Prova de Ingls - FARMACOLOGIA

Cdigo do Candidato: ___________________

Background Beta-blocking agents reduce the risk of hospitalization and death in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure, but little is known about their effects in severe heart failure. Methods We evaluated 2289 patients who had symptoms of heart failure at rest or on minimal exertion, who were clinically euvolemic, and who had an ejection fraction of less than 25 percent. In a double-blind fashion, we randomly assigned 1133 patients to placebo and 1156 patients to treatment with carvedilol for a mean period of 10.4 months, during which standard therapy for heart failure was continued. Patients who required intensive care, had marked fluid retention, or were receiving intravenous vasodilators or positive inotropic drugs were excluded. Results There were 190 deaths in the placebo group and 130 deaths in the carvedilol group. This difference reflected a 35 percent decrease in the risk of death with carvedilol (95 percent confidence interval, 19 to 48 percent; P=0.0014, adjusted for interim analyses). A total of 507 patients died or were hospitalized in the placebo group, as compared with 425 in the carvedilol group. This difference reflected a 24 percent decrease in the combined risk of death or hospitalization with carvedilol. The favorable effects on both end points were seen consistently in all the subgroups we examined. Fewer patients in the carvedilol group than in the placebo group withdrew because of adverse effects or for other reasons (P=0.02). Conclusions The previously reported benefits of carvedilol with regard to morbidity and mortality in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure were also found in the patients with severe heart failure who were evaluated in this trial.
(This article has received 1,160 citations in the Web of Science until January, 24 , 2011)
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Baseado no texto acima, responda as seguintes questes: 1. Qual foi o critrio para a escolha dos participantes no estudo acima? R: Os critrios foram: apresentar sintomas de falncia cardaca no repouso ou com o mnimo de esforo, apresentar volemia clinicamente normal e apresentar frao de ejeo menor que 25 por cento.

2. Quais foram os principais resultados obtidos? R: Os principais resultados obtidos foram: (a) a terapia com Carvedilol reduziu o risco de morte em 35% e (b) o risco combinado de morte ou hospitalizao foi reduzido em 24% quando comparados ao grupo placebo.

3. Quais os avanos promovidos pelo estudo acima com relao a utilizao do carvedilol para o tratamento da insuficincia cardaca? R: Este foi o primeiro estudo a mostrar os benefcios do tratamento com carvedilol em pacientes com insuficincia cardaca severa.

4. Em qual dos grupos houve maior taxa de remoo de pacientes do estudo e por qu? R: No grupo placebo. Os motivos foram efeitos adversos ao tratamento ou outras razes no especificadas.

5. Qual a classe farmacolgica da droga testada? R: A droga utilizada no estudo um agente beta bloqueador

Prova de Ingls Qumica

Nome do Candidato:

Paw Paw and Cancer: Annonaceous Acetogenins from Discovery to Commercial Products
Jerry L. McLaughlin*
J. Nat. Prod., 2008, 71 (7), pp 13111321 Copyright 2008 The American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy

Este artigo figura entre os mais lidos e mais citados do J. Nat. Products (F. Impacto =3.16, ISI 2009) Abstract

Extracts of paw paw (Asimina triloba, Annonaceae) are among the most potent of the 3500 species of higher plants screened for bioactive compounds in our laboratories at Purdue University. The paw paw is a small tree native to eastern North America; its edible fruits (sometimes referred to as Indiana Bananas) have nurtured mankind for centuries. Activitydirected fractionation of the paw paw extracts, using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, led to the isolation and molecular characterization of over 50 unique annonaceous acetogenins. Fractionation of extracts from related species resulted in the identification of over 150 additional acetogenins. The annonaceous acetogenins are derivatives of long-chain (C32 or C34) fatty acids. They are potent inhibitors of mitochondrial (complex I) as well as cytoplasmic (anaerobic) production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the related nucleotides. The powerful cytotoxicity, in vivo antitumor, pesticidal, antimalarial, anthelmintic, piscicidal, antiviral, and antimicrobial effects indicated a myriad of potentially useful applications.

Baseado no texto acima, responda em portugus o que for solicitado:

Questo 1. Como a potncia do extrato de Asimina triloba se compara com as outras espcies investigadas no laboratrio do autor? R: A potncia do extrato de Asimina triloba uma das maiores comparadas a outras 3500 espcies de plantas superiores triadas. Questo 2. Qual o mecanismo de ao a nvel molecular das acetogeninas derivadas de plantas da famlia Anonaceae? R: So inibidores potentes da produo mitocondrial (complexo I) e citoplasmtica (anaerbica) de ATP e nucleotdeos relacionados. Questo 3. Que mtodo foi utilizado para o isolamento e caracterizao molecular das mais de 50 acetogeninas isoladas pelo grupo do autor? R: Os autores utilizaram o fracionamento biomonitorado usando o teste de toxicidade sobre Artemia salina Questo 4. De acordo com o texto, qual a natureza qumica das acetogeninas? R: So derivados de cidos graxos de cadeia longa (C32 ou C34) Questo 5. Que atividades biolgicas tornam as acetogeninas interessantes do ponto de vista de suas aplicaes potenciais? R: Atividade citotxica, antitumoral in vivo, pesticida, antimalrica, antihelmntica, piscicida, antiviral e antimicrobiana.