A REVISED SURVEY OF THE S E V E N T E E N T H - C E N T U R Y T O K E N S OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE

GEORGE BERRY AND PETER MORLEY

M A N T O N A N D H O L L I S produced the standard work on the seventeenth-century trade tokens of Buckinghamshire between the years 1926 and 1931, in the form of three papers in BNJ xviii, xix, and xx (1925-6, 1927-8, and 1929-30).1 Spink & Son Ltd. reprinted the papers as one volume, whilst the Buckinghamshire Archaeological Society organized a limited edition of seventy-five overprints in 1933. This latter included a further corrigenda, an index, and the woodcuts exhibited by Manton in support of his paper to the Society delivered on 24 February 1926. Of the seventy-five copies, only twenty-five were scheduled for sale at 1. \s. each, the others being distributed by the authors as they saw fit. A small number of copies were sold by Manton's widow, in the late 1940s, for 8J. each. Forty years have elapsed since this work appeared and, though a further list has been published,2 the authors feel that a revision is needed to clarify certain points which have puzzled previous writers. Accordingly, this survey is an attempt to provide a completely up-to-date list of the tokens, together with a brief analysis of the style of the pieces on the lines of Milne's excellent catalogue of the Oxfordshire series.3 Milne showed that a study of the style, especially of the borders, gave an indication as to whether a certain piece appeared early in the series (1648-c. 1664), or late in the series (c. 1659-1672). This helps in giving a loose dating to the many undated tokens in the series.4 Those tokens which can definitely be attributed to David Ramage must have been struck prior to 1662, the year he died. The tokens in the list have not been described in full as it is hoped this will be incorporated as a primary feature in a new work on the
1 James Odom Manton and Edwin Hollis, Buckinghamshire Trade Tokens Issued in the Seventeenth Century. 2 Peter Seaby, A Guide to the Token Coinage of the 17th Century. Part 1: Home Counties, Buckinghamshire, Seaby's Coin and Medal Bulletin, July-August 1960. 3 John Grafton Milne, Catalogue of Oxfordshire Seventeenth Century Tokens, Oxford University Press, 1935. 4 It is now generally accepted that, as was first suggested by Milne, the majority of tokens of earlier (preRestoration) issue or date, have an outer border of labels and an inner one of cable pattern. The majority of the later tokens have an outer border of diamonds and an inner one of dots. Study of the Buckinghamshire series has revealed one exception to the above 'rule'. While Milne found no Oxford county token of the later style dated before 1659, the earliest in the

series now under review is dated 1656 (no. 14, Stephen Dagnall of Aylesbury). Admittedly this has no inner circles and is struck in lead, thus marking it apart from the general run of seventeenth-century tokens. Similarly, the issue of tokens with the earlier style of outer border appears to have been carried out until the mid 1660s. The latest-dated piece with this type of border is no. 85 (Richard Robinson of Eton), dated 1666. Other late pieces of this style, though dated 1664, are nos. 183 and 202. There are also three cases of 'border muling' between early and late styles in the Buckinghamshire series, although in two of the three cases it only involves the outer border. The three tokens are no. 68, (John Tyler of Chesham), no. 200 (Daniel Sayer of Winslow), and no. 213 (Thomas Butterfield of Wycombe). The exception is no. 200, where the plain line inner circle on the obverse becomes one of round dots. Only the first of the three is dated, 1665.

TOKENS OF B U C K I N G H A M S H I R E

97

tokens and their issuers to be published independently. Reasonably accurate, but not infallible, complete readings were provided by Manton and Hollis in their papers. Manton and Hollis themselves not only listed all the tokens of the county known to them, but they also interested themselves in the issuers, unearthing a considerable amount of detail concerning their personal as well as their business lives. They relied chiefly on parish registers and documents preserved in the Muniment Room of the County Museum, Aylesbury, but did not consult hearth tax and quarter-session records, borough archives, wills, inventories, and records of the Free Churches. Using these sources the writers have been enabled to fill in some of the gaps and discover a great deal more about the men and women who issued the tokens, including their family background, their social status, and their political and religious leanings. Twelve tokens have been added to the list originally published by Manton and Hollis, and fourteen omitted. A considerable number of amendments have been made, all of which are outlined below. The writers have prepared a table of all the Buckinghamshire tokens in this series known to them, in order to compile the study of die-axes which appears in this paper. Sources used have been museums throughout the United Kingdom, private collections, and the stocks of the larger London coin dealers. Of the 1,494 tokens detailed in the study, 972 are in museum collections, or just over 65 per cent of the total. The commonest token is no. 13, that of Edward Cope, draper of Aylesbury. Altogether seventy-three specimens have been examined. The second commonest in no. 147, John Gaynes of Olney, of which forty-three examples have been recorded, and the third commonest is no. 132, Samuel Lambert of Newport Pagnell. Other common tokens are no. 12, Gyles Childe of Aylesbury, no. 177, Edward Purcell of Thornborough, and no. 217, Jeremiah Gray of High Wycombe. Many tokens in the Buckinghamshire series are extremely rare. There are, in fact, fourteen pieces of which only one example is believed known, and a further eight tokens of which the writers have only managed to examine a single specimen.1 No specimens of nos. 4, 112, 128, or 140 have come to light in researches. With the exception of no. 4, these are descriptions copied from William Boyne's Tokens Issued in the Seventeenth Century. However, specimens of nos. 112 and 140 are recorded as having been on the market in the last twenty years. Likewise, the writers have failed to unearth any specimens of nos. 47, 169, and 184. A study of the dated pieces is of interest:
1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1 1 8 7 0 3 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 3 4 6 1 3 2 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 4 1 8 7 19 11 1668 1669 1670 1671 25 17 5 5

It will be seen that the peak years of issue were 1666, 1668, and 1669. The earliest
The fourteen pieces of which only one example is believed known are nos. 10 (ex Lowsley sale, Sotheby, 3 May 1899, lot 4), no. 24 (excavated Aylesbury, July 1927), no. 59, no. 65, no. 76, no. 105 (ex Glendining, 12 July 1929, lot 361), no. 110, no. 143 (ex RatclifF collection), no. 153 (ex Browne Willis collection), no. 156 (ex RatclifF collection), no. 157,
4980 C 75 H

no. 210 (ex Albert Taplin bequest, 1929), no. 231, and no. 232. Apart from the above, the eight tokens of which the writers have only been able to examine one specimen are nos. 25, 70, 71, 125, 131, 180, 206, and 214.

98

A REVISED SURVEY OF THE

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY

dated Buckinghamshire tokens appeared in the north of the county, namely John Hartley's at Buckingham (1650) and William Inns's at Fenny Stratford (1651). The majority of tokens are dated (141 out of 235). The latest to appear were four at Chesham and one at Brill, all in 1671. A large number of undated tokens were issued at Newport Pagnell (14 out of 17) and at Stony Stratford (11 out of 15, all very early in style), and at Winslow (7 out of 13). Of the six dated tokens at Winslow, five bear the date 1666. All the Fenny Stratford tokens, on the other hand, were dated, yet with one exception, they are all early (1651-6). All these facts point to a definite pattern of distribution. It seems likely that agents toured the towns and villages to canvass the tradesmen and gain orders for Ramage and the other London die-sinkers. Their route can almost be traced. It is not sheer chance that five Winslow tokens bear the same date, and four of Chesham are all dated 1671. The fact that it seems customary for the tokens issued in some areas to be undated bears witness that the agents suggested what was put on the tokens. Nowhere is this more true than in the north-east of the county, where no less than twenty-three tokens from seven places in an eight-mile radius of each other bear the same device, a pair of scales. This must have been somewhat confusing for local housewives, for the traders were not all grocers.1 There can be little doubt that the dies for most of the Buckinghamshire tokens were centrally engraved. The majority of the earlier ones bear the unmistakable stamp of Ramage. The later tokens were almost certainly struck from dies made in London, as the same punches used to make the dies for them have also been used to produce dies for a number of London tokens. This follows the pattern of the Oxfordshire series. In his catalogue, Milne pointed out (Introduction, xv) that it appeared the dies of the Ramage tokens were adjusted so as to be struck in two positions only. However, the writers, having examined a great number of specimens of one county than did Milne, have found that the Ramage tokens issued in Buckinghamshire can occur with as many as three (nos. 69, 72, 79, and 234) or even four (nos. 102 and 223) different die-axes. In all, the writers have noted that ten tokens in the Buckinghamshire series occur with four different die positions.
CATALOGUE OF Amersham 1. M. 1 2. M. 2 BW. 3. M. 3 BW. 4. M. 4 BW. 5. M. 5 BW. 6. M. 6 BW. 7. M. 7 BW. Andrew Barowes Andrew Burrowes John Cocke Francis Lane Elizabeth Rutt William Statham Richard Webb TOKENS

Id.

1652

A.B.

CLOTHWORKER

1 2 3 4 5 6

\d.
id.

1665
1666

A.F.B.
I.M.C.
F.G.L.

Clothworkers' Arms
Unicorn
FL

\d. id.
id.

1666 1668
1653

E.R.
W.B.S.

monogram Shuttle

\d. id.

'66 1659

R.S.W. I.H.B.

Hand holding axe over leaf Mercers' Arms

Aylesbury 8. M. 8 BW. 7

Joseph Bell

1 The tokens in question, bearing a pair of scales, are nos. 37 (Broughton), 82 and 83 (Emberton), 121, 122, 123, 124, 128, 132, 134, and 136 (Newport Pag-

nell), 139 (North Crawley), 142-9 (Olney), 155 and 156 (Sherington), and 181 (Warrington).

TOKENS OF B U C K I N G H A M S H I R E 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. M. M. M. M. M. M. 9 BW. 8 10 11 BW. 9 12 BW. 10 13 BW. 11 14 William Burgas William Burges Richard Butler Gyles Childe Edward Cope Stephen Dagnall id. id. \d. id. id. id. 1670 1670 1666 Turk's head Turk pouring coffee (Square) Crown, R.B. below MERCER, Mercers' Arms Drapers' Arms Book (Fig. 1) (Lead)

99

R.S.B. G.D.C. E.D.C. S.I.D.

1656

FIG. 1

No.

14

15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

M. M. M. M. M.

16 BW. 12 17 15 18 BW. 14 19 BW. 15

W(illiam) D(awney) John Dossett Joseph Freer John Hill Thomas Hill Joseph Saxton Thomas Stratford Alexander Trott W(illiam) W(elch) Francis Wethered T(homas) C(ocke) Thomas Cocke John Foscet J(oseph) G(rimsdale) Henry Tripp William Willis

20. M. 20 BW. 16 21. M. 21 BW. (Wilts. 224) 22. M. 22 BW. 17 23. M. 23 BW. 13 24. M. 25 25. M. 24 BW. 18 Beaconsfield 26. M. 26 BW. 27. M. 27 BW. 28. M. 28 BW. 29. M. 29 BW. 30. M. 30 BW. 31. M. 31 BW. Brill 32. M. 33. M. 34. M. 35. M. 36. M.

1657 W.E.D. Bust of King Henry VIII id. (as above, detail differences in dies) id. 1670 Malt shovel I.I.D. id. 1652 I.M.F. MARCER, Mercers' Arms id. TALLOW CHANDLER, Man dipping 1665 candles id. T.R.H. MERCER, Mercers' Arms St. George and the Dragon id. I.S. id. id. id. id. 1667 1669
T.M.S. A.A.T. W.I.W. F.W.

GROCER, Grocers' Arms

TALLOW CHANNDLER, Man

1660

dipping candles DRAPER, Mercers' Arms

19 22 20 23 21 24

id. id. id. id. id. id. id. id. id. id. id.

T.I.C. T.K.C.

1669 1658 1668 1668 1671 1669

I.M.G. H.A.T. W.F.W.

Cock Paschal lamb B over date Stick of candles Bull

32 33 34 35 36

BW. 25 BW. 26 BW. 28 BW. 29

Thomas Cater William Clark William Goldar J H Elizabeth Scarlett

T.E.C. W.E.C. W.A.G. I. H .

1669

E.S.

Mercers' Arms MERSER, Mercers' Arms AT THE HALF MONE, Half moon Grocers' Arms

Broughton 37. M. 38 Buckingham 38. M. 39 BW. 39. M. 40 BW. 40. M. 43 BW. 41. M. 41 BW. 42. M. 41a 43. M. 42 44. M. 44 BW.

John Wilson

id.

I.W.

Scales

31 30 33 32

William Atton Elizabeth Crawley John Hartlee John Hartlee John Hartlee John Hartley

34

id. 1663 W.E.A. DRAPER, T w o bells id. Heron 1668 Heart id. 1650 I.H. id. Heart (reads BVCKINGGAM) I.H. (as above, detail differences in rev. die) I.H. Heart (reads BVCKINGGAME) id. 1660 I.H. Heart id.

100

A REVISED SURVEY OF THE John Hartley John Hartley Junior John Kew John Rennals John Rennals Peter Reynoldes George Robins Id. -}d. id. id. id. id. 1660 1665 1668 1668 '58

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY
I.H. I.H.

45. M. 45 BW. (Uncertain 39) 46. M. 46 BW. 35 47. M. 47 48. M. 48 49. M. 49 BW. 36 50. M. 50 BW. 37 51. M. 51 BW. 38 Chalfont St. Peter 52. M. 52 BW. 39 53. M. 53 BW. 40 54. M. 54 BW. 41 Chesham 55. M. 55 56. M. 56 57. M. 57 58. M. 58 59. M. 60 60. M. 59 61. M. 61 62. M. 62

Heart, tree

I.E.R. P.F.R. G.R.

Strip of lace Strip of lace Strip of lace MERCER, lamb couchant

John Bennitt Jarvice Good Edward White

id. id. id.

1668 1664

I.O.B. I.M.G.

Greyhound Greyhound Crossed keys

BW. BW. BW. BW.

42 43 45 46

BW. 44 BW. 47 BW. 49

Richard Amond William Childe Rise Davis Abraham Garraway William Grome William Guome John Grover Thomas Hall

id. id. id. id. id. id. id. id.

1664 1671 1671 1671 1671 1655

R.D.A. W.M.C. R.E.D. A.M.G. W.S.G. W.S.G. I.I.G.

Clothworkers' Arms BREWER, Brewers' Arms HIS i Crossed pipes Pair of shears Pair of shears

63. M. 63 64. M. 64 BW. 48 65. (SNC, May 1937) 66. M. 65 BW. 51 67. M. 66 BW. 50 68. M. 67 BW. 52 69. M. 68 BW. 53 70. M. 69 71. (unpubd.) Colnbrook 72. M. 223 (Devon 73. M. 224 (Devon 74. M. 70 75. M. 225 (Devon 76. M. 226 (Devon 77. M. 227 (Devon 78. M. 228 (Devon 79. M. 229 (Devon

James Joyse Thomas Slauter Samuel Trecher Samuel Trecher John Tyler Richard Ware Samuell Ware

MERCER, Grocers' Arms, roll of cloth (as above, detail differences in obv. die) I.M.I. '58 id. Cordwainers' Arms 1669 T.M.S. id.
S.G.T. id. 1653 MERCER, Mercers' Arms 1665 S.I.T. id. Mercers' Arms 1665 I.A.T. id. R.P.W. id. 1653 S.S.W. id. 1658 (as above, detail differences in obv. die)

BW. 42) BW. 43) BW. 44) BW. 45) BW. 46) BW. 47) BW. 48)

Thomas Burcombe John Forise Alee Goad John Guy Widow Homes John Hosey Samuell Mills Edmund Slocombe

id. id. id. id. id. id. id. id. '57 1653 1667 1669 1652

T.D.B. I.S.F.

Hart AT Ye, Bear

AT THE BELL,

I.B.G. S.H. I.I.H. S.M.M. E.D.S.

CHANDLER, AT Y E BALL,

Bell Cock Ball Angel

AT THE ANGELL,

Ostrich Three stags

Edlesborough 80. M. 71 BW. 55 81. M. 72

Daniell Finch

D.S.F. id. 1666 (as above, detail differences in obv. die)

T O K E N S O F B U C K I N G H A M S H I R E 117 Emberton 82. M . 73 BW. 56 83. M . 74 BW. 57 Eton 84. M. 76 BW. 59 85. M. 77 BW. 60 Fenny Stratford 86. M . 79 BW. 87. M . 80 BW. 88. M. 81 BW. 89. M. 82 BW. 90. M . 83 Great Horwood 91. M . 90 BW. 92. M . 91 BW. 93. M . 94 BW. 94. M. 93 BW. 95. M. 95 J o h n Peirceson Anthony Scaldwell \d.
ID.

1668
1664 A.A.S.

Scales
Scales

T h o m a s Collings Richard Robinson

id. ID.

1669 1666

R.A.R.

Fleur-de-lis Crossed pipes

63 64 65 66

Robert Honnor Robert Honnor William Inns J o h n Smalbons

id.
id. id. id.

1655
'67 1651 1656

R.L.H.
R.L.H. W.A.I. I.E.S.

Grocers' A r m s

Hat

(as above, detail differences in dies)

72 71 75 74

John Carter Henry Feilden Francis W o o d c o c k Francis Woodcock Francis Woodcocke

id. id. id. id.

id.

1668 1668 F.E.W. F.E.W.

F.F.W.

Scales Acorn Haberdashers' Arms Haberdashers' A r m s

Haddenham 96. M . 84 BW. 67 97. M . 85 Hambledon 98. M. 86 BW. (Hants 75) Horton 99. M. 230 BW. (Yorks. 127) Hughenden 100. M . 88 BW. 68 101. M . 89 BW. 70 Iver 102. M . 96 BW. 76 Ivinghoe 103. M. 97 BW. 77 104. M . 98 BW. 79 105. M. 98a Lavendon 106. M. 99 BW. 80 Leckhamstead 107. M . 100 BW. 81 Little Brickhill

J o h n Morefeld J o h n Morfield

id. id.

I.M. I.M.

CARRIER, M a n w a l k i n g CARRIER, M a n w a l k i n g

John Lane

id.

1669

I.M.L.

Horseshoe

George G o a d

id.

1669

G.M.G.

Francis Barnaby Francis Barnaby Nicholas Mervin

id. id. id.

F.A.B.

GROCER,

Three tuns GROCER, Three tuns Bakers' Arms

N.E.M.

BAKER,

Robert Barnes Henry Butler J o h n Tomes

id. id. id.

R.S.B.

MERCER,

'67
I.S.T.

Scales BAKER, Bakers' Arms MERCER, Horse

E d m o n d Baltswell

id.

E.A.B.

Bakers' Arms
AT YE COCK, C o c k

A b r a h a m Taylor

id.

1669

108. M. 101 BW. 82 Little Horwood 109. M . 92 BW. 73

Charles Lord H u g h Willeatt

id.

1669

M a n making candles

id.

H.A.W.

Crowned rose

102 Mar low 110. M. 111. M. 112. M. 113. M. 114. M. 115. M. 116. M. 117. M. 118. M. 119. M.

A REVISED SURVEY OF THE 103 102 BW. 104 BW. 105 BW. 106 BW. 107 BW. 108 BW. 109 BW. Ill 110 BW. Alice Bouler Alice Boules Stephen Harris Stephen Harris Thomas Lane Alice Parker Peter Rivers Tho. Smith Silvester Widmere

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY

83 85 86 87 84 88 89 90

A.B. Queen's bust crowned id. A.B. id. Queen's bust crowned Scales S.D.H. id. Scales 1669 S.D.H. id. T.L. 1666 id. A.P. Queen's bust crowned id. Family Arms P.A.R. -Id. 1667 Crossed guns T.I.S. id. Griffin S.K.W. id. (as above, detail differences in dies)

Mursley 120. M. 112 BW. 91

Henry Pitkin

id.

1668

SILKE WEAVER, S h u t t l e

Newport Pagnell 121. M. 113 BW. 92 William Breden 122. M. 114 BW. 93 John Burgis 123. M. 115 BW. 94 Josias Chapman 124. M. 116 BW. 95 John Child 125. M. 117 BW. 96 John Child Edward Cooper 126. (unpubd.) 127. M. 118 BW. 98 Edward Cooper 128. M. 119 BW. 97 Edward Cooper 129. (AT. & Q 1928) James Davis 130. M. 120 BW. 99 John Davis 131. M. 121 BW. 100 Rob. Hooton 132. M. 122 BW. 101 Samuell Lambert 133. M. 124 BW. 103 John Norman 134. M. 123 BW. 102 John Norman 135. M. 125 BW. 104 Thomas Perrott S 136. M. 126 BW. 105 W 137. BW. (Hants 117) John Thornton Newton Longville 138. M. 127 BW. (Lanes. 88) Jeffery Willison

id. ID.

1668

W.E.B. I.S.B.

id.
id.

i.e.
I.R.C.

id. id. id.

ID. id. id. id.

1667 1667
E.C. E.E.C. I.E.D. I.I.D. R.E.H. I.E.N. I.N. T.E.P. W.F.S. I.E.T.

Scales Scales Scales Scales Tobacco and pipes {Lead) defaced (reads PAYNELL) Grocers' Arms (reads PANNELL) Scales Skinners' Arms Drapers' Arms Scales Grocers' Arms Scales Heart Scales Thornbush Tobacco and pipes

id.
id.

id.
id. id. id.

Id.

1667

i.i.w.

North Crawley 139. M. 128 BW. 106 Nicholas Steele Northall 140. M. 129 BW. (Middx. 158) 141. M. 130 BW. (Middx. 159) Olney 142. M. 143. M . 144. M. 145. M. 146. M. 147. M. 148. M. 149. M. 133 136 134 137 138 140 139 141 William Ashby William Ashby

id.
\d. Id. 1666 1668

N.M.S.

Scales

W.A.A. W.A.A.

BW. 107 John Amps Robert Aspray BW. 108 BW. 109 James Brierly BW. 110 Moses Freeman BW. 111 John Gaynes BW. 112 Joseph Scrivener

id. 1662 I.R.A. Scales id. 1662 R.M.A. Scales (as above, detail differences in dies) id. 1658 I.M.B. Scales id. 1668 M.E.F. Scales id. 1652 I.S.G. Scales (as above, detail differences in obv. die) id. 1668 I.E.S. Scales

T O K E N S O F B U C K I N G H A M S H I R E 119 Princes 150. M. 151. M. 152. M. 153. M. Risborough 144 BW. 114 Edward Barnaby 143 Edward Barnaby 142 BW. 113 145 BW. 115 Thomas Headeach id.
id. 1665

E.W.B.
E.W.B.

Three tuns

(as above, detail differences in rev. die) id. 1669 T.E.H. Fleur-de-lis (Fig. 2) (Square)

FIG. 2

No.

153

FIG.

3 No. 154

Shenley 154. M. 146 BW. (Herts. 184)

Joseph Inns

id.

1670

I.E.I.

(Fig. 3) (Octagonal)

Sherington 155. M. 147 BW. 116 Edward Britnell 156. M. 148 Edward Britnell Soulbury 157. BW. (Wilts. 209) John Neale Steeple Claydon 158. M. 149 BW. 117 William N o r m a n Stewkley 159. M. 150 BW. 118 Thomas Coles Stokenchurch 160. BW.(Oxon. 189) George Cubbidge Stony Stratford 161. M. 151 BW. 119 162. M. 152 BW. 120 163. M. 153 BW. 122 164. M. 154 BW. 121 165. M. 155 BW. 123 166. M. 156 BW. 124 167. M. 157 BW. 125 168. M. 158 BW. 126 169. (Faulkner sale) 170. M. 159 BW. 127 171. M. 160 BW. 128 172. M. 161 BW. 129 173. M. 162 BW. 130 174. M. 163 BW. 131 175. M. 164 BW. 132 Swanbourne 176. M. 167 BW. 133 John Bavin Thornborough 111. M. 168 BW. 134 Edward Purssell Francis Anderton Robert Anderton Hugh Blatso John Botrill Thomas Burges Christoph. Clifton Mathew Final 1 Thomas Forfeit John G o m f o r d Henrey Honnor William Marshall Francis Penn John Penn William Smith Richard Veasey

id. id.

E.A.B.
E.A.B.

Scales (reads Scales (reads

SHIRRINTON) SHERINGTON)

I.F.N.

Fleece

id.

1668

W.I.N.

id.

1667

Grocers' Arms

id.

1669

G.A.C.

Scissors

id id id id id id id id id id id id id id

F.A. R.M.A. H.M.B.

1657

I.A.B. T.A.B. C.I.C. M.F.F. T.A.F.

Grocers' Arms Three cloves Drapers' Arms Cordwainers' Arms Bakers' Arms Pot of lilies Phoenix and nest Griffin

1664
W.M.M. F.P.

Lion rampant Mercers' Arms

1669 1668

I.M.P. W.E.S. R.E.V.

Lion rampant

id.

1652

I.B.

Dove

Id.

1668

E.P.

104

A REVISED SURVEY OF THE id. id.

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY 1669 1668

G.M.D.

Tingewick 178. M. 169 BW. 135 George Drury 179. M. 170 BW. 136 John Durrant Waddesdon 180. M. 171 BW. 137 Richard Sutherey Warrington 181. M. 172 BW. 138 Thomas Norris Wendover 182. M. 173 BW. 183. M. 174 BW. 184. {Records of Bucks. 1937) 185. M. 175 BW. 186. M. 176 BW. 187. M. 177 BW. 188. M. 178 BW.

Mercers' Arms Fleur-de-lis

id.

R.M.S.

CARRIER

id.

1668

T.M.N.

Scales

139 George Brown 140 John Duncombe John Fosscet 141 142 143 144 Francis Funge Ralph Hill Gabriell Prentice Thomas Stokins

id. id. id. id. id. id. id.

G.A.B.

1664

I.E.D. L.M.F. F.E.F. R.E.H. G.A.P. T.P.S.

CHAPMAN, Haberdashers' Arms Hat Paschal lamb

1668 1655 1664 1656

Rose Grocers' Arms

West Wycombe 189. M. 210 BW. 168 Thomas Leech Winslow 190. M. 180 BW. 146 Mathew Bishop 191. M. 179 BW. 145 Mathew Bishop 192. M. 181 BW. 147 John Crawley and Mr. Dimock 193. 194. M. 182 BW. 148 John Forrest 195. M. 185 BW. 150 William Gyles 196. M. 183 BW. 149 William Giles 197. M. 186 BW. 151 Thomas Godwyn Thomas Godwin 198. M. 186a Daniell Sayer 199. M. 188 200. M. 187 BW. 152 201. M. 189 BW. 153 Thomas Smallbones 202. M. 190 BW. 154 John Watts Wooburn 203. (SNC Aug.Sept. 1948) 204. M. 192 BW. (Beds. 104) 205. M. 193 BW. (Beds. 105)

id.

1667

T.A.L.

Lion rampant

id. id. id.

1666 1666

M.D.B. M.D.B.

Three boars' heads Three boars' heads Hand holding axe over leaf

(as above, detail difference in obv. die) I.M.F. Bakers' Arms id. 1666 W.M.G. Hat id. Hat id. 1666 W.M.G. id. T.I.G. T.I.G. id. Grocers' Arms Id. D.S. (as above, detail differences in rev. die) Hat T.A.S. id. id. I.K.W. '64

Robert Drew Jonathan Kingham Jonathan Kingham

id. id. id.

1664

R.A.D.

Rose Water wheel

I.K.

Water wheel

Wo ugh ton-on- the- Green 206. M. 194 William Coale Wycombe 207. M. 195 BW. 155 Thomas Atkines 208. M. 196 BW. 156 Thomas Bates 209. M. 196a 210. M. 197 Samuell Boudrey

id. id.

W.E.C.

Grocers' Arms

1668 T.E.A. T.B. Plumes 1661 (as above, detail differences in obv. die) id. S.I.B. King's bust crowned

T O K E N S OF B U C K I N G H A M S H I R E 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. M. 201 BW. M. 199 M. 198 BW. M. 202 BW. M. 203 BW. M. 204 BW. M. 205 BW. M. 206 BW. M. 207 BW. M. 208 BW. M. 209 BW. M. 211 BW. M.addenda M. 212 M. 213 BW. M. 215 BW. M. 214 BW. M. 217 BW. M. 216 BW. M. 218 BW. M. 219 (Records of Bucks. 1937) 233. M. 220 234. M. 221 BW. 235. M. 222 BW. 159 Tho. Butterfield Thomas Butterfeild 157 Thomas Butterfeild 160 Tho. Dimarsh 161 William Fisher 162 Robert Frier 163 Jeremiah Gray 164 John Harding 165 Thomas Harding 166 Francis Ingeby 167 John Juson 171 Richard Lucas id. id. id. id. 1668 T.A.D. W.A.F. id. 1652 R.F. id. 1652 I.M.G. id. I.M.H. id. 1668 T.E.H. id. 1666 F.I. id. I.M.I. Chequer board id. 1669 R.D.L. Lion rampant id. 1653 (as above, detail differences in rev. die) (as above, detail differences in dies) R.D.L. 1670 Lion rampant id. Stick of candles 1666 I.M. id. Stick of candles 1666 I.M. id. Greyhound id. 1668 A.K.P. 1662 Crown id. R.E.P. 1667 I.M.R. id. Joiners' Arms id. T.E.T. Roll of lace R.M.W. id. 1666 Saracen's head
T.B.

105

Wheatsheaf Wheatsheaf (reads P E N N Y ) Wheatsheaf (reads PENY) Sugar loaf Clothworkers' Arms Rose Swan chained

169 173 172 175 174 177

Richard Lucas John Morris John Morris Alexander Parnam Richard Preist John Rowell Thomas Taylor Robert Watson

Thomas Wheatly 178 Robert Whitton 179 Edward Winch

id. id. id.

T.S.W. R.K.W.

1666

E.P.W.

Wheatsheaf Stag Family Arms

ADDITIONS
65. it THOMAS SLAUTER * OF IN * CHESHAM * 1669

The Cordwainers' Arms

HIS
HALFE PENY * S T * M

(SNC, May 1937) 71.

126.

Obv. die variety of No. 70, reads ir

E D W A R D COOPER OF

SAMVELL W A R E

(Noted by the authors)

N E W P O R T PAYNELL

Design defaced
129. * IAMES S DAVIS I F IN S

Design defaced (In Manton line drawings, described as M. 119 in error)

* NEWPORT PAGNELL

The Skinners' Arms

D
I E

(Notes & Queries, February 1928; also see SNC, June 1973)
137. -k IOHN T H O R N T O N IN N E W P O R T

A thornbush

T
I E

(Seaby's Coin and Medal Bulletin, Sept.-Oct. 1974)

106
157.

A REVISED SURVEY OF THE

-*R IOHN NEALE

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY
if OF I SOLLBERY t

fleece

t N
I F

(Pointed out to the writers by E. G . H. Kempson, Esq.; see *)

160. ~k GEORGE CVBBIDGE AT * STOKENCHURCH 1669

HIS
HALF PENY

Pair of scissors, points downwards

c
G
+

(Strictly speaking, an Oxfordshire token, but see 2 ) 169. 'John G o m f o r d in Stoney Stafford' (W. J. Faulkner sale, Glendining & Co., 21 M a y 1940, lot 102. Passed into M a n t o n collection, whereabouts n o w unknown)
184. if IOHN FOSSCET if IN WINDOVER

Paschal lamb

F
I M

(Description taken f r o m a rubbing sent with a letter f r o m E. Hollis to J. M a n t o n , 2 July 1937. A line drawing also appears in Records of Bucks., 1937. Token was in possession of the late Mr. Francis Colmer of High Wycombe. Present whereabouts are unknown.) 193. A variety of 192 in which the letters M R on obv. are countermarked IO. (Noted by M a n t o n but not listed by him as a variety.)
203. if ROBERT * DREW: FT: if IN * OBORNE ft 1 6 6 4

A T u d o r rose

ft
R

D ft
A 1666

(SNC, August-September 1948, M a r c h 1949.)

232. if ROBERT if WATSON if IN if HIGH if WICKHAM if

A Saracen's head

if w if
R M if

(Dug u p by Mr. A. Bird, High Wycombe, June 1936; Records of Bucks.,

1937.)

M . 37 M. 49a.

OMISSIONS Brill Potteries: There is n o evidence to support the inclusion of a token issued at or by the Brill Potteries. John Rennals of Buckingham: The reading BVCKINGGAM, known f r o m a single specimen in the County Museum, Aylesbury, is rendered by the freak over-striking of the token on another of Rennals'. It is not a genuine die-sinker's error. remains the only one known to Mr. Kempson or the writers. It is worn in two places, and with the naked eye it is quite feasible to read SOLSBERY for SOLLBERY and I.E.N. for I.F.N. However, under a good glass or with an enlarged photograph, the deficiencies in the description given in Williamson come to light. 2 Although strictly speaking this would be termed a seventeenth century token of Oxfordshire, it has a number of Buckinghamshire connections. Not the least of these is that Stokenchurch is now in Buckinghamshire, transferred by the County of Buckingham (Stokenchurch) Order of 1895, which came into effect on 31 March 1896. The issuer's family came from Brill, where George Cubbidge was born. The name is of very frequent occurrence in the parish registers of Brill and it is not possible to be certain of which baptismal entry refers to the issuer.

Through the kindness of Mr. E. G. H. Kempson, when researches for this paper were in an advanced state, it has been possible to include a token from Soulbury, a village three miles north-west of Leighton Buzzard, where no tokens had previously been thought to have been issued. The Neale family flourished in Soulbury in the mid seventeenth century. Five different members, including John, appear in the Michaelmas 1662 Hearth Tax returns. The Soulbury parish registers for the seventeenth century are unfortunately incomplete in parts but the two following entries almost certainly refer to the tokener and his wife: 'John Neal Buried June y"21 1696 Francis Neale wid. Buried Sep 16 1699' The reading in Williamson's Wiltshire section was taken from the specimen in Devizes Museum, which

TOKENS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE M. 51a.

107

George Robins of Buckingham: The reading MARCER, also known from a single specimen in the County Museum, Aylesbury, is produced by traces of an indeterminable undertype on the token in question, which is in any case in a worn and defaced state. It is not a genuine die-sinker's error. Thomas Bridges of E t o n : This belongs to Eaton Bray, Bedfordshire (Blundell 58). There are numerous references to the issuer and his family in the Eaton Bray Bishops' Transcripts.

M. 75.

M. 78. '

John Smith of Eton: This belongs to Eaton Socon, Bedfordshire (Blundell 63). There are several references to the issuer in the register of that parish, including his marriage in 1663. Smith kept the Cock, an important hostelry on the Great North Road, whence the symbol on his token. He was still there in 1688.1 William Church of Hartwell: This was issued at Hartwell, Northamptonshire (Wells 36). After the publication of Manton and Hollis's paper in BNJ, W. C. Wells replied, defending Boyne's original attribution of the piece to Northamptonshire, in 'The Hartwell Token' ( B N J xxi (1931)). Manton countered belatedly with a letter read to the Society on 28 October 1942, offering a further defence for Buckinghamshire, though the evidence offered by Wells appears virtually irrefutable. John Fowler of Oakley: This belongs to Oakley, Bedfordshire (Blundell 105), as placed by Williamson. An entry in the parish register there is significant: '1665 22 Novr. Baptized Samuel the son of John and Susan Fowler'. Fowler was also a staunch Non-Conformist. 1 Humphrey Morgan of Oakley: This belongs to Chulmleigh, Devonshire. Not recorded by Williamson, the first mention of this token with relation to Oakley was by Mr. Oliver Ratcliff, 2 the original owner of the worn specimen now in the County Museum, Aylesbury. The first complete reading of it, confirming its place in the Devonshire series, was published by Henry Symonds in Devon and Cornwall Notes and Queries for 1906, although A. J. V. Radford in 'Coins and Tokens of Devon', reprinted from the Transactions of the Devonshire Association for 1907, did not include it. Although he never possessed a specimen, the late W. R. Hooper duly records the token in 'Notes on a Collection of Devonshire Seventeenth Century Tokens', published in the same Transactions in 1945.3 Robert Aspray of Olney: Closer examination of six specimens of this token believed to be different from M. 134 in having no inner circle on the reverse revealed that traces of an inner circle were present on every one. Other details of the reverse die are exactly akin to specimens of M. 134. Spink, the Buckinghamshire tokens from the collections of R. T. Andrews, and Lt.-Col. B. Lowsley, which were dispersed in the sale-room in the last few years of the nineteenth century. Some of these still remain the only ones known today. Before leaving Buckinghamshire on his retirement, Ratcliff sold his collection of 191 tokens, and the woodblocks he made of them, to the Buckinghamshire Archaeological Society in April 1912. This collection formed the basis on which the County Museum at Aylesbury has been able to build on in years since. 3 Thanks to Mr. J. L. Wetton, Woking, the writers have been able to confirm, from a rubbing of the specimen in Mr. Wetton's collection, Symonds' original reading.

M. 87.

M. 131.

M. 132.

M. 135.

1 Information kindly supplied by Mr. D. J. Gaunt, Bedford. - Author of Buckinghamshire 17th Century Trade Tokens collected by Oliver Ratcliff, privately printed by Ratcliff at his works in Olney in 1896. RatclifT was a noted local chronicler and antiquary, and was the first collector who studied the Buckinghamshire series in perspective, albeit with a number of mistakes shown in his book, of which it is believed only twenty copies were printed to give to friends. Besides excavating several of the tokens in his prized collection himself, Ratcliff freely advertised in the Numismatic Magazine and early issues of the Numismatic Circular for specimens he did not possess. He was fortunate to be able to purchase, through commissions left with Messrs.

108

A REVISED SURVEY OF THE

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY

M. 165-6. Francis Dix and T h o m a s Gibbs of Stowe: These two tokens are correctly described under Stow-on-the-Wold, Gloucestershire, by Williamson, a very much larger place in the mid-seventeenth century than Stowe, Buckinghamshire. Recent research by Mr. Irvine Gray, former Gloucester County Archivist, points to the fact that the Gibbs family emanated f r o m Donington, a detached hamlet of Stow-onthe-Wold. T h o m a s Gibbs, and William Mince, another token issuer, were the two bailiffs of Stow-on-the-Wold in 1653. Specimens of the Gibbs token have been found in Gloucestershire, 1 as have those of Dix. 2 M . 184. William Giles of Winslow: This is the same as M. 183. T h e reading was taken by M a n t o n f r o m a clipped specimen of M . 183 in the County Museum, Aylesbury, which by nature of the clipping was devoid of the date and rendered to appear more as a farthing than a halfpenny. T h o m a s Hill of W o o b u r n : This belongs to W o b u r n , Bedfordshire (Blundell 135). Entries in the parish register there include: '1656 15 Octobr. mar. T h o m a s Hill and A n n Astill'. T h o m a s Butterfield of Wycombe: This was given a catalogue number by M a n t o n and Hollis, but almost certainly the correct reading of the token is as described in M. 201. The entry was inserted on the authority of Williamson.

M . 191.

M . 200.

AMENDMENTS 24-5 (M. 24-5). The tokens issued by William Welch and Francis Wethered have been placed in their correct alphabetical order. 31 (M. 31). The initials on William Willis's token are W . F . W . , not W . E . W . 40-3 (M. 41-3). The early farthing tokens of J o h n Hartley have been rearranged into what is believed to be a correct chronological sequence. That of the neatest workmanship, and incidentally the earliest dated token for the county in this series, is M. 43, dated 1650. T h e reverse of M. 43 h a d deteriorated somewhat by the time it came to be utilized as the reverse of M. 41, while lengthwise oval dots were replaced by a cable pattern as the inner circle. The significance of a diamond-shaped stop over the I of I. H . added even later (M. 41a) is not certain. Following this the die seems to have been scrapped, but the obverse die punches reappear virtually complete on M . 42, though wider spaced, coupled with a new reverse die. 59-60 (M. 59-60). The chronological order of the halfpence issued by William G r o m e have been reversed on the strength of study of the wear on the c o m m o n reverse die, which is in near perfect condition on M . 60, but shows considerable signs of wear in the bars of the lettering and has also begun to flaw, on M . 59. 62-3 (M. 62-3). T h e device on the obverse of T h o m a s Hall's halfpence is a roll of cloth, not of tobacco. 72-9 (M. 70, 223-9). The tokens of C o l n b r o o k have been inserted in their correct alphabetical order. M a n t o n and Hollis put them at the end of their list, for Hollis, together with M r . Francis Baker, discovered just before the 1929-30 volume of the Journal went to press in the summer of 1931, f r o m entries in the Colnbrook and H o r t o n parish registers, that they did not belong to Colebrook, Devonshire. 91-5 (M. 90-5). The tokens of Great H o r w o o d have been re-arranged alphabetically in the new list. Additionally, M . 94 has been placed before M . 93, as Francis Woodcocke's farthing is considerably earlier in style than the halfpenny, and is the work of Ramage. Information kindly supplied by Mr. J. NeufvilleTaylor, Curator, Gloucester Museum.
1

See William Charles Wells, 'Seventeenth Century Tokens of Northamptonshire', BTV/viii (1911), p. 311.

T O K E N S OF B U C K I N G H A M S H I R E

109

99 (M. 230). The token of George Goad of Horton is inserted in correct alphabetical order. This token, thought to belong to Yorkshire when first put on record by H. S. Gill in 1879,1 as well as being claimed for Staffordshire, was proved to belong to Horton, Buckinghamshire, in May 1931. The location of a specimen in an old collection of coins at Marlow prompted Mr. Baker to check the Horton parish registers, where numerous entries referring to the issuer and his family are to be found. 109 (M. 92). The token of Hugh Willeatt has been listed under Little Horwood, as this parish is quite separate from Great Horwood, and arranged in alphabetical sequence. 110-11 (M. 102-3). Study of the stages of wear of the reverse die common to both of Alice Boules's tokens, as well as that issued under her maiden name Parker (No. 115) enables a correct chronological sequence to be given. The first of the three to be issued, No. 115, has a largish head of the Queen, with a bun; the E of HER on the reverse is unflawed. No. 110 (M. 103) shows the E starting to flaw, while a smaller head appears on the obverse, with a more elaborate crown. Her married name is spelt incorrectly, BOVLER. On No. I l l (M. 102), the reverse flaw is much more pronounced, though for a strange reason the obverse die reincorporates the larger bust from No. 115, and most of the obverse letter punches. Careful examination of a fine specimen will reveal traces of PARKER beneath BOVLES, especially in the last letter. 118-19 (M. 110-11). In common with the majority of early issues and their varieties, the writers feel that No. 118 (M. I l l ) , which is of very fine workmanship and has no inner circle on the obverse, is an earlier fabrication than No. 119 (M. 110). It is struck from different punches and appears to be a somewhat clumsy copy of the first. 1334 (M. 1234). The farthings of John Norman have been rearranged, as M. 124 is of earlier style than M. 123. 143-4 (M. 134-6). A very rare token of Robert Aspray is much neater and probably earlier in style (M. 136) than the more commonly found version (M. 134). A 'variety' first perpetuated by Oliver Ratcliff (M. 135) has been disproved (see Omissions). 147-8 (M. 139^10). The farthings of John Gaynes have been rearranged on the strength of the wear of the common reverse die. A flaw developed on the die running from the 6 of the date to the diamond stop to the right of the G of the initials of the issuer and his wife. This flaw is very pronounced on all the specimens of M. 139 examined, but not so pronounced (if visible at all) on the majority of specimens of M. 140. 150-2 (M. 142-4). The three tokens of Edward Barnaby have been rearranged. The undated farthing (M. 144) is earlier in style than the two halfpence (M. 142-3). Study of the obverse die common to both the halfpence shows that the one with pierced cinquefoils as stops on the reverse (M. 143) was struck first; the flaw by p of PENNY has just begun. The flaw noticeably developed with the issue of the token using pierced sixfoils as stops on the reverse (M. 142). 153 (M. 145). The initials on Thomas Headeach's token are T.E.H., not T.F.H. 189 (M. 210). The token of Thomas Leech of West Wycombe has been rearranged in correct alphabetical sequence. 190-1 (M. 179-80). The farthing of Matthew Bishop of Winslow (M. 180) is earlier in style than his halfpenny, dated 1666 (M. 179). 195-6 (M. 183-5). The two tokens of William Giles of Winslow have been rearranged in chronological sequence. The undated farthing (M. 185) is by Ramage, and of earlier fabrication than the halfpenny, which is dated 1666 (M. 183). A 'farthing' of 1666 (M. 184) has been disproved (see Omissions). 199-200 (M. 187-8). Both the farthing tokens issued by Daniel Sayer utilise the same reverse punches, 1 Henry Septimus Gill, 'Unpublished 17th century Yorkshire Tokens', NC 1880.

110

A REVISED SURVEY OF THE

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY

but the minor obverse die differences also incorporate a change of borders. The earlier obverse, used for M. 188, has oblong labels on the outer edge and a plain line as the inner; the later obverse (M. 187) has an outer border of diamonds, and an inner of round dots. 211-13 (M. 198-201). The three tokens of Thomas Butterfield of Wycombe have been rearranged. The farthing (M. 201) is earlier than the two varieties of halfpence (M. 198-9). The order of the halfpence has been reversed on the strength of the border details. The obverse die is common to both tokens, but as the reverse of M. 199 has oblong labels on the outer edge, it is placed before M. 198, which bears an outer edge of diamonds. A third variety of halfpenny (M. 200) has been disproved (see Omissions). 223 (M. addenda). This variety of the Richard Lucas farthing struck by Ramage was first noticed by Manton in July 1933. It appears in the further corrigenda included in the overprints published by the Buckinghamshire Archaeological Society, but not in the papers published in the Journal. It utilizes the same obverse as No. 222 (M. 211), although the flaw in the region of the lion's left forepaw which is beginning in No. 222, is well advanced on No. 223. No. 224 (M. 212) on the other hand, is a crude copy of No. 223. It may even have been fabricated locally. 226-7 (M. 214-15). Although both tokens of John Morris of High Wycombe were dated 1666, it is likely that the farthing appeared first. 228-9 (M. 216-17). The tokens of Alexander Parnam and Richard Preist have been reversed into correct alphabetical sequence. 231 (M. 219). The device on Thomas Taylor's token is a roll of lace, not tobacco. 232 (M. ). The device on Robert Watson's token is a Saracen's head, not a virgin as Manton had originally believed when first shown the piece in 1936.

Border classification based on Milne's Catalogue of Oxfordshire Seventeenth Century Tokens ( 1 9 3 5 ) :

A B C D Round dots Diamonds Oblong labels Oval dots sideways E G H Oval dots lengthwise Cable pattern Plain line

The writers have merged Milne's F (cable pattern thin) and G (cable pattern thick) as they feel that this distinction was too fine. References (Collections)
A B BC BM C CM D F G H HM HW Heberden Coin Room, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford Bedford Museum Birmingham City Museum British Museum, London Buckinghamshire County Museum, Aylesbury Carlisle Museum Devizes Museum Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge Guildhall Museum, London Hampshire County Museum Service, Winchester Hunterian Museum, Glasgow High Wycombe Public Library L LM LV M N ND O P PM U W WM Y London Museum, Kensington Luton Museum Liverpool Museum Manchester Museum Norwich Museum North Devon Athenaeum, Barnstaple Cowper Museum, Olney Various private collections Plymouth Museum Ulster Museum, Belfast National Museum of Wales, Cardiff Oxford City and County Museum, Woodstock Yorkshire Museum, York

TOKENS OF B U C K I N G H A M S H I R E TABLE OF No. No. Breakdown of exa- die-axes mined Borders STYLE AND DIE-AXES

111

Date Collections (7? = Ramage)

Amersham 1 7 2 9 3 4 5 6 7 3 0 7 9 10

180 (4) 360 (3) Ce/Ce 90 (3) 180 (1) Bg/Bg 270 (1) 360 (4) 180 (3) Ba/Ba 90 (3) 180 (3) 360 (1) 180 (8) 360 (1) 180 (3) 270 (7) Ba/Ba Cg/Cg Bgh/Bg

1652 (R) 1665 1666 1666 1668 1653 (R) 1666

A 180 C 750 360 HW 180 P 750 (2) 5(50 A 90 BM 360 C 90 360 (2) HW 270 P 90 180 360 C 750 (2) P 750 A 90 BM 560 C 750 (2) HW 90 P 90 750 A 560 BM 750 C 750 (2) HM 750 HW 750 (2) P 750 (2) A 270 (2) BM 270 C 180 2700 HW 270 (2) P 750 (2) 270 C 270 D 270 C 270 (2) HM 270 C 750 BM 750 C 750 360 HW 360 P 750 (4) 560 (2) A 750 (2) 360 BM 180 C 180 (77) 360 (3) HW 360 (2) P 750 (5) 560 (7) A 90 560 BM 750 C 90 (7) 750 (5) 560 (70) F 750 HW 360 (2) LV 90 750 M 90 P 90 (72) 750 (73) 350 (75) W 750 A 360 C 360 A 3(50 BM 750 C 750 360 HW 750 360 P 750 (2) 360 C 270 (2) P 90 750 360 C 360 (2) A 750 (2) BM 750 C 180 (4) HW 750 (2) P 750 (4) A 270 BM 360 C 270 360 (2) F 360 HW 90 P 90 750 (2) A 750 BM 360 C 750 (3) 360 HW 360 P 750 BM 360 C 360 (2) HW 360 A 360 C 360 (3) P 360 A 750 C 750 P 750 (2) Y 180 C 360 C 360 A 90 C 90 360 HW 90 M 90 P 750 (2) C 90 360 HW 360 BM 750 C 270 (2) HW 270 (2) M 270 P 750 (5) 270 (2) BM 750 C 750 (2) C 750 360 F 750 HW 750 P 750 360 C 90 (2) P 90 (2) A 360 C 360 (2) P 360

Aylesbury 8 2 3 9 10 1 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 30 73 2 9 5 2 13 10 8 4 5 5 1 1

270 (2) 270 (3) 180(1) 180 (6) 360 (4)

CH/C Ba/Ba B/B Bgh/Bgh

1659 1670 1670 1666 Early (R) Late 1656 1657 1657 1670 1652 (R) 1665 Early (R) Early 1667 1669 Early 1660 Early Late 1669 1658 1668 1668 1671

180 (17) 360 (13) Cg/Cg 90 (22) 180 (20) 360 (31) 360 (2) 180 (5) 360 (4) Ba/Ba B/B D/Da

90 (1)180 (1)270 C/Ce (2) 360 (1) 360 (2) B/Ba 180 (13) C/Cg 90 (2) 180 (2) Bg/Bg 270 (2) 360 (4) 180 (5) 360 (3) C/Ce 360 (4) 360 (5) 180 (5) 360 (1) 360 (1) CHh/CHh Ba/Ba Bg/Bg Ca/Ca CHe/CHe Ce/Ce Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Dg/Dg Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Ba/Ba

Beaconsfield 90 (4) 180 (2) 26 7 360 (1) 27 3 90 (1) 360 (2) 28 13 180 (6) 270 (7) 29 30 31 Brill 32 3 6 4 4 180 (3) 180 (4) 360 (2) 90 (4) 360 (4)

112 No. No. examined 2 4 3 4

A REVISED SURVEY OF THE Breakdown of die-axes 180 (2) 180 (2) 360 (2) 360 (3) 180(4) Borders

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY

Date Collections (R Ramage) 1669 Early (R) Late 1669 C 750 (2) A 560 BM 180 C 1800 P 360 C 360 HM 360 P 360 BM 180 C 180 (2) HW 180

33 34 35 36

Ba/Ba C/Ce Ba/Ba Ba/Ba

Broughton 37 2

360 (2)

Ba/Ba

Late

C 360 F 360

Buckingham 38 7 360 (7) 39 5 90 (1) 270 (4) 40 12 180 (11) 270 (1) 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 10 3 3 2 12 18 0 5 18 2 10 180 (10) 180 (1) 360 (2) 360 (3) 360 (2) 360(12) 90 (3) 180 (10) 270 (5) 360 (5) 90 (1) 270 (3) 360(14) 180 (2) 180 (9) 360 (1)

Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Ce/Ce Cg/Cg Cg/Cg Da/Da Ca/Ca Cd/C Be/Be Bah/'Ba Bah/Ba Ca/Ca C/Cg

1663 1668 1650 (R) Early (R) Early (R) Early 1660 1660 1665 1668 1668 1668 1658 Early (R)

A 360 C 360 (2) P 360 (4) A 90 BM 270 C 270 (2) P 270 A 750 BM 180 C 750 (5) HW 180 (2) P 750 (4) 270 A 750 BM 750 C 180 (3) HW 180 (2) P 750 (3) C 750 560 P 560 BM 360 C 360 (2) C 360 (2) C 360 (2) G 360 HW 360 (2) P 560 (7) A 90 BM 90 C 90 180 (6) HW 750 270 P 750 (5) 270 (4) A 360 C 360 (2) P 360 (2) A 360 BM 270 360 C 270 360 (2) F 360 HM 360 HW 360 LM 360 (2) P 90 270 360 (4) W 560 C 750 (2) A 750 BM 750 C 750 (3) HW 750 P 750 (3) 360 BM 270 C 750 (2) HW 560 P 750 U 270 A 750 C 360 A 770 C 90 (2) P 270

Chalfont St. Peter 52 6 180 (3) 270 (2) 360 (1) 53 2 180 (1) 360 (1) 54 4 90 (2) 270 (2) Chesham 3 55 56 7 57 4 58 4 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 1 4 5 11 3 2 1 2 8 6 10

Ba/Ba Da/De B/B

1668 Early 1664

180 (1) 270 (2) 180 (7) 360 (4) 90 (2) 180 (1) 270 (1) 90 (1) 360 (4) 180 (5) 360 (11) 360 180 270 180 180 (3) (1) 360 (1) (1) (2) (7) 360 (1)

B/B Cg/Cg Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Cg/Cg B/B B/B Da/Da Ba/Ba Cg/Cg Bg/Bg Cg/Dg Ce/Ce

1664 Early (R) 1671 1671 1671 1671 1655 (R) Late Late 1658 1669 1653 (R) 1665 1665 1653 (R)

BM 270 C 180 270 A 750 BM 180 C 750 (2) HW 750 P 750 (2) BM 360 C 560 (2) P 360 C 90 270 P 90 180 C90 C 360 (2) P 560 Y 360 BM 180 C 180 (3) HW 750 A 360 BM 360 C 360 (2) HM 360 HW 360 (2) P 360 (4) C 360 (2) M 560 A 750 C 360 C 270 C 750 P 750 A 750 BM 750 C 750 (2) HW 750 P 750 (2) 360 BM 270 C 180 360 HW 360 P 750 5(50 BM 5(50 C 90 (2) 750 (2) HW 90 560 P 750 (2) 360

180 (2) 270 (1) 360 (3) 90 (3) 180 (4) 360(3)

T O K E N S i OF B U C K I N G H A M S H I R E No. No. examined 1 1 Breakdown of die-axes 270 (1) 90 (1) 90 (4) 180 (8) 360 (8) 270 (4) 180 (3) 180 (9) 90 (1) 180 (2) 360 (9) 90 (3) 180 (6) 360 (1) Borders Date Collections (R = Ramage) 1658 1658 Early (R) 1667 1669 1652 (R) C 270 C 90"

113

70 71

Da/Da Da/Da C/Ce Ba/Ba Ba/Ba D/De

Colnbrook 72 20 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 4 3 10 1 2 9 10

CHc/CHc Early C/Cg Early D/De 1657 Cg/Cg 1653 (R)

A 90 BM 360 C 90 360 (5) F 180 HW 180 ND 90 P 90 180 (4) 3600 (2) PM 180 (2) BM 270 C 270 (2) P 270 C 750 (2) P 180 BM 750 C 750 (5) ND 750 P 180 (2) PM 180 (2) C 90 BM 180 P 180 A 360 BM 360 C 360 (5) ND 360 P 360 PM 360 (2) A 90 180 (2) BM 180 C 180 (2) 360 ND 90 P 90 PM 180 C 90 (2) P 360 BM 270 C 270 (2) HW 270 360 P 270 (2) A 360 B 180 C 180 BM 270 C 180 (2) HW 360 P 90 (2) 180 2700

Edlesborough 80 3 90 (2) 360 (1) 81 7 270 (6) 360 (1) Emberton 82 3 83 8 Eton 84 85 Fenny 86 87 88 89 90

Ba/Ba Ba/Ba

1666 1666 1668 1664

180 (2) 360 (1) Bg/Bg 90 (2) 180 (3) Ba/Ba 270 (2) 360 (1) 180 (5) 270 (2) 360 (1) Bah/Ba Ce/C Ce/Ce Ba/Ba Cg/Cg C/Ch C/CHh

5 3

1669 1666 1655 (R) 1667 1651 (R) 1656 1656

A 750 BM 180 C 180 (2) P 750 B 560 C 270 P 270 A 180 C 560 (2) P 360 A 560 C 560 HW 360 P 360 (2) A 180 BM 180 C 180 (2) 360 F 180 HW 180 (2) P 180 360 A 180 BM 180 C 1800 (2) P 750 5(50 C 90 (2) HW 90 (2) P 90

Stratford 4 180 (1) 360 (3) 360(5) 5 10 180 (8) 360 (2) 6 5 180 (5) 360 (1) 90 (5)

Great Horwood 360(4) 91 4 92 3 90 (2) 180 (1) 180 (2) 360 (10) 93 12 94 95 6 6 180 (2) 270 (4) 270 (6)

Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Ch/Ce Ba/Ba Bg/Bg

1668 1668 Early (R) Late Late

A 560 C 560 (2) P 360 BM 90 C 90 180 A 560 (2) BM 560 C 180 560 (5) HW 750 560 (2) P 560 (2) A 750 C 270 (2) P 270 (2) W 750 BM 270 C 270 (2) HW 270 P 270 (2)

Haddenham 96 11 97 5

180 (9) 360 (2) 180 (5)

C/Ce C/Ce

Early Early (R)

A 750 BM 750 C 750 (2) F 750 (2) HW 560 N 180 P 750 (2) 360 C 180 (2) F 750 HW 180 P 180

Hambledon 98 3 Horton 99 3
4980 C 75

360 (3)

Ba/Ba

1669

BM 360 C 360 H 560

360 (3)

Ba/Ba

1669 I

A 360 C 360 P 360

114 No.

A REVISED SURVEY OF THE Borders

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY

No. Breakdown of exa- die-axes mined Hughenden 100 12 180 (7) 360 (5) 101 her 102 8 10 180 (3) 270 (5)

Date Collections (R = Ramage)

D/D Cg/Cg

Early Early Early (R)

A 750 BM 360 C 5(50 (2) HM 180" HW 180 P 750 (4) 5(50 (2) A180 BM 180 C 270 (5) F 750 HW 270 V270" A 360 BM 750 C 90 750 270 HW 180 (2) P 270 (2) 550 A 750 C 180 360 C 750 5(50 C 360 C 270 (2) P 270 A 750 BM 5(50 C 5(50 (2) HW 360 C 90 (2) P 90 (4) A 270 BM 270 C 360 (2) HW 270 (2) P 5(50 C270 A 5(50 BM 270 C 270 560 P 180 360 (3) A 180 C 750 P 750 A 180 BM 5(50 C 180 C 90 (2) P 90 C 750 P 750 BM 5(50 C 5(50 (2) HW 360 P 270 5(50 C 180 360 BM 750 C 750 (2) HM 750 HW 750P 750 (5) C 180 270 BM 270 C 270 (2) CM 270 A 180 BM 5(50 C 270 (2) HW 270 P 5(50 (5) C 5(50 HW 5(50 A 90 BM 90 C 90 P 90 BM 5(50 C 270 P 270 A 90 BM 90 C 90 F 360 P 560 BM 5(50 C 270 (2) P 90 C 560 A 270 (5) BM 270 C 270 (75) F 270 HM 270 (2) HW 270 (2) P 270 (76)

90 (1) 180 (4) C/Cg 270 (3) 360 (2) 180 (2) 360 (1) 180 (1) 360 (1) 360 (1) 270 (3) D/Da Ba/Ba Ce/CHe D/Da Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Ba/Ba

Ivinghoe 103 3 104 2 105 1 Lavendon 106 3

Early 1667 Early Early 1669 1669 Late

Leckhamstead 107 5 360 (5) Little Brickhill 108 6 90 (6) Little Horwood 109 7 270 (4) 360 (3) Marlow 110 1 111 8 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 0 3 3 3 2 6 2 8

270(1) 180 (1) 270 (2) 360 (5) 180 (3) 180 (2) 360 (1) 90 (3) 180 (2) 270 (1) 360 (5) 180 (1) 360 (1) 180 (8) 180 (1) 270 (1)

Ba/Bg Bg/Bg Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Bg/Bg Ba/Ba Ch/CHh C/Cg Cg/Cg Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Ba/Ba C/Ch Ba/Ba B/Ba Bh/Bh Ba/Ba C/Ch Ce/Ce Cc/Cc Bah/Bah

Late Late 1669 1666 Late 1667 Early Early (R) Early 1668 Late 1668 Early Late 1667 Late 1667 Early Early Early Late

Mursley 120 2

Newport Pagnell 121 4 270(4) 122 8 180 (1) 270 (3) 360 (4) 123 2 360 (2) 124 4 90 (4) 360 (1) 125 1 126 2 270 (2) 90 (3) 127 3 128 0 360 (2) 129 2 90 (1) 270 (2) 130 4 360 (1) 360 (1) 131 1 270 (40) 132 40

TOKENS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE No. No. examined 4 5 3 3 5 Breakdown of die-axes 180 (2) 360 (2) 180 (1) 360 (4) 180 (1) 270 (2) 180 (1) 360 (2) 180 (3) 360 (2) Borders Date (R = Ra, Early (R] Late Early Early Early 1667 Early 1666 1668 1662 1662 1662 1658 1668 1652 (R) 1652 1668 Early 1665 1665 1669 1670 Early Late Collections

115

133 134 135 136 137

Cg/Cg Ba/Ba CHg/CHg C/C C/Ch Ba/Ba D/Da

BM 180 C 180 360 P 360 A 360 BM 360 C 360 (2) P 180 BM 270 C 180 270 C 360 (2) HW 180 BM 180 H 180 P 180 360 (2) C 90 (2) HW 90 (2) P 90 (5) C 90 270

Newton Longville 90 (9) 138 9 North Crawley 90 (1) 270 (1) 139 2 Northall 140 0 141 5 Olney 142 13 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 1 19 6 19 43 6 9

180 (2) 360 (3) 90 (3) 180 (3) 270 (2) 360 (5) 360 (1) 90 (4) 180 (8) 270 (1) 360 (6) 180 (4) 360 (2) 180 (1) 270 (4) 360 (14) 180(43) 180(6) 90 (6) 180 (3)

Ba/Ba Ce/Ce B/B B/Bc Ca/D Ba/Ba C/Cg C/Cg Ba/Ba Da/D Bg/Bg Bg/Ba Bah/B Ba/Ba Da/D Ba/Ba

A 360 C 180 360 P 180 360 A 360 BM 360 C 90 360 HW 90 360 P 90 180 (3) 270 (2) 360 C 360 A 360 BM 180 C 90 180 (3) 360 (2) HW 180 270 360 P 90 (3) 180 (3) 360 (2) BM 360 C 1800 (2) HW 180 360 O 180 A 270 BM 180 C 360 (3) F 360 HW 270 360 O 360 (5) P 270 (2) 360 (6) A 750 BM 180 C 750 (7) F 180 (2) HW 750 (3) O 180 (2) P 180 (27) A 7S0 C 180 O 180 P 7S0 (3) C 90 750 F 180 HW 90 (2) P 90 (3) 180 C 90 270 HW 270 A 180 C 180 (2) HW 270 (2) P 750 (5) 560 (/) BM 90 C 90 F 90 P 750 (2) 270 A 90

Princes Risborough 150 3 90 (1) 270 (2) 151 9 180 (6) 270 (2) 360 (1) 152 6 90 (3) 180 (2) 270 (1) 153 1 90 (1) Shenley 154 3 Sherington 155 2 156 1 Soulbury 157 1 180 (2) 360 (1) 90 (1) 180 (1) 180 (1) 90 (1)

A 180 C 7S0 C 750 P 90 C 180 D 90 A 360 BM 360 C 360 (2) P 360 A BM J<50 C 360 (2) HW J60 (2) P 360 (4)

CHg/CHg Early Ba/Ba Ba/Ba 1668 1667

Steeple Claydon 158 5 360 (5) Stewkley 159 10 360 (10)

Stokenchurch 160 3 180 (1) 360 (2) Stony Stratford 161 2 180 (2) 162 8 180 (8)

Ba/Ba Cg/Cg Cg/Cg

1669 Early Early

A 180 P 360 WM 360 BM 180 C 180 BM 180 C 180 (2) HW 180 (2) P 180 (j)

116 No. No. examined 2 4 7 9 4 4 0 14 2 10 12 7 2

A REVISED SURVEY OF THE Breakdown of die-axes 180 (2) 180(4) 180 (1) 360 (6) 180 (4) 360 (5) 180 (4) 90 (1) 180 (3) 90 (2) 180 (5) 360 (7) 90 (1) 180 (1) 180 (8) 360 (2) 90 (11)270 (1) 90 (4) 180 (1) 360(2) 90 (1) 360 (1) Borders

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY

Collections Date (R = Ramage) Early (R) Early 1657 Early C 750 (2) C 180 (2) HW 180 P 180 BM 360 C 360 (2) O 360 P 180 360 (2) A 180 BM 360 C 360 (2) HW 180 360 P 180 (2) 360 A 180 C 180 HW 180 P 180 A 180 C 180 (2) P 90 A 360 BM 180 C 180 (2) 360 (2) HW 90 180 P 90 180 360 (4) C 180 HW 90 A 180 BM 180 C 180 HM 360 HW 750 P 180 (4) 360 A 90 BM 90 C 90 (2) F 90 HW 90 270 P 90 (5) BM 90 C 90 (2) P 90 180 360 (2) C 90 P 360 C 180 (2) P 180 A 180 (2) 270 BM 180 C 750 (2) 270 (4) F 750 (2) HM 180 HW 180 270 P 180 1 270 (4) Y 180 A 750 5(50 BM 360 C 180 (2) 560 (2) HW 560 (2) P 180 (2) 560 (2) BM 360 C 360 C 360 BM 90 C 90 (2) P 90 A 750 BC 90 BM 180 C 560 (2) HW 750 560 P 750 270 560 (2) A 270 BM 270 C 90 750 270 HW 270 P 750 (2) 270 BM 560 C 270 360 HW 750 P 750 (5) 560 (2) A 750 BM 750 C 750 (2) P 750 (2) 360 C 360 (2) HW 750 P 560 A 750 BM 180 C 180 (2) HW 750 P 750 A 180 BM 560 C 90 560 (2) HW 750 P 90 BM 750 C 750 (2) P 750 (2) A 270 C 270 (2) HW 270 P 270 P 560 (2) BM 560 C 750 560 (5) L 560 P 360 (5) C 750 (2) HW 560 (2) P 560 (2)

163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175

Ce/Ce C/Cg Dh/Dh C/Cg

DHh/DHh Early C/Cg Early Bg/Bg C/Cg C/Cg Bc/Bc Ba/Ba C/Cg C/Cg 1664 Early Early (R) 1669 1668 Early (R) 1652 (R) 1668

Swanbourne 3 180 (3) 176

Thornborough 177 28 180 (18) 270 (10) Ba/Ba

Tingewick 178 13 179 2

180 (5) 360 (8) 360 (2) 360 (1) 90 (4)

Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Ca/Ca Ba/Ba

1669 1668 Early 1668 Late 1664 Early 1668 1655 (R) 1664 1656 (R) 1667 Early 1666 1666 1666 1666

Waddesdon 180 1 Warrington 4 181 Wendover 182 11 183 184 185 186 187 188 9 0 9 7 4 6

Bg/Bg 90 (1) 180 (4) 270 (1) 360 (5) Dg/Da 90 (1) 180 (3) 270 (5) Da/D 180 (4)270 (1) Ba/Ba 360 (4) 180 (6) 360 (1) Cg/Cg 180 (1) 360 (3) B/Ba 180 (6) Cg/Cg Ba/Ba CHe/CHe Bg/Bg Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Ba/Ba

West Wycombe 189 90 (2) 180 (2) 7 360 (3) Winslow 5 190 180(5) 191 5 270 (5) 192 2 360 (2) 193 180 (1) 360 (8) 9 180 (2) 360 (4) 194 6

TOKENS OF B U C K I N G H A M S H I R E No. No. Breakdown of exa- die-axes mined 10 180 (9) 360 (1) 10 7 5 3 5 90 (3) 180 (7) 90 (2) 180 (5) 90 (1) 180 (1) 270(3) 360 (3) 180 (1) 270 (1) 360 (3) 180 (1) 360 (3) 180 (1) 270 (5) Borders Date (R=Ramage) Early (R) 1666 Early Late Early Late Early 1664 1664 Late Late Early 1668 1661 1661 Early Early Early Early 1668 1652 (R) Early (R) 1652 (R) Early (R) 1668 1666 1669 1653 (R) 1653 (R) 1653 1670 1666 1666 1668 1662 Collections

117

195 196 197 198 199 200

Cg/Cg Bg/Bg Ce/Ce Bg/Bg Ch/Ch Ba/CHh Da/Da Da/Da Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Cg/Cg Ba/Ba C/C c/c C/Ce Ce/Ce Ce/CHe Ce/Bg Ba/Ba Cg/Cg Cg/Cg C/Cg Cg/Cg Ba/Ba Bg/Bg Ba/Ba D/De D/Cg C/Ca Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Ba/Ba Ce/Ce

A 750 BM 750 (2) C 750 (2) HW 180 (2) 560 P 180 (2) A 750 BM 90 C 90 180 (2) P 90 180 (4) A 90 C 180 (2) F 750 P 90 180 (2) C 750 270 HW 270 P 90 270 C 360 (3) BM 270 C 360 F 360 HM 750 HW 360 C 360 (2) HW 750 560 BM 270 C 180 270 P 270 (3) C 270 P 270 B 360 BM 360 C 360 P 360 P 360 (2) C 750 C 560 (2) HW 270 560 P 90 270 (3) 360 (6) A 360 BM 90 C 560 (2) HW 560 P 560 (2) BM 270 P 270 (2) C 270 BM 270 C 750 560 HW 750 (2) P 270 (2) 560 C 750 560 P 560 A 270 BM 270 C 90 270 P 750 560 BM 360 BM 750 C 180 (2) HW 750 (2) P 750 C 560 P 750 A 560 BM 750 C 750 (5) 560 HM 180 HW 750 560 P 180 (10) A 750 C 180 (2) P 750 (2) A 360 C 360 (2) P 360 A 90 BM 750 560 C 750 560 (2) P 90 A 750 360 BM 360 C 750 360 HW 560 P 750 360 (2) A 750 BM 750 C 750 (4) HW 180 (2) P 180 (5) 560 (5) BM 560 C 90 180 P 270 560 A 90 C 360 (2) HW 560 (2) P 90 270 (2) A 750 560 BM 560 (2) C 750 (5) 560 HW 750 560 P 750 (6) 560 W 90 C 560 (2) A 750 BM 90 C 270 (2) HM 750 HW 270 (2) P 270 C 750 (2) P 560 (2) A 270 C 90 270 HW 750 770 A 560 BM 560 C 560 (2) HW 270 560 P 560 C 180 HW 90

201 4 202 6 Wooburn 203 270 (2) 2 204 4 360 (4) 205 2 360 (2) Woughton-on-the-Green 180 (1) 206 1 Wycombe 14 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 7 3 1 8 3 6 1 6 2 24 5 4 7 9 19 5 8 18 2 8 4 5 7 1 1

90 (1) 270 (4) 360(9) 90 (1) 360 (6) 270 (3) 270 (1) 180 (3) 270 (3) 360 (2) 180 (1) 360 (2) 90 (1) 180 (1) 270 (3) 360 (1) 360 (1) 180 (6) 180 (1) 360 (1) 180 (19) 360 (5) 180 (5) 360 (4) 90 (2) 180 (2) 360 (3) 180 (3) 360 (6) 180 (16) 360 (3) 90 (1) 180 (1) 270 (1) 360 (2) 90 (2) 270 (2) 360(4) 90 (1) 180 (11) 360 (6) 360 (2) 90 (1) 180 (2) 270(5) 180 (2) 360 (2) 90 (1) 180 (1) 270(3) 270 (1) 360 (6) 180 (1) 90 (1)

Bh/Bh 1667 CHe/CHe Early 1666 Bg/Bg

118 No. No. examined 3 20 8

A REVISED SURVEY OF THE Breakdown of die-axes 90 (3) 180 (6) 270 (5) 360 (9) 180 (8) Borders

SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY

Date Collections (R = Ramage) Early Early (R) 1666 C 900 (2) P 90 A 360 BM 360 C 750 (5) 360 (5) F 180" HM 360 HW 270 (2) P 180 (2) 270 (3) 360 (J) A 750 BM 750 C 750 (5) HW 750 (2) P 750

233 234 235

Ce/Ce C/Cg Ba/Ba

B I O G R A P H I C A L

DETAILS

OF

T H E

ISSUERS

Name Amersham Andrew Barowes, A.B.

Date of token 1652/ 1665 1666

Trade

Name of spotise(s)

Born

Died (IV = left will) 1685

Clothworker Mary Snell (1665) Weaver Lace buyer Tobacconist Mercer William Rutt (d. 1663, W) 1. B 2. Mary 1631 1. Margaret Baines (1658, d. 1659) 1629 2. Hannah Dover (1659, d. 1664) widow (d. 1688)

John Cocke, I.M.C. Francis Lane, F.G.L. Elizabeth Rutt, E.R. 1668 William Statham, W.B.S. 1653 Richard Webb, R.SW. Aylesbury Joseph Bell, I.H.B. William Burges
1666

1702 W 1686 W 1714 W 1692

1659 1670

1680 Coffee-house proprietor (The Turk's Head) Innkeeper Richard Butler, R.S.B. Susannah (d. 1697, W) 1691 W 1666 (The Crown) 1. Ellen Gauderne (1631, d. 1636) Gyles Childe, G.D.C. Mercer 1661 2. Dorothy Edward Cope, E.D.C. Draper Dorothy (d. 1674) Stephen Dagnall, S.I.D. 1. Eleanor Palmer (1643, d. 1646) 1684 W 1656 B Stationer 2. Joan Webley (1647) William Dawney, W.E.D. 1657 Ch Innkeeper Elizabeth Horwood (1637, d. 1692, 1613 1685 (King's W) Head) John Dossett, I.I.D. 1670 Brewer Joan (d. 1682) 1676 Joseph Freer, I.M.F. 1652 B Grocer Mary (d. 1660) 1625 John Hill 1665 Tallow chand- Mary (d. 1680) 1683 ler Thomas Hill, T.R.H. B Mercer and 1676 Draper Joseph Saxton, I.S. 1629 1667 Thomas Stratford, T.M.S. 1667 1699 Martha Oviatts (1665) Alexander Trott, A.A.T. 1669 1678 Grocer William Welch, W.IW. B Grocer and 1703 W 1. Ann Church (1653) Tallow 2. Joan Michael (1657) chandler Draper Francis Wethered, F W . 1660 Anne Brox (1642, d. 1673) Beaconsfield Thomas Cocke, T.I.C. Thomas Cocke, T.K.C. John Foscet Carpenter Ch Carpenter 1669 Jane (d. 1717, W) Katherine Pennell (1655, d. 1690) 1706 IV
1682

T O K E N S OF B U C K I N G H A M S H I R E Date of token Joseph Grimsdale, I.M.G. 1658 Henry Tripp, H.A.T. 1668 William Willis, W.F.W. Brill Thomas Cater, T.E.C. William Clark, W.E.C. William Goldar, W.A.G. J H , I.H. Elizabeth Scarlett, E.S. Broughton John Wilson, I.W. Buckingham William Atton, W.E.A. Elizabeth Crawley John Hartley, I.H. 1663
1668

119 Born Died (W = left will) 1711

Name

Trade

Name of spouse(s)

1668

Mary (d. 1692) Tallow chandler Innkeeper Frances (The Bull) 1. Hester Hicks (1663) 2. E

1671 Ch 1669

1636 1696 1672

Mercer Ch Mercer Agnes Aldinge (1628) Innkeeper (The Half Moon) 1669 Grocer 1. John Scarlett (d. 1664) 2. Thomas Carter Junior (1672)

M Draper Mercer and Draper Mercer and Draper Thomas Crawley (d. 1665) Elizabeth Grove (1626) Mary Burghes (1656) 1. Elizabeth Goodman (1653, d. 1654) 2. Elitia Frances Woodcocke (1637)

1627 1683 1605 1679 1627 1667 W 1623

16501 1660 John Hartley Junior, I.H. 1665 John Kew John Rennals, I.E.R. Peter Reynolds, P.F.R. George Robins, G.R. Chalfont St. Peter John Bennitt, I.O.B. Jarvice Good, I.M.G. Edward White Chesham Richard Amond, R.D.A. William Childe, W.M.C. Rise Davis, R.E.D. Abraham Garraway, A.M.G. William Grome, W.S.G. John Grover, I.I.G. Thomas Hall James Joyse, I.M.I. Thomas Slauter, T.M.S. Samuel Trecher, S.G.T./ S.I.T. John Tyler, I.A.T.

1668 Ch 1668 B Lace buyer 1658 Ch Lace buyer M Mercer

1671 1635

Inkeeper (The 1. Susanna Butterfield (1630) Greyhound) 2. O Ch Innkeeper (The Greyhound) 1664 Innkeeper (The Bell) 1664 B 1671 1671 Clothworker Brewer Tobacconist

1668

1602 1675 W 1626 1673

1609 1. 2. Martha Birch (1654) 1. M 2. Anne Susan (d. 1687) Jane Hopper (1655) Mary 1. Anne 2. Mary (d. 1675) Mary 1. G 2. Jane (d. 1682) Amy 1676 W 1705 W 1690 W 1696 1611 1686 IV 1616 1625 1687 W 1621

1671 Clothworker 1655 Ch Tailor Ch Mercer and Draper 1658 1669 1653/ B 1665 1665 Cordwainer Mercer and Draper Mercer

120 Name

A REVISED SURVEY OF THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY Date of token 1653 1658 Trade Name of spouse(s) Born Died (jy= left will) 1608 1628 1695

Richard Ware, R.P.W. Samuell Ware, S.S.W. Colnbrook Thomas Burcombe, T.D.B. John Forise, I.S.F. Alice Goad John Guy, I.B.G. Susan Homes, S.H. John Hosey, I.I.H. Samuell Mills, S.M.M.

Philotheta Hardinge (1632) 1. S 2. Greas Downes (1665) Ch Innkeeper (The Dorothy (d. 1675) White Hart) Innkeeper (The Bear) Innkeeper William Goade (d. 1658) (The Bell) Chandler Beatrice (d. 1662, W) Innkeeper (The Ball) Innkeeper Joan (d. 1668) (The Angel) Innkeeper (The 1. Margaret (d. 1662) Ostrich) 2. Alice Ch Mercer 1. first wife (d. 1635) 2. Dorothy (d. 1670, W) Grocer 1. Susan (d. 1666) 2. Sarah Mary (d. 1676) Anne (d. 1686)

1667 1669 1652

1674 1676 W 1654 W 1682 W

1666 W

1657

1672 W 1600 1658 W 1692 W

Edmund Slocombe, E.D.S. 1653 Edlesborough Daniell Finch, D.SF. 1666

Emberton John Peirceson 1668 Anthony Scaldwell, A. A.S. 1664 Eton Thomas Collings 1669 Richard Robinson, RA.R. 1666 B Fenny Stratford Robert Honnor, R.L.H. William Inns, W.A.I. John Smalbons, I.E.S. Great Horwood John Carter Henry Feilden Francis Woodcock, F.E.W./F.F.W. Haddenham John Morfield, I.M. Hambledon John Lane, I.M.L. Horton George Goad, G.M.G. Hughendon Francis Barnaby, F.A.B. her Nicholas Mervin, N.E.M. Ch Grocer Baker 1669 1669 Ch

Pipe maker Lucy (d. 1671) Alice (d. 1670) Elizabeth (d. 1658) 1678 W 1683

Grocer 1655/ 1667 1651 Ch Grocer Feltmaker 1656

1668

Carrier Haberdasher 1. Eliz Watts (1645) 2. F 3. Jane

1617 1676 W 1624 1683 W

1668

Carrier Blacksmith Mary Pearce (1664) Mary Alice Ledringham (1617) Elizabeth 1684 1683 W 1706 W

T O K E N S OF B U C K I N G H A M S H I R E Name Date of token Trade Name of spouse(s)

121 Born Died (tV= left will)

Ivinghoe Robert Barnes, R.S.B. Henry Butler John Tomes, I.S.T. Lavendon Edmund Baltswell, E.A.B. Leckhamstead Abraham Taylor Little Brickhill Charles Lord Little Horwood Hugh Willeatt, HA.W. Marlow Alice Boules, A.B. (nee Parker) Stephen Harris, S.D.H. Thomas Lane, T.L. Alice Parker, A.P.

1667

Mercer Baker Mercer Ch Baker

Sarah Wooster (1657) Ann Harding (1664)

Alice (1649)

1669

Innkeeper (The Cock) Tallow chandler Ann Innkeeper (The Queen) 1678 1693 1. Dorothy (d. 1671) 2. Martha Johana Amy (d. 1699) Joan (d. 1663) Katherine 1. Joane (1663) 2. Mary Elizabeth Barnes (1656, d. 1672) Sarah Jane Watts (1630)

1669

1669 1666 Q Baker Innkeeper (The Queen) Gunsmith Mercer Silk weaver

1644 1693 1605 1662 W 1621 1663 W 1642 1711 W

1667 Peter Rivers, P.A.R. Thomas Smith, T.I.S. Silvester Widmere, S.K.W. Mursley Henry Pitkin Newport Pagnell William Breden, W.E.B. John Burgis, I.S.B. Josias Chapman, I.C. John Child, I.R.C. Edward Cooper, E.C./ E.E.C. James Davis, I.E.D. John Davis, I.I.D. Rob. Hooton, R.E.H. Samuell Lambert John Norman, I.E.N./I.N. Thomas Perrott, T.E.P. W S , W.F.S. John Thornton, I.E.T.
1668

1636 1682 W 1606 1658 W 1667 1702 W

1668

Lace buyer

1667 Ch Tobacconist 1667 Q Grocer Skinner

Elizabeth Elizabeth Burfoote (1635, d. 1669, 1666 W fV) Draper 1. Joan Comendale (1655) 1638 1705 W 2. Martha Cowley (1667) Elizabeth King (1655, d. 1682) 1677 Mary 1639 Grocer 1. Anne Humphrey (1632, d. 1633) 1611 1682 2. Elizabeth (d. 1669) Elizabeth (d. 1678) 1625 1678 Merchant of 1. Elizabeth (d. 1662) 1680 W small wares 2. Susanna Arnott (1664, d. 1691) Joan (d. 1710) 1641 1722 W

Newton Longville Jeffery Willison, I.I.W.

1667 Q

Tobacconist

122 Name

A R E V I S E D S U R V E Y OF T H E S E V E N T E E N T H - C E N T U R Y Date of token Q 1666/ Q 1668 1662 1662 1658 Q 1668 1652 1668 Q Lace buyer Trade Name of spouse(s) Born Died (W = left will)

North Crawley Nicholas Steele, N.M.S. Northall William Ashby, W.A.A. Olney John Amps, I.R.A. Robert Aspray, R.M.A. James Brierly, I.M.B. Moses Freeman, M.E.F. John Gaynes, I.S.G. Joseph Scrivener, I.E.S. Mary Avis Sayle (1635)

Ropemaker Lace buyer Bone lace merchant Mercer, Baker, and Draper Grocer Grocer Grocer

Rose Mary (d. 1720, W) Elizabeth (d. 1707) 1. Sarah (d. 1671) 2. Elizabeth (d. 1689) Elizabeth (d. 1715)

1694 1670 1673 W 1694

Princes Risborough Edward Barnaby, E.W.B. 1665 Thomas Headeach, T.E.H. 1669 B Shenley Joseph Inns, I.E.I. Sherington Edward Britnell, E.A.B. Soulbury John Neale, I.F.N. Steeple Claydon William Norman, W.I.N. 1668 B Stewkley Thomas Coles 1667 Q 1670

1636 Elizabeth Daniel (d. 1687) Alice Frances (d. 1699) 1643 1680 W 1696 1700 W 1608 1689 W

Grocer Grocer and Tallow chandler Mercer and Tallow chandler Grocer Mercer Draper

Jane 1. Anne 2. Christina

Stokenchurch George Cubbidge, G.A.C. 1669

Alice

Stony Stratford Francis Anderton, F.A. Robert Anderton, R.M.A. Hugh Blatso, H.M.B. John Botrill, I.A.B. Thomas Burges, T.A.B.

Ch Cordwainer 1657 Q Baker and Grocer Christopher Clifton, C.I.C. Ch Pewterer Painter Mathew Finall, M.F.F. Lace buyer 1664 Innkeeper (The Lion)

Mary (d. 1675) 1. Mary (d. 1654) 2. Elliner Clark (1655, d. 1664) Anne Anne Greene (1627) wife (d. 1678) 1. Jan (d. 1646) 2. F Ann Gray (1654) Mary (d. 1687)

1696 W 1686 1616 1669 1684 W 1692 1672

Thomas Forfeit, T.A.F. John Gomford Henry Honnor William Marshall, W.M.M.

TOKENS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE Name Date of token 1669 1668 Trade Name of spouse(s)

123 Born Died (W= left will)

Francis Penn, F.P. John Penn, I.M.P. William Smith, W.E.S. Richard Veasey, R.E.V. Swanbourne John Bavin, I.B. Thornborough Edward Purssell, E.P. Tingewick George Drury, G.M.D. John Durrant Waddesdon Richard Sutherey, R.M.S. Warrington Thomas Norris, T.M.N. Wendover George Brown, G.A.B. John Duncombe, I.E.D. John Fosscet, I.M.F. Francis Funge, F.E.F. Ralph Hill, R.E.H. Gabriell Preotice, G.A.P. Thomas Stokins, T.P.S. West Wycombe Thomas Leech, T.A.L. Winslow Matthew Bishop, M.D.B. John Crawley John Dimock John Forrest, I.M.F. William Giles, W.M.G. Thomas Godwin, T.I.G. Daniel Sayer, D.S. Thomas Smallbones, T.A.S. John Watts, I.K.W. Wooburn Robert Drew, R.A.D. Jonathan Kingham, I.K. Woughton-on-the-Green William Coale, W.E.C. Wycombe Thomas Atkines, T.E.A. Thomas Bates, T.B.

Mercer Tanner Innkeeper (The Lion)

Grace Hursles (1657, d. 1667) 1680

1652

Tallow chand- Mary ler

1600

1668 M 1669 1668 Mercer Maltster Carrier

1644

Mary Mary (d. 1689, W) Mary Lawton (1663)

1707 W 1674 W

1668
Chapman Feltmaker Grocer Grocer

1664 1668 1655 1664 1656 1667 Ch

Anne (d. 1694) Elizabeth (d. 1702) Elizabeth (d. 1687) Elizabeth (d. 1694) Amy (d. 1695)

1702 1670 W 1633 1694

1. A 2. Phyllis Deborah Shrimpton (1649, d. 1688) Tobacconist Tobacconist Baker Feltmaker Grocer Feltmaker 1644 Jane Townsend (1671) Mary Muncke (1653) 1. J 2. Maria Anne Reeves (1648, d. 1699) Katherine Lipscombe

1696

1666 1666 1666 1666 1666 B Ch

1689

1713

1664 1664 Q Paper miller Grocer 1668

1661

1692 1680 1676 W 1699

Anne (d. 1677) Anne Elizabeth (d. 1717) 1. E 2. Anne (d. 1676) widow (d. 1676)

Butcher Lace buyer

1670 W

124 Name

A REVISED SURVEY OF THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY Date of token Trade Name of spouse(s) Born Died (W = left will)

Samuell Boudrey, S.I.B. Thomas Butterfield, T.B. Thomas Dimarsh, T.A.D. 1668 William Fisher, W.A.F. Robert Frier, R.F. Jeremiah Gray, I.M.G. 1652 1652

John Harding, I.M.H. Thomas Harding, T.E.H. 1668 1666 Francis Ingeby, F.I. John Juson, I.M.I. Richard Lucas, R.D.L. John Morris, I.M. Alexander Parnam, A.K.P. Richard Preist, R.E.P. John Rowell, I.M.R. Thomas Taylor, T.E.T. Robert Watson, R.M.W. 1669 1653/ 1670 1666 1668 1662 1667 1666

Innkeeper (The 1. Jane Grarell (1644) King's Head) 2. Joane Grimsdale (1665) Innkeeper (The Wheatsheaf) Grocer and Draper Ch, Clothworker 1. Anna Gray (1635) 2. Sarah King (nee Harding, M d. 1661, W) Innkeeper Elizabeth Turner (1633) (The Rose) Innkeeper Martha Tomb (1646, d. 1664) (The Swan) Margeritt Blacknell (1656) Elizabeth B Grocer Ch Lace buyer Dorothea Weedon (1666, d. 1719, W) Innkeeper (The Mary Littell (1666) Chequers) M Innkeeper (The Red Lion) Tallow chand- 1. Mary Robeson (1652) ler 2. Dorothy Elliott (1662) M Innkeeper (The Katherine Noble (1639) Greyhound) Elizabeth Carpenter Elizabeth Harding (1654) B Lace buyer (Coffee-house 1. Mary Joanes (1661) proprietor)(1)2. Elizabeth Big (1670) (The Saracen's Head) M

1659 W

1664 W
1668

1674 W 1691 W 1675 W 1695 1679

1671

Thomas Wheatly, T.S.W. Robert Whitton, R.K.W.

1711 W Innkeeper (The Katharine Bradshaw (1656, d. 1718, Antelope) W) 1707 Tanner 1. Penelope Edward Winch, E.P.W. 1666 2. Jane Note. B = Baptist. Q = Quaker. Ch = served a period as Churchwarden. M = became Mayor. Trades given in italics are not discernible from the tokens themselves.

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S

The writers would like to convey their thanks to all those who have offered advice and information for this paper, including making collections available for study. We would particularly like to thank Mr. E. J. Davis, Buckinghamshire County Archivist, and Mr. C. N. Gowing, Curator, Aylesbury Museum, and their staffs; also Messrs. F. E. Baker, D. Chipperfield, G. Dawson, A. Fleming, D. J. Gaunt, E. G. H. Kempson, L. J. Mayes, J. Neufville-Taylor, E. C. Rouse, P. J. Seaby, R. H. Thompson, F. M. Underhill, J. L. Wetton, Sir Frank Markham, and Mrs. J. Durley for their encouragement, as well as the staffs of museums whose collections are mentioned.

TOKENS OF B U C K I N G H A M S H I R E

125

THE

PLATES

The majority of the specimens featured on Plates 3 and 4 are from the collection in the County Museum, Aylesbury. Exceptions are nos. 14,153, and 154 (Ashmolean Museum, Oxford); nos. 125, 137, 209, and 214 (British Museum); nos. 35 and 200 (Hunter Coin Cabinet, Glasgow); no. 98 (Hampshire County Museum, Winchester); no. 157 (Devizes Museum); and nos. 54,116,160, and 205 (F. E. Baker, Esq.). No. 129 is in the possession of one of the authors of this paper (P.M.). The coins are numbered on the plates in accordance with their numbering in the preceding catalogue. POSTSCRIPT In December 1975, Mr. S. H. Monks kindly drew the attention of the authors to a previously unpublished halfpenny token from Waddesdon, in the possession of Mr. G. Swindells. The token, mentioned briefly in Messrs. Coins & Antiquities List No. 52, can be described as follows:
1 7 9 a J$HENRY AND ELIZABETH THEIR HALF PENY J^BATTERSON AT THE BELL IN WADS DON

(uncertain Die-axis 360. Borders, Ba/Ba (late style).

punctuation)

The issuers kept 'The Bell', a hostelry which still stands next to the church on the A41 trunk road. The parish register records the baptisms and burials of some of the Batterson's children, and also notes that Henry Batterson was buried on 16 January 1680 (O.S.). He was outlived by his parents, Henry (d. 1682) and Anne (d. 1689), his brother Michael (d. 1696) and his wife Elizabeth. A memorial relating to the family can be seen on the south chancel wall of the church.

rLA 1 E

111

*UL.

ALIII

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V O L . XLIII