Biology 1408 (CDI): General College Biology I Study Guide for Examination 3 Lesson 11 (Chapter 29 - The Circulatory System)

Describe blood. Give functions of a circulatory system. Compare open and closed circulatory systems. List the components of blood and give the function(s) of each. Compare the circulatory systems of fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. State the meaning of blood type and explain how blood type information is utilized. Outline the flow of blood through the human heart. State the function of the coronary artery. Describe the function of the SA node. Explain the result of a defective heart valve. Describe the cardiac cycle. Describe arteries, veins, and capillaries and list their functions. Describe what happens to heart cells as a result of the blockage of a coronary artery. Explain the problems on would have if diagnosed with anemia. Explain the problem if diagnosed with atherosclerosis. Describe the structures and function(s) of the lymphatic system.

Lesson 12 (Chapter 30 The Respiratory System)

Describe the primary cause of death in a premature baby. Explain why oxygen is required for most organisms to function. Describe surface requirements for gas exchange to occur in organisms. Describe the term respiratory surface. Give reasons insect size is limited. Explain countercurrent exchange in regard to the respiratory system of fish. Give adaptations required for the evolution of animals from aquatic to a terrestrial environment. Describe how inhalation/exhalation occurs in humans. List the major functions of the human respiratory tract. Identify the major structures of the human respiratory system and give their functions. Give the location and function of alveoli. Describe COPD. Describe the biological effects of smoking. Explain how oxygen is transported through the human body. Identify the respiratory control center in humans and how it functions. Explain how and why a newborn baby starts to breathe.

Lesson 13 (Chapter 31 Nutrition and Digestion)

State the essential function of a digestive system. Define heterotroph. State why endotherms require more energy than ectotherms. State what happens at each stage (ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination) of digestion. Describe substrate, deposit, bulk and filter feeders. State the reason digestion by symbiotic microorganisms is important. Give the name of a digestive system with two openings.

Describe adaptive mechanisms in herbivorous that allow them to digest cellulose. Describe the process by which food moves through the digestive system. Describe digestion in the mouth. Identify the enzyme responsible for the chemical digestion of proteins in the stomach and describe how it works. Identify the function of the small intestines and villi. Describe the functions of the pancreas and liver. Explain the function of the gall bladder. Identify the primary function of the large intestines. Explain why digestive systems in herbivores and carnivores differ. Explain the best way to ensure good nutrition. Explain the value of dietary fiber. Define metabolic rate. Name diseases associated with obesity. Describe how appetite is controlled in the human body.

Lesson 14 (Chapter 32)

Define thermoregulation. State the reason endotherms require more energy than ectotherms. Describe countercurrent heat exchange. Explain how freshwater fish conserve salts. Explain how mammals eliminate nitrogenous wastes. State the forms of nitrogen wastes you would expect in fish and insects. List the functions of the vertebrate liver. Name the structure in the kidney that purifies blood and restores solute and water balance. Explain how the nephron works and urine is formed. List the functions of the vertebrate excretory system. Describe the structure of the human urinary system. List the functions of the vertebrate excretory system. State the function of antidiuretic hormone. Explain how a dialysis machine works.

Lesson 15 (Chapter 33)

Identify the lymphoid organs. List and state the functions of each type of white blood cells. List and describe innate defenses against diseases. Describe the inflammatory response. Describe the function of histamine at the site of an infection. State the major result of the inflammatory response. Define antigen. Describe methods of immunization. Describe how a helper T cell works. Describe how a B cell works. Describe how an antibody works. Describe clonal selection. State how immunological memory occurs. Define passive immunity. Distinguish the primary from the secondary immune response. Describe methods of immunization.

Describe and give examples of the autoimmune response. Describe the cause and result of untreated AIDS. Explain allergies/allergens.