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growing sustainably
Fritha Hobbs | 1st Semester 2012 Advanced Design 1 | School of Architecture and Planning | Camia Young & Jordon Saunders
wooD
noun: 1. The hard fibrous material that forms the main substance of the trunk or branches of a tree or shrub. 2. such material when cut and used as timber or fuel.
timber
noun: 1. wood prepared for use in building and carpentry. 2. trees grown for such wood: contracts to cut timber.
Christchurch
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SAPWOOD -living cells only found in sapwood -inner region serves to transport water up and down the tree -often lighter in colour HEARTWOOD -all cells in heartwood are dead -often darker in colour than sapwood -often highly decay or insect resistand -may be difficult to penetrate with liquids -may be difficult to dry -no strength difference between heartwood and sapwood in almost all species
sapwood
heartwood
32
one year
earlywood latewood
SOFTWOOD - predominantly from conifers and evergreen trees - seeds uncovered - non porous structure - simple cell -ranges in density and not necessarily softer than hardwood
heartwood
fibreboard roads main particleboard railways paperboard pulp & paperforests native plywood planted forests veneer/LVL sawmill wood processing main
plants
HARDWOOD - predominantly from broad-leafed and deciduous trees - seeds within a ripening fruit - porous structure - more complexity and variety in cell structure - ranges in density and not necessarily harder than softwood
Taking a closer look at timber and its structural capacity I investigated its properties at various scales. The growth rings we see are made up of microscopic cell configurations which are responsible for the trees structure and its nutrient circulation.
cambium wall comprises fusiform initials ray initials which multiply to form cell structure of wood
fusiform initial
multiplies
fusiform initals
cell transformation: initial growth of cell cell shape influenced by factors at time of growth cell transformation : external force such as: wound, insects, fungus, bacteria, fire, weathering, climate death of cell [structure remains]
[fusiform initial multiplies then remains in cambium]
ray initial
multiplies
deterioration of wood
ray initals
visitor
carpark - manufacture
[independent of]
fungal attacK tyPe 3 walls break down cells disfigured cells dematerialise
office - manufacture
structure 2
barrier cell
new bark
circulation Diagrams
separated spaces free flow circulation
At the point of each cells initial growth, the trees environment informs how the cell is shaped. Factors such as temperature and water availability affect this. A second type of cell transformation will only happen if there is an external force on the cell, such as a fungal attack or a wound.
circulation oPtions
Studies of these circulations and cell transformations formed the basis of my buildings formal concept. A structurally regular and pragmatic exterior skin envelops the space and confines an environmentally stable condition within, while an organic form permeates the structure, piercing and shrouding it at various points, similar to the way a fungus was observed to move through the cells of a tree. The two forms remain structurally separate.
circulation stuDies
work
visit
exhibition space offices storage vehicular circulation manufacture workshop/laboratory lobby/meet parking seminar/training cafe and bookshop
storage
manufacturer
visitor
CLT manufacture loading bay storage lobby/circulation workshop/laboratory exhibition seminar/training parking offices cafe/bookshop
exhibition
workshop / laboratory
lobby / circulation
seminar / training
This organic form serves a similar purpose to a cell whereby it manages the circulation of visitors and responds to the volumes and needs of occupants moving through the space. At the entrance to the offices, for example, the form contracts, inhibiting flow into the space beyond. The exhibition space largely opens up, the walls retracting to allow a visual connection to the manufacture and research workshop space below.
11200sqm
3450sqm
14650sqm
program total
Program investigation
ground The building incorporates a range of functions. Primarily it is a space for manufacture of Cross-Laminated Timber and other laminated wood products. Space is also allocated for a research laboratory and workshop. This is a space that could be used to test products performance and develop new products. Columns extending down and two cores distinguish these spaces yet allow for flow of timber and manufacture equipment between them. The flow of production follows a practical layout, beginning at the north end (street front) of the building and moving towards the south end where a product will either be sent away or moved upstairs for exhibition or worked on in the workshop.
first
Apply adhesive
horizontal electrical servicing at roof, servicing open plan factory floor two service cores located where bathrooms are located, from roof to floor
services
Lay up panels
The secondary function is of a learning environment. The design seeks to integrate the two functions and expose visitors to the processes involved in laminated timbers manufacture whilst respecting the requirements for an operational manufacturing plant. An exhibition space and seminar rooms familiarise interested parties with the manufacture process, hovering above the factory. These spaces may also be used in conjunction with the research laboratory and workshop on the ground floor, further offering an engaging experience with the laminated timber products and their potential. The caf and bookshop pierce the glazing just above the loading dock, giving users the opportunity to view the trucks manoeuvring and goods being unloaded.
Press panels
main entry
This layout is appropriate for long-spanning glulam portal frames. The ridges are oriented in a way that daylighting can come in predominantly on the buildings southern side.
Program oPtions
Program DeveloPment
Program DeveloPment
DuRHAm STREET
MOORHOuSE AVENuE
Manchester St Columbo St Barbados St Madras St
DuRHAm STREET
MOORHOuSE AVENuE
9540sqm
north
site Plan
500m
north
site Plan
500m
site information
section B
corrugated plastic
CLT panels
section A
north
north
1:200
timber + time
northern europe regional building types reflect local climate and topography four building techniques: stave construction; blockwork; frame construction with horizontal planks; half timbering
eastern europe mainly extrapolations of log construction (blockwork) NOW east asia timber framed joined by bracketsets: strength and flexibility to withstand incessant earthquakes total absence of any discernible cross-bracing members oshevnevo house, russia, 20th c
panel construction
design freedoms simple form of construction repetitive load bearing ribs of slender, standardised sections building braced by sheeting simple materials procurement storey-by-storey assembly connections achieved by direct contact and with mechanical fasteners short on-site time, different manufacting depths possible.
log construction
highly skilled labour careful selection of wood artistic corner joints rigid plan layout settling allowance high timber consumption
town hall, germnay, middle ages america since, colonization 300 years ago, wood has remained americas primary house-building material
southeast asia as many styles as local ethnic groups houses built on piles that lift the floor of the building off the ground to avoid flooding and threats posed by animals and snakes to improve ventilation and maximize use of breezes
conveyor belt, australia, ad 1910 queen anne row houses, usa, ad 1894
nara, ad 1195
petajavesi church, the hallenhaus, finland, ad 1765 the wehlberg, germany ad 1750 cathedral of the transfiguration, karelia, ad 1714
the norwegian loft, the forbidden city, st catherine church, after ad 1349 beijing, ad 1420 honfleur, france, ad 1466 ,
himeji castle, japan, ad 1609 the main hall of kiyomizudera, japan, ad 1635
murray grove, london - worlds tallest modern timber multi-storey construction. Completely built with cross-lam prefab panels.
glue-laminated timber (glulam) is the name given to large solid wood members manufactured by gluing many smaller pieces together. glulam is an engineered structural material consisting of a number of graded, kiln dried and selected full length laminations - usually 45 mm thick - bonded with proven adhesives, to form a solid member of practically any length, shape or size.
Cross Laminated Timber is a relatively new technology to New Zealand, whereas it has been developing in Europe for some decades now, and is gaining traction in the united Kingdom and North America. It was conceived in Austria and is now receiving world-wide acclaim. Its popularity has come about in an age of growing environmental consciousness, scarce resources and the need to address our built surroundings with a sustainable vision. Its use in New Zealand is on a small scale; there is only one factory currently operating in Nelson, however there is huge room for development as it can be made using locally sourced timber from sustainably managed forests, of which we have many in New Zealand. It is a form of engineered wood, using layers of planks glued and pressed side by side, which are then stacked vertically to form solid panels of typically 3-7 layers. A CNC router cuts the panels to size and may make highly accurate cuts for windows, doors, services etc. All the panels are manufactured in factory conditions and transported to site. Panels are light enough to lift by helicopter so can be taken across difficult terrain. The adhesive used is formaldehyde and solvent free, creating a toxic-free environment for working with CLT. Commonly panels have been made from Spruce, Larch, Fir and Pine. Although 90% of our managed forests in NZ comprise Radiata Pine, domination of a single species is argued to be detrimental to the ecosystem. Cross Laminated timber panels can be made from a wide range of timbers and dont encourage this demand. Currently there are no provisions in place in the NZS3604 for cross laminated timber use. The NZS3603 for Engineered Design has provisions for solid timber which may be applicable to CLT however rigorous guidelines will need to be established for the material to be used to its potential in New Zealand and by a broad market. weekly progress of cross-lam building put up in six weeks. testing a cross- lam building on a seismic shaking table in kobe, japan. It withstood the test while contents of the building violently displaced.
post tensioned shear walls and post tensioned beams and columns are the latest in engineered timber technology that provide a solution for seismic performance. new generation of earthquake - resistant technology: pairs of rocking walls, joined with energy dissipators, the structure is able to absorbe seismic energy and reduce building damage in earthquake. all structural members local LvL (strength, durability, fire - resistence, equivalent of steel and concrete sustainable
material Details