Underground Mine Communication

Group Members:
Rizwan Razaq Sajid Ali Nadeem Tahir ID: 030120-079 ID: 081220-097 ID: 091320-054

Presented To:

Mr. Muhammad Rizwan

University of Management and Technology

Outline
Underground Mining Cons Communication Why we need it. Device Requirement Communication Types

Conclusion

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Underground Mining
Activity, occupation, and industry concerned with the extraction of

minerals under the surface of earth.

Efficiency and Productivity

Cons:
Inmine vehicle accidents.

Roof falls, fire, explosions, toxic gases, and floods.

Emergency response for underground mines is much more difficult.

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Communication, Why?
Remote Monitoring and Control, Information Flow, To Rescue the Employees when Accident occurs,

Emergency Preparedness,
Quick Response. Locating the Trapped Miners.

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Requirements:
Communication Requirements:
Throughout each working section Continuous coverage along escape ways

Device Requirements:
Back-up power supply capacity Survivability requirements Tracking precision Mine coverage

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Communication Types:
Wired communication systems,

Radio communication systems,

Carrier current communication systems, Hybrid systems, Other systems.

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Wired Communication System:

Better Coverage Higher Data Rate Types Magneto (Crank Ringer) Phones Soundpowered Phones Paging Phones Dial-&-Page Phones Disadvantages

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Wired Communication types

Magneto (Crank Ringer) Phones The basic principle of this type of system is to generate a

current that is strong enough to make bells of other phones ring in a private line manner.
Soundpowered Phones
Voice of speaker is converted to electrical signal and

transferred.

Short Range

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Cont
Paging Phones
Each individual device has its own internal battery

Being Reliable Easy to install and maintain Prevents simultaneous transmission

Dial-&-Page Phones
Paging only cannot locate a person.

High voltage insulation with multiple-pair cables.

Multiple functions Complex infrastructures

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Radio Comm. System:

Goal To operate seamlessly To cover the entire working area Pros :
Reduce Confusion Decrease the chance of wrong Information Being Communicated Decrease Buzz

Increase Confidence In Decision

Improves the Likelihood Of Success

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Radio Communication types

TTE communications,
Earth as common medium Low frequency usage to location miner

Inmine communications,
Communicating inside galleries under the surface

Wireless networks,
Wireless local area network Coverage range can be up to 1500ft

Ultrawide band (UWB) systems.

High data rate with low power consumption very high time resolution high accuracy
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Carrier Current Com...

CCCS use of fact

Radio waves are fed into any underground wire or cable, they are distributed throughout its length. Most Dependable com. on the carrier frequency Mechanical strength and better insulation Easy Maintenance Types;
Trolley Carrier Phone Hoist Rope Phone

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Cont
Trolley Carrier Phone
Receiver and transmitter are connected to the trolley wire

through a coupler capacitor, blocking high voltage levels. High mechanical strength Hoist Rope Phone
Pushtotalk, Releasetolisten design. Used for different levels

Easy to implement Removes language barrier

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Hybrid Systems
Combination of Wireless and wired com. properties Types Leaky Feeder System

Allows radio transmissions to both, from the cable and to enter the cable

Increases the propagation range,

Fiber Backbone Networks

Utilize fiber backbone networks to provide wireless communication

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Systems

Communication between RFID tags and fixed transceivers. Location precision

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Other Systems
Advantages Shock Detector Visual Indication Types Seismic Systems Stench Systems Visual Pager Systems Optical Communication Systems

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other systems (Cont)

Seismic Systems
Shock vibrations can travel through Earth

Stench Systems
Use of a clearly distinguishable odor

Visual Pager Systems

Used along with pager phones Preferable in noisy environment

Optical Communication Systems

Use of bright or high-density light

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REMARKS
Rich but highly risky business that require proper

communication. No single communication method has been developed yet to solve the issues. Wireless communication offers solutions to some of the fundamental challenges. SDR was introduced initially. But it cant address at longer distances. Modifications o SDR leads to CR (cognitive radio) that observe their environment and react upon the changes.
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Critical Thinking Is A Crucial Key To Success.

Your e the Ma in Re a son To Wor k Sa fe . Sa fe ty is Mor e Pr e cious Tha n G old !!!

ThankYou!
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