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Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.

4, 2012

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The General Theory of Space Time, Mass, Energy, Quantum Gravity, Perception, Four Fundamental Forces, Vacuum Energy, Quantum Field
*1

Dr K N Prasanna Kumar, 2Prof B S Kiranagi And 3Prof C S Bagewadi

*1

Dr K N Prasanna Kumar, Post doctoral researcher, Dr KNP Kumar has three PhDs, one each in Mathematics,

Economics and Political science and a D.Litt. in Political Science, Department of studies in Mathematics, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, Karnataka, India Correspondence Mail id : drknpkumar@gmail.com

Prof B S Kiranagi, UGC Emeritus Professor (Department of studies in Mathematics), Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India
3

Prof C S Bagewadi, Chairman , Department of studies in Mathematics and Computer science, Jnanasahyadri Kuvempu university, Shankarghatta, Shimoga district, Karnataka, India

Abstract Essentially GUT and Vacuum Field are related to Quantum field where Quantum entanglement takes place. Mass energy equivalence and its relationship with Quantum Computing are discussed in various papers by the author. Here we finalize a paper on the relationship of GUT on one hand and space-time, mass-energy, Quantum Gravity and Vacuum field with Quantum Field. In fact, noise, discordant notes also are all related to subjective theory of Quantum Mechanics which is related to Quantum Entanglement and Quantum computing. Key words: Quantum Mechanics, Quantum computing, Quantum entanglement, vacuum energy Introduction: Physicists have always thought quantum computing is hard because quantum states are incredibly fragile. But could noise and messiness actually help things along? (Zeeya Merali) Quantum computation, attempting to exploit subatomic physics to create a device with the potential to outperform its best macroscopic counterparts IS A Gordian knot with the Physicists. . Quantum systems are fragile, vulnerable and susceptible both in its thematic and discursive form and demand immaculate laboratory conditions to survive long enough to be of any use. Now White was setting out to test an unorthodox quantum algorithm that seemed to turn that lesson on its head. Energetic franticness, ensorcelled frenzy, entropic entrepotishness, Ergodic erythrism messiness and disorder would be virtues, not vices and perturbations in the quantum system would drive computation, not disrupt it. Conventional view is that such devices should get their computational power from quantum entanglement a phenomenon through which particles can share information even when they are separated by arbitrarily large distances. But the latest experiments suggest that entanglement might not be needed after all. Algorithms could instead tap into a quantum resource called discord, which would be far cheaper and easier to maintain in the lab. Classical computers have to encode their data in an either/or fashion: each bit of information takes a value of 0 or 1, and nothing else. But the quantum world is the realm of both/and. Particles can exist in 'superpositions' occupying many locations at the same time, say, or simultaneously (e&eb)spinning clockwise and anticlockwise.

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So, Feynman argued, computing in that realm could use quantum bits of information qubits that exist as superpositions of 0 and 1 simultaneously. A string of 10 such qubits could represent all 1,024 10bit numbers simultaneously. And if all the qubits shared information through entanglement, they could race through myriad calculations in parallel calculations that their classical counterparts would have to plod through in a languorous, lugubrious and lachrymososhish manner sequentially (see 'Quantum computing'). The notion that quantum computing can be done only through entanglement was cemented in 1994, when Peter Shor, a mathematician at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, devised an entanglement-based algorithm that could factorize large numbers at lightning speed potentially requiring only seconds to break the encryption currently used to send secure online communications, instead of the years required by ordinary computers. In 1996, Lov Grover at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, proposed an entanglement-based algorithm that could search rapidly through an unsorted database; a classical algorithm, by contrast, would have to laboriously search the items one by one. But entanglement has been the bane of many a quantum experimenter's life, because the slightest interaction of the entangled particles with the outside world even with a stray low-energy photon emitted by the warm walls of the laboratory can destroy it. Experiments with entanglement demand ultra-low temperatures and careful handling. "Entanglement is hard to prepare, hard to maintain and hard to manipulate," says Xiaosong Ma, a physicist at the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information in Vienna. Current entanglement record-holder intertwines just 14 qubits, yet a large-scale quantum computer would need several thousand. Any scheme that bypasses entanglement would be warmly welcomed, without any hesitation, reservation, regret, remorse, compunction or contrition. Says Ma. Clues that entanglement isn't essential after all began to trickle in about a decade ago, with the first examples of rudimentary regimentation and seriotological sermonisations and padagouelogical pontifications quantum computation. In 2001, for instance, physicists at IBM's Almaden Research Center in San Jose and Stanford University, both in California, used a 7-qubit system to implement Shor's algorithm, factorizing the number 15 into 5 and 3. But controversy erupted over whether the experiments deserved to be called quantum computing, says Carlton Caves, a quantum physicist at the University of New Mexico (UNM) in Albuquerque. The trouble was that the computations were done at room temperature, using liquid-based nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems, in which information is encoded in atomic nuclei using(e) an internal quantum property known as spin. Caves and his colleagues had already shown that entanglement could not be sustained in these conditions. "The nuclear spins would be jostled about too much for them to stay lined up neatly," says Caves. According to the orthodoxy, no entanglement meant any quantum computation. The NMR community gradually accepted that they had no entanglement, yet the computations were producing real results. Experiments were explicitly performed for a quantum search without (e(e))exploiting entanglement. These experiments really called into question what gives quantum

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Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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computing its power. Order Out of Disorder Discord, an obscure measure of quantum correlations. Discord quantifies (=) how much a system can be disrupted when people observe it to gather information. Macroscopic systems are not e(e&eb)affected by observation, and so have zero discord. But quantum systems are unavoidably (e&eb) affected because measurement forces them to settle on one of their many superposition values, so any possible quantum correlations, including entanglement, give (eb) a positive value for discord. Discord is connected (e&eb)to quantum computing."An algorithm challenged the idea that quantum computing requires (e) to painstakingly prepare(eb) a set of pristine qubits in the lab. In a typical optical experiment, the pure qubits might (e) consist of horizontally polarized photons representing 1 and vertically polarized photons representing 0. Physicists can entangle a stream of such pure qubits by passing them through a (e&eb) processing gate such as a crystal that alters (e&eb) the polarization of the light, and then read off the state of the qubits as they exit. In the real world, unfortunately, qubits rarely stay pure. They are far more likely to become messy, or 'mixed' the equivalent of unpolarized photons. The conventional wisdom is that mixed qubits aree(e) useless for computation because they e(e&eb) cannot be entangled, and any measurement of a mixed qubit will yield a random result, providing little or no useful information. If a mixed qubit was sent through an entangling gate with a pure qubit. The two could not become entangled but, the physicists argued, their interaction might be enough to carry (eb)out a quantum computation, with the result read from the pure qubit. If it worked, experimenters could get away with using just one tightly controlled qubit, and letting the others be badly battered sadly shattered by environmental noise and disorder. "It was not at all clear why that should work," says White. "It sounded as strange as saying they wanted to measure someone's speed by measuring the distance run with a perfectly metered ruler and measuring the time with a stopwatch that spits out a random answer." Datta supplied an explanation he calculated that the computation could be(eb) driven by the quantum correlation between the pure and mixed qubits a correlation given mathematical expression by the discord."It's true that you must have entanglement to compute with idealized pure qubits," "But when you include mixed states, the calculations look very different."Quantum computation without (e) the hassle of entanglement," seems to have become a point where the anecdote of life had met the aphorism of thought. Discord could be like sunlight, which is plentiful but has to be harnessed in a certain way to be useful. The team confirmed that the qubits were not entangled at any point. Intriguingly, when the researchers tuned down the polarization quality of the one pure qubit, making (eb) it almost mixed, the computation still worked. "Even when you have a system with just a tiny fraction of purity, that is (=) vanishingly close to classical, it still has power," says White. "That just blew our minds." The computational power only disappeared when the amount of discord in the system reached zero. "It's counter-intuitive, but it seems that putting noise and disorder in your system gives you power," says White. "Plus, it's easier to achieve."For Ma, White's results provided the "wow! Moment" that made him takes discord seriously. He was keen to test discord-based algorithms that used more than the two qubits used by White, and that could perform more glamorous tasks, but he had none to test. "Before I can carry out any experiments, I need the recipe of what to prepare from theoreticians," he explains, and those instructions were not forthcoming. Although it is easier for experimenters to handle noisy real-world systems than pristinely glorified ones, it is a lot harder for theoretical physicists to analyse them mathematically. "We're talking about messy physical systems, and the equations are even messier," says Modi. For the past few years, theoretical physicists interested in discord have been trying to formulate prescriptions for new tests. It is not proved that discord is (eb) essential to computation just that it is there. Rather than being the engine behind computational power, it could just be along for the ride, he argues. Last year, Ac and his colleagues n calculated that almost every quantum system contains discord. "It's basically everywhere," he says. "That makes it difficult to explain why it causes power in specific situations and not others." It is almost like we can perform our official tasks amidst all noise, subordination pressure, superordinational scatological pontification, coordination dialectic deliberation, but when asked to do something different we want

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peace.Silence, No disturbance .Personally, one thinks it is a force of habit. And habits die hard. Modi shares the concern. "Discord could be like sunlight, which is plentiful but has to be harnessed in a certain way to be useful. We need to identify what that way is," he says.Du and Ma are independently conducting experiments to address these points. Both are attempting to measure the amount of discord at each stage of a computation Du using liquid NMR and electron-spin resonance systems, and Ma using photons. The very importance giving, attitude itself acts as an anathema, a misnomer.

A finding that quantifies how and where discord acts would strengthen the case for its importance, says Acn. We suspect it acts only in cases where there is specialitylike in quantum level. Other mundane world happenings take place amidst all discord and noise. Nobody bothers because it is run of the mill But for selective and important issues one needs calm and non disturbance and doing all things amidst this worldly chaos we portend is Khuda Allah or Brahman And we feel that Quantum Mechanics is a subjective science and teaches this philosophy much better than others. But if these tests find discord wanting, the mystery of how entanglement-free computation works will be reopened. "The search would have to begin for yet another quantum property," he adds. Vedral notes that even if Du and Ma's latest experiments are a success, the real game-changer will be discord-based algorithms for factorization and search tasks, similar to the functions devised by Shor and Grover that originally ignited the field of quantum computing. "My gut feeling is that tasks such as these will ultimately need entanglement," says Vedral. "Though as yet there is no proof that they can't be done with discord alone." Zurek says that discord can be thought of as a complement to entanglement, rather than as a usurper. "There is no longer a question that discord works," he declares. "The important thing now is to find out when discord without entanglement can be (eb)exploited most usefully, and when entanglement is essential. ,and produces Quantum Computation" Notation : Space And Time : Category One Of Time :Category Two Of Time : Category Three Of Time : Category One Of Space : Category Two Of Space : Category Three Of Space Mass And Energy : Category One Of Energy : Category Two Of Energy : Category Three Of Energy : Category One Of Matter : Category Two Of Matter : Category Three Of Matter Quantum Gravity And Perception: ========================================================================== :Category One Of Perception :Category Two Of Perception : Category Three Of Perception
2 1

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: Category One Of Quantum Gravity : Category Two Of Quantum Gravity : Category Three Of Quantum Gravity

Strong Nuclear Force And Weak Nuclear Force: ========================================================================== : Category One Of Weak Nuclear Force : Category Two Of Weak Nuclear Force : Category Three Of Weak Nuclear Force :Category One Of Strong Nuclear Force : Category Two Of Strong Nuclear Force : Category Three Of Strong Nuclear Force
4

Electromagnetism And Gravity: ========================================================================== : Category One Of Gravity : Category Two Of Gravity : Category Three Of Gravity : Category One Of Electromagnetism : Category Two Of Electromagnetism : Category Three Of Electromagnetism
5

Vacuum Energy And Quantum Field: ========================================================================== : Category One Of Quantum Field : Category Two Of Quantum Field : Category Three Of Quantum Field : Category One Of Vacuum Energy : Category Two Of Vacuum Energy : Category Three Of Vacuum Energy
6

Accentuation Coefficients: ========================================================================== ( ( ( ( )( )( )( )(


) ) ) )

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Dissipation Coefficients ==========================================================================

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Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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( ( ( (

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11 12 13 14 15 16

) )

First augmentation factor First detritions factor

Governing Equations: Of The System Mass (Matter) And Energy The differential system of this model is now ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) (( )( )( )( )( )( )(
)

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18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

First augmentation factor First detritions factor

Governing Equations: Of The System Quantum Gravity And Perception The differential system of this model is now ( ( ( )( )( )(
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[( [( [(

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26 27 28

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Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) (

)( )( )(

[( [( [( ) )

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29 30 31 32 33

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Governing Equations: Of The System Strong Nuclear Force And Weak Nuclear Force: The differential system of this model is now

( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( )( ) (

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34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

First augmentation factor First detritions factor

)( ) ((

Governing Equations: Of The System Electromagnetism And Gravity: The differential system of this model is now ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) (( )( )( )( )( )( )(
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42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

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Governing Equations: Of The System Vacuum Energy And Quantum Field: The differential system of this model is now ( )(
)

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50

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Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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( ( ( ( ( ( ( )( ) (

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Concatenated Governing Equations Of The Global System Space-Time-Mass-Energy-Quantum Gravity-Perception-Strong Nuclear Force Weak Nuclear Force-Electromagnetism-GravityVacuum Energy And Quantum Field

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Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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Where
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Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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( ( )( ) [ ( ( ( [
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(
( ( ( ( 3 ( ( )( )(
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)( (

( )(
) ) ) ( ( ( ),

)( ) (
)

) )
)( ) (
) )

( )(
)

)(
)

) ( ) ( )(

)(

) )

) )

88

(
( )( )( )(

]
89

)( ) ( ( (
) )

( )( )( )( )( )
( ) )

)( ) ( ( (
)

) ) ( (
)

( (
)

) ) (
)

(
)

) , (
)

) (
)

)( )
(

) (

are fifth detrition coefficients for category 1,2,3 ) are sixth detrition coefficients for category 1,2,3

(
( )

) (

(
)

) (

( ( [ ( ( (

)(

(
) )

)( ) ( ( )( ) (
)

) ) ( ) ) ( ) ) (
)

( )( ( )( ( )(

)(

) )

) )

( (

)( )(

(
) )

) ( )
)

90

)( )( (

(
) )

]
91

( )

)(

) ) ) )

( ( ( (

)( )( )( )(

( (

)( )(
)

( )( ) (

( (

) )

]
92

(
)

)(

) )

(
)

(
(

)(
)( ) (

[
) (

(
)( ) (

)(
)

]
93

)( ) (

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

253

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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( and 3 (

)(

)(

)(

) are fourth augmentation coefficients for category 1,2,

)(

)(

)(

) are fifth augmentation coefficients for category

1,2,and 3 ( )(
)

(
)

)(

)(

) are sixth augmentation coefficients for category 1,2, 3

)(

( ( ( ( ( (
(

)(

)( ) (
)

) ) ( ) ) ( ) )
)( ) (

( )( ( )( ( )(
)

)(
)

) ( ) (

)( )( )( )( )( )(

(
)

) ( ) ( ) ) ( ) )

94

)( )(
)

(
)

]
95

)(

)( ) (
)

)(
)

) ( ) (

(
)

)( )(
)

(
)

]
96

(
(

)(
)( ) (

[
)

)( ) (
)

)(
)

) ( ) (

(
)

)(
)( ) ( )

(
(

]
97

)(

)(

)(

( ( ( (

)( )( )
(

(
) ) )

) ( ( ) )

( ( (

)( )( )
(

(
)

) (
) )

( ( )

)( )( ( )

(
)

) (
) )

) (

) are fourth detrition coefficients for category 1,2, and 3 ( ) are fifth detrition coefficients for category 1,2, and 3 ) are sixth detrition coefficients for category 1,2, and 3

)(

) , (

)(

) (

)(

)( )

( ( ( ( ( (

)( )( )( )( )( )(
)
)

)( ) (
)(

) ) ( ) ) ( ) )
)

( )( ( )( ( )(

)(

)( )(

) ) ) ) ) )

( ( ( ( ( (

)( )( )( )( )( )(

)( )( )( )( )( )(

) ) ) ) ) )

98

]
99

)(

)( ) (
)(

)(

)( )(

]
100

(
( ( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( )( )( )( )(
)

)(

[
( ) ) ( ( ) ) ), ( ( (

)( ) (
)(

)(

)( )(

]
101

) ( (
) ) )

)( ) ( )( )( )( )( )(

( ) )
) )

)( ) ( ( ( ) ) ) )( )( ( (

(
)

(
)

) ( )
) )

( ( (

( ( (

)( )( )(

( ( (

) - are fourth augmentation coefficients ) - fifth augmentation coefficients ) sixth augmentation coefficients

254

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

www.iiste.org

( )

( ( ( ( ( (

)( )( )( )( )( )(
)
)

)( ) (
)

) ( ) ( )(

)(

) )

) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (

)( )( )( )( )( )(

(
)

) ( )
)

102

( (

]
103

( )

)( ) (
)

) ( ) ( )(

)(

) )

( (

( (

) )

]
104

(
( ( ( ( 3 ( and 3 ( and 3 )( )( )( ) ( )( )( )(
)

( )

[
( )( ) ( ( ( ) ( )( )(

)( ) (
)

) ( )
)

)(

) )

(
)

)(

]
105

) ( (
)

( ) )
)

)( ) ( ( ( ) ( )( )( )(

) ) (

(
)

(
)

) (
)

( (

) ( ) are fourth detrition coefficients for category 1, 2, and

)(

),

)(

)(

) are fifth detrition coefficients for category 1, 2,

) , (

)(

) (

)(

) are sixth detrition coefficients for category 1, 2,

Where we suppose (A) ( )(


)

( )(

)( )(
) ) )

( )(

( )(

)(

106

(B)

The functions (
)

( (

)( ) are positive continuous increasing and bounded. )(


) )

Definition of ( )( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ( )( ) ( )

( )( ) : ( )( ( )( ) ( )(
)

( )(

(
)

)(

(C)

)( ) ( )
)

( )(

107

Definition of ( Where (

)(

(
)

)( ) : )(
)

)(

( )(

( )(

are positive constants and


108

They satisfy Lipschitz condition: ( ( ( [( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )(


)

) ) (

)( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )

) ( ) (

( )(
)

)(

) (

( )( )

)( )

With the Lipschitz condition, we place a restriction on the behavior of functions ) and( ( ) and ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) are points belonging to the interval ) is uniformly continuous. In the eventuality of ) , the first augmentation coefficient )( ) ] . It is to be noted that ( )(
)

109

the fact, that if (

then the function (

255

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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would be absolutely continuous. Definition of ( (D)


( (

)(
)

( )(
)

)( ) : are positive constants

110

(
)( ) )( )

)(
( (

(
)( ) )

)( )

Definition of ( )( (E) ( )(
)

(
)

)( ) : )( ) which together
)

111

There exists two constants ( )( ) and ( )(


) )

with (

(
)

)(

( )(
)

and (
)

)(
)

and the constants

( )(

( )(
) )

( )(
) )

( )( ( (

( )(
) )

satisfy the inequalities


( ( )( ) )( )

( )( ( )(

( )( ( )(

)( )(

( )( ) ( ( )(
)

)(

) )

)(

Where we suppose (F) (G) ( )(


)

( )(

)( )(
)

( )(

( )(

)(

The functions (
)

)( ) are positive continuous increasing and bounded.


112

Definition of ( )( ( ( (H) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ) ( )( ) ((

( )( ) :
) )

( )( ( )(

( ( )( )

( )

113

( ( )(
) )

)(

114 115 116 117

)( ) ( ) ) )(
)

( )( )( ) : ( )(
)

Definition of ( Where ( )(
)

( )(
)

( )( ) are positive constants and

They satisfy Lipschitz condition: ( ( )( ) ( )( ) (( ) ) ( ) )( ) ( ( )( ) (( ) ( ) ) )( (


) ( )( )

118
( )( )

)(

119

With the Lipschitz condition, we place a restriction on the behavior of functions ( and( )( ) ( ) .( )( ) ( )( ) (
)

)( ) ( )(
)

) )( ) ] . It is )(
)

120

) and (

) are points belonging to the interval [(

to be noted that (

) is uniformly continuous. In the eventuality of the fact, that if (

then the function ( continuous. Definition of ( (I) (


( )( ) ( )( )

) , the SECOND first augmentation coefficient would be absolutely )( ) :

)(
)

( )(
)

)(

are positive constants

121

( )( ) ( )( ) )

Definition of ( )(

)( ) :

122

256

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012
There exists two constants ( )( ) and ( with ( ( )(
)

www.iiste.org

)( ) which together )(
) )

)(

) )

( ( )(
) )

)(
)

( )(
)

) )

( ( )(
) )

and the constants

( )(

( )(
) )

( )( ( (

satisfy the inequalities


( ( )( ) )( )

( )( ( )(

( )( ( )(

)( )(

( )( ) ( ( )(
)

)(

) )

123 124

)(

Where we suppose (J) ( )(


)

( )( )(
( ) )

( )(
( ) ) ) )

)(

( )(

( )(

)(

125

The functions ( Definition of ( ) ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ( ( ) ) )( ) ( )( ) (

( ( )

are positive continuous increasing and bounded. (


) )

: )(
) )

( )( ( )( ) ) )( (
)

( )(

)(

( )( ( )( ( )(
)

126

Definition of ( Where ( )(
)

)( ) : ( )(
)

( )(

are positive constants and


127

They satisfy Lipschitz condition: )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ( ) ( )(


) ) ( )( ) ( )( )

( (

) )

( (

)(

With the Lipschitz condition, we place a restriction on the behavior of functions ( and( ) .( )( ) ( )( ) (
)

)( ) ( )(
)

) )( ) ] . It is )(
)

128

) And (

) are points belonging to the interval [(

to be noted that (

) is uniformly continuous. In the eventuality of the fact, that if ( ) , the THIRD augmentation coefficient attributable would be )( ) :
)

then the function ( absolutely continuous. Definition of ( (K)


( (

)(
)

( )(

129

(
)( ) )( )

)(
( (

are positive constants

)( ) )( )

There exists two constants There exists two constants ( ( ( ) )(


( ) )

)( ) and (

)( ) which together with

130

(
( )

)(

( )( ( )
) )

( ( ) ( (
( )

)(

and the constants

( )

( )
) )

( )

( )

( )
) )

( )

satisfy the inequalities


( ( )( ) )( )

( )( ( )(

( )( ( )(

)( )(

( (

)( ) ( )(
)

)(

) )

)(

257

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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Where we suppose (L) (M) ( )(


)

( )(
)

)( )(
) ) )

( )(

( )(

)(

131

The functions ( )( ) ( )( ) (( ( ( ( )(

( (

)( ) are positive continuous increasing and bounded. )( ( )(


) ) ) )

Definition of ( )( ( ( )

( )( ) : ( )( ) ) ) ( )(
)

) ) )( ) (

( )(

132

)( ) ((

( )( )( ) : ( )(
)

Definition of ( Where ( )(
)

)( (

( )(
)

( )(

are positive constants and


133

They satisfy Lipschitz condition: ( ( )( ) ( )( ) (( ) ) ( ) )( ) ( ( )( ) (( ) ( ) ) )( (


) ( )( )

)(

)( )

With the Lipschitz condition, we place a restriction on the behavior of functions ( and( )( ) ( ) .( )( ) ( )( ) ( )(
) )

)( ) ( )(
)

) )( ) ] . It is
)

134

) and (

) are points belonging to the interval [(

to be noted that ( then the function ( continuous. Definition of ( (N)


( ( )( ) )( )

) is uniformly continuous. In the eventuality of the fact, that if ( )( ) , the FOURTH augmentation coefficient would be absolutely )( ) :
)

( )(

135

(
( (

)(
)( ) )( )

are positive constants

Definition of ( (O) ( ( )( )(
) )

)(
)

(
) )

)( ) : )( ) and ( )(
)

136

There exists two constants ( (


)

)(

which together with

)(

( )(
)

( ( )( ( (
)

and the constants


)

( )(

( )(
) )

( )(
) )

( )(
) )

satisfy the inequalities


( ( )( ) )( )

( )( ( )(

( )( ( )(

)( )(

( (

)( ) ( )(
)

)(

) )

)(

Where we suppose (P) (Q) ( )(


)

( )(
)

)( )(
) ) )

( )(

( )(

)(

137

The functions ( )( ) ( )( ) (( ( )(

( (

)( ) are positive continuous increasing and bounded. )( ( )(


) )

Definition of ( )( ( ( )

( )( ) : ( )( ( )(
)

) )

258

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138

(R) ( Definition of ( Where ( )(


)

( )( ) (

)( ) ( ) )(
)

) ( )( )( ) : ( )(
)

( )(
)

( )(
)

( )(

are positive constants and


139

They satisfy Lipschitz condition: ( ( )( ) ( )( ) (( ) ) ) ( ( )( ) ( )( ) (( ) ( ) ) )( (


) ( )( )

)(

)( )

With the Lipschitz condition, we place a restriction on the behavior of functions ( and( )( ) ( ) .( )( ) ( )( ) (
)

)( ) ( )(
)

) )( ) ] . It is )(
)

140

) and (

) are points belonging to the interval [(

to be noted that (

) is uniformly continuous. In the eventuality of the fact, that if ( ) , the FIFTH augmentation coefficient would be absolutely )( ) :
)

then the function ( continuous. Definition of ( (S)


( (

)(
)

( )(

141

(
)( ) )( )

)(
( (

are positive constants

)( ) )( )

Definition of ( (T) ( ( )(
( (

)(
)

(
) )

)( ) : )( ) and ( )(
)

142

There exists two constants ( )(


) )

)(

which together with

(
)

)(

( )(
)

( ( )( ( (
)

and the constants


)

( )(

( )(
) )

( )(
) )

( )(
) )

satisfy the inequalities )( ) ( )(


)

)( ) )( )

( )( ( )(

( )( ( )(

)( )(

( (

)(

) )

)(

Where we suppose ( )( (U)


)

( )(

)(
)

( )( )(
)

) )

( )( ( (

)(

143

The functions ( )( ) ( )( ) (( ( )(

)( ) are positive continuous increasing and bounded. )(


) )

Definition of ( )( ( ( )

( )( ) : ( )( )( ) ( ) )
) )

) ) (

( )( )

(
)

)(

144

(V) (

( )( ( )(
)

)( ) (( )(

Definition of ( Where (

(
)

)( ) : )(
)

)(

( )(

( )(

are positive constants and


145

They satisfy Lipschitz condition:

259

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( (

)( ) ( )( ) ((

) )

( )

)( ) ( ( )( ) ((

( ) )

)( (

)( )

)(

)( )

With the Lipschitz condition, we place a restriction on the behavior of functions ( and( )( ) ( ) .( )( ) ( )( ) (
)

)( ) ( )(
)

) )( ) ] . It is )(
)

146

) And (

) are points belonging to the interval [(

to be noted that (

) is uniformly continuous. In the eventuality of the fact, that if ( ) , the SIXTH augmentation coefficient would be absolutely )( ) :

then the function ( continuous. Definition of ( ( )(


( ( )

)(
)

147

)(
( (

are positive constants

)( ) )( )

)( ) )( )

Definition of ( ( ( )( )(
) )

)(
)

(
) )

)( ) : )( ) and ( ( ( )( ( (
)

148

There exists two constants ( (


)

)(
)

which together with

)(

( )(
)

)(

and the constants

( )(

( )(
) )

( )(
) )

( )(
) )

satisfy the inequalities


( ( )( ) )( )

( )( ( )(

( )( ( )(

)( )(

( (

)( ) ( )(
)

)(

) )

)(

Theorem 1: if the conditions (A)-(E) above are fulfilled, there exists a solution satisfying the conditions Definition of ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( )
( ) ( ) (

149

( ):
)( ) )( )

, ,

( ) ( )
150

)(

If the conditions (F)-(J) above are fulfilled, there exists a solution satisfying the conditions Definition of ( ) ( ) ( )( ( ( ( )( ( )
) ( ) (

( )
)( ) )( )

, ,

( ) ( )
151

If the conditions (K)-(O) above are fulfilled, there exists a solution satisfying the conditions ( ) ( ) )( )(
) ( ) ( )( ) )( )

, ,

( ) ( )
152

If the conditions (P)-(T) above are fulfilled, there exists a solution satisfying the conditions Definition of ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) (

( ):
)( ) )( )

, ,

( ) ( )

)(

260

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If the conditions (U)-(Y) above are fulfilled, there exists a solution satisfying the conditions Definition of ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) (

153

( ):
)( ) )( )

, ,

( ) ( )
154

)(

Theorem 1: if the conditions (Y)-(X4) above are fulfilled, there exists a solution satisfying the conditions Definition of ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) (

( ):
)( ) )( ) ( )

, ,

( ) ( ) defined on the space of sextuples of continuous functions ( )(


)

)(

Proof: Consider operator which satisfy ( ) ( ) ( ) By ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () Where Proof: Consider operator which satisfy ( ) ( ) ( ) By ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [( [( [( [( )( )( )( )(
) ) ) ) ( ) ( )

155

( ) ( )( ( )(
) ( ) (

)(

156 157 158 159

)( ) )( )

[( [( [( [( [( [(

)( )( )( )( )( )(
) ) )

) ) )

( ( ( ( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

)) )) )) )) )) ))

(( (( (( (( (( ((

)( )( )( )( )( )(

) )

)( ) ( ( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ( )( ) ( ( )( ) ( (

( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

)) )) )) )) )) )) ( ( (

( ( (

) )) ) )) ) )) ) )) ) )) ) ))

( ( ( ( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

) )] ) )] ) )] ( ( (

( ( ( ) ) )

) ) )

160 161 162 163 164

) ) ) )

) )] ) )] ) )]

is the integrand that is integrated over an interval (

defined on the space of sextuples of continuous functions

( ) ( )( ( )(
) ( ) (

( )(
)( ) )( )

)(

165 166 167 168

( ( ( (
(

( ( (

)) )) )) ))

(( (( (( ((

)( )( )( )(
) ) )

)( ) ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( (

( ( (
(

( ( (

)) )) )) )) (

( ( (

) )) ) )) ) )) ) ))

( ( ( (
(

( ( (

) )] ) )] ) )]

( ( ( ( )

) ) )

169 170 171

) )]

261

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( ) ( ) Where Proof:
( )

[( [(

)( )(

) )

( (

( (

)) ))

(( ((

)( )(

) )

( (

)( ) ( ( )( ) ( (

( (

)) ))

( (

) )) ) ))

( (

( (

) )] ) )]

( (

) )

172 173

is the integrand that is integrated over an interval (

Consider operator which satisfy ( ) ( ) ( ) By ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () Where


( )

( )

defined on the space of sextuples of continuous functions ( )( )(


) ( ) ( )( ) )( )

( ) ( (

)(

)(

174 175 176 177

[( [( [( [( [( [(

)( )( )( )( )( )(
) ) )

) ) )

( ( ( ( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

)) )) )) )) )) ))

(( (( (( (( (( ((

)( )( )( )( )( )(

) )

)( ) ( ( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ( )( ) ( ( )( ) ( (

( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

)) )) )) )) )) )) ( ( (

( ( (

) )) ) )) ) )) ) )) ) )) ) ))

( ( ( ( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

) )] ) )] ) )] ( ( (

( ( ( ) ) )

) ) )

178 179 180 181 182

) ) ) )

) )] ) )] ) )]

is the integrand that is integrated over an interval (


( )

Proof: Consider operator which satisfy ( ) ( ) ( ) By ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () Where


( )

defined on the space of sextuples of continuous functions

( ) ( ( )( )(
) ( ) (

(
)( ) )( )

)(

)(

183 184 185 186

[( [( [( [( [( [(

)( )( )( )( )( )(

) ) )

( ( ( ( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

)) )) )) )) )) ))

(( (( (( (( (( ((

)( )( )( )( )( )(

) )

)( ) ( ( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ( )( ) ( ( )( ) ( (

( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

)) )) )) )) )) )) ( ( (

( ( (

) )) ) )) ) )) ) )) ) )) ) ))

( ( ( ( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

) )] ) )] ) )] ( ( (

( ( ( ) ) )

) ) )

187 188 189 190 191

) ) ) )

) ) )

) )] ) )] ) )]

is the integrand that is integrated over an interval (

262

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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Proof: Consider operator which satisfy ( ) ( ) ( ) By ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () Where Proof: Consider operator which satisfy ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () Where (a) ( ) ( (
( ) ( ) ( )

( )

defined on the space of sextuples of continuous functions ( )(


)

( ) ( ( )( )(
) ( ) (

)(

192 193 194 195

)( ) )( )

[( [( [( [( [( [(

)( )( )( )( )( )(

) ) )

( ( ( ( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

)) )) )) )) )) ))

(( (( (( (( (( ((

)( )( )( )( )( )(

) )

)( ) ( ( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ( )( ) ( ( )( ) ( (

( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

)) )) )) )) )) )) ( ( (

( ( (

) )) ) )) ) )) ) )) ) )) ) ))

( ( ( ( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

) )] ) )] ) )]

( ( ( ( ( ( ) ) )

) ) )

196 197 198 199 200

) ) ) )

) ) )

) )] ) )] ) )]

is the integrand that is integrated over an interval (

defined on the space of sextuples of continuous functions ( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )(


) ( ) ( ) ) ) ) ) ) )( ) )( )

( ) ( ( [( [( [( [( [( [(

)(

)(

201 202 203

( ( ( ( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

)) )) )) )) )) ))

(( (( (( (( (( ((

)( )( )( )( )( )(

) )

)( ) ( ( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ( )( ) ( ( )( ) ( (

( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

)) )) )) )) )) )) ( ( (

( ( (

) )) ) )) ) )) ) )) ) )) ) ))

( ( ( ( ( (
( ( (

( ( (

) )] ) )] ) )] ( ( (

( ( ( ) ) )

) ) )

204 205 206 207 208 209

) ) ) )

) )] ) )] ) )]

is the integrand that is integrated over an interval (


( )

The operator [( )(
)

maps the space of functions satisfying 3into itself .Indeed it is obvious that ( )(
) ( )( ) ( )( )
)

)( ) (
(

)] )

)( ) ( )( ) ( ( ( )( )

From which it follows that

210

263

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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( (

( )

)( )

( (

)( ) )(

)( ) [((

)( )

( )( ) ]

) is as defined in the statement of theorem 1

Analogous inequalities hold also for (b) ( )


(

The operator [(
)( )

( )

maps the space of functions satisfying into itself .Indeed it is obvious that ( )(
) ( )( ) (
)

)( ) ( )

)]

)(

)( ) ( )( ) ( ( ( )( )

From which it follows that ( ( ) )


( )( ) ( ( )( )

[(( )( )

( )

)( )

( )( ) ]

Analogous inequalities hold also for (a) ( ) ( ( The operator [( )(


) ( )

maps the space of functions satisfying into itself .Indeed it is obvious that ( )( (
) ( ( )( ) ( )( )
)

)( ) (
(

)] )

)( ) ( )( ) ( )( )

From which it follows that ( ( ) )


( )( ) ( ( )( )

211

[(( )( )

( )

)( )

)( ) ]

Analogous inequalities hold also for (b) ( ) ( ( The operator [( )(


) ( )

maps the space of functions satisfying into itself .Indeed it is obvious that ( )(
) ( )( ) ( )( )
)

)( ) (
(

)] )

)( ) ( )( ) ( ( ( )( )

From which it follows that ( ( (c) ( ) ( ( ( ) )


( )( ) ( ( )( )

[(( )( )

( )

)( )

)( ) ]

) is as defined in the statement of theorem NUMBERED ONE The operator [( )(


) ( )

maps the space of functions satisfying into itself .Indeed it is obvious that ( )(
) ( )( ) ( )( )
)

)( ) (
(

)] )

)( ) ( )( ) ( ( ( )( )

From which it follows that ( ( (d) ( ) )


( )( ) ( ( )( ) )(

) [((

( )

)( )

)( ) ]

) is as defined in the statement of theorem 1 The operator


( )

maps the space of functions satisfying into itself .Indeed it is obvious that

212

264

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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( ) ( (

[( )(
)

)( ) (
(

)(

) (

)( ) ( )( )

)] )

)( ) ( )( ) ( ( ( )( )

From which it follows that ( ( ( ) )


( )( ) ( ( )( ) )(

) [((

)(

)( )

)( ) ]

) is as defined in the statement of theorem ONE


( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )

Analogous inequalities hold also for It is now sufficient to take ( )(


)

and to choose

( )
( )

)( ) large to have (( )
( )

( )( ) [( ( )( )

)
( )( )

)( )

( )(

( )( ) [(( ( )( )

)(

)( ) ]

)(

In order that the operator into itself The operator ((


( ) ( ) ( )

( )

transforms the space of sextuples of functions

satisfying 34,35,36

is a contraction with respect to the metric


( ) ( ) ( )

)(

))
( )( )

( )

( )

( )|

( )

( )

( )

( )|

)( )

Indeed if we denote Definition of : It results |


( )

213

( )
( )

( )

)
( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) (
) )

( )| )( ) |
( )

)( ) |
( )

( )

)( ) (

( (
( )

)( ) ( ( )

)( ) ( (
(

( )

) )| (

( ) ))

)( ) ( (

) )

)( ) (
)

( )

)( ) (

( )

))

)( ) (

)( ) (

Where

represents integrand that is integrated over the interval


)( )

From the hypotheses it follows |


( ( ) ( )

| )(

( )

(( )( )

)(

( )(

( )( ) ( )( ) ) ((

( )

( )

( )

( )

))

And analogous inequalities for Remark 1: The fact that we supposed (

. Taking into account the hypothesis the result follows )(


)

)( ) depending also on can be considered as not

conformal with the reality, however we have put this hypothesis ,in order that we can postulate condition

265

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

www.iiste.org

necessary to prove the uniqueness of the solution bounded by ( )( respectively of If instead of proving the existence of the solution on suffices to consider that ( ( )(
)

) (

)( )

( )(

) (

)( )

, we have to prove it only on a compact then it depend only on and respectively on

)(

) and hypothesis can replaced by a usual Lipschitz condition. where ( ) ( )


214

Remark 2: There does not exist any From 19 to 24 it results ( ) ( )


[ {( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ( (

)) (

) )}

)]

)( ) ) ( )

for ) (( )( ) ) (( )( ) ) : . indeed if and by integrating


)

Definition of (( ) Remark 3: if

is bounded, the same property have also (( )( ) ) ( ( )(


)

( )( ) it follows (( )( ) ) (( )( ) ) If Remark 4: If

)( ) (( )( ) ) ( )( ) (( )( ) ) (

)(

In the same way , one can obtain ( )(


)

is bounded, the same property follows for

and

respectively. The proof is ( )( ) then

bounded, from below, the same property holds for (( )( ) ( ( ) ))

analogous with the preceding one. An analogous property is true if Remark 5: If Definition of ( )( Indeed let ( )
( )

is bounded from below.

is bounded from below and


)

: ( )
)

be so that for ( )( ) ( ( ) ) )( ) ( )( )( ) if ( )(
)

Then ( (
(

which leads to ) If we take By taking now (


( )( ) ( )( )

)( ) ( )( ) )( ) ( )( )

such that

it results is unbounded.

sufficiently small one sees that ( )(


)

The same property holds for

)( ) ( ( ) )

We now state a more precise theorem about the behaviors at infinity of the solutions It is now sufficient to take ( )(
( ( )( ) ) ( )( ) ( )( )

and to choose

215

( )(
)

)( ) large to have (( )(
)

[( )( )

)( )

( )(

266

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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( )( ) [(( ( )( )

( )

)( )

)( ) ]

)(

In order that the operator into itself The operator ((( )( |


) ( )

( )

transforms the space of sextuples of functions

satisfying 34,35,36

is a contraction with respect to the metric )( ( )|


)

(
( )

)( ) ) (( ( )
( )

)( ) ))
)( )

( )

( )

( )

( )|

)( )

Indeed if we denote Definition of : ( ) It results |


( ) ( )

(
)( ) ( )( ) (
) )

)
216
)( ) (

( )| )( ) |
( )

)( ) |
( )

( ) )( ) ( ( )

( )

( ( )( ) (

( (
( )

)( ) ( (
(

( )

) )| (

( ) ))

)( ) ( (

) )

)( ) (
)

( )

)( ) (

( )

))

)( ) (

)( ) (

Where

represents integrand that is integrated over the interval


( )( ) )

From the hypotheses it follows |(


(

)(

( )(

)( ) |
)

(( )( )

)(

( )(

( )( ) ( )( ) ) (((

)(

)(

)(

)( ) ))

And analogous inequalities for follows Remark 1: The fact that we supposed (

. Taking into account the hypothesis (34,35,36) the result )(


)

)( ) depending also on can be considered as not


) ( )( )

conformal with the reality, however we have put this hypothesis ,in order that we can postulate condition necessary to prove the uniqueness of the solution bounded by ( )( respectively of If instead of proving the existence of the solution on suffices to consider that ( ( )( )(
)

)(

) (

)( )

, we have to prove it only on a compact then it depend only on and respectively on

)(

) and hypothesis can replaced by a usual Lipschitz condition. where () ()

Remark 2: There does not exist any From global equations it results () ()
[ {( ( ( )( ) ( ( (
)) ( ) )}

)]

)( ) )

for (( )( ) ) : . indeed if

Definition of (( )( ) ) (( )( ) ) Remark 3: if

is bounded, the same property have also

267

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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( )( ) it follows (( )( ) ) (( )( ) ) If Remark 4: If (

(( )( ) )

)(

and by integrating
)

)( ) (( )( ) ) ( )( ) (( )( ) ) (

)(

In the same way , one can obtain ( )(


)

is bounded, the same property follows for

and

respectively. The proof is ( )( ) then

bounded, from below, the same property holds for (( )( ) (( )( ) ))

analogous with the preceding one. An analogous property is true if Remark 5: If Definition of ( )( Indeed let ( )
( )

is bounded from below.

is bounded from below and


)

: )( ) )
)

be so that for ( )( ) (( ( () ( )(
)

Then ( (
(

)( ) ( ) ( )(

which leads to ) If we take By taking now if ( )( ) (( such that it results is unbounded.

)( ) ( )( ) )( ) ( )( )

sufficiently small one sees that )( ) ) ( )(


)

The same property holds for

We now state a more precise theorem about the behaviors at infinity of the solutions of equations 37 to 42 It is now sufficient to take ( )(
) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )

and to choose

217

( )
( )

)( ) large to have (( )(
)

( )( ) [( ( )( )

)
( )( )

)( )

)(

( )( ) [(( ( )( )

)(

)( ) ]

)(

In order that the operator into itself The operator ((( )( |


) ( )

( )

transforms the space of sextuples of functions

satisfying 34,35,36

is a contraction with respect to the metric )( ( )|


)

(
( )

)( ) ) (( ( )
( )

)( ) ))
)( )

( )

( )

( )

( )|

)( )

Indeed if we denote Definition of :( () ( ) ) It results


( )

((

)(

))

268

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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( )

( )| )( ) |

(
( ) ) )| (

)( ) |
( )

( ) )( ) ( )

( )

( ( )( ) (

)( ) ( )( )
) ( )

)( ) (

( (
( )

)( ) ( (
(

( )

( ) ))

)( ) ( (

) )

)( ) (
)

( )

)( ) (

( )

))

)( ) (

)( ) (

Where

represents integrand that is integrated over the interval


)( )

From the hypotheses it follows |


( ( ) ( )

| )(

( )

218

(( )( )

)(

)(

( )( ) ( )( ) ) (((

)(

)(

)(

)( ) ))

And analogous inequalities for follows Remark 1: The fact that we supposed (

. Taking into account the hypothesis (34,35,36) the result )(


)

)( ) depending also on can be considered as not


) ( )( )

conformal with the reality, however we have put this hypothesis ,in order that we can postulate condition necessary to prove the uniqueness of the solution bounded by ( )( respectively of If instead of proving the existence of the solution on suffices to consider that ( ( )( )
( )

( )(

) (

)( )

, we have to prove it only on a compact then it depend only on and respectively on

( )

) and hypothesis can replaced by a usual Lipschitz condition. where ( ) ( )

Remark 2: There does not exist any From 19 to 24 it results ( ) ( )


[ {( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ( (

)) (

) )}

)]

)( ) )

for (( )( ) ) : . indeed if and by integrating


)

Definition of (( )( ) ) (( )( ) ) Remark 3: if

is bounded, the same property have also (( )( ) ) ( ( )(


)

( )( ) it follows (( )( ) ) (( )( ) ) If Remark 4: If

)( ) (( )( ) ) ( )( ) (( )( ) ) (

)(

In the same way , one can obtain ( )(


)

is bounded, the same property follows for

and

respectively. The proof is ( )( ) then

bounded, from below, the same property holds for (( )


( )

analogous with the preceding one. An analogous property is true if Remark 5: If Definition of ( )( Indeed let ( )(
)

is bounded from below. )( ) ))

is bounded from below and


)

((

: )( ) ) ( ) ( )(
)

be so that for ( )( ) ((

269

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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Then ( (
(

)( ) ( ) ( )( )

which leads to ) If we take By taking now if (


( )( ) ( )( )

)( ) ( )( ) )( ) ( )( )

such that

it results is unbounded.

sufficiently small one sees that )( ) ) ( )(


)

The same property holds for

)( ) ((

We now state a more precise theorem about the behaviors at infinity of the solutions It is now sufficient to take ( )(
) ( )( ) ( )( )

and to choose

219

( )(
)

)( ) large to have (( )(
)

( )( ) [( ( )( )

)
( )( )

)( )

)(

( )( ) [(( ( )( )

( )

)( ) ]

)(

In order that the operator The operator ((( )( |


) ( )

( )

transforms the space of sextuples of functions

into itself

is a contraction with respect to the metric )( ( )|


)

(
( )

)( ) ) (( ( )
( )

)( ) ))
)( )

( )

( )

( )

( )|

)( )

Indeed if we denote Definition of () ( ) : ( () ( ) ) It results |


( ) ( )

((
(

)(
)( ) (

))

( )| )( ) |

(
( ) ) )| (

)( ) |
( )

( ) )( ) ( )

( )

( ( )( ) (

)( ) ( )( )
) ( )

( (
( )

)( ) ( (
(

( )

( ) ))

)( ) ( (

) )

)( ) (
)

( )

)( ) (

( )

))

)( ) (

)( ) (

Where

represents integrand that is integrated over the interval


)( ) )

From the hypotheses it follows |(


(

)(

( )(

)( ) |
)

(( )( )

)(

)(

( )( ) ( )( ) ) (((

)(

)(

)(

)( ) ))

And analogous inequalities for Remark 1: The fact that we supposed (

. Taking into account the hypothesis the result follows )(


)

)( ) depending also on can be considered as not


) ( )( )

conformal with the reality, however we have put this hypothesis ,in order that we can postulate condition necessary to prove the uniqueness of the solution bounded by ( )( ( )(
) ( )( )

270

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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respectively of If instead of proving the existence of the solution on suffices to consider that ( ( )( )(
)

, we have to prove it only on a compact then it depend only on and respectively on

)(

) and hypothesis can replaced by a usual Lipschitz condition. where ( ) ( )

Remark 2: There does not exist any From 19 to 24 it results ( ) ( )


[ {( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ( (

)) (

) )}

)]

)( ) ) ( )

for ) (( )( ) ) (( )( ) ) : . indeed if and by integrating


)

Definition of (( ) Remark 3: if

is bounded, the same property have also (( )( ) ) ( ( )(


)

( )( ) it follows (( )( ) ) (( )( ) ) If

)( ) (( )( ) ) ( )( ) (( )( ) ) (

)(

In the same way , one can obtain ( )(


)

is bounded, the same property follows for

and

respectively.

Remark 4: If bounded, from below, the same property holds for The proof is analogous with the preceding one. An analogous property is true if is bounded from below. Remark 5: If is bounded from below and
)

((

)( ) ((

)( ) ))

)( ) then

Definition of ( )( Indeed let ( )(


)

: )( ) )
)

be so that for ( )( ) (( ( ( ) ( )(
)

Then ( (
(

)( ) ( ) ( )( )

which leads to ) If we take By taking now if ( )( ) (( such that it results is unbounded.

)( ) ( )( ) )( ) ( )( )

sufficiently small one sees that )( ) ) ( )(


)

The same property holds for

We now state a more precise theorem about the behaviors at infinity of the solutions ANALOGOUS inequalities hold also for It is now sufficient to take ( )(
) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )

and to choose

220

( )(
)

)( ) large to have (( )(
)

( )( ) [( ( )( )

)
( )( )

)( )

)(

( )( ) [(( ( )( )

( )

)( ) ]

)(

271

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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In order that the operator The operator ((( )( |


) ( )

( )

transforms the space of sextuples of functions

into itself

is a contraction with respect to the metric )( ( )|


)

(
( )

)( ) ) (( ( )
( )

)( ) ))
)( )

( )

( )

( )

( )|

)( )

Indeed if we denote Definition of () ( ) : ( () ( ) ) It results |


( ) ( )

((
(

)(
)( ) (

))

( )| )( ) |

(
( ) ) )| (

)( ) |
( )

( ) )( ) ( )

( )

( ( )( ) (

)( ) ( )( )
) ( )

( (
( )

)( ) ( (
(

( )

( ) ))

)( ) ( (

) )

)( ) (
)

( )

)( ) (

( )

))

)( ) (

)( ) (

Where

represents integrand that is integrated over the interval

From the hypotheses it follows |(


(

)(

( )(

)( ) |
)

)( ) )

221

(( )( )

)(

)(

( )( ) ( )( ) ) (((

)(

)(

)(

)( ) ))

And analogous inequalities for Remark 1: The fact that we supposed (

. Taking into account the hypothesis the result follows )(


)

)( ) depending also on can be considered as not


) ( )( )

conformal with the reality, however we have put this hypothesis ,in order that we can postulate condition necessary to prove the uniqueness of the solution bounded by ( )( respectively of If instead of proving the existence of the solution on suffices to consider that ( ( )( )
( )

( )(

) (

)( )

, we have to prove it only on a compact then it depend only on and respectively on

( )

) and hypothesis can replaced by a usual Lipschitz condition. where ( ) ( )

Remark 2: There does not exist any From 19 to 28 it results ( ) ( )


[ {( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ( (

)) (

) )}

)]

)( ) )

for (( )( ) ) : . indeed if and by integrating


)

Definition of (( )( ) ) (( )( ) ) Remark 3: if

is bounded, the same property have also (( )( ) ) ( ( )(


)

( )( ) it follows (( )( ) )

)( ) (( )( ) ) (

)(

In the same way , one can obtain

272

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

www.iiste.org

(( )( ) ) If Remark 4: If

)( ) (( )( ) ) (

)(

is bounded, the same property follows for

and

respectively. The proof is ( )( ) then

bounded, from below, the same property holds for (( )


( )

analogous with the preceding one. An analogous property is true if Remark 5: If is bounded from below and
)

is bounded from below. )( ) ))

((

Definition of ( )( Indeed let ( )(


)

: )( ) )
)

be so that for ( )( ) (( ( ( ) ( )(
)

Then ( (
(

)( ) ( )( )( )

which leads to ) If we take By taking now if ( )( ) (( such that it results is unbounded.

222

)( ) ( )( ) )( ) ( )( )

sufficiently small one sees that )( ) ) ( )(


)

The same property holds for

We now state a more precise theorem about the behaviors at infinity of the solutions ANALOGOUS inequalities hold also for It is now sufficient to take ( )(
( ( )( ) ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )

and to choose

223

( )(
)

)( ) large to have (( )(
)

[( )( )

)
( )( )

)( )

)(

( )( ) [(( ( )( )

)(

)( ) ]

)(

In order that the operator The operator ((( )(


) ( )

( )

transforms the space of sextuples of functions

into itself

is a contraction with respect to the metric )(


)

)( ) ) ((

)( ) ))

( )

( )

( )

( )|

)( )

( )

( )

( )

( )|

)( )

Indeed if we denote Definition of () ( ) : ( () ( ) ) It results |


( ) ( )

((

)(
)( ) (

))

( )| )( ) |

(
( ) ) )| (

)( ) |
( )

( ) )( ) ( )

( )

( ( )( ) (

)( ) ( )( )
) ( )

( (
( )

)( ) ( (

( )

( ) ))

)( ) ( (

) )

)( ) (

( )

)( ) (

( )

))

)( ) (

)( ) (

273

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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Where

represents integrand that is integrated over the interval


)( ) )

From the hypotheses it follows |(


(

)(

( )(

)( ) |
)

(( )( )

)(

)(

( )( ) ( )( ) ) (((

)(

)(

)(

)( ) ))

And analogous inequalities for Remark 1: The fact that we supposed (

. Taking into account the hypothesis the result follows )(


)

)( ) depending also on can be considered as not


) ( )( )

conformal with the reality, however we have put this hypothesis ,in order that we can postulate condition necessary to prove the uniqueness of the solution bounded by ( )( respectively of If instead of proving the existence of the solution on suffices to consider that ( ( )( )(
)

( )(

) (

)( )

, we have to prove it only on a compact then it depend only on and respectively on

)(

) and hypothesis can replaced by a usual Lipschitz condition. where ( ) ( )


224

Remark 2: There does not exist any From 69 to 32 it results ( ) ( )


[ {( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ( (

)) (

) )}

)]

)( ) ) ( )

for ) (( )( ) ) (( )( ) ) : . indeed if and by integrating


)

Definition of (( ) Remark 3: if

is bounded, the same property have also (( )( ) ) ( ( )(


)

( )( ) it follows (( )( ) ) (( )( ) ) If Remark 4: If

)( ) (( )( ) ) ( )( ) (( )( ) ) (

)(

In the same way , one can obtain ( )(


)

is bounded, the same property follows for

and

respectively. The proof is ( )( ) then

bounded, from below, the same property holds for (( )( ) (( )( ) ))

analogous with the preceding one. An analogous property is true if Remark 5: If is bounded from below and
)

is bounded from below.

Definition of ( )( Indeed let ( )(


)

: )( ) )
)

be so that for ( )( ) (( ( ( ) ( )(
)

Then ( (
(

)( ) ( ) ( )( )

which leads to ) If we take By taking now if ( )( ) (( such that it results is unbounded.

)( ) ( )( ) )( ) ( )( )

sufficiently small one sees that )( ) ( ) ) ( )(


)

The same property holds for

274

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We now state a more precise theorem about the behaviors at infinity of the solutions Behavior of the solutions Theorem 2: If we denote and define Definition of ( )( (a) )(
) ) )

225

( )( ( )( ( ( ( )(
) ) ( ) )

) )

( )(
( ) )

( )( ) : )( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )

( )(
( ) )

( )( ) )(
)

four constants satisfying ( ( )(


)

( )

( (
) ( )

( ) )

) (

(
( )

)( ) ( )( ) ( : ( )( )
)

) )

( )( ( )(
)

( )(

)( (

Definition of ( )( (b) By ( )( ( )( ) (

)(

( )( ) ( )(
)

and respectively ( (
)

)(

the roots of ( )(
) ( )

the equations )(
)

)(
)

and (

)( ) (

( )

Definition of ( )( By ( )( ( )( ) (
) ( )

( )(
) ) ( )

( )(

( )( ) :
)

( )( ) ( )( )( )(
) ) ) )

and respectively ( )( (
)

( )( )( ) (
( )

the roots of the equations ( )(


) ( )

)(
)

) )

and ( ( )(
) )

)(

Definition of ( (c) If we define ( ( ( )( )(


) )

( )(

)(
) )

( )( ( )( ( )(

( )( ) :by
) )

( ( (

( )(
)

( )(
) )

( )( ( )(
)

)( )(

( )( ( )(

( )( ( )(

) )

( )(

and ( )( ( ( )( ( )(
)

)(
)

( )( ( )( )(
) )

)(
)

( )( ( )(
) )

( )( ( ( )( )(
) )

( )( ( )( )(
) )

and analogously ( )(
)

( )(
)

( )(

( )(

( )(

and ( ( )(
)

( )(

( )(

)(

( )(

)(

where (

)(

( )(

are defined by 59 and 61 respectively Then the solution satisfies the inequalities
(( )( ) ( )( ) ) )( )

( )
)( ) )

where ( )( ) is defined by equation 25


( )( ) ( ( )( ) (( ( )( ) (( ( (( )( ) (

( )
(( )( ) ( )( )

)( ) (

)( ) )( ) )( ) )( )

(
(

)( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( (

[ )( ) )
)( )

)( ) )

] )

( )

)( ) )( ) ( )( ) )( ) )

( )( ) (

( )

((

)( ) )

275

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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)( ) ( )( ) ((

)( )

( ) [ )( ) )
( )( )

)( ) ( )( ) (

(( )( )

)( ) (

)( ) ) )( ) )( )

)( ) )( ) ( (

]
(

( )
( )( )

)( ) ((

)( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( )

[ )( ) ) ( )( )( ) ( )( )(
) )

((

)( ) )

Definition of ( )( Where ( )( ( )( ( ( )( )(
) ) ) )

( )( ( )( (
)

)( )(
)

)( ) :)( )(
)

( ( ( (

(
)

)( ) (
)

(
)

)(

Behavior of the solutions If we denote and define Definition of ( (d) )( (


)

)( )( )(

) ) ) ) )

)(

) )

( )(
) )

( )( ) : )( ) ( )( ) (( )( ) ( ( )( ) (( )(
) )

226

(
) )

)(

( )(

( )( ( (

four constants satisfying ( ( )(


)

)(

( (

)( )(
)

) ) )

) ) )

( )(

( )(

Definition of ( )( By ( )( (e) and (


)

( )(
)

)( ) : )( )(
) ) ( )

( )(

and respectively ( )( ) (
) ( ) ) ( )

( (

)(

) )

the roots

of

the equations (
( )

) )(
)

)(

)( ) (

)
)

( )( ( )(
)

(
)

and

Definition of ( )( By ( )(
)

( )(

( )( ) :
)

( )(

and respectively ( )( )( ) (
( )

( )( ( )(
)

the

roots of the equations ( and ( )( ) (


( )

) (
)

( )(

)(
)

) ( )

) )(
)

( )( ( )( )( )(
) )

) ( ) )

Definition of ( (f) ( ( )( )(
) )

)(
)

( )( )(
) ) )

( )( ) :( )(
)

If we define ( ( )( ( )(
) ) )

( ( )( ( )(

( )(
) )

by
) )

( (

( )( ( )(

( )( ( )(

( )(

and ( )( ( ( )( )(
) ) )

( )( ( ( )( )(
) )

)(
) )

( )( ( )(
) )

( )( ( ( )( )(
) )

( )( ( ( )( )(
) )

and analogously ( )( ( )( ( )( and ( ( )( ( )(


)

)(

276

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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)(

( )(
)( ) (

( )(

)(

( )(
)( )

)(

Then the solution of 19,20,21,22,23 and 24 satisfies the inequalities


(( )( ) )

( )

( )( ) is defined by equation IN THE FOREGOING


( )( ) ( ( )( ) (( (( )( ) ( )( ) )

( )
(( )( ) ( )( )

)( ) )( ) ) (

)( ) )( ) )( ) )( )

(
(

)( ) )( ) (

)( ) ( (

[ )( ) )
)( )

] )

( )

( )( ) )( ) (( )( ) ( ( )( ) ( )( ) )( ) ( ( )( )

)( ) )

( )( ) (

( ) ( ) [ )( ) )
( )( )

((

)( ) ) (( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ) )( ) )( )

)( ) ( )( ) ((

)( ) ( )( ) (

]
(

( )
( )( )

)( ) ((

)( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( )

[ )( ) )
)

((

)( ) )

Definition of ( )( Where ( )( ( )( ( ( )(
) ) ) )

( )( )( ) ( )(
)

( )( (
)

)( )(
)

)( ) :)(
)

( ( ( (

(
)

)(

)( ) ( )( )(
)

(
)

)(

)(

Behavior of the solutions Theorem 2: If we denote and define Definition of ( )( (a) )(


) ) ) ) ) )

227

( )( ( )( ( ( ( )(
) ) ( ) )

) )

( )(
) )

( )( ) : )( ) ( )( ) ( ) )( ) : )(
)

( )(
) )

( )( )( )(

four constants satisfying ( ( )(


)

( )( ( )(

( (
) ( )

)( )( (

) (

)( ) ( )( ) (( )(

) ) )
)

( )( ( )(

) )

Definition of ( )( (b) By ( )( ( )( ) (

( )( )
( )

and respectively ( (
) ( )

the roots of

the equations

( )( )

)( (

and ( By ( )(

)( ) (
)

( )(
)

)(

and
)

( )(

and respectively ( )( )( ) (
( )

( )( ( )(
)

the

roots of the equations ( and ( )( ) (


( )

) (
)

( )( )(
) )

) ( )

)
)

( )( ( )( )( )(
) ) )

) ( )

Definition of ( (c) If we define ( ( )(


)

)( )(
)

( )(
)

( )( ) :by
)

(
)

( )(

( )(
)

( )(

( )(

( )(

( )(

277

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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)(

( )(
)

)(

( )(

( )(

( )(

( )(

and ( )( ( ( )( ( )( ( )( )(
) ) )

( )( ( ( ( )( )( )(
) )

)(
) )

( )( ( )(
) )

( )( ( ( )( )(
) )

( )( ( )( ( ( )( )(
) )

and analogously ( )( ( )( ( )(

( )( ( )(

( )(

and (

)(

( )(
)( )

Then the solution of 19,20,21,22,23 and 24 satisfies the inequalities


(( )( ) ( )( ) )

( )
)( ) )

( )( ) is defined by equation IN THE FOREGOING


( )( ) ( ( )( ) (( ( ( )( ) (( ( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) )( ) ) (( )( ) )( ) ( ( )( ) (

( )
(( )( ) ( )( )

)( ) (

)( ) )( ) )( ) )( )

)( ) (

[ )( ) )
)( )

)( ) )

] )

( )

( ) ( ) [ )( ) )
)( ) ( ) ( )( )

((

)( ) (

)( ) ) (( )( ) ( )( ) ) )( ) )( )

)( ) ( )( ) ((

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( ) )( ) ( ( )( )

)( )

]
(

( )
( )( )

)( ) ((

)( ) (

[ )( ) ) ( )( )( ) ( )(
) )

((

)( ) )

Definition of ( )( Where ( )( ( )( ( )(
) ) )

( )( ( )( )(
) )

)( )(
)

)( ) :)( )( )(
) )

( ( ( )(
)

(
)

)( ) ( (

( (

Behavior of the solutions Theorem 2: If we denote and define Definition of ( )( (d) ( )(


) )

228
) ) ( ) )

( )(
)

( )(

( )( ) : )( ) ( )( ) (( )(
) ( )

( )(
)

( )( )
( ) ) )

( )( ( ( )
)

four constants satisfying ( ( )(


)

( )

( )

( (

) ) )

( ( :
( )

)( ) ( )( ) (( )(
)

) ) )

( )(

) )

( )(

)(

)( (

( )(

Definition of ( )( (e) By ( ) (
( ) ( )

( )(
( )

( ) )

and respectively ( ( )(
)

( )

the roots of

the equations

)( ) (

( )(

) ( )

278

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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and (

)( ) (
)

( )

)
)

( )( ( )(
)

) ( ) )

(
)

)(

and
)

Definition of ( )( By ( )(

( )(

( )( ) : ( )( )(
) )

( )(

and respectively ( )( )( ) (
( )

the

roots of the equations ( and ( )( ) (


( )

) (
)

( )( )(
) ) )

) ( )

)
)

( )( ( )( ( ( )(
) ) ) )

) ( )

Definition of ( (f) ( ( )( )(
) )

)(

( )( )(
)

( )( ( )(

( )( ) :( )(
) ) )

If we define ( ( )( ( )(
) ) )

by ( )( ( )(
) )

)( )(

( )( ( )(

) )

( )( ( )(

( )(

and ( )( ( )( ( )( ( )( and ( ( )(
) )

( )(
) )

(
) )

)( ( )( ( )(

( )( ( )(

( )( ( ( )( )(

( )(
)

and analogously ( ( )( (
)

)( )(

) )

) )

( (

)( )(

) )

( )(

( )(

)(

( )(

)(

( )(

)(

where ( )(

( )(

are defined respectively Then the solution satisfies the inequalities


(( )( ) ( )( ) ) )( )

( )
)( ) )

where ( )( ) is defined by equation IN THE FOREGOING:


( )( ) ( )( ) (( ( ( )( ) (( ( (( )( ) (

( )
(( )( ) ( )( )

)( ) (

)( ) )( ) )( )

)( ) )( ) ( )( ) (

[ )( ) )
( )( )

)( ) )

] )

( )

)( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )

[ )( ) ) ( )

( )( ) (

)( )

((

)( ) ) (( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ) )( ) )( )

)( ) ( )( ) ((

( ) [ )( ) )
( )( )

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( ) )( ) ( (

]
(

( )
( )( )

)( ) ((

)( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( )

[ )( ) ) ( )( )( ) ( )(
) )

((

)( ) )

Definition of ( )( Where ( )( ( )( (
) )

( )( (
)

)( )(

)( ) :)(
)

( (
)

(
) )

)(

)( ) ( )(

)(

279

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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)(

)(

)(

Behavior of the solutions Theorem 2: If we denote and define Definition of ( )( (g) ( )


( ) ) )

229
)

( )(
)

( )(
) ( ) )

( )( ) :
)

( )( (

( )( )
( ) ) )

( )( ( ( )
)

( )( ( ( )(
)

four constants satisfying


( )

) ) )
( )

( ( :
( )

)( ) ( )( ) (( )(
)

) ) ) )(

( )(

) )

( )(

)(
( )

)( (

)( ) (( ( )(
)

( )(
)

Definition of ( )( (h) By ( )

( )(

( )
( )

( )

and respectively (
) ( )

the roots of

the

equations ( and ( )( ) (
)

)( ) (
( )

( )(
) ( ) )

( )(
)

)(

)
)

( )( ( )(
)

(
)

and
)

Definition of ( )( By ( )(

( )(

( )( ) : ( )( )(
) )

( )(

and respectively ( )( )( ) (
( )

the

roots of the equations ( and ( )( ) (


( )

) (
)

( )( )(
) ) )

) ( )

)
)

( )( ( )( ( ( )(
) ) ) )

) ( )

Definition of ( (i) ( ( ( )( )( )( ( )( ( )( ( )(
) ) ) )

)(

( )( )(
)

( )( ( )(

( )( ) :( )(
) ) )

If we define ( ( )( ( )( ( )(
) ) ) ) )

by ( )( ( )(
) )

)( )( )(
)

( )( ( )( ( )( ( )(
)

) )

( )( ( )( ( )( ( ( ( )( )( )(
) )

( )(

and ( )(

(
) )

( )(
)

and analogously ( ( ( )( )( )(
)

( )( ( )(
)

) )

) )

( ( ( )(

)( )(
)

) )

( )( ( )(
)

( )(

and (
)

)(

( )(

where ( )(

( )( ) are defined by

respectively Then the solution satisfies the inequalities


(( )( ) ( )( ) ) )( )

( )
)( ) )

where ( )( ) is defined by equation IN THE FOREGOING


( )( ) ( )( ) (( (( )( ) (

( )
(( )( ) (

)( ) ( (

)( ) )( ) )( ) )( )

)( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( ( ( )( ) ((

[ )( ) )
)( ) )( ) ( ((

)( ) ) )( )

]
(

( ) )

)( ) )

)( )

)( )

( )

)( ) (

)( ) )

280

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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)( ) ( )( ) ((

)( )

( ) [ )( ) )
( )( )

)( ) ( )( ) (

(( )( )

)( ) (

)( ) ) )( ) )( )

)( ) )( ) ( (

]
(

( )
( )( )

)( ) ((

)( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( )

[ )( ) ) ( )( )( ) ( )(
) )

((

)( ) )

Definition of ( )( Where ( )( ( )( ( ( )(
) )

( )( (
)

)( )(

)( ) :)(
)

( (
)

(
) ) )

)(
)

( ( )(

)( ) ( )(
)

)(

)(

Behavior of the solutions Theorem 2: If we denote and define Definition of ( )( (j) ( )( ( )(


) ) )

230
)

( )(
)

( )(
) ) )

( )( ) :
)

( )( (

( )( )( )(
) ) ) )

( )( ( ( )( )(
)

( )( ( ( )(
) )

four constants satisfying ) ) )


( ) ( )

)( ) ( )( ) (( ( )(
)

( ( :

)( ) ( )( ) (( )(
)

) ) ) )(

( )(

) )

( )(
)

Definition of ( )( (k) By ( )(

( )(

( )(
( )

and respectively (
) ( )

the roots of

the

equations ( and ( )( ) (

)( ) (
( )

( )(
) ( ) )

( )(
)

)(

)
)

( )( ( )(
)

(
)

and

Definition of ( )( By ( )(
)

( )(

( )( ) :
)

( )(

and respectively ( )( )( ) (
( )

( )( )(
)

the

roots of the equations ( and ( )( ) (


( )

) (
)

( )( )(
) ) )

) ( )

)
)

( )( ( )( ( ( ) )(
) ( ) ) )

) ( )

Definition of ( (l) ( ( (
( ) )

)(

( )( )(
)

( )( ( )(

( )( ) :( )(
( ) ) )

If we define ( ) ( )
( ) )

by ( )( ( )(
) )

( )

( ) )

( )

)( )(
)

( )( ( )(
)

)( )(
)

( )( ( )( ( )(
)

( )( ( )( ( ( ( )( )( )(
) )

( )(

and ( )(

(
) )

( )(
)

and analogously ( )( ( )( ( )(
) ) )

( ( (

)( )( )(
)

( )( ( )(
)

) )

) )

( ( ( )(

)( )(
)

) )

( )( ( )(
)

( )(

) )

and (

)(

( )(

where ( )(

( )( ) are defined

respectively Then the solution satisfies the inequalities

281

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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((

)( ) (

)( ) )

( )
)( ) )

)( )

where ( )( ) is defined by equation IN THE FOREGOING


( )( ) ( )( ) (( ( ( )( ) (( ( (( )( ) (

( )
(( )( ) ( )( )

)( ) (

)( ) )( ) )( )

)( ) )( ) ( )( ) (

[ )( ) )
( )( )

)( ) )

] )

( )

)( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )

[ )( ) ) ( )

( )( ) (

)( )

((

)( ) ) (( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ) )( ) )( )

)( ) ( )( ) ((

( ) [ )( ) )
( )( )

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( ) )( ) ( (

]
(

( )
( )( )

)( ) ((

)( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( )

[ )( ) ) ( )( )( ) ( )( )(
) )

((

)( ) )

Definition of ( )( Where ( )( ( )( ( (
( )

( )( ( )( (
)

)( )(
)

)( ) :)( )(
)

) ) ) )

( ( ( (

(
)

)( )(

)( ) (
)

( )(
)

Proof : From GLOBAL EQUATIONS we obtain ( )(


) ( )

231 )) ( )( ) ( )
( )

(( :-

)(

) ( )

)(

)( ) (

)(

) ( )

Definition of It follows (( )( ) (

( )

( )(

) ( )

)( ) )

( )

((

)( ) (

( )

( )(

) ( )

)( ) )

From which one obtains Definition of ( )( (a)


( ) )

( )( ) :)

For ( )
(

( )(

( )(
[ ( )( ) )( ) ((

( )(
)( ) (

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( ) (( )( ) (

)( ) ) ]

[ ( ( )( )

)( ) ) ]

,
) ( )

( )(

( ( )

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( ) )( )

( )( In the same manner , we get


( )

( )

( )(

( )

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

, ( )(
)

( )( ) ( (

)( )

)( ) ( )( )

From which we deduce ( )( (b) If ( )(


)

) )

( )

( )

( )(

( )(

( )( ) we find like in the previous case,

282

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( )(

)( ) ( )( ) (

[ ( )( ) )( ) ((

)( ) (( )( ) (

)( ) (

)( ) ) ]

[ ( ( )( )

)( ) ) ]

( )

( )

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

( )(

(c) ( )(
)

If
( )

( )( ( )

( )(

( )(

, we obtain
)( ) (( )( ) ( )( )) ]

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( ) (( )( ) ( )( )) ]

( )(

And so with the notation of the first part of condition (c) , we have Definition of ( )(
) ( ) ( )

( ) :( )( ) ,
( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

In a completely analogous way, we obtain Definition of ( )(


) ( ) ( )

( ) :( )( ) ,
( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

Now, using this result and replacing it in GLOBAL EQUATIONS we get easily the result stated in the theorem. Particular case :If ( addition ( )(
)

)(

)(
( )

( )(

( )(

and in this case ( )( ( )

) )

( )( ) if in ( ) this also

( )( ) then )(
)

( )

( )( ) and as a consequence ( )(
)

( )(

defines ( )( ) for the special case Analogously if ( ( )(


)

)(

( )( ) and then ( )
)

( )( ) if in addition (

)(

( )( ) then

)(

( ) This is an important )(
)

consequence of the relation between ( )( ) and ( )( Proof : From GLOBAL EQUATIONS we obtain
( )

and definition of (

232 )) ( )( ) ( )
( )

)(

(( :-

)(

)(

)( ) (

)(

) ( )

Definition of It follows (( )( ) (

( )

( )

( )

)(

) ( )

)( ) )

( )

((

)( ) (

( )

( )(

) ( )

)( ) )

From which one obtains Definition of ( )( (d)


( ) )

( )( ) :)
[ ( )( ) )( )((

For ( )
(

( )(

( )(
)( )((

( )(
)( ) (

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( ) ) ]

[ ( ( )( )

)( ) (

)( ) ) ]

( )(

( (

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( ) )( )

( )(

( )

( )

( )(

In the same manner , we get

283

Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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( )

( )

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( ) (( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( ) (( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

, ( )(

( )( ) ( )( ) )( ) ( )( )

From which we deduce ( )( (e) ( )(


)

) )

( )

( )

( )(

If
(

( )(
)( ) ( )( ) (

( )(
[ ( )( ) )( ) ((

( )( ) we find like in the previous case,


)( ) (( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

[ ( ( )( )

)( ) ) ]

( )

( )

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

( )(

(f) ( )(
)

If
( )

( )( ( )

( )(

( )(

, we obtain
)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

( )(

And so with the notation of the first part of condition (c) , we have Definition of ( )(
) ( ) ( )

( ) :( )( ) ,
( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

In a completely analogous way, we obtain Definition of ( )(


) ( ) ( )

( ) :( )( ) ,
( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

Now, using this result and replacing it in GLOBAL EQUATIONS we get easily the result stated in the theorem. Particular case : If ( )(
)

(
( )

)( ( )

( )( ( )(
) )

)(

and in this case ( )( ( ) ( )(


)

) )

( )( ) if in addition ( )( ( )
)

( )( ) then )(
)

and as a consequence )(
)

Analogously if ( (

)(

( )(
)

( )( ) and then ( )
)

( )( ) if in addition (

)(

( )( ) then

)(

( ) This is an important

consequence of the relation between ( )( ) and ( )( Proof : From GLOBAL EQUATIONS we obtain
( )

233 )) ( )( ) ( )
( )

)(

) ( )

(( :-

)(

) ( )

)(

)( ) (

)(

) ( )

Definition of It follows (( )( ) (

( )

( )(

) ( )

)( ) )

( )

((

)( ) (

( )

( )(

) ( )

)( ) )

From which one obtains (a) For ( )(


)

( )(

( )(

284

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( )

( )

)( ) ( )( ) (

[ ( )( ) )( ) ((

)( ) (( )( ) (

)( ) (

)( ) ) ]

[ ( ( )( )

)( ) ) ]

( )(

( (

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( ) )( )

( )(

( )

( )

( )(

In the same manner , we get


( )

( )

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

, ( )(

( )( ) ( (

)( )

)( ) ( )( )

Definition of ( )( ) :From which we deduce ( )( (b) If ( )(


) ) ( )

( )

( )(

( )(
(

( )(

( )( ) we find like in the previous case,


[ ( )( ) )( ) (( )( ) (( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( ) ( )( ) (

[ ( ( )( )

)( ) ) ]

( )

( )

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( ) (( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( ) (( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

( )(

(c) If ( )
( )

( )( ( )

( )(

( )(

, we obtain
)( ) (( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( ) (( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

( )(

And so with the notation of the first part of condition (c) , we have Definition of ( )(
) ( ) ( )

( ) :( )( ) ,
( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

In a completely analogous way, we obtain Definition of ( )(


) ( ) ( )

( ) :( )( ) ,
( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

Now, using this result and replacing it in GLOBAL EQUATIONMS we get easily the result stated in the theorem. Particular case : If ( )(
)

(
( )

)( ( )

( )( ( )(
) )

( )(

and in this case ( )( ( ) ( )(


)

) )

( )( ) if in addition ( )( ( )
)

( )( ) then )(
)

and as a consequence )(
)

Analogously if ( (

)(

( )(
)

( )( ) and then ( )
)

( )( ) if in addition (

)(

( )( ) then

)(

( ) This is an important

consequence of the relation between ( )( ) and ( )( Proof : From GLOBAL EQUATIONS we obtain
( )

234 )) ( )( ) ( )
( )

)(

) ( )

(( :-

)(

) ( )

)(

)( ) (

)(

) ( )

Definition of It follows

285

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((

)( ) (

( )

( )(

) ( )

)( ) )

( )

((

)( ) (

( )

( )(

) ( )

)( ) )

From which one obtains Definition of ( )( (d)


( ) )

( )( ) :)

For ( )
(

( )(
)( ) ( )( ) (

( )(
[ ( )( ) )( ) (( )( ) (( )( ) (

( )(

)( ) (

)( ) ) ]

[ ( ( )( )

)( ) ) ]

( )(

( (

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( ) )( )

( )(

( )

( )

( )(

In the same manner , we get


( )

( )

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

, ( )(
)

( )( ) ( (

)( )

)( ) ( )( )

From which we deduce ( )( (e) ( )( If


) (

) )

( )

( )

( )(

( )(

( )(

( )( ) we find like in the previous case,


)( ) (( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( ) ( )( ) (

[ ( )( ) )( ) ((

[ ( ( )( )

)( ) ) ]

( )

( )

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

( )(

(f) ( )(
)

If
( )

( )( ( )

( )(

( )(

, we obtain
)( ) (( )( ) ( )( )) ]

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( ) (( )( ) ( )( )) ]

( )(

And so with the notation of the first part of condition (c) , we have Definition of ( )(
) ( ) ( )

( ) :( )( ) ,
( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

In a completely analogous way, we obtain Definition of ( )(


) ( ) ( )

( ) :( )( ) ,
( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

Now, using this result and replacing it in GLOBAL EQUATIONS we get easily the result stated in the theorem. Particular case : If ( )(
)

(
( )

)( ( )

( )( ( )(
)

( )(

and in this case ( )( ( ) ( )(

) )

( )( ) if in addition ( )( ( ) this also defines ( )(

) )

( )( ) then

and as a consequence )(
)

for the special case. Analogously if ( ( )(


)

)(

( )(
) ( )

( )( ) and then ( ) ( )(
)

( )( ) if in addition (

)(

( )( ) then and ( )
( )

( ) This is an important )(
)

consequence of the relation between ( )

and definition of (

286

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Proof : From GLOBAL EQUATIONS we obtain


( )

235 )) ( )( ) ( )
( )

)(

) ( )

(( :-

)(

) ( )

)(

)( ) (

)(

) ( )

Definition of It follows (( )( ) (

( )

( )(

) ( )

)( ) )

( )

((

)( ) (

( )

( )(

) ( )

)( ) )

From which one obtains Definition of ( )( (g)


( ) )

( )( ) :)

For ( )
(

( )(

( )(
[ ( )( ) )( ) ((

( )(
)( ) (

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( ) (( )( ) (

)( ) ) ]

[ ( ( )( )

)( ) ) ]

( )(

( (

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( ) )( )

( )(

( )

( )

( )(

In the same manner , we get


( )

( )

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

, ( )(
)

( )( ) ( (

)( ) )( ) ( )( )

From which we deduce ( )( (h) ( )( If


) (

) )

( )

( )

( )(

( )(

( )(

( )( ) we find like in the previous case,


)( ) (( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( ) ( )( ) (

[ ( )( ) )( ) ((

[ ( ( )( )

)( ) ) ]

( )

( )

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

( )(

(i) ( )(
)

If
( )

( )( ( )

( )(

( )(

, we obtain
)( ) (( )( ) ( )( )) ]

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( ) (( )( ) ( )( )) ]

( )(

And so with the notation of the first part of condition (c) , we have Definition of ( )(
) ( ) ( )

( ) :( )( ) ,
( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

In a completely analogous way, we obtain Definition of ( )(


) ( ) ( )

( ) :( )( ) ,
( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

Now, using this result and replacing it in GLOBAL EQUATIONS we get easily the result stated in the theorem. Particular case : If ( )(
)

)(

( )(

( )(

and in this case ( )(

( )( ) if in addition ( )(

287

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( )( ) then

( )

( ) )(

( )(
)

and as a consequence )(
)

( )

( )(

( ) this also defines ( )(

for the special case . Analogously if ( ( )(


)

( )(
)

( )( ) and then ( )
)

( )( ) if in addition (

)(

( )( ) then

)(

( ) This is an important )(
)

consequence of the relation between ( )( ) and ( )( Proof : From GLOBAL EQUATIONS we obtain
( )

and definition of (

236 )) ( )( ) ( )
( )

)(

) ( )

(( :-

)(

) ( )

)(

)( ) (

)(

) ( )

Definition of It follows (( )( ) (

( )

( )(

) ( )

)( ) )

( )

((

)( ) (

( )

( )(

) ( )

)( ) )

From which one obtains Definition of ( )( (j)


( ) )

( )( ) :)

For ( )
(

( )(

( )(
[ ( )( ) )( ) ((

( )(
)( ) (

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( ) (( )( ) (

)( ) ) ]

[ ( ( )( )

)( ) ) ]

( )(

( (

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( ) )( )

( )(

( )

( )

( )(

In the same manner , we get


( )

( )

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( )(( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

, ( )(
)

( )( ) ( (

)( )

)( ) ( )( )

From which we deduce ( )( (k) ( ) If


( ) (

) )

( )

( )

( )(

( )(

( )(

( )( ) we find like in the previous case,


)( ) (( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ) ]

)( ) ( )( ) (

[ ( )( ) )( ) ((

[ ( ( )( )

)( ) ) ]

( )

( )

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( ) (( )( ) ( )( )) ]

)( ) (( )( ) ( )( )) ]

( )(
)

(l) ( )(
)

If
( )

( )( ( )

( )(

( )(

, we obtain
)( ) (( )( ) ( )( )) ]

[ ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) [ ( ( )( )

)( ) (( )( ) ( )( )) ]

( )(

And so with the notation of the first part of condition (c) , we have Definition of ( )(
) ( ) ( )

( ) :( )( ) ,
( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

In a completely analogous way, we obtain Definition of


( )

( ) :-

288

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)(

( )

( )

( )( ) ,

( )

( )

( ) ( )

Now, using this result and replacing it in GLOBAL EQUATIONS we get easily the result stated in the theorem. Particular case : If ( )(
)

(
( )

)( ( )

( )( ( )(
)

( )(

and in this case ( )( ( ) ( )(

) )

( )( ) if in addition ( )( ( ) this also defines ( )(

) )

( )( ) then

and as a consequence )(
)

for the special case. Analogously if ( ( )(


)

)(

( )(
)

( )( ) and then ( )
)

( )( ) if in addition (

)(

( )( ) then

)(

( ) This is an important )(
)

consequence of the relation between ( )( ) and ( )( We can prove the following Theorem 3: If ( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )

and definition of (

237 )( ) are independent on , and the conditions )( )( )( )


) ) )

)( ( ( ( (

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )

)( )( )( ) )(
) )

) ) )

( , (

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( )(
)

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( )(
)

)( ) ( )( ) ( )(

)(
)

( )

( )

( If ( ( ( ( ( )( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )

( (
) ) )

)( ) as defined by equation IN THE FOREGOING are satisfied , then the system )( ) are independent on , and the conditions (SECOND MODULE) ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )

)( )( )( ) )(
)

)( )( )( )

) ) )

( , (

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( )(
)

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( )(
)

)( ) ( )( ) ( )(

)(
)

( )

( )

)( ) as defined by equation IN THE FOREGING are satisfied , then the )( ( ( ( (


)

system(THIRD MODULE) Theorem 3: If ( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )


( )

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )

)( ) are independent on , and the conditions )( )( )( )


) ) )

238

)( )( )( ) )(
)

) ) )

( , (

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( )(
)

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( )(
)

)( ) ( )( ) ( )(

)(
)

( )

( )

)( ) as defined by equation IN THE FOREGOING are satisfied , then the system )( ( ( ( (


)

We can prove the following(FOURTH MODEULE CONSEQUENCES) Theorem 3: If ( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )


( )

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )

)( ) are independent on , and the conditions )( )( )( )


) ) )

)( )( )( )

) ) )

( , (

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( )(
)

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( )(
)

)( ) ( )( ) ( )(

)(
)

( )

( )

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)(

)( ) as defined by equation IN THE FOREGOING are satisfied , then the system )( ( ( ( (


)

Theorem 3: If ( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )

)( ) are independent on , and the conditions (FIFTH MODULE )( )( )( )


) ) )

239

CONSEQUENCES) )( )( )( ) )(
) ) ) )

( , (

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( )(
)

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( )(
)

)( ) ( )( ) ( )(

)(
)

( )

( )

)( ) as defined by equation IN THE EQUATION STATED IN THE FOREGOING )( ( ( ( ( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )(


)

are satisfied , then the system Theorem 3: If ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )


( )

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
) ) ) ( )

)( ) are independent on , and the conditions )( )( )( )


) ) )

240

)( )( )( ) )(
)

) ) )

( , ( )] )] )]

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( )(
)

)( ) ( )( ) (

)( )(
)

)( ) ( )( ) ( )(

)(
)

( )

( )

( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )(
) ) ) ) ) )

( [( [( [( ( ( ( [( [( [( ( ( ( [( [( [( ( ( (

)( ) as defined by equation IN THE FOREGOING are satisfied , then the system ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) )( ) ( ) )( ) ( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )] )] )] ) ) ) )] )] )] ) ) ) 241 242 243 244 245 246

) ) )

has a unique positive solution , which is an equilibrium solution for the system
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

247 248 249 250 251 252

has a unique positive solution , which is an equilibrium solution


) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

253 254 255 256 257 258

has a unique positive solution , which is an equilibrium solution

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( ( ( ( ( (

)( )( )( )( )( )(

) ) ) )

[( [( [( ( ( (

)( )( )( )( )( )(

) ) ) )

( ( ( ( ( (

)( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) (( )( ) (( )( ) ((

)] )] )] )) )) ))

259 260 261 262 263 264

has a unique positive solution , which is an equilibrium solution ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )


) ) ) ) ) )

[( [( [( ( ( ( [( [( [( ( ( (

)( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )

) ) ) ) ) )

( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (

)( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )

)] )] )] ) ) ) )] )] )] ) ) )

265 266 267 268 269 270

has a unique positive solution , which is an equilibrium solution


) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

271 272 273 274 275 276

( )

( )

has a unique positive solution , which is an equilibrium solution Proof: (a) Indeed the first two equations have a nontrivial solution ( ) ( ( )
( )

277 if )
( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

)( ) (

)( ) (

)( ) (

)(

)( ) (

Proof: (a) ( ( ( ( ) ) )( ) ( )
( )

278 Indeed the first two equations have a nontrivial solution ( ) )( ( ( )(


( )

if ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

)( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )

) if )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) 279 )(
)

(a) Indeed the first two equations have a nontrivial solution ( )( ) ( )(


)

)( ) (

) if 280

(a) Indeed the first two equations have a nontrivial solution

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( ( ( (

) )( ) ( ) )( ) (

( )( ( )(

)( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) (

)(

)( ) (

)(

)( ) (

)( ) (

)( ) (

)( ) (

) if )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) 281 )(
)

(a) Indeed the first two equations have a nontrivial solution ( )( ) ( )(


)

)( ) (

) 282 if )
( )

Proof: (a) Indeed the first two equations have a nontrivial solution ( ( ) )( ) ( ( )( )
( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

)( ) (

)( ) (

)( ) ( ( )

) :and the functions ( ( ) )( ) ( ) being increasing, it follows that 283 ( ) for which

Definition and uniqueness of After hypothesis

there exists a unique equations


( [( )( ) )( ) ( )] )( ) (

. With this value , we obtain from the three first


( )( ) )( ) ( )]

, :-

[(

)( ) (

Definition and uniqueness of After hypothesis ( ) ( )

and the functions ( ( )

)( ) (

) being increasing, it follows that

there exists a unique equations


[( ( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) (

for which

. With this value , we obtain from the three first


( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) (

)]

, :-

[(

)]

Definition and uniqueness of After hypothesis ( ) ( )

and the functions ( ( )

)( ) (

) being increasing, it follows that

there exists a unique equations


[( ( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( )]

for which

. With this value , we obtain from the three first


( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) (

, :-

[(

)]

Definition and uniqueness of After hypothesis ( ) ( )

and the functions ( ( )

)( ) (

) being increasing, it follows that

there exists a unique equations


( [( )( ) )( ) ( )] )( ) (

for which

. With this value , we obtain from the three first


( )( ) )( ) ( )]

, :-

[(

)( ) (

Definition and uniqueness of After hypothesis ( ) ( )

and the functions ( ( )

)( ) (

) being increasing, it follows that

there exists a unique equations


[( ( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) (

for which

. With this value , we obtain from the three first


( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) (

)]

[(

)]

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Definition and uniqueness of After hypothesis ( ) ( )

:and the functions ( ( ) )( ) ( ) being increasing, it follows that

there exists a unique equations


( [( )( ) )( ) ( )] )( ) (

for which

. With this value , we obtain from the three first


( )( ) )( ) ( )]

[(

)( ) (

(e) ( ) [(

By the same argument, THE SOLUTIONAL EQUATIONS OF THE GLOBAL EQUATIONS if )


( )

284

ADMIT solutions ( )
( )

)( ) (

)(

)( ) (

)( ) ( )

( )

)( ) (

)( ) ( )] (

)( ) ( )(

)( ) ( ) is a ( ) ( )

Where in ( decreasing function in exists a unique (f) ( [( ) )( ) ( ( )


( )

must be replaced by their values . It is easy to see that taking into account the hypothesis ) if )
( )

it follows that there

such that ( ( ) )
( )

By the same argument, the GLOBAL EQUATIONS admit solutions ( ( )


( )

)( ) ( )(

)( ) ( )

)( ) (

)] (

)( ) (

)(

)( ) ( ( )

) ( )

Where in (

must be replaced by their values from 96. It is easy to see that taking into account the hypothesis )) if )
( )

is a decreasing function in there exists a unique (g) ( [( ) )( ) ( ( ( )


( )

it follows that

such that (( ) )
( )

By the same argument, SOLUTIONAL EQUATIONS admit solutions ( ( )


( )

)( ) (

( )

)( ) (

)( ) (

)] (

)( ) (

)(

)( ) ( ( )

) is ( )

Where in

must be replaced by their values from 96. It is easy to see that taking into account the hypothesis it follows that )) if )
( )

a decreasing function in there exists a unique (h) ( [( ) )( ) ( ( )


( )

such that (( ) )
( )

By the same argument, the GLOBAL EQUATIONS admit solutions ( ( )


( )

)( ) ( )(

)( ) ( )

)( ) (

)] (

)( ) (

)(

)( ) ( ( )

) ( )

Where in (

must be replaced by their values from 96. It is easy to see that taking into account the hypothesis )) 285 it follows that

is a decreasing function in there exists a unique (i) ( [( ) )( ) (

such that ((

By the same argument, the GLOBAL EQATIONS AND CONCOMITANT DERIVED if )( ) ( )(


)

EQUATIONS admit solutions ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) )(


)

)( ) ( )

)( ) (

)] (

)( ) (

)(

)( ) ( ( )

) ( )

Where in (

must be replaced by their values from 96. It is easy to see that taking into account the hypothesis it follows that

is a decreasing function in

293

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there exists a unique (j) ( [( ) )( ) ( ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) )(

such that ((
)

)) if 286 )(
)

By the same argument, the GLOBAL EQUATIONS admit solutions ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) such that ( (
[(

)( ) (

)] (

)( ) (

)( ( )

)( ) (

) is a ( )

Where in (

must be replaced by their values It is easy to see that ) ( )

decreasing function in exists a unique

taking into account the hypothesis

it follows that there

Finally we obtain the unique solution ) ,


)]

and
)]

( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( ( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) (

, ,

[(

( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( ( )( ) )( ) ( )( )(

[(

)]

[(

)]

Obviously, these values represent an equilibrium solution THE SYSTEM Finally we obtain the unique solution of THE SYSTEM ((
[(

))
)]

, , ,
[(

and
)]

( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( ( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ((

( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) (

[(

) )]

[(

( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ((

) )]

Obviously, these values represent an equilibrium solution of THE GLOBAL EQUATIONS Finally we obtain the unique solution of THE GLOBAL EQUATIONS ((
[( ( )( ) ( ( )( ) ( )( ) )( ) ( )]

287

))

, , ,
[(

(
( )( ) (

)
)( ) )( ) ( )( ) )( ) (

and
)]

)( ) )( ) ( )]

[(

[(

( )( ) (

)]

Obviously, these values represent an equilibrium solution of GLOBAL SYSTEM Finally we obtain the unique solution of THE SYSTEM (
[( ( )( ) ( ( )( ) ( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) )( ) (( ) )] )]

288

, , ,
[(

)
)( )

and
)( ) ( )( ) )( ) (( ) )] )]

( )( ) (

[(

[(

( )( ) (

289

Obviously, these values represent an equilibrium solution of THE GLOBAL SYSTEM Finally we obtain the unique solution of THE GLOBAL SYSTEM ((
[( ( )( ) ( )( ) )( ) ( )]

290

))

, , ,
[(

(
( )( ) (

)
)( ) )( ) (

and
)]

[(

( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ((

) )]

[(

( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ((

291
) )]

Obviously, these values represent an equilibrium solution of THE SYSTEM

294

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Finally we obtain the unique solution of THE DERIVED EQUATIONS OF THE GLOBAL EQUATIONS ((
[(

))
)]

, , ,
[(

and
)]

( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ( ( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ((

( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) (

[(

) )]

[(

( )( ) )( ) ( )( ) ((

) )]

Obviously, these values represent an equilibrium solution of THE SYSTEM Asymptotic Stability Analysis Of The System Space Time Mass Energy- Quantum GravityPerception-Strong Nuclear Force-Weak Nuclear Force-Gravity-Electromagnetism-Vacuum Energy and Quantum Field ========================================================================= Theorem 4: If the conditions of the previous theorem are satisfied and if the functions ( )(
)

292

)(

Belong to

( )

) then the above equilibrium point is asymptotically stable.

Proof: Denote Definition of :,


( )( ) )( )

)(

Then taking into account DERIVED EQUATIONS OF THE GLOBAL EQUATIONS neglecting the terms of power 2, we obtain (( (( (( (( (( (( )( )( )( )( )( )(
) ) ) ) ) )

( ( ( ( ( (

)( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) )

( ( ( ( ( (

)( )( )( )( )( )(
) ) )

) ) )

( ( (

)( )( )( ( ( (

) ) )

293 294 295


)( ) )( ) )( )

( ( (

) ) ) )(
)

296 297 298 ( )(


)

If the conditions of the previous theorem are satisfied and if the functions ( to
( )

Belong

) then the above equilibrium point is asymptotically stable

Proof: Denote Definition of ,


( )( )

:)( )

)(

((

) )

taking into account equations DERIVED EQUATIONS OF THE GLOBAL EQUATIONS and neglecting the terms of power 2, we obtain (( )(
)

)( ) )

)(

)(

299

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(( (( (( (( ((

)( )( )( )( )(

) ) ) ) )

( ( ( ( (

)( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) )

( ( ( ( (

)( )( )( )( )(
) ) )

) )

( (

)( )( ( ( (

) )

( ( (

)( ) )( ) )( )

) ) ) )(
)

If the conditions of the previous theorem are satisfied and if the functions ( to
( )

)(

Belong

) then the above equilibrium point is asymptotically stable.

Proof: Denote Definition of :,


( )( ) )( )

)(

((

) )

Then taking into account equations DERIVED FROM THE GLOBAL EQUATIONS and neglecting the terms of power 2, we obtain (( (( (( (( (( (( )( )( )( )( )( )(
) ) ) ) ) )

( ( ( ( ( (

)( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) )

( ( ( ( ( (

)( )( )( )( )( )(
) ) )

) ) )

( ( (

)( )( )( ( ( (

) ) )

300

( ( (

)( ) )( ) )( )

) ) ) )(
)

If the conditions of the previous theorem are satisfied and if the functions ( to
( )

)(

Belong

) then the above equilibrium point is asymptotically stable.(FOURTH MODULE)

Proof: Denote Definition of


)( )

:,
)( )

)(

((

) )

Then taking into account equations DERIVED EQUATIONS OF THE GLOBAL EQUATIONS MENTIONED HEREINBEFORE and neglecting the terms of power 2, we obtain (( (( (( (( )( )( )( )(
) ) ) )

( ( ( (

)( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) )

( ( ( (

)( )( )( )(
)

) ) )

( ( (

)( )( )( (

) ) )

301

)( )

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(( ((

)( )(

) )

( (

)( ) ) )( ) )

( (

)( )(

) )

( (

( (

)( ) )( )

) )

ASYMPTOTIC STABILITY ANALYSIS(FIFTH MODULE) If the conditions of the previous theorem are satisfied and if the functions ( to
( )

)(

)(

Belong

) then the above equilibrium point is asymptotically stable.

Denote Definition of
)( )

:,
)( )

)(

((

) )

Then taking into account equations DERIVED EQUATIONS OF THE GLOBAL EQUATIONS and neglecting the terms of power 2, we obtain (( (( (( (( (( (( )( )( )( )( )( )(
) ) ) ) ) )

( ( ( ( ( (

)( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) )

( ( ( ( ( (

)( )( )( )( )( )(
) ) )

) ) )

( ( (

)( )( )( ( ( (

) ) )

302

( ( (

)( ) )( ) )( )

) ) )

ASYMPTOTIC STABILITY ANALYSIS(SIXTH MODULE RAMIFICATIONS ON THE CONCATENATED GLOBAL EQUATIONS) If the conditions of the previous theorem are satisfied and if the functions ( to
( )

)(

)(

Belong

) then the above equilibrium point is asymptotically stable.

Denote Definition of
)( )

:,
)( )

)(

((

) )

Then taking into account equations DERIVED FROM THE CONCATENATED GLOBAL EQUATIONS and neglecting the terms of power 2, we obtain (( (( (( (( (( )( )( )( )( )(
) ) ) ) )

( ( ( ( (

)( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) ) )( ) )

( ( ( ( (

)( )( )( )( )(
) )

) ) )

( ( (

)( )( )( ( (

) ) )

303

( (

)( ) )( )

) )

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((

)(

)( ) )

)(

)( )

The characteristic equation of this system is (( )


( ) ) ) )

304 )
( )

( ( (

( )

(
)

) ( (

( )

) (( )

( )

(
)

( )( ) ( )(
) (

( )

)
)

[((( )( ((( )(

)( )( (
)

)( ) )( )( ) ) (
( )(

)(
)

( (
)

)(
)( )

)] )
)

((( )( ((( )(
)

)( )(
)

)( ) )( )( ) ) ( (
( ) ) )(

)(
)

( ( )(
) )

)( ) ( )(
) ( )(

)(
)

) )

( )( )(
) )

((( )( ) ) ((( )( ) ) ((( )( ) ) (( )( ((( )( + (( )(


) ) ) ) ) )

(( (( (( ( ( )( )(
)

)( )( (

( (
)

( (
)

)( ) ) ( ) ( ) ) )( ) ) ( ) ( ) ) (
)

)( ( )( ) (
)

)(
)

)(

)(

)( ) ) ( ) ( ) ) ( (
) ( )(

)( )( ) (

( (

)( ) ) (( )( ) )
( )(

)( (

)( ) (
)

)(

)(

( ( (

)(

(
)

)( ) ) (( )( ( ( )( ) )( )( ) ) ( (
( )(

(
)

)( ( (

( )( ) ( )(
) (

)( ) ) )(
)( ) )

[((( )( ((( )(

)( )( (
)

)(
)

)] )
)

((( )( ((( )(
)

)( )(
)

)( ) )( )( ) ) (
( ) )(

)(
)

( ( )(
) ) )

)( ) ( )(
) ( )(

)(
)

) )

((( )( ) ) ((( )( ) ) ((( )( ) ) (( )( ((( )( + (( )(


) ) ) ) ) )

(( (( (( ( ( )( )(
)

)(

)( ( (

(
) )

( ( (
)

)( ) ) ( ) ( ) ) )( ) ) ( )( ) ) )( ) ) ( ) ( ) ) ( (
) ( )(

)( )(
)

) )

)( )(

( (

)( )(

)( )( ) (

( (

)( ) ) (( )( ) )
( )(

)( ) (
)

)( (

)( ) (
)

)(

)(

( ( (

)(

(
)

)( ) ) (( )( ( ( )( ) )( )( ) ) ( (
( )(

(
)

)( ( (

( )( ) ( )(
) (

)( ) ) )(
)( ) )

[((( )( ((( )(

)( )( (
)

)(
)

)] 690 )
)

((( )( ((( )(
)

)( )(
)

)( ) )( )( ) )
( )(

)(
)

( ( )(

)( ) (
) ( )(

)(
)

) )

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((( )( ) ) ((( )( ) ) ((( )( ) ) (( )( ((( )( + (( )(


) ) ) ) ) ) )

(( (( (( ( ( )( )(
)

)( )(

) )

( (
)

)( )( (

) )

( (
)

)( )( ( )( ) (
)

) )

( (
)

)( ) ) ( )( ) ) )( ) ) ( )( ) ) (
)

)(
)

)(

)(

)( ) ) ( )( ) ) ( (
) ( )( )

)( )( ) (

( (

)( ) ) (( )( ) )
( )(

)( (

)( ) ( )

)(

)(

( ( (

)(

(
)

)( ) ) (( )( ( ( )( ) )( )( ) ) ( (
) ( )(

(
)

)( ( (

( )( ) ( )(
) (

)( ) ) )(
)( ) )

[((( )( ((( )(

)( )( ( ( (( (( ((
)

)(
)

)] )
)

((( )( ((( )( ((( )( ) )

)( )(

) )

)( ) )( )( ) ) )( ( (
) (

)(
)(

(
)

)( ) ( )(
) (

)(
)(

)
)

(
) ) )

)(

(
) )

(
) )

)( ( ( )( ) (
)

( ( (
)

)( ) ) ( )( ) ) )( ) ) ( ) ( ) ) )( ) ) ( )( ) ) ( (
) ( )( )

((( )( ) ) ((( )( ) ) (( )( ((( )( + (( )(


) ) ) ) ) ) )

)( )(
)

)( )(

)( )(

)( )( ) (

( (

)( )(
)

( (

)( ) ) (( )( ) )
( )(

)( (

)( ) ( )

)(

)(

( ( (

)(

(
)

)( ) ) (( )( ( ( )( ) )( )( ) ) (
( )(

(
)

)( ( (

( )( ) ( )(
) (

)( ) ) )(
)( ) )

[((( )( ((( )(

)( )( ( ( (( (( ((
)

)(
)

)] )
)

((( )( ((( )( ((( )( ) )

)( )(

) ) )

)( ) )( )( ) ) )( ( (
) (

)(
)(

(
)

)( ) ( )(
) (

)(
)(

)
)

( (
) )

(
) ) )

)(

(
) )

)( ( ( )( ) (
)

( ( (
)

)( ) ) ( )( ) ) )( ) ) ( )( ) ) )( ) ) ( )( ) ) ( (
) ( )(

((( )( ) ) ((( )( ) ) (( )( ((( )( + (( )(


) ) ) )

)( )(
)

)( )(

)( )(

)( )( ) (

( (

)( )(
)

( (

)( ) ) (( )( ) )
( )(

)( (

)( ) (
)

)(

)(

( (

)(

(
)

)( ) ) (( )( ( )( ) )(

(
)

)( (

( )( ) (

)( ) ) )(
)

[((( )(

)(

)(

)]

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((( )(

) )

( (
)

)(

(
) ) )

)( ) ) ( ( (
) )

)(

(
)

)( (

)(

)
)

((( )( ((( )( ((( )( ) )

)( )(

)( ) )( )( ) ) )( ( (
) (

)(
)(

)( ) ( )(
) (

)(
)(

)
)

( (( (( (( (

(
) ) )

)(

(
) )

)( ( ( )( ) (
)

( ( (
)

)( ) ) ( )( ) ) )( ) ) ( ) ( ) ) )( ) ) ( )( ) ) ( (
) ( )( )

((( )( ) ) ((( )( ) ) (( )( ((( )(


) )

)( )(
)

)( )(

)( )(

)( )( ) (

)( )(
)

( (

)( ) ) (( )( ) )
( )(

)( (

)( ) ( )

)(

)(

And as one sees, all the coefficients are positive. It follows that all the roots have negative real part, and this proves the theorem. Acknowledgments: The introduction is a collection of information from various articles, Books, News Paper reports, Home Pages Of authors, Journal Reviews, the internet including Wikipedia. We acknowledge all authors who have contributed to the same. In the eventuality of the fact that there has been any act of omission on the part of the authors, we regret with great deal of compunction, contrition, and remorse. As Newton said, it is only because erudite and eminent people allowed one to piggy ride on their backs; probably an attempt has been made to look slightly further. Once again, it is stated that the references are only illustrative and not comprehensive. References 1. Nesvizhevsky, Nesvizhevsky et al. (2002-01-17). "Quantum states of neutrons in the Earth's gravitational field".Nature 415 (6869): 297299. Bibcode2002Natur.415..297N. DOI: 10.1038/ 415297a. Retrieved 2011-04-21. Jenke, Geltenbort, Lemmel & Abele, Tobias; Geltenbort, Peter; Lemmel, Hartmut; Abele, Hartmut (2011-04- 17) "Realization of a gravity-resonance-spectroscopy technique". Nature 7 (6): 468 472. Bibcode 2011 NatPh. 468J .DOI:10.1038/nphys1970. Retrieved 2011-04-21. Palmer, Jason (2011-04-18). "Neutrons could test Newton's gravity and string theory". BBC News. 2011-04- 21. Donoghue (1995). "Introduction to the Effective Field Theory Description of Gravity". ArXiv:grqc/9512024 [gr-qc] Kraichnan, R. H. (1955). "Special-Relativistic Derivation of Generally Covariant Gravitation Theory". Physical Review 98 (4): 1118122. Bibcode1955PhRv... 98.1118K. DOI: 10.1103/ PhysRev.98.1118. Gupta, S. N. (1954). "Gravitation and Electromagnetism". Physical Review 96 (6): 16831685. Bibcode 1954 PhRv 96.1683G. DOI:10.1103/PhysRev.96.1683. Gupta, S. N. (1957). "Einstein's and Other Theories of Gravitation". Reviews of Modern Physics 29 (3): 334336 Bibcode 1957RvMP...29..334G.DOI:10.1103/RevModPhys.29.334. Gupta, S. N. (1962). "Quantum Theory of Gravitation". Recent Developments in General Relativity. Pergamon Press. pp. 251258.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

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9.

Deser, S. (1970). "Self-Interaction and Gauge Invariance". General Relativity and Gravitation 1: 9 18. ArXiv:gr-qc/0411023. Bibcode 1970GReGr...1....9D.DOI:10.1007/BF00759198.

10. Ohta, Tadayuki; Mann, Robert (1996). "Canonical reduction of two-dimensional gravity for particle dynamics". Classical and Quantum Gravity 13 (9): 25852602. ArXiv: grqc/9605004. Bibcode 1996CQGra...13.2585O. DOI:10.1088/0264-9381/13/9/022. 11. Sikkema, A E; Mann, R B (1991). "Gravitation and cosmology in (1+1) dimensions. Classical 8: 219235. Bibcode 1991CQGra...8..219S.DOI:10.1088/0264-9381/8/1/022. 12. Farrugia; Mann; Scott (2007). "N-body Gravity and the Schroedinger Equation. Classical 24 (18): 46474659. ArXiv: gr-qc/0611144. Bibcode2007CQGra..24.4647F. DOI:10.1088/02649381/24/18/006. 13. Mann, R B; Ohta, T (1997). "Exact solution for the metric and the motion of two bodies in (1+1)dimensional gravity". Phys. Rev. D. 55 (8): 47234747. ArXiv:grqc/9611008.Bibcode 1997PhRvD..55.4723M. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.55.4723. 14. Feynman, R. P.; Morinigo, F. B., Wagner, W. G., & Hatfield, B. (1995). Feynman lectures on gravitation. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-62734-5. 15. Smolin, Lee (2001). Three Roads to Quantum Gravity. Basic Books. pp. 2025.ISBN 0-465-078354. Pages 220-226 are annotated references and guide for further reading. 16. Hunter Monroe (2005). "Singularity-Free Collapse through Local Inflation". ArXiv:astroph/0506506 [astro-ph]. 17. Edward Anderson (2010). "The Problem of Time in Quantum Gravity".ArXiv:1009.2157 [gr-qc]. A timeline and overview can be found in Rovelli, Carlo (2000). "Notes for a brief history of quantum gravity". ArXiv: gr-qc/0006061 [gr-qc]. 18. Ashtekar, Abhay (2007). "Loop Quantum Gravity: Four Recent Advances and a Dozen Frequently Asked Questions". 11th Marcel Grossmann Meeting on Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity. p. 126.arXiv:0705.2222. Bibcode 2008mgm..conf. .126A.DOI :10.1142/9789812834300_0008. 19. Schwarz, John H. (2007). "String Theory: Progress and Problems". Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 170: 214226. ArXiv: hep-th/0702219. Bibcode2007PThPS.170.. 214S. DOI :10.1143 /PTPS.170.214. 20. Donoghue, John F.(editor), (1995). "Introduction to the Effective Field Theory Description of Gravity". In Cornet, 21. Fernando. Effective Theories: Proceedings of the Advanced School, Almunecar, Spain, 26 June1 July 1995.Weinberg, Steven (1996). "17-18". The Quantum Theory of Fields II: Modern Applications. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-55002-5. 22. Goroff, Marc H.; Sagnotti, Augusto (1985). "Quantum gravity at two loops". Physics Letters B 160: 8186. Bibcode 1985PhLB...160...81G. DOI: 10.1016/0370-2693(85)91470-4. 23. An accessible introduction at the undergraduate level can be found in Zwiebach, Barton (2004). A First Course in String Theory. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83143-1., and more complete overviews in Polchinski, Joseph (1998). String Theory Vol. I: An Introduction to the Bosonic String. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-63303-6. And Polchinski, Joseph (1998b)

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. String Theory Vol. II: Superstring Theory and Beyond. Cambridge University Press. 24. Ibanez, L. E. (2000). "The second string (phenomenology) revolution". Classical & Quantum Gravity 17 (5):11171128. ArXiv:hep-ph/9911499. Bibcode2000 CQGra.. 17.1117I. DOI:10. 1088 /0264-9381/17/5/321. 25. For the graviton as part of the string spectrum, e.g. Green, Schwarz & Witten 1987, sec. 2.3 and 5.3; for the extra dimensions, ibid sec. 4.2. 26. Weinberg, Steven (2000). "31". The Quantum Theory of Fields II: Modern Applications. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-55002-5. 27. Townsend, Paul K. (1996). Four Lectures on M-Theory. ICTP Series in Theoretical Physics. p. 385. ArXiv: hep-th/9612121. Bibcode 1997hepcbconf..385T. 28. Duff, Michael (1996). "M-Theory (the Theory Formerly Known as Strings)". International Journal of Modern Physics A 11 (32): 56235642. ArXiv:hep-th/9608117. Bibcode1996IJMPA ..11 .5623D. DOI :10.1142/S0217751X96002583. 29. Kucha, Karel (1973). "Canonical Quantization of Gravity". In Israel, Werner. Relativity, Astrophysics and Cosmology. D. Reidel. pp. 237288 (section 3). ISBN 90-277-0369-8. 30. Ashtekar, Abhay (1986). "New variables for classical and quantum gravity". Physical Review Letters 57 (18): 22442247. Bibcode 1986PhRvL..57.2244A.DOI:10.1103 /PhysRevLett.57.2244 . PMID 10033673. 31. Thiemann, Thomas (2006). "Loop Quantum Gravity: An Inside View". Approaches to Fundamental Physics 721: 185. ArXiv: hep-th/0608210. Bibcode2007LNP...721...185T. 32. Rovelli, Carlo (1998). "Loop Quantum Gravity". Living Reviews in Relativity 1. Retrieved 200803-13. 33. Ashtekar, Abhay; Lewandowski, Jerzy (2004). "Background Independent Quantum Gravity: A Status Report". Classical & Quantum Gravity 21 (15): R53R152. ArXiv:gr-qc/0404018 . Bibcode 2004CQGra...21R...53A. DOI:10.1088/0264-9381/21/15/R01. 34. Thiemann, Thomas (2003). "Lectures on Loop Quantum Gravity". Lecture Notes in Physics 631: 41135. ArXiv: gr-qc/0210094. Bibcode 2003LNP...631...41T. 35. Isham, Christopher J. (1994). "Prima facie questions in quantum gravity". In Ehlers, J rgen; Friedrich, Helmut. Canonical Gravity: 36. From Classical to Quantum. Springer. ArXiv:gr. ISBN 3-540-58339-4. 37. Sorkin, Rafael D. (1997). "Forks in the Road, on the Way to Quantum Gravity. International 36 (12): 27592781. ArXiv:gr-qc/9706002.Bibcode 1997IJTP...36.2759S. DOI: 10.1007/BF02435709. 38. Loll, Renate (1998). "Discrete Approaches to Quantum Gravity in Four Dimensions". Living Reviews in Relativity 1: 39. ArXiv:gr-qc/9805049. Bibcode1998LRR.....1...13L. Retrieved 2008-03-09. 40. Sorkin, Rafael D. (2005). "Causal Sets: Discrete Gravity". In Gomberoff, Andres; Marolf, Donald. Lectures on Quantum Gravity.

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Journal of Natural Sciences Research ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.2, No.4, 2012

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41. Hawking, Stephen W. (1987). "Quantum cosmology". In Hawking, Stephen W.; Israel, Werner. 300 Years of Gravitation. Cambridge University Press. pp. 631651. ISBN 0-521-37976-8. 42. Hossenfelder, Sabine (2011). "Experimental Search for Quantum Gravity". In V. R. Frignanni. Classical and Quantum Gravity: Theory, Analysis and Applications. Chapter 5: Nova Publishers. ISBN 978-1-61122-957-8. First Author: 1Mr. K. N.Prasanna Kumar has three doctorates one each in Mathematics, Economics, Political Science. Thesis was based on Mathematical Modeling. He was recently awarded D.litt., for his work on Mathematical Models in Political Science--- Department of studies in Mathematics, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, Karnataka, India Corresponding Author:drknpkumar@gmail.com Second Author: 2Prof. B.S Kiranagi is the Former Chairman of the Department of Studies in Mathematics, Manasa Gangotri and present Professor Emeritus of UGC in the Department. Professor Kiranagi has guided over 25 students and he has received many encomiums and laurels for his contribution to Co homology Groups and Mathematical Sciences. Known for his prolific writing, and one of the senior most Professors of the country, he has over 150 publications to his credit. A prolific writer and a prodigious thinker, he has to his credit several books on Lie Groups, Co Homology Groups, and other mathematical application topics, and excellent publication history.-- UGC Emeritus Professor (Department of studies in Mathematics), Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India Third Author: 3Prof. C.S. Bagewadi is the present Chairman of Department of Mathematics and Department of Studies in Computer Science and has guided over 25 students. He has published articles in both national and international journals. Professor Bagewadi specializes in Differential Geometry and its wide-ranging ramifications. He has to his credit more than 159 research papers. Several Books on Differential Geometry, Differential Equations are coauthored by him--- Chairman, Department of studies in Mathematics and Computer science, Jnanasahyadri Kuvempu University, Shankarghatta, Shimoga district, Karnataka, India

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