A REPORT ON

ROOM NOISE DETECTOR AND VISUAL ALARM

BY 1. ANSHU KHANDELWAL---ECE-1(25300310036) 2. RIJU BYABORTTA --- ECE-1(25300310054) 3. SOMNATH KHAMARU---ECE-1(25300310048) A Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of HU-481: Technical Report Writing.

SIR J.C. BOSE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING (SUPREME KNOWLEDGE FOUNDATIONS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS) 1-KHAN ROAD, MANKUNDU HOOGHLY-712139 WEST BENGAL, INDIA

MAY-2012

CERTIFICATE BY THE SUPERVISORS

Mrs. Srima Nandi, M.A., M.Phil. Assistant Professor Department of Humanities & Social Sciences Sir J.C Bose School of Engineering Mankundu, West Bengal. Mr. Soumen Khatua, M.Tech. Head of the Department Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Sir J.C Bose School Engg Mankundu, West Bengal.

This is to certify that the Technical Report Writing on ROOM NOISE DETECTOR AND VISUAL ALARM is a record of work done by the candidate during the period January-2012 to May-2012 at Sir J.C. Bose School of Engineering affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology.

---------------------------Signature (Ms. Srima Nandi) (i)

------------------------Signature (Mr.Soumen Khatua)

STATEMENT BY THE CANDIDATE

Somnath Khamaru -2nd Year B.Tech. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sir J.C. Bose School of Engineering Mankundu, West Bengal.

I hereby state that the Technical Report on ROOM NOISE DETECTOR AND VISUAL ALARM is a report done by me as a part of the Technical Report Writing: HU-481 during the period January-2012 to May 2012.

----------------------------Signature

(ii)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I deem it a pleasure to acknowledge my deep sense of gratitude to Ms. Srima Nandi, Assistant professor, Department of Humanities & Social Science, Sir J.C. Bose School of Engineering, who directed and guided me with her timely advice which eased task of completing this Technical Report. I wish to reciprocate in full measure the kindness shown by Mr. Soumen Khatua, Head of the Department, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sir J.C. Bose School of Engineering, who encouraged and inspired me in successfully completing the Technical Report. Finally I must say that no height is ever achieved without some sacrifice made at some end and it is here I owe my special debt to my parents for showing their generous love throughout the entire period of time.

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PREFACE

Noise is always a problem for the society. Its the disturbance that no one likes. So in order to curb the noise we first have to technically measure a sound and after comparing with a preset level we could understand if that particular sound is a noise or not. In this technical report, we have mentioned a device which will be able to detect sound and compare it with a preset level and declare if that particular sound is a noise or not. The first chapter deals with the literature survey i.e. the basics of detectors and the parameters of the detectors .The second chapter focuses on the components used to make the detectors i.e. the parts list. The third chapter gives the information about the cost of making the circuit. The fourth chapter highlights the working principle i.e. how the circuit works electronically. The fifth chapter describes the different applications of the circuit. Thus with the novel use of this room noise detectors and alarm we would be able to make people aware of the noise they are creating.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Introduction 1 2 3 4 5 Conclusion Bibliography Literature survey Equipments Price tag Working principle Application Topic Page number 1 4 7 15 16 18 19 20

INTRODUCTION
Noise is a common word is our day to day life. Status of a place is judged by the noise level maintained there. Noise gives us an idea of suitability of a place for human habitat. Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing human, animal, or machine-created environmental noise that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly construction and transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise, and rail noise. In this project we deal with noise, or rather in a broader sense we measure noise. Usually, small-scale and medium-scale factories do not have systems to inspect noise levels. The high expenditure to acquire such devices from the current competitive market makes them shy off from installing such systems. Also they have some physical constraints such as cannot bear heat, heavy mechanical pressure, etc .Keeping a view of these shortcomings, this project aims at providing a rugged and cost effective detector circuit assembled using low-cost components with the intention of substituting the current commercially existing versions. This project aims at giving a highly accurate output thus providing a good calibration of the level of noise in the room. So we introduce a device which has the ability to measure noise of any place and give us an idea if that place is suitable for human habitat. The device is nominal cost, efficient and versatile. Its named as room noise sensor, detector and visual alarm. [1]

Fig 1: NOISE

POLLUTION

A sensor is a device capable of registering a specific substance or physical phenomenon. A detector is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. There are various kinds of detectors like temperature detector (Thermocouple), light detector (LDR), sound detector (microphone), etc. Scrutinizing Room Noise Detector: This circuit keeps a tab on the noise levels in a room using detectors like microphone, and displays output in the form of blinking LEDs. It can detect three threshold levels 50, 70, 85 dB. A three array LED just makes the output look magnificent. The circuit would be able to use a 099 counter to count the number of times the highest noise level set by the authorities is reached. Hence this allows the authorities to know how much noise pollution occurs at a particular place, which helps them to take measures to reduce noise pollution of a particular place.

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EXAMPLES OF NOISE LEVEL

Table 1: EXAMPLES OF NOISE SOURCES

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CHAPTER: 1

LITERATURE SURVEY

1.1

BASICS OF DETECTORS A detector is a device which receives and responds to a signal or stimulus. Here, the term "stimulus" means a property or a quantity that needs to be converted into electrical form. Hence, detector can be defined as a device which receives a signal and converts it into electrical form which can be further used for electronic devices. A detector differs from a transducer in the way that a transducer converts one form of energy into other form whereas a detector converts the received signal into electrical form only. A good detector obeys the following rules: Is sensitive to the measured property. Is insensitive to any other property likely to be encountered in its application. Does not influence the measured property. A sound detector has its measurement calibrated in decibels (dBs).

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1.2

TYPES OF DETECTORS
Detectors can be classified on the basis of quantity it measures. Some of them are: 1. Temperature detectors like thermocouple, RTD, etc.
2. 3.

Light detectors like LDRs, phototransistors, etc. Sound detectors like microphone, lace sensor, hydrophone, etc.

4. Infrared detector like IR sensor, etc. 5. Radiation detector like particle detector, etc. 6. Position Detector like accelerometer, free fall sensor, etc. 7. Pressure Detector like Bourdon gauge, Barometer, etc. 8. Flow detector like air flow meter, anemometer, etc.

1.3

PARAMETERS

1.3.1 SENSITIVITY
The sensitivity is then defined as the ratio between output signal and measured property. For example, if a sensor measures temperature and has a voltage output, the sensitivity is a constant with the unit [V/K]; this sensor is linear because the ratio is constant at all points of measurement.

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1.3.2 RESOLUTION
The resolution of a sensor is the smallest change it can detect in the quantity that it is measuring. Often in a digital display, the least significant digit will fluctuate, indicating that changes of that magnitude are only just resolved. The resolution is related to the precision with which the measurement is made. For example, a scanning tunneling probe (a fine tip near a surface collects an electron tunneling current) can resolve atoms and molecules.

1.4

APPLICATIONS OF NOISE DETECTORS

1. 2. 3.

Checking decibel level in industries, near hospitals, etc. Study effect of noise on human body. Traffic Noise level studies.

4. Scientific analysis of noise.

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CHAPTER: 2

EQUIPMENTS
The circuit consists of many active and passive components of analog electronics. So in this chapter we will define the different components used in the circuit and give there specifications. This will give an idea of the importance of the components used in the circuit and the necessity of the components in the circuit. Each and every equipment used in the circuit is able to with stand extreme conditions like high voltage flow and heat.
2.1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 2: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [7]

2.2 PARTS LIST 2.2.1 RESISTORS

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. The current through a resistor is in direct proportion to the voltage across the resistor's terminals. Thus, the ratio of the voltage applied across a resistor's terminals to the intensity of current through the circuit is called resistance. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high-resistivity alloy, such as nickel-chrome). Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits, particularly analog devices, and can also be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits.

Fig 3: RESISTOR R1____________10K 1/4W Resistor R2, R3_________22K 1/4W Resistors R4___________100K 1/4W Resistor R5, R9, R10_____56K 1/4W Resistors R6_____________5K6 1/4W Resistor R7___________560R 1/4W Resistor R8_____________2K2 1/4W Resistor [8]

R11____________1K 1/4W Resistor R12___________33K 1/4W Resistor R13__________330R 1/4W Resistor

2.2.2 CAPACITORS
A capacitor (originally known as condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors separated by a dielectric (insulator); for example, one common construction consists of metal foils separated by a thin layer of insulating film. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices.

Fig 4: CAPACITOR

C1___________100nF 63V Polyester Capacitor C2____________10F 25V Electrolytic Capacitor C3___________470F 25V Electrolytic Capacitor C4____________47F 25V Electrolytic Capacitor

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2.2.3 LEDS A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source.] LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962, early LEDs emitted lowintensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.

Fig 5: LEDS D1_____________5mm. Red LED D2_____________5mm.Green LED D3_____________5mm. Blue LED

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2.2.4 IC CHIPS 2.2.4.1 Pin out of IC LM358

The LM358 consists of two independent, high gain, internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages. It provides a high gain for weak signals.

Fig 6: INTERNAL CONFIGURATION OF LM358

Fig 7: PICTURE OF LM358

2.2.5 TERMINALS OF TRANSISTOR BC327 A PNP general purpose transistor in a TO-92 package, used for general purpose switching and amplifier applications which is suitable for AF driver stages and low power output stages of audio amplifiers due to its features of high current at 500 mA maximum and low voltage at 45 V maximum.
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Fig 8: PIN OUT FOR BC327

2.2.6 SPECIFICATIONS OF MICROPHONE

An electret microphone is a type of condenser microphone, which eliminates the need for a polarizing power supply by using a permanently charged material. Sensitivity Frequency Range Signal to Noise Ratio : : : -45 3 dB 100 Hz to 10 kHz 58 dB

Fig 9: ELECTRET MICROPHONE

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2.2.7 ROTARY SWITCH

A rotary switch is a switch operated by rotation. These are often chosen when more than 2 positions are needed, such as a three-speed fan or a CB radio with multiple frequencies of reception or "channels. A rotary switch consists of a spindle or "rotor" that has a contact arm or "spoke" which projects from its surface like a cam. It has an array of terminals, arranged in a circle around the rotor, each of which serves as a contact for the "spoke" through which any one of a number of different electrical circuits can be connected to the rotor. The switch is layered to allow the use of multiple poles; each layer is equivalent to one pole.

Fig 10: 2 POLES 4 WAYS ROTARY SWITCH SW1__________2 poles 4 ways rotary switch

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2.2.8 BATTERY
The most common form of nine-volt battery type PP3, and is commonly called the transistor battery since its first wide introduction into the market was inside the early transistor radios. The battery is a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges and a polarized snap connector at the top. This format is commonly available in primary carbon-zinc and alkaline chemistry, in primary lithium iron disulfide, and in rechargeable form in nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride types.

Fig 11: 9V PP3 BATTERY B1___________9V PP3 Battery

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CHAPTER: 3 PRICE TAG

This chapter highlights the practical cost of the circuit. We have tried to give an estimation of the cost of making the circuit. The cost is not for production on commercial basis as we have excluded our transportation cost and our profit. The cost of components may change due to change is market rates.

3.1 COST OF THE CIRCUIT

COMPONENT RESISTOR CAPACITOR TRANSISTOR LED IC CHIPS( LM358) ROTARY SWITCH WITH CAP BATTERY(9V) QUANTITY 15 4 1 3 1 1 1 TOTAL COST (IN RUPEES) 10 6 4 3 8 90 10

TABLE 2: COST OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS

SO TOTAL COST OF THE CIRCUIT= RS. 131

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CHAPTER: 4 WORKING PRINCIPLE 4.1 WORKING OF ROOM NOISE DETECTOR

The complete working of Room Noise Detector has been described under the consideration that sound signal is sinusoidal in nature. Hence a descriptive working for positive half cycle of the signal is in this manner: 1. The R4 C1 combination is responsible for AC coupling with the high gain OP-AMPs. The R3 C2 parallel arrangement makes sure that only DC signal flows through R3 and remains shorted for sound signal. IC1A configuration is employed in non-inverting amplifier mode with variable gain controlled by resistors R5, R6 and R7. Formula for Gain: AV =1 + Where i = 5, 6, 7. These resistors provide selection for 50 dB, 70 dB and 85 dB threshold respectively.
3.

2.

IC1A is coupled with IC1B and the second OPAMP is in difference amplifier mode. For positive half cycles, the R8 resistor takes along a signal synchronized with input signal with its negative cycles clipped. Also input to non-inverting terminal is the original amplified signal. [16]

4.

The output of IC1B is only negative pulses in every positive cycles of input. The capacitor is for input coupling and the transistor being PNP it gets ON when base voltage is negative when compared to the emitter i.e. VBE -0.7. The R11 C3 combination is an LPF allowing only low frequency signals to pass through and attenuating high frequency signals.

5.

6.

It is clear that noise or sound signals have a positive amplitude w.r.t ground. The PNP transistor produces positive collector current spikes when a negative pulse is provided to base of the transistor.

7.

Thus the LEDs show the output depending upon user selection of dBs.

8.

As the LEDs glow then it acts as a clock pulse and the no of times the LEDS will glow the IC 7490 counter will count it and it will be decoded by the IC 7448(active high) decoder.

9. Hence the decoder will drive the seven segment display.

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CHAPTER: 5 APPLICATIONS
Modern technology Owes ecology An apology. ~Alan M. Eddison

Any technology has its own applications, without applications a technology cannot exist. So this chapter highlights different applications of the
device in our daily life. The applications are practical and are exact solutions to the problem.

5.1 UTILITY
1. The 50 db setting is provided to monitor the noise in the bedroom at night. If the LED is steady on, or flashes bright often, then your bedroom is inadequate and too noisy for sleep. 2. The 70 db setting is for living-rooms. If this level is often exceeded during the day, your apartment is rather uncomfortable. 3. If noise level is constantly over 85 db, 8 hours day, then you are living in a dangerous environment. 4. The noise detector circuit can be used commercially by pollution control agencies. It can be installed in industries and give indications when noise level goes high and count the no of time the noise level exceeds safe limits and is indicated by a 7 segment display system. 5. Even this device can be installed in schools, colleges and measure noise created by students and indicates or warns them to control the noise level.

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CONCLUSION
This room noise detector leads us to make a comfortable solution to the noise pollution detection and making people aware of the noise pollution caused by them. All our hard work were fruitful and thus we succeed is making the ROOM NOISE DETECTOR AND VISUAL ALARM . This device also helps us to know how many times a noise pollution occurs on a particular place in a particular day. This device gives a two way solution, it not only aware us of the noise created but also helps us to punish the noise polluters. This device is very handy, portable and easily access able. This is a almost commercial device and suits the commercial standards, yet it is very cost efficient .We ensure further development in this field and hope to make a fully integrated commercial device of noise detection and noise pollution control in future. We end our technical report wish this beautiful quotation which concludes that science is the mother of knowledge.

I conclude that, while it is true that science cannot decide questions of value, that is because they cannot be intellectually decided at all, and lie outside the realm of truth and falsehood. Whatever knowledge is attainable, must be attained by scientific methods; and what science cannot discover, mankind cannot know.
Bertrand Russell

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEB SOURCES

1. http://www.redcircuits.com/Page16.htm

2. http://www.scribd.com/ 3. http://www.wikipedia.org/ 4. http://project-circuit.blogspot.in/2009/11/room-noise-detector-circuit.html/ 5. http://www.alldatasheet.com/

TEXT SOURCES

1. V.K.Mehta And Rohit Mehta, Principles Of Electronics, S.Chand And Company Ltd.,New Delhi,Vol 1,2012. 2. D.chattopadhay And P.C. Rakshit , Electronics Fundamentals And Applications, New Age International (P).Ltd. ,New Delhi ,Vol 1, 2011. 3. D.Roychowdury And Shail.B.Jain , Linear Integrated Circuit, New Age International (P).Ltd. ,New Delhi ,Vol 1, 2010. 4. Bertrand Russell, Religion And Science (1935), 243.

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