QUESTIONS TO WORK WITH

Read the assays of your classmates and answer the following questions. Some of these may be in the TIC History exam. 1. When did Videogames appear and what did they look like? Lisa Video games appeared when, after the end of World War II, the victorious powers built the first supercomputers programmables as ENIAC. The first video games were extremely simply than the actual ones, and the first video games were of chess and tennis. 2. What is a MODEM and what is it used for? Jandro Is a device that modulates an analog signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. The objective is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data. Modems can be used over any analog signals, from diodes to radio. 3. Why ADSL can transmit the digital information at the same time than conversations? Jandro Because ADSL uses frequencies that aren't used by a voice telephone call. A splitter, or DSL filter, allows a single telephone connection to be used for both; ADSL service and voice calls can occur at the same time. 4. What are artificial satellites used for? Name the first one. Suany A communications satellite is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purpose of telecomunications . It is used for mobile applications such as communications with vehicles and planes, radio, TV, GPS... The first artificial satellite was the Sputnik launched on October 4, 1957, which was equipped with an on-board radio transmiter. 5. How the GPS receiver calculates the position?Suany The GPS works through a network of 27 satellites in orbit, synchronized to cover the hole surface of the Earth. To determine the position, the receiver locate at least three satellites of the network, of which receives a signal indicating the position of each one of them. So, with this triangulation, the receiver can determinate the point with the distance of each satellite. 6. Which devices are used as external memories? Javi The external memory allows the permanent storage of large quantities of data, usually measured in megabytes or even in gigabytes. The most common form of external memory is a hard disc which is permanently installed in the computer has a capacity of hundreds of megabytes. There are many types of external memories: flash drives, memory cards... 7. Explain the four generations of mobile technology, indicating the

improvements of each. Ana The 4 generations of mobile technology are: 1st Generation: It was the creation of the first mobiles phones and the beginning of the first phone calls (Vodafone, in 1985). 2nd Generation: Appears the digital transmission instead of analog, so many people started using phones. Technology made improvements, like in batteries and electronics. As a result, phones tended to be smaller than the previous brick phones. The 2G also introduced the SMS that started to become a trend among all ages. 3rd Generation: In the 3G started the using of packet switching that led to a faster and higher connection. Mobiles began to have radio, television and Wi-Fi connection. By the end of 2007, there were 295 million subscribers on 3G networks worldwide. 4th Generation: The difference between 3G and 4G is that the 4G connections are about 10 times faster and it increased a lot the number of applications. 8. Which are the differences by means of signal speed between optical and copper wires? Jandro The main difference is that optical wires are especially advantageous for longdistance communications, because light propagates through the fibber with little attenuation compared to electrical cables (copper wires). Because of its advantages over electrical transmission (faster) , optical fibers have largely replaced copper (Cu) wire communications in in the developed world. 9. Explain the basis of image generation in cathode ray tube screen. Differences in colour and black-and-white TV. Annika The cathode ray tube is a technology that displays images using a constant light beam to a screen phosphor-coated glass and lead. Phosphorus can play the image from the beam, while the X-rays lead blocks to protect users of their radiation. The main difference between this two types of TV is that the colour one is a Digital TV (with leds) and the black-and-white is an Analogical TV. Also the black-and-white TV is formed by a film that takes 30 pictures per second, while the colour TV is a set of technologies. 10. Which is the role of Modem in LAN? Federico Is a device that modulates an analog signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. The objective is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data. 11. Why are internet models OSI and TCP/IP divided into layers? How do these protocols work? Laia ISO (International Organization for Standardization) developed a model called the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). The OSI model contains seven layers which build on one another. Each layer provides specific services and makes the results available to the next layer. The OSI model doesn't correspond to TCP/IP models because it has more layers (seven) that are more a conceptual exercise created by a large committee then of practical importance. 12. What is a MAC address? Ashley Is a hardware identification number that uniquely identifies each device on a network. Because there are millions of network devices, and each device needs to

have a unique MAC address, there has to be a very wide range of possible addresses. Because of that the MAC addresses are made up of six two-digit hexadecimal numbers, separated by colons. 13. Who invented the screw-press and why was it so important? How written information was broad caste before it? Explain these ideas. Claudia The German inventor Johann Gutenberg used mobile types for the first time in Europe to stamp the Bible (15th century). When this technology came to Europe, it provoked a great demand for books (using these new machines called screwpresses). Thanks to the press and its diffusion in the European continent, there could be stamped steering wheels and rudimentary forms that contributed to the decrease of illiteracy. Before the invention of the screw-press, the information was broad caste by: paintings in the walls of the caves (prehistory), pictograph and papyrus, alphabet, parchment, torches and finally paper. 14. What do we call Multimedia to? What is it used for? Lisa We call Multimedia to all that combines text, audio, still images, animation, video or interactivity (with high levels of control and interaction for the user). The word "multimedia" is only used to describe multiple forms of media and content. 15. Differences between first and last generation of cellular phones. Ana The difference between the 1G and the 4G is that the first one includes only the creation and beginning of the mobiles phones and mobile calls, and the 4G includes all the applications, connections and networks related with mobile phones. 16. What is a network protocol and how does it work? Federico A network protocol is a formal set of rules that governs how computers and other network devices exchange information over a network. So a protocol is a standard procedure and format that two data communication devices must understand, accept and use to be able to talk to each other. 17. Which are the applications for instant communication? How do them work in terms of network? (* Isn't explain it) Laura The instant communication applications are: to make connections with people with similar interests and goals from all the world, to create forums and online conferences, to communicate in real time... 18. Which were the first machines that made numeric calculations for the first time? Explain a little their working. Ellie One of the first machines that made numeric calculations were: ABACUS: first type of calculator that was invented. It was a very simple but effective way of solving the problems. Each bead above the beam in the middle is the equivalent to 5 and each bead below is the same as 1. You use either the units, tens, hundreds or thousands as you would if you were writing them down. You push the beads that you use closer to the beam and those are the ones you subtract or add. SLIDE RULE: is used mainly for multiplication, division, square roots, logarithms and trigonometry. 19. Which devices became more important from screw-press up to telephone? Explain them a little. Isabella. The devices that became more important from screw-press up to telephone were:

- Pencils: an enormous deposit of graphite was discovered on the approach to Grey Knotts (England), so an Italian couple gave to the pencil the typical appearance that we know. - Semaphore lines: Hooke invented a method of communication by visual signals using towers with pivoting shutters. - Electrical telegraph: Its a telegraph that uses electrical signals, usually conveyed via telecommunication lines or radio. - Fax: is the telephonic transmission of scanned printed material (both text and images), normally to a telephone number connected to a printer. - Typewriter: is a mechanical device with keys that, when pressed, cause characters to be printed on a paper. 20. Which was the first wire transmission? Explain its evolution and the phone networking nowadays. The first wire transmission was the electricity to light a bulb (Tesla). But this evolved very fast and nowadays, wire transmission includes bulbs, lamps, different type of technologies... The actually phone networking is so similar to a lad-top, because thanks to its evolution, now you can talk, do video-calls, explore the internet, chat, send e-mails, and millions of applications, only with a phone.

Jandro Bonet, 1 Bach. E, TIC