Summary: Lesson 2

1. Drawing tools Paper: Important qualities: colour, thickness and size. Thickness is measured by the weight of 1 m2, GSM, which is grams per square metre. Size in Europe is measured in A format: A0= 1 m2, if you fold it in two (by the longer side) you have 2 A1 sheets of m2. Typical notebook sheet is A4. How many A4 pages can be made from 1 single A0? Pencil: Classifed by hardness of the lead: B -> Black (soft). 6B is harder than 2B. 1B doesnt exist, its just B. Perfect for artistic drawings. HB-> Medium and Black. For sketches and normal draftings. H-> Hard. 6H is harder than 2H. 1H doesnt exist, is H. For technical drawings (plans). Hardness List (from soft to hard): Soft: 6B, 5B, 4B, 3B, 2B Medium: B and HB Hard: H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H Propelling pencil: Classified by hardness (like pencils) and diameter. Typical ones are 0,5 mm across. Eraser: Made from rubber. They must not stain the paper. Fountain pen: Like pens and ballpoint pens. They use ink cartridges. Classified by thickness. Rulers: They usually measure millimetres (and centimetres). Set squares Usually in two shapes: 90/60/30: scalene triangle 90/45/45: isosceles triangle Compasses: Use it to draw archs and circumferences (line around a circle). One end has a needle and the other end has a pencil lead. Protractor: Use it to measure angles. You can draw new ones too (with the number of degrees that you like).
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Words to know:
Thickness: grosor Size: tamao, talla To measure: medir Weight: peso Square metre: metro cuadrado To fold: doblar, plegar Side: lado Sheet: hoja (folio) Pencil: lpiz To classify: clasificar Hardness: Dureza Lead: punta (en este contexto). Tambin plomo y vanguardia. Hard: duro, Harder: ms duro, Just: solo (solamente). Tambin justo. Sketch: boceto (primer dibujo aproximado) Drafting: croquis (dibujo tcnico normal). Soft: blando Medium: medio Propelling pencil: portaminas Diameter: dimetro (seccin). .. mm across: milmetros de ancho (de lado a lado). Eraser: borrador Rubber: goma de caucho To stain: manchar, ensuciar Fountain pen: estilgrafo (rotring) Ink: tinta Cartridges: cartuchos Rulers: reglas. Tambin, gobernantes. Usually: normalmente Set squares: escuadra y cartabn Shape: forma 90/60/30 set square: cartabn 90/45/45 set square: escuadra Compasses: el comps Circumferences: circunferencias Around: alrededor Circle: crculo End: extremo (en este contexto). Tambin final o fn. Needle: aguja Protractor: transportador de ngulos Angles: ngulos Degrees: grados
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Tips for better drawings: 1.-When you use the compasses, don't cross the paper with the needle. 2.-Clean your rulers and set squares with soap and water. Do so frequently. 3.-If you think before you draw, you make less mistakes. Then you erase less often. 4.-Don't press the pencil too hard. You can scratch the paper. 5.- Hold the corners of the sheet with tape if you need. 6.- If you make parallel lines and they are not perfect, maybe you moved the set squares. Repeat and be careful. 2 Drawing Techniques: We can use these techniques: -Drawing a simple sketch. -Drawing ortographic projections (views) of the object. -Drawing a 3D object using perspective. -Adding measures (dimensions). -Using scale to draw tiny or huge items. Tips for sketching: -Use simple lines. -Imagine geometrical shapes in everyday items (circles, lines, rectangles, triangles). -Try to find out how these shapes are connected. -Draw the shapes one by one. -Use rulers and set squares. -Don't draw small details or colours, they will confuse you. -Practice, practice, practice... If you don't try, you don't learn. -When you finish, try to draw shadows and details (not many). Ortographic Projections -An object can be well described using six views of it: -Front and rear view (quite similar). -Left and right side views (often the same). -Top and bottom side views (called plan). -You can imagine the shadow of an object if you put it in a corner in a box. -The shadow under the object would be the plan. -The shadow on the rear side would be the
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Tips: pistas, trucos. Tambin propinas. To cross: cruzar Soap: jabn. To think: pensar. Mistakes: errores. Often: a menudo. To press: presionar To scratch: araar. To hold: sostener, aguantar. Tape: cinta adhesive. Tambin cintas (de cassette) y cinta en general. Maybe: quizs. To repeat: repetir To be careful: ser cuidadoso, tener cuidado.

Ortographic: ortogrficas (a 90 cada imagen). Views: vistas. Perspective: perspectiva, punto de vista. To add: aadir, sumar. Dimensions: cotas (medidas con flechas). Scale: escala. Tiny: diminuto, muy pequeo. Huge: inmenso, muy grande.

Everyday: de todos los das, cotidianos. To find out: averiguar. One by one: una tras otra. Details: detalles. To confuse: confundir To try: intentar. To learn: aprender Shadows: sombras Many: muchos, demasiados To describe: describer. Front view: alzado Rear view: alzado posterior Left side view: perfil izquierdo Right side view: perfil derecho. Top view: planta superior. Bottom view: planta inferior. Corner: esquina o rincn (ojo, distinto en castellano). Box: caja. Under: debajo de
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rear view. -The shadow on the side would be the right/left side view. Multiview: ortographic projections -Most drawings only need three views (front side, top side (plan) and right side/left side). Pictorial drawings: Perspective -You can use perspective to make a 3D drawing. -We only see two ways this year: -Oblique/Cabinet Perspective (not very realistic). -Isometric Perspective (more realistic, but difficult). -There are other perspectives, but they are too difficult for this year. Oblique/Cabinet perspective: Look the figure. This is oblique perspective. Cabinet perspective is the same, but with a 45 angle (not any other). Isometric perspective More realistic, but more difficult. See the figure. Getting views from a pictorial drawing: 1.-Block in boxes for views in proportion. 2.-Block in construction for archs, circles, etc. 3.-Complete details. 4.-Add dimensions. Dimensions: measuring objects 1-A good drawing must include measures, they are called dimensions. Use a H or 2H pencil to make them, 2-They must be lines with arrows in both ends, with small lines marking the end of the measure. 3-The number is always in millimetres (can be centimetres but must be written). 4-The number must be over the line if the line is horizontal (left to right). 5-The number must be on the left side of the line if the line is vertical (up to down). 6-The dimension for a diameter uses the symbol . 7-The radius of a circumference uses the letter R. 8-Don't duplicate dimensions. Exercise 1: Practice your vocabulary!
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Multiview: Vistas mltiples.

Pictorial: dibujos en 3D, con volumen. Ways: Maneras o formas. Tambin caminos o senderos. Oblique: oblcua (no se usa en Europa). Cabinet: caballera (en este contexto). Isometric: isomtrica (iguales medidas). is the same: es la misma. not any other: y no otra cualquiera. Figure: ilustracin, dibujo, grfico.

To get: obtener, conseguir. Block in: Encaja en Proportion: proporcin

Arrows: flechas To mark: indicar, marcar. Written: escrito. Over: por encima, sobre.

Radius: radio. To duplcate: duplicar.

YOUR SIDE (you can read this, and your partner cant) 1-Ask for help to a partner! Make pairs and keep the sheet between you. 2-Your partner can ask you: Whats the meaning in Spanish of Number 5? 3-You must answer the correct translation. Then, ask your partner: Is it true? 4-He (or she) will tell you: Congratulations, youre right or Sorry, try again 5-If you cant remember a word, ask to your partner: Can we try another word? 6-Your partner can ask you other number then. Repeat the process Score: if you are right, +1 point, if you ask for another word, -1 point When you finish, write the score on the table or tell it to your teacher. Then, flip the sheet over and help your partner to practice vocabulary with you dont forget to count points and fill the table with your score! When you both finish, give it to the teacher.
1. 2. 3. Thickness Size Weight Square metre Side Sheet Pencil Hardness Lead Hard Just Sketch Drafting Soft Medium Propelling pencil Diameter Eraser Rubber Fountain pen Ink Cartridges Rulers Set squares Shape 90/60/30 set square 90/45/45 set square Compasses Circumferences Circle End Needle Protractor 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. Angles Degrees Tips Soap Mistakes Often Tape 41.Ortographic views 42. Perspective 43. Dimensions 44. Scale 45. Tiny 46. Huge 47. Details 48. Shadows 49. Front view 50. Rear view 51. Left side view 52. Right side view 53. Top view 54. Bottom view 55. Corner 56. Box 57. Multiview 58. Pictorial 59. Ways 60. Oblique perspective 61. Cabinet perspective 62.Isometric perspective 63. Figure 64.Proportion 65. Arrows 66. Radius

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5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.

Students name 1 2

Score

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ASKING PARTNER SIDE (only the asking partner can see it) 1-Help your partner! Make pairs and keep the sheet between you. 2-You begin asking: Whats the meaning in Spanish of Number 5? (change number) 3-Your partner answers. Then, your partner asks: Is it true? 4-You tell him/her: Congratulations, youre right or Sorry, try again 5-If he cant remember a word, he/she will ask you: Can we try another word? 6-You can ask him/her other number then. Repeat the process Score: if your partner is right, +1 point, if he/she asks for another word, -1 point When you finish, your partner writes the score on the table or tells it to your teacher. Then, flip the sheet over and try to practice vocabulary with you dont forget to count points 1. Thickness: grosor 34.Angles: ngulos 2. Size: tamao, talla 35.Degrees: grados 3. Weight: peso 36.Tips: pistas, trucos, propinas 4. Square metre: metro cuadrado 37.Soap: jabn. 5. Side: lado 38.Mistakes: errores. 6. Sheet: hoja (folio) 39.Often: a menudo. 7. Pencil: lpiz 40.Tape: cinta adhesiva, cinta en general. 8. Hardness: dureza 41.Ortographic views: vistas ortogrficas 9. Lead: punta 42.Perspective: perspectiva, punto de vista. 10.Hard: duro 43.Dimensions: cotas (medidas con flechas). 11.Just: solo (solamente), justo. 44.Scale: escala. 12.Sketch: boceto 45.Tiny: diminuto, muy pequeo. 13.Drafting: croquis 46.Huge: inmenso, muy grande. 14.Soft: blando 47.Details: detalles. 15.Medium: medio 48.Shadows: sombras 16.Propelling pencil: portaminas 49.Front view: alzado 17.Diameter: dimetro (seccin). 50.Rear view: alzado posterior 18.Eraser: borrador 51.Left side view: perfil izquierdo 19.Rubber: goma de caucho 52.Right side view: perfil derecho. 20.Fountain pen: estilgrafo 53.Top view: planta superior. 21.Ink: tinta 54.Bottom view: planta inferior. 22.Cartridges: cartuchos 55.Corner: esquina o rincn 23.Rulers: reglas 56.Box: caja. 24.Set squares: juego de escuadra y cartabn 57.Multiview: Vistas mltiples 25.Shape: forma 58.Pictorial: dibujos en 3D 26.90/60/30 set square: cartabn 59.Ways: Maneras o formas 27.90/45/45 set square: escuadra 60.Oblique perspective: p. oblcua 28.Compasses: el comps 61.Cabinet perspective: p.caballera 29.Circumferences: circunferencias 62.Isometric p.: p. isomtrica 30.Circle: crculo 63.Figure: ilustracin, dibujo, grfico. 31.End: extremo, final o fn. 64.Proportion: proporcin 32.Needle: aguja 65.Arrows: flechas 66. Radius: radio 33.Protractor: transportador de ngulos

Secciones Europeas - Ingls

Secciones Europeas - Ingls