Attention:

Engr. Jolou Miraflor

Sheet 1 of 8 sheets

XAVIER UNIVERSITY College of Engineering Cagayan de Oro City ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ACE 10 FL- AC/DC MACHINIERIES Experiment No. 1 MAGNETIC CIRCUIT Performed By: CABASAN, MARK JULIUS R. FRANCISCO, FRANZ NIKKO S. LIMBACO, ROINE ANTHONY Y.

June 28,2012 Date Submitted for Assessment (Space for School Office Date Stamp) I, the undersigned, declare that iam the author of this work, and that any content from other sources has been acknowledged and fully cited. ____________________________ Signature

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6 hr 00 mins

Assessors comments: Assessor: Engr. Jolou Miraflor Date of Assesment: JUNE 28, 2012

Mark Of Assessment:______________________

EXPERIMENT NO.1 TITLE: MAGNETIC CIRCUITS OBJECTIVES: 1. The Students should be able to draw the complete magnetic circuit with all parameters labelled. 2. The students should be able to estimate the total number of conductor turns and be able to implement other design related principles. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT: 1 Unit Disassembled dynamo armature 1 Unit measuring rule 1 Unit inside and outside caliper Theory The study of magnetic circuits is important in the study of devices such as transformers and rotating machines (DC machines, induction machines, synchronous machines) since these devices can be characterized efficiently using magnetic circuits. Magnetic circuits, which characterize the behavior of the magnetic fields within a given device or set of devices, can be analyzed using the circuit analysis techniques defined for electric circuits. The quantities of interest in a magnetic circuit are the vector magnetic field H(Aim), the vector magnetic flux density B (T = Wb/m ) and the total magnetic flux (Wb). The vector magnetic field and vector magnetic flux density are related by
2

where is defined as the total permeability, r is the relative permeability (unit less), and o = 41t X 7 1o- Him is the permeability of freespace. The total magnetic flux through a given surface S is found by integrating the normal component of the magnetic flux density over the surface

where the vector differential surface is given by ds=a n ds and where an defines a unit vector normal to the surface S The relative permeability is a measure of how much magnetization occurs within the material. There is no magnetization in free space (vacuum) and negligible magnetization in common conductors such as copper and aluminum. These materials are characterized by a relative permeability of unity ( r =1). Two quantities of particular interest on the hystersis loop are the retentivity Br (or residual flux density) and the coercivity He (or coercive force). Note that the retentivity is a measure of how much of the magnetic energy is retained by the material upon removal of the applied magnetic field. The higher the retentivity relative to the saturation level Bm, the

more of the applied magnetic energy is stored in the material. The coercivity is related to the demagnetization of the material. Note that the smaller the coercivity, the closer this point is to the point of total demagnetization (the origin of the B-H curve). Materials with low coercivities can take less energy to demagnetize (sometimes called soft magnetic materials). Conversely, materials with high coercivities , are known as hard magnetic materials. The sources of magnetic field are current or permanent magnets. The magnetic field of a currentcarrying wire will basically encircle the wire. The magnitude of the magnetic field grows smaller as distance from the wire increases. The direction of the magnetic field produced by a current- carrying conductor is determined by the right-hand rule. The total magnetic flux passing through a given surface Sis found by integrating the normal component of the magnetic flux density over the surface.

Procedure 1. Obtain the measurement of the following: Dynamo Part Field: Width, Length, Arc Width, Arc Length, Depth Armature: Width, Length, Depth Air Gap: Width, Length, Depth 2. Assume a 240-volt and a total of 0.6 ampere armature operation. Draw the magnetic circuit of this dynamo representing all the reluctances and all the magnetomotive forces that will be involved. Hint: search for the maximum flux a permanent magnet field can give, and used core characteristics of 4% silicon. Answer:

3. What will be the total estimated conductor in the armature that are effective in the production of electromotive force and torque? 4. Should coils replace the permanent magnet as field what would be the important points of consideration. Suggest the following: Core dimension, conductor number of turns, core permeability and air gap. Diagrams

Data and Results: Obtain the measurement of the following: Dynamo Part Field: Width Length Arc Width Arc Length Depth Armature Width Length Depth Air Gap Width Length Depth 0.3 cm 0.4 cm 0.55 cm 6.0 cm 5.5 cm 3.2 cm 6.3 cm 5.9 cm 7.4 cm 5.9 cm 3.75 cm Measurement