Cultural History of Ancient Egypt V77.0614 / V57.

0506 MW 11:00am-12:15pm -- Silver 711 Syllabus for Fall 2006

Prof. Ogden Goelet Kevorkian 305 - Tel: 998-8894 | E-mail: og1@nyu.edu - If I am not in, please leave a message on the answering machine. Please leave your number s-l-o-w-l-y. No set office hours. Drop in any morning, but it might be better to make an appointment first; appointments readily made. Course Description: This course covers the cultural and social history of Ancient Egypt from the period of its first political organization (c. 3200 BCE) until the countrys first years as a Roman colony (c. 50 BCE and shortly after). In addition, Ancient Egypts interconnections both with Nubia and the lands of the contemporary eastern Mediterranean and Middle East will be examined especially from the points of view of cultural exchange, trade, and early imperialism. There will be some treatment of political and religious history as well. The course will discuss the interpretation of archaeological evidence in addition to the problems associated with the wide variety of textual sources literature, economic records, royal inscriptions, tomb biographies of private persons, reliefs, paintings, and sculptureson which our knowledge of ancient Egyptian society is based. A guided field trip (optional) to a local museum collection of Egyptian artifacts will offer students the opportunity to see some of the objects from Egyptian art and daily life discussed in this course. Course Requirements: The course will consist primarily of two lectures a week, but part of each class will be devoted to some in-class discussion of a historical problem germane to the lecture. During the course, three groups of papers will be assigned which are described shortly below. There will be no mid-term or final exams. Participation in class and attendance: Failure to attend classes, read the required assignments, or participate in discussions will considerably hinder your ability to write your papers according to your instructors expectations. The assigned papers will account for 90% of your gradethe remaining 10% will be based on a combination of attendance and class participation. Texts and Readings: There will be three sets of papers due in the course. For the first two batches of papers, you will be required to write two short research studies. The first will be around 4-5 pages; about 5-6 for the second paper; then for the final batch of papers, 6 to 8 pages. These studies must be (minimally) footnoted, showing from where you have derived certain key facts. There should be a (short) bibliography at the end of the paper indicating only those works which have been cited in the footnotes. In order to ease the problem of writing on subjects which are quite unfamiliar to you, I have already made

Xerox copies of a sizeable number of studies from sources I have found reliable over the years. Students wishing to use sources other than these on their papers should consult me first for permission. The optional material will provide you additional sources for your short research papers; these articles and book chapters will be available at the Advanced Copy Center and the Kevorkian Center Library (a.k.a. the Richard Ettinghausen Library) at the corner of Sullivan Street and Washington Square South, entrance of Sullivan Street. Warning: The Ettinghausen Library hours can be somewhat irregular; it is not open on weekends. The Library from time to time is used for Kevorkian Center lectures and events. It is advisable to consult materials kept there as soon as possible. If students have trouble retrieving materials from the Library, they should contact me as soon as possible. I can help immediately if I am in my office; please do not hesitate to contact me. Logistics and administration: 1. The professor: Prof. Ogden Goelet Office: Kevorkian 305: 50 Washington Square South, corner of Washington Square South and Sullivan Street, entrance on Sullivan; third floor, end of the hall. Mailbox in Middle Eastern Studies Dept. office, second floor. E-mail: og1@nyu.edu (the most reliable way of contacting me)Tel: 212-9988894. If I am not in, please leave a message on the answering machine. Please leave your number s-l-o-w-l-y. No set office hours. Drop in after class or if you are in the building, but it will always better to make an appointment first to be on the safe side; appointments readily made (honest!). NO E-MAILED PAPERS! 2. Class Web-site: www.nyu.edu/classes/goelet I may attempt to post sets of lecture notes that are handed out in paper form in each class, providing students with an additional means learning various difficult concepts and terms. From time to time messages will be sent out to the entire class by email, so it is essential that you read your e-mail on a regular basis. 3. Grading I personally grade all the papers in this course, but the results are by no means carved in stone; I am even open to suggestions about papers I have marked. On the other hand, I am normally not inclined to change grades, nor do I like the idea of a redo for a better mark, except in rare cases. Nonetheless, I am willing to encourage students through difficulties and show them how to improve their work. The assignments are not do or die I offer (and encourage) students to submit drafts of their papers to me so that I might be able to offer suggestions before final submission. I encourage students to make an appointment to see me in order to consult on papers and any other aspect of the class (very easily done, even if I have no fixed office hours!) I am here to advise and assist you in writing your papersplease do not hesitate to take advantage of this offer. Attendance (and timeliness) counts in both class and in the delivery of papers. In my years of experience, I have found that students often disastrously underestimate how much time and effort apparently simple tasks require in

order to produce good results. If you think that these are difficult requirements, wait until you have a boss! Late work. May seem nice to you, but it is a real nuisance to any instructor. Accordingly, there shall be deductions for lateness. The first two groups of papers (25% of the final grade for each batch): the grade will be lowered a grade fraction for late papers turned in within one week of the assignment (e.g. A to A-, A- to B+, etc.). Short papers arriving more than one week will have the grade lowered a full letter grade (A to B, B+ to C+, etc.) Final papers (40% of the final grade): These must be completed on the due date. Papers received in the week following the due date and on the day on which I am obligated to turn in grades for the course will be lowered by one full letter grade. Special arrangements can be made, but only with the instructors approval. 10% of grade based on attendance and class participation. A final word on grades, extensions, etc.: Crises happen! (to euphemize the common expression). Tell me your problem as soon as possible and adjustments can be made. Exceptions can be made for good reasons, but I must hear the situation/explanation from you before the due date. Im reasonable and can negotiate deals so that work can be turned in satisfactorily. But dont come out of the woodwork at the last moment. Required and Optional readings: There are two textbooks and a course packet book required for this course: S. Donadoni, ed., The Egyptians (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1997). D.J. Brewer and E. Teeter, Egypt and the Egyptians (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999). [In addition many other readings will come from two multi-volume sources, which, because of their great expense, are not required purchases: J.M. Sasson, ed., Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, four vols. (New York: Scribners, 1995), henceforth abbreviated CANE, and M. Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, three vols. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973-1980). CANE is on reserve in the Reference Room in Bobst Library.] The course packet book contains chapters and articles from various sources. It can be purchased from Advanced Copy Center at 522 LaGuardia Place, between Third Street and Bleeker Street. The optional readings are maintained at both the Ettinghausen Library. The optional materials are maintained in two brown bankers boxes on a shelf in the rear section of the Ettinghausen Librarys first floor. In addition, I keep a complete set of readings in my office as well in case materials should go missing. Optional are just that, optional these are readings supplied for those wishing to pursue certain aspects of Egyptian cultural and social history on their own. These readings will be also serve as the bibliography for the papers in the course. Lecture 1 Getting to Know Egypt Introduction and administration. Geography, climate, population.

Art and Language. Lecture 2 Egypt, its History, and its Attitude towards the Past A Sketch of Egyptian history. The Egyptian view towards the past and their history. The King as the focal point of Egyptian society. Lectures 1 and 2: (Sept. 6 and 11) Required: Brewer and Teeter, The river, valley, and desert, Chapt. 2 in Egypt and the Egyptians 16-26. Brewer and Teeter, Language and Writing, Chapt. 8 in Egypt and the Egyptians 110124. James, T.G.H., The Written Record and its Validity, in Pharaohs People. Scenes from Life in Imperial Egypt (London 1984) 25-50. Optional: Baines, J., Ancient Egyptian concepts and uses of the past: 3rd to 2nd millennium BC evidence, in R. Layton, ed., Who Needs the Past? Indigenous Values and Archaeology (London 1989) 131-149. Bleiberg, E., Historical Texts as Political Propaganda, BES 7 (1985/86) 5-13. Gardiner, A.H., The Egyptian Language and Writing, and The Land, its Neighbors and Resources, in Egypt of the Pharaohs (Oxford 1961) 27-45 Gardiner, A.H., The Land, its Neighbors and Resources, in Egypt of the Pharaohs (Oxford 1961) 27-45. Englund, G., The Treatment of Opposites in Temple Thinking and Wisdom Literature, in The Religion of the Ancient Egyptians: Cognitive Structures and Popular Expressions 77-88. Leahy, A., Ethnic Diversity in Ancient Egypt, in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE I 225-234. Loprieno, A., Ancient Egyptian and Other Afroasiatic Languages, in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE IV (New York 1995) 2135-2150. Roth, A.M., Building Bridges to Afrocentrism: A Letter to my Egyptological Colleagues, unpubl. Trigger, B., Ancient Egypt in Cross-cultural Perspective, in J. Lustig, ed., Anthropology and Egyptology. A Developing Dialogue (Sheffield 1997) 137-143. Van de Mieroop, M., On writing a History of the Ancient Near East, BiOr 54 (1997) 285-305. Weeks, K., Egyptology, Language, and Art, Egyptology and the Social Sciences 57-81. Lecture 3 The Classes of Egypt and its Economy (Sept. 13) Egypts classes: The king, the elite, the scribes, and the common people. The profound effect of agriculture on the Egyptian world view. Agricultural methods, crops and livestock. Readings: Required: Brewer and Teeter, The Government and the Governed, Chapt. 5 Egypt and the Egyptians 16-26.

Lorton, D., Legal and Social Institutions of Ancient Egypt, in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE I 345-362. Optional: Caminos, R.A., Peasants, Chapt. 1 in Donadoni, The Egyptians 1-30. Cruz-Uribe, E., A Model for the Political Structure of Ancient Egypt, in D.P. Silverman, ed., For His Ka. Essays Offered in Memory of Klaus Baer. SAOC 55 (Chicago 1994) 45-53. James, T.G.H., The Bucolic Mode, Chapt. 4 in Pharaohs People: Scenes from Life in Imperial Egypt (London 1984) 100-131. Leprohon, R.J., Royal Ideology and State Administration in Pharaonic Egypt, in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE I 273-287. Strouhal, E., The Bounty of the Black Earth, Chapt. 8 in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 91-107. Strouhal, E., Stockbreeding and the Hunt, Chapt. 9 in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 109-123. Lecture 4 Religion 1 (Sept. 18) A comparison of Egyptian religion with the Judeo-Christian \ Islamic traditions. Egypts Religions -- Funerary Religion, Divine and Royal, Popular Religion. The Gods. The King as a God; the Kings religious role. Required: Goelet, O., Introduction, in E. von Dassow, ed., The Egyptian Book of the Dead. The Book of Going Forth by Day (San Francisco 1994) 13-18. Hornung, E., The Pharaoh, Chapt. 10 in Donadoni, The Egyptians 283-314. Optional: Baines, J., Kingship, Definition of Culture, and Legitimation, Chapt. 1 in D. OConnor and D. Silverman, eds., Ancient Egyptian Kingship (Leiden 1995) 3-47. Quirke, S., Power in Heaven, Chapt. 1 in Ancient Egyptian Religion (London 1992) 2151. Silverman, D., The Nature of Egyptian Kingship, Chapt. 2 in D. OConnor and D. Silverman, eds., Ancient Egyptian Kingship (Leiden 1995) 49-87. Teeter, E., Popular Worship in Ancient Egypt, KMT (Summer 1993) 82-37. Lecture 5 Rationale for Rule (Sept. 20) Maat and chaos - Egyptian world view. Maat, Kingship, Officialdom, and the People. Law, justice and fairness. Maat and stasis. Required: Hornung, E., Excursus: The challenge of the nonexistent, in Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt: The One and the Many, J. Baines, trans. (Ithaca, NY 1982) 172185. Hornung, E., The Concept of Maat, Chapt. 7 in Idea into Image. Essays on Ancient Egyptian Thought, E. Bredeck, trans. (New York 1992) 131-145. Optional:

Baines, J., Interpretations of religion: logic, discourse, rationality, GM 76 (1984) 25-54. Baines, J., Restricted Knowledge, Hierarchy, and Decorum: Modern Perceptions and Ancient Institutions, JARCE 27 (1990) 1-23. James, T.G.H., Justice for Everybody, Chapt. 3 in Pharaohs People: Scenes from Life in Imperial Egypt (London 1984) 73-99. Morenz, S., The Religious Origin of Egyptian Civilization, Chapt. 1 in Egyptian Religion, A.E. Keep, trans. (Ithaca, N.Y. 1973) 6-15. Wilson, J.A., on Maat in The Culture of Ancient Egypt (Chicago 1951) 48-49. Lecture 6 Introduction to the Egyptian State (Sept. 25) The mechanics of Egyptian Government. The ruler and the ruled. Statecraft - the Egyptian bureaucracy. Required: Berlev, O., Bureaucrats, Chapt. 4 in Donadoni, The Egyptians 87-118. James, T.G.H., The Vizier and his Role, Chapt. 2 in Pharaohs People: Scenes from Life in Imperial Egypt (London 1984) 51-72. Optional: Baines, J., and C.J. Eyre, Four Notes on Literacy, GM 61 (1983) 65-96. Edgerton, W.F., The Government and the Governed in the Egyptian Empire, JNES 6 (1947) 152-160. Foster, J., Wordplay in The Eloquent Peasant: The Eighth Complaint, BES 10 (1989/90) 61-76. Kemp, B.J., The bureaucratic mind, Chapt. 3 in Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilization (London and New York 1989) 111-136. Lichtheim, M., The Eloquent Peasant, in Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1975) 169-184. Quirke, S., Preserving the Universe: Kingship and Cult, Ancient Egyptian Religion (London 1992) 70-103. Strouhal, E., Administrators and managers, in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 215-221. Lecture 7 Women in Egyptian Society (Sept. 27) The unusual power of women in a male-dominated society. Wives. Priestesses. Queens. Required: Feucht, E., Women, Chapt. 11 in Donadoni, The Egyptians 315-346. Robins, G., Queens, power, and the assumption of kingship, Chapt. 2 in Women in Ancient Egypt (London 1993) 42-55. Optional: Bryan, B.M., The Etymology of xnr Group of Musical Performers, BES 4 (1982) 3554. Cerny, J., Consanguineous Marriages in Pharaonic Egypt, JEA 40 (1954) 23-29.

Fischer, H., Egyptian Women of the Old Kingdom and of the Heracleopolitan Period (New York 1989) 1-25. Robins, G., The economic and legal position of women, Chapt. 7 in Women in Ancient Egypt (London 1993) 127-141. Robins, G., A critical examination of the theory that the right to the throne of ancient Egypt passed through the female line in the 18th dynasty, GM 62 (1983) 67-77. Robins, G., Women and Temple Ritual, Chapt. 8 in Women in Ancient Egypt (London 1993) 142-156. Robins, G., Women outside the Home, Chapt. 6 in Women in Ancient Egypt (London 1993) 111-126. Schulman, A.R., Diplomatic Marriages in the Egyptian New Kingdom, JNES 38 (19979) 177-193. Strouhal, E., Marriage and the Standing of Women, Chapt. 5 in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 51-61. Lecture 8 Egyptian Philosophical Thought (Oct. 2) Cosmologies and Philosophy in Egypt. The creation of the world. The position of man and Egypt in the Universe. Required: Brewer and Teeter, Religion and religious practices, Chapter 6 in Egypt and the Egyptians 84-94. Hornung, E., Origins, Chapt. 2 in Idea into Image. Essays on Ancient Egyptian Thought, E. Bredeck, trans. (New York 1992) 39-54. Optional: Allen, J.P., Genesis in Egypt. The Philosophy of Ancient Egyptian Creation Accounts. YES 2 (New Haven 1988). Allen, J.P., The Cosmology of the Pyramid Texts, YES 3 (1989) 89-101. Anthes, R., Mythology in Ancient Egypt, in S.N. Kramer, ed., Mythologies of the Ancient World (Garden City, NY 1961) 15-92. Assmann, J., State and Religion in the New Kingdom, YES 3 (1989) 55-88. van Dijk, J., Myth and Mythmaking in Ancient Egypt, in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE III 1697-1709. Lecture 9 The Monotheistic Experiment of Akhenaten (Oct. 4) The history of the reign; Revolution from the top; the iconographic background. The Hymn to the Aten - its theology. The aftermath of the Amarna period; reform and restoration in Egyptian society. Required: Redford, D., The Spiritual Milieu of Akhenatens Reaction, and The Object of Akhenatens Worship, Chapts. 9 and 10 in Akhenaten: The Heretic King (Princeton 1984) 157-181. Lichtheim, M., Two Hymns to the Sun God, and Hymns and Prayers from el Amarna, in Ancient Egyptian Literature II (Berkeley 1976) 86-100. Optional: Allen, J., The Natural Philosophy of Akhenaten, YES 3 (1989) 89-101.

Assmann, J., Akhanyatis Theology of Light and Time, The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Proceedings 7, 4 (Jerusalem 1992) 143-176. Grimal, N., Akhenaten, Chapt. 10 in A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw, trans. (Cambridge, MA 1992) 226-244. Hornung, E., The Initiative of Akhenaten, excerpt from Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt (Ithaca, NY 1982) 244-250. Redford, D., The Sun-disc in Akhenatens Program: Its Worship and Antecedents, JARCE 13 (1976) 47-61. Redford, D., The Sun-disc in Akhenatens Program: Its Worship and Antecedents. II, JARCE 17 (1980) 21-38. Lecture 10 Science and technology (Oct. 11) An overall view of the sciences. Mathematics and astronomy. Metallurgy and related fields. Required: Robins, G., Mathematics, Astronomy, and Calendars in Pharaonic Egypt, in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE III 1799-1813. Harris, J.R., Technology and Materials, Chapt. 4 in J.R. Harris, ed., The Legacy of Egypt, 2nd ed. (Oxford 1971) 83-111. Optional: Strouhal, E., Craftsmen at Work, in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 137-155. Strouhal, E., For Every Malady a Cure, in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 243-251. Toomer, G.J., Mathematics and Astronomy, Chapt. 2 in J.R. Harris, ed., The Legacy of Egypt, 2nd ed. (Oxford 1971) 27-53. Weeks, K., Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health in Ancient Egypt, in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE III 1787-1798. Lecture 11 Elements of the Economy (Oct. 16) The Egyptian economy and its religious metaphors The mechanisms of a redistributive economy. Modes of economic organization in Egypt: the royal house and the temple. Taxation and tribute. Required: Bleiberg, E., The Economy of Ancient Egypt, in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE III 13731385. Optional: Cerny, J., Prices and wages in Egypt in the Ramessid Period, JESHO 1 (1954) 903921. Janssen, J.J., Ancient Egyptian Economics, Chapt. 4 in Commodity Prices from the Ramessid Period (Leiden 1975) 539-562. Janssen, J.J., Prolegomena to the Study of Egypts Economic History during the New Kingdom, SAK 3 (1975) 127-185. Janssen, J.J., The Role of the Temple in Egyptian Economy during the New Kingdom, OLP 6 (1979) 505-515.

Kemp, B.J., The birth of economic man, Chapt. 6 in Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilization (London and New York 1991) 232-260. Lecture 12 Literature 1 (Oct. 18) On translating Egyptian. Towards a definition of literature. The genres of Egyptian literature. The Egyptian autobiographical inscription, or self-presentation. Required: Perdu, O., Ancient Egyptian Autobiographies, in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE IV 22432254. Redford, D., Ancient Egyptian Literature: An Overview, in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE IV 2223-2241. Optional: Bleiberg, E., Historical Texts as Political Propaganda, BES 7 (1985/86) 5-13. Lamdin, T.O., Egypt: its Language and Literature, in E.G. White (ed.), The Bible and the Ancient Near East (New York 1961) 369-395. Lichtheim, M., Monumental Inscriptions from Private Tombs, Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1972) 15-27; 83-93. Posener, G., Literature, in J.R. Harris, ed., The Legacy of Egypt, 2nd ed. (Oxford 1971) 220-256. Lecture 13 Daily Life 1 - Life at home (Oct. 23) Love, Sex, and Birth. Family life. Egyptian home life. Required: Brewer and Teeter, Society and its Expectations, Chapt. 7 in Egypt and the Egyptians 95-109. Optional: Robins, G., The family and the household, Chapt. 5 in Women in Ancient Egypt (London 1993) 92-110. Strouhal, E., The Start of Life, Chapt. 1 in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 11-19. Strouhal, E., Carefree Childhood, Chapt. 2 in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 21-29. Lecture 14 Daily Life 2 - Material Concerns (Oct. 25) Housing and life in towns. Clothing. Food and drink. Required: Brewer and Teeter, Cities, Towns, and Villages, Chapt. 4 in Egypt and the Egyptians 52-68. Brewer and Teeter, Homes of the people, the pharaoh, the gods, in Egypt and the Egyptians 125-146.

Optional: James, T.G.H., A Desirable Residence, Chapt. 8 in Pharaohs People. Scenes from Life in Imperial Egypt (London 1984) 211-235. James, T.G.H., Domestic Economy, Chapt. 9 in Pharaohs People. Scenes from Life in Imperial Egypt (London 1984) 240-269. Strouhal, E., Homes and Communities, Chapt. 6 in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 63-75. Strouhal, E., The Ancient Egyptians Diet, Chapt. 10 in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 125-135. Strouhal, E., Dress, Adornment and Body Care, Chapt. 7 in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 77-89. Lecture 15 Daily Life 3 - School and other forms of fun (Oct. 30) Schooling and future employment. Music, dancing and singing. Games and sport. Required: Roccati, A., Scribes, Chapt. 3 in Donadoni, The Egyptians 61-85. Janssen, R.M. and J.J., Games, Chapt. 5 in Growing up in Ancient Egypt (London 1990) 55-66. Optional: Janssen, R.M. and J.J., The Schoolboy, Chapt. 6 in Growing up in Ancient Egypt (London 1990) 99-89. Lichtheim, M., Be a Scribe, Part 5 in Ancient Egyptian Literature II (Berkeley 1976) 167-178. Lichtheim, M., The Satire of the Trades, Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1973) 184-191. Strouhal, E., Education and Learning, Chapt. 3 in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 31-37. Strouhal, E., Courtship and Entertainment, Chapt. 4 in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 39-49. Lecture 16 The Egyptian Mortuary Culture (Nov. 1) Commemoration in Egyptian Society. The dead and the living. Funerary Endowments. Required: Donadoni, S., The Dead, Chapt. 9 in The Egyptians 255-281. Optional: Bolshakov, A., The Moment of the Establishment of the Tomb-Cult in Ancient Egypt, AFo 18 (1991) 204-218. Lehner, M., The Development of the Giza Necropolis: The Khufu Project, MDAIK 41 (1985) 109-143. Parkinson, R.B., The other life, in Voices from Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Middle Kingdom Writings. Oklamhoma Series in Classical Culture 9 (Norman, OK 1991) 131-146.

Quirke, S., Surviving Death. Transfiguration, Chapt. 5 in Ancient Egyptian Religion (London 1992) 140-171. Spenser, A.J., The Egyptian Afterlife, Chapt. 6 in Death in Ancient Egypt (London 1982) 139-164. Spenser, A.J., Providing for the Dead, Chapt. 5 in Death in Ancient Egypt (London 1982) 45-73. te Velde, H., Commemoration in Ancient Egypt, in Visible Religion 1 (1982) 135-153. Lecture 17 Literature 2 (Nov. 6) The genres of Egyptian literature. The narrative tale. Brief remarks on Didactic Literature. Required: Hollis, S.T., Tales of Magic and Wonder from Ancient Egypt, in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE IV 2255-2264. Optional: Lichtheim, M., Didactic Literature, in A. Loprieno, ed., Ancient Egyptian Literature. History and Forms. Probleme der gyptologie 10 (Leiden 1996) 243-262. Lichtheim, M., Prose Tales, in Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1975) 211- 235. Lichtheim, M., Tales, Part 7 in Ancient Egyptian Literature II (Berkeley 1976) 197230. Posener, G., Literature, in J.R. Harris, ed., The Legacy of Egypt, 2nd ed. (Oxford 1971) 220-256. Lecture 18 Literature 3 (Nov. 8) The poetry of non-literary texts. Hymns and royal inscriptions. Poetry. Required: Lichtheim, M., Three Harpers Songs, and A Spell from the Coffin Texts, Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1973) 131-133; 193-197. Lichtheim, M., Love Poems, Part 6 in Ancient Egyptian Literature II (Berkeley 1976) 181-193. Lichtheim, M., Hymns, Prayers and a Harpers Song, Part 2 in Ancient Egyptian Literature II (Berkeley 1976) 81-116. Lichtheim, M., Monumental Inscriptions, in Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1975) 15-27; 113-130. Lichtheim, M., Monumental Inscriptions, in Ancient Egyptian Literature II (Berkeley 1976) 11-77. Optional: Goelet, O., The Anaphoric Style in Egyptian Hymnody, JSSEA 28 (2002) 75-89. Lecture 19 Didactic/Wisdom Literature 1 - Moral Philosophy (Nov. 13) The development of didactic literature. The importance of the scribe and bureaucracy: proper behavior. The relationship of didactic literature and the ideal biography.

Lecture 20 Didactic/Wisdom Literature 2 - Religious Concerns (Nov. 15) The correct relationship between people, moral behavior and the golden rule. Is virtue its own reward? Does fate have a role: fate and destiny. The relationship between god and man. Required: Lichtheim, M., Didactic Literature, Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1973) 5880. Lichtheim, M., Didactic Literature, Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1975) 134192. Lichtheim, M., The Instruction of Any, and The Instruction of Amenemope, Ancient Egyptian Literature II (Berkeley 1976) 135-163. Williams, R.J., Piety and Ethics in the Ramessid Age, JSSEA 8 (1978) 131-137. Optional: Baines, J., Contexts of Fate: Literature and Practical Religion, in C. Eyre, et al., eds., The Unbroken Reed. Studies in the Culture and Heritage of Ancient Egypt in Honour of A.F. Shore (London 1994) 35-52. Griffiths, J.G., Intimations in Egyptian non-royal Biography of a Belief in Divine Impact on Human Affairs, in J. Baines, et al., eds., Pyramid Studies and Other Essays Presented to I.E.S. Edwards (London 1988) 92-102. Lichtheim, M., Didactic Literature, in A. Loprieno, ed., Ancient Egyptian Literature. History and Forms Probleme der gyptologie 10 (Leiden 1996) 243-262. Miosi, F.T., God, Fate and Free Will in Egyptian Wisdom Literature, in Studies in Philology in Honour of Ronald James Williams, G.A. Kadish and G.E. Freeman, eds. (Toronto 1982) 69-111. Shupak, N., Comparative Aspects of Biblical and Ancient Egyptian Wisdom, Bulletin of the Israeli Academic Center in Cairo 11 (Jan. 1989) 4-11. Shupak, N., Egyptian Prophecy and Biblical Prophecy: Did the Phenomenon of Prophecy, in the Biblical Sense, Exist in Ancient Egypt, JEOL 31 (1989/90) 540. Shupak, N., The Sitz im Leben of Proverbs in the Light of a Comparison of Biblical and Egyptian Wisdom Literature, Revue Biblique 94 (1987) 98-119. Simpson, W.K., Amor Dei: nur mrr rmu m t3 w3 (Sh. Sai. 147-148) and the Embrace, in J. Assmann, et al., eds., Fragen an die altgyptische Literatur (Otto Gs.) (Wiesbaden 1977) 493-502. Lecture 21 Religion 2 - Communicating with the Other (Nov. 20) Communication between man and god: Dreams, Oracles and Miracles. Communication between the living and the dead. Required: Cerny, J., Egyptian Oracles, Chapt. 6 in R.A. Parker, A Saite Oracle Papyrus from Thebes (Providence 1962) 35-48. Parkinson, R.B., The other life, in Voices from Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Middle Kingdom Writings. Oklahoma Series in Classical Culture 9 (Norman, OK 1991) 131-146. Optional:

Borghouts, J.F., Divine Intervention in Egypt and its Manifestation (b3w), in R.J. Demare and J.J. Janssen, eds., Gleanings from Deir el-Medna (Leiden 1982) 170. Grumach, I., On Revelation in Ancient Egypt, BSAK 3 (1988) 379-384. Gunn, B., The Religion of the Poor in Ancient Egypt, JEA 3 (1916) 81-94. Hornung, E., Divine Action and Human Response, Chapt. 6 in Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt: The One and the Many (Ithaca, NY 1982) 197-216. Kemp, B.J., How Religious were the Ancient Egyptians? CAJ 5:1 (1995) 25-54. Wente, E., Letters to the Dead and to Gods, in Chapt. 12 in Letters from Ancient Egypt. SBL Writings from the Ancient World Series 1 (Atlanta 1990) 210-220. Lecture 22 Religion 3 - The Practical Concerns of Religious Life (Nov. 22) Temples. Festivals and other celebrations The role of statues in Egyptian religion: Ikhernofret. Required: Hornung, E., The Temple as Cosmos, Chapt. 6 in Idea into Image. Essays on Ancient Egyptian Thought, E. Bredeck, trans. (New York 1992) 39-54. Lichtheim, M., Stela of Ikhernofret, in Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1973) 123-125. Pernigotti, S., Priests, in Chapt. 5 in Donadoni, The Egyptians 121-150. Optional: Assmann, J., Ocular Desire in a Time of Darkness: Urban Festivals and Divine Visibility in Ancient Egypt, A. Agus and J. Assmann, eds., Torat ha-Adam. Yearbook of Religious Anthropology 1 (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1994) 13-29. Bleeker, C.J., The Dramatic Character of the Egyptian Festivals, and The Magical Purport, in Egyptian Festivals: Enactments of Religious Renewal (Leiden 1967) 40-50. Baines, J., Palaces and Temples of Ancient Egypt, in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE I 303317. Curto, S., Some Notes concerning the Religion and Statues of Divinites of Ancient Egypt, in Studien zu Sprache und Religion gyptens (Westendorf Fs.), F. Junge, ed. (Gttingen 1984) 717-734. Englund, G., The Treatment of Opposites in Temple Thinking and Wisdom Literature, in The Religion of the Ancient Egyptians: Cognitive Structures and Popular Expressions 77-88. Hornung, E., History as Celebration, Chapt. 8 in Idea into Image (New York 1992) 147-164. Lecture 23 Magic, Rituals and Medicine (Nov. 27) Problems of Definition. Types of magic. Some magical practices. Rituals and magic. Required:

Borghouts, J.F., Witchcraft, Magic, and Divination in Ancient Egypt, in J.M. Sasson, ed., CANE III 1775-1785. Ritner, R.K., Egyptian Magic: Questions of Legitimacy, Religious Orthodoxy and Social Deviance, in A.B. Lloyd, ed., Studies in Pharaonic Religion amd Society in Honour of J. Gwyn Griffiths (London 1992) 189-200. Optional: Barb, A.A., Mystery, Myth and Magic, Chapt. 6 in The Legacy of Egypt, J.R. Harris, ed. (Oxford 1971) 138-169. Borghouts, J.F., 3x.w (akhw) and ok3.w (hekau), Two Basic Notions of Ancient Egyptian Magic, and the Concept of the Divine Creative Word, in La Magia in Egitto, A. Roccati and A. Siliotti, eds. 29-46. Ritner, R.K., Egyptian magic: Questions of Legitimacy, Religious Orthodoxy and Social Deviance, in A.B. Lloyd, ed., Studies in Pharaonic Religion amd Society in Honour of J. Gwyn Griffiths (London 1992) 189-200. Ritner, R.K., Introduction, The Vocabulary of Magic, Chapts. 1 and 2 in The Mechanics of Ancient Egyptian Magical Practice. SAOC 54 (Chicago 1993) 1-73. Ritner, R.K., Religion vs. Magic. The Evidence of the Magical Statue Bases, in The Intellectual Heritage of Egypt (Kkosy Fs.). Studia Aegyptiaca 14 (Budapest 1992) 495-501. Lecture 24 The Complex Egyptian Afterlife 1 (Nov. 24) Death, mummification, and burial. The importance of a tomb. Tomb Design. Introduction to afterlife concepts; judgment after death. Required: Hornung, E., Body and Soul, Chapt. 9 in Idea Into Image. Essays on Ancient Egyptian Thought, E. Bredeck, trans. (New York 1992) 167-184. Teeter and Brewer, The quest for eternity, Chapt. 10 in Egypt and the Egyptians 147168. Optional: Quirke, S., Surviving Death. Transfiguration, Chapt. 5 in Ancient Egyptian Religion (London 1992) 140-171. Quirke, S., Surviving Life. Protection of the Body, Chapt. 4 in Ancient Egyptian Religion (London 1992) 104-139. Shore, A.F., Human and Divine Mummification, in A.B. Lloyd, ed., Studies in Pharaonic Relgion and Society in Honour of J. Gwyn Griffiths (London 1992) 226-235. Spencer, A.J., Coffins and Sarcophagi, Chapt. 7 in Death in Ancient Egypt (New York 1982) 165-194. Spenser, A.J., The Egyptian Afterlife, Chapt. 6 in Death in Ancient Egypt (London 1982) 139-164. Spencer, A.J., Preserved for Eternity, Chapt. 5 in Death in Ancient Egypt (New York 1982) 112-138. Strouhal,E., . . . Whence No Traveller Returns, Chapt. 20 in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 253-266.

Troy, L., Creating a God. The Mummification Ritual, BACE 4 (1993) 55-81. Lecture 25 The Complex Egyptian Afterlife 2 (Dec. 4) The royal afterlife. Royal mortuary literature: the Book of Caverns, the Amduat, etc. The journey of the Sun through the night sky. Required: Allen, J.P., Reading a Pyramid, in C. Berger, et al., eds., Hommages Jean Leclant I. Bd 106, 1 (Cairo 1994) 5-28. Hornung, E., The Hereafter, Chapt. 5 in Idea into Image. Essays on Ancient Egyptian Thought, E. Bredeck, trans. (New York 1992) 95-129. Optional: Hornung, E., The Architecture of the Royal Tombs, Chapt. 2 in The Valley of the Kings: Horizon of Eternity, D. Warburton , trans. (New York 1982) 23-31. Srensen, J.P., Divine Access: The so-called Democratization of Egyptian Funerary Literature as a Socio-cultural Process, The Religion of the Ancient Egyptians: Cognitive Structures and Popular Expressions. Boreas 20 (1987) 109-123. Wente, E., Mysticism in pharaonic Egypt ? JNES 41 (1982) 161-179. Lecture 26 The Complex Egyptian Afterlife 3 (Dec. 6) The afterlife of the private person: some general differences. The democratization of the afterlife. The Coffin Texts. The Book of the Dead and other literature. Required: Finnestad, R.B., The Pharaoh and the Democratization of the Post-mortem Life, The Religion of the Ancient Egyptians: Cognitive Structures and Popular Expressions. Boreas 20 (1987) 89-93. Hornung, E., Body and Soul, Chapt. 9 in Idea into Image. Essays on Ancient Egyptian Thought, E. Bredeck, trans. (New York 1992) 167-184. Optional: Baines, J., Restricted Knowledge, Hierarchy, and Decorum: Modern Perceptions and Ancient Institutions, JARCE 27 (1990) 1-23. Lichtheim, M., From the Book of the Dead, Ancient Egyptian Literature II (Berkeley 1976) 119-132. Lichtheim, M., From the Pyramid Texts, in Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1973) 29-50. Lichtheim, M., Three Harpers Songs, and A Spell from the Coffin Texts, Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley 1973) 131-133; 193-197. Srensen, J.P., Divine Access: The so-called Democratization of Egyptian Funerary Literature as a Socio-cultural Process, The Religion of the Ancient Egyptians: Cognitive Structures and Popular Expressions. Boreas 20 (1987) 109-123. Lecture 27 Egypt and the Outside World 1 (Dec. 11) The Egyptian attitude towards outsiders and the outside world. Military and Warfare.

Foreign trade. Egypt as an imperialistic power. Required: Bresciani, E., Foreigners, Chapt. 8 in Donadoni, The Egyptians 221-253. Ibada el-Nubi, S., Soldiers, Chapt.6 in Donadoni, The Egyptians 151-184. Optional: Frandsen, P.J., Egyptian Imperialism, in Power and Propaganda. Mesopotamia 7 (Copenhagen 1979) 167-190. Kemp, B.J., Imperialism and Empire in New Kingdom Egyptian, in Imperialism in the Ancient world (c. 1575-1078B.C.), P.D.A. Garnsey, et al. (Cambridge 1978) 7-57. Strouhal, E., The Fortunes of War, Chapt. 15 in The Life of the Ancient Egyptians, D. Viney, trans. (Norman, OK 1992) 201-213. Lecture 28 Egypt and the Outside World 2 (Dec. 13) Foreign rule in Egypt. Home grown foreigners. Invasive Foreigners The Ptolemies -- Foreigners who Came to Stay. And Lecture 29 The Legacy of Egypt (Dec. 13) Why this course ?: Assessing Egypts contributions to the world. Egypts relevancy to todays world. Required: Grimal, N., Nubians and Saites, Chapt. 14 in A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw, trans. (Cambridge, MA 1992) 334-366. Grimal, N., Persians and Greeks, Chapt. 15 in A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw, trans. (Cambridge, MA 1992) 367-388. Williams, R.J., Egypt and Israel, in The Legacy of Egypt2, J.R. Harris, ed. (Oxford 1971) 257-290. Optional: Atkinson, K., The Legitimacy of Cambyses and Darius as Kings of Egypt, JAOS 76 (1956) 167-177. Fischer, H., The Nubian Mercenaries of Gebelein during the First Intermediate Period, Kush 9 (1961) 44-81. Grimal, N., The Invasion, Chapt. 8 in A History of Ancient Egypt, I. Shaw, trans. (Cambridge, MA 1992) 182-195. Praux, C., Graeco-Roman Egypt, Chapt. 12 in The Legacy of Egypt2, J.R. Harris, ed. 323-354. Ritner, R., Implicit Models of Cross-Cultural Interaction: A Question of Noses, Soap, and Prejudice, in J. Johnson, ed., Life in a Multi-Cultural Society: Egypt from Cambyses to Constantine and Beyond. SAOC 51 (Chicago 1992) 283-290.