Chapter 6 Health and Wellness health is complete physical mental and social well-being, not just absence of disease

e or infirmity Pender/Murdaugh/Parsons define health as the actualization of inherent and acquired human potential thru goal directed behavior, competent self-care, satisfying relationships with others while adjustments are made as needed to maintain structural integrity and harmony with the environment. 1 Healthy People 2010: goal is to eliminate health disparities and increase quality and years of healthy life. 2 HEALTH BELIEF MODEL ON P 70. Perception of susceptibility > perception of seriousness > perception of barriers to and benefits of action The health belief model helps nurses understand factors that influence clients perceptions, beliefs, and behavior in order to plan care that will most effectively assist clients in maintaining or restoring health and preventing illness. 3 HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL ON P 71 indicidual characterisitcs and experiences > behavior specific knowledge and affect > outcomes for promotion. Health promoting behavior is the desired behavioral outcome. 4 BASIC HUMAN NEEDS MODEL ON P 72 KNOW MASLOW!! 5 HOLISTIC HEALTH MODEL focus is on creating conditions which promote hoptimal health. Natural healing abilities of the body and alt. interventions: music, art, massage, relazation, guided imagery, because theyre effective, cheap, non-invasive and non-phamacological. 6 Variables Influencing Health and Health Beliefs and Practices 1 Internal: Developmental Stage, Intellectual Background, Perception of Functioning, Emotional Factors, Spiritual. 2 External: Family Practices, Socioeconomic, Cultural Background. 7 A Health Promotion, Wellness and Illness Prevention 1 Leading health indicators are physical activity, overweight and obesity, tobacco use, substance abuse, responsible sexual behavior, mental health, injury and violence, environmental quality, immunization and access to health care. 2 Influences : poor eating habits, no exercise, physical stressors, poor living environment, hereditary and psychological stressors, social developmental and spiritual factors. 3 Passive health strategies : fluoride in water. 4 Active Health strategies: motivated human endeavors to improve health. B Levels of Preventative Care Leavell and Clarks three levels.

1 Primary Prevention is true prevention. All health promotion efforts, wellness activities and education. 2 Secondary Prevention is focused on improving health problems or preventing them from getting worse. Includes screening, early treatment and teaching self-care for delaying or averting a worse outcome. 3 Tertiary Prevention minimizing effects of long-term disease by heading off curther complications or deterioration. Focused on rehab to achieve highest level of functioning as possible called preventative care, too. 8 Risk Factors any situation, habit or social condition, that increases the likelihood of illness or accident. They increase chances. The goal of risk factor identification is to assist clients in improving the areas which are risk factors. Linked with educational programs and resources. A Genetics B Age C Environment (living conditions) D Lifestyle (stresses, habits and activities) To change a behavior, you gotta go thru stagesDeClimente and Prochaska have 5 stages: 1 no intention to change (precontemplation) 2 considering a change in the next 6 months (contemplation) 3 making small changes (preparation) 4 engaging in changes (action) 5 maintaining (maintenance) 9 Illness is a state of diminished physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, spiritual functioning. 1 Acute : short, severe 2 Chronic: longer than 6 months, persistant, limitations, affects social and environmental surroundings. B. Illness Behavior if you perceive yourself as ill, your illness behaviors can be a coping mechanism. Variables influencing illness and illness behaviors: 1 Internal Variables coping skills 2 External Variables social, culture, economic, access to health care, family support 10 Impact of Illness of Client and Family: 1 Behavior and emotional changes 2 Impact on body image 3 Impact on Self concept 4 impact on family roles 5 impact on family dynamics.