Bohrer, JPGN, 2010 Aluminum Loading in Preterm Neonates Revisited Samples type: Blood, Urine Al measurement was carried

out in an Analytik Jena AG (Jena, Germany) ZEEnit 600 atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with an MPE 60z autosampler and transversal Zeemaneffect background correction system.The 309.3-nm resonance line was used To avoid contamination, all of the laboratory ware was plastic and was immersed for at least 48 hours in 10% HNO3 in an ethanol (v/v) mixture and washed with Milli-Q purified water shortly before use (18). To avoid air contamination, all of the steps in the sample preparation were carried out in a class 100 clean bench.

Chappuies, Clinica Chimica Acta, 1992 A sequential and simple determination of zinc, copper and aluminium in blood samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry Samples type: Blood 396.152 nm For Al measurements by ICP, high levels of calcium, especially in blood samples have to be corrected for background level. For this purpose, Mauras and Allain [131 diluted tenfold the serum with cesium and gallium chloride. However, using this procedure with our instrument, we were unable to achieve the sensibilities observed by these authors and decided thus to use a 1/5 dilution ratio. In flame spectrometry, alkaline ions are often used to compensate for variations in interferent concentration, mainly because their low ionization potential leads to an increase of the electron density. Although this mechanism does not seem to apply to ICP spectrometry [14], it is well known that electrophilic elements may enhance the Al line intensity and the background (self-ionization) at 396.152 nm. We therefore tested the influence of different concentrations of potassium chloride which is much less expensive than cesium chloride. We found that a 100 g/l potassium chloride solution achieved the best signal/noise ratio. In our experimental conditions, compared to those of Allain et al. [15], the net signal (background measured on one side of the analyte line subtracted from the maximum intensity of the analyte line) is about 2.5times more elevated with KC1 than with CsCl (Fig. 2).

Kim, Oral Diseases, 2010 Effects of smoking on trace metal levels in saliva Samples type: Saliva For accurate sample collection and analysis, cleansed low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bottles were used.

To determine the level of blood contamination and salivary cotinine concentration, saliva samples were centrifuged immediately at 4000 g for 15 min. Supernatants of each sample was sub-sampled into two aliquots of 100 ll, and these aliquots were stored at )70_C until use. Seventy percentage of supra-puric nitric acid was added to the rest of the sample (0.05 ml of nitric acid per 1 ml of saliva sample). These samples were then stored at -20C until ICP-MS analysis. Pretreatments for ICP-MS analysis To determine the pretreatment method that yielded the most accurate ICP-MS results, we compared three pretreatment methods: microwave-assisted acid digestion, direct dilution with nitric acid, and direct dilution with distilled water. A total number of 11 elements (Mg, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Tl, and Pb) in the saliva sample were monitored simultaneously for the comparison. Saliva samples of five subjects (10 ml per person) were pooled to obtain a 50 ml sample. After centrifugation at 4000 g for 15 min, the pooled saliva was sub-sampled. For the microwave-assisted acid digestion, the 3 ml aliquots were diluted with 4 ml of 70% supra-puric nitric acid and 4 ml of tertiary distilled water. Then, they were acid-digested in a microwave for 20 min (180_C, 200 psi). After this, the aliquots were diluted 16.7-fold with tertiary distilled water. To test the accuracy of this method, two more aliquots of 3 ml were spiked with known metal quantities (6.7 and 13.8 lg l)1). For samples that were diluted directly with nitric acid, 1 ml aliquots were diluted 10-fold with 1% supra-puric nitric acid. Two more aliquots of 1 ml were spiked with known metal quantities (5 and 10 lg l)1). In the case of direct dilution with distilled water, the same procedures used for direct dilution with nitric acid were performed with tertiary distilled water. To evaluate the daily variation in trace metal levels in saliva or to compare the levels of trace metals in saliva between non-smokers and smokers, samples were diluted directly with nitric acid, as this was determined to be the pretreatment method that yielded the most accurate ICP-MS results. All experiments were performed in duplicate.