1. Following are correctly associated: a) Hypoxia & coagulative necrosis b) Infection with clostridium perfringens & gas gangrene.

c) Point mutation &. enzymatic deficiency. d) Radiation & apoptosis. e) Fibrinoid necrosis & walls of large veins. 2. Mechanism of reversible cell injury includes: a) Autolysis. b) InactivationofNa-Kpump. c) Lactic acidosis. d) Increased influx ofCa-H-, H20 & Na+ e) Decreased protein synthesis. 3. Free radical induced cell injury is caused by: a) Lipid peroxidation of cell membrane. b) Ca++ influx in the cell. c) Oxidative modification of proteins. d) Lesions in DNA e) Oxidative phosphorylation. 4.Regarding definitions: a) Atrophy is defined as failure of tissues to develop to normal size . b) Hyperplasia is defined as increase in number of cells causing increased volume of organ. ' c) Metaplasia is irreversible change in which one cell type is replaced by another cell type. d) Dysplasia is an irreversible alteration in adult cell characterized by variation in then-size & shape. e) Anaplasia is irreversible change characterized by loss of differentiation. 5. Atrophy: a) Is the shrinkage in the cell size. b) Is the response of cell to aging phenomenon. c) Can be seen in gravid uterus. d) May lead to malignant transformation. e) Is characterized by the presence of autophagic vacuoles. 6. Endogenous pigments:
a) b) c) d) e) Lipofuscin is injurious to cell & its functions. Lipofuscin is responsible for hyperpigmentation in Adddison's disease. Melanin is deposited in bruises . , Hemosiderin causes liver cirrhosis. Increased levels of conjugated bilirubin can cause Kemicterus.

7. Acute inflammation may result in: a) Complete resolution b) Scarring c) Abscess formation d) Progress to chronic inflammation. e) Granuloma formation. 8. Following cause the leukocyte activation: a) C5A b) LB4 c) Bradykinin. d) Prostaglandin. e) Nitric Oxide. 9. Increased permeability in acute inflammation is caused by: a) Leukotriene D b) Prostaglandms. c) Bradykinin d) C3b e) Vasoactive amines. 10. Chronic inflammation is characterized by : a) Tissue destruction. b) Proliferation offibroblasts & small blood vessels. c) Liberation of cytokine(IL-1). d) Accumulation of modified macrophages. e) Release of acid proteases. 11. Regeneration is the type of healing with following features: a) Occurs mainly from parenchymal cells. b) Often restore the original tissue. c) Result in scarring. d) Follows wound with wide gap. ' e) Elements of connective tissue take part in this type of healing.

12.Regarding morphology of edema: a) Congestive heart failure leads to edema of dependant parts of body. b) Renal failure can cause pulmonary edema. c) Pulmonary edema & pneumonia are almost concomitant d) Pitting edema is readily demonstrable in areas with abundant subcutaneous tissue. e) Liver is seldom involved in generalized edema. 13.In pathogenesis of thrombosis: a) Homocysteinemia can lead to endothelial injury. b) Viral endotoxins also damage the endothelium. c) Prosthetic valves decrease the risk of cardiac thrombosis. d) Ulcerated atheromas can cause turbulence in blood flow. e) -Aneurysms can predispose to thrombosis. 14.Secondary mediators of shock include : a) Myocardial factor. b) Hypotension. c) Moderate degree of anemia. d) Normoglycemia. e) Histamine. 15.Embolism: a) Is an attached intravascular solid, liquid or gaseous mass. b) Saddle embolism occurs at bifurcation sites of great vessels. c) Systemic embolization never involves kidneys or spleen. d) Most pulmonary emboli are clinically silent e) Infarction is a serious consequence in end artery organs thromboembolism. 16. Correct statements regarding genetic disorders include: a) Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder. b) Heriditary spherocytosis is an autosomal recessive disorder. c) Ehlars Danlos syndrome is an X-Unked disorder d) Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder. e) Beta-Thalasemia is an autosomal dominant disorder. 17. Follovuna statements are correct ; a) Pneumoconiosis is the deposition of calcium in the lung. b) Silicosis produces chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . c) Coal mine workers are at increased risk ofbronchogenic carcinoma d) Brown atrophy is associated with aging . e) Deposition ofbiliverdin causes yellow discoloration of skin.

18. As regards to hypersensitivity (allergy): a) Type I or immediate hypersensitivity is local as well as general. b) Type II or cytotoxic hypersensitivity includes the hemolytic anemia & Arthus reaction. c) Scrum sickness is the example of immune complex (type III) hypersensitivity. d) Type IV or cell-mediated hypersensitivity is also called delayed hypersensitivity. e) Examples of type IV hypersensitivity include contact dermatitis and Mantoux test. 19.As regards to Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): a) It is used to assay only antibodies. b) It can be used to assay both antigens & antibodies. c) Enzyme substrate reaction produces a color change. d) The amount of antibody bound is proportional to enzyme activity. e) It can be use to assay Hepatitis B surface antigen. 20.Regarding the complement system: a) It is a system of about 20 proteins present in the serum. b) The classical pathway is activated by antigen antibody complex. c) Alternate pathway is activated by endotoxins. d) Membrane attack complex (C5b) is responsible for opsonization. e) The biologic effects of complement include chemotaxis,anaphylaxis,cytolysis & opsonization. 21. Regarding antigens: a) They are molecules that react with antibodies. b) Haptens are not true antigens. c) Antigens and antibodies bind by strong covalent bonds. d) Their molecular weight is usually above 100000. e) Epitopes are small chemical groups on antigen molecules. 22. Following are benign tumors : a) Choristoma. b) Hamartoma. c) Hemangioma. d) Lymphoma. e) Seminoma. .

23. Granulation tissue consists of : a) Fibroblasts. b) Macrophages. c) Newly formed blood vessels, d) Laminin. e) Chondroitin sulphate.

24.Night Blindness. Xeropthalmia & Squamou-s metaplasia 15 seen in : a) Hypovitaminosis A b) Hypovitaminosis E c) Hypovitaminosis B d) Hypovitaminosis C e) Folate Deficency 25. Features of Malignant tumor include : a) Pleomorphism. b) Anaplasia. c) Karyorrhexis. d) High N/C ratio. e) Encapsulation. 26. Carcinoma in situ: a) Is a pre malignant condition. b) Is followed by dysplasia. c) Is followed by metaplasia, d) Leads to invasive carcinoma. e) Does not cross the blood vessel. 27.Following conditions may be pre cancerous : a) Muscular hypertrophy. b) Genetic mutation. c) Chronic ulcerative colitis. d) Meckels diverticulum. e) Solar keratitis. 28.Following are pediatric tumors: a) Leukemia b) Hepatoblastoma. c) Teratomas. d) Mesotheliomas. e) Choristoma. 29. Regarding sterilization and disinfectants: a) Iodine is most effective disinfectant used in medical practice. b) Hydrogen peroxide is used as an antiseptic agent. c) Chlorine is a powerful antiseptic agent. d) Surgical instruments contaminated by spores are only killed by sterilization. e) Pasteurization is the sterilization of milk. 30. Regarding genetic disorders; a) Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant disorder. b) Turner's Syndrome has 46,XX+18. c) Hemophilia A is an X-Linked disorder. d) Down's Syndrome is cytogenetic disorder. e) Alkaptonuria is an autosomal recessive disorder having lack of Homogentisic oxidase.

31.Thc autoclave method of sterilization ; a) Raises temperature to 121C. b) Is performed under atmospheric pressure. c) Utilizes dry heat. d) Resembles in theory with pressure cooker. e) None of the above. , 32. Vibrio cholerae: a) Is a curved comma shaped gram negative rod. b) Is divided into two groups on the basis of cell wall antigen. c) Its endotoxin is called Choleragen. d) Rice water stool is characteristic feature of cholera. e) It is oxidase negative 33. Corynebacterium diphtheriae: a) b) c) d) Spreads through nasal secretions. Results in the release of neurotoxins. Relaxes smooth muscles of respiratory tract. Can be grown on MacConkey's Media. e) Results in the formation of endotoxin.

34. Pathogenesis of Staphylococci includes : a) Toxic shock syndrome. b) Boil, abscess & carbuncle. c) Food poisoning produced by an exotoxin

d) Osteomyelitis. e) Rheumatic fever.

35. Clostridia are: a) Anaerobic gram positive rods. b) Anaerobic gram negative rods c) Aerobic cocci, d) Motile and form spores. e) May be associated with pseudomembranous colitis. 36. Regarding Purified Protein derivative test (PPD): a) It results in localized cellulitis. b) It shows an area of more than 12 mm to be positive . c) It is positive in latent infection of tuberculosis. d) It indicates exposures to M.leprae in the past e) False negative test can be seen in AIDS.

37.Common features of- S.pneumoniae , H-influenzac. and Neisseria species are : a) All are gram negative rods. b) All are gram positive cocci. c) All are capsulated organisms. d) All can be grown on blood agar. e) All may cause meningitis. 38.Each of the following parasites has an intermediate host as part of its life cycle: a) Hymenolepsis nana. b) Taenia solium. c) Echinococcus granulosus. d) Taxocaracati. e) Trichuris trichuria. 39. Regarding Leishmania : a) Leishmania donovani causes Oriental sore. b) Leishmania tropica causes Kala-azar. c) Amastigote stage is the flageHar stage d) Promastigate stage is the aflagellar stage. e) The vectors are sandflies of genus phlebotomus. 40. Regarding malaria: a) Cerebral malaria is one of the complications of P.vivax b) Female anopheles mosquito is the vector. c) Sporozoites directly enter the RBCs. d) Carrier stage occurs only with P.falciparum infection, e) Release ofmerozoites in the blood causes periodic fever. 41. Regarding lab diagnosis of diseases caused by protozoa: a) Cysts or trophozoites of G.lamblia can be seen in stool. b) Leishmania tropica is diagnosed by finding amastigotes in bone marrow, spleen or lymph node biopsy. c) Amastigotes of L.donovani are obtained from skin lesion. d) Thick blood smear may show trophozoites or gametocytes of malarial parasite. e) Diagnosis of Kala-azar can be made by spleen/lymph node biopsy. 42.Each of the following statements concerning Ascaris lumbricoides is correct: a) A.lumbricoides is one of the largest nematodes. b) A.lumbricoides is transmitted by ingestion of eggs. c) Both dogs and cats are intermediate hosts of A.lumbricoides. , d) A.lumbricoides can cause pneumonia.
e) Rhabiditiform larvae is the infective form.

43. Which of the following organisms require vector for their transmission: a) Chlamydia. b) Rickettsia. c) Syphilis. d) Leptospiria. e) Mycoplasma.

44. Following are congenitally transmitted viral infections: a) HAV b) HSVn c) VZV d) HPV e) Rubella. 45. Following relationships are correct: a) HIV & Kaposi carcoma. b) Herpes Simplex Type I and genital infections. c) Capsomers and mycobacterias. d) Mumps and infertitlity e) Koplick's spots and Measles.