aAuxiliaries used in Textile

1.Name:Sodium Bromate Trade name:Neutralizer K 126(India), Dyetone(India), LFG(India), Qiangyuan(China) Chemical Formula:NaBrO3 Purpose of uses: It is a strong oxidant, mainly used in continuous or batch dyeing processes involving sulfur or vat dyes. References:www.alibaba.com,www.china.cn 2.Name:Copper sulfate Trad name: MTE-7, MTE-6, PTE-5, MulTE-PAK-5(Thiland), Bonide Copper, Cuprofix
Disperss(USA)

Chemical Formula:CuSO4 Purpose of uses: A copper compound sometimes used as a mordant, especially with natural dyes. Certain direct dyes are made more lightfast by after-dyeing treatment with copper sulfate. References:www.drugs.com www.bonide.com

3.Name:Formic acid(HCOOH) Trad name: Aminic acid(Germany); Formylic acid(Finland); Hydrogen carboxylic acid(USA); Hydroxymethanone; Metacarbonoic acid; Oxocarbinic acid; Oxomethanol(China). Chemical structure:

Purpose of uses: Formic acid is commercially often used with acid dyes for wool. It produces a pH lower than that of acetic acid,but higher than that of sulfuric acid. It is a pungent, flammable liquid. Formic acid is not easy for art dyers to procure. References:www.wikipedia.org www.biobees.com. 4.Name:UREA(NH2CONH2) Trad name: Carbamide, carbonyl diamide, carbonyldiamine, diaminomethanal, diaminomethanone(Germany). Chemical structure:

Purpose of uses: Urea is used in dyeing for a number of purposes. Urea helps increase the limit of solubility of some dyes, such as MX, in water. This can be useful when strong solutions are to

be made for tie-dyeing, for example. From 5% to 20% w/v can be used. Urea is used as a humectant. In tie-dyeing or similar processes it helps prevent fabric from drying out during the long periods when it is left in the open for the dye to fix. References:www.wikipedia.org 5.Name:Melamine(C3N6H6) Trad name: 2,4,6-Triamino-s-triazine Cyanurotriamide Cyanurotriamine Cyanuramide(China)

Chemical structure: Purpose of uses: Melamine enters the fabrication of melamine poly-sulfonate used as superplasticizer for making high-resistance concrete. Sulfonated melamine formaldehyde (SMF) is a polymer used as cement admixture to reduce the water content in concrete while increasing the fluidity and the workability of the mix during its handling and pouring. It results in concrete with a lower porosity and a higher mechanical strength, exhibiting an improved resistance to aggressive environments and a longer life-time. References:www.wikipedia.org 6. Name: Paraffin wax Chemical formula: (C20H42 to C40H82 ) Trade name: isoalkanes(US),isoparaffins(Ireland),paraffin(South africa), kerosene(USA). Purpose of uses: Paraffin wax (actually a number of waxes with somewhat different characteristics) is used, by itself or in mixtures with other waxes such as beeswax, as a dye resist in batik. It quite brittle and cracks easily. Reference: www.wikipedia.com 7.Name: Guar gum Trade name: guaran(India), galactomannan(Pakistan), endosperm(Australia). Purpose of uses: Guar gum is used as a thickener in some printing pastes for acid dyes and in etching paste for cellulose fibres. It is reasonably resistant to acids. Guar is unsuitable for use with reactive dyes since it will itself react with the dye.Modified guar gums are also used. Reference: www.wikipedia.com