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Nishant Anthwal - 061261

An induction generator is a type of electrical generator that is mechanically and electrically similar to a polyphase induction motor. Induction generators produce electrical power when their shaft is rotated faster than the synchronous frequency of the equivalent induction motor. Induction generators are often used in wind turbines and some micro hydro installations due to their ability to produce useful power at varying rotor speeds. Induction generators are mechanically and electrically simpler than other generator types. They are also more rugged, requiring no brushes or commutators.

Induction generators are increasingly being used in nonconventional energy systems such as wind, micro/mini hydro, etc. The advantages of using hydro, an induction generator instead of a synchronous generator are well known and are discussed later.

Generation of electrical energy mainly so far has been from thermal, nuclear, and hydro plants. They have continuously degraded the environmental conditions. An increasing rate of the depletion of conventional energy sources and the degradation of environmental conditions has given rise to an increased emphasis on renewable energy sources.

On the basis of Rotor ConstructionConstruction Wound Rotor Squirrel cage

Depending upon the prime movers used (constant speed or variable speed) and their locations (near to the power network or at isolated places)places)

constantconstant-speed constant-frequency (CSCF) constantvariablevariable-speed constant-frequency (VSCF) constantvariablevariable-speed variable-frequency (VSVF variable-

In this scheme, the prime mover speed is held constant by continuously adjusting the blade pitch and/or generator characteristics. An induction generator can operate on an infinite bus bar at a slip of 1% to 5% above the synchronous speed. Induction generators are simpler than synchronous generators. They are easier to operate, control, and maintain, do not have any synchronization problems, and are economical.

The variable-speed operation of wind electric variablesystem yields higher output for both low and high wind speeds. This results in higher annual energy yields per rated installed capacity. Both horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines exhibit this gain under variable-speed operation. variable-

With variable prime mover speed, the performance of synchronous generators can be affected. For variable speed corresponding to the changing derived speed, SEIG can be conveniently used for resistive heating loads, which are essentially frequency insensitive. This scheme is gaining importance for standstandalone wind power applications. applications.

In some applications, a group of capacitor self excited induction generators may have to be operated in parallel. Parallel operation of such generators have following advantages Synchronization is not necessary. Generators don't have to run a common synchronous speed. An underground AC cable system could usefully provide part of the required excitation capacitance.

In addition induction machines have higher damping as compared to conventional types of synchronous machine. Consequently, in parallel operated SEIGs, hunting problems are reduced.

Reduced unit cost and size Use of electromagnets rather than permanent magnets. Ruggedness Absence of separate dc source Ease of maintenance SelfSelf-protection against severe overloads and short circuits

As compared to synchronous machines, induction generators have slightly lower efficiency and cant be operated at unity or leading power factor. factor. The need for reactive power support. Induction generators and also load, which is generally inductive in nature, require the supply of reactive power. Poor Voltage Regulation. Unbalanced reactive power operation results in voltage variation.

SelfSelf-excited induction generators (SEIG) are found to be very suitable to generate power from wind and mini-hydro sources in the miniremote areas. High speed induction generators are used for applications in aircraft power systems.

Currently being developed is a 200kW induction generators to operate at 62000 rpm. The generator has an air-cooled design. An airidentical machine has built to operate as a motor. The generator and the motor are mounted on a base plate and coupled together.

In isolated systems, the use of a SEIG offers many advantage over a synchronous generator. It is desirable that the cost of an isolated system should be very low so that the cost of power produced from it can be afforded by the poor community residing in an isolated area. Use of the SEIG compared to the synchronous generator can reduce the system cost considerably. SEIGs have been mainly analyzed in a single system like wind or micro hydro, etc. and contributions in dual or multi-systems, such as winddiesel, wind multiwind wind diesel dieselmicro hydro, etc. are almost negligible.

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