CONTENT

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2. INTRODUCTION 3. SECTION A 4. SECTION B

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to thank god that finally, I had succeeded in finishing this project work. I would like to thank my beloved Additional Mathematic Teacher, Mrs. Lee Ai Nie for all the assistance she has provided me during my job search. I appreciate the information and advice she have given, as well as the connections she have shared with me. Her expertise and help have been invaluable during this process. Also, thanks to my mom and my dad for giving me fully support in completing this project work. I sincerely appreciate their generosity. I would like to give my special thank to my fellow friends who had given me extra information on the project work and study group that we had done. Thank you for spending time with me to discuss about the course work. Last but not least, I would like to express my highest gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this course work. I really appreciate all your helps. Again, thank you so much.

INTRODUCTION

Cylinder- A cylinder is one of the most basic curvilinear geometric

shapes, the surface formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given line segment, the axis of the cylinder. The solid enclosed by this surface and by two planes perpendicular to the axis is also called a cylinder. The surface area and the volume of a cylinder have been known since deep antiquity. In differential geometry, a cylinder is defined more broadly as any ruled surface spanned by a one-parameter family of parallel lines. A cylinder whose cross section is an ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola is called an elliptic cylinder, parabolic cylinder, or hyperbolic cylinder respectively.
Example of cylinder:

There are a lot of things are a lot of things around us related to cylinder or parts of a cylinder. Before I further my task, let us have a look how radius related the cylinder.

What is radius? In classical geometry, a radius of a circle or sphere is any line segment from its center to its perimeter. By extension, the radius of a circle or sphere is the length of any such segment, which is half the diameter. If the object does not have an obvious center, the term may refer to its circumradius, the radius of its circumscribed circle or circumscribed sphere. In either case, the radius may be more than half the diameter, which is usually defined as the maximum distance between any two points of the figure. The inradius of a geometric figure is usually the radius of the largest circle or sphere contained in it. The inner radius of a ring, tube or other hollow object is the radius of its cavity. How to calculate the volume of cylinder by using radius?
Having a right circular cylinder with a height h units and a base of radius r units with the coordinate axes chosen so that the origin is at the center of one base and the height is measured along the positive x-axis. A plane section at a distance of x units from the origin has an area of A(x) square units where

or

An element of volume, is a right cylinder of base area Awi square units and a thickness of ix units. Thus if V cubic units is the volume of the right circular cylinder, by Riemann sums,

Using cylindrical coordinates, the volume can be calculated by integration over

Section A

1) For this activity we will be comparing the volume of 2 cylinders created using the same sheet of paper. We will be determining which can hold more popcorn. To do this, we will have to find a pattern for the dimensions for containers.
Materials:

- 8.5 inch by 11 inch white paper - 8.5 inch by 11 inch colored paper - Tape - Popcorn - Plate - Cup - Ruler
a.Take the white paper and roll it up along the longest side to form a baseless cylinder that is tall and narrow. Do not overlap the sides. Tape along the edge. Measure the dimensions with a ruler. Record data below and on the cylinder. Label it Cylinder A.

11

8.5

b. Take the colored paper and roll it up along the shorter side to form a baseless cylinder that is short and stout. Do not overlap the sides. Tape along the edge. Measure the height and diameter with a ruler. Record data below and on the cylinder. Label it Cylinder B.

8.5

11

DIMENSION HEIGHT (in.) DIAMETER (in.) RADIUS (in.)

CYLINDER A [11 in] [~2.7 in] [~1.4 in]

CYLINDER B [8.5 in] [~3.5 in] [~1.8 in]

2. Do you think the two cylinders will hold the same amount? Do you think one will hold more than the other? Which one? Why? Two cylinder will hold the different amount. Cylinder B will hold more than the cylinder A. This is because the radius of cylinder B is longer and this make the volume is bigger than cylinder A. Although the height of cylinder B is shorter than cylinder , but this does not affect much compare the affect of different in radius.

3. Place Cylinder B on the paper plate with Cylinder A inside it. Use your cup to pour popcorn into Cylinder A until it is full. Carefully, lift Cylinder A so that the popcorn falls into Cylinder B. Describe what happened. Is Cylinder B full, not full, or overflowing? Cylinder B is not full. There is still room in the cylinder for more popcorn. 4. a) Was your prediction correct? How do you know? Yes. Because the total volume of cylinder B is bigger than cylinder A.

b) If your prediction was incorrect, describe what actually happened. Cylinder B has a greater volume than Cylinder A. 5. a) State the formula for finding the volume of a cylinder.

b)Calculate the volume of Cylinder A? Label the dimensions in the figure.

c)Calculate the volume of Cylinder B? Label the dimensions in the figure.

d)Explain why the cylinders do or do not hold the same amount. Use the formula for the volume of a cylinder to guide your explanation. The cylinders have different radius and heights, so the volumes are different. 6. Which measurement impacts the volume more: the radius or the height? Work through the example below to help you answer the question. Assume that you have a cylinder with a radius of 3 inches and a height of 10 inches. Increase the radius by 1 inch and determine the new volume. Then using the original radius, increase the height by 1 inch and determine the new volume. CYLINDER ORIGINAL INCREASED RADIUS INCREASED HEIGHT RADIUS 3 in [4 in] [3 in] HEIGHT 10 in [10 in] [11 in] VOLUME [~282.7 in3] [~502.7 in3] [~311.0 in3]

Which increased dimension had a larger impact on the volume of the cylinder? Why do you think this is true? Increasing the radius increased the volume more than increasing the height. This is because the radius is squared to find the volume, which increases its impact on the volume.

Section B