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AS 1851—2005

(Incorporating Amendment Nos 1 and 2)

Maintenance of Fire Protection


Systems and Equipment
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AS
This Australian Standard® was prepared by Committee FP-001, Maintenance of Fire
Protection Systems and Equipment. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards
Australia on 29 June 2005.
This Standard was published on 5 September 2005.

The following are represented on Committee FP-001:

• Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air-conditioning and Heating


• Australasian Fire Authorities Council
• Communications, Electrical and Plumbing Union
• Department of Defence
• Department of Human Services
• Fire Protection Association of Australia
• Engineers Australia
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• National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia


• National Electrical & Communications Association
• Property Council of Australia
• Representatives from Standards Australia Technical Committees—
FP-002—Fire detection and alarms
FP-003—Fire extinguishers
FP-004—Automatic fire sprinkler systems
FP-007—Fire hose reels
FP-008—Fire pumpsets
FP-009—Fire hydrants
FP-011—Special fire hazards
FP-017—Emergency management procedures
FP-019—Passive fire systems
ME-062—Ventilation and Airconditioning

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 04463.

Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that
contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the
Committee and through the public comment period.

Keeping Standards up-to-date


Australian Standards® are living documents that reflect progress in science, technology and
systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions
are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued.

Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are
using a current Standard, which should include any amendments that may have been
published since the Standard was published.

Detailed information about Australian Standards, drafts, amendments and new projects can
be found by visiting www.standards.org.au

Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to


notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at
mail@standards.org.au, or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001.
AS 1851—2005
(Incorporating Amendment Nos 1 and 2)

Australian Standard®
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Maintenance of fire protection systems


and equipment

Originated as AS CA16—1939 (7th Ed FOC Rules), AS CA18—1941,


AS CA 15—1961, AS 1851—1976, AS 1851.1—1981, AS 1851.4—1980,
AS 1851.6—1983, AS 1851.7—1984, AS 1851.8—1987, AS 1851.9—1988,
AS 1851.10—1989, AS 1851.11—1991, AS 1851.12—1995,
AS/NZS 1851.13:1995, AS 1851.14—1996, AS 1851.15—1997 and
AS/NZS 1851.16:1997.

Previous editions: AS 1851.1—1995, AS 1851.2—1995, AS 1851.3—1997,


AS 1851.4—1992, AS 1851.5—1981, AS 1851.6—1997, AS 1851.7—1984,
AS 1851.8—1987, AS 1851.9—1997, AS 1851.10—1989, AS 1851.11—1991,
AS 1851.12—1995, AS/NZS 1851.13:1995, AS 1851.14—1996,
AS 1851.15—1997 and AS/NZS 1851.16:1997.

AS 1851.1—1995, AS 1851.2—1995, AS 1851.3—1997, AS 1851.4—1992,


AS 1851.5—1981, AS 1851.6—1997, AS 1851.7—1984, AS 1851.8—1987,
AS 1851.9—1997, AS 1851.10—1989, AS 1851.11—1991, AS 1851.12—
1995, AS/NZS 1851.13:1995, AS 1851.14—1996, AS 1851.15—1997 and
AS/NZS 1851.16:1997 revised, amalgamated and redesignated as
AS 1851—2005.
Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 1 (July 2006).
Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 2 (May 2008).
Consult the Standards Australia online system for details of the complete
history.

COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 6822 9
AS 1851—2005 2

PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee FP-001, Maintenance of
Fire Protection Systems and Equipment, to supersede the following.
AS 1851 Maintenance of fire protection equipment
AS 1851.1—1995 Part 1: Portable fire extinguishers and fire blankets
AS 1851.2—1995 Part 2: Fire hose reels
AS 1851.3—1997 Part 3: Automatic fire sprinkler systems
AS 1851.4—1992 Part 4: Fire hydrant installations
AS 1851.5—1981 Part 5: Automatic smoke/heat venting systems
AS 1851.6—1997 Part 6: Management procedures for maintaining the fire and
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smoke control features of air-handling systems


AS 1851.7—1984 Part 7: Fire-resistant doorsets
AS 1851.8—1987 Part 8: Automatic fire detection and alarm systems
AS 1851.9—1997 Part 9: Delivery lay flat fire hose
AS 1851.10—1989 Part 10: Emergency warning and intercommunication systems
AS 1851.11—1991 Part 11: Halon 1301 total flooding systems
AS 1851.12—1995 Part 12: Gaseous fire extinguishing systems
AS/NZS 1851.13—1995 Part 13: Wheeled fire extinguishers
AS 1851.14—1996 Part 14: Pumpset systems
AS 1851.15—1997 Part 15: Local fire alarm systems
AS/NZS 1851.16—1997 Part 16: Pyrogen fire extinguishing aerosol systems
This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 (July 2006) and Amendment No. 2
(May 2008). The changes required by the Amendment are indicated in the text by a
marginal bar and amendment number against the clause, note, table, figure or part thereof
affected.
This edition of AS 1851 incorporates a considerable amount of new material for the
maintenance of fire protection systems and equipment. In the light of user experience, it
may be necessary to amend the Standard. The committee responsible for AS 1851—2005
will address user comment as and when received.
A feature of this edition is a uniform structure for maintenance requirements. Section 1 sets
out general requirements applying to all systems and equipment. The other Sections contain
the additional requirements specific to particular fire protection systems or equipment.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part
of the Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance.
Notes in this Standard are advisory only.
This Standard incorporates a Commentary on some clauses. The Commentary directly
follows the relevant clause, is designated by ‘C’ preceding the clause number and is
printed in italics in a panel. The Commentary is for information only and does not need
to be followed for compliance with the Standard.
3 AS 1851—2005

The following list of AS 1851 superseded parts shows the corresponding applicable sections
in this revised Standard as a source of reference.

Superseded AS 1851 Parts AS 1851—2005


Date
Standard No. Short title Group Section
published
AS 1851.1 1995 Extinguishers and blankets First aid 15 and 16
AS 1851.2 1995 Hose reels First aid 14
AS 1851.3 1997 Sprinklers Water-based 2
AS 1851.4 1992 Hydrants Water-based 4
AS 1851.5 1981 Smoke/heat venting HVAC 18
AS 1851.6 1997 Fire and smoke management HVAC 18
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AS 1851.7 1984 Fire doorsets Passive 17


AS 1851.8 1987 Detection alarms warning Detection 6
AS 1851.9 1997 Lay flat hose Water-based 5
AS 1851.10 1989 EWIS Detection 9 and 10
AS 1851.11 1991 Halon 1301 Special hazards Obsolete
AS 1851.12 1995 Gaseous Special hazards 11
AS/NZS 1851.13 1995 Wheeled extinguishers First aid 15
AS 1851.14 1996 Pumpsets Water-based 3
A2 AS 1851.15 1997 Local alarms Detection 7 or 6
AS/NZS 1851.16 1997 Pyrogen aerosols Special Hazard 12
— — Fire monitoring systems (new) Detection 8
— — Smoke alarms (new) Detection 7
— — Water mist (new) Special Hazard 13
— — Evacuation (new) EVAC 19
AS 1851—2005 4

CONTENTS

Page

FOREWORD.............................................................................................................................. 8

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL


1.1 SCOPE ...................................................................................................................... 10
1.2 OBJECTIVE.............................................................................................................. 10
1.3 APPLICATION ......................................................................................................... 10
1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ................................................................................ 10
1.5 DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................... 10
1.6 ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... 11
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1.7 MAINTENANCE PROCESS .................................................................................... 12


1.8 MAINTENANCE PROGRAM .................................................................................. 14
1.9 DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING STANDARDS.................... 14
1.10 COMPETENT PERSONS ......................................................................................... 16
1.11 FREQUENCY AND TOLERANCES OF MAINTENANCE INTERVALS.............. 16
1.12 SYSTEMS INTERFACE .......................................................................................... 18
1.13 AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENTS .......................................................................... 19
1.14 SYSTEM INOPERATIVE PRECAUTIONS ............................................................. 19
1.15 DOCUMENTATION................................................................................................. 20
A2 1.16 TRANSITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ..................................................................... 23

SECTION 2 AUTOMATIC FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS


2.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 24
2.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................... 24
2.3 FREQUENCY ........................................................................................................... 26
2.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, SURVEY AND
RECORDS SCHEDULES ......................................................................................... 26

SECTION 3 FIRE PUMPSETS


3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 62
3.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................... 62
3.3 FREQUENCY ........................................................................................................... 63
3.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND RECORDS
SCHEDULES ............................................................................................................ 63

SECTION 4 FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEMS


4.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 76
4.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................... 76
4.3 FREQUENCY ........................................................................................................... 78
4.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND RECORDS
SCHEDULES ............................................................................................................ 78

SECTION 5 DELIVERY LAY FLAT FIRE HOSE


5.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 87
5.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS ................................................................... 87
5.3 FREQUENCY ........................................................................................................... 89
5.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND RECORDS
SCHEDULES ............................................................................................................ 89
5 AS 1851—2005

Page

SECTION 6 FIRE DETECTION SYSTEMS


6.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 92
6.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................... 92
6.3 FREQUENCY ........................................................................................................... 92
6.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, SURVEY AND
RECORDS SCHEDULES ......................................................................................... 93

SECTION 7 SMOKE ALARMS AND HEAT ALARMS


7.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 99
7.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................... 99
7.3 FREQUENCY ........................................................................................................... 99
7.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, SURVEY AND
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RECORDS SCHEDULES ....................................................................................... 100

SECTION 8 FIRE ALARM MONITORING SYSTEMS


8.1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 103
8.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................. 103
8.3 FREQUENCY ......................................................................................................... 103
8.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, SURVEY AND
RECORDS SCHEDULES ....................................................................................... 103

SECTION 9 SOUND SYSTEMS FOR EMERGENCY PURPOSES


9.1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 106
9.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................. 106
9.3 FREQUENCY ......................................................................................................... 106
9.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, SURVEY AND
RECORDS SCHEDULES ....................................................................................... 107

SECTION 10 INTERCOM SYSTEMS FOR EMERGENCY PURPOSES


10.1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 111
10.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................. 111
10.3 FREQUENCY ......................................................................................................... 111
10.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, SURVEY AND
RECORDS SCHEDULES ....................................................................................... 112

SECTION 11 GASEOUS FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS


11.1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 115
11.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................. 115
11.3 FREQUENCY ......................................................................................................... 116
11.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, SURVEY AND
RECORDS SCHEDULES ....................................................................................... 116

SECTION 12 FIXED AEROSOL FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS


12.1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 124
12.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................. 124
12.3 FREQUENCY ......................................................................................................... 125
12.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, SURVEY AND
RECORDS SCHEDULES ....................................................................................... 125
AS 1851—2005 6

Page

SECTION 13 OPEN NOZZLE WATER MIST FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS


13.1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 133
13.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS ................................................................. 133
13.3 FREQUENCY ......................................................................................................... 134
13.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, SURVEY AND
RECORDS SCHEDULES ....................................................................................... 134

SECTION 14 FIRE HOSE REELS


14.1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 142
14.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................. 142
14.3 FREQUENCY ......................................................................................................... 144
14.4 INSPECTION, TEST, SURVEY AND RECORDS SCHEDULES.......................... 145
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SECTION 15 PORTABLE AND WHEELED FIRE EXTINGUISHERS


15.1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 148
15.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................. 149
15.3 FREQUENCY ......................................................................................................... 153
15.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, SURVEY AND
RECORDS SCHEDULES ....................................................................................... 154

SECTION 16 FIRE BLANKETS


16.1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 162
16.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................. 162
16.3 FREQUENCY ......................................................................................................... 163
16.4 INSPECTION AND RECORDS SCHEDULE ........................................................ 164

SECTION 17 PASSIVE FIRE AND SMOKE CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS


17.1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 165
17.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................. 165
17.3 FREQUENCY ......................................................................................................... 169
17.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, SURVEY AND
RECORDS SCHEDULES ....................................................................................... 169

SECTION 18 FIRE AND SMOKE CONTROL FEATURES OF HVAC SYSTEMS


18.1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 197
18.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................. 197
18.3 FREQUENCY ......................................................................................................... 209
18.4 INSPECTION, TEST, PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, SURVEY AND
RECORDS SCHEDULE ......................................................................................... 209

SECTION 19 EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROCEDURES


19.1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................. 238
19.2 PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS .................................................................. 238
19.3 FREQUENCY ......................................................................................................... 238
19.4 VERIFICATION OF SYSTEMS ELEMENTS........................................................ 238
7 AS 1851—2005

Page

APPENDICES
A LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ............................................................... 240
B COMPETENCIES AND AUTHORITY TO WORK ............................................... 243
C MAINTENANCE TAGS OR LABELS—FREQUENCY ........................................ 244
D SAMPLE ANNUAL SYSTEM CONDITION REPORT ......................................... 245
E FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT AND APPLICABLE
MAINTENANCE PROVISIONS ............................................................................ 246
F FIRE PUMPSET TROUBLESHOOTING CHARTS............................................... 248
G OTHER EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROCEDURES ...................................... 252
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AS 1851—2005 8

FOREWORD
The criteria adopted for revising this Standard include reliability, integrity, functionality
and performance of fire protection systems and equipment. Consideration has also been
given to the interfaces between equipment for fire detection and firefighting.
The Standard contains requirements formulated as a means of satisfying Occupational
Health and Safety (OH&S) regulations and the maintenance provisions of the Building
Code of Australia (BCA). It may also form the basis for performance-based solutions. The
combination of inspection, test, preventive maintenance and survey may demonstrate
compliance with the maintenance requirements of the Building Code of Australia.
Training of personnel to the appropriate levels for the carrying out of inspection, test,
preventive maintenance and survey of fire protection systems has not been directly
addressed in this Standard; however, it is recognized that effective maintenance programs
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depend on suitably trained personnel.


An explanation of how this Standard is intended to be implemented is given in Section 1
detailing a four-stage approach of inspection, test, preventive maintenance and survey,
coupled with records to be kept and reports to be made and culminating in the issue of a
final condition report.
Scope and frequency provisions have been revised and, wherever practicable, specific test
results are required to be recorded. The former ‘tick-the-box’ approach has been abandoned
in favour of specific ‘yes/no’ and quantitative answers throughout.
The revised inspection, test, preventive maintenance and survey regimes in this Standard
address the functional aspects of installed fire protection systems and equipment on a
periodic basis, with the objective that systems and equipment operate effectively at all
times. The regimes aim to ensure that fire protection systems and equipment are in working
order throughout the year or period of interest; not only at the time of annual inspection and
test. A significant objective of this Standard is to provide reliability of fire protection
systems and equipment, linking design, installation, commissioning and maintenance.
Continuous correct functioning is a basic criterion, and a new annual survey requirement
also assures that system performance capability (efficacy) is not degraded by building or
occupancy changes, which could otherwise adversely affect the capability of the system to
perform as originally intended.
AS 1851 includes a requirement to annually test all aspects of system interconnection; for
example, detection and alarm systems with atrium smoke exhaust plant, alarm systems with
stairwell pressurization, automatic fire sprinkler systems with HVAC fire mode operation
and warning facilities. This will require adequate documentation of interconnections
between the various systems as required in the design, installation and commissioning
standards.
This Standard complements AS 4655, Fire safety audits. AS 4655 provides a methodology
for examining, where appropriate, by a process of audit, fire safety measures in order to
satisfy appropriate, benchmarks, such as Standards, legislation, contractual arrangements,
regulation and insurance requirements. This Standard provides a set of requirements to
increase the probability that fire protection systems and equipment will function as intended
by the respective design, installation and commissioning Standards, thus achieving
reliability.
9 AS 1851—2005

Maintenance is concerned with the principle that a system will continue to perform to a
design Standard on a pre-determined and regular basis. The audit function is a broader
process undertaken by people skilled in conducting audits. An audit can be undertaken to
provide different levels of confidence that compliance with benchmarks have, or have not,
been met from a basic desktop audit of records or systems design, through to full
verification of fire safety. An audit can confirm the currency or indicate omissions in the
maintenance process. If the audit process reveals a requirement for further examination, any
subsequent inspection, test and survey should follow this Standard.
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AS 1851—2005 10

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard
Maintenance of fire protection systems and equipment

SECT ION 1 SCOPE AND GENERA L

1.1 SCOPE
This Standard sets out requirements for the inspection, test, preventive maintenance and survey
(ITM&S) of fire protection systems and equipment.
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NOTE: This Standard may be used as the basis for performance-based solutions.

1.2 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this Standard is to maximize the reliability of fire protection systems and equipment
such that the systems and equipment meet the requirements of the relevant design, installation and
commissioning Standards and are likely to continue to do so until the next scheduled activity.

1.3 APPLICATION
This Standard is intended to provide a systematic and uniform basis for building owners and
managers, regulators, contractors, insurers and others to implement and administer inspection, test,
preventive maintenance and survey programs applicable to fire protection systems and equipment.

1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS


The documents referenced in this Standard are listed in Appendix A.

1.5 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard the definitions below apply.
1.5.1 Aggressive environment
Harsh operating conditions that impose additional stress on fire protection systems and equipment.
1.5.2 Competent person
A Person who has acquired through training, qualification, experience, or a combination of these, the
knowledge and skill enabling him/her to correctly perform the required task, and who is registered or
licensed by a recognized body acknowledging the training, qualification, experience or skills.
1.5.3 Critical defect
A2
A defect that renders a system inoperative.
1.5.4 Heating, ventilation and airconditioning (HVAC)
Air-handling plant in buildings, used in either, or both, general and fire mode.
1.5.5 Inspection
Visual examination of the components of fire protection systems or equipment to establish correct
settings, physical condition or fitness for purpose.

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au


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AS 1851-2005, Maintenance of fire protection


systems and equipment
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