Agri-Food Past, Present and Future Report Netherlands January 2011 The Government of Canada has prepared this

report based on primary and secondary sources of information. Readers should take note that the Government of Canada does not guarantee the accuracy of any of the information contained in this report, nor does it necessarily endorse the organizations listed herein. Readers should independently verify the accuracy and reliability of the information. This report is intended as a concise overview of the market for those interested in its potential and is not intended to provide in-depth analysis which may be required by the individual exporter. Although every effort has been made to ensure that the information is correct, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada assumes no responsibility for its accuracy, reliability, or for any decisions arising from the information contained herein.

Executive Summary
Canada and the maple leaf are very strong and recognized symbols in the Netherlands. English is also widely spoken throughout the country, making it a desirable market for Canadian companies of all size structures. Imports into the Netherlands are very diverse, creating many opportunities for Canadian exporters. Canada has consistently held a positive trade balance with the Netherlands, with Canada's exports to the Netherlands in 2009 totalling $2.8 billion, while agri-food exports accounted for $178.5 million. The Netherlands is one of the world's largest exporters and importers of agri-food products, ranking as the world's 3rd largest exporter of food. Valued at 10% of the Netherlands' GDP, the agri-food sector is an important part of the Dutch economy. Key Canadian investment is represented by companies such as McCain, Bioriginal and Ocean Nutrition. The Netherlands has a well developed, modern consumer market with many sophisticated and diverse tastes. Due to changes in demographics and consumer preferences, there is a greater need for healthier and higher quality food. These preferences are becoming key drivers in the evolving Dutch food market. A continued need for organic food ingredients also exists, as finished organic products can be very expensive after import and transportation costs. Canada's top five exports account for a full 69% of agricultural exports to the Netherlands in 2009 and include soybeans, durum wheat, frozen fruits and nuts, bull semen, and mucilages and thickeners. Canada's Trade Commissioner Service believes that there are opportunities for exporters of seafood (halibut, cod, mackerel, coldwater shrimp) and live mussels, as well as demand for specialty meats.

Overview
As a modern industrialized nation with approximately 16.4 million residents, the Netherlands has the largest population of the small countries of Western Europe. The population is continually increasing and is expected to reach 16.6 million in 2015. The Western part of the country is the most densely populated region containing the key markets of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. The Dutch have a modern infrastructure which facilitates trade within the Netherlands and the entire EU. The Netherlands is one of the founders of NATO and an active participant within the European Union (EU). It is estimated that half of all the goods that enter the EU do so through the ports of Rotterdam (Europe's largest port) and Amsterdam, as well as the Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. Exports and imports of goods and services each account for well over 65% of the Netherlands' nominal GDP, and therefore international trade is crucial to the Dutch economy. The Netherlands enjoyed strong economic growth between 2004 and 2007 with an abrupt slowdown in investment and exports in 2009. This was largely attributed to the global recession. The Dutch economy has been making a modest recovery during 2010. The Netherlands has an agricultural sector that accounts for 2% of GDP, which is larger than in most Western European countries. The Dutch are major exporters of meat and dairy products. In terms of horticultural products, the Dutch take a leading position in the world market. Other sectors worth noting are the manufacturing sector which makes up 11.9% of GDP as well as the comparatively large services sector. The economic down turn impacted the consumer market in the Netherlands. The robust growth the country saw in 2007 declined with the recession and now consumers are finding themselves in a position of having to reconsider what they find to be essential and non-essential items. While it is expected that the sales of certain products like cars, furniture, and luxury items will decline in the short-term, essential items such as food and non-alcoholic beverages will remain stable and possibly increase. With an ageing population and many dual-income households, the Netherlands will see an increase in segments of the population moving towards healthier lifestyles, thus driving the increase in sales for fruits, vegetables, meats, dairy, nuts and grains etc. Canada - Netherlands Relations Canada's relationship with the Netherlands is amicable, strong, and has spanned well over 60 years. Canada and the Netherlands have strong political, cultural, trade and investment ties; which are further solidified by the fact that both countries are active members in the United Nations (UN), World Trade Organization (WTO) and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). Canada has consistently held a positive trade balance with the Netherlands. Canadian exports to the Netherlands are typically semifabricated and primary materials. Recently, manufactured products have become an important Canadian export to the Netherlands. The Netherlands is a member of the EU, and therefore adheres to EU bilateral trade agreements. For more information on CanadaEU relations and agreements, visit the following websites: Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) CANADAEuropawww.international.gc.ca/europe

Canada-European Union - Trade and Investment Enhancement Agreement www.international.gc.ca/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/eu-ue Dutch foreign direct investment in Canada has more than doubled since 2005 from $21 billion to $46 billion in 2009, moving them up from Canada's 4th largest investor to Canada's 3rd largest investor, behind the United States (U.S.) and the United Kingdom (U.K.). Canadian direct investment in the Netherlands totalled $9.8 billion in 2009, ranking the country as Canada's twelfth largest destination, and accounting for 1.7% of Canada's total direct investment abroad. English is widely spoken throughout the Netherlands, making the country a desirable market for Canadian companies of all size structures. Imports into the Netherlands are very diverse, creating many opportunities for Canadian exporters.
Canada-Netherlands Bilateral Trade (2009) Netherlands Total Trade $1.1 trillion Exports Imports Trade balance $565.7 billion $503.5 billion $62.2 billion

Canada-Netherlands Trade $4.7 billion Exports Imports Trade balance $2.8 billion $1.9 billion $886.9 million

Canada-Netherlands Ag Trade $550.8 million Exports Imports Trade balance $178.5 million $372.3 million ($193.7 million)

In 2009, Canada's exports to the Netherlands totalled $2.8 billion, down from $3.7 billion in 2008; a result of the economic down turn. Previous to the recession, Canadian exports saw a steady increase from 2004-2007. Canada's largest exports included ores, mineral fuel, and machinery. Canada's imports from the Netherlands decreased from $2.2 billion in 2008 to $1.9 billion in 2009. Imports primarily consisted of machinery, pharmaceutical products, mineral fuels, beer and raw fur skins.

Agricultural Trade
Canada has traditionally held an agri-food trade deficit with the Netherlands. The Netherlands ranks as Canada's 13th largest agrifood import source. The Netherlands ranks 30th as one of Canada's largest export countries. The Dutch market for Canadian agrifood products has decreased in the past two years. An unfavourable dollar exchange rate seems to be one of the reasons why imports are lower as well as a decrease in oilseed and grain imports. This is another result of the economic down turn but is expected to increase in 2011 after a modest recovery in 2010. The Netherlands is one of the world's largest exporters and importers of agri-food products. The Netherlands is the world's 8th largest exporter but is the world's 3rd largest exporter of food. Valued at 10% of the Netherlands' GDP, the agri-food sector is an important part of the Dutch economy. Key Canadian investment is represented by companies such as McCain, Bioriginal and Ocean Nutrition.
Canada's Top 5 Agricultural Exports to Netherlands (2009) Soybeans Durum wheat Frozen fruits & nuts Bull semen Mucilages & thickeners $62.1 million $38.5 million $7.5 million $6.7 million $6.1 million

Canada's top five exports account for a full 69% of agricultural exports to the Netherlands in 2009. After a dramatic 200% increase from 2005 to 2006, Canada's exports have remained fairly stable but did experience a $48 million decrease between 2007 and 2008. Soybeans, durum wheat and frozen fruits and nuts have remained in Canada's top five exports to the Netherlands consistently over the past five years. In 2010, durum wheat is replaced by fruits and other edible plants.
Canada's Top 5 Agricultural Imports from Netherlands (2009) Beer Raw mink fur skins Bulbs and roots Vegetable seeds Fresh or chilled peppers $126.6 million $50.1 million $39.1 million $25.7 million $16.9 million

Canada's top five imports from the Netherlands represent 69% of total agricultural imports. From 2007-2009, total agri-food and seafood imports from the Netherlands remained fairly constant around $375 million, decreasing significantly as of July 2010 to 173 million. Imports from the Netherlands, compared to exports from Canada, are considerably more diverse. In 2010, raw mink fur skins disappear from the top five imports from the Netherlands to be replaced by cocoa powder.

 In 2009, Canada's bulk exports to the Netherlands were $111 million or 62% of all Canadian agri-food exports. The top five bulk exports were: oilseeds; grains and bulk cereal; cocoa; other textile fibres; and tobacco. Intermediate exports were $31 million or 17% of all Canadian agri-food exports. The top five intermediate exports were: animal/vegetable fats and oils; edible vegetables and roots, tubers and pulses; products of animal origin; oilseeds; and gums, resins and other vegetable saps and extracts. Consumer oriented exports were $35 million or 20% of all Canadian agri-food exports. The top five consumer exports were: fruits and nuts; preparations of vegetables; miscellaneous edible preparations; live tree, plant and flowers horticulture; as well as sugars and sugar confectionary. In 2009, Canada's bulk imports from the Netherlands were $0.8 million or 0.21% of all agri-food imports. The top five bulk imports were: coffee and tea; oilseeds; grains and bulk cereal; sugars and sugar confectionary; wool and animal hair excluding yarn fabrics; and tobacco. Intermediate imports were $115 million or 31% of all Canadian agri-food imports. The top five intermediate imports were: fur skins; oilseeds; animal/vegetable fats and oils; cocoa; and live animals. Consumer oriented imports were $255 million or 69% of all Canadian agri-food imports. The top five consumer imports were: beverages, spirits and vinegar; live tree, plant and flowers horticulture; edible vegetables and roots, tubers and pulses; dairy products, eggs and honey; and cocoa.

Canada Netherlands bulk, intermediate and consumer exports/imports:

Economy
The Netherlands has a mechanized agricultural sector that only employs 2% of the labour force. The Netherlands' major industries include: shipping, fishing, banking, agriculture and horticulture. The Netherlands economy is sustained by the country's sophisticated infrastructure system, strategic location, international trade focus, as well as its established and vital world wide distribution network. The Netherlands economy is closely tied to the EU, and they are the largest contributors to the EU budget in relation to their overall GDP. Despite the positive economic impacts tied to an open and globally significant economy, there are negative implications when weak economic performance occurs on a global scale; their open economy exposes them to global economic fluctuations, which was the case during the recent economic downturn. In the financial sector, credit quality deteriorated as the mortgage market expanded. The mortgage debt-to-GDP ratio is quite high. In order to prevent financial chaos, several banks were nationalized. In 2008, a stimulus package in the amount of 20 billion was approved to help support troubled financial companies. In 2009, private investment fell by more than 9%. Business and consumer confidence have suffered significantly and the government, as a result, announced a series of measures intended to restore confidence. Most of the government funds were used to help the financial sector. The International Monetary Fund Executive Board Assessment concludes that authorities are laying the groundwork for major fiscal consolidation from 2011 onwards, as recovery strengthens.
Gross Domestic Product (2009) GDP GDP (PPP) Real GDP growth GDP/capita GDP/capita (PPP) US$796 billion US$659 billion 3.9% 2007 1.9% 2008 (3.9%) 2009 US$48,209 US$39,877

Current: The Netherlands' exports were valued at $565.7 billion is 2009, down sharply over 2008's total of $676 billion. Primary export commodities include; machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, vegetables and vegetable products. The Netherlands' total imports were valued at $503 billion in 2009, representing a $112 billion decline from 2008's figure of $615 billion. Largest import commodities include; consumer goods, food, fuels, industrial supplies, machinery and transportation. The Netherlands' GDP is ranked as the 15th highest in the world. Commercial services account for 45.7% of GDP. Forecast: Inflation was 1% in 2009 and is expected to increase to 1.3% at the end of 2010 and then to decrease in 2011 to 1.1% After a negative real GDP growth figure of (3.9%) in 2009, the real GDP growth is expected to rise to 1.8% at the end of 2010 and then decrease slightly to 1.7% in 2011. Goods and Services exports were 64.5% of GDP in 2009 and will have increased by the end of 2010 to 77.8%. The forecast is that in 2011 the Goods and Services exports will climb to 80.6%.

Consumer Market
The consumer base of the Netherlands is drawn from a population of 16.4 million. While this is a relatively small consumer base, the market does enjoy the benefits of being very concentrated and compact. Over 10% of the population in the capital of Amsterdam, it is considered to be the most densely populated area in the Netherlands, followed by The Hague and Rotterdam. The Netherlands has a well developed, modern consumer market with many sophisticated and diverse tastes; which is a great

opportunity for Canadian companies to export to the Netherlands. The Dutch population eat a variety of foods which are shaped by many international influences. Despite a rise in disposable income, private consumption also fell in the first half of 2009. Private investment was down by more than 9% in 2009; as a result, consumer and business confidence have dropped significantly, causing the government to announce a series of measures to help restore confidence. The ageing population is one of the Netherlands most significant trends. With the improved healthcare services and products, as well as medical advances in the Netherlands, the inhabitants are living longer. It is projected that by 2015 more than 24% of the population will be over 60 years of age. This may cause increased financial burden on the country's healthcare sector due to the increased number of patients that will be suffering from age-related diseases. The number of dual income households is increasing and at the same time the birth rate is in a steady decline. This can be attributed to the fact that many women are deciding to enter the workforce right away and are deciding to get married and have children at a later date. Many young families are deciding to have fewer children or none at all. Consumer population growth will come from immigration which has already created a much more diverse population; of many countries, Africa is particularly popular. Older consumers will drive the sales of products such as vitamins, medical supplies, exercise and sporting equipment while seniors are trying to keep fit and active while they move towards a healthier lifestyle. It is projected that there will be an increase in recreation as well as travel and tourism due to the relatively affluent Baby Boomer generation. With fewer children in the overall population, sales volume for various children's items is expected to decrease; however, sales are expected to grow over the forecast period as parents begin to spend more money on the fewer children they have. The increase in the dual income households will drive the sales in convenience food items such as frozen foods since making meals from scratch can take quite some time. Household products such as microwave ovens and freezers are expected to increase as well, since the busier lifestyles drive the need for convenience. Some Dutch consumers may opt for dining out as a means of convenience now that many families have a dual income household. Due to changes in demographics and consumer preferences, there is a greater need for healthier and higher quality food. These preferences are becoming key drivers in the evolving Dutch food market. According to Statistics Netherlands, there have been declines in the prevalence of smoking and drinking. There are many segments of the population that seem to be moving towards the benefits of the healthier lifestyle. Although families with young children only comprise a small portion of the Dutch consumer landscape, they are driving trends towards fresh and organic foods. Overall, these consumers have increased health awareness and have developed new preferences for functional, low-fat and organic foods. The Dutch consumer market is expected to see an increase in sales for healthy foods such as fish, yogurt, fruits and vegetables while the sales of the less healthy foods like fats and oils will decline. Wines are in great demand and competition will come from the already popular South African and Australian wines. Large format grocery stores capture approximately 75% of the total food retail market. Discount supermarkets and wholesale outlets offer time saving and efficient settings in which to shop. About two thirds of food retail sales in the Netherlands (estimated at $54 billion in 2008) occurred through the supermarket trade, followed by sales in specialized stores as well as street vendors.

Opportunities
Export Development Canada (EDC) has cited excellent export opportunities for Canadian companies in the foodstuffs sector. In EDC's Trade Opportunities Matrix of the Top Ten Potential Sectors for the Netherlands, the agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing sector is ranked sixth, with domestic market growth for this sector predicted to be 14.9% in 2010. This is a significant increase from 4.5% growth which was expected for the domestic market during 2009. Canada's Trade Commissioner Service believes that there are opportunities for exporters of seafood (halibut, cod, mackerel, coldwater shrimp) and live mussels. After decades of no market access, Canadian pork meat was exported to the Netherlands in 2009. Specialty meats such as bison and wapiti are much in demand in the Netherlands. There is a continued need for organic food ingredients since finished organic products can be very expensive after import and transportation costs. Ingredients in high demand are: lentils, pulses, flax, mustard seed and millet. Healthy fruit such as cranberries and blueberries are popular due to the health benefits associated with these small fruits.

Competitors
Canada's main competition in this market comes from the Netherlands' neighbouring EU countries. The countries of the EU act as a single market and therefore trade within EU borders where there are no tariffs applied to goods. EU internally traded goods are therefore offered at a cheaper price to Dutch consumers. From a company perspective, Canada's key competitors in the Dutch agri-food industry will again be the dominant European Abrands such as Heineken, Danone as well as local brands such as Friesland Foods and Campina that will hold onto their powerful market share in Dutch supermarkets. Nearly 80% of the Netherlands' exportable goods are destined for other EU nations. In addition to domestic goods, the Netherlands acts as an enormous transshipment point for imports destined for the EU. The Netherlands has formed strong trading ties with Germany which represent 22.3% of their export market, Belgium at 9.9% and France at 8.2%.

EU dominance is less evident on the import side of the Netherlands trade. Only 50% of total imports are from EU member nations. Germany still remains the most important partner, representing nearly 17% of the Netherlands imports, Belgium represents 8.7% and the U.S. represents 8.3%. Free trade agreements also exist between the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA), which includes Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. Under these agreements, most industrial products and certain processed agricultural products are exempt from import duties if sold within this trading block. The EU also grants preferential tariffs to roughly 100 developing countries, mainly Africa and the Middle East as well as roughly 40 overseas territories under the EU's Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). A system of providing certificates of origin has been established to ensure that the goods are not diverted through GSP countries to take advantage of lower tariff rates.

Access Issues
The Dutch economy is reliant on trade, and to keep trade levels high, they have made significant efforts to reduce trade barriers. The Netherlands adheres to EU tariffs which are based on the International Harmonized System of product classification. European food and drug legislation differs somewhat from that in Canada. It is advisable to strictly conform to these requirements, especially concerning permitted additives. Duty rates on manufactured goods are generally between 5-8%. Excise taxes are levied on soft drinks, wines, beers, spirits, tobacco, sugar and petroleum products. Value added taxes (VAT) are also levied on certain goods, and range from 6-18%. Packaging and labelling does not present much of a challenge, but it is highly recommended that the declaration of contents also include the Dutch translations. The Dutch market is often considered a perfect starting point when it comes to gaining access to the entire European market. It is highly recommended to take advantage of Canadian representation within the Netherlands, and contact the Agriculture, Food and Beverages Trade Commissioner; visit www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca or refer to the contact information included at the end of this report. For further information on market access to the EU, visit Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's Agri-Food Regional Profile European Union 27 at: www.ats-sea.agr.gc.ca/eur/4148-eng.htm

Business Travel Tips

In Business dealings, the Dutch tend to be more informal using mainly first names, especially in international situations. Conducting business affairs over lunch is unusual in the Netherlands as lunch is more of a quick snack. Employees tend to stay with one employer for long periods of time resulting in company loyalty and an interest in long-term goals. Violent crime rarely occurs. Tourists must be aware that pick pocketing and bag snatching frequently occur in the big cities, particularly in Amsterdam. Do not carry valuables or large sums of money. Do not leave personal belongings or baggage in a vehicle at any time. A Canadian passport is required for travel to the Netherlands. The passport must be valid for beyond 3 months after the expected departure date from the country. Canadians also require proof of a return or onward airline ticket as well as sufficient funds to use within the Netherlands. Tourist or Business visas are not required for stays of less than 90 days within a 6 month period. For more travel tips regarding the Netherlands, please visit the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade's Travel

Agriculture Sector & Policies

The Dutch agricultural sector has many strengths such as competiveness and favourable geographic conditions. However, the cost of land is high and can be attributed to the agricultural sector operating in a densely populated and prosperous country. Agriculture and horticulture account for approximately two-thirds of land use in the Netherlands. Grasslands account for over 50% of all agricultural lands and more than 27% of the country's total land area is used in crop production. The Dutch agricultural sector is also very focused on international trade and as a result, very influenced by the global economy. The highly mechanized agricultural sector within the Netherlands employs approximately 2% of the labour force; more importantly, the efficient agricultural sector provides large surpluses for the food processing industry as well as for exporting. The agricultural sector incorporates the production of commodities such as: cereals, roots and tubers, sugars, fruit, vegetables, oilseeds, spices, coffee, beans and pulses, tea and cocoa. The low-lying and well-irrigated landscape of the country benefits the farmers in helping to make their farms more efficient. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the cornerstone of the EU's economic integration, and it is a policy that guides the agrifood industry in the Netherlands. It guarantees food supplies at stable and reasonable prices, as well as the modernization of agricultural structures and a fair standard of living for farmers. The EU has established a system of common prices, production and marketing aids, storage arrangements, mechanisms for import controls, export restitutions and specialization of production. This common approach to all European agricultural markets is based on the principles of market unity, joint financial responsibility and community preference. Since the nineties, growth of agricultural production has slowed down and the number of farms is declining rapidly. This can be attributed to reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) or new developments in environmental policies. There are still many smaller farms which have continued to enlarge their farms and broaden their services that they offer. However, while agricultural production has decreased in recent years, labour productivity within the Dutch agricultural and horticultural sector has increased.

National Agri-food Biotech Inst projects to boost agri prodn

If the research undertaken by the National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Punjab proceeds in the right direction, one can see seedless custard apple or litchi seeds, kinnow peel, seed or leftover and rice bran being converted into high-value molecules. These researches are likely to change the face of agriculture and horticulture sector in a few years. At present the institute, one of its kind, aims at catalysing the transformation of agri-food sector in India, It is working on four projects improvement of wheat for nutrition and quality, development of seedless fruits, elimination of specific problem related to kinnows like bitterness, making high-value molecules from its peel, seed and its leftovers and lastly conversion of agri-by products like rice straw, husk, bran into high-value molecules. Speaking to Business Standard, Executive Director, NABI, Dr Rakesh Tuli, said, At the moment, we are working on four projects. Out of the four projects, we will be able to designate our flagship research in the next six months. The researches are likely to take 2 to 5 years to take practical shape. All the four researches are aimed at deriving maxim benefit from a particular crop and will give a fillip to the agriculture sector in India. Commenting upon researches being undertaken, he said, We are working on improvement of wheat for nutrition and quality. There are several methods to improve nutrition and quality. One is by making the contents like iron, vitamin A, zinc available to the body, second is by fortification, breeding and third by nutrition enrichment through bio-technology methods. We are also working on developing seedless fruit like custard apple and litchi. This will help food processors and size of fruit will be bigger as seeds will be eliminated. Also, we are doing research on using agri-by product to convert into high-value molecules like in the cases of rice husk, rice straw and rice bran. Besides, we are working on kinnow, so its bitterness can be removed that will help in juice extraction and peel, seeds, left over will be converted into high-value molecules. We will act as an institute for knowledge generation and translational science leading to value-added products based on agri-food biotech innovations. Also, we will develop synergy among knowledge providers and investors in agri-food sector to carry innovations to the marketplace, he added. It is worth noting that the NABI, an ambitious project of the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology, government of India, is likely to be ready in the next three years. The autonomous institute along with a bio-processing unit, would become Indias first Institute in the field of agri-biotechnology, for which the Centre has earmarked Rs 400 crore to be injected in the next five years. Further, the institute along with bio-processing unit and biotech park would be spread over 130 acres at Knowledge City at Mohali (Punjab). Of the total allocated 130 acres for the cluster, NABIs permanent campus would be built on 35 acres while the bioprocessing unit and biotech park would come up on 15 acres and 80 acres, respectively. The interim facility in Mohali (Punjab) is partially operational and would be fully functional in the next six months. The facility would prepare value-added products based on agriculture and undertake new researches related to agriculture.

Agriculture Sector of Indian Economy

Agriculture Sector of Indian Economy is one of the most significant part of India. Agriculture is the only means of living for almost
two-thirds of the employed class in India. As being stated by the economic data of financial year 2006-07, agriculture has acquired 18 percent of India's GDP. The agriculture sector of India has occupied almost 43 percent of India's geographical area. Agriculture is still the only largest contributor to India's GDP even after a decline in the same in the agriculture share of India. Agriculture also plays a significant role in the growth of socio-economic sector in India. In the earlier times, India was largely dependent upon food imports but the successive stories of the agriculture sector of Indian economy has made it self-sufficing in grain production. The country also has substantial reserves for the same. India depends heavily on the agriculture sector, especially on the food production unit after the 1960 crisis in food sector. Since then, India has put a lot of effort to be self-sufficient in the food production and this endeavor of India has led to the Green Revolution. The Green Revolution came into existence with the aim to improve the agriculture in India. The services enhanced by the Green Revolution in the agriculture sector of Indian economy are as follows:

Water management Plan protection activities through prudent use of fertilizers, pesticides, and cropping applications All these measures taken by the Green Revolution led to an alarming rise in the wheat and rice production of India's agriculture. Considering the quantum leap witnessed by the wheat and rice production unit of India's agriculture, a National Pulse Development Programme that covered almost 13 states, was set up in 1986 with the aim to introduce the improved technologies to the farmers. A Technology Mission was introduced in 1986 right after the success of National Pulse Development Programme to boost the oilseeds sector in Indian economy. Pulses too came under this programme. A new seed policy was planned to provide entree to superior quality seeds and plant material for fruits, vegetables, oilseeds, pulses, and flowers. The Indian government also set up Ministry of Food Processing Industries to stimulate the agriculture sector of Indian economy and make it more lucrative. India's agriculture sector highly depends upon the monsoon season as heavy rainfall during the time leads to a rich harvest. But the entire year's agriculture cannot possibly depend upon only one season. Taking into account this fact, a second Green Revolution is likely to be formed to overcome the such restrictions. An increase in the growth rate and irrigation area, improved water management, improving the soil quality, and diversifying into high value outputs, fruits, vegetables, herbs, flowers, medicinal plants, and bio-diesel are also on the list of the services to be taken by the Green Revolution to improve the agriculture in India.

Acquiring more area for cultivation purposes Expanding irrigation facilities Use of improved and advanced high-yielding variety of seeds Implementing better techniques that emerged from agriculture research