Continuous Evaluation 3

19 Homeostasis
Class Practice
19.1 Homeostasis
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T

19.2 The urinary system

(a) A is the renal artery because it receives blood from Y which has a thick wall and is an
artery. B is the renal vein because it connects to X which has a thin wall and is a vein.
(b) C is ureter. D is urinary bladder. F is urethra.
D stores urine temporarily.
(c) It contracts most of the time. It relaxes during urination.

19.3 The kidney

1. (a) X is nephron. It consists of a Bowman's capsule, a glomerulus and tubules (or
convolutions) (any two).
(b) A is a collecting duct.
(c) ultrafiltration and reabsorption
2. (a) glucose, amino acids, urea and salts
(b) The blood in the glomerulus is under high pressure. The substances in (a) are small
enough to pass through the walls of the capillaries and the Bowman's capsule by
ultrafiltration.
(c) Urea is not reabsorbed but most of the water is reabsorbed into the capillaries. As a
result, the concentration of urea increases.
(d) The protein molecules are too large to pass through the walls of the capillaries of
the glomerulus. Thus the concentration of proteins in glomerular filtrate and urine
is zero.

19.4 The functions of the kidney

1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F

19.5 Regulation of body temperature

1. (a) poikilotherms
(b) fish
(c) reptiles
2. (d) homoiotherms
(e) birds
19.6 The structure and functions of the skin
1. E
2. G
3. H
4. I
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. F
9. J
10. A

19.7 How do mammals control their body temperature?

A. When it is hot When it is cold

1. hairs (lie flat/raised) lie flat raised

2. erector muscles (relax/contract) relax contract

3. arterioles near the skin surface vasodilation vasoconstriction

4. sweating increases decreases

5. metabolic rate decreases increases

B. 1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
C. 1. A
2. A
3. A

19.8 Regulation of glucose level in blood

1. F
2. F
3. F
4. F

Exam Practice
A. Multiple Choice Questions
 1. B
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. B
9. D
10. B

B. Structured Questions
1. (a) (i) A
(ii) D
(iii) D, E and H
(b) Sweat gland secretes more sweat. The evaporation of sweat takes away heat.
Vasodilation occurs in the arterioles near the skin.
More warm blood flows to the skin surface to dissipate heat.
(c) H is a sebaceous gland. It secretes an oily substance which waterproofs the skin
and prevents the entry of germs.
(d) pain and cold
2. (a) about 90 mg/100 cm3
(b) During exercise, blood glucose is used by muscle cells in oxidation in order to
release energy for muscle contraction.
(c) Intake of food / juice / soft drink occurred at D.
(d) His blood glucose level might be higher than E and remain at a higher level for a
longer period of time.
3. (a) X belongs to a human. Humans are homoiotherms. They can keep their body
temperature constant irrespective of the environmental temperature.
(b) As Y is a poikiotherm, its body temperature becomes lower in winter when the
environmental temperature is low. Its body activities become very slow.
(c) The arterioles near the skin surface constrict. Less blood flows to the superficial
capillaries in the skin. Less heat is lost due to convection, conduction and
radiation.
4. (a) It should flow from B to A. The dialysis fluid should flow in a direction opposite to
that of the blood flow. This increases the efficiency of the machine.
(b) The glucose concentration in the dialysis fluid is the same as or slightly greater
than that in the plasma.
This can prevent the loss of glucose from the blood to the dialysis fluid.
(c) Same as the body temperature / 37°C.
 To maintain the temperature of the blood returning to the patient
(d) It is urea. It is formed from the breaking down of excess protein by deamination in
the liver.

C. STS Connections
(a) The feathers trap a layer of air that is a good insulator of heat.
(b) The surface area that is exposed to the exterior will be smaller so as to reduce heat loss.
(c) The Emperor Penguins pack into a huddle in the winter. Thus heat loss from the bodies
can be reduced by 50%.