Drug Information Resources

P.K.LAKSHMI DIRECTOR - DRUG INFORMATION CENTER KARNATAKA STATE PHARMACY COUNCIL VIJAYANAGAR, BANGALORE, KARNATAKA E-mail: sureshlakshmi6@yahoo.com
P. K. Lakshmi, Director, DIC, KSPC, B'lore, DI Training, 11th 15th Dec 2006 1

Objectives
Describe how the exponential growth of drug information
challenges the practice of drug information Describe the attributes of and the differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary resources Critique primary, secondary, and tertiary resources Identify the most appropriate resources for a given drug information inquiry and use them effectively Recognize that primary, secondary, and tertiary resources may be available in hard-copy, CD-ROM, and/or online formats Describe how to search computerized databases Understand the role of computer bulletin boards and the Internet as drug information resources Recognize that professional organizations, pharmaceutical manufacturers, drug information centers, and poison control centers are alternate sources of drug information
P. K. Lakshmi, Director, DIC, KSPC, B'lore, DI Training, 11th 15th Dec 2006

Modified Systematic Approach to Drug Information

3. Primary literature Original research reports

2. Secondary literature Indexing and abstracting services

1. Tertiary literature Textbooks / drug compendia

Step-wise Approach to Using Drug Information Resources P. K. Lakshmi, Director, DIC, KSPC, B'lore, DI Training, 11th 15th Dec 2006

Tertiary Literature
TYPES OF TERTIARY LITERATURE Textbooks Compendia Full text computer databases Review articles

P. K. Lakshmi, Director, DIC, KSPC, B'lore, DI Training, 11th 15th Dec 2006

Tertiary Literature

Adverse Event Resources Drug Interaction Resources Drug Use In Renal Failure Resources Extemporaneous Compounding Resources Foreign And Domestic Drug Identification Resources General Drug Information Resources Geriatric Dosing Resources Medical Resources Natural Product Resources Over-the-counter Drug Resources Patient Counseling Resources Pediatric Dosing Resources Pharmacokinetics Resources Pharmacology Resources Pharmacotherapy Resources Pharmacy Practice Resources Poison Control Information Resources Sterile Drug Product Resources Teratogenicity Resources P. K. Lakshmi, Director, DIC, Veterinary Information KSPC, B'lore, DI Training, 11th 15th Dec 2006 5

P. K. Lakshmi, Director, DIC, KSPC, B'lore, DI Training, 11th 15th Dec 2006

Secondary Literature

BIOSIS Previews Clinical Abstracts/Current Therapeutic Findings (CA/CTF) Current Contents Embase Index Medicus InPharma International Pharmaceutical Abstracts Iowa Drug Information System (IDIS) MEDLINE Reactions Science Citation Index
P. K. Lakshmi, Director, DIC, KSPC, B'lore, DI Training, 11th 15th Dec 2006 7

SEARCHING COMPUTERISED DATABASES

P. K. Lakshmi, Director, DIC, KSPC, B'lore, DI Training, 11th 15th Dec 2006

Evaluation of Review Articles

Were articles included in the review article selected
on the basis of objective criteria? Did the authors use a variety of resources to identify studies for inclusion in the review article? Was the review article focused on a clearly defined patient population? Did the studies included in the review article use valid research methods? Did the authors examine reasons for differences in study results and conclusions? Were outcomes of the studies clinically important? Were study results analyzed quantitatively? Did the authors consider benefits and risks of the drug therapy?
P. K. Lakshmi, Director, DIC, KSPC, B'lore, DI Training, 11th 15th Dec 2006 9

Primary literature

American Druggist American Journal of Cardiology American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy HealthAmerican Journal of Pharmaceutical Education American Journal of Therapeutics Annals of Internal Medicine The Annals of Pharmacotherapy Archives of Internal Medicine Cancer. An Interdisciplinary International Journal of the American Cancer Society American Chest Clinical Drug Investigation Clinical Immunotherapeutics Clinical Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacokinetics Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics The Consultant Pharmacist Critical Care Medicine Drug Information Journal Drug Investigation V Drugs Drug Safety Drug Topics PDA Medical Bulletin F-D-C Reports ("The Pink Sheet") ("The Tan Sheet") Food and Drug Law Journal Formulary JAMA. The Journal of the American Medical Association Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association Journal of Clinical Oncology The Journal of the National Cancer Institute Journal of Pharmacy Teaching Journal of Social and Administrative Pharmacy Lippincott's Hospital Pharmacy Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report P. The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics K. Lakshmi, Director, DIC, Topics in Hospital Pharmacy Management KSPC, B'lore, DI Training, 11th US Pharmacist

15th Dec 2006

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TYPES OF PRIMARY LITERATURE DOCUMENTS

Study Design True experiment Follow-up (cohort) study FollowCase-control (trohoc) study CaseCross-sectional study CrossMeta-analysis MetaCase study or series N-of-1 study ofStability study Survey research Study Purpose Determine cause and effect relationships Determine association between various factors and disease state development Determine association between disease states and exposure to various risk factors various Identify prevalence of characteristics of diseases in populations populations Combine, statistically evaluate, and summarize data from multiple studies multiple Report observations in a single patient or several patients Compare effects of drug to control during multiple observation periods in a single periods patient Evaluate stability of drugs in various preparations (e.g., ophthalmologic, ophthalmologic, intravenous, topical, oral) Study the incidence, distribution, and relationships of sociological and sociological psychological variables through use of questionnaires applied to various populations Evaluate use of and adverse effects associated with newly approved drug study approved therapies Compare outcomes and costs of drug therapies or services Determine impact Director, DIC, services P. K. Lakshmi, and/or economic value of pharmaceutical services KSPC, B'lore, DI Training, 11th 15th Dec 2006

Postmarketing surveillance Pharmacoeconomic analysis Programmatic research

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Alternate Sources of Drug Information

Electronic bulletin boards (EBBS) Internet, list servers, and USENET News Local and national professional organizations Pharmaceutical manufacturers Drug information and poison control centers

P. K. Lakshmi, Director, DIC, KSPC, B'lore, DI Training, 11th 15th Dec 2006

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