Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
AND
A CASE IN THE
AMONG
ASSAB
i
B
KITAW
Y
M.D.
DEMISSIE,
Thesis
submitted for
fulfilment of Master
of of
the Science.
requirements
January Assab,
37,
7988
Ethiopia.
of Health Program
CERTlFlCA
TE
OF
APPROVAL. Feb.
28, 7988
I hereby, by Kitaw
recommend
that
the
thesis
prepared
under and
Demissie , M. D.
entitled
A Case - Control
study of the
i
in partial fulfilment requirements MEDICINE degree (Comm.
OF SCIENCE
IN COMMUNITY
-M.SC
Professor
, . \ ) ~
Yves
:' ') 'I
Bergevin
.') \. ,-.~ "
!hesis
:dViSO~.
Recommendation
concurred
in
Head of Department
Committee Final
on
Examination
ACKNOWLEDCEMEN
T.
I have Professor
had
the good
fortune
Yve Bergevin's
collaboration
- Ethiopio
Community of this
health work.
numerous
generously
from
biostatistics, of my needs
practical in regard
of material.
Cetachew
Tades se ,
Vice Minister
of Health
gave on
and strong
administrative
support
to my work
grateful
to IORC, A to Solomon
for
funding for
Zewdie
analyzing
data.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GAPTER
PAGE
1
a) Ger~r~~
b) Port Accidents ~. The Cost of Accidents 4. Causation - I. METHODOLOGY: 1. Objective 2. Design a) Preparatory phase of Accidents
15 21 31
49 50 50 50
51
instrument and training 54 55 56 56
d) The research
e) Recruitment
f) Pilot
phase
56 57 59
- V
CHAPTER IV. V.
1.
PAGE
62 103 116
RESULTS DISCUSSIONS CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ANNEX: Atmex A - Data Entry Format Annex B - ANSI Classification
n.
124 131
Ill.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
143
FIGURES
14. Percentage distribution of accidents by place in Assab Port,1987 15. Distribution of accident by day of the weeks,Assab Port,1987 16. Accident rates by time of the day Time of accidents since the beginning of work,Assab Port,1987 18. Distribution of accidents by their nature,Assab Port,1987 19. Accidents by part of the body affected
PAGE
77
79 81
17.
83
87 88
LIST OF TABLES TABLES Table 1. All factories accident rates per 1,~00 workers employed in India and 2. PAGES
U.K.
in port
14
16 21 25
3. 4. 5.
q.
7.
Frequency of exposure among N case control pairs 60 involved, 62 by age involved,A~~ab 62 by sex involved, Assab 66 by ever attended 68
8.
9.
10.
11.
Rate of accidents
educational status, Assab Port, 1987 12. Rate of accidents worker,Assab 3. by category of worker
68
PAGE
t~e ~~st_oge
y~~r sickness 97
97
PAGE
98
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS:
1.
ANSI
American National Standard Method of Recording Basic Facts Relating to the Nature and Occurrence of Work Injuries.
2. 3.
IDRC NEC
=
SUM
M A R Y.
of accidents
7986-87
related
and analysis
in the port of Assab in 7987. are employed in the port of As sob , but or are employed with industrial
to bring
5,930 (97.2% L were on the list of the concerned with industrial males, work.
four departments This number females. To describe among workers pairs) study,
principally
the occurrence
and determinants
matched on the basis of their similarity variables was designed. from October
76,
to the selected
The study
7987 to December
of accidents
that occurred
among workers
of accidents
in the
0.6 accidents
00 employee
per
with
accident
per 7,000
sed workers
- months.
No significant among the worker's apprentice. The accident to its lawest Saturdays. be highest
difference categories
was noted
labeled as skilled,
frequency
was highest
with an increase
was observed
(8
p. m to 4 p. m) man-hours,
7,000 workers
shift. of man-days lost showed, 7,577 over a period works total man days of 55 days. to The
out to 6.5,
of seriousness of seriousness
was found
to
showed
being
to be spent
This cost is only for the medical and man-days the insurance payments and other
of accidents
by category
of causation to be involved
showed
both
by
environmental
(35.2%)
factors,
in agencies
hazardous
or procedures
and placement
hazards
inattention
to footing
improper
and failure
identified
experience
in the
between
classified and
as " electricians,
port workers
of a fulltime Safety
of a safety
q,
Introduction system
of an effective
investigation port.
and recording
of accidents
5.
system
6.
Strong
efforts
of safety
training
and
safety
and safety
communication to effectively
groups
are necessary
reduce
the accidents
CHAPTER
I.
IN TRODUCTlON
special industrial
of the places
take place in close proximity and in the neighbouring and floating obiect s .
to the water,
warehouses
and sheds
or on boardships
and it differs
Work done there does not reflect agent. tatives handlers) but rather (transit the combined
of a single
agents),
the various
managing
the harbour
as well
as the government.
[unctions tm y
enterprises,
personnel
the same
and perform
their operations
circumstances
that is often
is further gangs
increased made
by
that
the
work
up in different to the
a collective
job limited
time needed
in question.
North-Eastern
part
which
or are employed with books work. making industrial of the four This 96.5
is unlikely
to bring
is made
up of 5725 males
205 females,
respectively.
problems
arising
in connection
with
the
work
in
objects: floating
the object.
between movement
presence
of persons and
on board, unmooring
transport of vessels.
goods
on boardshlp , and
the mooring
on dry
land: and
the
movement
of persons ground of
transport warehouses,
storage
of goods
and
trans-shipment
=--:-~r]~ent on boardship
or on landlIB).
established
to coordinate is served
section.
with regard
to safety
and health
is to
which occur in the port and to facilitate payments to the workers. Accidand
cidents
ed.
1986 - 87 ,000
the accident
worked
This figure
(hidden) person,
accident
injured
ing
injured
employee,
endant
and hospital
died as a result
of an
there
in the Assab
The cost of the accidents together with the mortality and morbidy is a big drain on an already precarious economy and is a major and potentially modifiable health problem in the Awraja.
The above findings forced us to undertake accident investigations in the Assab port.
As there is no reported Ethiopian data on the occurrence, 'eterminants and causation of accedents in the port, the present udy provides information ~tive on the major causes of accidents, the
frequencies of all causes, consequences and cost of treatand cost of accidents in general. It also develops a
useful for the planning of preventive strategies and - ~ implementation in the future. _ e specific objectives are:-
etermine the incidence density of all causes of 'dents in Assab 'Port. escribe the rate of accidents by age, sex, educational
~=~n~,
loacation of accident, day of the week, time of theday, facility attended, experience of work, work category,
~~~~ent,
(e)
To describe the percentage distribution of accidents by the nature of injury, part of body affected, source of injury, Accident type, major causes and severity.
(d)
(e)
in general, and
(f)
In addition, several hypothesis of association with the occurrence of accident~ are to be tested.
HI. That the rate of occurrence of accidents is inversely related to the educational status of the worker.
H2. That accidents occur more frequently in the night shift than the day shift.
That the rate of occurrence of accidents is directly related to the number of sickness episodes last one year. in the patient within the
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