GB.GOLD.

050101

GOLD

The GOLD Air Handling System Project Design Guide

Contents Project Design guide

General...................................................................... 56 Field of application..................................................... 56 Important Particulars about Sound ............................. 56 Sectionalising for Site Transport ................................. 57 Inspection Space ........................................................ 57 Sizing the Ducting System .......................................... 57 Temperature Control .................................................. 58 Airow Control .......................................................... 59 Source data for designing the project ......................... 60 Decentralized Ventilation Compendium ..................... 63

Specications are subject to alteration without notice.

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GOLD

Project Design Guide

General
The GOLD air handling system is based on technology that enables totally economical solutions. A large number of functions that in other makes of air handling unit require more or less extensive modication, are standard in the GOLD. It is important to consider the special features of the GOLD unit as you project design, install, adjust and operate it in order to obtain all the benets that the GOLD System has to offer. The GOLD system offers opportunities for total economic air handling. Low investment cost. This is achieved by production in series and an integrated control system, etc. Low installation costs. The air handling unit can be installed quickly and easily. The open and closed-loop control equipment is pre-wired for quick and simple connection of external functions such as presence d e t e ctors, dampers, coolers, etc. Low building construction costs. The GOLD units have compact outer dimensions and their GOLD Wing fans enable both functional sections and sharp bends to be connected directly to the unit. This means that plant rooms can be made even smaller. The GOLD can in many cases be used without any reheater if ERS regulation is employed. This keeps b o t h the installation costs and operating costs low. More exibility. Swegon has examined several cases in which engineers at rst designed one single large air handling into the project, but later decided to install a number of GOLD units instead. In the long r u n , this provided lower installation costs, greater exibility and lower operating costs. Good power efciency. The GOLD has an optimised design, both the air handling unit and its accessories, to minimize pressure losses and to achieve excellent power efciency. Low operating costs. The temperature gradient of the heat recovery section is up to 85% when the supply air and exhaust air ow rates are the same. The open and closed-loop control system enables optimal operating economy. Built-in functional control by means of self-adjusting air flows, service reports, etc. also contribute to e x c e llent total economy.

Total economy

The size 21/22 and 31/32 GOLD units can be selected with the upper fan outlet on the top for upward air discharge. This offers greater exibility and saves space.

Field of Application

The GOLD is designed for comfort ventilation, primarily in public buildings such as ofces, schools, day nurseries, municipal buildings, shops etc. In combination with the carbon lter section (accessory), the GOLD can also be used in buildings where the exhaust air comes from a blend of various business activities and there is a risk odour transfer. The GOLD should not be used for ventilation in damp buildings such as indoor swimming baths. The GOLD Air handling unit can be installed outdoors provided that it is tted with the following accessories: roof, air intake section and extract air cowl. However, duct accessories (i e cooler) and the hand-held terminal shall always be located indoors.

Important Particulars about Sound

The unique GOLD Wing fans generate a low noise level. In many cases, no silencer is needed for the unit itself only in the ducting system. However, it is advisable to always carry out a correct sound calculation for the surroundings of the installation space as well as for duct system. Only this can provide reliable information as to whether it will be necessary to insulate the plant room and about what number and type of silencer will be needed for the air handling unit and the ducting system.

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GB.GOLD.050101

GOLD

Project Design Guide

Applicable to size 21/22 and 31/32 GOLD units The size 21/22 and 31/32 GOLD units can easily be split up into three sections to facilitate transporting them through narrow openings or spaces at the building site. This enables transport of size 21/22 units through 800 mm wide openings and size 31/32 units through 900 mm wide openings. If the height of the GOLD 31/32 middle section is a problem, the junction hood and its housing can be dismantled. If this is not enough, the middle section can be tipped on its back. The sections are interconnected by means of bolts and the electrical and control cables between the sections have a quick connector.

Sectionalising for Site Transport

The preset air ow will be automatically kept constant in the GOLD if this function has been selected in the display. Lower air velocity in the ducting and air devices lowers the pressure drop, power consumption and the sound level. To achieve the best operating economy and a low sound Ievel, it is therefore important to project design the installation for the lowest pressure drop possible. The outdoor air and extract air hoods have been specially developed and optimised for the GOLD.

Sizing the ducting

Examples of how the air deector and pressed inlet minimise pressure losses in Swegon accessories for the GOLD.

AHU-specic duct or non-return damper

Zero calibration is an integrated function in the GOLD units. The correct execution of this function presupposes that every individual GOLD unit in a ventilation system be equipped with its own outdoor air and extract air hood/duct. In other cases, every individual unit should be equipped with a non-return damper or motorised damper in the outdoor air duct and/or the extract air duct.

Inspection area

Allow a clear space of at least 800 mm In front of the unit for changing the lters, general inspection and service. Allow a clear space of at least 50 mm above the junction hood of the unit to enable the hood to be lifted off.

Every GOLD unit should have an AHU-specic outdoor air duct (is also applicable for extract air duct/hood).

Air adjustment

If the GOLD is preset for constant air ow it is appropriate to use the proportional method for air adjustment. The speed of the fans can also be locked at the desired airow setting in conjunction with air adjustment.

If, despite this recommendation, the use of a common outdoor air duct is still desirable, a non-return damper or motorised damper should be tted in every branch duct to each GOLD unit (also applicable to common exhaust air duct/hood).
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GOLD

Temperature control

Project Design Guide

Exhaust air temperature-related supply air temperature control (ERS)

The GOLD air handling system is primarily designed for regulation of the supply air temperature by the exhaust air temperature.This can be described as exhaust air temperature-related supply air temperature regulation, or as we at Swegon call it: ERS regulation. The temperature of the air supplied to the premises will then be lower than the temperature of the exhaust air. This enables optimal use of the heat recovery unit. The temperature differential and the various steps can be set in the hand-held terminal. In a system with ERS regulation, the exhaust air devices should be located where the exhaust air is the warmest. The project designer can often omit the reheater if ERS regulation is used. This has a positive effect on total economy considering both the installation and running costs. Should the heat exchanger not be able to maintain the preset supply air temperature, the supply air ow in the GOLD will be reduced during a limited period by not more than about 10 %. See the example in the chart below.

The reheater can often be omitted

Difference

5C
ERS regulation
The supply air temperature is regulated in the GOLD to ensure that the preset difference between the supply air and exhaust air temperatures will be obtained (e.g. 5C). This means that the air heater can often be omitted.

Exceptions
An air handling system with reheater should be considered under the following conditions: If the ordinary heating system in the building does not have sufcient capacity. if the GOLD air handling unit already from the start has been sized with a lower exhaust air ow rate than the supply air ow rate. if the ventilation ducts through cold spaces are inadequately insulated.
400 0 C 500 600 700 800 900 1 000 m3/h

Outdoor air temperature

Exhaust air ow = Design supply air ow Exhaust air temperature: 23 C Desired supply air temperature: 18 C

R=0% 5%
10%

The supply of air at a temperature below that of the room presupposes that there is surplus heat in the premises. If this is not the case (no heat sources at night, for instance), the heating system of the premises must be sized to compensate the lower-than-room-temperature supply air. If no reheater has been installed, the capacity/settings of the ordinary heating system of the premises will have to allow for the GOLD supplying air at reduced ow rate during periods of extremely cold weather. The ordinary heating system of the premises will then have to heat the outdoor air that at low outdoor temperatures seeps in through, e.g. poorly sealed windows and doors.

Sizing heating systems

-10

Reduced temperature at night

If you have selected ERS regulation, the GOLD will work with supply air at a temperature below the room temperature even while the fans are operating at low speed. If the heating system of the building is set for reduced temperature at night, this means that the temperature of the supply air from the GOLD will be a few degrees lower than the temperature of the exhaust air (=building). Hence it follows that how the GOLD operates must be taken into account when setting the ordinary heating system for a lower night-time temperature.

-20

15%

Design supply air ow Example (blue broken line): If the air ow is 0.23 m3/s, the reduction of the design supply air ow will be 5% if the outdoor temperature is -14 C. 58
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-30 0,1

20%

0,15

0,2

0,25

m /s 0,3

Specications are subject to alteration without notice.

GB.GOLD.050101

GOLD

Temperature control

Project Design Guide

Exhaust air temperature regulation

Air ow regulation
Already from the start, the GOLD Air handling unit includes several different integrated airow regulation capabilities in addition to its capability for maintaining the airow at a constant ow rate. These functions can be activated via the hand terminal of the unit. It should be taken into consideration that if any of the functions below is selected, the control unit will not automatically control the supply air ow to its minimum set point whenever the outdoor temperature is low. This means that the unit in the majority of these cases must be supplemented with a reheating coil.

General

If you decide to operate the air handling unit in the exhaust air temperature regulation mode instead of the ERS regulation mode, you can select the former from the hand-held terminal. A reheating coil is required in most cases.

VAV regulation

21C
Exhaust air temperature regulation
The Gold regulates the supply air temperature to obtain the preset exhaust air temperature (21 C, for instance). A reheating coil is required in most cases.

If it is anticipated that the ventilation system will have to handle varying room loads, it is preferable to select a variable airow regulation that is controlled by the actual demand, i.e. VAV regulation. The various rooms of the building can then be ventilated precisely as much as required taking into account the activities of the occupants and the load. The amount of energy consumed by the fans is minimized in that the airow decreases when less ventilation or no ventilation is needed. VAV regulation can be utilised in two different variants: VAV pressure The control equipment keeps the pressure in the ducting constant in response to a 010 V input signal transmitted from an external pressure transducer tted inside the duct. The desired set point (separate for low and high speed operation) is preset as a percentage of the range of the pressure transducer. This function can be restricted in such a way that the ow will not exceed the preset max. permissible airow. VAV demand The control equipment keeps the demand on airow constant in response to a 010 V input signal transmitted from an external sensor, such as an air quality sensor. The desired set point (separate for low and high speed operation) is preset as a percentage of the input signal. This function can be restricted in such a way that the ow will not exceed the preset max. permissible airow.

Supply air temperature regulation

If you decide to operate the air handling unit in the supply air temperature regulation mode instead of the ERS regulation mode, you can select the former from the hand-held terminal. A reheating coil is required in most cases.

19C

Forcing

In certain cases, additional boosted airow (forcing) will be needed if the low and high speed function has been selected. As an example, the unit may run at low speed at night and high speed in the daytime. On receiving a signal from a sensor or a potentiometer, for instance, the control unit will steplessly accelerate the fans until they discharge air at the max. airow setting preset in the hand terminal.

Supply air temperature regulation The Gold regulates the supply air temperature to obtain the preset supply air temperature (i.e. 19 C, for instance). A reheating coil is required in most cases.

Specications are subject to alteration without notice.

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GOLD

Project Design Guide

Source Data for Project Design
Function
Temperature Temp regulation function Supply/exh. air diff. (C) Steps Breakpoint (C) Set point (C) Min. supply air temp (C) Max supply air temp (C) Flow Fan regulation VAV regulation, type Flow, low speed, supply air Flow, high speed, supply air Flow, max. speed , supply air exhaust air VAV, low speed, supply air (%) exhaust air (%) VAV high speed, supply air (%) exhaust air (%) Time channel function Cooling functions Control of cooling unit Cooling on/off function Shut down 1. 0-10V 2. On/off 1 stage 2 stages 3 stages, bin Exercise, cooling relay 1 cooling relay 2 Outd temp lim, stage 1 (C) stage 2 (C) stage 3 (C) Restarting time (min.) Neutral zone (C) Min. supply air ow (ms) Boosted cooling 1. Disabled 0 0 8,0 10,0 12,0 8 2,0 0,00 8,0 10,0 12,0 8 2,0 0,00 1. Low - high ..........* ..........** ..........*** ..........*** 25 25 35 35 2. Stop - low - high 1. Flow 2. VAV 1. Pressure 2. Demand ..........* ..........* ..........** ..........** ..........*** ..........*** 3. Forc. 1. ERS 2. Supply air 3. Exhaust air 3,0 2 22,0 20,0 20,0 15,0 30,0

Tip! Download the source data for your project design work as an Excel le from our website: www.swegon.se

1(3)

Factory preset value

Design value
1. ERS ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ 2. Supply air 3. Exhaust air

1. Flow

2. VAV 1. Pressure 2. Demand

3. Forc.

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 1. Low - high

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

exhaust air ..........* exhaust air ..........**

2. Stop - low - high

Shut down

1. 0-10V

2. On/off 1 stage 2 stages 3 stages, bin

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

2. Comfort 3. Economy 1. Disabled

2. Comfort 3. Ekonomi

The values are in turn applicable to size 11,12,15,21,22,31,32 units and are specied in m/s *) 0.10/0.20/0.30/0.30/0.55/0.85/1.10 **) 0.20/0.30/0.40/0.60/1.00/1.65/2.20 ***) 0.30/0.50/0.60/0.90/1.40/2.50/3.30

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GB.GOLD.050101

GOLD

Project Design Guide

Source Data for Project Design
Function
Summer night cooling Start time Exhaust air temp, start (C) Exhaust air temp, stop (C) Outdoor air temp, stop (C) Outdoor temp. comp. Temperature: Winter comp. (C) Summer comp. (C) X1 end. point, winter (C) X2 start. point, winter (C) X3 start. point, summer (C) X4 end. point, summer (C) Flow: Flow comp. winter (%) X1 end. point, winter (C) X2 start. point, winter (C) Time delay External high speed (hrs) External low speed (hrs) Set point displacement Auto change to summer time Cirkulation pump, heat. Pump in-operation Exercise mode, pump Flow unit Language selected Service alarm Service period (months) Alarm limit, lter Supply air lter (units) Exhaust air lter (units) 0:00 0:00 0 1 1 1 m/s Swedish 12 10* 10* .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

2(3)
Function
Alarm limit, temperature Min. exhaust air temp Temp below SA set point Fire alarm function Internal re alarm Exh air in event of re External alarm Time delayed alarm 1 (s) Alarm on closure, alarm 1 Time delayed alarm 2 (s) Alarm on closure, alarm 2 Min/max setting Set point, supply/exh air (C) 15,0/25,0 13,0/18,0 20,0/40,0 15,0/23,0 1,0/5,0 5 5 2 2 4,5 4,5 0,0 3 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... Min. limitation, supply air (C) Max. limitation, supply air (C) Breakpoint ERS regulation (C) Supply/exh air differential (C) Control velocity Supply air controller, temp. Exhaust air controller, temp. Supply air controller, VAV Exhaust air controller, VAV Switching frequency Freq. range, Supply air (kHz) Freq. range, Exhaust air (kHz) Neutral zone, SA Control to min. set point (C) Starting up time (min) 10 1 10 1 .................... .................... .................... .................... 0 0 .................... .................... 15,0 5,0 .................... ....................

Factory preset value

0 23:00 22,0 16,0 10,0 0 3,0 5,0 -20,0 10,0 25,0 40,0 0,0 -20,0 10,0

Design value
.................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Factory preset value

Design value

* Recommended nal pressure drop

Time Channel Setting, switching clock

Chann. Operat. conditions Times Day of the week

No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 8

Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low

High High High High High High High High

......... : ......... ......... : ......... ......... : ......... ......... : ......... ......... : ......... ......... : ......... ......... : ......... ......... : .........

......... : ......... ......... : ......... ......... : ......... ......... : ......... ......... : ......... ......... : ......... ......... : ......... ......... : .........

.................... - .................... .................... - .................... .................... - .................... .................... - .................... .................... - .................... .................... - .................... .................... - .................... .................... - ....................
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GOLD

Project Design Guide

Source Data for Project Design
Alarm Function No. Factory preset value Priority Alarm ind. Effect
0 = blocked 1 = A alarm 2 = B alarm 0 = off 1 = on 0 = in-operation 1 = stop 0 = blocked 0 = off 1 = A alarm 1 = on 2 = B alarm

3(3)
Design value Priority Alarm ind. Effect
0 = in-operation 1 = stop

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

External re alarm Internal re alarm Anti-frosting temp below alarm lim. Rotation monitor (H exch) tripped Anti-frost sensor faulty Supply air sensor faulty Exhaust air sensor faulty Outdoor sensor faulty No comm heat exch control No comm., SA frequency conv. No comm., EA frequency conv. Overcurrent, SA frequency conv. Overcurrent, EA frequency conv. Undervoltage, SA frequency conv. Undervoltage, EA frequency conv. Wrong low voltage, SA freq. conv. Wrong low voltage, EA freq. conv. Over temperature, SA freq. conv. Over temperature, EA freq. conv. Over temperature, H. exch. control Electric air heater tripped Exhaust air temp below alarm limit Supply air temp below set point External alarm no. 1 tripped External alarm no. 2 tripped Pressure in SA duct below set point Pressure in EA duct below set point Pressure in SA duct above set point Pressure in EA duct above set point Supply airow below set point Exhaust airow below set point Supply airow exceeds set point Exhaust airow exceeds set point Supply air lter is fouled Exhaust air lter is fouled Service period exceeds alarm limit

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1* 1* 1* 1** 1* 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

* Cannot be set, always stops the air handling unit ** Cannot be set, stops the air handling unit if the temperature drops below +5 C

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GB.GOLD.050101

GOLD - Decentralized Ventilation

Dont try to eat the whole thing at one time!

3

Its better in small bites.

Compendium on the Advantages of Decentralized Ventilation.

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GOLD - Decentralized Ventilation

Introduction
It would seem logical that the installation of one single large air handling unit should be the most inexpensive and best way to ventilate one entire building. Yet this is not necessarily the case. Dont try to eat the whole thing at one time! In most cases it is both cheaper and better to choose decentralized ventilation, i.e. several smaller ventilation units arranged at appropriate locations in the building. Every installation is unique; nevertheless our experience shows that several smaller air handling units are both better and cheaper in more cases than you think. Our discussions with building contractors and real estate owners have also substantiated this. It is quite evident that this arrangement almost always provides a better technical solution and greater exibility. In many cases it is also cheaper, especially because the building costs and the operating costs are lower and because it frees expensive oor space that can be put to other use/that can be rented out. Take several smaller air handling units into consideration in your next project estimate, and make your own comparison! Keep in mind that the ventilation units must meet the following important prerequisites: The noise level of the air handling units must be low (since they will be installed at various locations in the building and will then be situated near the occupants). The air handling units must have fans with high fan-power efciency and heat exchangers with high temperature efciency. (since several units will be involved, their power consumption will have to be optimized). The air handling units must take up little space and be able to discharge air through sharp duct bends without substantial loss of pressure. (since the units in most cases will be installed in available smaller spaces instead of in special plant rooms). The specied acoustic and energy application data must be correct and be certicated by Eurovent, for instance (since afterward it may be impossible to make changes of the system or nd space for extra sound absorbers, for instance) The Swegon GOLD Air handling units meet all of these requirements.

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GB.GOLD.050101

GOLD - Decentralized Ventilation

Flexibility

The plant room can be regarded as a makeshift solution!

3
Thanks to the GOLD Air handling units low noise level, modest space requirement and attractive design, it can be situated in an open space, in this case in a corridor.

The division of the indoor climate load of a building among several smaller ventilation units often enables the use of whatever space is available. Expressed somewhat ironically, the need to construct a special plant room can be looked upon as a makeshift solution. The plant room or the oor space that the plant room would have occupied can instead be leased. The GOLD Air handling unit has a low noise level, occupies little space and has an attractive design. This makes it possible to install the unit in an open, otherwise unused space, for example in corridors, ling rooms, storage rooms, etc. The illustration above shows a GOLD air handling unit installed in a corridor next to workstations and conference room. The demands on the temperature of the air supplied to various premises vary depending on whether the rooms involved contain many computers or other heat emitting equipment, have large windows, face the south, etc. The use of several smaller ventilation units increase the chances for each section to obtain the indoor climate required at lower cost. Sometimes the operations carried out in part of the premises foul the air. If the building contains several air handling units instead of one, the result will be that only one particular unit need be exposed to this polluted environment. The division of the indoor climate load of a building among

several smaller ventilation units makes it much simpler and cheaper to adapt the ventilation system to meet the amount of ventilation needed in the event of future changes in business operations. Today our society is changing rapidly and this is why it is advantageous if expensive installations dont tie up, complicate or increase the cost of future changes.

Demand-controlled Ventilation

Pollution in the indoor environment

Easy to adapt in the event of changes

Small ventilation units can, in most cases, be situated where that they wont take up valuable utility space. The unit shown is supported by wall-mounted brackets in a storage room.
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Building Costs

Small air handling units cut building costs.

On-site transport becomes simpler and cheaper, the smaller the air handling units are, and if they can be split up into sections.

Ventilation units are always brought to their intended location late in the building phase. Naturally, it is easier to transport a small unit than a larger one inside a building. If the ventilation unit can also be split into sections, this will make on-site transport even easier. If the building is undergoing alteration, the tters may even be forced to open ceilings and walls to further transport a large ventilation unit to its intended location. One building contractor has estimated the following costs: Making openings and renishing: in wooden ceilings 1.150 EUR, in lightweight concrete ceilings 5.550 EUR, in brick walls 1.650 EUR and in concrete walls 2.200 EUR. By installing one air handling unit per re compartment, it will be easier and cheaper to nd solutions for protection against the spreading of re and smoke from one re compartment to another. One contractor has estimated that each extra re compartment for one ventilation unit costs about 2.200 EUR. The use is also spared having to deal with problems with xed dampers. If a large air handling unit is selected, the contractor is in many cases forced to construct a special plant room. The larger the plant room, the more expensive it will be to build, and it may be necessary to make use of valuable utility space. It will be even more expensive if one is forced to construct an enclosure outdoors to house a plant room, for example on the roof of a building.

The Swegon GOLD Air handling units have compact overall dimensions. The units are also optimized in terms of design making it possible to connect a sharp duct bend directly on the fan outlet without any pressure losses. The GOLD Air handling unit is also optimized for efcient heat recovery and low noise generation. In some cases, this enables the designer to leave out a reheating coil and sound absorber near the unit. In all, this means that less space is required where the air handling unit is situated.

Optimized air handling units save on space

Simpler re and smoke protection

Large plant rooms are expensive plant rooms

Making openings and renishing ceilings and walls always involves considerable costs.

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GB.GOLD.050101

GOLD - Decentralized Ventilation

Installation Costs

Smaller ductwork dimensions make your work simpler and cheaper.

3
Smaller air handling units require smaller dimensions of ductwork and in most cases this makes your work simpler and less expensive.

Smaller dimensions of ductwork make all the handling and assembly work easier. Smaller lifting devices, etc. can be used and fewer persons and occupational groups involved mean less dead time. In many cases this also enables simpler, less expensive solutions for lead-throughs and e.g. for getting it all to t in a space below an existing ceiling or above a suspended ceiling. One building contractor has stated that the size of the ductwork should not exceed 315 mm in diameter.

alone may require several hours of work. The GOLD air handling unit substantially shortens the time needed for this. It is sufcient to decide which of the integrated functions to put into use. Why have to reinvent the wheel each time, just for ventilation units? The GOLD Air handling unit has ready-to-use communication solutions and can be monitored in an effective manner at reasonable cost. See also the special section on monitoring.

Simpler Monitoring

In alteration projects, stage-by-stage installation offers obvious advantages when it comes to minimising disturbance in ongoing business operations. Only one storey at a time has to be vacated. In the case of health care institutions and schools, for instance, this may be a prerequisite for being able to implement a modernisation project at all. In the case of new construction and alteration, this can also mean better economy when it comes to income from rentals, interest charges, temporary substitute premises, etc. The Swegon GOLD air handling unit has built-in control equipment. This minimises the amount of electrical installation work needed at the building site. The connections for e.g. in-duct sensors, dampers, reheating, etc. in most cases have quick-coupling connectors. The project design of ventilation unit control equipment

Stage-by-stage installation offers many advantages

Built-in control equipment saves you money

Ducts arranged along ceilings from a large central air handling unit are both expensive and conspicuous.

Specications are subject to alteration without notice.

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Operating Costs

Use the right heat exchanger and adapt its in-operation times

The Turbo rotary heat exchanger in the GOLD and adapted in-operation times provides excellent operating economy.

Assuming that the smaller units are optimized for high energy efciency, it will, in most cases, cost less to operate several smaller air handling units. This is especially evident if the best possible heat exchangers can be utilized and if their in-operation times can be adapted to the needs of each user. The Turbo rotary heat exchanger in the Swegon GOLD units has a temperature efciency of 80-85% as compared with approx. 55-60% for plate heat exchangers and approx. 50% for coil-type heat exchangers. Under normal conditions, there is never any problem with freezing in a rotating heat exchanger either. Under certain conditions, small concentrations of odours can be transferred from the extract air to the supply air in a rotary heat exchanger. The problem can however be eliminated by using a carbon lter on the discharge side of the supply air fan. Even if carbon lters cost more, youll gain by being able to use rotary heat exchangers instead of plate or coil-type heat exchangers. It is common that various departments use their premises at different times of the day. If the ventilation system is divided up in a natural manner, the in-operation times of the units involved can be adapted to the needs of each user. See the example below, which illustrates the importance of operating a ventilation unit as few hours as possible.

By selecting 3 smaller units, one for each tenant, the units will be in operation only when the need arises. Another advantage is that rotary heat exchangers can be used without any problem. More than 1.580 EUR can be saved yearly in energy costs.

Turbo in a class of its own

Example
Alt. 1: One BASIC unit, size 009, airow 1,95 m3 /s, SFP v 2,8 kW per m3 /s. Temp.efcency 80%. 700 2000 daily. Alt. 2: Three GOLD units, total airow 1,95 m3/s. SFP v 2,2 kW per m3 /s. Temp.efcency 81% GOLD size 22, 800 1700 Mon-Fri (Ofce) GOLD size 22, 900 1800 Mon-Fri (Hairdresser) GOLD size 22, 700 2000 daily (Local shop)

Adapted in-operation times save you money

Alt. 1 Total energy cost/year EUR

Prerequisites:

Alt. 2 1.920

3.500

BASIC, rotary heat exchanger, GOLD, rotary heat exchanger. Air heaters for hot water downstream of all the units. Central Sweden, electric power: 0,11 EUR/kWh, heating energy: 0,06 EUR/kWh.

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Economical Control Functions

The control functions in the GOLD can save you lots of money.

The built-in control equipment in the GOLD has a number of smart and economical functions that are ready to activate.

The GOLD air handling units have a large number of built-in control functions which can provide substantial savings in operating costs. Here are some of them: Substantial savings are possible if the ventilation units are run at design airow only while the rooms are occupied and run at economical low airow rate or are completely shut down while the rooms are unoccupied. The control equipment of the GOLD units has an advanced timer for controlling the in-operation times. It also includes ready-to-use control functions for economical and demandcontrolled operation with presence sensors, air quality sensors or pressure sensors and so-called VAV Control. When ERS regulation (exhaust air temperature related supply air temperature regulation) is selected, the GOLD keeps the supply air temperature a few degrees lower than the extract air temperature all the time. This utilizes the capacity of the heat exchanger optimally. The function is at its best when there is excess heat in the premises, i.e. from people, light ttings, computers, etc. Whenever the outdoor air temperature high; a higher airow is needed for removing excess heat from the premises. If the temperature is low, the airow need wont be the same and the unit fans can run at a lower speed. This provides substantial savings which is illustrated in the following example:
Specications are subject to alteration without notice.

GOLD, size 32, airow: 2,78 m3 /s. Mean annual temperature: 6.9C. Power rate: 0,11 EUR/kWh, heating cost: 0,06 EUR/kWh. If the air ow is decreased to 1,67 m3 /s when it is colder than 0C, the saving will be 1.810 EUR/year (1.090 EUR electric power + 720 EUR heating). When it is warmer indoors than outdoors, the summer night cooling function controls the GOLD unit to accelerate the fan speed to supply maximum airow, as long as this is needed at night to cool the premises. This makes the indoor climate more comfortable during the rst hours of the work day and the cooling units, if any, wont have to work so hard to cope with the cooling load. The forced (boosted) cooling function can be used whenever the GOLD is operated together with a cooling unit. If forced cooling is selected on the economy variant, the GOLD increases the airow whenever cooling is required. The cooling unit will start only should the increased airow prove insufcient. Effect: The cooling unit works less = lower operating costs. If forced cooling is selected on the comfort variant, the cooling unit starts immediately whenever cooling is needed. But if becomes so hot that the cooling machine cant manage the load, the GOLD increases the airow. Effect: A cooling unit with lower capacity can be selected = lower investment costs.
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Demand-controlled operation

Summer Night Cooling

ERS Regulation

Forced Cooling

Outdoor Air Temperature Compensation

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Maintenance Costs

Large units also require considerable labour.

Large ventilation units require considerable and extensive maintenance and service, especially if the fans are belt-driven.

A common view is that service and maintenance will be more extensive if several smaller ventilation units are involved. Yet in reality, the extra time required for maintenance will be modest. This is because smaller units are easier to maintain. The maintenance staff is spared having to use ladders or special lifting devices and in many cases one technician can do all the work. Most of the maintenance work on a ventilation unit involves changing the lters. Several smaller units do not mean larger lter area, altogether. In most cases, smaller air handling units also have directdriven fans, which require less maintenance than fans with a belt-drive. A new fan shaft for a larger unit can take several weeks to product, for instance. Spare parts for smaller, serial manufactured units can be kept in stock. The Swegon GOLD air handling units are of a design that facilitates the assembly and disassembly of their functional sections. The physical weight and size of the spare parts make them easy to handle and in many cases one person can do all the work. The electrical cables are equipped with quick-coupling connectors. All this makes it possible to carry out service, inspection and subsequent replacement of spare parts quickly and at reasonable cost. Water pipes, pipework packages and coils require mainte70
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nance; something that you are spared when you use energyoptimized GOLD air handling units with ERS regulation. Nor will there be any risk of frost damage in reheating coils during the winter. In the event of a malfunction, the whole ventilation system will be put out of service if it contains one single large air handling unit. If the system includes several air handling units, the disturbance will be restricted to section of the ventilation system where the malfunction has occurred.

Fewer Disturbances

Direct-driven fans require less maintenance than belt-driven fans. If something does happen anyway, it will be simple to lift out the entire fan assembly.
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The GOLDen GATE broadens your horizons at reasonable cost.

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Because the GOLD units are produced in series and have identical control equipment, the same ow charts, for example, can be used for all the units.

Two important factors that make it possible to monitor the performance of several smaller units at reasonable cost are: that the GOLD air handling units are produced in series and that the GOLDen GATE gateway can be used. The GOLD units are produced in series and all have identical control equipment. This means that the same conguration and the same ow charts and alarm menus, for instance, can be used in one and the same surveillance system for all the units. The extra administrative work per extra unit will therefore be marginal. The GOLDen GATE is a translator between different computer-oriented languages and electrical levels, which enables communication between the GOLD unit and several different monitoring systems. No special solutions are required and the GOLD can therefore be used in the same monitoring system used for other functions in the building. A web-based solution is available for the GOLDen GATE. This solution does not require any special monitoring system.
The GOLDen GATE is an adapter that functions as a translator between the GOLD and a variety of different monitoring systems.

Production in series

No special solutions are required

Specications are subject to alteration without notice.

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Examples

30 St Mary Axe Ofce Building, London

Facts
General: Ofce building in the City of London. Spectacular building with steel structure and a glazed faade. Construction cost: approx. 210 million EUR. Client: Swiss Re, Reinsurance Company, Switzerland. The client will use approximately half of the building area, the remainder will be leased. Construction Company: Skanska UK Building. Architect: Sir Norman Foster. Height: 40 storeys of which 34 used for ofces. Ceiling height per storey: approx. 4.15 m, overall height of building: 180 m (the next highest in central London). Dimensions: Cigar-like form, 49.3 m in diameter at the ground oor, from there each storey increases in diameter up to the 18th oor where the diameter is 56.5 m. From there, each storey decreases in diameter to 26.5 m at the uppermost storey. Leasable oor surface: 55,000 m2. Air volume per storey: Approx. 1.8 m3 /s. Special demands: Max. 35 dB in the ofce spaces, max 40 dB in the lavatories. Acoustic, airow and pressure check measurements to be carried out by an independent testing institute.
Photo: Grant Smith

One large air handling unit per storey. 34 units altogether. Location in special plant room in the centre of the core of each storey. Cross-ow plate heat exchangers. Preheating coil used as anti-frosting protection. Fan coils in the supply air ducts for supplementary heating and cooling.

Original Plan

6 GOLD Air handling units (size 12) per storey, one for each section. Altogether 180 units. Cooling coil with humidier directly on the supply air connection. Fan coils in the supply air ducts for supplementary heating and cooling (which also comprise the heating system). The air handling units are concealed above suspended ceilings and thus do not take up oor space. Monitoring via communication unit GOLDen GATE (Metasys, Johnson Controls).

GOLD Solution Selected

Diagrammatic oor plan

Diagrammatic oor plan

One large central air handling unit in a plant room in the very core of the building structure. 72
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6 GOLD air handling units, concealed in the suspended ceiling, in each ofce storey. The oor space intended for a plant room is freed for some other use/leasing.
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The spectacular building gives the City of London a new landmark. In the foreground, the River Thames and Tower Bridge.

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Photo: Grant Smith

The capital expenditure for the original plan with 34 large air handling units was 1,0 million EUR; for the solution selected with 180 GOLD air handling units: 1,29 million EUR. The useful life of the units is estimated at 15 years. The operating costs (energy + maintenance) for the original plan during a period of 15 years was 0,93 million EUR and for the solution selected: 0,69 million EUR. Altogether, 1, 028 m2 of oor surface is freed for use/leasing as storage space, ling room, etc. The cost for leasing premises in that area is 780 EUR/m2 per year, which provides a possible extra income from rentals of 0,8 million EUR per year. For a 15-year period this will amount to 12 million EUR. The cost picture can be simplied as follows:

Comparison of expenditures

The important benets

Planned space for plant room, all total 1,028 m2 is freed for other use/rental. Lower operating costs. Demand-controlled indoor climate is facilitated. Demand-controlled operating times are facilitated (which lower the operating costs even more). Easy to adapt if changes in business operations arise.

Economic comparison, million EUR

Original plan Capital expenditure for ventilation Operation (energy+maintenance) 15 years Possible extra revenue over 15 years -1,0 -0,93 0 Chosen solution -1,29 -0,69 +12

The project shows very clearly the advantages of having several smaller units instead of a few large ones. The great and decisive economic advantage is that this arrangement frees important and valuable space for other uses/leasing. The corresponding lower operating costs compensate for the slightly greater capital expenditure involved. Section-by-section division of the ventilation system is especially advantageous in this type of building. The temperatures and airows can easily be controlled to meet the demand and can adjust the in-operation times according to how the rooms are used. It is also easier to adapt the ventilation unit if the load changes or if changes in business operations arise in the various sections. The project also shows that the GOLD unit manages very stringent acoustic requirements even if they are located above suspended ceilings above an activity space.

Comments

Every GOLD air handling unit is equipped with a GOLDen GATE Communication Unit. This is a little box containing electronics that interpret the language used in the GOLD air handling units so that they can be connected for communication with the ordinary monitoring system of the building, in this case to Metasys, Johnson Controls.
Specications are subject to alteration without notice.

Communication

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Example

Helsfyr Panorama Ofce Building, Oslo

Facts
Ofce building in Oslo Client: NCC Eiendom AS Construction Company: NCC Bygg. Architect: DARK Arkitekter AS Height: 17 storeys + 2 basement storeys. Floor surface per storey: 941 m2. Total oor surface: 21,330 m2. Air volume per storey: Approx. 2.3 m3 /s.

Original plan

Helsfyr Panorama was originally designed with 2 large supply air handling units in a special penthouse and with 2 large extract air handling units in the basement. All the air ducts were to be arranged in one large vertical shaft extending through the building. Coiltype heat exchangers were to be used for heat recovery.

The capital expenditure increase for the chosen solution with 17 GOLD units is 0,23 million EUR. The operating costs are however substantially lower, and if you consider the life cycle cost for 15 years, which includes the capital expenditure and the operating costs, it will be 0,2 million EUR for the solution selected, as compared with 0,5 million EUR for the original plan. This solution frees 445 m2 of attractive ofce space for leasing. The leasing fee in that region is 378 EUR/m2 per year, which provides 0,167 million EUR per year. It also frees 860 m2 in the basement storeys for parking where leasing payments are valued at a total of 0,333 million EUR per year. In all, this will amount to 7,5 million EUR for 15 years. The cost picture can be summarized as follows:

Comparison of expenditures

Shaft

Solution selected

The shaft was made narrower for outdoor air only. A GOLD unit was installed on the remaining cross-sectional surface of the shaft per storey. Exhaust air was discharged from each storey. In the penthouse, only an air intake device for outdoor air and a cooling unit for all outdoor air; in the basement, only a smaller air handling unit (for a restaurant kitchen, etc.) and other technical equipment were arranged.

Economic comparision, million EUR

Original plan Life cycle cost (captial+operation 15 years) Possible extra revenue over 15 years -0,6 0 Chosen solution -0,2 +7,5

Shaft

GOLD

The greatest advantage of this solution is that it provides extra income from rentals both for the (445 m2) and in the basement storeys (860 m2). Even if the income from rentals wouldnt be as high as estimated, this scheme involves substantial amounts anyway. It should also be noted that the life cycle cost will be lower because the operating costs have considerable effect (approx. 80% of the life cycle cost). Another big advantage of this solution is that it offers greater exibility and enables tenants to move in one by one.

Comments

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Example

Modernisation of a school
Renovation of a school with a 3-storey building structure Building material: concrete Total airow: 1.3 m3 /s One large ventilation unit is to be located in a newly constructed plant room uppermost in the central stairwell. The ducting is to be arranged inside a shaft. Three smaller ventilation units, one on each storey. Thanks to the high ceiling height (3.5 m), space for the air handling unit can be prepared above the existing lavatories. The units can be situated so high that their presence will not restrict previously utilised surface area. Outdoor air via shaft, exhaust air out through the external wall of each storey. The cost is reduced from approx. 48.000 EUR to 26.100 EUR. The major percentage of the savings is in construction costs. See the specication below. The design postheating (air heater for hot water) can be left out. No new roof ducts need be added. No water and sanitation installations are necessary either. Stage-by-stage modernisation is possible. It will be easier to arrange the ducting and shorter lengths of ducting can be used. The pressure drop in the ductwork system will be lower. Simpler solutions for re and smoke protection can be determined. The planned plant room uppermost in the stairwell could instead be remodelled to become a wished-for staff room.
Original plan: One large ventilation unit in newly built plant room in stairwell.

Facts

Original Plan

Alternative Solution

Economic Advantages

Other Advantages

Typical of this application is that the construction costs are kept down when one is spared building a special plant room. Typical is also that it will be simpler to solve re and smoke protection needs.

Comments

Alternative solution: One smaller ventilation unit on each storey, situated high inside the existing lavatories.

Comparison of capital expenditures, EUR

Original plan Ventilation in plant room and shaft ....................... Fire protection functions fan + damper motor ....... Hot water + heating coil for plant room ................ Plastic oor covering + drai ................................... Construction work: plant room+shaft+stairwel ..... Total captital expenditures 13.400 4.450 4.650 1.100 24.400 48.000 Alternative solution 21.100 0 0 0 5.000 26.100

Specications are subject to alteration without notice.

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