EFFECTS OF SOME DRUGS ON BP & HR OF ANAESTHESIZED RAT

VASOPRESSIN observation ANGIOTENSIN HISTAMINE

BP with HR effect on BP Vasopressin --(+) vasopressin receptor type 1(V1) on BV leading to vasoconstriction VC PVR BP

both BP & HR Angiotensin --(+) angiotensin receptors on BV vasoconstriction VC PVR BP Angiotensin sympathetic NS activity sympathetic discharge to the BVs VC

dose BP dose BP & HR Histamine (+) H1 receptors in BVs leading to: Vasodilation : By releasing endothelial-derived NO cap. permeability edema & blood volume

proving experiement

injection of angiotensin receptor antagonist, ARB (e.g. losartan) will block the effect of angiotensin on BP

Injection of H1 receptor antagonist (mepyramine) before histamine

mepyramine reverses the effect of histamine on BP but not HR

effect on HR

VASOPRESSIN (-)ve chronotropic effect is dt the baroreceptor response to BP

ANGIOTENSIN HISTAMINE angiotensin sympathetic NS activity Histamine (+) H2 receptors on Heart Cardiac stimulation sympathetic discharge to the heart HR ( heart rate &SV)

proving experiement

injection of propranolol before angiotensin

Injection of H2 receptor antagonist (ranitidine) before histamine

propranolol abolishes the effect of angiotensin on HR ranitidine reverses the effect of histamine on BP but not HR therapeutic benefits IV to control GIT bleeding e.g. esophageal varices - No - Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) & converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) are used for treatment of hypertension Anaphylactic shock -There is a massive release of histamine 1. VD & capillary permeability hypotension 2.Bronchospasm H1 antagonists play a secondary role can not easily overcome the effect of massive histamine release Epinephrine is a physiological antagonist of histamine drug of choice for anaphylactic shock

PRAZOSIN observation

PROPANOLOL

SALINE

BP with slight in HR effect on BP It is a selective competitive alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist Blocks 1adrenoceptors Dilation of arterioles PVR Dilation of veins VR COP proving experiement

both HR & BP Propranolol blocks both Beta 1 & beta 2 adrenoceptors

transient in BP & HR Saline 0.9% is a crystalloid whose infusion in blood volume SV BP The effect on BP & HR is transient because H2O content freely travels outside the vasculature

Inject a beta adrenoceptor agonist (isoprenaline) before and after propranolol

Propranolol abolishes the effect of isoprenaline on BP and HR

PRAZOSIN effect on HR Since the drug has NO effect on beta receptors, lowering of BP reflex tachycardia

PROPANOLOL EFFECT OF PROPANOLOL ON ALPHA RECEPTORS Inject phenylephrine (a selective alpha adrenoceptor agonist) before and after propranolol

SALINE HR is attributed to Bainbridge reflex, for which the effective stimulus was an adequate rise in central venous pressure

proving experiement

Injection of a selective alpha 1 agonist (phenylephrine) before & after prazosin

Prazosin abolishes the effect of phenylephrine

Propranolol doesnt alter the effect of phenylephrine

therapeutic benefits

Can be used in transient treatment of hypovolemic shock to replace fluids that have been lost