can be directly compared with each other (e.g. a score of 3 out of 5 is not the same value as 3 out of 12).
Dichotomous questions

Respondents must choose between two alternatives.

Example: "In the past 30 days, have you seen or heard any advertising for ______? Yes or no?" Value: It enables identification of quality. Strengths: It is quick and does not allow ambivalent answers. Weaknesses: It does not allow for a certain degree of sensitivity and differentiation.

Dichotomous Questions
When a question has two possible responses, we consider it dichotomous. Surveys often use dichotomous questions that ask for a Yes/No, True/False or Agree/Disagree response. There are a variety of ways to lay these questions out on a questionnaire:

Structured (fixed response) Structured questions are questions that offer the respondent a closed set of responses from which to choose. Structured questions make data collection and analysis much simpler and they take less time to answer. Structured questions are best suited in the following situations: (1) when you have a thorough understanding of the responses so that you can appropriately develop the answer choices (2) when you are not trying to capture new ideas or thoughts from the respondent. Examples of Structured Questions Do you have a driver's license? ( ) Yes ( ) No