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AV connections guide
21/10/05
Connecting your AV system can be confusing, especially if you dont know your composite from your coaxial. As diverse as the devices in your system are youll often find that the means of connecting them is even more varied, so before you get yourself connected, use this guide to find out whats what and where it goes. Video connections As the name suggests, these connections are used to carry video signals between your source, such as a DVD player, and screen. Video connections can be either analogue or digital and follow a hierarchy of performance, starting with:
Composite
While composite is the most common analogue video connection in home cinema its also the lowest quality connection and is best avoided if you can help it. The connection uses a single coaxial cable to carry a combined video signal containing luminance, hue and saturation data thats fitted with an RCA plug at the end and typically coloured yellow. Poor picture quality is a symptom of carrying all elements in a single cable and images often suffer from washed out colours and fizzing images. Advantages: Universal compatibility Disadvantages: Poor picture quality
S-Video
S-Video stands for Super Video, a standard developed by JVC almost two decades ago thats still common among sources and screens today. The single cable connection consists of four round metal pins and one rectangular plastic one that can be frustrating to fit. S-Video offers improved performance by separating the video signal into luminance and chrominance. S-Video doesnt improve picture resolution but does enhance colour resolution for a richer, more refined picture. Advantages: Improved colour performance Disadvantages: Fiddly connections; poor resolution
Scart (RGB)
Scart was originally known as the Euro Scart after being developed in France and eventually becoming adopted throughout Europe although its still pretty much ignored by the rest of the world. The oddly shaped connection holds 21 pins that each carry a signal with some pins acting as inputs and others as outputs so the connection works both ways. However, not all the pins are always used, with some Scarts only carrying basic signals and others only carrying video signals. Fully wired Scart cables carry both video and audio signals offering the convenience of a single cable. And Scart cables can also carry data signals with uses such as instructing your TV to automatically adjust its aspect ratio. Fully wired RGB (simply Red, Green and Blue where three colour components of video are carried separately) Scarts provide one of the finest analogue video connections with excellent detail and colour resolution. However, many products only carry a single RGB Scart connection (that should be used for your most used video source),
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forcing you to compromise with other components. Advantages: Versatility; carries video and audio; excellent picture performance Disadvantages: Not universally accepted; no progressive scan video support
Component
Component (often marked Y, Yb, Yr or something similar) is the finest extended definition analogue connection available and, subsequently, the connection of choice for home cinema enthusiasts. Component connections appear as a set of three coaxial cables carrying a single luminance and two phase-opposite chrominance signals with different Red, Green and Blue colour markings. Component connections can accept high-definition, interlaced video signals up to 1080i and also support progressive scan video provided you have compatible equipment. The picture is detailed, smooth and free of noise, especially using progressive scan mode, and comes close to cinema quality. Advantages: Outstanding picture quality; supports progressive scan video Disadvantages: Not digital; doesnt carry sound
RCA Phono
RCA phono, developed by Radio Corporation of America (RCA), is the standard analogue audio interconnect found in most AV products.
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The single, plugged cables are used to carry analogue audio, supporting either mono or stereo sound. Non-digital stereo sources typically use a pair of colour-coded interconnects to separately carry the left (white) and right (red) channels. Sound performance is dictated by the quality of connections used and upgrading your interconnects is one of the easiest and cheapest ways to improve your system. Advantages: Simplest analogue audio connection; inexpensive Disadvantages: Doesnt support digital components; limited to stereo only
FireWire
FireWire is a true all-digital audio connection thats also known as IEEE1394 or i.Link (Denon has its own version called Denon Link). Its most commonly used in home cinema as a multichannel audio interface to support digital sources, transferring data at a very high rate. Video applications are available but are largely limited to digital camcorders. Single cable FireWire connections for home audio applications usually have six-pin connectors at either end and carry audio signals with virtually no signal loss. FireWire connections are still only found in a few high-end components. But the numbers are growing. Not only do FireWire connections offer the convenience of a single cable but the lack of signal deterioration means sound quality comes close to the original recording. Advantages: All-digital connection; tremendous bandwidth; single cable Disadvantages; Still relatively rare
XLR
XLR is a specialist connection used in high-end and professional audio equipment. Its sometimes referred to as a balanced connection where positive and negative wires are separately shielded to prevent interference from external noise. XLR connectors are circular with three pins and the balanced design helps eliminate noise and hum, especially when used with pro microphones and PA amplifiers. Advantages: Balanced connection impervious to external interference Disadvantages: Not in common use
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DIN
DIN (Deutscher Industrie Normen) is a European standard connection used as an alternative to RCA phono thats found in some specialist, high-end audio equipment and computer systems. DIN connectors look similar to S-Video connectors with five pins. DIN connections dont reflect the audio signal like RCA phonos, improving performance, especially with harmonics and background instruments. Advantages: Audiophile quality sound Disadvantages: Limited to a few products; comparatively expensive
BNC
BNC connections are another alternative to RCA connectors that are found in some plasmas, projectors and high-end audio equipment. The connector simply turns and locks to stop cables from coming loose. You can connect standard RCA cables using an adapter. Advantages: Solid connections that dont come undone Disadvantages: Limited use
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