Constitutional Law II Syllabus of Atty.

Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola

Constitutional Law II
v1.0, as of 24 June 2012 24 June 2012 (18 Cases) I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS A. B. C. D. E. Concept of the Bill of Rights General characteristics of rights under the Bill of Rights Purpose of the Bill of Rights Threats against rights and liberties Classification 1. Civil Rights 2. Political Rights 3. Social and Economic Rights F. Doctrine of Preferred Freedom (Hierarchy of Rights)
A001 Philippine Blooming Mills Employment Organization, et al. vs. Philippine Blooming Mills Co. Inc., GR L-31195, 5 June 1973; En Banc, Makasiar [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1973/jun1973/gr_31195_1973.html

1. Human rights over property rights 2. Tests a. Balancing of Interests. b. Clear and Present Danger. G. History of the Bill of Rights 1. Origin of the Bill of Rights a. England (1) Charter of Liberties (2) Magna Carta (1215) (3) Petition of Rights (1628) and the Bill of Rights (1689) b. United States (1) United States Constitution (1789) (2) Amendments to the United States Constitution II. Introduction of the Bill of Rights in the Philippines a. McKinley's Instructions (1900) b. Philippine Bill of 1902 c. Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 d. 1935 Philippine Constitution e. 1973 Philippine Constitution f. 1987 Philippine Constitution FUNDAMENTAL POWERS OF THE STATE I. POLICE POWER A. B. C. D. Definition, Scope and Basis Characteristics {Who exercises power?} Determination of the validity in the exercise of Police Power 1. National laws.
B001 B002 B003 Lozano vs. Martinez, GR L-63419, 18 December 1986; En Banc, Yap [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1986/dec1986/gr_63419_1986.html Tablarin vs. Gutierrez, GR 78164, 31 July 1987; En Banc, Feliciano [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1987/jul1987/gr_78164_1987.html Del Rosario vs. Bengzon, GR 88265, 21 December 1989; En Banc, Grio-Aquino [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/dec1989/gr_88265_1989.html Taxicab Operators of Metro Manila vs. Board of Transportation, GR L-59234, 30 September 1982; En Banc, Melencio-Herrera [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1982/sep1982/gr_l_59234_1982.html Anglo-Fil Trading Corporation vs. Lazaro, GR L-54958, 2 September 1983; En Banc, Gutierrez Jr. [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1983/sep1983/gr_l-54958_1983.html Bautista vs. Junio, GR L-50908, 31 January 1984; En Banc, Fernando [CJ]

2. Administrative Issuances
B004 B005 B006

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B007 B008 B009 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1984/jan1984/gr_l50908_1984.html Chavez v. Romulo, GR 157036, 9 June 2004; En Banc, Sandoval-Gutierrez [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/jun2004/gr_157036_2004.html Philippine Ports Authority v. Cipres Stevedoring & Arrastre Inc., GR 145742, 14 July 2005; Second Division, Chico-Nazario [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/jul2005/gr_145742_2005.html Mirasol v. DPWH, GR 158793, 8 June 2006; En Banc, Carpio [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/jun2006/gr_158793_2006.html

3. Local laws a. Regulatory Ordinances

B010 B011 B012 B013 B014 B015 B016 B017 Ermita-Malate Hotel and Motel Operators Association Inc., vs. City Mayor of Manila, GR L-24693, 31 July 1967; En Banc, Fernando [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1967/jul1967/gr_l-24693_1967.html De La Cruz vs. Paras, GR L-42571-72, 25 July 1983; En Banc, Fernando [CJ] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1983/jul1983/gr_l_42571_72_1983.html City of Manila v. Judge Laguio, GR 118127, 12 April 2005; En Banc, Tinga [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/apr2005/gr_118127_2005.html Velasco vs. Villegas, GR L-24153, 14 February 1983; En Banc, Fernando [CJ} See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1983/feb1983/gr_l_24153_1983.html Villanueva vs. Castaeda, GR L-61311, 21 September 1987; First Division, Cruz [J] See http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1987/sep1987/gr_61311_1987.html Magtajas vs. Pryce Properties, GR 111097, 20 July 1994; En Banc, Cruz [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1994/jul1994/gr_111097_1994.html Tano v. Socrates, GR 110249, 21 August 1997; En Banc, Davide Jr. [J] See http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1997/aug1997/gr_110249_1997.html Balacuit vs. Court of First Instance of Agusan del Norte and Butuan City, GR L-38429, 30 June 1988; En Banc, Gancayco [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1988/jun1988/gr_l_38429_1988.html

1 July 2012 (35 cases)

III. Power of Eminent Domain

A. Definition and Nature 1. Power of the government 2. Power not absolute 3. Power of eminent domain as against Procedure of expropriation 4. The general power to exercise the right of eminent domain and the right to exercise eminent domain
B101 City of Manila vs. Chinese Community of Manila, GR 14355, 31 October 1919; First Division, Johnson [J]1 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1919/oct1919/gr_l-14355_1919.html

5. Power of eminent domain different from police power

B102 City Government of Quezon City vs. Ericta, GR L-34915, 24 June 1983; First Division, Gutierrez Jr. [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1983/jun1983/gr_l_34915_1983.html

6. Intermingling of police power and power of eminent domain; Determination

B103 Association of Small Landowners in the Philippines, Inc. vs. Secretary of Agrarian Reform, GR 78742, 14 July 1989; En Banc, Cruz [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/jul1989/gr_78742_1989.html

B. Limitations 1. In general a. Constitutional (1) Article III, Section 9, 1987 Constitution (2) Due Process and equal protection clauses (Article III, Section 1, 1987 Constitution) (a) Due Process [1] Specific to eminent domain [a] the government may not capriciously or arbitrarily choose what private property should be taken [b] Just compensation when private property taken for public use [2] In general (b) Equal protection clause (3) In relation to Non-impairment clause b. Not merely for public convenience c. Prohibition does not lie against expropriation
B104 Yusay vs. Court of Appeals, GR 156684, 6 April 2011; Third Division Resolution, Bersamin [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2011/apr2011/gr_156684_2011.html
1 Previously B102

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d. Eminent Domain Not Barred by Res Judicata

B105 Republic of the Philippines vs. de Knecht, GR 87335, 12 February 1990; First Division, Gancayco [J] 2 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1990/feb1990/gr_87335_1990.html

2. Local government C. Construction and Burden of proof 1. Construction 2. Burden of proof D. Stages for expropriation
B106 Municipality of Bian vs. Garcia, GR 69260, 22 December 1989; First Division, Narvasa [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/dec1989/gr_69260_1989.html xxxx Republic of the Philippines [University of the Philippines] vs. Legaspi, GR 177611, 18 April 2012; Second Division, Perez [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/apr2012/gr_177611_2012.html

E. Judicial process 1. Role of court 2. Nature of proceedings 3. Jurisdiction

B107 Barangay San Roque v. Heirs of Pastor, GR 138896, 20 June 2000 ; Third Division, Panganiban [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2000/jun2000/gr_138896_2000.html

4. Rule applicable a. Ordinary cases (Rule 67, Rules of Court) b. National Government Infrastructure Projects (RA 8974) 5. Procedure F. Authority to expropriate 1. National government 2. Local government a. In general (Local Government Code) b. Charters
B108 Philippine Columbian Association vs. Panis, GR 106528, 21 December 1993; First Division, Quiason [J]3 See http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1993/dec1993/gr_106528_1993.html

3. Others a. President/Chief Executive

B109 Visayan Refining Company vs. Camus, GR l-15870, 3 December 1919; En Banc, Street [J] 4 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1919/dec1919/gr_l-15870_1919.html

(1) American regime (a) Conferred on the Government of the Philippine Islands, Delegated to the Governor-General (b) Expropriation proceedings maintained upon the exclusive initiative of the Governor-General (2) Marcos era: President had legislative powers b. Government Owned and Controlled Corporation (1) Basis of power (samples, e.g. NHA, PEZA) (2) Proof of Authority c. Others G. Requisites, local government
B110 Moday vs. Court of Appeals, GR 107916, 20 February 1997; Second Division, Romero [J] 5 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1997/feb1997/gr_107916_1997.html B111 Municipality of Paraaque vs. VM Realty Corporation, GR 127820, 20 July 1998; First Division, Panganiban [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1998/jul1998/gr_127820_1998.html B112 Heirs of Suguitan vs. City of Mandaluyong, GR 135087, 14 March 2000; Third Division, Gonzaga-Reyes [J] 6 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2000/mar2000/gr_135087_2000.html

1. Ordinance a. Distinction between RA 7160 and BP 337 (1) Review of ordinance/resolution under then BP 337 b. Inconsistencies of IRR with the Code 2. Public purpose 3. Just compensation 4. Valid and definite offer
B113 Jesus is Lord Christian School Foundation Inc. vs. Municipality [now City] of Pasig, Metro Manila , GR 152230, 9 August 2005; Second Division, Callejo Sr. [J] 7 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/aug2005/gr_152230_2005.html
2 3 4 5 6 7 Previously B118 Previously B113 Previously B103 Previously B104 Previously B101 Previously B108

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H. Requisites, in general
B701 Manapat vs. Court of Appeals, GR 100478, 15 October 2007; Third Division, Nachura [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/oct2007/gr_110478_2007.html

1. Private property a. Whether tangible or intangible (1) Tangible: Land (a) Size of land [1] Land, not confined to landed estates
B114 JM Tuason vs. Land Tenure Administration, GR L-21064, 18 February 1970; En Banc, Fernando [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1970/feb1970/gr_21064_1970.html

[2] Urban land reform (b) Easement

B115 National Power Corporation vs. Tiangco, GR 170846, 6 February 2007; First Division, Garcia [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/feb2007/gr_170846_2007.html

(c) Soil and subsoil [1] Excavated soil not separate from land [2] Landowner's rights does not extend to sub-soil (2) Intangibles: Interconnection
B116 Republic of the Philippines vs. Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company, GR L-18841, 27 January 1969; En Banc, Reyes JBL [J] 8 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1969/jan1969/gr_l-18841_1969.html

b. Other property (1) Cemetery (2) National infrastructure projects (3) Paraphernal property
B117 City of Baguio vs. National Waterworks and Sewerage Authority, GR L-12032, 31 August 1959; En Banc, Bautista Angelo [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1959/aug1959/gr_l-12032_1959.html

(a) Determination whether property are paraphernal or public property of LGU

B118 Province of Zamboanga del Norte vs. City of Zamboanga, GR L-24440, 28 March 1968; En Banc, Bengzon JP [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1968/mar1968/gr_l-24440_1968.html

2. Genuine Necessity to take private property

B119 De Knecht vs. Bautista, GR L-51078, 30 October 1980; First Division, Fernandez [J] 9 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1980/oct1980/gr_51078_1980.html B120 Municipality of Meycauayan, Bulacan vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, GR L-72126, 29 January 1988; Third Division, Gutierrez [J] 10 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1988/jan1988/gr_72126_1988.html B121 Masikip vs. City of Pasig, GR 136349, 23 January 2006; Second Division, Sandoval-Gutierrez [J] 11 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/jan2006/gr_136349_2006.html

a. Standard of genuine necessity 3. Taking for public use

B122 Republic of the Philippines vs. Vda. de Castellvi, GR L-20620, 15 August 1974; En Banc, Zaldivar [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1974/aug1974/gr_l_20620_1974.html

a. Taking (1) Requisites (2) Deprivation of use

B123 People vs. Fajardo , GR L-12172, 29 August 1958; En Banc, Reyes JBL [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1958/aug1958/gr_l-12172_1958.html B124 National Power Corporation vs. Gutierrez, GR L-60077, 18 January 1991; Third Division, Bidin [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1991/jan1991/gr_60077_1991.html B125 Philippine Press Institute v. Commission on Elections, GR L-119694, 22 May 1995; En Banc, Feliciano [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1995/may1995/gr_l_11994_1995.html B126 U.S. v. Causby, 328 U.S. 256 (1946)

(a) Plaza view (b) Easement of right-of-way (c) Newspaper space (3) Time of taking (a) Ordinary circumstances (b) Hacienda Luisita
xxxx
8 9 10 11 Previously B109 Previously B116 Previously B117 Previously B119

Hacienda Luisita Inc. vs. Presidential Agrarian Reform Council, GR 171101, 22 November 2011; En

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Banc Resolution, Velasco Jr. [J] See http://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2011/nov2011/gr_171101_2011.html B127 Hacienda Luisita Inc. vs. Presidential Agrarian Reform Council, GR 171101, 24 April 2012; En Banc Resolution, Velasco Jr. [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/apr2012/gr_171101_2012.html

b. Public use
B128 Heirs of Ardona vs. Reyes, GR L-60549, 26 October 1983; En Banc, Gutierrez Jr. [J] 12 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1983/oct1983/gr_l_60549_1983.html B129 Sumulong vs. Guerrero, GR L-48685, 30 September 1987; En Banc, Cortez [J] 13 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1987/sep1987/gr_l_48685_1987.html B130 Province of Camarines Sur vs. Court of Appeals, GR 103125, 17 May 1993; First Division, Quiason [J]
14

See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1993/may1993/gr_103125_1993.html B131 Manosca vs. Court of Appeals, GR 106440, 29 January 1996; First Division, Vitug [J] 15 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1996/jan1996/gr_106440_1996.html B132 Estate of Jimenez vs. Philippine Export Processing Zone, GR 137285, 16 January 2001; Second Division, De Leon Jr. [J] 16 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/jan2001/gr_137285_2001.html

(1) Tourism (2) Irrigation (3) Pilot farm for non-food and non-traditional agricultural crops and a housing project for provincial government employees (4) Land reform (a) Urban land reform [1] Constitutional recognition [2] Legal history [3] Socialized housing [4] Priority under RA 7279
B133 Filstream International Incorporated vs. Court Appeals, GR 125218, 23 January 1998; Third Division, Francisco [J] 17 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1998/jan1998/gr_125218_1998.html B134 City of Mandaluyong vs. Aguilar, GR 137152, 29 January 2001; First Division, Puno [J] 18 See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/jan2001/gr_137152_2001.html B135 Lagcao vs. Labra, GR 155746, 13 October 2004; En Banc, Corona [J] 19 See http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/oct2004/gr_155746_2004.html

[a] Purpose of the requirements under RA 7279 [b] Small landowners exempted under RA 7279 [c] Partition by co-owners [d] Republic Act 7279 does not apply to expropriation cases before its enactment [e] Observation on the squatter problem (b) Agrarian land reform [1] Legal history [2] Inclusion of private landholdings in the CARP 8 July 2012 (22+ cases) 4. Just compensation
B136 Export Processing Zone Authority vs. Dulay, GR L-59603, 29 April 1987; En Banc, Gutierrez [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1987/apr1987/gr_l_59603_1987.html

a. Definition b. Deposit upon taking? c. Amount for the issuance of writ of possession (1) Ordinary cases
National Power Corporation vs. Jocson, GRs 94193-99, 25 February 1992; En Banc, Davide Jr. [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1992/feb1992/gr_94193_1992.html B137 Robern Development Corporation vs. Quitain, GR 135042, 23 September 1999; En Banc, Panganiban [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1999/sep1999/gr_135042_1999.html
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Previously B110 Previously B111 Previously B112 Previously B114 Previously B115 Previously B105 Previously B106 Previously B107

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(2) National infrastructure projects d. Full amount of "just compensation"

B138 Republic of the Philippines vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, GR 71176, May 21, 1990 ; Third Division, Fernan [CJ] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1990/may1990/gr_71176_!990.html B139 Ansaldo vs. Tantuico, GR L-50147, 3 August 1990; First Division, Narvasa [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1990/aug1990/gr_l_50147_1990.html B140 Eslaban v. De Onorio, GR 146062, 28 June 2001 ; Second Division, Mendoza [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/jun2001/gr_146062_2001.html B141 National Power Corporation v. San Pedro, GR 170945, 26 September 2006 ; First Division, Callejo Sr. [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/sep2006/gr_170945_2006.html B142 Republic of the Philippines [National Irrigation Administration] vs. Rural Bank of Kabacan Inc., GR 185124, 25 January 2012; Second Division, Sereno [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/jan2012/gr_185124_2012.html

(1) Judicial determination (a) Ordinary cases and National infrastructure projects [1] In general [a] Trial by commissioners
B143 Manila Electric Company vs. Pineda, GR L-59791, 13 February 1992; First Division, Medialdea [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1992/feb1992/gr_59791_1992.html B144 Leca Realty Corporation vs. Republic of the Philippines, GR 155605, 27 September 2006; First Division, Panganiban [CJ] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/sep2006/gr_155605_2006.html

[b] Commissioners' report

B145 National Power Corporation vs. dela Cruz, GR 156093, 2 February 2007; Second Division, Velasco Jr. [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/feb2007/gr_156093_2007.html

[2] National infrastructure projects [a] Appointment of commissioners (b) Agrarian Reform (2) Reckoning period (a) From time of taking or time of filing of complaint, whichever comes first. (b) Actual taking or time of the judgment of the court, whichever is first unconstitutional (3) Basis of amount for just compensation (a) Classification of property during time of taking
B146 National Power Corporation vs. Henson, GR 129998, 29 December 1998; Third Division, Pardo [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1998/dec1998/gr_129998_1998.html

(b) Value [1] Ordinary cases [a] Not necessarily zonal value [b] Not set by judicial notice [c] Various considerations; Market value [2] National Government Infrastructure Projects (RA 8974) (4) Estoppel, as to amount of just compensation
B147 City of Cebu vs. Dedamo, GR 142971, 7 May 2002; First Division, Davide Jr. [CJ] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2002/may2002/gr_142971_2002.html

(a) On the part of the landowner(s) (b) On the part of the government (5) Reasonable time to pay (a) Ordinary cases (b) National Government Infrastructure Projects (RA 8974) (6) Manner of payment
supra. Association of Small Landowners in the Philippines, Inc. vs. Secretary of Agrarian Reform, GR 78742, 14 July 1989; En Banc, Cruz [J] B148 Land Bank of the Philippines vs. Court of Appeals, GR 118712, 6 October 1995; Second Division, Francisco R [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1995/oct1995/gr_118712_1995.html

(a) On agrarian reform [1] Deposit in cash and LBP bonds (7) Interest
B149 National Power Corporation vs. Angas, GRs 60225-26, 8 May 1992; Second Division, Paras [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1992/may1992/gr_60225_26_1992.html B150 Land Bank of the Philippines vs. Wycoco, GR 140160, 13 January 2004; First Division, YnaresSantiago [J]

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See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/jan2004/gr_140160_2004.html

(a) In the form of indemnity for damages (6%) (b) In the form of forbearance of money due to delay (12%) 5. Due process I. Incidents to the expropriation process 1. Uncertain owner 2. Opposition by owner of expropriated property a. Form of opposition b. Appropriate action by Court as to defenses and objections 3. Validity of mortgage while expropriation pending 4. Order of expropriation, writ of execution, and writ of possession
B151 City of Manila vs. Serrano, GR 142304, 20 June 2001; Second Division, Mendoza [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/jun2001/gr_142304_2001.html B152 Republic of the Philippines vs. Gingoyon, GR 166429, 19 December 2005; En Banc, Tinga [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/dec2005/gr_166429_2005.html

a. Ordinary cases (1) Writ of execution and subsequent determination of other requirements for expropriation (2) Effect of order b. National Government Infrastructure Projects (RA 8974) (1) Full payment before issuance of writ of possession (2) Effect of order 5. Withdrawal of amounts a. Ordinary cases b. Agrarian reform 6. Appeal
B153 Marinduque Mining and Industrial Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, GR 161219, 6 October 2008; First Division, Carpio [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/oct2008/gr_161219_2008.html

a. Record of appeal b. Judicial Review 7. Claim for compensation 8. Execution a. Exception to general rule
B154 Coscuella vs. Court of Appeals, GR 77765, 15 August 1988; Third Division, Gutierrez Jr. [J] See http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1988/aug1988/gr_77765_1988.html

9. Transfer of title 10.Withdrawal by government from expropriation case

B155 National Housing Authority vs. Heirs of Guivelondo, GR 154411, 19 June 2003; First Division, YnaresSantiago [J] See http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2003/jun2003/gr_154411_2003.html

a. Dismissal of action to expropriate, when allowed b. Dismissal of action to expropriate, when not allowed (1) When landowner already prejudiced 11. Recovery
B156 Air Transportation Office vs. Gopuco, GR 158563, 30 June 2005; Second Division, Chico-Nazario [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/jun2005/gr_158563_2005.html

a. Recovery due to non-payment; Recovery of property and rentals

B157 Republic of the Philippines vs. Hidalgo, GR 161657, 4 October 2007; First Division, Garcia [J] See www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/oct2007/gr_161657_2007.html

b. When not possible (1) When order of expropriation has long become final and executory

IV.

Power of Taxation

to be continued....

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