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FM&HM LAB

CALIBRATION OF ORIFICE METER

AIM: To determine the Co-efficient of discharge Cd of the orificemeter

APPARATUS:
Flow measurement device apparatus, Stop watch SPECIFICATIONS: * Area of Measuring tank, * Diameter of the Orificemeter (venacontracta), * Diameter of the Orificemeter (Inlet) , A = 0.064 m2 d = 12.5 mm D = 25 mm

DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS: The apparatus has a measuring Tank to measure the flow rate, and pipe line with a Orificemeter. Tapping with Ball valves are provided at Inlet & Outlet of the Orificemeter and these are connected to manometer.A constant steady supply of water is provided using monoblock pump with a means for varying the flow rate

THEORY:
An ORIFICE METER is another simple device used for the measuring the discharge through pipes, orifice meter also works on the same principle as that of Venturimeter i.e, by reducing the cross-sectional area of flow passage, a pressure difference between the two sections before and after Orifice is developed and the measurement of the pressure difference enables the

determination of the discharge through the pipe . However , an orifice meter is a cheaper arrangement for discharge measurement through pipes and its installation requires a smaller length as compared with Venturimeter. As such where the space is limited, the orifice meter may be used for the measurement of discharge through pipes .

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Discharge can be determined as follows:

Qtheo =

a1x a2 2g H ---------------------- (a12 - a22) ,Qth a1 a2 H = = = =

m3 /Sec

Where,

Theoretical discharge c/s area of the inlet = c/s area of pipe c/s area of the throat head (in meters of fluid flowing through the pipe ) Sm h x ----- - 1 SW differential manometer reading Specific gravity of manometric liquid. Specific gravity of fluid in the pipe. (i.e; water & SW= 1)

Where H h Sm SW = = = =

The actual flow rate is expected to be less than that given by the equation above because of frictional effects and consequent head loss between section at inlet and throat . In practice it is customery to account for this loss by insertion of an experimentally determined co-efficient of known as Coefficient of discharge . Thus the equation for actual discharge becomes Qact = Cd Qth The value of co-efficient of discharge -Cd depends on Renolds number (Re) of the flow and increases with increase in Reynoldss number for the

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same throat ratio . This has been observed experimentally to be true and the value of Cd is seen to vary from 0.95-0.99 for Re > 105.

PROCEDURE:
1. Fill-in the sump tank with clean water. 2. Keep the delivery valve closed. 3. Connect the power cable to 1 Ph, 220 V, 10 Amps with earth connection. 4. Switch-ON the Pump & open the delivery valve. 5. Open the corresponding ball valve of the Venturimeter pipe line. 6. Adjust the flow through the control valve of the pump. 7. Open the corresponding ball valves fitted to Venturi / Orifice tappings. 8. Note down the differential head reading in the Manometer. (Expel if any air is there by opening the drain cocks provided with the Manometer). 9. Operate the Butterfly Valve to note down the collecting tank reading against the Known time and Keep it open when the readings are not taken. 10. Change the flow rate & repeat the experiment. OBSERVATIONS:
MANOMETER READING mm of Hg D= 25mm d=12.5mm TIME TAKEN FOR 20cm RISE OF WATER t 'sec'

OPENINGS

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CALCULATIONS * Area of Measuring tank, * Acceleration due to gravity, * Diameter at the vena contracta, * Diameter of the Inlet section, A = 0.064 m2 g = 9.81 m/sec2 d = 12.5 mm

D = 25 mm

1. THEORETICAL DISCHARGE, a1x a2 2g H ---------------------- (a12 - a22) = =

Qtheo =

m3 /Sec

Where, a1 a2

Area of Intel section Area of vena-contracta 12.6 x h in m

= =

D2/4 d2/4

in m2 in m2

Loss of head H = Where,

h = Manometer differential head in mm of Hg.

2.

ACTUAL DISCHARGE, AR Qact = --------100 t Area of measuring tank in m2 Rise of water level for timet secs in m. time taken in seconds for R mm rise of water. m3 /Sec
/

Where,

A R t

= = =

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3. CO-EFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE,

Actual discharge Cd
= ------------------------------

Theoretical discharge

Qact = ----Qtheo

TABLE OF CALCULATIONS:

OPENINGS

MANOMETER READING mm of Hg

TIME TAKEN FOR 20cm RISE OF WATER t 'sec

AREA (A)

AREA (a1)

AREA (a2)

Qth

Qact

Cd

D= 25mm d=12.5mm

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

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