1.

1 COMPANY PROFILE
STAN PACKS (INDIA) LIMITED is a member of BLISS GROUP of companies, a highly successful and diverse multi-product, multi-Unit manufacturing, trading and finance organization. The Bliss Group was Promoted by Sri G.Ramalingaiah in the year 1966. The company had extended into collaboration agreement with M/s Bagfilla Overseas Limited of U.K in 1992 for supply of technical knowledge, Manufacturing Specification and assembling instruction for continuous basis of manufacturing of filling discharging machineries. The company also engaged in the manufacturing of PP/HDFE bags(Ploy Propuline / High Density Poly Ethelene Bags) by their own services. The company is manufacturing various types of paper based, PP/HDPE paper based and Hessian based Packaging Products like water-Proof, Wax coated Paper, Laminated Hessian Rolls, Poly Coated Paper, jute bags sandwich bags etc., The management team consists of chairman Shri.G.Sudhakar, Managing Director Shri.Dr.G.V.Chalapathi joint Managing Director Shri.G.Radhakrishnan and other Director are G.P.N Gupta, Shri.G.Muralidhar. In south India the Bliss Group has three manufacturing units at Bangalore, Nellure and Chennai in the Name of STAN PACKS (INDIA) LIMITED. The Chennai unit of STAN PACKS (INDIA) LIMITED was established in the year 1997 and is situated in Sholipalayam Village, Sholavaram, Thiruvallur District. This factory is about 25 Kms from Chennai and is 1.5 Kms from the Chennai Calcutta high way the head office of the Company functions at No.46, Halls Road, Kilpauk, Chennai-10. The layout f the factory is good and spacious and the environment around the factory is pleasant with a lot of greenery. Being lacoted near to Chennai. The factory would enjoy locational advantage for Procurement of Raw material availability of amn Power and transport of finished good.

36

1.2 PRODUCT PROFILE

WOVEN SACKS :PP/HDPE granules are fed into the extruder and it comes out in the from of tape of varying strength normally ranging from 700 denier to 2000 denier. This is then put into the looms which weaves them into fabric of desired mesh. The woven fabric is then cut and Stitched to desired lengths. Printing is done wherever necessary. The bags are then packed into lots of 100 numbers before dispatched to customers.

WATER PROOF PAPER :Two layer of paper are bounded with the help of PP by coating Process. Normally these are in the form of rolls of 50 meters or 100 meters each. They are also out into sheets depends upon the customer requirements and Packed in the lots of 100 numbers. Printing is also done wherever necessary.

WAX PAPER :The paper is dipped into molten wax to give a wax coating and wound into rolls and it is subsequently cut in the form of sheets. HESSIAN LAMINATED ROLLS :The following are broadly classified into the various types of Hessian Laminated Rolls. Bitumenised Paper Laminated Hessian Rolls. Bitumenised Poly Laminated Hessian Rolls. Bitumenised Paper Poly Laminated Hessian Rolls.

37

Hessian is laminated to paper or polythene with the help of bitumen as adhesive by roller coating. It is supplied in the form or rolls of various length such as 50 meters,90 meters 100 meters depending upon the customer requirement.

POLY COATED PAPER:Paper of various grammage (usually Kraft Paper) is laminated on the lamination machine with PP coated grade by process PP forms a layer on a paper and the thickness can be varied from 25 microns to 30 microns depending upon the material and the users requirements. SANDWICHED BAGS:PP/HDPE fabric is laminated by extrusion process with the help of PP granules to sack kraft paper. These are then cut into required sized and then cut into required sizes and then stitched with PP yarn. The bags may also be sealed at the side instead of stitching by using a tubing machine and stitching at the bottom. The manufacturing process is labour intensive and involves lamination, cutting, stitching, pasting etc, depends upon the specification of the customers. The products are customers specific.

TARPAULINS:PP/HDPE fabric is laminated on both the sides by extrusion process with the help of LDPE/PP (Low Density Poly Ethelene/Poly Propuline) coating grade granules and if required. Color is added depending on the end users requirements. Various size of bags are made as per the customers needs.

QUALITY CONTROL:The quality assurance system of the company are designed to confirm to ISO 9001 standards for manufacturing and services to oversee various functional areas and generate feedback on negative aspects and trends. Internal auditing of quality system and regular

38

management review ensure effectiveness. All of these things lead to enhanced reduction efficiency and customer satisfaction. Every batch of raw material is inspected and certified before usage by strict quality assurance procedures. All designs of products are tested and proved by design validation tests, including types testing as per relevant standard specifications. The workmanship of the final products is tested and approved through regular routine and batch test.

ADDITIONAL BENEFITS:To Boost the morale of employees in the company some gifts are given to them on the eve of their Birthday, Marriage days and the Birthday of their children every year. They are very much gratified with these extra benefits.

COMMUNICATION MEETING:As a part of company management activities company meeting tasks place on first week of every month. In the communication meeting, best employee is awarded from each department.

TRADE UNION;The employees view regarding the activities of the Trade Union in STAN PACKS (INDIA) LIMITED is that they are benefited a lot by it. The presence of more than one union in a concern may often lead to contradicting views leading to conflicts among themselves. But in STAN PACKS(INDIA)LIMITED there is just a single trade union which rules out the possibility of difference of opinion among the workers and which helps in their demand being met very quickly and smoothly. The trade union prevailing in this company is STAN PACKS (INDIA) WORKERS UNION. The relationship of the trade union with the management has always been very cordial and the Co-Operation among employees themselves in evident from the smooth functioning of the trade union. Another feature which the employees feel happy with the management is that they are given representation in deciding matters and setting disputes.

39

This democratic attitude adopted by the company makes then feel happy and increasing importance in the running of the company and enthusiasm in their work.

CUSTOMERS:The company caters in supplying the packing material, throughout India also to abroad. Generally this kind of woven sack industry will supply to cement to cement and fertilizer industries, whereas STACK PACKS(INDIA) LIMITED is concentrating on other fields except cement and fertilizer. They are supplying to industries like chemicals food grain items(for example milk powder) and agricultural products. Their main customers are namely chemplastic (India) Limited, GrowBest(India) Limited, Erodedairy, T.I.Cycles of India Sundaram Fastness (TVS Group) Bal Building Adhesives (India) PrivateLimited, Food World, Vallavhdas Kannji Limited , Heritage Food (India ) Limited , Midas Rubber Private Limited ,Jindal Aluminium Limited , CP Aqua Culture (India) private Limited , Bayers Sanmar Limited , breaks India Limited. At present the company has developed into manufacturing Packing Bags fr agricultural Products like Onion, Pottato, Garlie, Chillis etc., The product is named a A Gronit it is expected that in future Agro market will have a very good potential of sales.

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ORGANIZATION CHART (Factory Level)

MANAGING DIRECTOR

Vice-President General Manager S.R Manager Production Dy.Manager Maintenance S.R.Accountant J.R.Executive Personnel Executive Stores Assistant Programmer

Accountant
Asst. Manager Shift Incharge Asst. Manager Loom supervisor Paper Quality Control Supervisor Account Assistant

Assistant Personal
Purchase Assistant Security Stores Assistant

41

Supervisor F/W

Supervisor

2.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

This study is to suggest ways and means to reduce the organizational Stress and thereby to increase the performance and productivity of the employees. To understand the real situation of the worker in the environment and to suggest the ways to get rid the Stress from the work place. To collect the different mind set of workers and their problems and their expecting solutions which revels the Stress? To study and provide better working condition so as to feel comfortable in the working environment which will be useful to the company and the workers.

42

2.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

1. To find out the major stressors of employees in STAN PACKS (INDIA) LTD.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE:
1. To examine whether the factors which are causing Stress towards the employees in the manufacturing unit. 2. To examine how the workers are undergoing Stress due to Subordinates and Superiors. 3. To examine the mental stability of the workers during the Stress. 4. To find out the remedial measures which reduces the Stress among the workers?

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2.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1. The study gives a clear picture about the various stress related issues at Stan packs (India) Ltd. 2. The study shows the various stressors that are affecting workers. 3. The study is more informative about the attitude of the workers towards various Stress related issues. 4. This study is useful to find the relationship between superiors and subordinates in relation to stress. 5. This study is also useful to the top management to maintain moderate stress at work place and to conduct necessary training programs on stress management. 6. To suggest ways and methods to reduce and increase the performance and Productivity.

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2.4 LIMITATIONS

1. This study is limited only to the workers / laborers in the organization and can not B e implemented to any other organization. 2. The workers are scared to give their suggestions about their stress level. 3. Due to lack of time, respondents may have carelessly marked the questionnaire in inaccuracy of data. 4. Biased answers from the respondents, because of fear of management. 5. The interpretation differs from the respondents to respondents.

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2.5 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Stress is a part of day to day living of every individual. The college students may experience stress in meeting their academic demands, people on the job, business men may suffer stress to reach office in time and to complete projects on time and even the household ladies may suffer stress in managing the house and to look for the maiden servant. The reasons for stress differ from person to person due to the situation and various reasons. The stress people should not be treated as harmful. An optimum amount of stress can always act as an energizer or motivator and proper people to apply the efforts to complete the work. But a high level of stress can be a serious threat to the personality traits of the individual and can cause physiological and social problems. We generally believe that the stress is caused by the external events and the dynamics of the environment. But we need to emphasize the fact that the stress is caused by our own reactions to the external environment. The manner in which we perceive and understand the changes or the particular event creates same can bring happiness and cause stress in two different people depending upon how they react to it. We can define stress as bodys non-specific response to any demand made on it. Stress in not by definition synonymous with nervous tension or anxiety. On one side Stress

46

provides the means to express talents and energies and pursue happiness on the other side it can also cause exhaustion and illness, either physically or psychologically.

Symptoms of Stress:
As stated earlier stress is caused by or reaction to the external events and bring about changes in our response and our general behavior the presence of stress can be estimated by the analysis of certain symptoms an individual shows. These symptoms can be divided in to three categories. They are feelings, behavior , physiology.

Feelings:
The individual becomes anxious about the out comes and is scared. The person feels that he has got something to loose or something wrong will take place. In an anxious state the person does not want to be correct or interrupted. He looks out for other areas where he can forget about the stress causing events for a while. The person becomes irritable and moody. During high level stress the individual develops a negative a negative frame of mind and suffer from low self esteem. The person loose faith in his capabilities and is afraid of the failures. The individual does not have a focused approach and is not able to concentrate and in involved in his own plans and thoughts.

Causes of Stress
Both positive and negative events in ones life can be stressful. However, major life changes are the greatest contributors of stress for the most people. 1. If the people have to travel a lot and have to move from place to place, it can cause

47

Stress. 2. Individuals can also be under stress if they are about to enter some new environment. They may be going to join a new Organization. 3. Some events, which are generally once in a life time can also cause stress. There are some major events which undergo stress. They are: Time pressure Competition Financial Problems Noise Disappointments

Stress impact:
Stress impact is a research study of long-term absence (LTA) from work due to stress related health problems. The project will address the following: 1. What characteristics, if any, are shared by the people who are long term absent from the work for stress related reasons? 2. What factors do people say are important to them in making a decision to take sickness absence? 3. To what extent does a persons family set-up influence the decision to take sickness absence or to stay at work? 4. What is the individual perspective, the institutional and professional perspective to LTA, and how they relate to each other?

48

Ten factors which are the most important contributors to the employees Stress.
Employees are not being free to talk with another. Personal conflicts on the job. Employees not being given enough control over their work. Inadequate staffing or budgeting. Management and the employees not talking openly. Management perceived as being unsupportive. Below-average sick and vacation benefits. Having to deal with bureaucratic red tape. Lack of recognition or reward for doing a good job.

Down shifting:
When we are in a negative emotional state, such as feeling nervous, angry, depressed out in any way, our brain works less effectively. This process is called is called Down -Shifting. This plays a very important role in how stress affects employee performance and vulnerability to accidents and injuries, its important to understand how it gets acted out in the work place.

Intellectual Downshifting:
When we downshift intellectually, our thinking becomes less creative, our problemsolving ability diminishes, and our overall ability to process information deteriorates. One symptom of intellectual down shifting is the deer in the headlights look people get when they experience information overload. In this overloaded state, their ability to think literally shuts down.

Psychological downshifting:

49

Not only does a persons emotional state affect their intellectual functioning , it also affects their seen adults have temper tantrums or behave in childish ways when they were stressed out. Other examples of psychological downshifting are throwing or slamming things around, becoming defensive, acting rebelliously, and interacting with people in childish was such as mocking, mimicking and pouting. Sometimes a whole workforce can be psychologically downshifted if the organization has a negative emotional climate of fear or resentment . one of the most common causes of such a situation is managers who are disrespectful and/or over controlling. When they act this way, their workers tend to act more likely to have accidents and injuries because, being in an adolescent mind-set, they are less likely to listen to safety precautions. They are also more likely to do just the opposite of what they are told, to prove that no one can tell them what to do, just like teenagers do. When we downshift behaviorally, we become rigid and flexible in our responses to problems and challenges.

When people downshift they are more likely to become: Fearful of, and resistant to change. Over reactive to minor hassles, inconveniences and frustrations. Immature. Aggressive. Defensive and Paranoid. Territorial. Distrustful of anybody who is different from themselves-seeing the world in an us versus them way. Control Freaks. Power Hungry. Simplistic in their thinking.

The Sources of Stress:

Supervisor/Employee Relationship Issues

50

 Lack of recognition. Lack of appreciation. Little or no performance feedback. Unclear job expectations. Job monitoring done in a negative, punitive way. Bossy, controlling , or demeaning management style. Micro-managing. Interactions focused primarily on what employees do. Lack of professional respect. Physical and Logical Issues Unpleasant or unhealthy environment, such as excessive heat, or noise; poor Ventilation; cluttered space; poor lighting etc. Potentially dangerous work conditions or job responsibilities. Ergonomically unsound workstations Shift work Rotating shifts Mandatory overtime Inflexible work schedule Compensation Issues Inadequate pay Inadequate benefits Organizational Issues Rapid change New technology Downsizing, mergers and acquisitions and reorganizations Job uncertainty Excessive paper work and other bureaucratic red tape

51

 Employees working in teams, with out getting adequate training in communication and conflict resolution skills Requiring employees to follow ineffective or illogical rules and procedures. Personal Issues Financial problems Martial and family problems Mental health issues Substance-abuse problems Child-care or elder-care challenges Stage of life crises issues Legal problems

3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research methodology adopted for the present study has been systematic and was done in accordance to the objectives set, which has been discussed in the earlier pages.

NATURE OF RESEARCH

52

RESEARCH IS BASICALLY OF TWO TYPES

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH: It seeks to discover new relationships. They are drawn from ideas developed in the previous research studies and based on it theories have been formed. CONCLUSIVE RESEARCH: It helps executives to choose among the various courses of action. Conclusive research design was adopted which was descriptive in nature.A descriptive study attempts to obtain a complete and accurate description of a situation. Description method was adopted to study the consumer behavior of various brands of dairy industry. SOURCE OF DATA: Data refers to information or facts. The two main sources of data for the present study have been primary data and the secondary data. PRIMARY DATA: Primary data consist of original information collected for specific purpose. This project relied on the response of the customers. SECONDARY DATA: Secondary data consists of information that already exists somewhere having been collected for some other purpose. The secondary data is obtained from the company data base.

53

SAMPLING PLAN: POPULATION: Population or universe can be defined as the complete set of items, which are of interest in any particular situation in case of population data is collected from each and every unit. SAMPLING UNIT: This answers who is to be surveyed. The researcher must define target population that will be sampled; once this is determined a sampling frame is developed so that everyone in the target population has an equal chance of being selected. SAMPLE: Sample denotes the entire part of the universe, which studied and conclusion are drawn on this basis for the entire universe. SAMPLE SIZE: An important decision that has to be taken is adopting the sampling technique is about the size of the sample. Size of the sample means the number of sampling units selected from the population for investigation. It answers how many people should be surveyed. Here the total population is the sample size. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: Simple random sampling is used as the samples selected for this purpose are given an equal chance of being include in the sample and are selected for a specific purpose with a goal to determine the Stress level. DATA COLLECTION PROCEADURE: Primary data was collected using the questionnaire. A survey was done with the researcher meeting the respondents in their respective places. The respondents reference to each question was carefully noted in the questionnaire. Their perceptions and suggestions were carefully observed and registered. TOOLS USED FOR DATA COLLECTION The main tool used for the purpose of study has been a well-constructed questionnaire. Questionnaire is short & simple, personal and intimate questions are showed at the end.

54

The forms of question contained in the questionnaire are as follows: Dichotomous form i.e., yes or no answers. Multiple choice questions i.e., alternative answers presented. Open ended i.e., inviting free response. Ranking based questions. TOOLS USED FOR DATA ANALYSIS Analysis techniques are used to obtain finding and arrange information in a logical sequence from the raw data collected. After the tabulation of data the tools provide a scientific and mathematical solution to a complex problem. 1) CHART Bar charts and pie charts are used for analysis to get a clear idea about the tabulated data. 2) PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS Percentage analysis shows the entire population in terms of percentages. It reveals the number of belonging is a particular category or the number of people preferring a particular thing, etc., in terms of percentage. In this study, the number of people who responded in a particulars manner is interpreted in the form of percentages. Each table has been calculated on the basis of percentage. No of respondents Percentage = ------------------------------ X 100 Total respondents 3) WEIGHTED AVERAGE METHOD In the case of data involving rating scale & ranking, the weighted average ranking method used. In this method, the net scores for each attributes are calculated and analysis can be done as the basic of the net score in percentage obtained the formula is given. Weighted for column X no of respondents Net Score = --------------------------------------------------------Total weight

55

4) CHI SQUARE TEST ANALYSIS The chi-square test a fairly, simple and definitely the most popular of all the other tools, the chi-square test is most widely used non-parametric tests in statistical work. It makes no assumption about being sampled. The quantity chi-square describes the magnitude of discrepancy between theory and observation. (0i Ei) Chi square test = -----------------Ei 0i = observed frequency Ei = Expected frequency 5) ANOVA ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE It is a statistical technique specially designed to test whether the means of more than two quantitative populations are equal. It consists of classifying and cross classifying statistical result and testing whether the means of a specified classification differ significantly. The analysis of variance is studied by: a) One way classification b) Two way classification This study includes two way classifications ANOVA.

TWO -WAY CLASSIFICATION ANOVA When it is believed that, two independent factors might have an effect on the response variable of interest; it is possible to design the test so that an analysis of variance can be used to test for the effects of the two factors simultaneously. Such a test is called a two factor analysis of variance. In this the data are classified according to two different criteria or factors.

56

6) CORRELATION: The concept of correlation which is one of the methods of studying the relationship between variables. Two variables may have a positive correlation, a negative correlation or they may be uncorrelated. The correlation between two variables is called as simple correlation. The correlation in the case of more than two variables called multiple correlation.

r=

2 ( )

( )( )
2

2 ( )

57

Table 3.2.1
Table:1 Table showing the Age group of respondents. Responses No. Of Respondents Percentage below 25 18 18% 26 to 30 42 42% 31 to 35 24 24% above 35 16 16% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006)

Findings: From the above table it was found that 42% of the respondents belong to the age group of 26 to 30, 24% of the respondents belong to the age group of 31 to 35, 18% of the respondents belong to the age group below 25, 16% of the respondents belong to the age group of above35.

Inference:
It can be inferred that nearly half respondents belong to the age group of 26-30 years.

58

Chart 3.2.1
Chart showing the Age group of respondents

45 40 35 30 NO OF 25 RESPOND 20 ENTS 15 10 5 0

below 25 26 to 30 31 to 35

above 35

AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS

59

Table 3.2.2
Table: 2 Table showing the Wages of respondents.

Responses No. Of Respondents Percentage below 1500 0 0% 1501 to 2000 3 3% 2001 to 2500 11 11% above 2500 86 86% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006)

Findings: From the above table it was found that 86% of the respondents are above 2500 and 11% of the respondents between 2001 to 2500, 3% of the respondents are between 1501 to 2000 Inference: It can be inferred that 86% of the workers get wages more than 2500.

Chart 3.2.2

60

Chart showing the Wages of respondents.

WAGES EARNED

above 2500 2001 to 2500 1501 to 2000 below 1500 0 20 40 60 80 100

NO OF RESPONDENTS

Table 3.2.3

61

Table: 3 Table showing Sex of the respondents Responses male female Total No. Of Respondents 99 1 100 Percentage 99% 1% 100%

Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006) Findings: From the above table it was found that 99% of the respondents are male and 1% of the respondents are female.

Inference:
It can be inferred that 99% of them are male workers.

Chart 3.2.3
Chart showing Sex of the respondents

62

100 80 NO OF 60 RESPOND 40 ENTS 20 0 male SEX female

Table 3.2.4
Table: 4 Table showing the Martial Status of the respondents

63

Responses No. Of Respondents Percentage married 64 64% unmarried 36 36% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006) Findings: From the above table it was found that 64% of the respondents are married and 36% of the respondents are unmarried.

Inference:
It can be inferred that 64% of them got married..

Chart 3.2.4
Chart showing the Martial Status of the respondents

80 60 NO OF RESPOND 40 ENTS 20 0 married unmarried

MARTIAL STATUS

Table 3.2.5
Table: 5 Table showing the Literacy level of the respondents

Responses primary upper primary

No. Of Respondents 18 58

Percentage 18% 58%

64

higher 13 13% technical & others 11 11% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006)

Findings: From the above table it was found that 58% of the respondents are under upper primary,18% of the respondents are under primary, 13% of the respondents are under higher and 11% of the respondents under technical and others. Inference: It can be inferred that 58% of them studied till upper primary.

Chart 3.2.5
Chart showing the Literacy level of the respondents

65

60 50 NO OF 40 RESPONDE 30 20 NTS 10 0 primary higher

LIRERACY LEVEL

Table 3.2.6
Table: 6 Table showing the no. of responds are aware of Stress and its Impact Responses yes No. Of Respondents 63 Percentage 63%

66

No 37 37% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006) Findings: From the above table it was found that 63% of the respondents said yes and the remaining 37% of them said no. Inference: It can be inferred that 63% of the workers are aware of stress.

Applying interval estimation:

n = sample size = 100, q= NumberOfNo 37 = = 0.37 , SampleSize 100 p= NumberOfYes 63 = = 0.63 , SampleSize 100 at 95% confidence level

= 1.96
2

Standard error =

pq = n

( 0.63)( 0.37 )
100

= 0.048

Interval estimation = [ p ( StdError )

2

]=[

0.63 1.96( 0.048 )

] = [ 0.72;0.54]

Conclusion:
Therefore we conclude that the favorable event lies between (0.72 ; 0.54) at 95% confidence level and population proportion lies between 72% and 54%.

Table 3.2.7
Table: 7 Table showing whether the respondents faced any difficulties Particulars always frequently rarely No. Of Respondents 2 2 31 Percentage 2% 2% 31%

67

never 65 65% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006) Findings: From the above table it was found that 65% of the respondents responded, 31% of the respondents said rarely and 2% of the respondents said always and frequently. Inference: It can be inferred that 65% of them said they never faced difficulties.

Chart 3.2.7
Chart showing whether the respondents faced any difficulties

never DIFFICULTY rarely frequently always 0 20 40 60 80

NO OF REPONDENTS

Table 3.2.8
Table: 8. Table showing what type of Stress the respondents undergone types of stress

Particulars personal stress psychological stress organizational stress

No. Of Respondents 38 0 3

Percentage 38% 0% 3%

68

physical stress 59 59% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006)

Findings: From the above table it was found that 59% of the respondents undergone physical stress,38% of the respondents have undergone personal stress and 3% of the respondents have undergone organizational stress.

Inference:
It can be inferred that 59% of the respondents have undergone physical Stress.

Applying two-way ANOVA for 1st and 3rd tables:

H0: Martial Status will effect the type of Stress Let us take martial status as xi and stress suffered by the respondents as y i . Denote married by x1 , unmarried by x 2 . Denote Personal Stress by y1 , Organizational Stress by y 2 and Personal Stress by y 3 . xi yi y1 29 9 x1 x2

y
38

69

x
Square the values, xi2 y i2 y12 y y
2 2 2 3

y2 y3

3 32 27
i

3 59 100

64 36

x12 841 9

2 x2

y
9

2 i

81 -

922 1753 2684

1024 729
2 i

x
Correction factor,

1874 810

Total 2 100 2 CF = = = 1666.66 n 6 Total sum of squares,

2 2 2 TSS = x1 + x 2 + x3 CF

TSS = 1874 + 810 1666 .66 TSS = 1017 .34

Sum of squares of row, SSC = SSC =

( x )
1

n1

( x )
2

n2

CF

64 2 36 2 + 1666.66 3 3

SSC = 130.64 Sum of squares of column, SSR = SSR =

( y )
1

n1

( y )
2

n2

( y )
3

n3

CF

38 2 3 2 59 2 + + 1666 .66 2 2 2

70

SSR= 800.34 Sum of squares within sample, SSE = TSS SSC SSR SSE = 1017.34 130.64 800.34 SSE = 86.36 ANOVA TABLE, Sources of Sum of variation squares Between 130.64 Column Between 800.34 Row Error 86.36 Degree of freedom (2-1) = 1 (3-1) = 2 (1*2) = 2

MSS 130.64 400.17 43.18

Variance test MSC 130.64 Fc = = = 3.025 MSE 43.18 with (1,2) degree of freedom MSR 400.17 Fr = = = 9.267 MSE 43.18 with (2,2) degree of freedom

Fc = 3.025 ; F0.05 with (1,2) degree of freedom is 18.51, Fc < F0.05, therefore we accept H0 and Fr = 9.267 ; F0.05 with (2,2) degree of freedom is 19.00, Fr < F0.05, therefore we accept H0.

Conclusion:
Therefore we conclude that martial status will effect the type of stress.

71

Table 3.2.9
Table: 9.Table showing the respondents faced physical stress Particulars No. Of Respondents Percentage Yes 59 59% No 41 41% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006)

72

Findings: From the above table it was found that 59% of the respondents are said yes and 41% of the respondents said no.

Inference:
It can be inferred that 59% of the respondents have faced physical stress.

Applying interval estimation:

n = sample size = 100, q= NumberOfNo 41 = = 0.41 , SampleSize 100 pq = n p= NumberOfYes 59 = = 0.59 , SampleSize 100 at 95% confidence level

= 1.96
2

Standard error =

( 0.59 )( 0.41)
100

= 0.049

Interval estimation = [ p ( StdError )

2

] =[

0.59 1.96( 0.049 )

] = [ 0.69;0.49]

Conclusion:
Therefore we conclude that the favorable event lies between (0.69 ; 0.49) at 95% confidence level and population proportion lies between 69% and 49%.

Table 3.2.9.1
Table: 9.1 Table showing the respondents in which category they fall Particulars unpleasant & unhealthy environment potentially dangerous working condition shift work mandatory over time inflexible work schedule No. Of Respondents 2 0 17 37 3 Percentage 3.38% 0 28.81% 62.71% 5.08%

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Total 59 Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006)

100%

Findings: From the above table it was found that 37% the respondents said they suffer stress due to mandatory over time, 17% said due to shift work, 3% said due to inflexible work schedule, 2% due to unpleasant & unhealthy environment.

Inference:
It can be inferred that 37% of the respondents have undergone stress due to mandatory over time.

Chart 3.2.9.1
Chart showing the respondents in which category they fall

74

NO OF RESPONDENTS 100 90 50 40 30 20 80 70 60 10 0 unpleasant & unhealthy environment potentially dangerous working condition

Table 3.2.10

PHYSICAL STRESS

Table: 10.Table showing respondents who undergone organizational stress

75

shift work

mandatory over time

inflexible work schedule

Particulars No. Of Respondents Percentage Yes 3 3 No 97 97% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006)

Findings: From the above table it was found that 97%of the respondents are not undergone organizational stress and only 3% of them undergone this stress..

Inference:
It can be inferred that 97% of the respondents havent undergone organizational stress.

Chart 3.2.10

Chart showing respondents who undergone organizational stress

76

100 NO OF RESPONDEN 50 0 No Yes ORGANIZATIONA L STRESS S1

Table 3.2.10.1

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Table: 10.1 Table showing in which category of organizational stress the respondents fall

Particulars No. Of Respondents Rapid change 0 New technology 1 Job uncertainty 0 Employers working in teams with out any training 0 Requiring employees to follow ineffective rules 2 Total 3 Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006)

Percentage 0% 33.33% 0% 0% 66.66% 100%

Findings: It is found that 66.66% of the respondents said that they have undergone requiring employees to follow ineffective rules and 33.33% said that they undergone new technology.

Inference:
It can be inferred that 66.66% of the respondents have that they have to follow ineffective rules.

Chart 3.2.10.1

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Chart showing in which category of organizational stress the respondents fall

ORGANIZATION AL STRESS

Requiring employees to follow ineffective rules Job uncertainty Rapid change 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

NO OF RESPONDENTS

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Table 3.2.11
Table: 11 Table showing whether the respondents have undergone personal stress

Particulars No. Of Respondents Percentage Yes 38 38% No 62 62% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006)

Findings: From the above table it was found that 62% of the respondents have not undergone personal stress and 38% of them undergone personal stress.

Inference:
It can be inferred that 62% of the respondents havent undergone personal stress.

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Applying interval estimation:

n = sample size = 100, q= NumberOfNo 62 = = 0.62 , SampleSize 100 pq = n p= NumberOfYes 38 = = 0.38 , SampleSize 100 at 95% confidence level

= 1.96
2

Standard error =

( 0.38)( 0.62 )
100

= 0.049

Interval estimation = [ p ( StdError )

2

]=[

0.38 1.96( 0.049 )

] = [ 0.48;0.28]

Conclusion:
Therefore we conclude that the favorable event lies between (0.48 ; 0.28) at 95% confidence level and population proportion lies between 48% and 28%.

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Table 3.2.11.1
Table: 11.1 Table showing in which category of personal stress the respondents fall Particulars No. Of Respondents Percentage Financial problems 30 78.94% Martial & family problems 8 21.05% Mental health issues 0 0% Children & elder care 0 0% Legal problems 0 0% Total 38 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006)

Findings: From the above table it was found that 78.94% of the respondents said financial problems, 21.05% of them fall under martial & family problems.

Inference:
It can be inferred that 78.94% of respondents are facing financial problems.

Chart 3.2.11.1
Chart showing in which category of personal stress the respondents fall

PERSO NAL STRESS

Legal problems Children & elder care Mental health issues Martial & family problems Financial problems 0% 20 40 60 80 100 NO % RESPONDENTS OF % % % %

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Table 3.2.12
Table:12. Table showing the respondents who have undergone psychological stress

Particulars No. Of Respondents Percentage Yes 0 0% No 100 100% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006)

Findings: From the above table it was found that none of the respondents have undergone psychological stress

Inference:
It can be inferred that none of them have undergone psychological stress.

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Chart 3.2.12
Chart showing the respondents who have undergone psychological stress

NO OF RESPONDENTS

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Yes No PSYCHOLOGICAL SRESS

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Table 3.2.13
Table:13 Table showing the respondents how they feel working with their superiors Particulars No. Of Respondents Percentage Very good 2 2% Good 83 83% Moderate 14 14% Bad 1 1% Vary bad 0 0% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006)

Findings: From the table we found that 83% of them said good, 14% moderate, 2% very good, 1% bad.

Inference:
It can be inferred that 83% of the respondents felt good working with their superiors.

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Chart 3.2.13
Chart showing the respondents how they feel working with their superiors

FEELIG TOWARDS SUPERIORS

Vary bad Moderate Very good 0 20 40 60 80 100

NO OF RESPONDENTS

86

Table 3.2.14
Table:14 Table showing the respondents how they feel working with their subordinates Particulars No. Of Respondents Percentage Very good 1 1% Good 91 91% Moderate 8 8% Bad 0 0% Vary bad 0 0% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006) Findings: From the table we found that 91% of them said good, 8% moderate, 1% very good. Inference: It can be inferred that 91% of the respondents felt good working with their superiors.

Chart 3.2.14
Chart showing the respondents how they feel working with their Subordinates

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100 80 NO OF 60 RESPOND 40 ENTS 20 0

Very good

Moderate Vary bad

FEELING TOWARDS SUBORDINATES

Table 3.2.15
Table:15.Table showing the respondents how they feel working with their Co workers and Peers Particulars No. Of Respondents Percentage Very good 3 3% Good 96 96% Moderate 1 1% Bad 0 0% Vary bad 0 0% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006) Findings: From the table we found that 96% of them said good, 3% very good, 1% moderate Inference: It can be inferred that 96% of the respondents felt good working with their superiors.

Chart 3.2.15
Chart showing the respondents how they feel working with their Co workers and Peers

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NO O F RESPO NDENTS

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Very good Good Moderate Bad Vary bad

FEELING TOWARDS COWORKERS

Table 3.2.16
Table:16 .Table showing the respondents how they express their anger at the work Place Particulars No. Of Respondents Percentage Anger 4 4% Conflicting behavior 0 0% With drawl from the place 33 33% Discussing with the superiors 25 25% Stay calm at the work place 38 38% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006)

Findings: From the table we found that 38% of them said they stay calm at the work Place,33% with drawl from the place,25% discuss with their superiors,4% show anger.

Inference: It can be inferred that 38% of the respondents stay calm at the work place..

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X 38 0 3 59 100

Y 4 33 25 38 100

X2 1444 0 9 3481 4934

Y2 16 1089 625 1444 3174

XY 152 0 75 2242 2469

Correlation ( Table 3 & 11)

r=

2 ( )

( )( )
2

2 ( )

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r=

4( 2469 ) (100 )(100 ) 4( 4934 ) (100 )

2

4( 3174 ) (100 )

r=

9876 10000 19736 10000 12696 10000

124 ( 98.671)( 51.92)

r=

r0

Table 3.2.17
Table showing the ranking attributes causing stress.

Rank Attributes Family Problems More Work Change of Shifts & timings Boredom Threat of Employment Inappropriate Training First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Total 41 33 26 8 42 48 1 1 47 22 19 9 1 2 2 2 6 61 28 1 1 1 28 66 4 1 1 2 4 92 100 100 100 100 100 100

Source: Primary data (Feb 2006 May 2006)

Applying weighted average method: Ranks First Second Third Fourth Fifth six 5 4 3 2 1 Weights 6
a) Family Problems = =

( 41 * 6) + ( 8 * 5) + ( 47 * 4) + ( 2 * 3) + (1 * 2) + (1 *1) = 23.00
6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 +1 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 +1

b) More Work

( 33 * 6) + ( 42 * 5) + ( 22 * 4) + ( 2 * 3) + (1 * 2) + (0 *1) = 24.00

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c) Change of Shifts = d) Boredom =

( 26 * 6) + ( 48 * 5) + (11 * 4) + ( 6 * 3) + ( 0 * 2) + (1 *1) = 21.8

6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 +1 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 +1

( 0 * 6) + (1 * 5) + ( 9 * 4) + ( 61 * 3) + ( 28 * 2) + (2 *1) = 13.4 ( 0 * 6) + ( 0 * 5) + (1 * 4) + ( 28 * 3) + ( 66 * 2) + (4 *1) = 10.67

6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 +1

e) Threat of Employment =

f) Inappropriate Training =

( 0 * 6) + (1 * 5) + ( 2 * 4) + (1 * 3) + ( 4 * 2) + (92 *1) = 5.52

6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 +1

Conclusion:
Therefore, we conclude that First preference goes to Inappropriate training. More Work, Second Financial Problems, Third Change of Shifts, Fourth Boredom, Fifth Threat of Employment, Sixth

Table 3.2.18
Table: 18. Table showing the respondents what they need in order to reduce stress Particulars No. Of Respondents Percentage Having breaks 37 37% Having leaves 20 20% Interacting with others 36 36% Practicing yoga 7 7% Counseling 0 0% Total 100 100% Source: primary data (February 2006 May 2006)

Findings: From the table we found that 37% of them said they need breaks,36% interacting with others, 20% having leaves, 7% practicing yoga.

Inference:

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It can be inferred that 37% of the respondents said that they need breaks.

Applying chi-square test of homogeneity:

H0: All the methods are having equal importance Oi = Observed frequency Ei = Estimated frequency =

O
n Oi

37 + 20 + 36 + 7 = 25 4

Ei 25 25 25 25
5

( Oi Ei )
144 25 121 324

( Oi Ei ) 2
Ei 5.76 1 4.84 12.96

37 20 36 7
2 c

( Oi Ei ) 2 = = 24 .56 Ei i =n

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2 0.05 = 7.815

(With 3 degree of freedom)

Since, the calculated value is greater than the table value,

c2 > 02.05 , we reject H0.

Conclusion:
Therefore, we conclude that all the methods are not having equal importance..

3.3 FINDINGS
The study reveals that 42% of the respondents belong to the age group of 26 to 30, 24% of the respondents belong to the age group of 31 to 35, 18% of the respondents belong to the age group below 25, 16% of the respondents belong to the age group of above35. The study reveals that 86% of the respondents are earning 2500 and 11% of the respondents between 2001 to 2500, 3% of the respondents are between 1501 to 2000. The study reveals that 99% of the respondents are male and 1% of the respondents are female. The study reveals that 64% of the respondents are married and 36% of the respondents are unmarried.

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 The study reveals that 58% of the respondents are under upper primary,18% of the respondents are under primary, 13% of the respondents are under higher and 11% of the respondents under technical and others. The study reveals that of them said no. 63% of the respondents said yes and the remaining 37%

The study reveals that 65% of the respondents never, 31% of the respondents said rarely and 2% of the respondents said always and frequently. The study reveals that 59% of the respondents undergone physical stress,38% of the respondents have undergone personal stress and 3% of the respondents have undergone organizational stress. The study reveals respondents said no. that 59% of the respondents are said yes and 41% of the

The study reveals that 37% the respondents said they suffer stress due to mandatory over time, 17% said due to shift work, 3% said due to inflexible work schedule, 2% due to unpleasant & unhealthy environment The study reveals that 97%of the respondents are not undergone organizational stress and only 3% of them undergone this stress..

The study reveals that 66.66% of the respondents said that they have undergone requiring employees to follow ineffective rules and 33.33% said that they undergone new technology. The study reveals that 62% of the respondents have not undergone personal stress and 38% of them undergone personal stress.

The study reveals that 78.94% of the respondents said financial problems, 21.05% of them fall under martial & family problems.

The study reveals that none of the respondents have undergone psychological stress.

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 The study reveals that 83% of them said good, 14% moderate, 2% very good, 1% bad. The study reveals that 91% of them said good, 8% moderate, 1% very good. The study reveals that 96% of them said good, 3% very good, 1% moderate. The study reveals that 38% of them said they stay calm at the work Place,33% with drawl from the place,25% discuss with their superiors,4% show anger. The study reveals that First preference goes to More Work, Second Financial Problems, Third Change of Shifts, Fourth Boredom, Fifth Threat of Employment, Sixth Inappropriate training. The study reveals that 37% of them said they need breaks,36% interacting with others, 20% having leaves, 7% practicing yoga. The study reveals that all the methods are not having equal importance..

3.4 SUGGESTIONS
Most of the respondents are aware of stress but they dont know the complete details about it, so the company people have to create an awareness program towards this , so that they will have clear idea about the stress and its impact.. Most of the respondents have undergone physical stress due to mandatory over time & inflexible work schedule, so the company should adopt proper timing and schedule to the workers in order to reduce their stress so that both of them will be benefited. More than 50% of the respondents are suffering due to personal stress because of the financial position, so the companies have to look after their problems by providing or arranging schemes or loans in order to avoid this problem.

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 Due to this study it was found that all the workers are comfortable in working with superiors, subordinates and co-workers. So, they have to maintain the same environment they have to encourage & motivate all the workers to increase the productivity. It is found that due to the more work some level of people are not people are not getting time to relax, so they should be provided breaks at regular intervals, so that they can join the work with out any problems. It is suggested to provide some humor activities at the work place so that though they have heavy work they comfortably get through with out feeling any strain at the work place. It is also suggested to provide yoga classes to workers so that they feel relax during the work. The workers should be counseled at regular intervals to know their problems and also to motivate them towards their work. Making all the workers to interact with every one while working, so that the environment will become comfortable them to work with out any breaks. Finally it is suggested that the stress should be one way which should motivate the workers to increase their loyalty and productivity, some times they should make the workers to work through stress but it should be considerable.

CONCLUSION

Finally from the workers perception we conclude that most of the workers are aware of stress but they dont know the consequences of it. Most of the workers are undergoing physical stress due to heavy work and mandatory over time. In order to reduce this effect they should be given proper rest and breaks at regular intervals.

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Apart from the physical stress they are also undergoing personal stress due to their financial condition, it is suggested to provide any loans in order to solve this problem. From the workers perception it is also concluded that they are maintaining a good relationship with their superiors, subordinates & co workers. This has to be maintained in order to solve the problems in the future, they should make the workers to work actively in the work spot by motivating, solving problems, by counseling etc., The company should provide yoga classes in order to get rid of stress; this makes them to reveal stress from the work spot. At any cost the company should not insist the workers to follow the illegal rules.

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