SEMINAR ONE Lakoff, R.T. (2000) The Language War. Univbersity of California Press. (pp. 1-15) 1.

What is Lakoffs attempt to answer the question she asksat the very beginning of the chapter? (pp.1-2) 2. How did applied linguistics begin in America? (pp.2-3) 3. How does Lakoff see Chomskys role in the echanges in lingusitics which strted in the la te 1950s? (pp.4-5) 4. What was the task of the linguist in the chomskian paradigm? (pp. 5-6) 5. How do representatives of general linguistics (GL) and applied linguistics (AL) see the concept of meaning? (p.6) 6. What is the relationship between GL and AL? (pp. 7-8) 7. On page 8 (paragraph starting yet), Lakoff gives a definition of discourse and the processes it involves.What is the perspective on discourse in GL and AL? 8. On p.9 (paragraph starting some linguists), Lakoff defines language and discusses a possible theory of how we use language to make meaning. What are her definition and her arguments about such a theory? (p.9) 9. At the bottom of page 9, Lakoff approaches the issue of scientific study in linguistics in the 21st century. What does this mean in relation to research in general? (pp. 9-10) 10. Starting at the bottom of page 10 and on pages 11 and 12, Lakoff debates the rseponsibility for the production of meaning. What is her opinion? 11. On p. 12 Lakoff makes a point on literary theory. What is her point? (pp. 12-13) 12. What fault does Lakoff find with early 20th century American linguistics? (p. 14) 13. Why does Lakoff call herself a liberal? (pp. 14-15)

SEMINAR TWO Ellis, R. (1985). Understanding Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: OUP, pp. 418 1. What is SLA (p.4) 2. Why does Ellis ask himself whether SLA is a uniform phenomenon? (pp.4-5) 3. How can you compare SLA, L1 acquisition and FL acquisition? (p. 5) 4. What was the role of syntax and morphology in SLA and what does Ellis think this role is nowadays? (p.5) 5. Describe competence and performancein Chomskys (1965) view. (pp. 5-6) 6. What is the difference between acquisition and leaning? (p.6) 7. What is the role of th efirst language? Look at Elliss chronological discussionof this issue on pp. 6 and 7. 8. How does Ellis compare the views on SLA in contrastive analysis and error analysis i.e., what is the role of negative transfer compared to that of the natural route in SLA. (pp. 8-9) 9. Why are errors an important source of information about SLA? (p. 9) 10. What are variable rules and why does Ellis think they are necessary? (p. 9) 11. What are the two types of contextual variation in relation to language-learner language and what do they mean? (p. 10) 12. What does Ellis consider to be the single most important issue in SLA research? (p. 10) 13. What are individual learner differences? List the ones Ellis mentions and describe them. (pp.10-11) 14. What is the role of thje input? (pp. 12-13) 15. What are learner processes/strategies and why is research in this area important for SLA? (pp. 13-15) 16. What is the role of formal instruction? (pp. 17-18)

SEMINAR THREE Ellis, R. (1985). Understanding Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: OUP, pp. 47-71 1. What are the two types of lerner errors Ellis mentions on p. 47? What are his examples? Can you give examples of your own? 2. What is the difference between L2 learners errors and those of native-speaker children and adults?Examine Ellis examples and try to find similar examples for the errors a non-native learner of Romanian would make. Compare these with errors Romanian children and adults might make? (p. 47) 3. How does Ellis compare CA and EA? (pp. 47-48) 4. Discuss Corders (1967) view of the three ways in which errors can be significant? (p. 48) 5. What are the steps in EA research which Corder (1974) suggests? (p. 48) 6. Describe the collection of learner errorsand discuss the examples Ellis gives. (pp. 49-50) 7. Describe the identification of learner errorsand comment on Ellis examples. (pp. 50-54) 8. What is the description of errors and what does it involve? Comment on the studies Ellis discusses in order to support his point of view. (pp. 54-57) 9. What is the explanation of errors concerned with? (p. 57) 10. What sources of errors does Ellis find in Taylor (1986) and Abbott (1980) and how does he explain the two kinds of performance mistakes? (p. 58) 11. What sources of competence errors did Richards (1971b) identify? (p. 58) 12. How are Richards error categories different from thos eof Schachter and CelceMurcia (1977) and Lott (1983) (p. 58-59)? 13. What types of intralingual errors does Richards (1971b) distinguish and how does he explain them? (p. 59) 14. What are Dulay and Burts (1974b) error categories and why were they criticised? (p.60) 15. What are induced errors? Mention the work of Stenson (1974) and Svartvik (1973b). (p. 60) 16. How did Richards (1971b) and Dualy and Burt (1974b) deal with the views of the behaviourist habit formation theory and those of the mentalist creativeconstruction theory in their investigation of laerner errors? (pp. 60-61)

17. Discuss Flicks (1980) approach to the study of lerner errors. What were his research results? (pp. 61-62) 18. What is error evaluation? How are error evaluation studies designed? Comment on research questions in error evaluation studies. (p. 63) 19. How are global errors and local errors defined by various researchers? Comment on their examples. (pp. 63-66) 20. What are the differences in error evaluation in the judgements made by nativespeaker and non-native-speaker judges? (pp. 66-67) 21. Comment on the limitations of EA. (pp. 67-68) 22. What are the main points in the summary section on pp. 68-69? 23. What are Ellis conclusions on his reassessment of EA on pp. 69-70?

SEMINAR FOUR Schumann, J.H. (1986) Research on the acculturation model for second language acquisition. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, vol.7, No. 5, pp. 379-391 1. What two groups of variables does Schumann state acculturation is made of? How does he define it? (p.379) 2. To what extent is an L2 learner supposed to acquire the TL in the TL environment? (p. 379) 3. What are the two types of acculturation that Schumann discusses on pp. 379380? 4. How does Schumann define the concept: socila variables involved in acculturation? 5. Discuss Schumanns seven social variables and their role in acculturation. (pp. 380-382) 6. How does Schumann define the concept: affective variables involved in acculturation? (pp. 382) 7. Discuss language shock and cultural shockCan you think of any examples? (pp. 382-382) 8. Discuss motivation and ego permeability as affective variables involved in acculturation (pp.383-384 9. Wht is the relationship between SLA and acculturation in Schumanns view? (pp. 384-385) 10. Describe the studies which Schumann discusses in terms of their having been designed to test his Acculturation model: a. Schmidt (1983) p. 385 b. Kitch (1982) p.386 c. Kelley (1982) pp. 386-387 d. Stauble (1981) p. 387 e. England (1982) pp. 387-388 f. Maple (1982) p. 388 11. What two issues rekated to the research studies discussed in question 10 does Schumann introduce on pp. 389-390? 12. Summarise Schumanns conclusion on p. 390.