Sevilla, Beatrice Veronica G.

BSN 3Y2-5,Grp 451A

Effectiveness of HIV counseling services on knowledge, attitude, behavior and practice (KABP) among pregnant women attending PPTCT program. Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi-110002, India. Journal Article: The Journal of communicable diseases 09/2009; 41(3):175-82. Counseling services is an important component of National AIDS Control Program which aims at creating awareness and promoting changes in reducing high risk behavior against HIV/AIDS. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics are being counseled about HIV/AIDS under prevention of parent to child transmission (PPTCT) program. The objective of this study was to assess (KABP) regarding HIV/AIDS among pregnant women attending PPTCT program before and after counseling at Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi. A Quasi-experimental study was conducted. Data was collected by interviewing 600 pregnant women attending ANC clinic during May 2006 to May 2007 using a pre-test and post-test interview schedule. About 69.2% of the pregnant women had heard about AIDS before the counseling. Knowledge regarding mother to child transmission of HIV was 53.5%. 38.2% knew that mother to child transmission can be reduced by drugs. The knowledge of pregnant women about AIDS was significantly different in pre-test (mean score = 15.3) and post test (mean score = 35.6) (P < 0.0001). Attitude of study participants towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) indicated that individuals with HIV should be allowed to work (79.9%) and all commercial sex workers should compulsorily be tested for HIV (55.1%). There was significant difference between in pre-test and post-test attitude about PLWHA and HIV testing (p < 0.0001). The condom use among the study participants significantly

improved after counseling (1.2% in pre-test and 58.6% after counseling) (p < 0.0001). Counseling services were effective in increasing knowledge and changes in attitude and behavior among pregnant women and the efforts needs to be sustained.

Reaction: AIDS is neither hereditary nor inborn. It involves an immune deficiency. It is a syndrome, combination of signs and symptoms that form a distinct clinical picture of disorder. It can be transmit by sexual intercourse, blood transfusion or perinatal transmission. In this article, it says that the health care professionals provide a control program for AIDS which is the counseling service. It creates awareness and reduces high risk behavior against HIV/AIDS. Being aware of the disease is very important. If we know the disease then we will also know how to prevent from the disease. In counseling services, the health care professionals should give facts about the disease, give instructions about the treatment, provide guidance on how to avoid contracting STD again and disseminate information about the disease. Counseling service is very important in preventing the AIDS, because of this, the person can avoid practices that can lead him/her to the disease.

ASSESSMENT, PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND CONSEQUENCES OF INADEQUATELY TREATED ACUTE PAIN Postoperative pain is a major health care issue. Several factors have contributed to inadequate postoperative pain control, including a lack of understanding of preemptive pain management strategies, mistaken beliefs and expectation of patients, inconsistencies in pain assessment practices, use of as- needed analgesics that patients must request and lack of analgesic regimens that account for inter individual differences and requirements. Untreated acute pain has the potential to produce acute neurohumoral changes, neuronal remodeling, and long lasting psychologic

and emotional distress and may lead to prolonged chronic pain states. To effectively manage postoperative pain, nurses must be able to adequately assess pain severity in diverse patient populations, understand how to monitor physiologic changes associated with pain and its treatment, be prepared to address the psychosocial experiences accompanying pain, and know the consequences of inadequate analgesia. It is important for nurses to be aware of relevant research and evidence-based guidelines that are available to guide pain assessments and patient monitoring practices. 2008 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Reaction: Some health care professionals think that pain is a normal response after the surgery. Yes it is, but health care professionals should check the severity of the pain. They should assess it properly to determine the cause of the pain. In this article, it says that there is inadequate pain control but theres always a solution to the problem. First, the nurse should assess the pain severity and monitor physiologic changes properly. The nurse can do this if he/she has necessary equipment, presence of mind and critical thinking. The patient may also experience psychological changes if the pain is not relieved. In order to not aggravate the pain or experience new abnormal feelings, the nurse must be sure that the pain is relieved. The nurse should give attention to the patient and he/she must be sure with the procedures he/she will do with the patient. Unrelieved pain may cause other changes or abnormalities. Ignoring patients pain may aggravate the situation of the patient. The nurse may give health teaching to the family of the patient in order to correct the mistaken beliefs. Be sure that analgesics are ready. Before the treatment, be sure to have the right assessment. If the nurse gets the right assessment, he/she will have the right way to relieve the pain.