Scientific Bulletin of the Politehnica University of Timisoara Transactions on Mechanics Special issue

The 6th International Conference on Hydraulic Machinery and Hydrodynamics Timisoara, Romania, October 21 - 22, 2004

LAMINAR TURBULENT TRANSITION ZONE IN THE BOUNDARY LAYER

Adriana Sida MANEA, Lector Dr. ing. Department of Hydraulic Machinery Politehnica University of Timisoara Cezar Dorin GALERIU, Lector Dr. ing. Department of Hydraulic Machinery Politehnica University of Timisoara

*Corresponding author: Bv Mihai Viteazu 1, 300223, Timisoara, Romania Tel.: (+40) 256 403691, Email: mh@mec.utt.ro

ABSTRACT This paper is a study of the turbulence and the surface roughness influences about the laminar turbulent transition in the boundary layer, for NACA 4412 airfoil, which have the chord L = 0,6 m. The mean velocity distribution is experimental determinate in the aerodynamic tunnel, for attack angle =00. KEYWORDS Laminar turbulent transition zone, flow, turbulence, rough, boundary layer, Reynolds number, airfoil. NOMENCLATURE U [m/s] mean velocity Uref [m/s] reference velocity x [m] abscise L [m] chord of airfoil Re [-] Reynolds number 2 [m /s] viscosity coefficient H [-] boundary layer parameter [-] turbulence degraded 1 [m] displacement thickness [m] energy thickness d [m] high of rough A, B,C know constant value Subscripts and Superscripts tr s H transition separation calculated value by H parameter

1. INTRODUCTION During the work of reversible hydraulic machines and wind turbine, it often appears situations when the same airfoil must work at big angles of attack. In this case, the knowledge of airfoils behaviour is very important because it appears separations of the flow from the wing, which can influence the machines work as a system. Separating flow over the airfoil is a very complex process. His study is necessary because flow separation is significantly influence about the hydraulic machine work. Laminar turbulent transition zone in the boundary layer is a very important zone, because to know the flow behaviour in this zone permitted to find the solution where offer possibility to move his near trailing edge. Some most of interesting aerodynamic problem of real fluid flow are laminar turbulent transition in the boundary layer. Because this laminar turbulent transition in the boundary layer is caused by more factor, finding the position of transition zone is not good outlined and not permanently. The experimental studies indicate that the Reynolds number in laminar turbulent transition zone of the boundary layer are depending of the flow turbulence, curved and roughness of the surface, longitudinal pressure gradient, relation between body surface temperature and the fluid flow temperature, acoustic perturbation, etc. The surface roughness is one of the most important factor who determinate the point position of laminar turbulent transition in the boundary layer. This is the reason that the study of the roughness influence at the apparition of the turbulent boundary layer, are very interesting.

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2. VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION The NACA 4412 airfoil, for =00 angle of attack has been placed in the work zone in the Aerodynamic tunnel for boundary layer. For Reynolds number Re = 9,6 . 106, has been obtained, at the upper airfoil surface, velocity distribution present in the fig. 1.
1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
x/L

trailing edge. In fig. 2 is presented the variation of the H parameter determinate with experimental data. For NACA 4412 airfoil, with Kozlov method is obtained xtr/L = 0,375 for transition point. Comparing this value with G. Calin wich obtained the value xtr/L = 0,371, we found a very good concordance of the results.
3 3 2.5 2 H

U/Uref

U/Uref

1.5 1 0.5 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 x 1 i

Figure 1. The velocity distribution at the upper surface of the airfoil 3. THE INFLUENCE OF THE TURBULENCE DEGREE ON THE FLOW ABOUT THE LAMINAR TURBULENT TRANSITION IN BOUNDARY LAYER L.F. Kozlov is proposing determination of the laminar turbulent transition point in the boundary layer at the crossing of the curves Re and Retr where is calculated with relation (1), and Retr is calculated with relation (2).

Fig. 2. Variation of the H parameter with x/L abscise 4. THE INFLUENCE OF THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON THE THE LAMINAR TURBULENT TRANSITION IN BOUNDARY LAYER Noted with d highness of the roughness element an considering the vorticity dimension proportional with d, Kozlov propose for Retr the relation (6): Analyzing the dependency of the Retr in function of the f boundary layer parameter, it was obtained the fig. 3. diagram. We found the increase of the f parameter with increase of the Retr.
80000 4 8 10 4 7 10 4 6 10

Re x =

Ux

(1)
1/ 2

Re tr = Re H + C( f s + f )

- 5/4

(2 )

f =

dU dx

(3)
(4 )

4 Rdpedelta1 i 5 10 Rdpedelta2 i 4 104 Rdpedelta i 3 104 4 2 10 4 1 10 0 0 0.4 0.4

Re H = exp(A B H)

H= 1

(5)

0.3

0.2 f i

0.1

Using a DISA anemometer and DISA probe, has been measured velocity profile in the boundary layer at the upper surface of airfoil, and has been calculated 1, , and H. Measuring velocity distribution with the aid of a DISA constant temperature anemometer, auxiliary DISA devices, we have obtained velocity distributions, witch confirm flow separation at the 496

0.1 0.1

Fig.3. Dependency of the Retr number in function of the f parameter Taking for the d/ parameter values between 2 and 6, in the fig. 4 resulting Retr value lowed with the increase of the of the d/ parameter.

90000 80000 70000 60000 Retr 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 1 2 3 d/theta 4 5 6

Fig. 4. Dependency of the Retr of the d/ parameter To obtain the boundary layer laminar turbulent transition point abscise caused by the surface roughness, it is calculated Retr value for d/ = 2 6. Overlap the obtained curved for Retr and Rex it is obtained fig. 5 diagram. For d/ = 2 6 it was found for NACA 4412 airfoil at =0 angle of attack the boundary layer laminar turbulent transition point is situated nearly the x/L 0,35 value. The increase of the roughness is not significantly influence by determination of the boundary layer laminar turbulent transition point.

1800000 1600000 1400000 1200000

Rex, Ret**

1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 x/L 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

Fig.5. Dependency of the Retr and Rex numbers with x/L

4. CONCLUSION
4.1. The boundary layer laminar turbulent transition is influenced by many factors, two of the most important are the flow turbulence and the surface roughness. 4.2. For NACA 4412 airfoil, at =0 angle of attack, considerate only the flow turbulence, it was found that the boundary layer laminar turbulent transition point is at xtr/L 0,375. 4.3. For NACA 4412 airfoil, at =0 angle of attack, considerate only the surface roughness, it was found that the boundary layer laminar turbulent transition point is at xtr/L 0,35 for d/=26. 4.4. For NACA 4412 airfoil, at =0 angle of attack, the surface roughness, determinates the boundary layer laminar turbulent transition point nearly the leading edge that the flow turbulence. 497

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