THIS ISSUE $2.

00 MARCH J3, 1V61

Aviation Week
and Spa€0 tethnology
A MeGRAW-HILL PUBLICATION

28th Annual
Inventory
of Aerospace
Power
 *Hi-Lok by VOI-SHAN

O coverage: 1/16 inch min.

Counterbore absorbs material thiclr-

Q Progressive tightening: Hl Lok

cannot over-torque. The driving sec-
tion separates at pre-estabiished

as 39% lighter than conventional AN

bolt, nut. washer combination,

Q Clearance: Hi-Lok pin head and

coliar diameters allow smaller wrench
clearance. The "torque-o(f" hex-
wrenching section projects to allow
small tool accessibility.

© No recess in head; Improves

style and sealing compound are used

in wet wing assemblies.
 SUPERIOR I ACCURACY
in Heat controls
T !
for let windshields

arc first to use new, advanced

i-icing heat control systems
d by Magnetic Controls Company.

J icing and fogging problems are considerably

Tiorc complex for jet airliners, compared with those en-
toumcred by piston engine planes. With jet travel, faster
ipeeds. higher altitude.s, plus greater extremes in tem-
pcralures and niinospheric pressures, many new problems

iysicms have helped to solve these problems for Convair

5S0 jets. The Magnetic Controls systems offer four distinct

For complete information about this system and how it

may help you obtain precise, accurate heat control for

many applications, write or phone Magnetic Controls
Company today.

MAGNETIC CONTROLS COMPANY

6413 CAMBRIDGE STREET . MINNEAPOLIS 26, MINN. , WEst 9-4691

Control Sysslenis • Stolic Inv«rters « Voltage Monitoring SyUems

Basic as bread ... is the role of electronic instrumentation in human progress.

And often, as close to home • Here, a food processor relies upon a Beckmari oxygen

analyzer to guarantee the freshness and flavor of orange juice. There, using ultracentri-

fuge, electrophoresis apparatus and chromatograph, immunochemists isolate ragweed

allergens in the fight to control hay fever. Farther afield, a Beckman high temperature

ceramic potentiometer helps launch and guide a missile* Everywhere, in the pursuit of

quality, the quest for a cure, the maintenance of leadership- Beckman is part of the

plan. And wherever they are-in the laboratory, in the factory or in space- Beckman com-

ponents, instruments and systems are basic • They are the things on which Beckman

builds its success. ..upon which users of Beckman products build theirs,

AND control] DIVISIONS: aSOKELer- MELIPOT- SCIENTIFIC 4 PROCESS INSTRUMENTS -SPECIAL PROJECTS •SPINCO-SYSTf.MSlBECHM«i.
INSTRUMENTS INTERNATIONAL, SJ„ SWITZERLAND BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS, G.m.U.H.. GERMANY BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS, LTD..SCOILANL
•
•
 HELPING MEN MASTER THE MAZE OF INFORMATION
Tbday's governmental leaders and military commanders must cope with vast amounts of information in controlling
continental and world-wide forces, lb master the maze of facta involved in their decisions and control, command groups
make use of systems which provide automated information'processinf assistance. Developing these systems is our work at
System Development Corporation. DWe have two new, extremely large systems in their first stages of development. In addi-
tion. we arc a major contributor to the SAC Control and SAGE Systems. Our chief concern is with the analysis and
synthestt of such systems, training men for their use. instructing great computers on which these systems are based— and
research into future generations of these systems. We have created a close interdisciplinary science in system development
consisting of Operations Research, Engineering, Human Factors, and Computer Programming. Scientists and en^eers
of these persuasions are invited to write concerning new positions in our expanding programs at Santa Monica, AA
Calif., Washington, D.C., Paramus, N. J. Address Mr. R.L.Obrey, 2432 Colorado Avenue, Santa Monica, Calif. /soc\

Kinetics motor-driven switch has connector reliability

Staff Positions:

ENGINEERING &
ADMINISTRATION

KINETICS
m ARLIN-ROCKWELL
ELIABILITY
OUNTSin the HOLLEY R-92
TURBO-JET COMPRESSOR BLEED CONTROL

for Pratt 4 Whitney Engines

The Holley Designed Compressor Bleed

Control is engineered to regulate the

opening and closing of an engine com-

pressor bleed valve in accordance with a
predetermined schedule. Bearings must
maintain their reliability throughout the
life of the control.
MRC Double Shielded Ball Bearings are used on the
main shaft and accurately locate the rotating fly-
weights and translate their thrust from a rotating
to a static thrust load. The bearings operate up
to 5,000 RPM at temperatures of -65® F. to well
over 250® F.
This Holley Control is used on Pratt & Whitney's
COMPUTENCE TOTAL COMPETENCE IN COMPUTATION
& Whit-
J-57 engine for military use and the Pratt . .
.
provides effectiveness for new system of mobile defense against multiple airborne targets

ney JT-3 engine for the Boeing 707 and Douglas The program: MAULER, U.S. Army’s newest technique, to protect sensitive computer compo-
DC-8 — where reliability Is essential. automatic-firing air defense system, Involving nents from shock during transport
air and
missile-firing vehicles transported by air and parachute drop. Behind the news: Still another
Backed by 63 Years Experience parachuted into battle areas. Basic Burroughs vote of confidence in Burroughs Corporation's
the MRC Engineering Department invites contribution: design arrd production of the Comp'utence— total competence in computation—
consultation on YOUR bearing problems. miniaturized electronic computer systems which from basic research through production and field
will provide radar data processing and computa- service to system management. Confidence in
MAULER. Among special design features Burroughs performance, already proved in such
MARLIN -ROCKWELL CORPORATION tion for
will be the Burroughs Logi-Mod packaging vital programs as ATLAS, SAGE and ALRl.

Executive Offices; Jamestown, N.Y.

Burroughs Corporation.
“SEW DIMESStOSS in computation /or mililarj/ systtms"
j
NOW- A WELD-FREE RENE 41* RING developed by c-t ELIMINATE

S-C Automatic Test Equipment is ready now

for the weapon system of tomorrow

SCATE - Slroiiilwrg-Csrlson Auloitijlic Te*l Equipment — is per- Programmed tvith punched Mylar tape, SCATE reaches 7000-
haps the most adiaiiccd, versatile, and faslest lest equipment bit-])er-second speed asit tests an unpreecdeiilcd number of para-

available today. Highly modular construction alloivs it to meters, makes marginal and contour tests, isolates faults, detects
keep pace with a weapon system from prototyjre to operational performance degradation, predicts probable failures, prints a
permanent record — n/irf checks Usetj.
Nucleus of SCATE is solid-state modules of proven dependability, Ill short, SCATE delivers 1 ) flexibility, 2) complete solid-state
one for virtually every testing function likely to be encountered. modularization, 3) fault isolation, 4) self-testing. Literature on
As a weapon system evolves, the appropriate modules are plugged
in. Only stimulus generators and response normaliaers must be Engineers and scienlisls iiUeresled in challenging opporlunilies
are incited to send resumes to Director, Technical Employment.

CENERAL DYNAMICS ROCHESTER

MILITARY PRODUCTS DIVISION ELECTRONICS |

NEW YORK 3,
DOME and
CLOSURE
FORGINGS
speed solid-propellant
missile capabilities

OUT OF HIGH-STRENGTH
STEELS AND TITANIUM ALLOYS

Dome and closure components, forged and

machined by Wyman-Gordon in both low-
alloy, high-strength steels and all-beta Tita-
nium —have contributed measurably to our
present status in solid-fuel missile develop-
ment. Research is continuing for the pur-
pose of adapting new materials to these
applications. Wyman-Gordon engineer-
metallurgists are available to counsel on all

phases of forging such critical-service parts.

Their assistance can help extend ultimate-
strength limits of your space designs.

THE CASE OF THE THINKING SHIP

It’s automation on the ocean the merchant vessel cruising smartly along, “thinking”
. . .

out its course, sending and receiving messages, maintaining constant lookout. And the
crew, meanwhile, is free to handle other shipboard duties-

The vessel will be capable of staying on a fixed course through strong currents and
winds . . . avoiding collisions . . . maintaining radio contact . changing speed ... all
. .

by advanced automation. Norden is conducting studies right now for the U. S. Maritime
Administration which are the basis for partial automation of our merchant ships. The
ultimate result of such automation would be a ship capable of self-sustained opera-
tion for at least 30 days without maintenance. Equally important, the system will
provide greater safety for our merchant seamen,

Norden brings assignment exceptional skills in computation, com-

to this challenging
munications, navigation and stabilization systems and sub-systems. The "Thinking Ship”
project is another manifestation of the Norden credo. Extending man’s capabilities.

NOlTDEN DIVISION OF UNITED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

NORWALK, CONNECTICUT

FORGINGS nu are available at all levels oC

ItQtilum . . . and Btrylllum Malybdanum CohmbUim ai
alifled engincera and acientiata.

WORCESTER MASSACHUSETTS IS
>s ANGELES CALIFORNIA PALO ALTO CALIPORNI
 precision
“blucket”
for
flight
'

HITCO- propulsion
developed
<:2x2>^Typica! of the blades,
fabrication
buckets, vanes and other jet

techniques engine components produced by

Utica Drop Forge & Tool Division

are
of Keisey-Hayes, is this "blucket"

now -a combination blade-buoket

produced for the General Electric

providing
CJ-805-23 engine.

portions
A pioneer subcontractor in

of superalloy components for jet

propulsion, Utica is in tune with

the ^the present . . . exploring the future.

heat shield (For further information, write

Utica Drop Forge & Tool Division,

for
, Keisey-Hayes Co., Utica 4, N. Y.

production

KELSEY
HAYES
Titan

H. I. THOMPSON FIBER GLASS CO.

 Everything you need for measurement in the tab-
DECKER'S DELTA UNITmakes non-contact capac-
itance gauging practical and economical for the
of a breath ... thevacuum of oi
measure gyro rotor unbalance. into one or another instrument in the Oeita family. first time. Compared with conventional capaci-

Ail incorporate the proved prineipie of the Decker tance measuring systems, the Delta unit has no

T-42 Ionization Transducer*, the most important complex circuitry, provides excellent long-term

Convert any variable into a change in capacitance advance in measurement in decades. Aii models stability.The basic Delta unit is little more than a
but 902-1 have Internal meters. Or. you can easily
stable RF oscillator which excites the T-42 Ioni-
nd there’s a Delta unit available to measure,
zation Transducer. The transducer output itself is
scord, or control that va ria ble more accuratelyand bypass the meter and feed results directly Into
) 0 'e external display, recording, or control equipment. a phase-sensitive differential d.c. voltage anal-
economically than vras ever before possible.
Write for complete details, specifications, and ogous to any change in capacitance across the
You just plug the Della unit into a 115 Vac supply
nd hook up the probes to your simply constructed application suggestions in Series 900 Instrument probe terminals. Here are just a few of the uses to
apacltance sensor. Capacitance changes as slight Data Sheets, available vrithout obligation. Or. just which Decker Delta units are daily put in research
s 1% generate output voltages as large as 0.2 laboratories, manufactu ring plants, defense instal-
dc, indicating direction as well as magnitude. gladly recommend a practical solution.
lations. and hospitals.

THE DECKERJFcORPORATION
,
BHa-CynwyH. Ptnneyivtni,

13
 World’s fastest
airliner...
Convair 990
Thrusts Luxury Jet Travel to
the Edge of the Speed of Sound

Thp second of Convaii'’s jet uii liners, lie t

new and laiKc‘v Convair 9!X), now joins

its sister ship, tlic ('onvuirSSO, in provid-
ing inediuiii- lo tnmscontiiu'iilal-raiigc
transport.
Capable of eriiiKiiig sliced u|> lo 040
miles per hour, ihe (ionvuir 991) will cut
tninscoritiiu'iilal iioiislop fliglils by as
much as 45 iiiiimics. Its sliiriUiiK design

features thinner, radically sw<'pt-hiick

wiriga with four <listinclivc “speed cap-
sules” to sinool h airflow.
The 990 ami the intercuntim'iilal ver-
sion, the Coronado 900. arc .soheiluled for
19131 service by American Airlines, SwiM^-
air, Scandinavian Airlines Sysleiii and
Real Acrovias of Hrazil.
Avco’s Nashville Division produces
many important structural a.<semblics for
Convair’s lalt'st luxui'y ()uecn. The Na.“h-
vilic Division designed, tooled, and pro-
ducer! the Convair SSO wing li|>s, wing
leading and I railing edges, ruddei-, eleva-
and vertical and horizontal stabili-
toi-s,

zers, and has loolcrl and produced most

of the same components for the Convair
990. Nashville’s produelion cutMibilily
bins been pioven through \ cars of exiieri-
ence in providing structures lo meet the
latest advances in today'.s aircraft.
For more information on Ihe Nashville
Division's capabilities in aircraft, mis-silc,
space vehicle, radar unci ground-support
structures, write General Marketing
Managcr-.Structurcs, Nashville Division,
Avco Corjioration. Nashville 1, Tcim.

reliable components for missiles / aircraft / support

 PUMPS

PUMPS-

makes the
ADEL RELIABILITY difference
Specialists since 1938 HYDRAULIC PNEUMATIC FUEL MECHANICAL
Missilry: 45 years ago, and today . .

dedicated to serving aviation in PACKAGED COMPONENTS SYSTEMS

There was a guided missile nearly a halt<eniury ago. It was In systems and components for missiles, too, Sperry has
design-engineering, research TURBO PROP AIRCRAFT
Sperry's Aerial Torpedo for the Navy— the world's first guided made major contributions. For the Army’s Nike Zeus - the
and development, qualification '
bOMMERClAl!^ND
ANI PRIVATE AIRCRAFT DRONES
and testing, and production MISSILES AND ROCKETS GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
missile. 4 feet in length, and with a range of SO miles at 90mph.
1 nation's only anti-missile missile system now in (he advanced
backed by rigid quality control.
Since then, a family of missiles and of missile guidance sys- development stage tor intercepting ICBMs— Sperry developed
tems of ever-increasing power— and "brainpower”— has evolved for Bell Laboratories and Western Electric extended range
at Sperry. Notable was the Navy's Sparrow I, the first opera- target tracking and discrimination radar transmitters. Other write today for
tional air-to-air missile. An outstanding
example today— when Sperry radar systems acquire, track and guide the Navy's complete specifications
operational-will be the Army’s Sergeant, for which Terrier and Talos missiles, providing precision fire control for PRECISION PRODUCTS
Sperry is prime contractor. A medium range, surfi missile cruisers, destroyers and carriers.
face, incrtially-guided ballistic missile. Sergeant has had a Sperry’s role in missilry is another example of the Company’s
brilliant record of successful test firings. Il is highly mobile integrated capabilities— capabilities that are contributing
reliabili'ty 10777 VANOWEN ST., BURBANK, CALIPOANIA
being designed
and easy to operate— approaching conventional artillery in importantly today in every major (healer of our environment.
ind maniifaelured.
speed of emplacement and displacement General Offices; Great Neck, N. Y.

23
 Hit the moving target sooner! Make the missiles fly faster. Increase payloads, increase range, decrease
CHARACTERtSTICS
compact torque limit actuator missile size! These urgent demands call for more push per pound of solid propeliant— and per dollar.

by Barber-Colman gives you an infinite a. » » And squeezing more and more energy out of fuels is a big part of our solid work at GCR. Recent example;
number of repeatable travel settings +« Nitroplastisol— new double-base composite-type propellant. Immediate application; Army's new Mauler
mobile ground-to-air missile. Future uses; high mass-ratio upper-stage motors, small ICBM, ejection motors,
This new Barber-Colman torque limit actuator eliminates positioning error from
rotary actuator applications. Travel is precisely controlled by external stops on
orbit and retro motors, and many more. GRAND CENTRAL ROCKET COMPANY REDLANDS, CALIFORNIA
your driven device .meets your exact position. This actuator provides auto-
. .

matic protection in the event of mechanical failure of your driven device by

stopping when the trip torque is reached. It can be designed for operation up
to 3 seconds per revolution. If desired, externally adjustable mechanical stops
can be provided without increase in package size. To obtain precisian and versa-
tility for your electromechanical actuator applications, write for your copy of

Bulletin F10470, or consult the Barber-Colman engineering sales olTice nearest

you: Baltimore, Boston, Dayton, Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Montreal, Now York,
Rockford, San Di^o, Seattle, Winter Park, Fla,

Barber-Colman Company BARBER

ROCK
OePT. O, 1422 STREET, ROCKFORD, ILUNOIS
COLMAN
AIRCRAfT AND MISSILE PRODUCTS: AIR VALVES. ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATORS.
TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEMS. POSITIONING SYSTEMS, SOLENOIDS. TRANSDUCERS
AND THERMOSTATS. SPECIAL GROUND TEST EQUIPMENT, POLYFORM ENCLOSURES
 *
What
Environmental
Simulation
Do You
Require?

At 4 times rated pressure we gave up

torturing this rugged Kellogg Hydraulic Pump*
At 12,000 psi our 100 HP drive could efficiency {over 95% at rated pres-
not stand the strain of torturing an sures). • Simplified design for maxi-
AP6V hydraulic pump designed to mum life, minimum maintenance. •

deliver 3000 psi at 3750 rpm. Static Highest HP/weight ratio. • Depend-
pressures up to 1 ,000 psi were applied able operation under rapid changes in
Thanks earth-bound testing,

CB-I
to Complete systems for pressure,
to the case without leakage or failure. acceleration, torque and thrust loads,
When we took the pump apart it was and at elevated oil temperatures. • man will soon enter outer space temperature and motion simula-
in perfect condition . . .every part Minimum size. • Exceptional con-
with a remarkably detailed under- tion can be provided.
structurally sound. tamination tolerance.
standing of the environment he To learn more about this service,
many
Structural ruggedness
features that
is one of
add up to greater
For greater reliability in hydraulic
components or systems, contact our
can provide it will encounter. backed by over 70 years of crafts-
hydraulic pumpdependability-Unique engineering representatives, Airsup- Whatever your requirements are manship in steel, get in touch with
design of the variable stroke Kellogg ply-Aero Engineering Company, Di-
pump also gives: vision of The Garrett Corporation. for environmental testing systems Chicago Bridge 8t Iron Company.
• Fast response. • High volumetric Offices in major and structures, CB&I 332
cities. is particu- S. Michigan Ave., Chicago 4,
larly well qualified to design and 111. Offices and subsidiaries in prin-
construct the facilities. cipal cities throughout the world.

I Br cike Shoe |
Serving leaden in the fields of Nuclear Poiver, Chemistry, Petroleum, Aerospace,
;ELL06G division • 3151 WEST FIFTH STREET • OXNARD, CALIF.
Cryogenics, Hydroelectric Power, and Municipal and Industrial Water Supply
26
NEW Self-Check Rate of Turn Gyro
Tells you “GOI” or “NO GO!” o_,.
intricateand
envelope requirements
demanding
Here is built-in reliability you can depend on. Just prior
to flight, when it really counts, you can determine whether is a problem that constantly
the new Honeywell Rate of Turn Gyroscope, Model JRS
Series, is functioning properly by just pressing a switch harasse.s ducting designers—
. . . Green light — “GO!” ... Red Ught — "NO GO!”
coming as it doe.s on top of such
It’s just that simple, In missile applications, it can be
even simpler, Manual “press-to-test” can be eliminated considerations as pressure, tem-
by programming an automatic gyro integrity check into
the countdown network.
perature, vibration, weight,

This new Honeywell Rate Gsno is designed expressly for

flight control and instrumentation in missiles and aircraft
where severe ambient conditions prevail and at the
. . .

same time where low threshold, minimum hysteresis,

excellent linearity, high natural frequency, high signaTto-
noise ratio, and ruggedness are essential.

Viscous damping is temperature compensated to maintain

a virtually constant damping ratio over the entire operat-
ing temperature range of — 65°Fto +160*F.

Honeywell inertial components and engineering experi- and flexibility. However, these
ence are available to assist in the solution of your gyro
problems can Ije solved for you
problems. Write for Bulletin JRS to Minneapolis-
Honeywell, Boston Division, Dept. 1400 Soldiers economically and expedi-
Field Road, Boston 35, Mass., or call your local Military
Products Group office. Sales and Service offices in all prin- tiously, if you utilize the readily
cipal cities of the world. available ducting engineering
service of your Flexonics repre-
Honeywell sentative. Then you will receive

reliable products designed spe-

cifically to your requirements,

because Flexonics techniques
permit the precision forming
of multi-plane assemblies and
constant-area section changes
to meet your most exacting
envelope limitations.
Mail the coupon today for your copy of
the big, instructive Flexonics catalog.
 PRECISION
PUMPS

When you
V IRTUALLY every Uniled Slates air-
craft. missile and satellite that
reaches out into sky and space does so
Supplying this market with such high-
precision, high-quantity components is
a demonstration of Kaiser Aluminum's
need forgings, be sure
obtain a bid from Kaiser Aluminum.
S»H0lie KOHS ai\« MIVERICK wsetlr tSe-TV H<»r
,

with the help of Kaiser Aluminum forg- ability . now and in the future ... to
. .

ings . .helping man fly higher and

.

faster than ever dreamed.

meet the growing needs of the aircraft
and missile industry.
PESCO PRODUCTS DIVISION
Kaiser Aluminum's Eric forging plant The size, shape, speed and destination
BORG-WARNER CORPORATION
is presently making hundreds of forged of our future sky travelers is unknown.
parts for today's aircraft, missiles and But it’s a good bet that if they're off the
satellites - . everything from directional
. ground . Kaiser Aluminum forgings
. .

fins to landing gears. will help put them there.

 "AEttOBALLISTIC

With the firing of this unique hypersonic

missile from Cape Canaveral in February 1959,
a new word was born. The word, AEROBALLISTIC,
was coined by McDonnell to describe the new
aerospace vehicle concepts demonstrated
by this firing. Level flight was achieved at over
Mach 5 within the atmosphere.

The principles proved by McDonnell’s Aeroballistic

missile are the first major breakthroughs in the
design of multi-mission spacecraft for
earth-to-space and space-to-earth transport of men
and payloads. Low lift-off weight, efficient orbital
configuration, low heat re-entry and precise
atmospheric maneuverability are provided in a
re-usable Aeroballistic vehicle. The Aeroballistic
space mission terminates \vith a
conventional runway landing.

MCDONNELL.

MISSILES
COMMUNICATIONS ASW jk
!iif and Induitrial Diiiiic
 HOFFMAN'S NEW TACAN
HRSf^ MEETACREr
^
> ffVK*
I
Hoffman, first to be selected by the Air
Force to produce major equipment
under Defense Department’s new
“AGREE” specifications (Advisory
Group on Reliability of Electronic
M
I^
hm
|
!I > WW
IS

700%. MTBF
v
I
pI IftllCII I I V
Lil I I
Heliability increased

from
life
17%
in excess of
to over 150 hours with a service
2000 hours.
raised

MORE PERFORMANCE-
Operating altitude raised from 48.5 lbs. com*
50.000 feet at half power to
70.000 feet at full power— with- pared to 611bs.
out pressurization. Number of
equipment missions increased I
WEIGHS LESS of predecessor
models.

Government officials estimate

savings on maintenance costs

ANU COSTS LESS

alone of the Hoffman-designed
AN/ARN-21C will amount to
over $125 million.

, . . and Polaris and Tafos and Atlas and Jupiter and Thor and Titan and Bomarc Hoffman it the only manufacturer now delivering airborne TACAS equipment in quaniitg to the Air Force.

and Zeus and Pershing and hundreds of other military and industrial applications. Experience gained in pioneering agree
Reliability for the Air Force ideally
qualifies Hoffman and its proven team
of designers and suppliers to solve your
electronic equipment reliability prob-
lems.
For TRUE RELiABiUTY— Turn to Hoffman

HdTman j ELECTRONI CS CORPORATION

Military Products Division
3740 S. 6rand Ave., Los Angeles 7, CsHf.

CCMMUNICiknOI I6N ; fl|),P »RVICES • COUKTERMEASuneS . SYSTEME HANAaEnCIiT

34 35
BEECH "IMAGINUITY” IN
OF RELEASE

I lAUNCHEO
MISSILE

QUICK OISCONNECr NOSE CC

FOR EASY ADAPTAeillTY TO
WIDE RANGE OF MISSIONS.
2.000 CU. IN. CAPACITY FOR
PAYLOAD AVAILABLE. THE COM PLETE LINE
MEETING THE REQUIREMENT
FOR A SUPERSONIC EXPENDABLE
OF INTERMEDIATE AND HIGH
TARGET SYSTEM, THE SEECH
XKD2B-1 (U. S. NAVY)
Q12 (AIR FORCE)
POWER SILICON
SIMULATES THE SPEED. ALTITUDE AN[
TARGET CHARACTERISTICS OF ENEMY
TRANSISTORS
AIRCRAFT, FOR REALISTIC TRAINING
OF AIR AND SURFACE DEFENSE TEAK
-
2N1069,70
2N1487,8,9,90

2N10SO 15 Watts
2N1049
2N1048 2N1466
LAUNCHING BY AIR. GROUND OR SURFACE UNITS.
2NU85
2N1047
2N14S4
2N1483
Beech XKD2B-1/Q12: Winner of NavylAir Force design competition .

Mach 2 target system for realistic training

born of Beech cryogenic + airframe experience

SILICON TRANSISTOR CORPORATION ALSO MANUFACTURES A COMPLETE LINE OF SILICON GLASS
know-how. With pre-programmed guidance system, DIODES INCLUDING JAN TYPES 1N4S7, 1N458. 1N4S9 AND SIG. C TYPES 1N643, 1N658, 1N661
Designed to simulate the speed, altitude and target its

characteristics of enemy aircraft, the Beech XKD2B-1/ it operates at altitudes from 1,000 to 70,000 feet and & 1N663. 1326

Q12 makes possible advanced at speeds up to Mach 2. Adaptable for use with Nike,

®
effective testing of FOR IMMEDIATE DEIIVKY, CONTACT THESE STC AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTORS:
—
weapons systems and provides realistic training at low Terrier and Tales launchers, the target system has Ala: MG Electrical Equipment Co., Birmingham. Calif: Brill Semiconductor Corp., Oakland; Hallvwoad Radio
—
cost of air, ground and fleet defense units. Into its promising potential for economical development as a Supply, Inc., Holiywooa; Peninsula Electronic Supply, Son Jose,- Shelly Radio Co.. Inc., Los Angeles; Wesco
Electronics, Posodeno; Shanks A Wright, Inc., Son Diego. Flo: Hammond Electronics, Inc., Orlando; Leader
BOOTH

development has gone more than 6 years of Beech ex- missile system. It can carry a substantial payload, to
Distributors, Inc., Tompo. Mass: Durrell Distributors, Inc.. Wolthom. Md: Volley Electronics, Inc.. Towson.
perience in cryogenics, plus over 27 years of airframe fulfill a wide range of future missions. New York: Arrow Electronics. Inc., Mineolo, L. 1.; Progress Electronics Co.. Inc., New York City; Summit IRE:

Distributors, Inc., Buffalo. Penna: Philodelphio Electronics, Inc., Philo. Yexas: Lenert Company, Houston;
Central Electronics, Dollas.

SILICON TRANSISTOR CORPORATION NifR 1 .

 HERE'S WHY HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS are saying .

Sanborn
CORNELIUS
has probably already designed \ BRINGS OUT THE BEST IN HYDRAULIC
“ " '
S PUMPS AND MOTORS /I
your custom X /7
I
"Building block" recorder and amplifier
design permits maximum flexibility to meet
oscillographic
specific application needs

recording system
950

20 lo 30% smalter site, 10 to 20% lighter weight - (heae are two good reasons why
Cornelius hydraulic pumps and motors are the new Standard of Performance. Investigate
further and you'll find more reasons why this is true. Super-hardened pistons; special hard-
ened steel cylinder block; new. jiatented constant velocity ball joint design; improved mechan-
ica! face seal and higher capacity bearings are reasons why these units deliver more horse-
power per pound than any other hydraulic units made. If .vou have a pump or motor applica-
I tion check the chart below. Ic licl|iv esplain why hydraulic engineers are specifying these units
and saying "Cornelius brings out the best in hydraulic pumps and motors."
CORNELIUS 31 il AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC MOTORS A D VOLUME PUMPS

saSirtEsa’itiLss:
jic

d^io^Sf

lt.fB-58
We call this new hydraulic design high energy/low friction because it delivers 92 to
93% efficiency at optimum speeds and pressures. All units are designed lo meet MIL. P-19692
(AER). MIL. P-7868, MIL. M-7997-A. MIL. P-5954 and MIL- P-5994. Cornelius units are
qualified for use in Type III (350' F.) Oronile. as well as Type I! MIL-5606 (275- F.) and
” e I (160* F.) Skydrol systems. Cornelius pumps and motors are used on B-52, B-58
i 707 a t. Other
V Cornell

8S0 950 systems.

For deUlled s
you all the facts about thes<
SenBorn sscillosnptiic recording systems also Include the tube-type PERSHING
1- to 8-channol

"650
"150" Senes with 12 plug-in pteampliliers! and the
I- to 24-ohannel optical oscilloeraph with response to 5 KC and
FOR MORE
8-channel amplifier available separately for driving any galvanometer.
For complete data contact one of the Sanborn Sales-fngineering repre- COMPANY/ AERO DIVISION
sentatives located in
Canada and foreign countries.
principal cities throughout the United States, INFORMATION
CUP AND
MAIL TODAY
3701-03-D5. I.R.F- SHOW. S K COLISEUM, MARCH 2G-23,

36
 . . .from anticipation to activation

AETRON . . .designer-builder of rocket,

missile and space facilities. AETRON.,

affording the ultimate integration of

architecture, engineering, and

instrumentation for the Space Age.

Unique among architect-engineer

organirations, AETRON’s capabilities

are augmented by the combined

scientific and engineering talent of

Aerojet's fifteen other divisions. In fields

ranging from reactors to rockets. The

result: faithful translation of theoretical

concepts to structural realities.

AETRON's client roster includes; all the

Armed Services, the AEC, the NASA,

This Size 8 Daystrom Transicoii Boeing, Convair, Douglas, Lockheed,
synchro provides temperature Martin, McDonnell, and other leading
stability without increasing
industrial organizations.
weight.

The encapsulated stator

iNTATTON
windings permit these units to be
operated under severe environ-
mental conditions. And, of great-
available as transmitters, differ- Transicoii makes a complete line
Covina, Californ
est importance, in random sam-
entials, control transformers and of precision rotating components.
pling of Daystrom Transicoii Size A Division of
resolvers. Standard accuracy is
8 synchros, error shift from room Daystrom International Di- AEROJET-GENERAL
±7 minutes, but 5-minute units Foreign:
temperature has not exceeded 2
are also available on special order.
vision, 100 Empire St., Newark 12, CORPORATION
minutes over the entire temper- New Jersey. In Conoda: Daystrom
Data sheets and prints on
ature range of — 55C to -I-125C.
the "temperature stable” Size 8
Ltd., 840 Caledonia Road, Toronto
19. Mid-West: Daystrom
Ontario.
Daystrom Transicoii Size 8 synchro are available on request. Incorporated, 905 W. Hillgrove Ave-
“temperature stable" units are And remember, too, Daystrom nue, La Grange, Illinois.

DAYSTROM , incorporated CONSTRUCTION WANAGEI

I TRANSICOII
District Offices; Washington • New York • Detroit • Dayton • Seattle • Huntsville Paris

41
40
 a message to men who are not alone in their thinking . . . Leonardo da Vinci, engineer,
XEROGRAPHY for engineering-drawing reproduction... scientist, theorist, was the victim of an age when three centuries had to pass before manyof his concepts
could be regenerated by other men of vision, g
Today's quick minds are the fortunate product of an era
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amply backstopped by research, development and manufacturing facilities, plus the experience required
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g Contact the Ex-Cell-0 Representative inyour area,
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Top-quality prints on ordinary paper. reduced or size for size . .

... at a fraction of your present cost

Thousands of the nation’s leading firms of A to Dsize. The larger drawings arc
have already standardized with XeroX^ perfectly reduced to I?' x 18" masters,
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:. Copyflo printers reduce, enlarge,
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The Sabreliner’s Silent

Model K740-4, for example, has been accepted by North American

Aviation as the engine mounting system for Its sleek new Sabrellner aircraft.
Constructed entirely of stainless steel and incorporating highly damped, dete-
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signed to make the Sabrellner the quietest, smoothest flying airplane of Its type. ...aviation’s standard ROHM e HAAS
Whal's your environmental control problem? Is It vibration, shock, exces- COMPANY
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I I

“WHERE THERE’S PROGRESS. THERE’S PLEXIGLAS”

 Fenwal and only Fenwal can olTer you an objective solu-

Why?
fire and overheat detection needs.
tion to your
. . because Fenwal
of all three types of aircraft
is the world's oniy manufacturer
and missile fire and overheat de-
How To Design High Performance
tection devices.
TRANSISTORIZED
—
By calling in a Fenwal engineer right at the design phase,
he will work with you in helping you to specify the right sys-
Voltage Regulator For DC REGULATOR
tem to meet your detection requirements . .

Suppose your requirements call for Unit Fire Detectors — NOMINAL CHARACTERISTICS:
No you can rely on Fenwal because there are more Fenwal Unit
Fire Detectors in fiight operation Chan any other unit detec-
tion system . .
Military Applications f Input -

Output
7S volts DC
- SO volts DC - 0 to 400 ma
Compromise! your requirementa call for a Continuous Fire Detection
If
System —
here too, Fenwal can fulfill your needs because
Output Impedance - less than 0,25 ohms
Operating Temperature - — 55°C to -i-125‘^C
Fenwal manufactures the only discrete sensing, non-averag-
ing type of continuous detection
Only Fenwal . .
REGULATION CHARACTERISTICS:
Surueillance? Only Fenwal can offer you a variety of sur-
Can Satisfy All veillance approaches, and recommend the one best for you.

It makes sense to talk to Fenwal first concerning fire and

Your Fire and Overheat overheat detection needs ... at the design phase. A Fenwal
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products. For information on how fast a Fenwal engineer
can help you . . . write Fenwal Incorporated, 123 Pleasant
St., Ashland, Massachusetts.

NOTE: All composition filed resistors ore Tl Mll-LINE procisien carbon film typos. RN6SB or IIN706

...with TI MIL -TYPE Semiconductors & Components

You can depend on your circuits to give the high performance/hlgh reliability /low maintenance
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exceed MIL-E-1/1258 ... resistors which meet or exceed MIL-R-10609C. Your TI sales

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lar military design requirements. Get your personal copies of TI Application Report, "DC
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lator Overload Protection” by writing on your company letterhead to Military Marketing, Dept.
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SEMI CONDUCTOR -COM PON ENTS DIVISION

TI MIL-TYPE semiconductors and components
are Immediately available '‘off-the-shelf from
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Tl's national distributor network.
4$
The United States Air Force Blue Scout Program provides the

Nation with a new and versatile low-cost family of test vehicles

to support our military weapons and space systems development

programs. It can be used in a variety of deep space probes, orbit

missions, boost glide trajectories, and as a rocket and satellite

command and control communications system. Blue Scout has

already fired a 32-pound scientific payload 16.000 miles into space

...and a 392-pound payload in a controlled trajectory 1400 miles

down the Atlantic Missile Range. Aeronutronic is systems engineer,

payload and test contractor on this important Air Force program.

Space-Age Project "HIGH-TEMP-LUBE"

seeking high-temperature iubricants

for advanced jets and missiies... discovering

new fiuids that operate up to 9007.
Monsanto has estaUisked a base of “knrm-how" in THERMAL STABILITY OF POLYPHENYL ETHERS VERSUS
OTHER SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS
a new area of syntkelic fbuds: the polyphenyl ethers,
fluids that exceed the high-temperature performaMe
Decomposition Useful Lite
of all other known lubricants and hydraulic fluids. Point, »f, 900* F.*
These newly synQiesiied liquids radiation
resist da^ Coir pau nil at

age, oxidation and chemical decomposition: as liqui^ 82> 25 hauls

they com a temperature range of 20° F. to 900” F m^Bls (m'pherioxypheniKy) benzeni 862 80 hauls
Polyphenyl ethers are the result of creative chemistry BIST) (m-ptienoxypheoojy) phenyl elher 832 20 houis
30 hauls
applied to the problem of high-temperature lubricants; 740 18 minutes
they were developed under contract and in cooperation n-Oclacosane 662 3 minutes
with 'Wright Air Developmertl Division, U. S. Air Force. Telfa<2.eth/lhexyl> silicate 14.4 seconds

Penlaeryllititol letrahexanoate 333 7.2 seconds

The heat subility of Monsanto’s polyphenyl 525 72 seconds
Bls(2-etnylhexyl] sebacate
ethers is the result of enlisting chemical know-
how on a problem of mechanical engineering.
By design, lubricants for jet engines {and liq-
uid fuel missiles) must lubricate and cool the Heat stability is one important facet of these
bearings and accessory drive gears. Existing new molecules. The polyphenyl ethers also
lubricants could not meet the requirements match the lubricity and viscosity indexes of
of advanced engine design. other good lubricants and possess better
So the logical step was a hydrolytic stability. They are two to five
Monsanto expedition into times more stable than most other synthetic
little-known fields of chem- fluids under nuclear radiation.
istry. A team of Monsanto
.ieientiata found and devel-
THE PROPERTIES OF THE MOLECULES
MlYPHiKn. £IWB
oped the polyphenyl ethers: The unsubstituted polyphenyl ethers have
the general molecular structure:
positions of matter.

In comparison with other

synthetics, these lubricants
0-o-(Oo)-„0
are as thermally stable at
840° F., as ere silicones and The "n” values range from 1 to 8, each
petroleum hydrocarbons at with linkages in various combinations of the
740° F., and present com- ortho, meta and paro positions. The various
mercial diesters at 540“ P. isomeric polyphenyl ethers are all good lubri-
Their useful temperature cants: they show heat stability within a
1(0 0 lOO 300
range exceeds all other narrow range (the 7-ring ether decomposes
fluids by 100° to 400° F. only 20* F. higher than the 4-ring ether; a
5-ring appears to have the optimum thermal
Their chemical stability, physical properties, stability).
and lubricity recommend them for a host of
other fluid applications: "hot” hydraulic sys- Varying the chain length does not materially
tems base stocks for high-temperature and/or
;
affect lubricity or heat stability — as chain
radiation-resistant greases; and heat-trans- length increases so does pourpoint, and, con-
fer fluids.
versely, volatility decreases. A
7-ring meta
ether boils at 1150° F., has a pourpoint of
Until development of the polyphenyl ethers, 70° P. Chemically “tailoring” and blending
the calculated* useful life of the 6es( synthetic can provide optimum lubricant properties.
lubricant was a scant 18 minutes at 900° F.
Presently used synthetic lubricants would be While the properties of these fiuids may solve
effective for only 6 seconds to 3 minutes at many nee^, the chemical expedition which
this temperature. Polyphenyl ethers, how- found them set out to answer the specific
ever, would have useful lives of SO-SO hours problem of advanced turbojet engine and ac-
at 900° P. cessory lubrication. Turbine bearings, sur-
rounded by hot gases, must be kept clean,
cool and smooth-spinning. (Pleas* t»m pa^e.)
 A NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT FROM BARDEN

SYNTHETIC FLUIDS FOR

SPACE-AGE ENGINEERING PERFORMING
WELL
Monsanto has had 15 years' experience in
the development of synthetic fluids and
lubricants; currently markets over 20 fluids
with applications that range from electronic
coolant-dielectrics to fire-resistant hydraulic

IN A
fluids for jets and radiation-resistant fluids
for nuclear power plants.
Test parts for evaluating thermal and oxidative stability
rig
and lubrication properties of |et engine lubricants show how If you require a fluid or lubricant for special
a polyphenyl ether (left) leaves the rig parts clean, tree of use in an application of high stress, contact
deposits and genera) condition of parts using one of the
best synthetic lubricants prior to development of polyphenyl
ethers. Both tests were run ate bearing temperature ol 500°
F. for 100 hours at a speed of 10,000 RPM.
Monsanto. The material you need may be
readily available or within “easy chemical
reach.’’ Write or call: MONSANTO Chemical
Company, Department AV-2, C Building,
St. Louia 66, Missouri.
HOT SPOT
As every parent knows, small boys have an amazing capacity to perform well in heat
Between Mach 3 and Mach 4, the skin temperature of craft
in sustained flight at 40,000 feet can rise to 900° F-, the
Monsanto Space-Age that would fell the average adult. In much the same way, BarTemp* ball bearings operate
temperature where steel glows red. In the lubricant reservoir, Projects for Government effectively up to 575° F., permitting synchros, fans, control motors and other lightly
the polyphenyl ethers withstand this stress. Consequently,
for speed brakes, hydraulic controls, fuel pumps and other and Industry loaded devices to perform at higher temperatures than ever before.
internal moving parts, polyphenyl ethers can cope with the
“heat barrier” to provide reliable performance. * High-Temperature HyCraullc Fluids

Monsanto’s polyphenyl ethers are a new link in the design K Coolant-Dielectrics for Electronic Equipment NEW DESIGN DEVELOPMENTS
chain leading to advanced engines and weapons systems * High-Temperature Plastics T)vo design innovations made BarTemp
with a minimum of "compromise” for lubricant and hy- possible— a Barden-developed heal treatment
* Improved Nitrogen Oxidizers for Solid
draulic fluid limitations. In present systems just “getting
Propellants
for stainless steel used for the bearing rings, and
by” with marginal performance of earlier lubricants, the a netv retainer that serves as a dry lubricant
polyphenyl ethers can provide greater reliability. * Fire-Resistant Structural Plastics
and a ball se|)arator. The BarTemp retainer,
* Hydrocarbon Fuels for Jets and Missiles reinforced Teflon com|>ounded with a solid
* Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluids for Ground- lubricant, is the sole lubrication required. As
Support and Missile-Launching Equipment the bearing rotates, tlie balls transfer microscopic
Radiation-Resistant Heat-Transfer Fluids particles of the lubricant to the raceways.

High-Temperature Lubricants and Additives

TEST RESULTS
Moderators
In tests by more than 20 piccision bcai ing users,
Intermetalllc Semiconductor Materials BarTemp bearings in synchros, control
Pure Silicon for Transistors, Rectifiers, Diodes moioi s. blowers, piessure switches, tacliometer
generators and otiier lightly loaded devices
Ultra-Fine Metal Oxides
liave r>])erat«l from 1000 to 24,000 RPM
and at
leiii|)eiatures Irom — 100°F. to 575°F.
Typicii! life exteetls 1,000 liouis.

Inorganic Polymers
PROTOTYPES AVAILABLE
: High-Energy Solid Propellants
Prototype quantities of seven BarTemiJ sizes
from .3125" to .7874" O.D. are immediately
available in angular contact types, open or
shielded. For further data and detailed test
results, ask for BarTemp Data Sheet B-1.

Barden is a major supplier of miniaiure. insirumenl, spindle end turbine bearings volume-produced to C 7 tolerances or better

for retfabilily. . . specify

BARDEN 3 PRECISION BALL BEARINGS

You
2/our
are invited lo work with Aloneanlo on
maleriak needs in the above fields.

I Tl-IE BAROEN CORPORATION. 202 t

 ff the day has arrived
when we have seen our
pioneer concepts in EBW
accepted as the best approach
to missile ordnance. Our
continuing leadership in the
EBW field now rests on providing
the industry not merely with
advanced components...
but complete systems built
upon the base of our unequaled
knowledge and experience
in the EBW fieid. 99

Douglas refined 40 years of experience

into versatile Navy Skyhawk
The new Douglas A4D-5 Skyhawk —a powerful ace-of-all-
trades for the Navy — is the result of the same imaginative
engineering that has brought Douglas to the forefront in EBW was developed at Librascope/ Sunnyvale by combining modern elec-
commercial aviation and the push into outer space. tronic technology with the physics and chemistry of explosive
MISSILE PROJECT MANAGERS:
have proven EBW's immunity to premature initiation from stockpile to

DOUGLAS
DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT CO.. SANTA MONICA, CALIF. MAKERS OF MISSILE
•

AND SPACE SySTEMS • MIUTART AIRCRAFT • DC-8 JETLINERS • TRANSPORT

AIRCRAFT • AIRCOMBO • GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT • ASW DEVICES
A note to Librascope/Sunnyvale, 670 Arques Avenue, Sunnyvale.
target.
wiD put you in direct contact with the country's leading
California,
team devoted exclusively to EBW systems.
scientific
If you are not famitiar witA the latest
developments in the use of Ezpiodinp
Bridgewire techniques as a replaes-
ment for sgitiha, detonators,
other ordnance functions, writs for
Technical Bulletin SS.
and
 'VISUAL ENGAGEMENT INOICATOtl

.TORQUE-ABSOXeiNG FERRULE'

KOME* CONTACTS'

INSPECTION HOLE'

POSITIVE CONTACT RETENTION I

CLOSED ENTRY SOCKET CONTACTS!

MIL-C-26500 (USAF)
• Performance not affected by maximum operating temperature life of

AMPHENOL
•
800 hours at 200°C (392°F), simultaneously conducting current on all
contacts.

Performance not affected by Thermal shock of 260°C (500°F)

(-67»F).
to -55°C
any day .
is the right day

to order your Timken* 52100 steel tubing, and within 24 hours of receiving
48 SERIES CONNECTORS • Supports 1500 volts RMS at high altitudes (Sea level to 350,000 feet)
mated.
fully
your order it will be on its way. To give you this fast service on less than mill
TO MIL-C-26500 • Altitude immersion resistant after 10 contact removal and insertion

provide you with these cycles on all contacts. (Maintains 5000 megohms I.R. after three alti- quantities, we stock 101 sizes-from 1" O.D. to lOJ^" O.D.-in a new, modern
tude cycles.)
performance features: • Environmental and electrical integrity maintained during and after
is
warehouse. And the same fast service is available on 50 sizes of 4620 tubing.
vibration, 0 to 2000 CPS, 15 g’s during exposure to 20O“C and -55°C.
You can save time and money by remembering that 90% of all your structural

P/us Outstanding Design Features for data parts can be made from one or the other of these

two steel analyses. The Timken Roller Bearing

Company, Steel and Tube Division, Canton 6, Ohio.

TIMKEN'
AMPHENOL CONNECTOR DIVISION Cable: "Timrosco”. Makers of Tapered Roller fine
1830 S. 54TH AVE. • CHICAGO 50. ILLINOIS
Amohenol-Borg Electronics Corporation Bearings, Fine Alloy Steel and Removable Rock Bits. rOlMjLih
Alloy y
 Constructive discontent at Ampex.
- . . has been setting instrumentation standards for years

RCA AIRBORNE SINGLE SIDEBAND

“Everything —
Ampex recorders stand for service, quality, “And we were even constructively discontented with the way Performance proven in Operation "Deep Freeze"
reliability, technological leadership —
stems from this atti- we made these advanced recorders available to you. Now,
Ampex instrumentation recorders can be leased or purchased
RCA's single sideband modification of the 618S-1 high
on lime as well as outright. You can free working capital for
"The first commercial 'live-quality' audio recorder was de- frequency communication equipment has demonstrated
other projects, and invest in your Ampex data recorder as it
veloped by Ampex because of the disc record’s fidelity draw- proven capability under actual Right operations during
works tor you.”
backs. Discontent with the capabilities of all data recorders Operation ''DEEP FREEZE," now being conducted
using visual traces spurred Ampex 's evolution of special pur- jointlyby the U. S. Navy and U. S. Air Force, with the
pose magnetic tape data recorders. Frequency limitations
support of MATS.
bothered us, so we gave you the 4-megacycle FR-700.
The RCA concept of modifying proven, existing equip-
“A need for compact equipment with high performance
ments, such as the AN/ARC-66, has resulted in the most
caused us to introduce the CP-100 — a transistorized 200 kc
economical approach to the utilization of single sideband
14-track data recorder less than 7 cu. ft small. Striving for Far funner MemetUsn on the SieS-t/MC, AH/Anc-3IA. end ether
versatility and high efficiency, we perfected the FR-600; it
performance capabilities. The 618S-I/MC and AN/ARC-
records 500 kc at 120 ips — double the previous standard, 38A SSB modifications are the latest additions to the
but still fully compatible. family of RCA Communications Equipments now pro-
viding extra capability to meet present and future mili-
tary and civil operational communications requirements.

Several thousand RCA Airborne Single Sideband Equip-

AMPEX INSTRUMENTATION PRODUCTS COMPANY ments are now in flight operation.

Box 5000, Redwood City, Calilornia

It's the point where men will first meet in mensity of space, there are no landmarks, tion and propulsion; in-space rescue, Northrop equipment and techniques will

space. It could be any point. The big prob- and a miss may be your last chance. repair and refueling; space medicine and make the task simpler and safer.
men human
lem is getting two there at the
moment. How do you do it when they’re
same Northrop scientists and engineers are
already attacking some of the complexities
engineering for crew survival; and
re-entry and recovery systems to bring NORAIR
A DIVISION OF
18,000 miles an hour and mov-
orbiting at
ing through three dimensions? in the im-
of this problem such as rendezvous trajec-
tories, spacecraft maneuverability, naviga-
astronauts safely back to earth.
When men finally move out into space, NORTHROP
PROVEN “==
CAPABILITY

If it’s a military ground handling problem,

Fruehauf can handle it!
The capability to handle the many and varied problems that
arise in the design and construction of space age ground
—
handling equipment requires experience proven Fruehauf
experience!
Fruehauf's capabilities have been demonstrated over a
Brunswick Pioneers Applied Research and
number of yeare on an almost staggering number and variety
of ground handling projects, ranging from new concepts in Development in Non-Mctallics for Aero/Space
launching mechanisms to nuclear reactor transporters.
Whether your problem he one of available in the polyester, ceramic, structural requirements, insulative
Whatever your ground handling problem may be, it will pay design for space age needs of pres- phenol-silane and silicone fields. structures, heat shields, airvanes or
you to take advantage of the proven capability of Fruehauf ent or future; whether it be one for Coupled with this research and underwater structures, Brunswick's
America's most trusted and experienced designer and devel- missile, mobile forces or under- development capability is superior capability-plus for applied research
oper of precision space-age ground handling equipment. water application; or whether it knowledgeability and experience in and development in non-metallics
Phone or write Fruehauf representative to give you
for a be one of fabrication know-how, diverse manufacturing techniques affords you the best solutions.
complete details ... or write for fast facts on available you can look with confidence to ranging from conventional hand Inierested engineers will find it
PRODUCES RESULTS! Brunswick for the key to the solu- lay-up to the more sophisticated rewarding to discuss career futures
facilities.
tionif not the ultimate answer. types of filament winding. with Brunswick, Write or call
Consider epoxy resin VC-8359, If your need is high temperature Brunswick Corporation, Defense
developed by Brunswick for designs radomes for missiles, rocket motor Products Division, 1700 Messier
requiring superior performance in cases with demanding heat and Muskegon, Michigan.
Street,
the area of modulus and high tem-
perature durability for continuous
I MAKES YOUR IDEAS tVORK —
usage. VC-8359 made practical one ^
of the first all-plastic wings for a
supersonic missile. This outstand-
ing material know-how is also iDlUinAWLCk
62
Look to

FAFNIR
for leadership in
ball bearings

eat is your problem . .

‘freeze” under prolonged high heat. When they

e drops off . . . costs rise . . . and the heat’s
wer? Fafnir Ball Bearings engineered for high
vice. For instance, in the X-15 manned rocket,
the hundreds at critical points. So, when you’re
. .or any bearing problem
. look to Fafnir
. . .

, the capacity, the research to find your answer,

aring Company, New Britain, Connecticut.

The key to peace lies in the nation’s deterrent power . . .

the building and maintaining of the military strength req-

uisite to preclude enemy aggression here or abroad. Today,
Aeronca's DEFENSE PRODUCTS is making GROUP
significant contributions to the nation’s readiness, deliver-
ing systems and subsystems to meet the sophisticated
requirements for advanced air weapon, astronautic and
ground support equipment To produce complete systems
packages, Aeronca’s Scientists team with competent Proj-
ect Engineers to evaluate and analyze mission profile re-
quirements interpret abstract concepts
. . . develop . . .

and produce operational systems. And Aeronca offers

performance-proven systems management with integrated
laboratories and facilities to assure Quick Reacffon Capa-
bility

. . .
expedite projects from the theoretical-problem
. . .

stage through the production of actual working hardware

reliable and on-scbedule!
ROMOA
BALL BEARI NGS manufacturing corporation
iru Oermincown Rd., Middletown. 0.

PUNTS AND UBORATORIES FROM COAST TO COAST. AEROSPACE DIV., BALTIMORE, UD.; MIDDLETOWN DIV., MIDDLETOWN, OHIQi AEROCAL DIV., TORRANCE. CALIFORNIA.
 • CONTENTS

Aviation Week
Volume 74
Number If
nnd Spate Tethnology
TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL INVENTORY OF AEROSPACE POWER

• AEROSPACE FORECAST U. 5. Space Veliirles and Rockets 189

U. S. Civil and Military Transports. 191
lliiilpel ShiflA May .Spur .\crospui-F Sales. . (ill
i:. S. Gas Turbine Engines 192
U. S. STOL and VTOL Aircraft 191
• AEROSPACE PROCUREMENT, RESEARCH FUNDS 70 U. S. Civil and .Military Rotary-Wing. ... 193
U. S. Personal anti Riisiness Aireraft 197
SPACE SLEUTH, 2500 MILES UP! Leading Foreign Gas Turbines 198
• MILITARY. . .71
0. S. Reriprocatiiig Engines 201
The further we advance into space, the more U5AF Seeks 73
Coniliat Role in Space Foreign Rotarv-Wing Aircraft 203
vital becomes detailed analysis of the spatial Navy Riiildi) Polaris, Jcl 78
Support Forcpn ... U.S,S.R. Military and Civil Aircraft 20.3
environment. A prime capability of Aerolab is the pro- Army Renews 82
Drive for Zeus .Anli-HTIM ... Leading Foreign .Aircraft Military and Civil .206
duction of low-cost, advanced space probes like the famed
NATO Divided on Weapons, National Roles 89
Sino-Soviel Threat Grows 92 R&D Costs Temper Financial Outlook. . . .213
ARGO D-8 rockets used in NASA's Project NERV. These multi-

stage vehicles are the first to measure the nuclear radiation in the
• SPACE TECHNOLOGY 105 • AVIONICS 323
Van Allen Belts and to determine its effects upon living organisms.
Russia Four-Year Spai-e l.cad. .107
Still IIul<[.>< .Avionics CompetitiveSqueeze Tighicus. .227 . .

A subsidiary of Ryan Aeronautical Company, Aerolab’s science-

Services Vie for Larger Space Role I l.> EAA Prepares to Test Modernized ATC 229
engineering team has complete capabilities for the design and Rooslcr Liinilations Delay L'. 5. lu Spare. 118 . Mirroelectronic Research EITorl Grows .... 239
development of specialized space probes — including vehicle,

instrumentation payload, recovery and • MISSILES 173 • HELICOPTERS 247

data analysis. Working closely with NASA,
Scrvifc Use Modifies Missile Concepts 12.’>
Missions Evpaiid for Vertical ITighi 219
the Armed Forces and industry leaders,
Economic Prolilems Color Missile Future. . I3.>
Aerolab continues to achieve breakthroughs
many areas of space technology. Aerolab
• BUSINESS FLYING. . .257
irt
• AIR TRANSPORT M3
Development Company, Pasadena, California, Business Flying Keels Recession Pinch 259
Costs. Jet Coinpctiliou Squeeze Trunks. .l-to Europe to Compete fnr Liglilpitme Sales. .263
subsidiary of Ryan Aeronautical Company. . .

U, 5. Traffic Share Continues to Decline, .l.il

Local Carriers Win New Subsidy Forimilii 135 . .

U. S. Aircraft in Air Transporlatiou 160 • FOREIGN .271

Trunk, All-Cargo Line Showdown Looms. 163 .

Britain Eyes Competitive Project Cuts. . . .273

THE PROBLEM SOLVERS Ryan Aerolab Offers Challenging Opportunities to Engineers Federal .Airport Fund Outlook ln)|irovc< 169
, . .
. .

Frcncli Score in DrBc to Widrn Market. . .280

Equipment Problems Slow Aeroflot (iains. . 173 Italy Benefits in F-IOT. G.9I Program 286
World .Airlines Feel Full Jet Impact 178 JaiKinese Await F-lfll Start 288
Becession Spurs Canadian Defense Debate. .289
• SPECIFICATIONS. .181 Germans W eld Multi-Nation Defense Team 293 .

East Europe Pushes Aircraft Exports 293

U. S. Military Aircraft 183

RYAN U. S. Missile.^
U. S.-U.S..S.R.Salcllile> and Space IVohes. .187
18.3
• NEWS OF THE WEEK .303

• COVER:
AEROLAB AVIATION WEEK, 13. 1961
USAF-Loekhecd Midas Reeonnaissaiiee Salrllilr
 FORECAST
Aviation Week
..d Space Technology

Kennedy Budget Shifts May Accelerate Slight Rise in Aerospace Sales

Aitii<|>iii'c iii<i(i'(r\ <'eui ex|ii>cl a slighlly through booster rocket sale.s to foreign countries fouiulalioii for the industry than is eiirrenllv hi below the I960 record S2fi0-million mark. Busi-
rising cnrve in gi-oss siilrs lo nruriy SIS l)il- joining the NASA internalional cooperation pro- sight. ness flying aircraft manufacturers are aiiliei|ial-
lion (hiring 1961. wilh the possihilily uf a gram and for the commercial communications \\ itii the hulk of its market controlled by go\- ing a general luisincss ii]>liini in the summer that
sliur]>er rise in the Iasi half hased on nioiler- satellite systems. ernnient agencies, the aerospace industry still they hope will reduce their iuveiilori<‘s. piled
alely increased military hndgets anticipated .Aircraft mamifaclurers can look forward to faces a number of iitisohed problems that liave up during the final quarter of |96l) and the early
when ihe Kennedy Adininisiralion snbinils initiation ofsome key programs that should lay eomhiiied in recent years lo force a drii'lieall> months of 1961.
its nniendinenis lo the Fiscal 1962 lindget fouudalions for major hii.'incss during the next narrowing profit margin in the face of increased Service bases for the executive plane fleet arc
requests sent Ui Congress Iasi January by the five years and counter llie trend of recent vears sah>s. These include i.unitive administration of experiencing a definite increase in fuel and main-
oiilgoing Eisenhouer Adininisiralion. when almost all new program' invoKec! missiles renegolialioii laws, a growing demand from the letianee sale.s as a result of an inereasingly high
Alllioiigli llic new shape of llie Kennedy Fis- or spare projects. These include the I’SAF governineiil llull industry finaiiee a larger iiorlion utilization rate of the I S. business aircTafl fleet.
.

cal 1962 Imdgcis for aerospace acthitics prole SS-176L tiirliofaii cargo irausport. developed of its rese.ireii and development activity and :t New executive models in the gas turbine-powered
alily will not be clearly visible until mid-April jointly lo meet both military and commcreial re- general failure of gmeniment proeuremeiit class are under development by a variety of iiiaiiii-
or early May. llie anticipated changes will most (piiremenls: the tri-serviee VTOl. transport pro- pidieies and procedures to he modernized to fit fiielurers. with some appearing in the 1961 sales
likely add about S2 billion lo the Fiscal 1962 gram: the STOL tactical fighter program, and the the technologies with wliicli they are now re- volume.
biidgel of the Eisenhower Administration with — l.OH helicopter program. quired to eop(\ Primary problems of the aerospace industry
major emphasis on project changes rather than Missile market will broaden lo ineludc a new Air traiisiiorl industry i.« facing a lough year for 1961 and the ensuing years will he largely
on a large total dollar increase. generation of solid fueled, exlremelv mobile as it fights to develop irallie increases recpiired dependeiil on the hasir |iolieies formulated by
The Fiscal 1962 Imdgct suhniilted in January K^BMs and IRBMs incorporating basic propul- to (ill the increasing rows of seats in its burgeon- Ihe new Admiiiislralimi of President John F-
already showed trends toward the modest in- sion.guidance and warhead slate of the art ad- iiig jet transport fleet. Airline seat eapaeitv will Kemiedv in its first six months of office. Some
creases in the aerospace budget that are likely vances over the Polaris and Miniiteman types. inerease by 2.3', during 1961. while the tralli- of these policies will have little effect on the 1961
lo continue during the next few vears despite Emphasis on quantities of rocket hoo.slers and increase is forecast for only I',. Initial public hiisiiiess picture heraiise of the lead lime in trans-
contimied efforts lo seek adequate methods of payloads lo establish and maintain operational enthusiasm for the turbojet transport has not yet lating decisions into federal appropriations and
arms control with the Soviet Union. The original
budget expenditure plans give a general indi-
—
space systems for both military and eivil use been translated into the sigiiifieant scale of broad- couiraets with industry. However, the basic poli-
such as reeonnaissanec. elcetroiiie inlelligenee. ened market that the new ci|uipnienl requires emerge in the spring and
cies that are eerliiiii to
cation of how the aerospace market will develop communications, weather reporting and precise for |irofilahle operations. growth during
Tralfie slimmer provide the clues as lo what shape
will
for 1961. They ineliide:
• .S.5.9 billion for military uircrafl. split
navigation aids —
will make possible much larger I960 was only I',, eonipared with an annual the aerospace industry can he expected to take
into prodiietion runs in this field than have been possi- growth rate averaging about 14'. during the during the next four years.
S4.1 billion for the .Air Force; $1.7 billion for ble during the early development pliases and the previniis five years, indientiilg serious problem' Ill addition lo these judicy influences, there
the Navy, and Sl.i6 million for the Army. This initial limited deployment of Allas and Titan. in solving the ovc'reaparity problem created by are strong indications that the requirements of
ineliides engines, airborne avionic systems and Ill addition, a .substantial developmeiil require-
the advent of the jet transport in fleeivvide qiiaii- the c(dd war are likely lo increase, with tension
ground support equipment. ment is anticipated for the extremely large spare lilies. areas ranging from logistic support of United
• .¥4 billion for missiles, split into
$.3 billion boosters required for the next generation of space
More airline mergers are in prospect as a Nations operations in the Congo lo brush fire war
for the Air Foree; $.300 million for the Navy, and vehicles. partial solution lo this problem, hut Civil Aero- in Laos. Any .strain of this sort, parlieularly
$.>00 inillion for the Army. This includes rocket .Avionics riding the crest of a fantastic
is still
nautics Board policy will he carefully lailorcii simultaneous crises in widely sejiarated parts of
engines, guidance packages, automatic checkoni wave of technological developments and an in- to avoid elimination of eonipetilion on s]H‘rific the globe, are likely to force an inerease in eapa-
equipment and other ground support equipment, ereasing share of the total aerospace market. But route patterns. hililv in kev military areas beyond anything
hill not missile base eonstrnelion. it is beginning to feel an eronomie pinch from the
Basic modernization of the air Iraflie control enrreiillv eoiilemplaled.
• S1..T billion for space rcseareb and
de- shift lo fewer hut more eoniplex and demanding formulaic a policy
system lo provide regularity of service and in- Vnielher the U. S. will
volopmeni, with $829 million for NASA out of weapon systems that have .shorter prodiietion
its total creased operational capacity is the biggest hurdle aimed at establishing clear inlernalional siipreni-
$1.1 billion budget request and about runs and from increasing competition as former
facing the air transport industry and the Federal aev in sjiare terhiiology is aiiolher .'ignifieani
5700 million for USAF. Navy and Army activi- eu.stoiiiers in the airframe industry have plunged
ties from the total $1 billion military research Aviation .Agency in generating additional traffic. question that the Kennedy .Administration has
into avioiiie.s and former eomponeiit manufactur-
and development budget request. Business flying will level off during 1961 from not yet answered. This year will require an ex-
ers. spurred by solid slate developments, have
Commercial a\iation sales inoluding jet traits- Itirned toward .systems development. The tide it post-war peak sales of 1960, with the impact of tremely close watch by the aerospace industry on
ports, exeeiilivc aircraft, heliropters and their of basically new technical developments in the the eronomie reee.=sion, exerting a dampening the newly hatching poliries of the Kennedy Ad-
related equijimenl .should top 82 billion for the ministration. as to their intent and next as
avionics field i.s still running so high that it is effect on its domestic markets, countered by a first
second eoiiseeiilive year, with the beginnings of a diffieiilt lo forecast at this time just where it will .30'^ broadening of its export market. Retail lo their scope.
small commercial market appearing in space stabilize and provide a more profitable eronomie Robert Hniz.
values of factory deliveries will probably slide

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1941 AVIATION WEEK, 3, 5961

 aiLUON DOLLARS

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I_1 \ ^ ^ ^

EXPENDITURES
 BOEING B-52 WITH DOUGLAS SKYBOIT MISSILES

Air Force Pushes Shift to Missiles, Spaee

By {.am’ Buoda airborne alert for S.AC licasy bombers.
So far, only token funds base Ikcu
,\ir Force, a|grcssivcly pursuing a course designed to cany it from tlie pros ided for preparing for siicli an alert.

manned aircraft era tliiough ballistic missiles to an assured military mission An actual alert would wear out aircraft
and require training, extra crews and
in space, is har ing to cope with a nniltiplicitv of problems stemming from the
maintenance to such an extent that
shifting weapon system emphasis. Air Force has not been able to justify
^Vhile the strategic mission is undergoing rapid cliange, advancing tech- the costs. The move
is intended as a

nology is forcing reluctant air supremacy advocates within the service to leas’C stopgap during the so-called missile
tlrcir familiar element and contend with the strange new world of missiles. gap period. Howcscr. the Eisenhower
Administration denied any missile gap
And in tliis period of transition, US,\F is liaving to look forward to the still
and based its polics' on nscr-all “dctcr-
more imusual proposals aimed at fulfiiliiig a military mission in space. Al-
OUR BEST CREDENTIALS . . . are found in performance-proved though limited by current policy dircctircs to defensive niQitary development Thc polics- of the Kennedy Adminis-
CECO products like the fuelpumps on North American’s for space, the .Air Force Air Research and I5evclopmcnt Command has plans tration is still being formed.
Hound Dog missile and on Boeing’s B-52G "missile for developing retaliatory satellite and other systems, • Improve penetration cajjability for
platform" bomber. nuis the .Air Korce, which h.is en- results of heasy expenditures arc seen
S.AC Iwmbcrs. Russia apparently has
couraged the use of "aen)s|)acc" in onlv hv those who Use close to air embarked on a crash program to proside
In addition. Chandler Evans’ fuel controls and engine all descriptions of its aclinties and both supersonic fighter and surface-to-
control systems have been in widespread service, air missile protection against manned
plans, is trsing to take care of the Potent opposition from groups op-
almost since the inception of the modern turbojet. present and the near futore. while at posed to anv asc of nnek-ar ss-c-apons aircraft. The Air ^nrcc says the ausss'cr
lies ill the standoff missile. The air
(he same time assuring its continued also must be contended with.
This is the background of experience upon which existence in thi nation's defense • Enhance the aircraft-borne nuclear breathing Hound Dog missile is in
operation, and it is to he folloss’cd by
we have drawn— over the past several years— in our picture in the late 19(i0s and the 1970-. deterrent poss-er. US.Al'' has continued
the Skvbolt air-launched ballistic
work with hot gas components and reaction control Will) US.Al- already conmianding to press hard for money to finance an
missile.
of the federal budget, it holds
systems for missiles and spacecraft. Skvbolt is designed as a penetration
little hope of inacasing its slice. In
aid for B-52 bombers beginning in the
We would welcome the opportunity of reviewing your liold its own now and to assure its
Air Force Active Aircraft
1964-65 period. It has licaime contro-
HOT GAS REACTION CONTROL SYSTEM requirements future, its arguments witliin tlie
Inventory scrsial because some elements within
Defense Department and the Admini-
the Force believe surface-to-surfacc
.Air
stration. and to Congress and the public (End of Fiscal A’car)
ballistic missiles will have been im-
include these key facets; 1958 22,578
CHANDLER EVANS CORPORATION • WEST HARTFORD I, CONNECTICUT • Continue emphasis on the strategic 1959 20.890
pmi ed and produced in sufficient qmin-
must tity bv that time to eliminate the need
deterrent posture. Air Force 1960 18,712
for manned bombers for the initial
contend here «ith the problem that 1961 16,941*
strike mission. Diplomatic repcrais-
has existed since the formation of the 1962 16.080*
sions developed because Great Britain
Strategic .Air Command— the task of 'Phmncd
is depending on Sksbnlt as a
pcnctra-
selling protection svhen the concrete

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961

« USAF • USAF
• All-out l^ht to sell the Air Force con-
cept of missile defense. Tliis includes
fighting the Army’s Nike Zeus anti-
missile missile system, now in the
development stage, live Air Force con-
cept involves intercepting enemy mis-
siles in their powered phase by use of
satelliteswhich would detect missiles
after they rose above the cloud layer
and then fire anti-ICBM missiles to in-
tercept and destroy them. The Armv
contends that its Nike Zeus could,
with funding for concurrent produc-
tion, be ready by 1963. However. Army
claims that a satellite intercept system
would not be readv until sometime in
the 1970s.
At stake are long.rangc funds. Air
Force feels that, if a commitment is

made to one system, its satellite con-

cept has lesschance to be funded for
rapid development. Navy also is in the
icture with its “space mine" or Early
fpring concept. Itie Early Spring con.
cept would have a vertical iprobe ex-
plode a cloud of shot in the -path of a
satellite.
• lArive to have all military space acHvi-
lies placed under control of the Air

I' orre. .An order signed by fornver Sec-

retary of Defense 'Dromas S. Gates last
fall, which placed all space tracking and

detection under the Continental Air

Command-North American Defense
Command was a step.
Yet to be resolved is the question
whether the Air I'otce alone will guide
the entire military space effort or
tion aid for its Vulcan lieavv bomber whether a joint command will be
and the Eisenhower Budget for Fiscal formed (seep. 115). With the respon-
Air Force Aircraft on Order Fiscal 1961 1962 provided no new funding for sibility for developing several satellites
AlRCRAPr TYPK POPULAR NAME MANUFACTURl'.K Shybolt. Fiscal 1961 funds were spread and for developing and launching
B-52H Bocmg riser two years, with assurance that the
B-S8 IIusHci Convair jirograni will he continued. But it still
K-105D Thmidercliicf Republic hangs in the balance, awaiting the Ken-
C-BOB, C-BOE Hncuin Lockheed nedy reappraisal of the defense posture.
KC-B5 Boeing • Retain manned capability in the aero-

Boeing space weapons mix. Air Force is

T-37 .
Cessna strongh' supporting continued des'clop-
T-?8 .
Northrop ment of the Mach 3 North American
T-39 . Sabiclinc North American B-70 bomber as a successor to the B-52.
T-40 .
letShir Lockheed Ihe D\n.i-Soat hypersonic glider is in
1I-3-4B Hutkic Kamnn the design stage as a research vehicle,
but it also holds promise as the basis
for a future weapon system, and ARDC
Air Force Missiles on Order Fiscal 1961 is studying manned space vehicle con-
MISSION MANUFACTURER cepts more advanced than Dyna-Soar.
ICBM • Press for n|)eratinnal status as soon as
ICBM Convfir possible for a sufficient number of in-
ICBM Martin tercontinental hallisHc missiles. Defini-
Space Bnrutei Douglas tion of a “sufficient” number of missiles
Hound Dog . Air-to-Siirface North American isa matter of controversy within the
Quail Air-to-Surhice McDonnell Defense Department, with the Naw
BuIIpup . . Air-to-Sncftice raising the strongest objection to the
Snrfaceto-Suiface Martin -Air I'oreephilosophy of having enough
Surrace-to-AiT Br^ing residual power to survive an initial at-
b.icV and strike a counterbiovv, Navv
Phileo* iugumcnt.s center around the “finite
Douglas deterrent" philosophy, which says that
enough power to destroy Ru.ssia is suf-
"Purchased through Navy
ficient and that any ovetkiH" capabil-
ity is surplus.

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961
 • USAF
change orders which stymie final de- i.s being prepared bv the Air Force for pay based on the amount of time served
signs and delay base work. a follow-on to the Republic l'’-105 and as a pilot,then gradually reduced over
The missile on which the Air Force other aircraft. I'hc Army and Navy a period of years. This will be viewed
pins its greatest hopes is the .solid- have been consulted for their views on with skepticism by Congress, which
fueled. three-stage Miiiuteman. Bv vir- requirements. Determination of re- seems to side with the non-living
tue of being solid-fueled, it can be quirements is due to be completed this officersof the three serv ices, wlio in the
stored over a long period of time and mouth, and a contract is to be awarded missile age would serve beside rated
be kept at the ready with less compli- later this year after contractor proposals pilots for less pay.
cation. Minutenian will be fired from have been received.
silos and will also be dcpioveel on rail-
road cars for mobilih'. Increased Airlift
One Minuteman has been fired dowm In tlic area of air transport, tlic
the .Atlantic Missile Range. ’Ilic Air Air Force lias found immediate support
Force admittcdlv taking a gamble in
is in the Kennedy Administration, Ac-
committing bases to construction while celerated and increased orders for
the missile is only entering its test pro- turboprop Lockliced C-1 30 transports
gram. Plans call for 1.000 Minuteman and a new order for C-I35 Boeing
missiles to be deployed eventually. Its transports have been announced. Army
load carrying ability is less than that is solidly behind moves to strengthen
of Atlas and Titan, but it is still in the both tactical and strategic airlift
multi-megaton nuclear yield raiigc- capabilities.
Disposition of Atlas and Titan after Accompanving this atmosphere of
Minuteman becomes operational is still
transition are personnel changes and
an unanswered question. Atlas will unrest. The shifts brought bv advanc-
probably be phased out first, but Titan ing tcchnologv' have had a marked
will stay for some time because of its effect on officers who felt thev had
greater yield warhead, which can be careers established as pilots aiid ait
used for area targets. Yet
tacticians. their di-stiny now is

Joint Targeting Plan tied to a gradual reduction in aircraft

as missiles enter the nuclear deterrent
With the Navy's Polaris entering
picture.
operational service last former
fall,
Some have made the effort to
Defense Secretary Tliomas Gates
S.
broaden their educational base to in-
established a joint targeting group
clude facets of missile and space
under Strategic Air Command Com- techiiologv'. but many otlicrs arc finding
mander Gen. Thomas S. Power at themselves moving out of the USAF
SAC headquarters in Omaha. W'ith
mainstream and stagnating in pools
Sac targeting officers wearing two hats,
where thev perform minor, if im|)or-
the Navy members felt there was an hint, administrative and support func-
inflexible, antagonistic system in oper-
ation regarding Navy capabilities in Thc outlook of the enlisted man is
delivering weapons. brighter. lu his spccialtv, with addi-
With orders to deliver a unified
tional schooling provided' for him, he
targeting Gen. Power sent the
plan, can shift his teclinical skills to meet
controversial document to the foint the changes. Tlic younger enlisted men
Chiefs of Staff, where it cncomitercd find thcin.sclvcs in the position of
the objections of the Navy. TTie con- anticip,iting the 20-yr. retirement of
troversy was recently resolved, with thousands of sergeants in the vears
the Navy satisfied with the outcome. from IQfil to IQ65. opening advancc-
In the area of air support
tactical nient opportunities in all specialties.
boosters, the Air Force lias the inside .Atlas is in operational status at Van- sile is integrally stiffened. Titan I is
for ground troops, the Army has been •Hie mid-career officer is not in so
track for tliis role. clenbiirg .AFB, Calif, and W'arrcn ,AFB. designed to he stored in underground dissatisfied with the Air Force philos- favorable a position, however. AA'ith
Air Force has encountered serious Wyo. Ithas been plagued with diffi- silos and hoisted to the surface for
opliv of placing principal dependence the period or Air Force ex]ransion and
problems over the past year as it has culties. howo’ct- Unlike the successful firing. Storabie-fueled Titan II is de-
on nuclear weapons for use in limited rapid promotion now large\v past, the
attempted to get its IC6Ms into ini- shots down the Atlantic Missile Range, signed for firing from the silo.
conflicts. The Annv- is gradnallv enter- scn'icc finds itself with a larKr group
tial operation. The problems arose those fired to Waopiwctok Atol os'cr Both Atlas and Titan ha\e been
ing the area of close air .support with of colonels, manv of whom have held
both from construction of bases and in the Pacific Mi.ssilc Range has’e been plagued with dekus in base construc-
helicopters and may eventnally inherit their current rant for three quarters of
training USAF crews to maintain and fa: from successful. Its contribution of tion. When the programs first got iiti- the fixed-wing role. their careers. They cannot be forced to
l.inneh the missiles. initialoperational Atlases to the na- detway. the construction te.S|)on.sibilih'
Policy on limited conflicts is being retire at 20 yr. as arc enlisted men.
I'irst went into the liquid-
effort tion’s nuclear deterrent posture has was assigned to regional offices of thv
reviewed bv the Kennedv .Administra- Tliis has led to a stagnation of pro-
fueled Atlas, whoso prime contractor is been debatable. .Ann\''s Corps of Kiigineers, \Micn dif-
tion, Tlicrc are that less
indications motion in the lower ranlrs which dam-
the Com-air Division of General Dy- ficulties determining requirements
in
Silo Storage dependence will be placed on nuclear ages morale. Also. Congress is con-
namics Corp, It was the first large were encountered and labor union jur-
weapons in limited war situations. This timiing pressure against proficicnev
U. S. booster capable of launching a Later Atlases will be stored in silos isdictional disputes erupted, the Corps
has raised violent objections within the flying pav for those rated officers who
larger warhead over intercontinental instead of on the surface and will be of Engineers effort ssas consolidated m Air Force. Secretarv of State Dean no longer have a combat living
ranges and of launching a relatiiclv raised to the surface fur firing. Inertial one office in Los Angeles adjacent to
heavy space payload. As a result, it has guidance will be substituted for current the of USAF Rusk was reported recently to be potentiah In 1060, the Air Force askc3
offices Ballistic Missile
urging strengthened conventional war tor legislation to provide for continued
found a variety of uses in addition to radio command guidance. Dis'ision. sshicli manages the missile
With capability. North .Atlantic Treats' extra piy for offia'rs relieved of flying
its military nuclear role. it. a llic second latge-payload, liquid- programs.
sarioty of nose cones were tested for fueled ICBM be deielopcd is the
to Troubles continue to plague the pro- Organization nations are concerned status- 'Tliis proposal received no sup-
their re-entry qualities, and command Nfartin Titan. Unlike the .Atlas, which grams, however. Production and con- over possible diminution of U. S. sup- port in Congress and was dropped. CONVAIR ATLAS E made a 7.001) mi.

and inertial guidance systems depends on internal pressurization for port for conflicts on their soil. Another proposal, being offered this flight on Feb. 2*1 with a Gciicml Electric
hai’e struction work concurrent with devel-
been tested. structural stiffness, this two-stage mis- opment has resulted in a flood of A new fighter-bomber competition year, would provide for proportional Mark 3 iiusc cone.

AVIATION WEEK, Mor«h AVIATION VVEEK, 13, 1961

13, 1967
• NAVY • NAVY

NORTH AMERICAN A3J-1 VIGILANTE

make tliesc tlircc aircraft the go into production next vear.

Polaris Force
will will

Navy Prunes Other Programs to Expand eventual backbone of the carrier attack
aircraftmix, Anotlicr aircraft wliich is
Meet ait defense systems under de-
lelopmcnt arc the Eagle-Missileer and
still being produa'd is the Chance Typnon systems. The Missileer aircraft
Washington— Two snbmarim ?s on station at the beginning of 1961,
Polaris Today’s mix of forces in the Nary Supply forces, mcrhaul actii'itics
Vought F8U-2N. also an all-svcather would he sidisonic. lieaiy load carrying
and Marine Corps is about the same and transportation facilities have had
each carrying 16 fleet ballistic missiles, were symbols of the Navy’s new role fighter. Its top speed is just under type, capable of loitering about 200
as it has been since the Korean con- to shoulder a hcasicr load due to the
as part of the strategic missile deterre nl force of the United States. Mach 2. mi. from the fleet. The Eagle missiles
'I'hc one outstanding change is increased alert.
flict. .Aiding in the aerial defense of the would lime an air-to-air intercept and
As a measure of the importance tl .le Kennedy Administration places in the Polaris submarine force wliicli is h'or attack missions, the Navv is fleet is the currently produced Grum- killrange of 200 mi.
the Polaris system, the President last month ordered accelerated placement an entity of its own and has little to leaning heasily on aircraft now and
man twin-engine early-warning
\\’F-2 Currenth the Eagle development is
of orders for five of the nuclear-powci ed submarines. A total of 19 now contribute limited war unless its
to will continue to do so in the future,
is plane which will be succeeded Ik the funded for both fiscal vears 1961 and
targets are those which would furnish lire supersonic North .\nicric-.m
either in commission or on order. i tiirhopro]) powered \\'2I''
'
1962. but the Missileer 1961 funds
opposition to conventional forces. ATJ-I is capable of dcHscry of megaton
The ad\’cnt of Polaris lias had its and the breakup of the summit con-
Just how long this mix will remain weapons, but its use in small conflicts
effect on strategic targeting. Former ference. The alert consisted of adding
as it is willdcpcird on how long sliips is limited.
President Eisenhower set up a joint one attack carrier to tlie Sixth Fleet
and aircraft can be made to operate As a result, the ptonrrcmeiit of this Navy Aircraft on Order Fiscal 1961
targeting agency under Gen. Thomas fn the Mediterranean, and the equii-a-
before wearing out. Rcpl.nccmcnt type of aircraft for carrier use iias been r TYPE P01>l'I.AR NAME MANTJFAt
S. Power. coiiimancIcT of the Strategic lenl of half a carrier to the Seventh
Air Comiiiaiid- An internal controversy plans for attack carriers hare run into the subject of internal Naw contro-
I''lcet in the Pacific.
stiff opposition in Congress. Since versy. Opponents maintain that the
in the agency came before the Joint Normal carrier deployments to these
Chiefs of Staff in fanuarv and was winning their fight for a cons'cntionalK- Navy should not invade the mission .\2F-1
operational areas arc for six months on . .

rwered carrier for this fiscal year, area of the Str.itcgic Air Coiiiniand. A4D-2N Douglas
tesoh'cd there by giving Polari.s greater station with two or three weeks in .

weight in targeting, Slaw had transit each nay added to the time.
Sa\-y friends in Congress base said hut should limit its capabilities to air- A4D-5 ... Douglas
that a wait of at least one year will be craft capable of both conventional and North
objectod that insufficient importance With an authorized number of 14
necessary before asking for another. nuclear we.ipon dcUven'. designed
"•as given Polaris in target assignments. attack carriers, the Navy was faced with
mainlv for use in small war situations.
adjusting its schedules for maintenance Marine Alert
Other Program Cuts
and tr.iining. Partlv to offset the im- Shift to Jets
The internal adjustment of the Na\-v pact. one older attack carrier nus
The Marine Corps is also affected

to the shift of construction

by the alert. Since 1948 the Sixth For dose support and interdiction
funds has delayed in its conversion to an anti-
not been without pain. Other ship submarine carrier.
I'leet has carried a mobile force of missions nhen troops .ire engaged Navy Missiles on Order Fiscal 1961
programs have had to be cut to pro- about 1.800 Marine troops. With the ashore, the Navy is rapidh' shifting
Financially, the Nai’v will probpblv
vide the approximately SlOO million increased alert last summer, this plan from the old propcller-dtiien Dougla.s
gain relief for tlie increased alert by
required for each Polaris submarine. a supplemental funds request sub- was implemented for the Seventh AD series to the A4D scries. A sub-

No other major ship procurmnent is Fleet also. This is in addition to the stantial portion of this single place, Sparrow
mitted to Congress in fanuan. How- III .

scheduled for the next fiscal \-car, al- Marine lliitd Division on Okinawa. single turhojet engine aircraft purchase Sidewinder
ever, pcRonnel problems will multiply .

though some conversions arc planned. Because of greater cost and com- will be the A4D-2N all-wcatlier attack Bullpup .... Air-to-Gcouiid
because of the increased time career
So stringent have been the cuts in plexity. the number
of aircraft in the version. Follow on to the .\4D is the Surlacc.to-Air
personnel will hat e to spend away from
some programs that overhaul and Nas'v ins'cntorv lias steadily declined Grumman A2F twin turbojet pl.me, Surfacc-to.Air
over the last five vears of level funding. capable of losv altitude penetration. Suifacc-to-Ait
maintenance of ships and aircraft has Essentially, the increased alert is in
Aiding this trend also has been statu- For air defense and close sup|Jort
attack aircraft, which ate capable of
tory limitation of funds for oierhaul work, the Naw is leaning licasilv on
Adding to the Naiy's budget squeeze both strategic strikes with nuclear and maintenance. Many aircraft have the McDonnell F4II all-wwther twin-
is tlic continuance of an alert ordered weapons and support of ground troops been presened and stored that still jet Mach 2.?5 aircraft. Continued
last summer after the U-2 incident in limited war actions. have a useful life of two years or more. purchases uf tlie .\4D. A21' and l''4ll

AVIATION WEEK, J, 1961 AVIATION WEEK. 13, 1961

• NAVY
have been stretched over two years. destroyers and cruisers have gone a
The Typhoii system involves sur- step further in having plans tor the Navy Active Aircraft
face-to-air missiles fired from ships. nuclear-powered cruiser Long Beach Inventory
I'hcy will be a mix of short-, niedium- altered so that the ship can carry
iind long-range missiles. Currently Polaris missiles. (End of Fiscal Year)

being installed on ships arc tlic Terrier. Fighter aircr.ift depend on the heat-
Tartar and Talos missiles. In the near seeking Sidewinder and the radar-
future the Super Talos. with a range homing Sparrow III air-to-air missiles.
Ilf 200 mi., will make its appearance. Sidewinder, which is being further de-
Closely titx! into these svstems is veloped with radar all-weather features,
the Naval Tactical Data System is ill production in Germany for use

'N'TDS) and its iiir counterpart the with N'.ATO forces. For close support
.Air T'actiral Data Svstcni (ATDS). work the Bullpup aiT-to-surface missile is

in quantify production for both the wing aircraft and helicopters. Only de-
DOD Skepticism Navy and the .Air I'otcc. A second partures in aircraft procurement for
Unit two sudi complex svstems sour« for production of the missile is flic Marines ate in assault transport
which include complete computer tie- being sought with a decision due to be helicopters, ob.scrvation helicopters and
ms .should be committed to fleet defense made next month. fixed-wing tanker aircr.ift.
is questioned by Defense Department All carrier combat aircraft cun read- Marine battlefield missiles ate the
iifhcials. As a result the Navy has lutd ily be adapted to fire rockets and mis- same as those of the Army and arc GRUMMAN A2F-1 INTRUDER
to hedge and avoid all-oiit concentra- siles and carrv high ex|)losive or nuclear procured through the Army.
tion on one svstem or the other. It vvarlicad weapons. the kill range considerably. Designed velopment work on the A2, 1,500-mi. the Navy's only active space program.
IS also a matter of internal Navy dis-
Intelligence Estimates for launrhiiig fniin helicopters and version is well under way .A further By 1962 planned to have the svs-
Marine Corps aircraft capabilities arc . it is

sension. .Air proponents point out that the same as the Navy's. Pilot tactics With rciised intelligence estimates fixed-wing aircraft, the vveapnii reduces approach is being pushed in the A5. tem operational. Ships at sfti will be
their system includes shore attack and tr.iining is about the same but puts that the Russians svill have 18 missile- the accuracy needed in locating a siib- 2.500-nii. version. Improvements in able to detennine their positions down
troop support capabilities, broadening greater emphasis on close support and carrying submarines in 1965, the Nasv ni.irinc- Lulu
presents a jirohlcm in solid propulsion mixes coupled with to one tenth of a mile.
its scope. interdiction work with the added mis- will be faced with increasing its anti- making inandatorv that the kmnehing
it lighter weight missile componeiits will Other approaches being taken bv the
Proponents of placing missiles aboard sion of surveillance from small fixed- submarine effort aircraft clear the immedlite area before make the iniprovemeiits possible. Navy regard to space include a sin-
in

In air AS\V, there will be con- it is triggered bet-aiise the explosion The Navy 's space prograni is a modest gle pass recomiai.ssana’ satellite which
tinued procurement of the Grumman would endanger the aircr.ift. Dclav one, and even that is under attack as a could complete its mission before being
S2F-3 twin-engiue carrier hunter-killer mechanisms have been developed to off- diversion of effort for defense purposes. trackcxl and destroyed, and a vertical

aircraft, the Sikorsky HSS-IN all-

set this clanger. TTic greatest Navy eontribution is the probe tyjic of anti-satellite weapon
weather helicopter, and. for the first
Pacific Missile Range, which it operates which would not have to track a satel-
Additionol Approach for the use of all government agencies,
time, the IISS-2. twin-turbine helicop- lite in order to intercept it.

ter. For land based operations the .Anolber ajiproach to delivering Lulu •About S90 million per year goes into Tile weapon would explode in a satel-
Lockheed P5V. an ASW
version of tlic i.s the utilization of an unmiimicd heli- its operation. lite's path and would leave a cloud
Electra, turboprop commercial airliner, copter. The Oroiic .Anti-submarine Heli- The Transit navigation satellite is of buckshot for the satellite to run into.
will enter tlie fleet next year. Produc- copter (DASH) is designed to be op-
tion of the piston engine P2V will con-
erated from platforms on small ships
of the destroyer and destroyer escort
Proposals have been made to the classes. In pressing an attack with
Navy to develop smaller twin-turbo- D.ASI! there need be no concern ,ibout
prop aircraft for the land-based .AS\V damage or destruction of the aircraft, so

role. No decision has been reached. no dclav mechanisms arc necessary for
Anti-submarine warfare ties together
many diverse elements of the Navy. For evaluation purposes the Navy is
Fixed bottom post listening and other purchasing 10 DSN-5 drone helicopters
long-distance sound detection svstems from the Gvrodvne Co. Nonpilot
will be used to notify- ships arid air- officers aboard destroyers have already
craftof fcncra! areas to search. kiinied to operate the aircraft.
submarines will help guard fleet units. In operating inanncxl helieopteis car-
But for final pinpointing, the dipping rying dip|)ing sonar rigs, the Navy has
sonar carried by helicopters and sono- had to overcome difficulties ])rescnted
buoys dropped by patrol aircraft, both bv having to hover over the water at
land-based and carricr-based, are used. altitudes of 25-50 ft. Davtiiiic hover-
ing can be accomplished by visual
Available Weapons methods. Nevertheless, the maneuver
Once contact has been established requires full-time attention of one pilot
with a submarine there arc several with both hands occupied. Doing the
sophisticated weapons available now job nianuallv at night, without special
that were not yet developed in World equipment, is not possible.

War II. The homing torpedo has been Sixorsky Aircraft developed auto-
refined to a point where it is the stand- matic hover svstems originally in the
ard attack weapons for both ships and HSS-IN. In the larger, twin-turbine
aircraft. 'Fliesc torpedos. or underwater powered IISS-2. automatic stabilization
missiles, home acoustically and destroy equipineiil and autoniatic hover equip-
the submarine with liigh explosive vvar- ment will be .standard items. Pilots will
have to monitor the operation only,
The most potent weapon against .and will he able to concentrate on the

now in tlic Navy's

submarines inven- interception and kill operation.
tory was announced last year. It is
With the A1 version of the Polaris
Lulu, 3 nuclear weapon which extends ballistic missile now operational, de- GRUMMAN W2F-1 HAWKEYE

AVIATION WEEK, March 13, 1P<51 AVIATION WEEK. Marc

• ARMY ARMY

Army Renews Drive for Zeus Anti-ICBM Production

W'ashington— Rcnewi'd coiitro\'cnv over Hit Nike Zciis anti-missile missile, are that it will gain impetus from the than any other service. It has also in-
for wiiicli top Array officials liavc been urging commitment to production of Kciinedv .Administnttion. One order the vcstig.itcd more apprixiches to
President has already given has in- than anv other service,
long lead time components, usiicrcd the Army into 1961.
Crmuid
creased USAF’s strategic troop airlift transportation will remain
Opposition, principally from within the research and engineering organi- a basic part of the Army some time
capability by 53 aircraft. 30 of them for
zation of the Dqiartment of Defense, has insisted that the worth of Zeus jet aircraft and 23 of them hirboprop to come. By 1965 it is the hope of
be prosed before any production decision is made. I'he reasoning of this (AW Feb. 13, p, 30). planners to have a large enough
Another exception to the 5,000-lb. strategic airlift available to carry large
no start should be made on a multi-billion dollar program until
groii]) is that
weight rule is the de Havilland AC-1 numbers of troops and equipment am-
there is no doubt remaining as to technical feasibility and necessity.
assault transport. In the STOL cate- vvhere in the world in a snort period
llic Armv, on tlie other lumd. savs Anny aircraft in 1957. has been a of time, A\'iicn the troops are in the
gory, the aircraft is designed to cany
that breakthroughs ha\e been made in source of irritation, principally because
theater of action, the prefetred method
20-25 combat equipped troops into and
detection and ability to intercept in- Anny m iators feel that no other sers icc of transporting troops will be by heli-
out of small, rough fields (A\A’ Jan. 23,
coming ballistic missiles, and that even is interestedtnoogh in the short take- copter or STOL aircraft. Tliis is the
p. 56). A total of 51 of these airaaft
diseriiiiination against decoys is pos- off and landing (STOL) type of aircraft Anny version of the Marine
arc either on order or have been pur- "vertical
sible. Nike Zeus testing against Atlas to aggrcssiscly dcs’clop larger cargo and envelopment" concept.
chased.
ICBMs will get under way in the assault tr.insport types.
Army aviation differs from the avia-
Pacifie Missile Range late this year. In the icrtical takeoff (VTOL) field, Combat Function
tion of the Air Force and the Navy in
the Armv is actir cly supporting the tri- On the battlefield, reconnaissance
USAF Concept service VTOL
project Feb. 27. p. (AW tliat it is an integral part of the Army's
combat team. Army pilots arc combat helicopters will test enemy
potential
Nike Zeus is the only anti-ICBM 35). It is also investigating other ap-
and strength by actual
officers first and pilots second. This with guns,
fire
system close to becoming operational, proaches to the problem of operating
rockets and missiles.
docs not mean that they arc not pro- contracted to
.As
the .Army claims. Air Torcc studies arc from unprepared fields under adverse
close support .lircraft. these helicopters
ficient in the techniques of piloting,
for a system which would perforin the conditions. will fly "in the nap of the earth," at
but their outlook and skills combine to
inlerceptioii in the powered phase after The most significant change which or below tree-top level, shooting froni
make them part of a mobile team.
a missile rises abose the clond laser, will take place in the Army aiiation hovering positions close to cover. Thus
'lliis ssould be accomplished by a satel- inventory will be the aircraft used for Extensive Studies aerial combat reconnaissance will com-
lite interceptor. Army officials say thes' observation missions. To date, and for bine all the functions of a conventional
•Air mobility, in practice, is still in its
base no quarrel with such but
a system, about two years to come, the missions cavalry with an air-to-ground and a
tlics- say that it vears awav, Nike hmc been performed by small fixed- infiincy. Many different avenues of
is ground-to-ground fighting capability.
transporting the individual fighting
Zeus, they contend, could become «ing aircraft- These are to be phased Tests performed at the .Atmv Avia-
opcratmaal in a relatively short time. out as helicopters are procured in in-
man or teams of men are being in-
tion Board, Ft. Rucker. .Ala., have
the controverscy centers creasing nuinoers.
vestigated. llie Army has sponsored
Basically, shown tliat an armed helicopter is an
competition observa- more studies on one-man helicopters
around which service will be the re- .A for a light efficient combat weapon system.
cipient of a large segment of the fluids tion helicopter is eurrcntlv in progress. Nunittoiis combinations have been
set aside for missile defense in tlic next It is planned to buy 3,50(5 of tWse air- tried, including firing missiles such as
fise years. craft to pcrforiri the observation mis- Army Active Aircraft the Nord SS-11 from (he ground and
Fiscal year 1961 saw significant in the air to targets within line of
made Army A For suneillance, the Army obfH'ned
Inventory
strides in aviation. deci- sight and even over hills. Eventually
sion of the Secretary of Defense per- an exception to the weight limitation. (End of Fiscal Year) it is intended to design a helicopter and

mitted the Armv for the 6rst time to Tlic result is the Grumman AO-1 1958 5,027 its weapons as one svstcin.
procure major aviation items instead Mohawk, a twin-tiirboinop aircraft 1959 5,199 W’hat can be e.xpected in the future
of Inn ing to depend on the Air F'orcc which «i!l carry side looking radar for 1960 5.493 in Annv Aviation stems from the .Armv
and Nasy. Tlic Anny wants to deiclop battleground information gathering 1961 5,657* Requirehnents Review Board-tlic so-
its own in-house capability along these purposes. 1962 5,736* called Rogers Board— named for its
lines. (AM' Feb. 20, p. Si'). Although the Army’s Strategic Army •Plan chairman Lt. Ceii. Gordon B. Rogers,
A limitation of 5,060 !b., imposed on Corps concept is not new, indications
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961
 which completed its studies last year.
Objectives the Army hopes to fui-
EII:

• Each disision to have the capability

I UAP Tubular Fuel Heaters are incorpo- of moving at least a company of in-
I rated on various models of Lockheed’s
fantry by its organic airlift.
I 4-engine, prop-jet Hercules. The C-130 • Each division and each cavalry
I is used by the U. S. Air Force, Coast squadron to have an organic aerial rc-
I Guard, Marines and Navy for such ver-
I satlle duties as troop, cargo and missile • Aerial siin’ciltancc to match Erepower
I transport; air photography and chart- at each cchelon.
• Rapid reduction of variety of aircraft
I ing; drone launching;; air search and
types to simplify spare parts inven-
I
rescue: and inflight refueling.

UAP FUEL HEATERS I

The compact UAP heaters prevent
mation of ice in low pressure engine
for-
• Purchase
the Sikorsky
of flying
S-64,
cranes,
a
such as
twin-turbine
I powered helicopter.
fuel systems, by utilizing heat from • Increased logistic capabilities. Tlicse
I engine lubricating oi). Ah automatic can be met with the AC-1 Caribou
PREVENT ICING IN modulating temperature control valve
by-passes oil as required to maintain
and the YHC-IB Chinook, a twin tur-
bine tandem rotor helicopter built by
fuel temperatures within a,40’ 70 ° F. Vertoi-
range. Maximum fuel' pressure drop
Army Aviation
LOCKHEED HERCULES through the combination heater, valve
and integral filter is only 1 psi at take- Army aviation got its start in 19-12

off fuel flows. Unit is stainless steel,

when authority was granted for the
ground divisions to operate organic
tobular construction. UAP also makes
aircraft. Few pilots elected to remain
tubular type. Compressor Bleed Air in the Army wlicn the Army Ait 1‘otces
Fuel Heaters and Fuel Oil Coolers. svas formed and later when the Air
I’'orce was formed .is a separate serv-
For specific information, call or write ice. As a result, few senior officers of
UNITED AIRCRAFT PRODUCTS. INC., the Army arc pilots.
1116 Bolander Avenue,-, Dayton, Ohio. Greatest growth for Armv As'iation
has come since 1954. On' June 50.
1960. the airaaft imentorv was 5.49’.
lil. 'S. Navy Lockheed C-130BL Hercu- Estimates for June 30. 1961. and June
30. 1962. arc 5,637 and 3,736, rcspcc-
lee, world’s largest ski plane,. operates
tivelv. 'Iliis growth in the number of
'in mlnus-60-degr« weather dri Antarc- aircraft is in contrast to tlic Air I'orcc
tic Ice Cap.'.,
and the Na\-v n-liosc inventories liasc
been steadily declining.
In rotan'-wing aircraft, tlie .^rmv li.is

become tlie l.irgcst operator, with a

tot.ll almost equal to all other U. S.
military and coinmctcial operators put
together. Ihe helicopter inventory on
June 30, 1960. was 2.633. On June
30, 1961, estimated number will be
2.774 and on June 30, 1962, 2,841.
Three separate missions are pre-
scribed for .\tmv aircraft- First is the
observation mission, second the suneil- Army Aircraft on Order Fiscal 1961
lance mission, and third the transport AIRCRAFT TYPE POPULAR NAME MANUFACTURER
mission. Grumman
AC-1 Assoult Transport . .
r nplkr.,. OeHavilland
Things to Come HU-1 Utility Helicopter.. .. Bell
The sliape of tilings to come can HC-1 Tronsport H^icopter. Chinook Vertol
be predicted, using current state of the
art as a guideline. Iloncvcr. for the
1960-1970 decade a profound change Army Mtssik-’s on O'He 1962
could be ivronght if a breakthrough in MISSILE MISSION MANUFACTURER
V/STOL ichicies occurred. For in- Sergeant Surface-to-Surface Sperry
stance,the ground effects machine Emerson Electric-Douglas
(GENI) could well prove to be efficient Little John Surfoce-to-Surfoce
\ehicle for Armv needs. Martin
TItcre couldbe some radical
also Surface-lo-Air Raytheon
new system
propulsion developed Davy Crockett . Surfoce-to-Surface
wliich, combined with new materials Nike Hercules Surface-lo-Air Douglas
for weight reduction, would produce SS-10 Air-Io-Surface Nord
a m.ichine capable of maneuveting Surface-to-Air Convair
easily and rapidiv in the tree top Pershing Surloce-to-Surface Mortin
regions. However, the Army docs not

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961

 • ARMY
want highly sopliisticatcd and con-
scqui'iith ciptiishe systans. What it
needs is a large quantity of currently
available tchiaes which can be pro-
duced iiicxptiisivclv.
Inthe missile field, the Army has
separately organized surface-to-surface
missile battalions. The Martin Persh-
ing is a solid propellant tactical missile
which reaches out far enough to per-
form interdiction missions and hit

Sperry's Sergeant perfonns a similar

mission but Sergeant has a shorter

Substantial proenrement will con-

tiinic for these two mi.ssiles and the
nunrbet of units operating them will
increase next fiscal vear.

Air Defense
In the area of air defense the next
fiscal year will see the last anti-aircraft
gun battalion disappear, \ complete
.switch to surface-to-air missiles will
hare been made.
NiliC .Ajax hattalions. now in com-
mission, will begin to switch to the
longer range Nike Ilcrcnies which i.s also
capable of carrying a nuclcar-wathcad.
Nike .Ajax equipment will be trans-
ferred to the National Guard. I'or low
level anti-aircraft defense the Hawk
missile will be piocured in increasing

The most radical departure in

tactical missiles will come in Davy

...onguard with Crockett, a battlefield

nuclear capability. Tliis missile, about
i-ft. long and with a bulbous warhead
weapon with

MISSILE MASTER nose which is of larger diameter than

the rocket case, can be fired 2.5 mi.
It can cairv a comciitioiial high ex-
losive as well as a nuclear warhead.
Ac U.S, Anny Missile Master anti-aircraft installations near ? ield of the latter can be as high as
Pittsburgh, Chicago and Los Angeles, standby power Is 20 kilotons,
supplied by 8-cylinder, supercharged Model 65 White Superior Maintenance and overhaul of Anny Gallery Chemical Company — the originator of boron fuels from test tube
engines.
at 600
The 12 engines (4 at each site) develop 1415 BHP
RPM to drive 1000 KW generators. The engine-generators
aircraft
in-house
will continue to be a mix of
capability and contractor
to tonnage production — continues to pioneer new avenues of research and
development in Ihe high-energy field. Teams of scientists at our Gallery,
produce precise frequency to operate radai^, communication fumi.shcd sendees.
and data transmission links, visual display consoles, computers 'Ihe in-honse capability is composed Pa., laboratories are delving into new levels of advanced energy concepts.
and fire integration facilities. Missile Master’s electronic systent mainly of troops whose training must Objectives: to originate and improve solid and liquid fuels, mono-propel-
provides semi-automatic coordination and Are direction for continue in order to support deployed lants and solid and liquid oxidizers for use in defense and space explora-
Nike missile batteries, and has been installed near vital forces. They form approximately 40%
tion missions.
U.S. metropolitan and industrial centers. of the maintenance and overhaul capa-
This diversification of effort in the interests of National Defense can be
bility.
Missile Master joins a growing, impressive list of Superior-
powered U.S. defense assignments that are convincing evidence
helpful to you. A new laboratory and oflice in Encino, California, is pro-
Contractor Services viding closer liaison with the heart of the missile industry, and brings our
Superior engines provide rugged dependability, trouble-free
performance and economical fuel consumpllon. Superior engines Contractor services in maintenance capabilities to bear directly where they are most needed.
—215 to 2150 HP or ISO to 1500 KW— will also meet your and overhaul nill be continued. The Gallery provides Systems Management as well as subcontract capabilities
exact power requirements. Write today for complete information. •Anny believes that its varying work- We are particularly qualified in the
for research and process development.
load can l)c better lumdled by con-
fields of propulsion, oxidizers, energy storage, explosive and space manu-
tractors who can adjust the size of their
organizations to meet nliatcver needs facturing technologies.

White Bie^eL Anny space activities have been

limited to one )iiajnr project, the
Our sales and research and development personnel are available
times for technical service regarding the handling, shipping, storage and
at all

use of any of our products.

Courier communications satellite. In-
terest also is being shown in geodetic
For information or technical service write Defense Products Dept.,
satellites whiclicould improve the ac- Gallery Chemical Company, Gallery, Pa.; or telephone Evans City, Pa.,
curaev of maps. 3510, Ext. 455.

86
AVIATION WEEK, March 13, 1961
 • NATO

Armament and Electronic Rep air Shops j

ELECTROWRITER REC ElVERS

. , ... ,

Board jj:: z

I|r|] [ItII o-
_
1

'
O 0
0 0
0 0 rp"
NATO Divided Over Weapon Transition
0 0 sEi By Cecil Btownlow largely ohsolescing force of Korean
\\'ar vintage aircr.ift to motletn cqni|j-
ineiit and heyand to the era of ballis-
Paris—Economic, tccliiiulogical and political storms that tiaditioiiallv assail tic missiles iinti \T()I.s.
the planning efforts of the Xortli Atlantic Treatv O^anization arc increasing
Polaris “Suggestion"
in intensity as the Western “shield” moves to match its Sosict liloc foe in
modem weapons.
The major political-teclmalogical-eca-
nomic issue to be decided at the mo-
For the moment, the 1? member-nations arc decplv dis’ided in a mmibcr of
ment rcMiUes around svlictlier N'ottli
areas—whether to accc])t a U. S. offer that would make NA'I'O a largdv .Atl.nitieTreatv Organization meinhers
autonomous nuclear power; to wliat degree should a national force be stib- should hu\ and jointlv control 100
mc'^ed and its objectises geared toward the broad concepts of NATO; who Polaris missiles-a “suggestion" out-
lined late last year bv the Eisenhower
pass for wliat, and why; how is tlic pic to be split in Entopean production
.Ndmiiiistratiou.
programs; where should tlie eni|>liasis be placed in wcai>ons deselopmont?
Dispatcher Indications are that the 'suggestion’'
Some of these ptoblcins arc not new, tcnipnr.irilv at the annual NATO
niiii- has .ipparenth met nitli the approval

AT HAMILTON AIR FORCE BASE biit the fissures arc wicleiiiiig. Some
ate now being threshed out at the ssork-
mg Icsels, others will be sohed at least
isterij] iiiLCtiiiB at Oslo in Mav.
others will pkguc the organization
Hut

Ihroiigh the current transition from a

of the .Administration of President
John
Any
E. Kennedy.
acceptance of the “suggestion”
The Air Defense Command. Hamilton Air Force The Electrowriter System combines the speed of
Base, cuts manpower and time in processing vital air- the telephone voice with the accuracy of written in-
craft maintenance instructions through the use of structions. Only one writing of the instructions is
Electrowriter Systems. Writing directly on an Elec- needed throughout the entire system. Speed and ac-
trowriterlVansmitter. Central Maintenance transmits curacy is increased and manpower is saved.
a description of the maintenance requested by an in-
coming aircraft. A pushbutton selector chooses the
stations to receive the message. At Hamilton, there
are nine receiving stations for Field Maintenance and
eight receiving stations for Armament and Electronic
services. Each shop concerned with the maintenance
required receives the instructions instantaneously, as
they are written.

W£ST GERMAN air force Lockiiccd F-IO-IF hvo-seatcr employs aftcrbiitiicr for tokcoS ot start of a training mission.

AVIATION WEEK, March 13, 1961 89

 • NATO
• NATO for instance. You can't hide it, a missile tliat present obstructions to its policy for the week-end, and you’ve had it

Europe. The Germans also will bas'e Jupiter intermediate-range ballistic could knock it out. The question is machinery. until Monday."
probablv also would be accompanied
bv an effort on (he part of the Adininis- an imposing array of ground-to-ground missile sites arecoming into being in bow many would survive? Standardization of equipment, still an Effective and secure communications
(ration to ha\’c Congress relax present and ground-to-air missile systems, all Italy and Turkev; the Ihiliaii, Creek "The big problem licrc is the simple anathema to some countries, is begin- stillremain a problem, howcs’cr, and
within easy teach of the Soviets- For and Turkish air forces are now training one of survival against a rapidly grow- ning to make significant inroads, and the need for further developments in
legislation stipulating that all Aincrican-
something more the dciiverv of tactical nuclear ing threat with a 'irtually unstoppable more and more bilaterals are being this field is receiving tlie personal atten-
mamifactiircd nuclear stores must re- this force' to attain in
than minimal effectiveness, it will be weapons and should have an opera- moans of attack." drafted for the joint development and tion of Dr.Jerome B. Wiesner. Presi-
main under U.S. control.
necessary to have the nuclear sveapons tional capability within the near future. On a more optimistic note, bowe'cr, production of liardware— a necessity in dent Kennedy’s scientific ad'iscr.
The present niahe-do arrangement
In addition, the strike forces of the
he says that "riglit now, with wliat we some cases because of the high costs Logistics is Still a national funetion,
for providing non-U. S. N.ATO units on site and immediately accessible.
with a nuclear cipability calls for the ()n tlie other liand, and a.side from United States Air Forces in Europe have in central Europe, I don't think and complexifies of modem weapons but tlie NATO maintenance supply
be strengthened this spring and he (the Soviet Union) has a cliancc of systems that prohibit any one nation sen’ices agency at Cliatcauroux. F'raiice,
stockpiling of stores at central depots the costs invois-ed in anv acceptance of VI ill

with the introduction of the taking Europe, And, if he shifts his from going it alone. will) large stocks of spares, is pushing
and then mating them to their carrier the Polaris plan. France, Great Britain siuiinicr
and Sraiidinas-ian countries, in par- Republic F-105 fighter-bomber to the power, we’ll get word of it and shift Tlie multi-nation F’-104 production the move towards botli standardization
svstcins. veliicli hopefully arc located tlie
theater. Ak'cst German'- will receive an accordingly," program, altlioiigli not an official N.ATO and a logistics network.
not ton far awav. as a crisis develops. ticular. seem hesitant to accept an idea
Survival in an attack, officers iicrc project per sc, is beginning to swing into E\en in drafting of agreements
Snell a system has its obvious disad- that would make nuclear weapons initial I'-IOAG capability during tlie tlie

'antages— particularly in view of the asailalilc on a nuilti-iiarinn basis- vear with aircraft delivered from the agree, means dispersal. Plans, which gear after a series of delays, and the first on future needs, the nations arc slouly
sliort distances involved vis-a-sas Soviet Over-ail, the present stockpiling ar- U. S. bv Lockiieed Aircraft Corp., and NATO headquarters liope the member aircraft is due off the line later tiiis drawing closer togetlier, particiilarlv
missile and jet bomber sites and the rangement will liccomc increasingly many German pilots have been trained nations accept, include the dispersal
w’ill year. Licensed production plans for when compared with the bitter back-
hard to live with as N'.\TO piislics its in special weapons dciiverv tecliniqiies. of aircraft to hardened sites from which tilt Hawk anti-aircraft and Sidewinder biting of a few yean ago over tlie selec-
consequent short reaction time to any
surprise blow. program for more and more dispersal “.All in ail," one N.ATO ge-neral thev could be catapulted bv zero-length air-to-air missiles also are progressing. tion of a common close-support figiiter.

For the moment, hmsever. West of the forces on luind— the proposed officer says, “we have a pretty substan- iaunclicrs. Italy, for example, has shown Brcgnet is receiving components from The fighter chosen, the FiatG.91. has
Cermanv appears to be the lone strong Polaris svstcins. for example, would be tial strike force. Its effectiveness, of some interest in adapting North Amer- other European contractors and fabri- 1ic*cn selectedby two nations thus far—
Fnrnpean |iroponent of the Polaris pro- spotted aboard mobile barges .and rail- course, will depend on its ability to ican .Aviation, Tnc.'s F’-lOO zcto-launcb cating the prototype of N.ATO’s Atlan- Italy and AVest Cermanv.
posal.although it lias the backing of road flat cars withstand the forces against it. technique to tlie Fiat G.91 close-support tic turboprop anti-submarine warfare Aithougii not witlmiit delays and a
Ccn. Norstad. supreme allied
l.aiiris .All added im|iedimcnt to fast reac- “If the Cnniniunists hit us. no doubt fighter. patrol aircraft. maximum of mancu'criiig for position
commander in F.iirnpc. and other top tion times is the fact that, directlv or we would sustain great losses. A\'c arc Such a plan, a NATO
planning of- A forward scatter communications by the major nations in'ol'cd. tlic
\'.\TO officials. Uiidoubtedlv, Ger- indirectly, the laws of France, Norway stilltoo dependent on fixed instali.i- ficer agrees, “is costlv, but it's not pro- net along the 4,000-mi. NATO
petiph- NATO V/STOL close-support figiiter
many would base the most to gain from and Denmark preclude the stockpiling tions, and, in order to remain effective hibitive. I'm comiheed some of tire cn' from Norwav to Turkey will liccomc program apparentlv is on the tlire«1iold
anv change in U. S. law slackening the nf U. S -contTolicd nuclear stores in —as a deterrent niid as an operating nations will go for it." And, he adds: fully operational witliin the near future, of progress, and a request for bids iiiav
binds on the availability of nuclear tlicsc countries, although N.ATO of- force— it's essential that vve improve our "We need tliis, wlicthcr N.AT’O acts reducing reliance upon sometimes reli- be iet by early June, followed b\ a com-

ficials insist that, should a aisis de- potential to sun-ivc. Our momentum its osvn nuclear weapons or not. It it able land lines and national telephone petition for a V
S’l’OL tranyiort.
During the second half of the 1960s. velop. “the French will have nuclear will be verv iie-.ivv in tiiis ditcefinn over does, it "ill help our problem quite a and teletype systems. "If a repeater (on Tf present plans remain in force, pro-
the German air force is scheduled to capnhilitv despite the base storage ptob- bit. If it doesn’t, we can live with it." a natinnn’l system)goes out on a Satur- duction will be on a innlti-nation basis,
bas e on hand nier 1,000 nindem com- icm.” Despite the political roadblocks, -Another general officer adds; In other areas, N ATO ai.so is moving day afternoon," one official complains, and mote than one country will lim.
bat jets-all NATO committed and the N.ATO’s over-ail nuclear posture sliould "AA'e’rc very vuincmbic here. Take iilicad in spite of the political buffets “the guy "lio can fix it lias gone home In connection 'vitli the V S’l’OI.s, a

Strongest .single power in ^\’cstcm improve vulisfantialiy during tlie venr. the Nike Ajax (anti-aircraft missilel.

meet military specifications and standards. These are

Recently the Air Force issued new contract requirements the punch cards that make microfilm so easy to file, find,

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AVIATION 13 1961 AVIATION WEEK, Me 13 . 1961

,
 ”It is believed that no other single

aircraft in the world can match the

performance of the TSR 2,.,**

TheEight HonHaroldWatkinson.MP, British Minister ofDefence, speaking at WBybridge,onFriday,7th Oct 1060

...AND BRISTOL SIDDELEY

British Aircraft Corporation have recently received an order from the Ministry of Aviation
for a number of TSR 2's. One of the most advanced military aircraft ever to be designed,
the TSR 2 will be used in tactical strike and reconnaissance roles with a wide range of
weapons, including nuclear. It will: (I) reach twice the speed of sound at altitude; (2) be
capable of high subsonic speeds at ground level; and (3) have short take-off and
landing capabilities from Inferior surfaces.

The Minister of Defence snid, when nnnouncing the oi'der; Olympus, which has already helped the Avro Vulcan
“It is believed tliat no otlier single aircraft in the world can V-bomber to achieve its outstanding pcrfonnance, em-
match the peiforniance of the TSR 2 in all three respects.” bodies all the qualities essential for the efficient propulsion
The TSR 2 will be i>o>rci-cd by the Bristol Siddeley Olympus of a supersonic aircraft: liigh power at high altitude;
turbojet. remarkable handling characteristics; extremely low fuel
The Bristol Siddeley 01>-mpu,s ha.s proved itself in ser- consumption; great operational flexibility; a tong overhaul
vice to be one of the most successful turbojets ever built. life; and the highest posver for its weight of any high-thrust
Its truly a-stonishing built-in potential has been strikingly turbojet. The Olympus is eminently suitable foi’ Britain’s
dfinonstnited by the threefold increase in power from the civil supersonic transport.
ll,dOO-lb thru.st of the original production engine to the
33,000-lb thruat with reheat of the latest version. The BRISTOL SIDDELEY ENGINES LIMITED
BRISTOL AERO-IP AVIATION eUlLDINS, . 3, CANADA.
93
 • NATO
• NATO
"20 projects" ptograni to delve into the
most needed detelopments by tlic
development official rcceiitU explained; homeland, conducted mancuiers on 15.72% to approximately 20%, sviiile
NATO nations as a whole also has "Vou have 14 nations here (Iceland I'rcncli soil last seat with a minimum tlic U. S. share will decline from
evolved, stemming from a 1959 United
is a NATO member but doesn't par- of dispute. 56.9S% to 30.85%. Great Britain and
ticipate in weapons deselopinent pro- llie dollar drain from the U. S. and France also arc boosting tlicir funding
Kingdom recomntendation. At present,
only major hardware— and usually wea- grams), eacli with a stlf<x>ntaincd de- just what a resurgent AA'est Geniianv categon.
effort in this
fense force, who onh' rccenth began to should do to help curb it also has cre- For all the app.irent strains, argu-
pons ss'stems— is considered, altlioiigli
look outside their own borders. Bs now. ated some UTbal transatlantic harping ments and hassels, N.ATO has achieved
components may enter the picture at
a later date.
it's pretty clc.irly accepted tli.it the ideal hut. ivithiu NATO, Germany seems its mission. Referring to the organiza-
situation is standardiziition. 'I'hc quar- ivilhiig to accept a larger sli.irc of tlic tion’s role since its formation in 1949.
Tite program has undisputed merit,
but the cuinbctsome selection and de-
rels tcs'olsc around nhat’s nevded. burden as its militarv strength grows a NATO manual proiidh' notes:
selopment process through which it lias
“Tliere .aredifferent ideas on how to 12 dii isions and a 2S-vving air force. "Soviet exp.msion westward, wliieh
best to defend yourself and nliat son In N.A'I'O's multilateral financing was proceeding at an alarming rate dur-
to surviic gives some indication of the
recl-bipc-slashing e-vcrcises still needed
need to do it. Some couulrics arc program, for example, which is hugely ing tlic vears following thc second
afraid to take too strong a stand on concerned witli civil works programs AA’orld AA'ar, has been li.ilted. Not one
within N.VI'O— as elsewhere:
nen' weapons or st.nulardi/atioii because siicli as airfields, communications cen- square inch of territory In F.urope has
• Proposal is made by an individual
country, the NATO
international staff
of their proximih' to Russia. Otlier.s ters. access roads, etc., Germany lias fallen under Soviet doniiuativm since
on strietiv nationalistic programs,
insist agreed to boost contribution from flic signature of tlic treaty.”
or NATO military authorities.
“Things are much Isctlcr but, as an
its

• IX'tailcd rc]X)rt on proposal is pre-

example of some of the probleins-in
sented to the N.ATO armaments com-
ncccnilscr, 1950. fisc countries decided
mittee. second higlicst-ranking perma-
nent body under the NA'I’O council.
to coordinate follow-on support for a
PROVEN RELIABILITV-
• Committee, if it accepts the merit of
common aircraft. One countrv came SOLIB-STATE POWER INVERTERS
with monel; the mils tiling thc others
thc proposal-or sometimes if only two
countries agree-usuallv appoints one nf
lud was a s,iks jiitch. 'I’he one witli ovor 260,000 logged hours- vollage-reguleted,
number of typc.s of working groups
monev went home mad, and it took ns
a
three veur' to get it hack on tlie team. freguenoy-eonfrolled, for missile, telemeter, ground-
to make a detailed study— i.e., an "ex-
".And each country generally has a
ploratory ad hoc mixed working group" now-
and definite interest in producing for itself. support, 13S*C all-siiieon units available
("mixed" means both civilian inili-
M.mi- h.ive national laws compclhng
tar\- representatives); etc. In some eases,
tliem to giie preference to thc na-
however, there is no need for a work-
ing group since the proposal may fall
"Essentially." he conehides, "what
into the realm of one of 16 N.ATO
wc are accoinplishing is a slow erosion
standing groups of experts or of one of
nf these coimities' fe.irs. W'licii this
their 29 subgroups.
the
li.ippcns, st.ind.irdizatinii and cooper, i-
• Group finally selected studies
proposal, camasscs thc countries that
1 lie tecliiiological and politic.il dis-
arc scriouslv interested and drafts a re-
putes have lueu heightened hv tlie
port on the numbers that probably
PROBLEMATICAL RECREATIONS 57 would be built if ordered into produc-
public fears, first c;qiresscd in thc de-
clining dais of the leisciihower Admin-
tion and just how the production should
istration. oicr thc growing U. S. dollar
be divided among thc participating na-
loss ovcrse.is.the adieni of ,i ness ad-
tion.s. "Tlietc is." one official says, "a
ministration nf unknown caliber, and
lot of give and take here."
• Organization which will effectively the rumors mid open concern
rc.sii1t.int

in F.urope as to whether N.ATO’s

act as thc project’s board of directors is
strongest partner would remain firm.
organized, ssith each participating
countrv represented. AA'est Germ.in Chancellor Konrad
• Board selects the prime contractor Adenauer also has been clc.nli upset
and allocates production-"these arc by Gen. Charles de Gaulle’s insistence
nice is'ords which represent a great deal upon building a putcli national force
with an independent nuclear capabiliti',
A, 6, and C participate in a track meet, consisting of at least of negotiation."
and hv tlic f.ict that I’rancc now has
three events. A certain number of points are given for first place, • Program office is established to nego-
tiate and sign a preliminary production only tivo c.ulre divisions earmarked for
a smaller number for second place, and a still smaller number for
AA'est F.iiropean defense— as opposed to
contract.
third plaee. A won the meet with a total score of 14 points; B and tiie four front-line disisious to which it
• Production licenses arc obtained, if
C are tied for second with 7 points apiece. B won first place in
necessary. is conniiittc'd.
the high jump. Who won the pole vault? —Conlribuled
• Technical arrangements arc nego- The froiit-hnc dis isions are, of course,

This year's IRE Show promises to be jumping with data-packed ill Algeria, ami N.ATO planners arc
tiated, spelling out thc previous agree-
kinking toivard the possible settlement
displays. Among them, the many divisions of Litton Industries. ments in more detail, naming subsys-
of thc .Algerian crisis with a more tlum
Hope to count our readers in the estimated 60,000 attendance. tem manufacturers, etc.
• Main pmdiiction contract nego- academic interest. Ore teq) \.AT(7 of-
See you in New York. March 20-23rd. is

tiated, and pilot production is begun. fia'r here savs. "if the .Algerian troops
ANSWER TO LAST WEEK'S PROBLEM ; Thc logic is tricky, but the • Test program is begun, ci'cr come back, things will be much
rental was $1.50 per horse for the first month, SI. 20 per horse • Full production gets under way. better all around,"
for the second month, iind S 1 .00 for the third. A owed $4.50 for • Training programs for crews arc es- Despite tlie uneasiness sometimes
thc first and $4.80 for the second month. 6 owed $6 for the neecssaty. displayed at thc upper cchchms. France
tablished, if

second and S6.00 for the third. C owed $7.50 for the first and • Follow-on support and maintenance ami Ccnnani' been growing closer
liai'c

programs ate established. togctlier. Germ,in .lireraft. ivith French

$7 for the third.
Tlic process is lone, and cooperation permission, flv over thc breadth of
LITTON INDUSTRIES is sometimes not enthusiastic, but both
i'rance almost daily on training mis- INTERELECTRONICS CORPORATION
Beverly Hills, California arc improving. One harried NATO sions. German troops, with little terri-
tory available for snch purposes in their 2432 Grand Concourse, New York 58, N. Y.
AVIATION WEEK, 13. 1961 AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961
 • MILITARY
Memo
Wield Nuclear, Small War Threats
Metallurgical from General Electric
Soviets
Sino-Sovirt threat is expanding scope and stiffening in stiaigth as the
in cral x'cars when the Soviets have the

long-term goals of economic and political pene- pnssibilifv of dcxcloping an ICBM and
Communist bloc pursues its
submarine-launched missile salso e.ipa-
tration of non-Coninnmist countries, nsing the spe-arhead of brush fire war hililsthat xsonld destroy the imhatd-
to penetrate where other methods fail and casting a longer shadow of cned -Air Force .Atlas sites plus a majot-
nuclear nrissile blackmail across tlie world. itx’ of Str.itcgic .Air Command bases be-
Implicit in the growing truculence of both Communist China and the fore tlie bombers could get off tlic

with the western world and neutrals during the ground, leasing only a few Titans and
Soxict Union in its dealing
•Atlases from hardened sites and a rela-
|jast year has been the growing Soviet capability in nuclear weapons delivery small bomber force to retaliate
tixclx-
via jet bombers, intercontinental l>allistic missiles and submarine-launcbcd against the USSR.
missiles, phis a growing capability to blunt the ])cnctratioii of any U. S. There is considerable "raw" intelli-
nuclear coimterstrikc which xvonld now rely almost completely on subsonic gence as'ailabk on the scope and char-
acter of the Smict ballistic missile
maimed aircraft.
hv the intercontinental missile Imikl-up, blit, during the process by
Tlic USSR probably will try to par- offiTcd
which "agreed national intelligence es-
lav this combination of its own nuclear for .1 dLvistJting surprise attack on a
timates” arc arrixed at through the
strike force spearliL-adeci by its ICBM major foe. Ilic iCBM apparently holds
bureaucratic iuter-ageucy process, this
and IRBM deploniient and its greatly little attraction for Soviet military lead-
origin.i! dat.i is reduced to the lowest
increased defense
air cffectixeiiess ers as a retaliatory or counterstrike
docs for both U. S. common denominator xvhich each par-
against subsonic bombers into a
U- S. xveapon. as it
The ticipating agenev for its individual rea-
polia of nuclear stalemate that will militarx- and politic.il leaders.
sons svill accept. Some military lenders
make the oserwhclming Soxict superi- Soxiets sec the ICBM primarily as an
blackinai!. fee! an ultr.i-con-
this process leads to
ority in non-nuclear comcnfional forces instrument of nuclear as
episodes from sersative sicxv of the Soviet capabilitv,
the kev piece on the intcrn.itional chess their "missile rattling"
the U-2 incident while sound military pkmiiing should
the Suez attack to
and as a xx-capon xx-itb be based on the maximum possible
If the Soxicts arc succL'Ssful in gain- clearlx- reveal-
Sox’ict capabilitv in any particular field.
ing acceptance of the idea of nuclear xxbich it max- be possible to acbicxc
hitherto unprecedented success witlx a Soxiet leaders, including Premier N'i-
stalemate, either tlirougli a formal ban
kita Kbrushebex’. lias’C npciilv boasted
on miclear xx-eapons or merely by im- surprise .ittack that could cffcctively
cripple a major ant.igonist with a single, that their ICBMs arc now deployed in
posing a psvchological reluctance to use
dispersed and eainoufliigcd sites and are
nuclear weapons on the western alli- massive 5n-min. salvo.
cap.ible of hitting targets in any nation
ance, they can be expected to light
Pocific ICBM Show lli.it "ptoxokes" the Sox iet Union or its
brush fire xxars in sexeral spots before
the veat is ended. With sexeral of To establish the xnlidity of their
ICBM capabilitv, the Sovi'ots fired a Continued Soxiet development of
these brush fire wars ignited in xxidcly
scries of shots over ranges up to S.OOO rocket engines producing up to 1-mil-
separated parts of the glnbc-siich as

RENE 41 Laos or Formosa in the Orient. Israel

in the Middle Fast and the Congo in
Africa— the currcntlx- limited aerial logis-
mi.-imp.icting in the Pacific
southxx’cst tii Ilaxvaii,
entrx- and accunicv char.ictcristics could
where their
Ocean
re-
lion-lb. thrust ^ives their ICBMs the
ej|)ahilitv of using multi-weapon war-
heads xvliich can spread several multi-
tic snjjport resources of the U. S. xx onld be mcasiiri’d bv tl. S instrumentation megaton bombs over a broad target

In the area, as xs-ell as by a trio of area, such as a large citv or a dispersed

FOR HOT JOBS! be

the
The
ses’erclv strained
demands
limited xx-ar
if not snapped hy
of simultaneous support.
forces noxx- existing in
Soxiet range instriimentation ships that
bcc-amc Familiar fixtures in the P.icific
ICBM site, and also gixes them the

cap.ibilits- of and
carrving
warheads to confuse the computers
launching de-

the west xvonld be badly outclassed during lOfiO. These shots demonstrated cox’

tactical nuclear the Soxiet ICBM

has sufficient accuracy of an anti-ICBM defense system.
xx-ith'iiit resort to
to put multi-megaton svarhe.id close
a Major build-up in the Soxiet Union’s
enough to anv m-ijor urban or militan’ air defense sxstciu is apparently aimed
Rene 41 Is a super alloy developed by metallurgical engineers at General New Technologies target to dcstrox' nnhardened installa- at snbstantiallx increasing the attrition
Electric especially for high-temperature applications. Prepared by a tions and has range sufficient to reach rate of the S.AC and Naxy subsonic
-All Soxiet expansionist foreign policy
vacuum-induction-melting process, Rene conducted against the basic back- anv point in the United States from any bomber force that could penetrate to
41 combines light weight and is
the Soviet Union (7.500 stat. Russian targets on a retaliatory’ strike.
top strength with high-temperature resistance (1600° to 1800° drop of militarx’ strength, which has point in
F.)- In addition, \Vith this kind of a balance in nuclear
been growing at a significant rate since
Rene 41 is extremely ductile; corrosion- and oxidation-resistant Political squabbles over U. S. intelli- strike exchange, the prospect of major
the Russians embraced the nexx- tech-
nuclear xxat might look attractive to
nologies of supersonic aerodynamics, gence estimates h.ix'c tended to obscure
This super alloy can be easily forged, welded, or formed; it Is available In the real military significance of the Soviet planners.
nuclear fissinn and rocket propulsion,
sheets, plates, bars, billets, flats, wire, or castings. Can we help you? Write; .Although the Soxiets still maintain the Sosict missile capability, xvliich nobody
Air Defense Program
Metallurgical Product$ Department of General Electric largest military manpnxxer in the xvorld denies is rapidlv grnxving to significant
Company, 1119S East Soxiet air defense program involves
in scrx-icc, their sxxitch to the new force.
8 Mile Road, Detroit 32, Michigan. growth mav trigger a basic installation of new longer range and
tcclinologies has enabled them to in- This
Soviet mllitarx’ polin’ aimed more modern radars in depth along the
“Rene 41 is a trademark of the General Electric crease the over-all power and effcctixe- sxvitcli ill
Company. the miclear stalemate philos- USSR perimeter; installation and opera-
ncss of their milifatx- forces xvlulc at forcing
manpower the badly ophy into a nuclear b.m that svould tion of modern fighter control centers;
siphoning off to
pave the xx-av for brush fire war opera- re-eqnip|Jlng of air defense squadrons
oxerstrained cix'iliaii labor Force.
along the Soviet perimeter or with new’ supersonic interceptors carrx-
Sox-iet military poliev has been tra- tions all

mav crx’Stalizc the philosophy of suc- ing airborne radar and air-launchcd mis-
ditionallv dcfciisix-c. but xvith the ad-
through an ICBM siles; deployment of an improved second
vent of the ICRM there has been a
general(%) electric noticeable sxx-itch in Soxiet military
philosophy to exploring the adxantagcs
cessful offensixe svjT
nuclear surprise attack.
Key period xvill come in the next sex-
acncratinn
missiles,
of ground-to-air
and linking of the USSR
defensixe
air clc-

CARiOlOYr CEMENTED CAREIDES • MAt IDE DIAMONDS • MAGNETIC MATERIALS

THERMISTORS • THYRITEi VACUUM-MEITED ALLOYS AVIATION XMEEK. 13, 1961
 • MILITARY
ftn.ie s'Stcm vvitli radar networks in
Chiiiii and other |)ctimctcr satellite

THE WONDER
Lnoniing bejoiid tlic current dcselop-
inent of the Soviet iiiisiile spear and its
MATERIAL ,iirdefense sliield is a growing c.ipabil-
itv to apply .space tccliiiology to mili-

FORASW tarv proldeins. Soiiet success in hurl-

ing seven ton pas loads into orbit and
in hninehing a \’emis probe from the

IS parking orbit of <i satellite has already

created a psvchological impact in the

PLASTICS world, dcmnnstr.iting that inilitaiy

space potential already exists and can
be expected to be desclopcd soon. In-
itial Soviet militarv space capability
probablv will be for reconnaissance. -Ml
of the Sputniks after the first two Ivne
...AND THE COMPANY had ample cujacity for reconnaissance
equipment, and it is nnrc.alistic to sup-
pose that because the Soviets have
FOR PLASTICS m.ide no mention of these experiments,
(hev have not conducted reconnaissance
IS of the earth from their satellites.
Some militarv opinion maintains that

ZENITH the Soviets do not need

naissance capability because of their ex-
cellent world-wide espionage nehvork
a space recon-

,md because so much information on

Plastics will not corrode. It will not
U.S. military inst.illations is available
pnhlielv. Tliis overlooks the two essen-
LIGHTNim-FAST INDICA TION. .

undergo electrolysis. It is non-mag-

netic. It is more difficult to detect. And
tial supporting systems required for an
effective ICBM weapon system-precise
WITH CONTROLLABLE RETENTION
reinforced-plastics has an amazing geodetic information for missile guid-
strength, even at great depths.
Zenith has the extensive engineer-
ing knowledge, well-equipped rein-
ance systems and target pattern recon-
naissance that
valid for a
is fresh enough
mass missile launch, .^n ex-
to lie DU MONT DIRECT-VIEW
forced-plastics laboratories, electronic
test facilities, and large production
capabilities to form resin-bonded glass
ample
be
most
of the latter requirement would
satellite reconnaissance that showed
of S-\C's bombers were not at
STORAGE TUBES
their normal bases, which vsould cancel
fiber into virtually any marine compo- the effectiveness of a missile strike at
nent imaginable. Zenith has more than
16 years experience in pioneering new
those bases and require determining the a D/ST to satisfy FEATURES
new location of the hombet gtoiips be-
techniques and production processes fore an effective missile strike could be your application needs Selection of sizes
in plastics. liimched. from 2%" to 2T-including
. . from aircraft radar to ground control.
Zenith has developed its own method
Psychological Weapon Brighter, flicker free displays, retained—for
electrostatic types
of end-ovei'-end filament winding, a
process which gives a high strength- It is also likely that the Soviets will seconds or hours. Brightness permits Brighter, flicker-free displays
exploit the psychological possibilities of excellent readout even high ambient light
to-weight ratio. Zenith has equipment in
Information superimposed
bombardment satellites, particularly
which makes possible to mold rein-
it conditions— such as in aircraft cockpits.
on ether information for
after they succcssfullv- send a man info
forced plastics into huge and highly Continuous tracking of a moving object-
orbit and return him to earth. The argu- dimensional observations
complex shapes. These are the reasons ment over whether the bombardment in the air or on the ground— made crystal clear
Zenith has the versatile capability to Controlled and
satellite might be an inefficient method by superimposing information. These are
produce marine components better in of delivering a nuclear vv-arlicad may variable persistence
only a small portion of the advantages provided
plastics. This is why Zenith was the become academic in view of tlic psy-
by Du Mont Oirect-View Storage Tubes. For any High readout capability-
company called on to build the first chological impact such a device could
aeronautical DVST requirements-look to even In high ambient
all-plastics LCVP for the Navy. offer as diplomatic leverage.
Looking even farther ahead, it is experience and depth of line-look to Du Mont light conditions
Consider the many benefits of plas-
logical to expect that the Russians will WRITS fOR COMPISTE OSTAIIS
tics in your undersea, ASW, and the moon and
. .

attempt to land men on

marine projects before you seal the tstablish someof lunaf activity,
sort
design. Remember, the wonder mate- although it will be initiated under the
rial for ASW is plastics. ..and the guise of purely "peaceful" scientific ex-
company for plastics is Zenith. ploration.
Biggest improvement in the capabil-
ities of the massive conventional land
.ind air forces of the Soviet Union has
come with the dcwclopment of a sizable
fleet of turbojet and turboprop-powered
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
ZENITH PLASTICS DIVISION AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961

WEST 135TH STREET, GARDENA.

1600 CALIFORNIA
 • MILITARY
transports that gires these forces both
greatly increased speed in their mobil-

eWERRYLOCK TEAM ity and substantial extension of their

range of operations through air tran.s-
portability and supply. Basic workhorses
of the military transport fleet are the
The Standard Cherrylock turboprop-pow'cred Antonos’ series, An-
Top Performance Through the 4. An-10 and An-12, all designed for
truckbed loading and operation from
entire rangeofDiametera, Grips,
small grass or dirt fields.
and Materials The Sos’iet jet transport fleet also is
playing an important role in the politi-
cal and economic penetration of non-
Communist countries, providing swift
and secure communications directly
from Moscow to the key cities in the
non-Communist world.
The latest So'iet bid to obtain com-
metcial landing rights in New York for
a route that would include Havana as
an intermediate stopis an example of

how the Aeroflot routes follow closely

the path mapped for political penetra-
The Bulbed Cherrylock
In addition to providing a fast and
Specillcally for Thin Sheet and
secure communications line to the pro-
Double Dimple Applieatlons- Sosict Castro gO'ernment in Cuba,
Even Greater Strength In the Aeroflot's Moscow-Hasana route would
Short Grip Ranges also provide the vital link for expansion
of the Communist airline throughout
Latin America.
The Soviet transport fleet also is pro-
viding an economic entree in many
Cherrylock ''2000” Team
j Only the countries whore development of an air

Gives you M These Advantages transport svstem is eitner a matter of

economic necessity or a ssinbol of in- FLUID, FOAM, OR FLOATING GLOBULES...
a MlecRanlCSlfy Locked Stem • tense national pride. The 11-18 turbo-
whatever a liquid’s state or attitude, whether or
Full Grip Range still
prop transport nas proved the best ex-
• FlSh FraetGri^ • Complete Hole Fill
port item from the Soviet transport
in agitation, the volume indication is the same with
(No SfeM^TTTmmlng) • positive Visual Inspection the Liquidometer Matrix Liquid Quantity Gauge. A
fleet, although the An-12 and iVl-t
• Positive Clamp-up (Crip Marked on Head) also have been sold to nations outside —
capacitor type measuring probe intercellular in

A-286 Stainless Steel — Monel—Alumlnum the Communist bloc.

construction— is the heart of the system. In addition
Soviet aircraft and helicopter exports
The Cherrylock* “2000” series team widest grip range available only — have usually been accompanied by the to actuating an indicator, output can be telemetered,
offers the finest, most adaptable air- with the Cherrylock Team result — dispatch of Russian technical missions used for control purposes, or fed into computers.
craft rivets yet developed. Maximum in better fastening at lower cost. The to the purchasing countries and by in- Potential applications: measuring liquid oxygen for
joint strength and reliability are Cherrylock Team provides the vitations to train native technicians in
astronauts: gauging liquids in advanced rocket pro-
obtained by using the Standard strongest mechanical lock flush — tire
weapon
Soriet Union— a
of political penetration.
double-edged
pulsion systems: all-attitude gauging of aircraft fuels.
Cherrylock and the Bulbed Cherry- fracture rivet available. Poaitive
Military aircraft are also on the in- Technical details In Booklet 694.
lock to cover the entire range of viaual inspection after installation
creasing Soviet list of exports to non-
applications, The Bulbed Cherrylock with grip length marked on the rivet
Communist
for short grips and double dimple, head — is offered only by the
opment in
countries-
this
Latest devel-
area sasv a squadron
the Standard Cherrylock in the Cherrylock Team.
of MiG-17 jet fighters exported to
longer grips. Both types are installed Morocco, while further deals arc being
with the same H-610 series pulling For technical data on the Cherry- negotiated for MiG fighters and Ilyu-
head, using existing Cherry guns. lock Team of rivets, write Cherry shin transports with Indonesia and the
Higher joint strength allowables, RivetDivirion, Townsend Company, United Arab Republic, Cuba has also
close blind side clearance, and the Box 2157-N, &nta Ana, Calif. been a heasy recipient of Soviet arms,
Point Na, assisai including MiG-17 fighters.
Soviet Army has been through two
major weapon equipment cycles since
CHERRY RIVET DIVISlOH the end of World War II. It is now
heavily mechanized, including mobile,
e^^^^amraiBroBiHiiiiiii ; tracked missile launchers, airborne tanks
the LIOUIDOMETER coup
and self-propelled guns, and features a

Townsend Company large airborne force.

arsenal is
The Army
equipped witli a wide variety
missile
j'* pwvwi Cfunlihj

S ESTABIISHEP 1816 » BEAVER FAILS. PA.

of types including battlefield missiles
with ranges beginning at 10-15 mi. and
extending to 250-500 mi., with anothei

101
100 AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961
 • MILITARY
group in tlic 1,100-1.500 mi. rjiigc de-
ployed :igiiinst botli F.iiropcao .tiid
.\siatic birei'ts and vyitli the 7.500-mi.
ICBM aimed at the U.S.
Soviet naval power is concentrated
heavily on siibmariiu: forces, with iiu-
tlear-powercd siilmiarines now operat-
i)igand a sizable force of convcntiunally-
pnwered niissilc-iaunching suhm.irincs
operational. These boats c.irrv a com-
plcnicnt of solid propellant ballistic
missiles with an estimated range of sOO
mi. for firing against sliore targets.
Communist Chinese force lias
air
been cquip|)cd with increasing qvian-
titi« of MiG-19 supersonic twin-jet
fighters and improved carh-w.iriiiii|
and ground control intercept tvpc
radars. Standard bomber is still the
subsonic twin-jet 11-2,5. lle.iw bnild-up
of air strength continues in the coastal
provinces opposite I'ormosa ,nid the
off-shore islands held bv the Nationalist
Cliinese fortes. network of air bases
.\

with 12.nOD ft. paved runways and

large dispersal are-.is has Iwen com-
pleted in tliese provina-5. along with
tuel pipelines to supply than. Tlic

AERO INSTRUMENT CO. Chinese Communist airline lias l>ecn

expanding its routes with 11-15 turbo-
prop transports imported from Russia
5105 DENISON AVE. • CLEVELAND 2, OHIO and has begnn a .small aircraft niauu-
Manufacturers of Electrically Heated Aircraft Parts Since 1925 factnring complex of it.s own. mainly
building small fcedcrlincrs and trans-
Taming the sun’s energy
ports that can use unimproved fields,
^llie Chinese altcadv have a large fleet to solar battery needs
of 11-14 twin-engine piston transports
for both mihtarv and airline use. Bmisch & Lomb optical/electronic/viechanical
aword to the engineer In general, the ontlook is for
Conimimist military pressure in
lie.ivy

l.aos capabilities increase cell efficiency

,md Berlin, with political pressure heav i-

concerned about est in Iran in the Middle East and the The only trouble with solar energy for satellite power supply
new independent .\frican nations. .\t is that there's too much of it. Only about 10% of the sun’s radiation

his future . . .
the same time, a major Soviet diplo-
continue to he maneu-
ni.itic gcxil will
can be transformed into electrical energy. The remaining
90% just heats the solar cells, reducing their efficiency.
vering the U.S. into a position where
With Martin, the leader in mlssile/space technology, potent nuclear power, both strategic
its Bausch & Lomb coatings enhance the efficiency of solar cells
the engineer or scientist finds the keys which eon open and tacliciil. will be outlawed by inter-
by allowing them to operate at cooler temperatures. "Blue” (see
national agTCCmcnt, opening flic in-
the door to a brighter professional future: Significant
ternational chessboard to decisive moves
—
typical curve) coatings selectively absorb the radiation needed to
ossignmenis in odvanced programs ... A creative with the Soviet Union's preponderance energize the cells. The "Red-blue" coatings bounce the hot infra-red
engineering otmosphere that encourages o man's best of conventionally armed masses. radiation back into space (see typical “red-blue" curve)
efforts ... A vital, fast-growing organization which
Find out how B&L capabilities can help out on your next project
assures exceptional advancement for the exceptional in design, development and production. Ask for our technical reports:
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JKV..A #7 •TM MSM

BALTIMORE
102
 Stiit//esm S/Z/co/res
HOW THESE TIME-TESTED MATERIALS
SILIG01D6Y CAN WORK FOR YOU

ils w orking life spectiiculavly.

As the Jets Go Faster, Hotter.. And today Union Cabbide Silicone
Resins are In gni\\ iiig demand for high-
temporature paint systems to insure
Silicones Match Their Needs maintenance of smooth protective sur-
faces on the wings and bodies of super-
Just afew years ago. silicones were ber oxygen masks for both passengers sonic jets.

"womicr chemicals of tlie fulnrel’ Today, and crew are now regular equipment Among the varied u.ses of U.vios
llioir future is here. In the aviation and military alike.
for airlines Caubioe Silicone Fluids theic is one
industry they are firmly established a.s Jet engine Irot-nir starter hoses con- fli.-it raiik.s them in importance « ith rub-

I'eliable materials of jet age technology taining silicone riihher are equally at bers and vesiiis. For without this all-

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tainable in any otiier piactical way. seal iiig heat u itii a leliahility that is un- fluid in instrument iiecdle-sliaft bear-
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Silicone llubber, for example, base mul- cone rubber’s thermal resistance pins its less reliable and safe. Another verv
. . ,

tiplied steadily. First tised to make bomb low compression set have gained, tor it, important factor is that silicone fluid's
bay door seals tliat would stay flexible svidespread aviation use in O-rings, extremely higli compressibility allows
in tlic intense cold of high altitudes, sili- grommets, svashers and boots. damping devices to be of smaller size,
cone rubber extruded shapes ai'e now
standaid equipment on botli militaiy
VITAL TO GLASS FIBER PANELS RE-APPRAISE YOUR OWN NEEDS
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fiher-reiiiforced plastic panels and shapes more rapidly than ever before. Perhaps
FROM RADIOS TO OXYGEN MASKS serve yeoman duty. In cabin wails, par- good bet — some
)’ou are oi erlooking a
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electronic equipment is designed today panels, name a few. In many
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with much of its wiring insulated with of these, a Union Cabbioe silane plays ing quality at .surpri.singly lo«- cost. Send
silicone rubber. Flexible from far below a strong role. Applied to the fibers, it llic coupon for furtlicr information.
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CiTv - Zone State
Space Technology
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 105
 • SPACE TECHNOLOGY

Russia Still Holds Four-Year Space Lead

WHO is at work on a satellite system for global telephone and TV transmission? By Evert Clark missile could dcliiet or the few tons
that a U.S. missile could deliver.

Soviet Russia lias entered a new phase of space exploration in a better Dr. Kistiakow'sky said a year ago,
when he was the President’s science
position than ever to make military, scieiitihc and psychological capital of
adi'iserand the relative positions of the
WHO provides the communications channels for America's missile defenses? her lead over the U.S. U.S. and the USSR were essentially
In spite of great effort and some noteworthy achievements by U. S. military what they are now. that Soviet scien-
and civilian space teams, Russia still enjoys the same foiir-icar lead in rocket tists, although they had made "im-
portant discoveries outer space,
in
propulsive power with which it began the space age— a lead that lias been
cannot claim suptemaev in outer space
WHO is girdling the globe with communications for America's first man into space? conceded but too often has been downgraded in importance by U. S. leaders.
sciences.’’ Me also divorced exploration
IS this vct\ rocket power that offers
1 1 be overcome, or that it doesn t matter of spicc from milit.iry considerations.
Russia an excellent cnance to place aimsav hec-aust the U.S. leads Russia "If one separates civilian space
the U. S. in sccondari- military and in the space sciences.
science and technology from militarv
scientiEc positions just as she hasmade
WHO tapped the sun for electric power by inventing the Solar Battery?
this nation second in
Military benefits that accrue to a
the prestige race
missiles, whicli is cntirelv feasible, one

nation able to lift scicn tons of hard- wonders vviiethcr out insistence on
ware into orbit are ignored or are superiority in spvicc is of overriding
It w-js a fear of Soviet military and mentioned onlv as they affect missile importance,’’ Kistiakowsky said, "'ITie
prestige advantages that caused the applications- 'I'hen it is possible to say, imfortunatc aspect is that space ex-
WHO used the moon for two-way conversations across the country? U-S. to enter the space race in the as Sen. Richard Russell (D.-Ga.), chair- ploration has caught the public im-
firstplace—yet many influential U.S man of the Senate Aniicd Scn iccs Com- agination to the c-xtent that it gives the
scientistsstill argue against basing anv
mittee. did late in February, that it mat- Soviet achievements somewhat mote
space effort on an attempt to regain ters little whether a man is killed by the importance than, perhaps, they right-
lost prestige. maiiv tons of explosive that a Russian fully deserve. The public reaction both

U. S. Debate
While Russia forges ahead on a

timetable that is bet own, the U.S —

three and a half years after Sputnik I

—again is itniewing both its civilian

and military efforts, with a knowledge
that neither is adequate, but with a
suprisiiiE lack of agreement on what
should be done to improve cither one.
President Eisenhower left offia- less

WHO guided Tiros and Echo into accurate orbit? than two months ago with a cautionary
note to Congress in his budget message
to the effect that even manned space
flight was still a doubtful undertaking in
his mind.
WHO made your pocket radio possible by inventing the Transistor? ’I'’urthcr testing and experimentation
will be necessary.^’ the outgoing Presi-
dent said, "to establish whether there
are any valid scientific reasons for ex-
tending manned space flight bevond the
WHO maintains the world’s largest, finest industrial research facilities? Metenrv program."
Tlris'vicw was shared to a great
degree bv Eisenhower’s last science
adviser, 6r. George T. Kistiakovvskv.
and is he-ld to a lesser degree by Prc.si-
WHO supplies the most and the best telephone service in the world?
dciit Kennedy’s new science adviser.
Dr. fcronic B. W'icsncr. Meanwhile,
Soviet scientists express onlv determina-
tion to overcome the harriers to
WHO has the UNIVERSAL communications organization? manned space flight, rather than doubt

Russia’s ability to place seven tons

of payload into an earth orbit and to
use a satellite as a space platform for
interplanetary rocket launchings has
THERE'S ONLY ONE ANSWER TO ALL TEN QUESTIONS .igain fanned the coals of controversy
over what kind of lead the Soviet

BELL TELEPHOIVE SYSTEM Union has and

that lead is.

Those who attempt

of what significance

to depict the
U.S. position in the most Lvotablc
Pioneering in outer space to improve communications on earth
light agree that Russia leads in rocket
jirupiilsion but say that lead will soon

AVIATION WEEK, 13. IMl 107

 • SPACE TECHNOLOGY
here and abroad has been fostered as- Russia obviously has some need undertake a space satellite program.
Dr. Furnas related last November

COMPARE
siduously—and not unnaturally—by the for reconnaissancc-geodctic satellites,
Soviet propaganda machine and in a weather and navigation satellites for how. in the spring of 1955, the nine
sense, by some of out own space both military and cisdl use. and-in the advisers were asked to consider a tech-
Russian view, at any rate—a need for nical intelligence report that had been
Kistiakowsky was attempting to make early warning satellites similar to the presented to the National Security
the valid point that it is essential to Ait Force Midas. It has already demon- Council "indicating that the Soviet
THIS HIGH-SPEED, LOW-COST SWITCH differentiate
nology.
between science and tech-
President Kennedy has made
strated by recovering life from orbit
and sending a rocket from an orbiting
Union was working assiduously on a
satellite project, and that there was a
the same distinction in recognizing the satellite toward the planet Venus that high probability that Russia would

WITH ANY OTHER

Soviet lead in booster capability while it has the engineering capability to send achieve success in the not distant
claiming a U. S. lead in the space bombs down from orbit if technically
sciences. and politicallv desitable. "It was anticipated that such a tech-
Unfortunately, this differentiation Its booster and satellite capability nological feat would be militarily ini-
has become almost an excuse— and if also raises the .strong possibility that
it is true that the U. S. leads in scien- Russia will explore boost glide aircraft, TIROS II UUNCHING
tific the satellite and
exploitation of which have considerable potential in
space probe, how long can it remain both the military and civilian spheres.
true when Russia so obviously has the To find solace in a distinction be-
superior tools with which to make tween pure scientific gains in space and
scientific explorations? the wherewithal to accomplish these
explorations again ignores the basic
Campoign 'Gap' problem. T, Keith Glennan. former
Use of this differentiation bchveen head of the civilian space agency, said
science and technology to m.ike the a year ago that 85% of his agency’s
U. S- position appear better than it work was aimed not at the mysteries of
might be reached an apogee of sorts science but at solution of engineering
last October when Vice President problems involved in design, construc-
Richard Nixon said that the Eisen- tion and operation of launch vehicles,
hower Administration had “just about pavioad .mil tracking stations, and in
dosed an inherited space gap. We have acquisition .and reduction of data. That
been hard at work on the related prob- situation has not changed.
lem— the so-called missile gap-likewisc
Leadership Image

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Philco^s Improved inherited-and
success.
we have achiesed great
The image of world leadership in
“With expenditures of more than a space that Russia has been building may
2NI499A MADT^ billion
sourcefulness
a year,
of
utilizing
tlie giant
the great
industrial
re-

sion that Russia leads the wotl^ in

complex of America as well as that of other fields.
the federal government, wc have sur- Dr. James R. Killian, Jr., who came
CHARACTERISTICS (T = 35°C) passed the Soviet lead in the space into the White House as the first presi-
competition in all respects but th.it of dential science adviser shortly after
rocket thrust, where the failures of the Sputnik I forced the United States to
Now with New, Tighter “Specs" last Administration handed the Soviets begin building a
December;
teal space program,
a several-year lead; and even that lead said last
In high-speed switching circuits, this Philco MADT is soon to be surpassed.” "I believe that in space exploration
has a long record of reliable performance. It has Testimony by Dr. Hugh L. Dryden, as in all other fields that we choose to
always been manufactured to meet rigid specifications who served as the top technical man in o into, wc must never be content to
... not selected as a fall-out device. the civilian space agency under both e second best, but I do not believe
Noir . tht 2NH99A is being produced lo slill ligkler
. .
Eisenhower and Kennedy, is that the that this requires us to engage in a
specifications,making it far more rersaliUand permitting U. S. will not have the thrust to dupli- prestige race with the Soviets.

grealer freedom in circuit design.

cate Russia's Sputnik VIII Venus “We should pursue our own ob-
probe experiment until 1965 or later, space science and not let
New high current rating makes it suitable for line jectives in
unless some real breakthrough occurs. the Soviets choose tliem for us by copy-
drivers, blocking oscillators, etc. Higher amplification
Thus the argument that Russia leads ing what thev do.” The Russians,
factor (hra), makes NOR circuit design much easier. "only" in propulsive power overlooks Killian said, have “sought constantly
Vbe and V
(SAT), guaranteed at 2 drive conditions, the fact that this lead now is the same to present spectacular accomplishments
give tight control for all saturated circuit designs. in time as it was when the race began. in space tec\mology as an index of na-
For logic circuits operating at rates up to 10 me, it It overlooks military applications of tional strength and too often the press
will pay you to get the facts on the improved Philco space technology-even though the and the public at large have interpreted
2N1499A. Compare it . .
.
you’ll find it impossible 0. S. is engaged in applying space to these spectacular exploits as indices of
to beat in performance, reliability, versatility and military missions now—and it assumes strength."
price. Write Dept. AW31361. that the U. S. now leads and will Dr. Killian's view is shared by
continue to lead the Soviets in scien- many within and outside the U. S.
tific gain. space program, if not by the Russians.

PHILCQ
LANSDALE DIVISION, LANSDALE, PENNSVLVANIA
There
that Russia
drop its
is growing concern in the U.S.
may at any convenient time
pretense that
in the peaceful uses of space
to practice a satellite
is interested only
and begin
blackmail similar
It is in great contrast to the conclusion
reached six years ago by Dr. Clifford C.
Furnas, chancellor of the University of
Buffalo,
asked to
and eight others
advise the assistant secretary
who were

to tne missile blackmail that it has used of defense for research and development
in diplomatic circles since 1957. as to whether the United States should

See us at IRC— Booths 1302-1308 AVIATION WEEK, March 13, I9«l 109
 • SPACE TECHNOLOGY • SPACE TECHNOLOGY
portent and have great propaganda and
ately, there has been no strong indica-
prestige value. Hence, the U.S. should
tion that she felt a need to do this.
give very serious consideration to a
Soviet scientists, by virtue of the fact
togram pointed toward the succcss-
that they have launched laboratories
Sil launching of the first satellite before
of impressive weights, enjov a certain
the Russians could steal a march."
status in the international scientific
Furnas said the group nict scncral
community. These attempts to learn,
times and considered all scientific and
coupled with the knowledge gained
engineering angles. "It w.as felt that
that has been reported, are recognized
such a pro|cct on the part of the U. S.
in such subsPantial wa« as election of
at that time would be 3 bit preniahitc,”
Russians to the presidencies of at least
he said. "Five years later would ha\e
three international scientific bodies.
been a more feasible time for ptoceed-
At least a few instances in which the
ing in an orderly fashion.
Russians have learned mote than they
"However, in view of the interna-
have revealed are known. A report pre-
tional situation, it was decided that the
pared by U. S. intelligence sources for
project should go forward even though
Ihc Commerce Department noted that
technical success at that early period
Sputnik III had discovered a ne«' type
was by no means assured. The decision
or corpuscular radiation about which
was unanimous. Ilius, it \\a% interna-
no details had been released.
tional politics which was the decisiw
• Effects of radiation and weightless-
factor in what at first glance was an en-
High range on man— possibly the most im-
. . . low range gineering matter."
ness
portant question about space flight for
Furnas and two others dissented from
manv vears to come— could be learned
BOTH OF THESE NEW CEC the decision to initiate doclopnient of
the Vanguard launching vehicle, favor-
first by Russia which has the potential

to find the answer long before the U. S.

PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS FEATURE ing instead use of the .\rm\- Redstone

because of its quicker availabilitv. but
does. Tiiis docs not guarantee that THIS RUGGED TRANSDUCER
Russia will ansu'cr this or any other
the accuracy of the group'.s estimate of
BUILT-IN SHUNT COMPENSATION the psychological importance of Rus-
question first, but her scientists are ap-
roximatelv as capable as those of the
ASSURES OVER-PRESSURE PROTECTION
sia’s plans was home out manv fold.
tInited States at interpreting findings,
Studies of foreign public opinion,
made by the U. S. last year and debated
and she has much mote chance to make DURING GROUND TESTING
in the last presidential campaign, ucte
These new strain gage units are the moat accurate and highly The Commerce Department survey
released to the public after the change
sophisticated pressure transducers ever built for rugged air* notes that the U. S, leads in siCTificaiit,
of administr.itions in famiarv.
over-all cosmic rav research hut says
borne use. They were designed to outperform every known They reflect a belief that the "clear that Russia probably has an edge in
similar type of instrument and they do. . . . preponderance" of oscr-all national establishing the effects of radiation on
power which was attributed to the U. S. humans because of her long lead time Here is the new high precision, corrosion-resistant
Their shunt calibration feature permits the system designer to before Sputnik 1 has given way to a feel-
in rocket research and satellite rescarcli instrument that rounds out CEC’s line of strain gage
provide— quickly and simply— a complete calibration of his data ing that "the USSR now' enjoys a
with animals- There also is a likeli- transducers to provide coverage from ground through
handling system for precise control of associated equipment. rough but effective cquisalcnce in hood that she will precede the U.S. airborne testing.
strength overall" and that the trend is manned flight itself.
Type 4-328 (square) is a low-range unit for pressure ranges of into
ads erse to the U. S. The sun css also from the use of ob- This highly accurate, highly sensitive transducer is
Russia suffen
0-15 psi through 0-99 psi absolute. Standard ranges are 0-16, concluded: solete equipment and relatively primi- the 4-350, designed for ground testing ground sup- . .
.

20, 30, 50 and 75 psi absolute. Typ® 4.329 (tubular) is a high- "The enduring prevalent image of a tive research methods in some areas port equipment for missile launch and test facilities
range unit for pressure ranges of 0-100 psi through 0-5000 psi substantial Soviet advantage in space . .
of cosmic ray research, just as she does
. . and for industrial process instrumentation.
appears to rest on a strong belief that .
absolute. Standard ranges are 0-100, 150, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, in some other scientific fields. But the
the USSR has got there ‘fustest with
2500 and 5000 psi absolute. Soviet bioastronautics program, based Its airborne counterparts are Consolidated's 4-3?8
the mostest.’ and 'niasl' is apparently
on sounding rockets up to a size that and 4-329. Because all three have an output of the
Here are some of the specifications they have common: based on a more complex calculation
in can carry a maimed capsule, has been same integrity, it is now possible to use the new 4-350
Rated electtical eidltatlon:20vil[:or:cnns: Input lirpedence: 700 ohms tnininium. than simple enumeration. N'limbet uninterrupted since 1947.
carrier freoijency 0-20 kc. apparently has not captured the public on the ground and the two lighter weight units in
In Sputnik II. Russia put the first
Output impedanc#; 350 ohms ±10»al77*F. imagination as mass, range and primaev the air without data "changing.”
Sensitcvlty: 50 mu ±0.25 mv Into a 50h living organism into orbit. In Sputnik
Shun seem to ha\c done.”
load at rated excrlatron and ITf. output: 33,270 ohms keyed across V. the second of the so-called "space- You’ll find that all three transducers have the same
negative Input and negative output pins
The tendency in the U.S. to assume craft.” she orbited and recovered two
Compensated temporatura range: a supposed scientific siipciiorih- as the general sensitivity and that most of their specifica-
at zero.appliad pressure, rated excitation, dogs. 42 rats and mice, fruit flics,
1-30 F. to -1-250 F. life-saving reed when the question of tions are the same. Features of the 4-350 emphasize
and 77'F.. produces an electrical output fungi, chlorella, seeds of corn and
Weight: 5.5 or, mas. exclusive of meting change equal to the sensrtivity within a
relative positions in space is debated
wheat, peas and onions, and a number the protective characteristics necessary in ground
electrical connector. tolerance ol ±0.355%. may also prose in the next fesx’ seats to of lesser forms of organic life. Tlie developmental activities, where test parameter
base been more of an assumption than
For more information and complete specifications, call your
satellite also carried Clocks of photo limits may not yet be fully established,
a hard fact. emulsions. Some of these were devel-
nearest CEC sales and serirjce office or write for Bulletin CEC Although published results of space fiir more iniarmotion, call your nearest CEC sales and sendee o/Bee
oped onboard and the data telemetered,
4328-X3 or 4329-X3. exploration appear to gis’e the U.S. a or write for Bulletin CEC 43S0-X2.
and some were recovered.
comfortable edge, these points must he With the newer seven-ton sputniks,
considered: Russia’s scientists have a remarkable
• U. S. docs not really knosv what that will handle
tool at their disposal

CEC
Russia has learned from her satellite almost of
all the many missions
Transducer Division and space probe experiments. .Mthough projected by her scientists during several
Transducer Division
Russia could gain considerable propa- years of spaceflight discussions.
ganda advantage by publishing all Mote and more, the statements of
CONSOLIDATED ELECTRODYNAMICS /pasadena. California scientific findings fully and immedi-
ar«l« Numbur 111 on Reoder^orrict Cord-*- CONSOLIDATED ELECTRODYNAMICS / pasadena, California
A SUBSIOIARY OF Belle-Howell - H PRODUCTS TMROUOR lUASINAVON
/) si/ss/owi?/ Of Bel! & Howell • finer products through iMACimTiON
 • SPACE TECHNOLOGY
responsible Soviet scientists have come and the recovery of its menagerie.
for research to be recognized as previews of what is
soon to be done, rather than empt\' phased
Russia has appeared to follow a
program-three earth satellites 1
and predictions dispensed for propaganda
value alone. Some examples;
in late 1957 and early 1958, aimed at
proving the feasibility of satellites and !/;
• Id Januarv' of I960, just after Russia studying the space environment around

development... had announced that she would

rockets in an area of the Pacific Ocean,
test new earth; three lunar vehicles, all in 1959;
the first three five-ton "spacecraft" in .1
Soxiet scientists said the rockets would 1960, all apparently aimed at determin-
the most versatile, be used for satellites of the moon, ing the hazards of and ways of support-

portable 16 mm
cosmic rockets with orbits "more or
close to that of
"earth
earth
satellites
Mats
that
or
arc
and retrieved." Two of the three
Venus." and
returned
less

to
ing life in orbit as well as at proving
the vehicle; .and the new seven-ton
"space platforms.”
impossible to find aiiv evidence
It is
i

/ ,
1;

'1

'! i
''%
possibililic.s ha\e become realities. that Russia intends to stand still and
motion picture There is some indication that a Mars let the U. S. catch up in booster power, ‘
shot also was planned but did not and not easy to see that the U.S.
it is .5 1 •
materialize, and there was still another is hold a scientific superiority
likely to
V..'.
camera |
prediction
A.
of the Venus shot. Prof.
Blagonravox- said earl\' last year:
when Russi.i apparently has developed
at least two types of large general-
"It is obvmus tliJl cvcrx'thing is being purpose space vehicles with vvhicli to ^ t? i: t
done so that such a ballistic flight (to broaden her exploratory ventures.
.Mars) will be possible at the end of .. 1 ^ -V 1
The Venus probe is expected to come
1960, at a time
relatively close
when Mars
distance to
will be
earth.
at a
It
within 100,000 mi, of the planet.
Russian scientists have talked often of
'

i
'
^
ARRIFLEX^IB will be in 1961 that Venus can be ap- establishing observation stations on the
proached with the greatest chance of
success."
moon and
samples Ilf
planets and of
returning
materials—and life,
A i
f
if it
S' • - __
• After the January 1960 tests, Prof. exists— from . r
T
• -
these natural bodies. . 1

Madimir V. Dobranravov said the •

L.iboiatories
tliat can crawl over the
-
"complete rocket" that would be surface another planet have been
of
launched when all tests were finished proposed and probably are being built.

r
ivDuld be "a vehicle whose goal is to Spacecraft in the two- to four-ton
transform itself into a lunar satellite weight class, that would carrv men on
or to reach other planets.” The refer-
ence to transformation apparently
two-
mentioned
or three-year flights. Iiavc been : ; i 1 I
frcriuently by Soviet scien-
i
-
meant the laimch-from-orbit technique tists. Althougfi this undoubtedly
used with Sputnik VIII. Other Rus-
is
t
further away than most experiments.
1
sian scientists wrote during this period Russia leaves the impression that it is • I
For that tire new rocket made possible something she intends to do-even-
satellites that would weigh several tually, if not in the near future.
documentation, tons and serve eventually as “transit So far Russia has said much but
instrumentation, stations" for manned flights to the apparently done little to apply the bene-
film reports, public relations,
moon and planets. Although Sputnik fits of space rescarcli in practical wavs—
Vni’s probe to Venus was* unmanned, weather forcc-asling, for example. It
r-

for every industrial and this again was an apparent reference may be that such application is
scientific application ... no to the space platform technique. Avia- planned but not discussed publicly, or
other camera does them all
tion reported at that time (Feb.
^\’EI•:K that exploration is oceupving all the
Is. 1960, p. Jl) that, "recent Soviet available resources.
as well as ARRIFLEX!
references to these large earth-orbiting Soviet have rejected the
scientists
Worlct-Jamous mirror-shutter reflex system
satellites make them sound as if thev idea, shared apjiarently hv totalitarian Strsiegy of peace through strength. Each of our armed forces is assigned a
might be launching bases for interplane- states and dcmoaacies, tliat the great The Pentomic Army
|

Precision registration mowemenl • i

different defense job. the nuclear Navy
. . . the strategic and . . .
tary rockets rather than merely neces- cost of space exploration might delay
Electric motor drive • Divergent turret a
|

sary experimental steps that must pre- development of other segments of the tactical Air Force. Each must be equipped to support the strategies of peace. Avco
Many other unique features that make
cede launching of manned rockets di- economy. Dobranravov, no doubt act- scientists, engineers, and skilled production personnel from these divisions are helping
professionai fiimirg a simple procedure
rectly from earth.” Prof. Y. Pobedonot- ing as a spokesman for the government
for the research engineer and scientist. sev of the USSR .Academv of Science which hacked the vast Soviet space produce many kinds of military material needed for a balanced defense: Avco-Everett
space commission said about the same program, said that cosmic research Research Laboratory— investigating problems
SEND COUPON TODAY! in gas dynamics and space technology:
time that a space platform had to be would pay large, tangible dividends in
established "for launching rockets to weather forecasting, radio and tele-
Electronics and Ordnance Division—communications, radar, infrared, electronic control
ARRIFLEX CORPORATION OF AMERICA
other planets." vision, application of atomic energy, systems, missile fuzing, classified ordnance: Lycoming— aircraft, marine and industrial
• Sliortly after the launching and un- and advancement of automation, in-
successful attempt to recover Sputnik strument design, radio
power plants, missile subsystems; Nashville—aircraft and missile aluminum and stain-
electronics,
IV in May of last year. Scientist V. biology and medicine. Me also vaid the less steel structures; Research and Advanced Development Division— basic and applied
Farm wrote in Izvestia that an essential "enormous political and international
for the future would be “continuous significance” must not be overlooked.
research in electronics, physical sciences, and engineering,
and thorough surveillance of all func- Russia is pursuing these advantages,
tions of animals coming back to earth and there is always a possibility that the
after along stay on artificial satellites.” gap will vviden-if not in a scientific
His observation was followed in late or practical or military wav, then in
August by the launching of Sputnik V the aiea of man’s imagination.
113
AVIATION WEEK, 5 ,
1961
 • SPACE TECHNOLOGY

Services Vie for Larger Space Role

BENDIX
G-eO COMPUTER
Expanded
as a result of the
By Ciaig Lewis
military role in tlie national space effort
Kennedv Administration 's review of
is in prospect this year
tlie program, a reap-
These protestations have not con-
cealed the actual conflict or the care-
fully planned .Air Force campaign for a
bigger space role that became apparent
praisal that sliotild produce the first realistic U. S. policy on the proper last fall and was publicly launched in

balance between inilitar\' and scientific space goals. January by .Air Research and Develop-
I'he new administration promises more vigor and better balance in the ment Commander l.t. Gen. Bernard ,A.

Sebriever. He told a Dallas meeting of

s|}ace program, but the basic |)attein of this new approach is still in the
the American .AstrnnauHc.il Societv that
formative stage. During this key planning period, the services are pushing

SPACE’ Army and

bard for a bigger, more diverse military space mission—and the
Naw ate campaigning equally hard to keep the Air Force from completely
dominating this new role.
cunent and planned civil space pro-
grams will not provide the svste’iiis
needed to use space in defending the
nation, and “the importance of satel-
lites and other space systems as cssentui]

PROGRAMMING Ilie services arc arguing that they arc in charge of the U. S. sp.ice effort and
dements of out military strength is not
fuilv apiireci.itcd.”
not permitted to explore and use space livdesignating him cliicf of the National
Gen. Sclirievcr also discussed .1 .study,
to its maximum potential for defending Space Council. The process of changing
snhscqudntly completed liy an advisory
the nation. Elimination of the U-2 as a the space law to permit this arrange-
group headed bv Trevor Gardner, presi-
reconnaissance system and the recent ment has dclavcd Johnson’s organiza-
dent of Ilycon Mfg. Corp., designed to
demonstration with Sputnik VIII th.it tion of hisworking team .ind obscured
present an "uninhibited" view of mili-
the Soviets can launch an object from the tvpe and
stvle of power he will
tary’ programs required for adequate use
orbit— combined with the neu' political wield. key factor will be whether
,A
of spec. .Although prepared for tlic
climate— arc prime factors encouraging Johnson will sustain a consistent high
-Ait Force, this report vvil! be available
•111 expanded military space effort. levelof interest in .sjjace among his
to the National Aeronautics ,ind Space
manv other government interests.
Shift In Policy The Vice President has enmmented
The current situation represents a that “the Defense Department has a
BOEING DYNA-SOAR MODEL
'wing of the poliev pendulum back from verv definite role and function in the
GIVES YOU DOWN-TO-EARTH RESULTS the poliev against anv major militarv
participation in the national space effort
field,

act
which we recognized in the sp.ice
itself,and wc must look to the
that set in during the hectic vear after services for leadership in space work.”
SPACE— the Bendix G-20 Automatic Programming “package'’— sets new standards for
Sputnik went A space studv task force headed by
I into orbit. 1'his was
ease of use, power and efficiency. Designed in concert with the G-20 computer system, piirtially a reaction to the bitter inter- Dr. Jerome B. AV'iesncr, White House
SPACE is complemented by numerous advanced equipment features. Here are the auto- service warfare that broke out over the science adviser, reached similar conclu-
dominant space role, and partiallv a sions in a report to tlie President. This
matic programming methods which form an integral part of SPACE ... and Bendix G-20
symptom of the fact that few officials group specifically urged more attention
systems, large or small: on the poliev lev el really understood the tn the militarv role and recommended
impact of the dawning space age and that one of the sen’ices be given respon-
SPAR— Symbolic Assembly Programming. Allows the programmer to maintain direct its military potential. sibility for all militarv space develop-
control over all G-20 operations. Provides the efficiency of machine language program- the .Adv anced Research Projects
Eirst. ment work. Tlie -Air Eorce, whim
ming without the complexities. .\gcncv'was established as the Pentagon already has responsibilitv for 9196 of
space agenev and absorbed all the serv- the Defense Department space effort,
ALCOM— an Algebraic Compiler based on the international notation of ALGOL. Easy-
ices' important space programs. Then would he the obvious choice for this
the National .Aeronautics and Space .Ad- assignment.
to-use ALCOM permits the statement of scientific problems in natural mathematical
ministration was formed late in 1958,
language . . . simplifies and speeds problem solving. and the Eisenhower .Administration
Coordination Attempt
quickly developed a firm poliev' of shift- Both Johnson and the Wiesner report
COBOL— Common Business Oriented Language permits statement of data processing ing to N-AS.A nearly all .space svstems favor a better balance and better co-
problems in natural business language for high speed computer solution , . . makes flex- and projects. Each service was leftwith ordination between civilian and military
a carefully limited area—boosters and space efforts. The space act made an
ible use of alphabetic, decimal, and special characters.
reconnaissance and earlv warning satel- attempt to provide coordination with
Committee,
EXECUTIVE— provides automatic program scheduling and component assignment lites for the .Air Force, navigation satel- the Civil-Military Liaison
lies for the Xavv, communications satel- an ineffectual group that withered and
...permits maximum-efficiency in parallel processing and utilization of components. finallv ceased to operate last year.
lites for the -Army.
There have been small scale invasions Tills committee was replaced by the
See for yourself how SPACE... combined with outstanding equipment capabilities... and .Astronautics Coordi-
of military areas during the pa.st year. .Aeronautics
has put the G-20 iii a class by itself. Investigate today. For your copy of "Introduction to NAS.A decided it needed a space medi- nation Board, wliicli provides stronger,
cine capability of own and organized higher level coordination through the
G-20 Programming Systems, " write, wire or call: its

to move into this area formetlv handled leadership of its co-cliairmcii-N.AS,A

cntircivhv the services. I-ate in 1960. Deputv .Administrator Dr. Hugh L. Dry-
the space agency decided to work on elen and the Defense Director of Re-
active communications satellites, al- search and Engineering, Dr. Herbert F.

Bendix Computer Division though in an orbital area lower than York. Top space agency and Pentagon
the .Army plans to use. officials argue that this group lias
President Kennedv has sought to give effected a high degree of agreement and
the ptoOTin top political leadership by cooperation between military and civil-
putting Vice President Lyndon Johnson ian groups and that little conflict exists.
• SPACE TECHNOLOGY • SPACE TECHNOLOGY
Council and undoulJicdly would be use- that would take off under its own will all three services participating in
work, and General Electric and Martin
ful in planning a larger militar; mission power, then orbit while scooping in the program. The Navy made an
are designing alternate methods of
-.111(1 larger share of for USA!''. oxygen and compressing it to liquid abortive effort in this direction in the
returning the vehicle to earth. USAK
.1 it

The Air l''orce had a broad, diverse form for use as fuel in space, summer of 1959, and still favors it.
also decided to launch Project Saint,
space system development plan laid out US.\!', like- the Navy, wants to month, the Chief of Research
Last
with Radio Corp. of America as prime
last fall as it prepared to contest civilian join N.AS.A in inv.iding the Army's and Development, Lt. Gen. Arthur C-
contractor, to develop a satellite inter-
domination of spite. It includes .such communications satellite preserve. Csar Trudeau, told the House space com-
ceptor svstem.
concepts as orbital bombcTS in the is a study project aimed at developing mittee that military use of space is “too
•Air Force has launched two Samos
Positive Control Boinb.irdment System, satellites and a ground s'stem for this vital tobe entrusted to any one service,
satellite test vehicles. The first vvas un-
anti-inissilc satellites such as Spad, purpose. Air l''orcc also has bolstered but should come within tlie jurisdiction
successful. but the second went into
Random Barrage and In.satrac. and its biodstronautics capability, consoli- of centralized military control at the
orbit in January. Similarly, the initial
logistical systems such as Smart. Tlie dating all its space medicine efforts un- Department of Defense level, separate
Midas infrared early warning satellite
program also includes new launch der a single .ARDC coordinator. from the services.'' Trudeau was joined
test vehicle launch failed, while the
vehicles under Project Phoenix and new 'llie .Armv and Navv hope to counter bv- Richard S. Morse, assistant Army
second launch was successful. Sig-
manncti spacccr.ifl concepts such as Ait force domination of the s|wcc effort secretary for research and development,
nific.int advances, including the first
.Aerospace Plane, a vehicle under study by pronrotiiig a joint space command, in warning against duplication of pro-
rccovcrv from orbit, were made during
grams. especially in the communica-
the past vear in tlie Discoverer program,
tions satellite area.
which contributes information to the
Along with its Advent program,
Samos and Midas projects. NAS.A's '
vvhicli to produce a system of satel-

SDLLMAN
lites in
is

stationary 22,300 mi. orbits, the

•Army is interested in geodetic, rccon-
two successful Tiros weatlicr
laiinclies last vear also
satellite
contributed
HI 4': '
V .

PERMADIZED SEALS somewhat rudimentarv confirmation of

Unncelted Qiasi4ta1rcsnlin£ of fluids
n.iissance and surveillance satellites to
the feasibility of orbital recoiinaiisancc.

ZJ liclpit perform its earth-bound mission.

.Armv also is continuing to make a

strong effort to get if.s Kike Zeus anti-
ICBM system in production.
llic N'avT would like to add a variety
Manned Space Vehicles
W'hile work proceeds on these un-
manned svstems. the Air Force is work-
ing on manned space vehicles as design
of svstems to its space prognmi in addi-
and development work progresses On
I tion to the current Transit effort.
SEALING H
STILL-SEAL BASKETS
bonded gaskets fo
Rubtier.to.iiietol
Primary
four-stage,
among
solid
these
fuel
is Sea Scout, a

rocket composed
Dyna-Soar. US.AF recently decided to
switch from Titan I to the more
powerful Titan II to boost this hyper-
SPECIALISTS deamtMild Itak-proof sealing, at big Ilf two Polaris stages
Scout upper stages. It would be used
and two NAS.A
sonic glider on its initial iininamicd
suborbital flights in 1964.
for sea faunch to lend flexibility to
FOR THE AIRCRAFT AND current launching capabilities tied to
Here is last year's progress in flight
MISSILE INDUSTRIES testing the Discoverer. Transit and
fixed sites.
Courier-Advent vehicles;
Navv also is interested in having its
• Discoverer, After a series of problems
own communications satellite, and it
were solved, the first capsule was re-
is stiidving the Project Yo-Yo single
covered last August from Discoverer
pass reconnaissance satellite, the Project
XIII. First air catch was made with
Rcnae weather satellite and the Project
the Discoverer XIV capsule. Discovaer
Skipper vertical probe for placing a
cloud of small shot in space to destrov'
XX and XXI were launched last month
within a 22-hr. period. Discoverer XX
a satellite.
capsule failed to re-enter after four
.As the current milit.iry space pro-
earlier successful recoveries. Discoverer
grams have moved along. .ARPA's role
has diminished to the point where now
XXI flight, which measured infrared

it is actually an advanced research

radiation for use in the Midas program,
marked the first successful restart of the
THE MOSTADVANCED POWER
agcnci'. Discoverer. Midas and Samos
programs were transferred to US.AP
Agena B second stage engine in orbit. CONVERSION JOB YET ATTEMPTED
• Transit. This program has had two
management over a year ago, Transit Shown here is a simplified block diagram of the unique Integrated power
launch failures and has put three
moved from ARPA to the Navy last Transit I-B was conversion system now being designed and manufactured by ITT for the
satellites in orbit.
Mav, and the Courier-Advent com- Project Ranger moon probe, built tor NASA by Jet Propulsion Labora-
launched in .April and Transit II-.A in
munications satellite pre^am was
Juno. Data from these satellites indi- tories. The over-all system provides 27 different DC and AC outputs at
shifted to Army management in
cates the Navy will be able to reach its several discreet voltages, currents and frequencies ... using ground,
September.
oal of 0.5 mi. accuracy witli tlie solar cell and battery power sources.
Since then, Spasm and Spacetrack
f'ransit navigation svstem. Transit
have been transferred to Continental launched month and Totalpower capability such as this— for conversion, inversion, regulation
III-B was last
.Air Defense Command to integrate and control— is readily available from ITT to solve your toughest power
apparently failed to separate from the
satellite detection and identification problems. Contact your ITT representative, or write for File AW-1 368-2.
second rocket stage. Navy said it still
with other Conad aerospace defense
obtained valuable data. The second
functions.
and third Transits carried piggv-back
As elimination of the U-2 made
satellites which conducted separate
alternate methods of reconnaissance
experiments in space.
more important, the Samos program • fcouriet-Advent. Launch of the first
was accelerated last year. Tire Air Force

ITT
Courier satellite, initial test vehicle for
also decided to launch an alternate Industrial Products Division
the Advent svstem, failed in August-
approach to the reconnaissance satellite Courier IB vviis launched in October
concept and awarded contracts for the
and provided the Army with data on
advanced E-6 satellite. Eastman Kodak
its voice and teletype relay svstems
is doing the photo intelligence system
during its 18-day transmission life.

116 AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961

AVIATION (, March 13, 1961
• SPACE TECHNOLOGY

Booster Limitations Delay U. S. in Space

By Edward H. Kolcum frequent interagency bickerings which
always follow surrender of missions to
a new agency.
Washington—Dynamic U. S. space objectives continue to be hobbled
It is apparent that Vice President
by the long process of developing more powerful and more reliable launch Lyndon B. Johnson has been granted
vehicles which can transport men and advanced instruments on lunar and his wish to become a primary partici-
planetary missions. pant in the tough decision-making
Dozens of study and development programs are under way to overcome processes in the space program, and be-
cause of his han^ in writing the 1958
the U. S. deficiency in propulsion, but it is unUkcly that long-range mission
Space Act it is unlikely that civilian
goals can be acceicraled much before 1965 since the country cannot boy
domination of the space program will
back the years it lost in booster development after World War II.
suffer. Both civilian and military pro-
Altliough the National Aeronautics oriented, polar-orbiting Nimbus, sched- gram however, look to John-
officials,
and Space Administration’s long-range uled for its first launch in about a year. son to provide more sympathetic top-
program has been criticized as reflect- The stationary-orbiting Aeros, which level support,and to back some of the
ing a lack of urgency, the program can only six montfis ago was on the long- hard decisions needed to provide rapid
move no faster than development of its range plan for launch in 1964, will not advancement of space objectives.
lanncli vehicles allows. The highly receive funds in the cunent fiscal year Under pending legislation, the Vice
important multi-ton payloads which and does not now appear in the long- President would replace the President
will bring practical scientific and range plan. as chairman of the Space Council, a
propaganda returns to the U. S. must top-level decision-making body which
await development and qualification of
Lunar Landing never was used in the Eisenhovser Ad-
Centaur, Saturn, Nova and Rover, or Successful weather and communica- ministration- Work of the Space
possibly an early breakthrough in large tions satellites arc seen as readily attain- Council had been carried out in a large
solids or hybrids. able ptaotical applications of the space part by the Spec subcommittee of the
Manv payloads for these vehicles— to medium, but, from a psychological Operations Coordinating Board, and
study the earth’s environment, the sun, standpoint, manned lunar landing is by the N.^SA administrator. OCB
stars,universe and man's ability to be consiaered the ultimate reachable goal last month was abolished bv President
useful in space—have been selected, but during this decade. Defense Depart- Kennedy, and whether upper stages would be the same as C-1. complete program for Calendar 1961
million lb. thrust booster,
development of payload components ment has said if it were given the mis- The dvilian space program must the best course is assembly and l.iimch Pavload cap.ibihtv would l>c about callsfor 56 major launches. iiicludinB
is on a forced stretch.out so that payload sion, it could accomplish a manned continue to be responsive to the in- from orbit, or direct launch with super double C-1. he C-5 is a possible -Nova
I 16 Project Mcrcurv devclopnieiit and
and booster will be ready simultaneously lunar landing in 1967. NASA last fluence of the congressional space boosters- allematise. using a niidcar upper-stage manned flights; eight vehicle deielop-
for flight. year set 1970 as its goal for this pro- committees, which more than any I'hese arc hoUlovcr decisions which meiit tests of Scout, Centaur and
Charges that the booster effort lacks gram, however, the agency has revised other groups reflect the country's could become more costlv the longer • Centaur, ssliich luiglit well lie the Saturn; four probes; one weather tc-
urgency have come from industry. it to ’’post-1970” in the* most recent attitude on the prestige value of spee lliLV are dcliycd. uorkhor.se for unmanned niivsions. searcli satellite, and seven scientific
Congress and the Air Force, and it is long-range plan. successes. I’hc onh concrete Nova conception N'ehicle could duplicate the recent .satellite's.

possible that a new national booster Acceleration of the manned lunar Program acceleration, to attain these for the follow-on toS.itum is based on Soviet Venus probe bv carrving 1.450 The Mercurs- program is scheduled
agency will be sought this year to man- exploration program, the booster pro- successes earlier than now are planned, till' engine, and this prograni un-
l‘-l 11). into a X'eiius or'Mars' flybs. It to liavc nine .\tlas. six Redstone and
age both military and civilian launch gram and other research areas which depends not only on money and the iloubtcdlv could be accdcratcil with also can earn' S.iOfl lb. into a sOD-mi. one Little Joe launch, with seseral
vehicle programs. For some projects, will bring practical and psychological best use of talent, but on these im- more monev. The Saturn C-5 could e.irth orbit. It uses a standard .'\tla.s first Redstoncs to cam' pilots on liillistic
such as the first Saturn, the course for benefits depends on a sizable change in mediate top-le\el decisions; liccomc Nova, but only preliminary sf.igi .uul hidnigcn-oxvgcn second flights, and several .\tlav-biiostcd
development is set. But added funding the attitude of the White House. • Validity of manned space flight and work is under iiav on this conception. stage. Rating of the 1 5,000 lb. Pratt manned orbital flights.
could advance some liter launch Under fhe Eisenhower Administration, level of support for the Apollo multi- Ilic F'-l engine, which wav static &• W’hitncv XI.RII5 engine is being
vehicle oper.itional dates and increase the attitude on space was one of re- man spacecraft program. 17.500 lb. both
First Saturn Launch
te'sted at full power last month, is not increased to for
production rates of vehicles already luctant acceptance, and there was re- • Nova concept, i.c.. whether it will be •.tliednlcd for flight test until 1965. Centaur ,md Saturn. Launch sehicle development twts
developed, with the result that manv even recognize the
fusal to arbitrate or based on the Saturn or the F-1 1.5 • Scout, to be used for light (150-200 this year include one shot of the Saturn
scientific missions could be accelerated. Future Boosters lb.) satellites. Deiclupmcnt program of booster with dummy upper st.iges,
or smiplicitv and flexibility, eiglit l.iunclies for tliis all-solid vehicle three Centaur launches with uns]icci-
Wait for Boosters NASA'S Planned Major Vehicle Launchings
I

on scheduled for compktiou this year. fied payloads, and font Scout satellite
plans to base its l.mnch vehicles five is
last development of applications elasses after 1965. one-half the number I.ast nioiitli it flew its first satellite humclics. Scout ivi1l He launclied in
satellites is tied closely to launch vehicle Ilf classes to be launched this year. Post qualification flight hv launching a 12-ft. allfour quarters. Centaur tests will be
production, ’fhe relay active com- 1965 liuncli scbiclcs will be: inflatable sphere. made in each of the last three quarters,
munications satellite program, for ex- • Saturn, which will use the s.nnc 11-1 • .\gena sc^iiclcs, using Thor and .-Itbs and Saturn in the third quarter, iiiidcr
ample. must await Delta vehicle avail- clihtered configuration for the C-1, boosters, to bridge the weight gap be-
ability. which is not expected until C-I and po.ssibls C-5 configurations. tween Scout and Centaur. In aidition to the Ranger space-
May, 1962. The multiple-sphere Re- Ihe initial three-stage S.itum C-I has • Nova, which is being conceived as craft tests, which base payload designa-
bound passive communications pay- the IM cluster for booster, four Pratt cap.iblc of placing 1 50 tons in a low tions P52 and P55. other N.AS:\ prolies
load, based on a stiffened Echo satellite, eV Whitney 17.500-lb.-tlnust hydro- earth orbit, 50 tons in a 24-lir. orbit, fhis r ear will he:
must await delivery of its Atlas Agena gen-ox\gtn engines clustered as the and 50 tons on the moon. There • Ictcetron densitv; Scout will launch
B vehicle in tire spring of 1965 for second stage, and two of these engines appears to be a considerable effort to a ! 00-lb. package from Wallops Isl.md
launch. ,!s tliird stage. It svill be able to put base Nova on Saturn, peril, i|)s svith a to .1 6,00(5-mi. altitude to measure the
Only one applications satellite is Ifl tons into a low orbit, 5 tons on an nuclear upper stage, and use the tech- electron densitvprofile and to study
scheduled launch this year, the
for inlerplanetarv trajcctorv, and 1-2 tons nique of rcndczious and assembly in r.idif) tr.nismission at apogee. Payload
third Tiros, This weather satellite will on liic moon on a soft landing. The orbit, and launcli from orbit. is designated P21
be essentially the same as Tiros II. C-2 will be a configuration in which a Heaviest pajloads to be laimclicd this • Rubidium vajsot inamctomctcr;
Most of the $28.2 million allotcd for eluster of four 200,000-lb--thtust i-ear by X.4S.\ will be the Ranger lunar 70-lb. package to be launclied from
Fiscal 1962 for weather satellites will hvdrogen-oxygcn engines would be in- orbiters, neighing about 650 lb., and Atlantic Missile Range to an apogee
be spent on development of the earth- serted as tlic second stage, and the boosted by ,^tlas .\geiia 15, llic agenci’s of 120.000 ini„ by Delta. ’I'he

AVIATION WEEK, March 13, 1961 AVIATION WEEK, 13,

 • SPACE TECHNOLOGY
NEW DEPARTURES IN fS/tlNIATURE rubidium m.ignptnmetcr will detect
weaker magnetic fields than instruments
[stciiously laiincheil.
• Atmosplicric structures; ,A 570-lb.
Delta payload designer! to make the example-..
.A flnxgdtc mag- first detailed studies of the density,
nctometer will record direction of eompositioii, pressure .and temperature
magnetic fields, .iiid a plasma sensor of the upper .itniospherc. It is desig-
n'ill measure the flux of low cnergv
|),irtidcs. Probe is designated P14.
The two R.inecr tests are expected
n.ited S6 ,ind will he designed
from 125-650 mi.
to orbit
FIBERITE
to snhst.inti.ite the basic sjiacecraft de- Sounding Launches
INSULATION
sign, and will carry sensors for solar Comple'nicnting experiments of tliesc
radiation, a magnetonieter and a Lvinan- 56 major l ehiclc Tamiches will be more AT WORK
alpli.i detector which will prosidc dat.i tb.m 100 cx|)crimcnts boosted bv rock-
on tlie In-drogcn cloud surrounding the ets for scientific
IN
aiiel space flight
earth. If design data is snh.st.inti.ited. meeh.iiiics experiments. 'Hie scientific
Iminr hard landing Rangers s, 4. and 5 smmdiug ruckefs are to study atmos- POLARIS
will be scheduled for launch during the phere composition and pressure, iippe'r
first Six months of next sear. .itniosplieric wind acti\-its’, cloud cover,
Scientific satellites planned this year ionosphere, energetic particles, neutrons
include the Scout air densits- dr.ig. and ultr.n-iolct raduition of stars.
Juno ionospheric beacon ,ind funo S:rtellitc. probe and manned space
g.miina ray astronomy experniients, all flight effort mcrsluidows the bro.id
scheduled to li.nc been launched dur- N’.AS.A work in advanced research pro-
ing the first quarter. Rcinaiiiing satel- grams under way at the Langlay
lites in 196! arc: .Ames and f.cwis Centers and the Might
• Microiiieteoritc liazaiid; 112-lb. Research Center at Edwards .AM5,
payload, to be launched by Scout from Calif. These centers art ssorking on
Wallops Isi.indduring the second problems associated with ;icrodynamics
quarter. Major instruments for this and flight mechanics, propulsion and
satellite, dcsimiatcd S55. will he detec- power generation and structures and
tors to get basic data on liaz.irds of materials in these areas;
inicromcteoritcs. Tempera lures and • Manned airenift; Right efficiency;
accelerations will be determined hv stability; control; aerodynamic heating;
an.xiiiary instruments. .Although data is inlets and exits; high temperature ma-
basic, it ss'ill he iisctl iinmediatclv to terials: aeroclasticity and vibrations, and
eslahli.sli structural design parameters gusts and loads.
for the Snap .S radiator. I.aneiev and • Mixsilc and launch vehicles: guid-
i.enis Research Centers and Goddard ance; stability and control; maneuver-
Sp.ice Might Center arc dcicloping ability; acrodsnamic heating; com-
sensor experiments for the satellite bustion stability; high-cnerg\- fuels;
Langley’s e.xperiment is 160 pressure base licating; nozzles; pumps and tur-
cylinders niaclc of four different metal bines: nuclear engines; high tempera- 00*^0*
gages. I’cnetration of a n-all would be ture materials; heat sints; ablation;
measured h\' escaping gas. The Lewis structural efficieiiw; acroelasticitv; silira-
experiment consists nf a scries <if gold The development of special
tion; noise, and load.
grids protected by satying thicknesses • Spacecraft; Rc-entrv configurations;
Fiberite MX 2630A formula-
tions reduce char depth of
nf stainless steel, and each break will heat transfer;
sLibility and control; graphiie reinforced phenolic
he measured- Goddard has devised a l.iiiding ,md rccoicrv; attitude eontrol; molded insulations up lo 70%,
scries of cards wound with lasers of guidance and nasigalion; chemical, thus permitting the use of
fine wires. K'hich will be broken under electrical and nuclear rockets; chemical, these materials in more critical
meteorite impact load. Satellite will solar and nuclear power generators; hot solid propellant rocket motors.
orbit from 280-740 mi. structures; thermal protection; ma- Cut-away sections above
• Orbiting solar obscrv.itors: .\ >s0-lb.
ULTRA-CLEAN INCUBATORS FOR M/V BALL BEARINGS Dcit.i p.iyloael designed to measure solar
tcrkils
radiation
ill sp.icc;
sliiclding,
exp.indable structures;
,ind high speed
illustrate reduction of char
depth by utilizing Fiberite
N/D‘S NEW WHITE ROOM PROVIDES ULTRA-CLEAN ENVIRONMENT FOR M/I BALL BEARING ASSEMBLY elccfrnniagnctic nidiation absorbed by molding material.
the earth's atmosphere. Payload S16. Basic research svill continue in the
N/D announces a new White Room at Sandusky, Ohio incorporating the latest technological the (ISO. ssill he solar oriented and priipcrties of high temperature giscs, EXPLORE FIBERITE
advances available today. This new room provides a virtually dust-free atmosphere so neces- programed for a 260-ini. circular orbit. realgis effects and chemical kinetics,
sary for the production of Miniature and Instrument Ball Bearings of high I'ixperiments svill be an X-ra\ sjjcctto- low density gas ds-namics, magneto gas
reliability.
graph, I.yman-alpha sijectromctcr. low dynaniics and plasma phvsics, and space
Environmentalcontrols within the room hold temperature to plusormlnusT. .. with maximum .imi high energy gamma riiy detectors,
relative humidity only 40%. Final air filtration into room removes particles larger than 3/10 ultras iolct and X-ra\’ detectors, and a AA’ith the broad research program
micron. A complete air change Is made every three minutes. All authorized personnel enter- series of sensors to determine the effects has come a requirement for added
ing the room are thoroughly bathed by air showers in two successive deduster chambers. of space on materials. hypcnonic facilities, and N'.AS.A hopes
• Radiation belts; .An 82-lb. Delta pas- by next year to base a scries of test
You can benefit from New Departure's 25 years of experience in M/I ball bear- load whicli will contain sophisticated facilities able to simulate Mach num-
ing production by calling your nearby N/D Sales Engineer. Or write Department instruments m 10 experiments to ob- bers up to 20, with lO.OOOF stagna-
L.S., New Departure, Division of General Motors Corporation, Bristol, Conn. t.iin refined dat.i on energetic particles. tion tempcraturcs-
Designated S8, the satellite will orbit In .iddition to spaccaaft, aircraft and

IVIEW r
E
M N AX URE ANDCDINSXRUfVlENT
I
FRT- LJ FR E
BALL BEARINGS
met a highly elliptical path— 150 to
40,000 mi.— to detect and determine
high and low energy particle number,
direction and flux.
missile engineering,
ing
a new
se-arch
its life

rcse.ircli

Center.
NAS.A
sciences program by forming
facility at
is

Ames
expand-

Re-

AVIATION WEEK, March 13, 1961

Performance is the test of Space Technology Leadership
The experience and creativity of Space Technology Laboratories in the field of space systems — both military and civilian — are

documented In this record of accomplishment: Responsibility since 1954 for the over-all systems engineering and technical

direction for the Atlas, Thor, Titan, and Minuteman elements of the U. S. Air Force ballistic missile program, and in such advanced

space projects as Score, Tiros I, Transit IB, and Mercury. Conduct of vehicle re-entry projects and the Pioneer I, Explorer VI, and

Pioneer V advanced space probes on behalf of the Air Force, Advanced Research Projects Agency, and Nabonal Aeronautics and

Space Administration. Contributions to these projects included design, fabrication, and Instrumentation of spacecraft; over-all

systems engineering and technical direction; direction of launch and tracking; and data reduction and analysis • This perform-
ance demonstrates the STL creative flexibility to anticipate and initiate responses to the space challenge. To discharge its growing

responsibility in Space Technology Leadership, STL is now broadening the scope of its activities. Resumes and inquiries concern-

ing opportunities with STL are Invited from outstanding scientists and engineers, and will receive meticulous attention.

USAF-BOEING MINUTEMAN «iliri |iin[>dLiiil ICRM » vliovii on Lmiicliiiiq pad at Cu|x.' Cunavcml.

Missiles
122
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1941 123
 • MISSILES

Service Use Modifies Missile Concepts

By Russell Hawkes War Order has included Atlas since
November, 2959. The first success-
Accumulation of military experience with missiles has begun to exert ful flight of an operational version was
more influence on the design of thcii successors and is beginning to produce in September, 1959. The number ac-
some new patterns of military administration. tually in position to fire at Warren
These patterns arc part of the complex process by which missiles eventually AFB and Vandenberg AFB and assigned
to targets is estimated to be about 20.
willbecome a tightly integrated, workaday part of the military inventory like
The learning process now going on in
airplanes, artillery and ships.
SAC Atlas-equipped units will be han-
Purdy technical factors must get Project Golden Ram was therefore dled on to later programs and will
first consideration and sound military csbblislicd bv BMD, SAC and Convair improve their efficiency without the
and logistic principles sometimes must to reevaluate all phases of checkout and necessity of so much trial-and-error de-
he compromised to get tlie first gen- to incorporate in the operational IBM- velopment.
eration of a new family of weapons card automated checkout system those
on the firing line. Now. as U.S. mis- research and development techniques Automated Supply
siles gradually emerge from the status and procedures which Convair crews A case in point is the Advanced
of recent insentions, one of the first had learned and performed manually at Logistic System (ALS), a liighlv auto-
logical progressions is that they be the Cape. mated system to record spare parts
gir en the military virtue of mobility. For example, a high-pressure valve usage and feed replacement spares into
stuck in the open position would give a the logistic pipeline to maintain the
Logistic Efficiency
no-go signal on the automated check- correct spare parts stock levels in the
A simultaneous and equally impor- out system and the test would cither various supplv echelons. The system
tant trendthe growing ease anti
is have to be recycled or postponed. Con- isto support all the missiles, aircraft and
efficiency with which the military ser\- vair crews had learned to cope with this other equipment in the Air Force
ices supply, m.nintain and use missiles. situation immediately, with very little after a service test program in which
Logistic support for weapons as large loss in countdown rime, by suddenly it will liandle tivc spares flow to Atlas,
and complex as ballistic missiles is as droping and then sharply raising pres- Thor and Titan squadrons. Samos and
much a development problem as the sure to slam the valve shut- Under Midas units and Bomarc interceptor
design of the missiles themselves and Golden Ram. this manual R& D proce- air breathing missile squadrons-
requires much of the same sort of trial dure has been included on a punched Of these missiles. Atlas is perhaps
and error learning. card for tlie oper.itional system. the most representative of tlic ap-
A few key missile programs illustrate Strategic Ait Command's Emergency proaching lopstic problem and was
the development of these trends:
• USAF-Convair SM-65-A Atlas in-
tercontinental ballistic missile.
• Navy-Lockhced Polaris fleet ballistic
missile.
• USAF-Douglas GAM-87A Skybolt
air launched ballistic missile.
• Navy-Bendix Eagle long range air-

to-air missile.
• USAF-Bocing Miniitcman ICBM.
Atlas is especiallv significant as the
product of the earliest U. S. long
range ballistic missile program and as

LARGE. .SMALL .
tire first ICBM to reach combat-ready
status. Along with the Douglas Tlior
intermediate range ballistic missile,
it provides the main source of actual

From the very large to the very small, Raytheon spans smaller than a grain of rice. Year after year it precisely experience with such missiles upon
the electronic spectrum which the opemtiona! and logistic
. . . regulates the pulse that keeps this unique timepiece
echelons of US.AF must base develop-
This huge radar sentry can detect speeding aircraft or humming with unbelievable accuracy. ment of administrative methods.
missiles hundrcdsof miles away. Developed by Raytheon The giant radar system and the tiny transistor are In 77 launches since the first in
June. l<3?7. Atlas has a score of 51
for the U.S. Air Force, its complex electronic system only two of a broad range of Raytheon products. You successes. 19 partial successes and 7
gives early warning of attack, affords precious time to find Raytheon electronics work almost everywhere
at fiiilurcs. according to the official Air
take effective countermeasures. — strengthening our defenses, making industry more Force
flights
classification.
have
Of the total. 7
been called operational.
Vital to the operation of an amazing new electronic efficient, increasing our comforts, and extending the One of these was a failure and one
wrist timepiece by Bulova is a Raytheon transistor scope of our knowledge. other was partiallv successful.
Initiation of .Atlas missile crew train-

RAYTHEON COMPANY ing at

to
Vandenberg .Ah'B soon revealed
USAFand Convair that automatic
check-out equipment and procedures,
although technically conect, could not
LEXINGTON. MASSACHUSETTS handle all possible situations arising dur-
ing a countdown.

AVIATION WEEK, March 13, 1961

 • MISSILES

closclv watched bv S-\C, Ait Materiel was found that no bottom cost level
Command .intI the Ballistic Missile below which repair is uneconomical had
Ois ision of .Ait Research and Develop- ever been determined for .Atlas.
ment Command. Under the .Advanced After some study, the committee de-
Logistic System, all supply
Atlas transac- cided that anv part or component with
tions arc to be reported to an IBM a value of less than SlOf) should be
"Os digitiil computer in the head- thrown away rather than repaired. Onls'
quarters of the San Bernardino Air Ma- two components costing less than tli.it
teriel .Area at Norton ,AFB. Calif., and could be repaired for less than their
the computer is to order the appro- initial costs. This eliminated l."00
priate components from .AMC's logis- items from the list nf 8,100 rccos'crahle
tic system. Tlie computer is to pro- components.
side centralized control of line items Bv eliminating the component parts
ssithmore than 76,000 separate stock of these 1,700, the list of 76.000 line
numbers for .Atlases up to and including items is expected to be reduced by half
the E model. and so will the cost of stocking them.
The computer can only do arithmetic For items costing mote than SI 00,
and has to he supplied with assumed the committee went through the list
failure rates on wliich to base the pur- item-hy-item to decide which should be
ch.ise of spares. Purpose of the missile repaired and wliich should he replaced.
sistcm's deselopinen t program was to A few rare-failurc items were gi'cn tlic
iron out repeatable and frequent fail- double insurance of rcpairability and
ures, and consequently most of the spares stocks. In gencr.il, USAE will

assumptions had to be made about rate plan to repair any component costing
and random esents. Because of the more than 5400.
practice of concurrent deselopmcnt,
Polaris and Mobility
the assumed failure rates had to be ad-
justed every time a ness- fix was cranked Tlic Lockheed Polatis two-stage solid-
into the svstcni deselopmcnt program. propellant fleet ballistic missile g.iiiis
Some failure rate, however loss', ssas special significance from two facts; it
assumed for eacli of the 76,000 line was the first long-range ballistic missile
items wliich had to be stocked. The to be launched from .i mobile, easily
risk of hasing tlic massisc Atlas pro- concealed ichiclc and it has reached
gram halted bv a single failure could operational status and joined the re-
not be accepted. taliatory force in an extremely short
time. The first three Pohiris-catTying
Too Many Spares submarines hai'C jnined the fleet, mak-
•As it turned out, far too many spare ing a total of 48 Polaris A1 missiles
jiarts were bniigbt. Machinery was set with a range of 1,200 mi. available for
in motion to correct the assumptions launch against the enemy if war were
used bs- tlic automated system, and

S.\C 1st Ballistic Missile Dis'ision offi- Rear .Adm. Raborn. head of
W'illiaiii

cers miss- report that it will be operating the Special Projects Office which de-
more accutatcls' bs Mav. veloped the Polaris svstem. said that the
US-AE logistic experts realized that if 1.70D-mi. Polaris .A2 «ill reach opera-
the failure rates for all 76,000 items tional status in spring of 1962 and the

Philco Achievements Mcrc .iddcd, the nile of failures in the

total weapon system would lie so liigh
that not a single missile could ever
2, 500-mi.
TTic
A1 will be ready by 1964.
first five George M'ashington class

submarines will have to be retiibed to

in Space Technology be ill condition

to launch.
cinh' about S.OOO line items
used and probably less tlian
To
lias'c
date,
been
1,000 of
launch the slightlv longer .A2 and
missiles but Raborn called it a rclativclv
minor operation and said it could be
these liave been called for more than done in one of the regular periodic yard
Philco has made many major contributions to the the ECHO In the field of human factors
satellite. overhauls given to naval vessels. All
ration’s vital space programs. COURIER, the world’s engineering, Philco has developed personnel subsystems •Aside from the cost nf the overpnr- submarines after the fifth will be ca]ja-
first advanced communications satellite, was designed for several major space projects. Philco also produces chase, the cost of administration for a blc of launching any Polaris without
and built by Philco. Philco played a major role in the the world's largest 3-axis satellite tracking antennas. l.itgc stockpile would base been con- modification.
development and installation of the complex com- siderable. US.AE officers estimate it
9,000-Ml. ATIAS .As the first long-range, sohd-propel-
These achievements are dramatic evidence of Philco’s and the first of the
munications, command, tracking and data systems for costs SI60 per vear to keep a line item lant ballistic missile
ability to integrate its extensive resources to the design breed to be teamed with a mobile
the DISCOVERER program. Space-borne and ground stocked in the field and SllO per year parts or components on .Atlas missiles
and production of the most sophisticated electronic launching vehicle, Polaris has attracted
communications systems for MIDAS and other satel- to stock it at maintenance depots. It were classed as recoserablc or repair-
systems. For capacity, facilities and experience in would liavc cost an estimated S12 mil- able. Tlic 76,000 line items are the much interest as a potential moliilc
lites have been Philco designed. Philco developed and
space technology, look to the leader look to Philco.
. . .
lion a vear to keep tlic 76.000 line pieces needed to repair the 8.100 re- land-based weapon for N.ATO forces. It
installed the tracking and receiving systems for the
items necessars- to support the 1 1 0 .Atlas co'erabic components. The cost of has also been suggested that cargo ves-
Air Force Passive Satellite Relay Link, which utilizes
missiles which eventual!' will rcacli technical data manuals for the 8,100 sels be armed with Polaris and dis-

status. WTicn the problem is about 5200 per page. Tlic commit- guised as merchant ships, but the cruiser

PHILCO
iipcr.itioiial

was recognized, .Air Materiel Command tee concluded that it would be from 40 Long Beach is the only surface ship
set up a committee witli members from months to iiifinits- before it became definitely slated tocany the missile,
all interested US.AF commands and necessary to repair at least one of each A key question has been that of
/fir f/r &vr contractors to find a solution. of the S.IOO items. Some of the 76.000 authenticating firing orders to Polaris

The committee found that 8.100 line items would never be required. It submarines operating submerged and at

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 127

 • MISSILES
a distance from any U-S. base because build the first Minuteman launch com- signed to compensate for them.
of possible communication problems- plex around Malmstrom AFB, Mont. T he guidance problem is somewhat
A project sometimes called Vela The railroad-transported mobile Min- different because each missile has to get
Hotel is being conducted by the Navy uteman unit has undergone its USAh' a new guidance program for every
to find ini|)ro\'ed methods of cominuiii- Development Engineering Inspection change of site. In the hardened base ver-
cahng with submarines underwater. and a series of mobility tests have been sion, Minuteman guidance uses the
The Very Lo«- hTequenci- and Ex- conducted on the railroads of the west- North Star as its directional reference.
tremely Low I'rcqiiencs bands arc re- In the mobile version, this has been
portedly being investigated for this placed by a north-seeking gvTO in the
purpose as wclT as for submarine detcc- Minuteman Trains launch cat.
First of the railwav-anobile Minute- Mobility adhere-nts point out that
°USAr'-Uoeing SM-80 Minuteman man units is scheduled to be combat since hardened bases are proving to be
sohd-piopellant ICBM has made sue- ready by the summer of 196?. Eventu- more costly than anticipated, the dif-
tvssful full-range flights down the ally there are to be more than 100 ference betvseen a hardened and dis-
Atlantic Missile Range and completed persed squadron of missiles and that of
such trains moving in random patterns
a series of launcher dcsclopincnt
silo a mobile squadron is not verv great.
between a series of railroad sidings in
tests involving the launch of tethered The complete equipment cost tor a
the western states. Each tun. planned
missiles at Ejward.s Al'B, Calif. Upon five-missile Minuteman train has been
to present no iiredictablc course or
tlie basis of these, .m o|)crational silo estimated at about $12 million.
routine, would last for aliout two vveeb
launcher lias been designed and Arinv US-AF-Dougias GAM-87A Skvbolt
and cover 900-1,200 mi.
Corps of Engineers Ballistic Missile air launched ballistic missile is even
It is in this mobile version that
Construction Office is about to select less vulnerable to encmv action than Po-
Minuteman is likely to make its most
a team of consftiiction contractors to laris in the opinion of some. Though
significant contribution, though the sta-
tionary, hardened Minuteman sites offer liobblecl bv' a funding stretchout, the
POLARIS A-2 TEST VEHICLE
the same reliability and quick reaction development team of Douglas .Aircraft
time. Studies by US-AF and Rand Co., .Aerojet-General Corp., Norfronics
Corp. indicate that the mobility con- Division ofNorthrop Corp.. General
cept offers an exceptionally good pros- Electric Co., and a host of smaller sub-

pect of surviving an enemy attack for contractors have brought the missile to
the |3oint of system compatibilitv' tests
a large part of the retaliatory ICBM
force. It was impossible to choose such including flights of the Boeing B-52
a concept tor the early, complex liquid- launch aircfiitt with dynamically sinvilat
inert models on the missile pvlons. In-
ropeUant ballistic missiles. Mobility
itial drop tests are being made at Eglin
C ad to await the advance of technology
to a stage capable of producing a rela- .AFB. Fla., to evaluate launch conditions
tively simple rocket like Minuteman. and separation problems.
A Minuteman train will carrv as manv Skybolt for Britain
as five missiles. The trains will be com-
posed of 11-15 cars depending on how
Britain’s Avro Vulcan also is to be
armed with Skybolt and one was
many missiles they have. The pnsitions
brought to Los .Angeles rcceiitlv to be
of tlie sidings which are to be used as
studied by the engineers who will tailor
Minuteman firings sites when war
the missile sv-stems tn tlie airplane.
comes will be determined in advance
Unlike the B-52, which is tn carrv four,
and the missile on each site will get
the Vulcan carry only two. F'evv
TITANIUM PRESSURE VESSELS by
will
appropriate guidance programs tape-fed
changes in the missile systems are
via thelaunch control svstem.
needed to complete the adap'tation. The
'Hie mobility concept as it was ap-
launch .airplane's rcgulaj bombing-navi-
plied to Minutwnan was an after-
gation system is used in the Skybolt
thought but according to Boeing engi-
mission. Since the Vulcan has a differ-
neers, the missile itself
would not have ent bomb-nav system, there will have to
been much different had it been de-
be a slight modification of the elec-
signed for mobile launching vehicles
tronic systems peculiar to the missile.
from the beginning. There will be no
There have oeen brief but careful
difference between Minuteman missiles
studies of a number of other aircraft
intended for hardened and dispersed
as potential Skybolt carriers. So far,
bases a^d those assigned to trains.
none have been chosen. The Convair
However, manv ground systems will B-58B was to have been used as a Skv-
have to be completely new. An indica- bolt canier but the Defense Depart-
tion of the amount of new engineer- ment decided not to order it into
ing involved may be the fact that the
production, live B-70 cannot carrv Sky-
value of Minuteman contracts held bv bolt cither iiiternallv or externally as
Boeing rose from S180 million to it is now designed. External storage in
about $250 million. a Mach 3 environment would create an
Much of the extra monev went to aging problem completely different
make up the difference between the from that for which Skvbolt was de-
benign environment of the silo launcher signed.
and the relatively more stringent one of Douglas engineers arc considering the
the railroad car launcher. Eartli move- proposition that the transfer from a
ments and the effects of wind and Mach .8 airplane to a Mach 3 airplane
weather arc mote significant above the offers enough additional velocitv to en-
surface and equipment must be de- able Skybolt tn reach full range without 129
 • MISSILES
its seconci stage. If this is true it would to tuni-aromrd time will be more im-

From the home of at least be feasible tn use the missile portant than speed.
with the B-70. TIris would make an airborne alert
Difficulty of adapting Skybolt to new program more effective in reducing the
higliperformance boiiibcts has brought vulnctuhility of the retaliatory air force
the missile some criticism. Defenders to that first blow.
of Skybolt argue that the speed of the
airplane is sc;irctly reIc^ant. They say
Vehicle Integration
that adapfabilit}’ of the missile to Like Polaris, and Minuteman to
clicaper, lowcr-petformancc aircraft is some degree. Skybolt is part of the
actuallv niore si|iiific.int. I’hc rclatisc trend toward closet integration of long
speed of enemy interceptors is not im- range missiles and highly mobile launch
portant because the range of Skybolt is vehicles and it sliarcs manv of the
to be greater tlian the radius of action advantages claimed for both. If is diffi-
of any cutrent Riissi.in interceptors or cult for an cntniv to detect and ,it-

air defense missiles. US.^F is begin- tack the kuincli airplane before it is in
ning to consider nen .\LB-\f tactics a position to fire and it is c.asv to recall
such as the roll-up action in which the the aircraft up to the moment Skvbolt
missile load would be used to flatten a is launched.
line of defenses leading to the target US-\F has said that Skybolt will be-
intended for aircraft internal bomb come operational in 1964. The lead-

PROVIDED BOEING Higher speed wmiid make possible

quicker rctalLition but it is being ar-
gued that if the U. S. stands by the
ing contractors in the prr^ram report
they see nothing to prevent
tl'.e initial drop tests now
near com|3lctioii. e.iptive tests subject-
this.
utitler way
,\s

Fast Design — Production and Delivery

doctrine of leav ing the first blow to the
cncniv, a high ratio of fliglit duration
ing actual missiles to harder eirviroii-
nients than titose anticipated in flight

on the Minuteman ICBM Portable

Telemetry Check Out Cart

This flexible engineering assistance

is available for your systems, re-

search, design engineering, or

Other related projects.

century
ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTS. INC.
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programs and Commercial Air-
lines.
The Home of Planned Pioneering
You can depend on Century
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130 AVIATION 13, 1961 CIRCU 131 ON READER SERVICE CARD 131
 • MISSILES
will begin and the specimen missiles that superior speed will win fights.
will be autopsied to measure effects- Gen. Laurence S. Kuter, commander
Only then will the missile enter the of the North American Air Defense
research and development flight test Command, flatly opposes the introduc-

phase in the Atlantic Missile Range in tion of the slow fighter concept in his
the usual sequence of autopilot pro- command. He has said that the only
ramed followed by fully guided
flights advantage of an airplane like the F6D
f ights. USAF technicians and faunch is its ability to Ay a long combat air

aews hare already begun training with patrol. NORAD tactical doctrine docs
contractors to take part in later develop- not include combat air patrols because
ment phases. These men will become the early warning radar lines to the
the cadres of operational units equipped north will detect incoming raids on
with the missile. the continental United States and de-
Nasy-Bendix Eagle is part of the fending aircraft will be vectored to the
trend toiv.ird closer integration of mis- interception point bv ground stations
sile weapons with other fxirts of the from the moment of takeoff.
inilitap.' inventory. Though not as spec- Design of the F6D calls tor a high
tacular as the long range ballistic mis- aspect ratio unsvvept wing mounted
siles, Eagle is one of the more sig- high on the fuselage with a pair of
nificant projects now in development Pratt & Whitney TF30-P-2 tutbofans
because it represents a new conclusion of 10,000-lb. thrust mounfed in blisters
about the most economical division of low on the sides of the fuselage- The
rcsponsibilitv between an air-launched high wing would make it easier for
missile and the airplane that fires it. small deck crews with low-bed service
Concurrent with the development trucks to load or replace the Eagle
of the missile, Douglas Aircraft Co. missiles on the six tocket mounts with-
was given a contract to develop a out respotting the airaaft. Since Navy
fighter to be teamed with the Eagle specifications ordered that the design
as a single weapon system and called be kept out of the transonic regime,
the EfiD Missileer. The primary mis- the straight, high aspect ratio wing
sion of the Missileer-Eagle weapon sys- can be used to get good handling
tem is to enable Navy’s attack carrier characteristics ami long range at speeds
task forces to establish local air super- approaching Mach .9. It is to have a
iority for either offensive or defensive maximum gross weight of about 50,-
purposes. 000 lb, and a flight duration of 4-6 hr.
The project breaks with tradition in About half the total cost of the P'fiD-
that a new incorporating
airplane new Eagle weapon svstcni is accounted for
technologv is to be substantially slower bv elements other than the airfranre
than its predecessors. Navy fighter and propulsion rrf the F6D. A long
tacticians fielicvc that a slow fighter range search, identification and track-
equipped with a long-range, high-per- ing radar would be carried for use in
formance missile is about as cRective conjunction with the taiget .sceket unit
a^inst fast bombers as a fast fighter in the missile. Each of the Eagle mis-
equipped with a similar missile. Be- siles is to be 15 ft. long, weigh 1,300
sides, they say. it costs less and can lb., have a range of 1 00 mi. and achieve

remain on station longer. a speed of Mach 4. The missile has some

Greater speed makes it possible to potential as an air-to-ground weapon
intercept incoming raids earlier but since the guidance requirement is less
the proponents of the slow fighter con- stringent than in the ait superiority mis-
cept argiie that this advantage is more sion, The F6D has been tentatively
than onset bv the large numbers of nominated for an antisubmarine warfare
aircraft made possible by low cost, the role. Tire prospects for its adoption arc
long radius of action and long duration completely dependent upon the accept-
made possible by low specific fuel con- ance of ASM' techniques which arc not
sumption. and the high aircraft avail- yet fully developed.
ability percentage made possible by The idea of a universal combat air-
simplicity of systems and a relatively plane teamed with specialized missiles
mild operational environment. Similai to form the tvpc of weapon system
reasoning was developed by Rand Cor- needed at the moment may seem far- Where on earth ... or in outer space . . . do you need the
poration in a studv- of fighter tactics for fetched, but if such a thing is possible
USAl’. the limited space aboard ship vvould
precision of Tactair valves? Like you, our interest is focused on missiles,

Despite the strength of these argu- make it desirable. Tlie strength of a space vehicles and GSE. As perfectionists, we seek to design the finest hydraulic or pneumatic
ments, tire F6D is running into opposi- carrier air group for any tvyse of mis- components available anywhere. What is more, we are able to reproduce precision in any
tion and its future is considered sion must be weakened to some extent quantity. Possibly your particular valve problem can be solved with a modification of an ex-
problematical. The Eagle missile is tel- to leave room for aircraft specializing
isting Tactair design. Perhaps it calls for new development. Either way, we would like to talk
ativclv secure. Opposition is coming in other missions- If used strictly
it is

from government officials who cannot as an the nonnal

air superiority fighter,
to you about it and we make two promises. One, each job we do is done on a personalized
accustom themselves to the idea of complement of squadrons equipped basis : engineers working with engineers. Two, every job is backed by our warranty of respon-
paying for the development of a new with the F6D would probably be about sibility, Both have been Tactair policy for 20 years. We can start with your valve problem
airplane that offers no increase in six airplanes. It could be larger if the tomorrow, if you will tell us what you are looking for today. Tactair Valve Division, Aircraft
speed- Many working fighter pilots op- airplane could also be used in the at-
Products Company, Bridgeport, Pa. BRoadway S-IOOO.
pose because of an ingrained belief tack or ASW
roles.

.TACTAIR
it

CONTROL, SELECT. BRAKE, RESTRICT, CHECK..

132 AVIATION WEEK. Morch 13, 1961 AIRCRAFT PROOUCTS CO.
 • MISSILES

Economic Problems Color Missile Future

(AW Dec. 12. p. 26). With the Cen-
taur svstem, specific impulse of licjuid
Missile development this year is facing more problems in economic and propellant rockets takes a big jump
management areas than in tcclinologv. many missile manufacturers agree. from the 286 see. of airrcnt RP-I and
liquid oxygen combinations to 588 sec.
Those most frequently mentioned include depressed profit margins, in-
The next stop will he fluotinc-hvdrogcn
tensifying competition, increasing low volume research and development combinations uhich olfcr a .slight gain
work and need for engineering executives with business and administration in specific impulse to 398 see. and a
skills. significant gain in densitv impulse-288
Scientific and engineering problems still beset missile development, but as compared to 168 for oxygcn-hvdro-
gen.
tlicv arc esscntiallv cuntimiations of previous problems which have been
Bell Aerosystems is already at work
solved successfully in the past at lower stages of performance and which on engine under a re-
a fluorine rocket
do not appear bevond the grasp of cunenl technological advance. cently a«-ardcd .\ir Force contract.
Another important recent devclo|s-
In the area of propulsion, for ex- for arc highly reactive but manageable ment in the liquid propellant field is
ample. there is a continuing need for combinations of fluorine and oxygon or the intended use of storable propellants
higher cnctgv- chcmie.il propellants, nitrogen. in the adsancctl Titan. The particular

both liquids and solid.s. Despite some In the liquid propellant area, hydro- combination slated for the Titan, nitro-
competition between the two, and the gen-oxvgen systems are well on the gen tetroxide oxidizer and a fuel com-
imminent arrival of niiole.ir propulsion, road to operational use. Pratt & Whit- bination of hydrazine and unsymmetri-
missile engineers generally agree that iicv Aircraft already has completed sev- e.il dimethyl hydrazine, however, has a

both solids and liquid.s arc destined to eral static firings of its Centaur engine specific impulse of only 278 sec. TTicrc

pi,IV important roles in the development

of this country’s space and missile pro-

grams for many years to come. .At the
s.nnc time, then sav. despite the sig-

nific.int progress that has been made in

this atfti. there is still ,r critical need
Universal Measuring Microscope for higher energy propellants.
Large Toolmaker's Microscope The ingredients are there, savs New
York University's Ch.irles 'Marsel.
Small Toolmaker's Microscope
Tile problem is to put them together
Microscope for use on machine tools in high energy propellant mixes that
Interference Microscope are workable and practical.
Interference Surface Tester
Progress in Solids
Light Section Microscope
in the solid propellant field during
Stereo Microscope
the past s-car, both composite and dou-
Optical Dividing Heads ble-lwsc propellant |)roducers hast' made
Vertical and Horizontal Metroscopes iinpirrtiint iniproscmcnts in the physi-
Cam Shaft Tester cal properties of propellant grains but
Optical RotaryTable base managed to make onls' relatively
small gains-if any at all-in specific im-
Optical Protractor Level
pulse. "nic existing conscntional tyTJCs
Circular Division Tester
of lisdrocarbon solid propellants arc
Optical Flats .still gencrallv limited to a working spe-

cific impulse of about 245 sec.

HENSOLDT INSTRUMENTS Solid propellant engineers arc aim-

ing at specific impulse levels above 300
Optical Dividing Head .sec.One ap|)roacli chemists arc con-
on Ain-
Write for literature Autocollimating Telescopes with mirrors and prisms
centrating is hicl additives.
minum powder is already being used.
Alignment Telescopes with illuminating stands or collimators More recentlv. researchers have been
on equipment in which Scale Reading Telescopes working on the addition of boron,
ZM Scale Reading Device hcrvllium and lithium and their com-
Komelup Measuring Magnifier pounds. Of these, the most promising
you ore interested for rocket fuels currently appears to be
Centering Microscope
lithium and its hvdridcs.
Optical Universal Bevel Protractor
Propellant researchers ate also de-
Measuring Microscope voting a great deal of effort to the de-
Measuring Magnifier velopment of solid fluorine oxidizers
"Diamal" Stereo Microscope which offer perhaps Ihe greatest poten-
of all for improving the energy
^
tial

W COMPLETE content of solid propclLmts. Due to

FACILITJES their inherent stability, fluorocarbons

485 PIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 17, N. Y.

as such are of little value as oxidizers.
WTiat rcscarclicts arc currcnflv looking PRATT & WHITNEY IR-U5 liquid hv-drogen Centaur rocket engine.

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 135

 • MISSILES
ij both a need and an opportunity (or hard in the area of strength/weight
storable liquid propellants ivitli greater adsantages and, potentially, appear to
energy. offermore here than steel can. accord-
Sonie significant ad'anccs have been ing to N’ew York Universitv's George
made in materials and structures, as in Gerard. In terms of strength-to-wfight
the dc\elopmcnt of light-weight, high- ratios, steel casings currently ap|)car
strength rocket casings and in high-tem- to have a potential of 1 million inches;
thermal protection svstems for
|5cratiire titanium. 1.6 million inches, and the
nose cones, nozzles and leading edges, composite materials, reinforced witli
.^t the same time, further advances high strengtii metal wires or strips, pos-
along these same lines are genciallv sibly 2-5 millioil inches. \ good deal
expected and needed. A major problem of research is now being under taken
in this area will be achievement of to realize these potentials on a produc-
greater strengths in materials without tion line basis.
loss in ductility. Tossurds this same It is in the economic area that the
end, materials and structures people ate biggest problems facing missile man-
now learning to design around a ma- agement appear this year. There is still
terial's brittleness limitations. a great deal of uncertaintv as to just
Perhaps the most significant desclop- wliat changes the ness- administration
ment in the whole area of missile plans for this country's missile and
materials and structures during the past space programs. Nes crtheless. most mis-
year has been the emergence of sile contractors are fairlv optimistic on
pyrolytic graphite and its alloys as new their os-er.ill outlook, (ndis-idual com-
high-strength,
terials for
high-temperaturc
rocket nozzles and
ma-
rc-entrv
pany cs-aliiations
mistic side, however.
often are on the pessi-
CRYOGENIC
vehicles (A\\' Fch.
earlier
pyrolytic
thermal
graphite
1’. p. fi“l.
protection
works primarily by
Unlike
systems,
Many companies
being seutely squeezed bv the growth
report that they arc

in competition and reduction in profit

CLEANING
and
facility laboratory!
radiation rather than ablation or heat margins.
ir you are rosponxiblc for the flawiraa per-
storage. Here, briefly, arc some highlights
from an .\vi.stion M'eek survey of
Weight Saving conrpanies representing a cross-section
be imor«ii-d in th.- exclusive cr^“>g-
enic elraning fncllily avaiiablc at Dunbar
Due to its high thermal anisotropv, of the missile business. Kapple.
pyrolytic graphite obsiates the need • Overall growth is foreseen for mis-
for much of the insulation now re- sile business through the next decade
quired in ablative re-entry s’chicles. witli spaa- programs more than offset-
As a result, it is expected to save a ting an anticipated gradual decline in
significant amount, possible up to 50%, weapon programs. Most missile com-
ill the overall neiglit of a rc-entrv panies anticipate a rise in sales and
structure such as the one used on the profits but not in profit percentage.
Polaris. Used in uncoolcd rocket Many fear that actual profit margins will
nozzles for solid prtipcllant motors, decline further.
these new materials rcportcdlv have • Tncrcasing goveniraent censorship
withstood 60-sec. static firing runs at is said to he hampering essential ex-
temperatures abosc 6.000F. Promising change of tcclinical information.
as these materials ate, thes' still arc • Scientific is talent but available,
beset by a number of problems, one of there poor utilization of what is as-ail-
is

the most important of which is low able. The complaint of mans- com-
AN ACHIEVEMENT IN DEFENSE ELECTRONICS ductility. As one possible solution to panies concerned managerial or admin-
this problem, the materials producers istrative personnel, many of whom liavc

HIPAR Proves Effective Lium ha'C been gisen more design respon-
sibility inorder to tailor the final struc-
ture so as to take adsantage of pvrolvtic
come from the scientific and engineer-
ing ranks without adequate grounding
in business fundamentals.
graphite's strong points and avoid its
In Hercules Anti-Missile Test weaknesses.
In the fabrication of solid propellant
• Electronics is considered by most
contractors to he tlic area of missile
business with the greatest growth po-
motor casings,manufacturers steel

This new General Electric High Poit-er Acqvisition Radar (HIPAR) more have broken through the 200.000 psi. • To coimtcT increased competitise
than triples the detection capability of the U. S. Army’s Nike-Hercules yield strength "barrier" and arc now pressures, companies gcncrallv arc plan-

System. Produced for Western Electric, Nike-Hercules System Prime Con- producing casings with yield strengths ning to intensify their marketing efforts
tractor, this General Electric radar provides high resolution target data of 250,000-260.000 psi. Current re- «ith cmpliasis on sclecfisity rather than
at long range and high altitudes on bomber and fighter aircraft, air- search in the steel industry is now cm over all expansion.
launched missiles and tactical ballistic missiles. The effectiveness of this directed to aclLicscmcnt of 500,000 •Trend toward consolidation of in-
Improved System was demonstrated at the White Sands Missile Range on psi. Titanium the most easily welded house capabilities into military prod-
June 3, 1960, with the successful intercept and destruction of a Corporal of beta material, fails somewhat be-
all ucts groups appears to be growing.
Missile, and in August and September, I960, when target Nike-Hercules hind steel in yield strength at approxi- • Greater com|>onent and system re-
Missiles were destroyed by their defending counterparts at altitudes to mately 200,000 psi, and the composite liability. large boosters and lower costs

almost 100,000 feet and closing speeds near Mach 7. it»os materials such as the filamenf-wound arc seen as the most pressing needs in
glass fiber structures arc esen further the missilc'space field for the future.
7‘rogrtss Is Our Most ImpaMtnf "ProJud behind. Majority of the executives surveyed
HEAVY MIlirADY ElECTROMCS OEFARTMENT The newer titanium and composite .inticipatc a continuing rise in over-
DEFENSE ELECTRONICS DIVISION • SYRACUSE, NEW YORK
GENERAL® ELECTRIC materials, howeser, arc pushing steel all spending as a result of this conn-

AVIATION WEEK, Morch 13. 1961 137

IN WEAPONS SYSTEM EVALUATION • MISSILES

try’s growing efforts in the sp.iCC z;ifion and increased program costs.
EPSCO DELIVERS ITS SPECIFICATION field. They believe wcupon system • Mote continuity is recommended
spending will level off or even decline. in RS.-E) funding. Instead of directing
In accord with tliis is their shew that all R&D moncs in a contract to the

government spending for research, dc- development of a specific weapon, some

sclopnicnt, tc.st and evaluation, which should be spent on deseioping a basic
ill I'iscal 1960 rose 23% aboic the understanding of the technology in-
.iicragc of the jMst four fise.il years,
will increase significantly while the • Government should beat greater
\alnc of production contracts drops off. share of feasibilitv study costs.
Ihe product mix iit General Klec- • Contract terms generally protect
Iric'a Missile &
Space X'thiclc ITept. the gmernment hut not the supplier,
is ,111 example of this trend;
interesting liicre is a lack of give-and-take the m
1955 1960 1965 missile hiisiness th.it distort the iinr-
llallistic missile work. 98% -10% 15% imil bmer-sellcr relationship.

Siwcc schiclc work .0 40 65 • Lack of adequate indemnification

Otlier 2 20 20 for extra li.izatdous risks was the sub-
ject of some comment. I'lie gosern-
New Business Costs incnt so fat has failed to recognize tlic
Growth ill RDT&-F. work, in itself need for coinpensation related to risk.
indmtrv’s Ses'cral companies arc planning to
.1 major factor in the de-
eliiriiig profit margin, has also created put more effort into their marketing
and planning, but the trend is toward
some miiisnal problems. Riicketdsne.
sclectiviti' rather than menill hard-sell.
for example, reports that the inimhcr
W'itness tire following comments:
of its programs has increased from 60 to
approximatcls' 200 during tlic past three • Major prime contractor- \\'e .ire
Years ss'ithout anv significant change in ljutting greater emphasis on marketing.
Currently In use at EGLIN AFB... the total amount of dollars ini'imcd. ])articnlarlv in specified portions of

,'U the same time, management of the complete svstems, and also on selection
proposal requests due to their sig-
ADVANCED AERO/SPACE increased mimber of programs has
forced the company to spend more of
Ilf

nificant technical content and cost.

• Electronics ]noducct— Com|)any is
its own moiiev and time on organiza-

tional changes, cost controls, and new putting mote hard-sell emphasis on par-

DATA SYSTEM DOES 10 standards for research and dei'clopment.

Too, the increasing number of
ticular
ciipabilih'.
products rather than overall

sniallcr program.s is forcing contractors

• Ground supiwrt supplier— \Vc plan

DAYS’WORK OVERNIGHT to put more effort into long range and

development planning and into appli-
a more
expanded one. and
intensive sales effort,
will
wc go
be mote
not an
selec-

cations engineering. It has also meant tive in the business after.

Since early 1960. this Epseo PCM Data Gathering System has in the number of hid com- In addition to the aforementioned
an increase
been in use by Republic Aviation Corporation in its flight test to holster individual competi-
program of the new F-105D Thunderchief Mach 2 fighter- petitions, another sore subject for many efforts

missile contractors, though missile con- tive position, there is the definite and

The Epsco PCM Airborne System samples, multiplexes, and tractors are not unique in this com- growing trend among missile contrac-
digitizes 84 high- and low-level analog channels, then records tors towards intracoinpany consolidation
these plus 15 auxiliary 13-blt digital inputs on a magnetic tape of scientific engineering and marketing
handler in the test aircraft. When the plane returns to ground. Othcr reactions:
• Lead time on bids is too short. capabilities into what amnunts to de-

Tliosc companies which have infomia- fense products groups.

imputer format for direct entry Republic's ISM 704 Representative of this trend toward
tion leaked to them ahead of time can
i

la reduction process, all

put teams to work on proposals imme- consolidation are the many organiza-
computational analysis
''
available by the next diately and thereby gain an important tional steps recently undertaken by
advantage. Amount of lead time should Minneapolis-Honcvwell “to link the
's flight ta
be inaeased and the number of bid- capabilities of the company's various
materially speeding up the •e F-105D St program.
ders reduced. divisions and enable them to undertake
Epsco’s PCM equipment was selected to rrieel
testrequirements of the F-IOSO vreapons systei.. of • Number of unqualified com]>ctitois large svstem jobs." Using the missile
advanced design features as random programming, is growing along witli tire tendency of equipment division as the nucleus,
adjustment free system expandability, and opera- Iloucvvveil organized a special systenvs
-u.,— . ... the gosemmenf to select the lowest bid-
ill as inherent e>
tlonal versatility a: accuracy and fast development and pro-
sampling speeds. der rather than the most competent division for the
one. Short lead time presents eco- duction of large integrated control sys-
The advanced
. . .system. Model PCM-S-4010, also may be
supplied with airborne telemetering capability. For further nomical planning hv industry.
* company’s Inertial Guidance
details, write for Bulletin AE.Aero PCM. • Increased number of new com- llic
panies entering the propulsion field is group in St.Petersbu^ and .\cronauti-
diluting available funds and technical cal Division in Minneapolis were
.strengtn so as to hinder progress in brought under single management as
this area, part of thecompany's militarv- products
• Lack of firm, long range planning group, which also includes tnc Ord-
by the government is a complaint by nance Division and the Boston Divi-
some, who add that the requirements sion. To coordinate the activities of
for documentation, reports and back-up the different divisions in this group,

data arc excessive. Honeywell set up "a strong planning

• Insufficient and incremental fund- which also maintains close liaison
staff"

ing of programs results in poor organi- with the special systems division.

-<-CIRaE 13« READER SERVICE CARD CIRCLE 139 ON READER SERVICE CARD 139
A Division of EPSCO, Incorporated
27S Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge 19, Mass. UNiversify 4-49S0
PROJECT MERCURY:
TWO STEPS FORWARD!
Honeywell's Attitude Stabilization and Control System
properly sequenced the orientation, deceleration and
spinning, essential to the re-entry and safe landing

of the Mercury MR-1 and MR-2 ("Ham") capsules.

Project Mercury. NASA's initial manned precision Honeywell gyros and related
space iiighc program, is rapidly nearing circuirry in the system. Functions of the
the stage at seliicli an astronaut xrill ride system were telemetered to the ground
che capsule. Preliminary stages of testing for study in preparation for the manned
have resulted in retincmcnrs rhat will as- capsule flight. Additional information
sure the astronaut's safety and comfort was gained from tlie "Hem" sliot. The
from take-ofl'to touchdown. In the man- astronaut will have the option of using
ned shot, just as in these successful tests. manual controls to overtide the auto-
Honeywell systems ate vitally involved. matic system control.
Here is how Honeywell systems con- The manned flight w*ill also carry a
tributed to the success of the completed Honeywell Attitude and Rate Indicator
MR-1 shot shown at left. After a two System which provides the astronaut with
minute boost from the Redstone missile, information on capsule attitude, rate of
The Honeywell
the capsule was separated. attitude change and a reference for con-
Attitude Stabilization and Control Sys- trolling attitude.A Honeywell Earth Path
tem damped out any initial tendency to Indicator will provide continuous infor-
tumble, in about five seconds, and held mation of the location and direction of
the capsule in the attitude of separation. travel in relation to the surface of the
Duting a live minute period of orienta- Earth-A Honeywell Humidity Indicator
tion the capsule was yawed around so willkeep the astronaut posted on the
that the blunt end (heat sliidd) was in the humidity condition.
leading position. Also, by means of a Project Mercury is just one of the im-
Honeywell gyro, the capsule was oriented portant missile and space programs for
with the blunt cml elcvarcvl I'l® from a W'liich Honeyw-ell is providing guidance,
perpendicular to local vertical. Later tills control and stabiliaation systems. Otiters
orientation w'as clianged to ^-1^, and tire include Centaur, Scout, X-15. Agena B,
two minutes to
recrofockets were lired for Tlior-Delta and Polaris. Honeywell is
reduce speed by 350 mpli. The capsule also Prime Contractor on ASROC and
was tlien aligned to a very shallow re- Associate Prime Contractor on Dyna Soar,
entry angle. Upon sensing a 0.05G de- To learn how Honeywell can assist with
celeration, the system started tlic capsule systems integration and management
spinning at a rate of lO’/sec. At 21.000 programs, contact your nearest Honeywell
feet altitude, a parachute was deployed representative, ot write: Honeywell. Aero-
and the control system disconnected, nautical Division, 2600 Ridgway Road,
This carefully programmed sentience Minneapolis 13. Minnesota. Salts and
was sensed and controlled by extreme- sertia offices in allprincipal citm ofthe world.

Honeywell Engineers and Scientists:

Explore lie professitua!
opporluailies as Honeywell
<SD^ammonium perchlorate
Has Been Qualified in Performance by Every
Manufacturer and Program in Solid Propellant Technology
What better testimonial can be for a solid
there by AP&CC, from the earliest development of
rocket fuel oxidizer than to be performance solid materials to the drawing boards for tomor-
proven on every leading solid missile in our row’s space craft. By every solid fuel standard —
national arsenal? Tbona Ammonium Perciilo- reliability, portability, uniformity, and repro-
rate gives more than "paper promises". - - goes duceability— Tbon'a Ammonium Perchlorate
further than merely meeting specifieations. The is the ideal oxidizer; more than ever before the
past, present, and future of dependable solid real measure of solid propellant capability.
propulsion stems from the contributions made JET TRANSPORTS, dominating ramp at New York International Airport, arc S)mbol of rising .litlme CJ[xicity-

American Potash & Chemical Coipralion

PRODUCERS
3000 West

.
Sixth Street. Los Angeles 54, California

POTASH •
• 99 Park Avenue, New York 16, New York

PERCHLORATES
Air Transport
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 143
 • AIR TRANSPORT

MILES (IN MILLIONS)

FIVE-YEAR lising trend in available seat miles wlU culminate Ibis year in a 25« increase » first round of jet deliveries neats end. Capacity
jiioblcms trunkUnes will face arc illustrated by tlic iimcli slower rising revenue passenger mile curve. F.stimatc for number of available scat
miles tbc airlines arc expected to gciiecalc tliis year was based on the assumption tliat utilization of piston^nginc aircraft will be cut
sharply in order to prevent further Inad factor declines. Capacity could rise as high as over last year if combined piston-tutbinc
aircraft fleets were niaintaiiicd throughout the year at uormal utilbration rates.
It takes off in 30 seconds . . . climbs to 30,000 feet in 1 7 minutes . .

cruises at 615 miles per hour. Three years ahead of any other Jet Costs, Jet Competition Squeeze Trunks
in concept and design, it sets all-new standards for the Jet Age of By L. L. Doty Co. 10 of the 1 5 Boeing 720 medium-
rariM transports it has on Order, instead
the ’60s. ..for speed. ..for power-per-pound...for comfort. It is the Wasliington—Rapidly expanding turbojet fleets, once viewed as an antidote of buying them direct from the manu-
to all domestic trunkline ills, have triggered a competitive battle for survival facturer (AW Jan. 30. p. 38). The five
world’s newest finest Jetliner.
, .. and the f astest . Why not fly the that tbreatens to icsliape the entire domestic sclicdulcd airline industry other Boeings will be financed through
cash flow-
fastest? It costs no more. Reserve now, either First Class or Coach. before the end of the year.
Capital leased its jet fleet from
Soaring seat ca]>acity, cstiinatc'd to rise this year as high as 23% over 1960, United during pre-merger days in order
coupled with a disappointing 4% traffic increase predicted for 1961, has to sbnd up against competition and
Now serving LOS ANGELES LAS VEGAS PHOENIX CHICAGO NEW YORK DAYTON SAN FRANCISCO KANSAS CITY
• intensified the hot race for business, which already has forced one Carrier- Northeast leased Boeings from T"'.\.
•

its potential merger mate. Other e.ir-

Capital—into merger, and has seriously weakened the fiscal condition of at
riers mav not find it so casv to devise
least three other major trunklines. And the challenge of how to fill seats is
means of augmenting their jet fleets to
just one of many the glamorous turbojet transport has broiiglit. keep pa« with competition, a position
Foremost among these problems is petition, is severely straining flic finan- which could quickly translate profits
the rising cost lc\-el—strongly bolstered cial resources of the industry to a point into deficits.
inits upward swing by high depreciation where borrowing for new equipment is High wage costs stand out this year
THE SUPERUET AIRLINE' '
and amortization expenses of turbojet becoming cxtronelv difficult, if n as a major factor in airline economics.
'
equipment and interest and transition ipossible. CItief labor issue stems from the de-
costs— which continues to absorb profits. Farlier this year. Eastern found one cision of the National Mediation Board
In addition, the continuing scramble for wav to bypass the fin.mcial barrier: it to classify United Air Lines' pilots and
more turbojets to keep pace with com- will lease from the Prudential Insurance flight engineers as flight crew members

AVIATION WEEK, 13 , 1961

• AIR TRANSPORT
Domestic Trunklines Traffic and Revenues n.iin.n.)

low mte of flight utilization. Some

Comparative Direct Operating Costs carriers, nofabb' Delta and United, hast
profited from a low utilization because
and depre-
of relatisely low amortization
ciation costs and by scheduling, for ex-
ample, DC-7s in markets once served
to l>c represented by a single union. which represents mechanics of all trunk- turbojet maintenance and overhaul. by Consait >40 or 440 aircraft at a time
Impact of this decision svill not be felt lines except American and Delt.i. is High on the list of industry problems coni'cnience previously unattainable
until it is detennined «bat action Presi- cither in negotiation or will start nego- arc the percnni.il air traffic control de- with the highly-utilized Consairs.
dent Kennedy’s three-man coinmission tiations this year with all remaining ficiencies. With operating limitations at Generally, howes er, grounded or sel-
will take, but the mediation board ac- trunk carriers other than Capital, which m.ijor airports 'irtunily unchanged from dom-used piston-engine aircraft arc not
tion could have a far-rcaching effect will suspend bargaining pending its the days of the DC-4 and the I.ockliccd making monev for the airlines although
on crew make-up. which already has merger svith United. lAM contracts 049, flight delays, diversions and manv ha\c been or arc Iseing comerted
undergone drastic and costly chan|es run for a period of two vears and the weather cancellations are costing oper- to all-cargo airaaft to gain some con-
since the introduction of turbojet cquip- renegotiations undoubtedly xvill termi- ators of turbojet equipment $25-$50 tribution to overhead defrayal.
nate in another hike in labor costs as a million anminlly. Prospects for anv c.irly Passengers without question prefer the
Intemalional A.ssn. of Machinists. direct result of the complexities of imprmement in the air traffic control turbojet transport oscr all other types of
system as it is nosv constituted appear equipment. Thus carriers heading for
an all-jet fleet already ha\c a strong
Domestic Trunkline Traffic Activity adsnntage over their competitors. Here.
Technical Success
During 1960 Compared with 1959 United Air Lines lias taken a lead, par-
From the standpoint of technical ticularly over its prime-competitor.
pcrfnrm.mcc, the turbojet fleet has been .American Airlines, xvhich has been oper-
an overwhelming success. But this suc- ating the first quarter of this year with
cess has been somewhat shielded from a fleet reductions due to its turbofan
the traseling public's eyes bv a series consersion program (AW’ Feb. 6, p
of spcctiiciilar accidents, air traffic con- >6).
trol dclas'S. structural problems of the .Although United will mbeiit 40
Lockheed Elcctra and a safety record A'ickers Viscount turboprop transports
thatended 1960 with 1.08 fatalities per through its merger with Capital Air-
100 million passenger miles compared lines. it will he first to introduce short-
with a ,72 rate in 19i9. range turbojet transports in the U.S.
Passengers hare accepted the turbo- when it begins Carasclle operation this
jet fleets with enthusiasm eicr since the summer. This short-medium range
aircraft were first introduced in late capability will be augmented by at least
1958, but this reception has merely re- 20 Boeing 727 transports within the
sulted in a diversion from piston-engine next three t’cars. As a result, turbojets
aircraft rather than opening of nciv will soon constitute the backbone of
markets or in an expanding traffic United’s operations. .American has
volume, which more than one top air- made no commitments for the short-
line official said would be the case. range turbojet transport as yet.
Inability to dispose of piston-engine Most operatots of the Lockheed
aircraft has left them cither idle or at a Elcctra arc agreed that the future of the

146 AVIATION WEEK, 13, 196) AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961

• AIR TRANSPORT
turboprop transport on major trunkline largesolume of available scat miles
Domestic Trunk Airline
routes is limited. Western Air Lines, would gi\e the trunklines an approxi-
which patterned its future planning Load Factors mate 49.6% load factor, ivhich would
around the turboprop, later keyed its driic the industir deep into the red.
route expansion program in the Civil Since a 10% increa.se in available
Aeronautics Board rninsp.icific Route scat miles would give the carriers a 56%
Oise to the turbojet. .American is ac- load factor-again assuming a 4% traf-
tis’ely u’orking to dispose of its >’ fic increase, it seems only logical to
speculate that the industry will estab-
.A race that begiiii tun years ago to lish some control over seat miles to hold
introduce combined turbojet-turbo- the rise to the 10% area. .Avution
prop fleets into domestic operations lias A5’Er:K's forecast of available seat miles
dciolvcd into a race for all-jct fleets is based on this theory (see chart).
with American and United jockeying for Tlie re.il danger lies in tire fact that
first place in terms of traffic handled. the 56% load factor is an average,
I'lastcm Air Lines, generally the meaning tliat, wliilc some carriers will
leader in the number of passengers car- pull abosc tliis mark, otlicrs may fall

ried, has been submerged by a hlankcrt well below it to precarious levels. These
Ilf competition on its major routes that will be the airlines interested in mer-
Inonght about a decline in I960 in the ger.s.This year the load factor cicmciif AMERICAN AIRLINES' BOEING 720B
lumibcr of passengers carried and will be an important measuring figure
'cilnme of revenue passenger miles com- 1959 compared with 951 million re- in judging indhidual airlines. deplores an overabundance of competi- the carrier’s perition for subsidy, should long term period the 10.5% rate of
ixircd with 1959. TWA
without the corded last ycar. The 4% traffic rise is based on tire tion as. for example, positioning of nine discourage others from seeking relief return the Bo.ird agreed was reasonable
guidance of a chief exeentise officer and assumption tliat tlie expected general major airlines back-to-back on the New through subsidv. .incl tlie Board estimated it would in-

beset with indecision mcr fleet financ-

Problem for CAB economic recovers' inav not occur until York-AL'ashington route. Bovd is ser\- likeh to frown upon crease |)rofits bv SS4 million annually.

ing. also recorded a drop in both cate- revenue passenger mile \olunie
If the middle of the second half of the He will fight for mote slriiigencT in such in-fliglit frills as free champagne or The estim.ited 84 million net profit the
gories last icar. continues to lag thrmigliout 1961, the sear. Earlier rccos'crs’ might bring about the a«-ard of routes in the future and flowers as a means of expanding tr.isel indusfn squccactl out in I960 (AAV
Amcrican carried 8.1 million pas- excess capacity menace svill pose an im- a 6-8% increase for tlie year despite 'villshow a strong interest in the markets, llis thcorv is that passengers I.iii- 2. p. 27) is a rude suggestion as to

sengers a total of 6.? billion rescmie mediate ptolilem to tlie Cisil .\eroiiau- the poor traffic showing in fanuars' and realignment or redistribution nf routes arc nosv too sophisticated to think that how fat off the Board’s projection was
passenger miles for a 65.?% load factor ticsBoard tliat svill call for prompt and. Februars-. as one practical way to keep the indus- such fasors are being bestowed without initially.

in 1960. United handled 7-6 million perhaps, drastic action before the year Key to the Board’s future role in try out of trouble. He is on record as extra cost and that, generally, they
affairs is the new chairman, saying that it is "possible tliat a scries of would prefer lower fares to inconse-
Coach Traffic
p.isscngcrs. generated 5.-I billion revenue isout. if the industry, as it is min enn- industrs'
[ijssenger miles and reported a 6-1,8% stituted. is to remain financialls' sound. .Alan S.Bovd, who. at ?S, is the lomig- mergers might be beneficial . . . but quential giveawas’s. Bos-d will, of Ticd-in with the rate issue is the
load factor in the same period. W'itli exception of Rol>erf
the
'1'.
est person escr to hold tliis post. Boyd belieses that the Board must present course, receive staunch support in his narrowing gap between coach and first-
Continental .Airlines showed a de- Mut|)li\’, nesvest incniber of tlie Board can be expected to exercise stronger mereers from destros ing competition, stand on lower fares from Member class liaffic. with all signs indicating
sided increase in rc-semie passenger (AW Feb. 1?. p. 40) n-ho is still an leadership on tire Board than some of Tlie Board's antipathy toward siibsidv Joseph Minetti. that, in 1961, coach will be the domi-
miles in 1960. Total jumped to .S91 Linknown ssitli respect to liis philosophy his predecessors. He will show no toler- is gencrallv supported bv tlie larger Tlie rate issue is far from settled and nate type of traffic carried by the air-
million fmni 676 million in 19?9. Delta on airline operations, all Board mem- ance for iveak man.igcinents and has no trunklines. American’s President. C. R. could be a major factor in the ccimomv lines. a transformation that will cut
\ir Lines reported l.i billion in 1959 bers .irc known mergers if
to f.mir intention of nursing the industry hack Smith, lias asked for a repeal of the of the airlines during 1961. Fastern deep into revenues as it becomes more
toinp.ired with I.S hillion last year. neccssars’ to the huilth of the industry to health through dictatorial methods subsidy proiisions of the F’celcrjl .Avia- has asked the U.S. Court of .Appeals to pronounced. Sliortcr flying times of
Delta’s load factor moved from 57% and to oppose any resiial of trunkline but will expect airline maiidgcmcnts to tion Act of 1958 and has termed sub- review the Board's decision in the Gen- tire turbojets ate major contrihuting
to 79.?% in the laime periods. subsidies. deselop imaginative means of solving sidy "not a cure for the disease afflicting eral Passenger Fare Imcstigatidii and f.ictors to the general switch to coach.
Braniff generated 1 billion resenue In view of the cc|iripment now in use their own financial problems. the industry, hut a disease itself." order more comprehensive action (.AW Still 311 unknown factor in dctcrmiii-
[xisscnger miles in I960 contrasted .ind that wliich is to be delivered in Me is a strong advocate of competi- In any esent, the C.AB order which Feb. 6, p. 38). Tlic 5% increase ing the effect of turbojet aircraft on
with 941 million in 1959. Both Capi- 1961. available seat miles in 1961 will tion. contending that rcgulatore control called for an im-cstigation to determine granted by the Board last year {.AW airline incomes is the p.irt Najceb
t.il and National reported a rei enue pas- increase liv a startling 23%. If rcsciuie of the industry is based on tlie prinei|)lc M'hcther Capital should be dismem- June 6, p. 41) was to have given tire Ilalaby, iien F'cdcral .Million .Admin-
'engcr mite decline in 1960 from lesels passenger miles climb nnl\ 4%. this of competition. On the other hand, he bered (.AA\' Ma\- 25, p. 4?) following airlines an opportunity to cam over a istrator, will play toward unrai’eling the
-lirtraffic control muddle. I'hc patch-
Growth of Coach Traffic in 1960 work system now in use has Ireen sub-
stantially improved since tire F’.A.A n-as
Compared With First-class Traffic
established in 1958, but a modem sys-
tem, designed to cope with liigli-sijccd
performance cliar.ictcri.stics of the turbo-
jets. is still in tire experimental stage.
Ilalabv will put increasing stress on
airways inodcrniz.ition programs and
will enlist the aid of scientists to ac-
celerate his research and development
efforts,
Ilalaby will tend to rely more litav-
ih' on the tcchnici.in r.itlier than
lire administrator in regrouping his staff,
lie will delegate responsihifiti’ to a
greater degree than liis prcdccessar.
FI.R. Quezada, was inclined to do.
lie svill pursue a strict enforcement
program but will strive for tire coo|rera-
tivc support of pilots .iiid pilot grmtps
to avoid the personal feuds that so en-
grossed Qucs.ida. lie mj\ find some
ditficiilty in coordinating cii'il ait traffic
control issues with military flying actiii-

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 AVIATION WEEK, 13, <961 149

• AIR TRANSPORT
Tola! Traffic on U. S. Common Carriers ««• ‘’“t. when he accepted the faa
post, he made certain that he would
have the Ptesident's eat on civil aviation
matters which will provide him with a
powerful protection a^inst military
pressures for more airspace.
Gross revenues for the domestic
trunklines in 1960 are now estimated at
S2 billioncompared with SI ,8 in 19i9,
9% inaease. Total expenses rose S1.7
billion in 1959 to S1.9 billion last year,
a 14% increase. Net profit after taxes
was S4 million, a 0.2% profit margin
on revenues and a 3.4% rate of rctiira
on invested eapital.
Net earnings for the industry were
$61.7 million in 1959, S44.8 million
in 1958 and $27 million in 1957. The
industry’s slight 4%
inctcase in revenue
passenger miles, compared with a 15%
increase in 1959, does not appear to
be too unsatisfactory wlicn compared
witli results of surface competitors. Riil-
raids estimated they operated fewer 3%
revenue passenger miles in 1960 and
buses estimated thev stated at
iiitercitv
I959's level.
As of December, 1960, the domestic
airlines liad taken delivery on 278 turbo-
prop aircraft and 207 turbojet tr.ins- CONVAIR 990 TURBOFAN TRANSPORT
ports. On order for delivery bctuccn
1961 and 1963 are 28 turboprop and
193 turbojet aircraft, of which mure
than 100 will be delivered tlris year. U. S. Traffic Share Continues to Decline
Tlic industry will hate invested a]>
proximately S3. 5 billion in tlie new By Glenn Garrison sion followed several twists and turns
equipment after all deliveries of planes of police in the long, bitterlv fouglil
now on order have been made. A critical year looms for U.S. flag airlines faced «itli comiJetition of new tran.spacific route case.
To miiiinti/e the noise problem S50 foreign jet fleets and new carriers, bilateral battles, niuimting disputes in tlie Involved in this decision is a 1)asit

million has been spent bv aircraft mami- change in U.S. policy calling for
International Air Transport Aisn., and |X)ssihlc basic revision of this coun-
fac'turers in dcteIo]5ing noise supi>rcs- bilateral pacts to lie negotiated on a
try’s international aviation |)olicy,
sors and the airlines have equipped their diplomatic t.ithcr than .m economic
turbojet fleets witli them at a cost of Last year marked the first widespread ojicration of jets on routes between basis- -\ review of tlic question is ex-
another 530 million. Extra fuel and tlie U. S. and other comitrics. 'Ilie big switch from the piston era is now pected hv tlic Kennedv Adininistt.ition-
other operating costs, stcnimin| from well along and the problem of filling the expensive, high capacity jets is
Latin Rates
the suppressors. iGicIt S20 million aii-
squarely before the carriers.
.\nother area of controversy is I„itin
Traffic carried by the U.S. flag lines generally sliowcd increases for 1960,
The year 1961 promises to be a cm- America, where rate levels and rapacitv
cialperiod for many airlines, particularly but their share of the total coiitimicd to decline. limits ate in eontinning dispute de-
those faced with the competition of spite efforts to bring some balance to
liigli-density turbojet schedules. Even I he vear 1960 began significantly realm of air rights were strained by South American air transportation.
if the present traffic trend should un- with an emergfiicv meeting in controversies during 1960, and there U.S. flag carriers were hit by fliglil
dergo an unexpected upsvard climb to seemed mi carlv prospect of resolution. engineer strikes vvivich crippled service-
compare witli or surpass 1959’s record, a previous deadlock that had left open Ksaniples were the Diitcli, jMcssiiig for last month for I'tans World Airlines
it is unlikely tliat some small carriers tlic fare structures for .stver.il areas in- rights to the West Coast; Scandinavia, and Pan .\mcric.m W'orld .^irvv•ay^.

can withstand the onslaught of available cluding tile North .Atlantic, hurtlicr sparring with the U. S. over iiitcqjre- Nortinvc'st Orient -Airlines’ jet opera-
controversy erupted .it tlie organiza- t.itinn of Eiftii L'rcedom rights and tions were curtailed by n flight cmgineei
jcl scat miles being generated by the
tion's general meeting last September ciipacitv restrictions, and India, pushing strike which beg.m last fall and was
large or financially strong trunklines.
.'Vssiiming that subsidv lias all but ill Copenhagen wliere small airlines for new routes to the U.S. and the still continuing late la.st month.
been eliminated insofar a.s trunk cat- relicllcd against alleged domination hv maiiiteii.iiice of capacitv re'triction on Pan systemwide traffic
.AnicTicaii’s

tiers are conccm«l, tlic merger route I.Vl .\'s executive committee. U. S. c.irricts. rose from 3,122,767 passengers in
appears to be the most logical means 'llie nnitter of eapaeily restrictions 1939 to 3.381,1 50 in I960. Passenger
Cargo Dispute miles increased from 4.232.000.000 to
of compressing the industry to tlic size
of its market as it is now projcctcd- Last montli another split in I.VIA sure mounted on the U.S. for tighter 4,833,000.000 for the year. Strong iii-
resulted in the ending of traffic con- control of international passeiigtrs. c'tcascs ill passenger traffic were re-
Realignment of routes would mean a

merely a redistribution of available p.is- ference witliout agreement on a new .\ higlilv imixirtant development in corded for the .Atlantic and Pacific
sciigcr which, if the growtli cargo rale structure, .^n open rate cargo U.S. international aviation was former sectors of Pan .\m’s routes, hut
traffic,
situation seemed in pros|)ect for the President Kisciihowcr's decision, an- Latin .American traffic declined from
factor remains stagnant, would m.ifce
North Atlantic, nonneed a dav- before lie left office, 1.436.000 passengers in 1959 to
the poor less poor but would make no
one rich. Some basic cliange in tlic Relations between the U.S- and which in effect left the Pacific route 1.264.000 passengers in 1960. One
industri’ now appears to be incsit.iblc. several foreign gmernments in the structure almost unclianged. I'his deci- reason: the f.ill-off in traffie to Cviba.

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 151

AVIATION WEEK, 13. 1961
 • AIR TRANSPORT
MOON BOUNCE... a collaborative project of the Pan .Ain. ahead with jets of all hut Afcxico City declined 5.8% to 25.045
line international carrier, completed pissengers. and Mtjutrcal traffic was
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Motab/e /^cb/e/emenbs the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the Australian
two full years of jet operation last sear.
Its jet fleet h.is gtossn to six Bixtiiig
down .slightly. Other
routes showed gains- Largest was San
international

Ministry of Supply to link two continents by radio 707-1 lOs, 2 s 707-s20s, and 18 Douglas Juan. Puerto Rico, with a 25,9% in- "National
ab-JPL signals bounced off the Moon DC-8s. -As an example of the effect crease to 201,197 passenger boardings.
of the new competitisc jet fleets. Pan Bermuda boardings were op 10.5% to
AnT.s passenger load factor on
North Atlantic was down from 81%
tlic 25.472. Eastern tiegan
Caribbean and in
jet
December
service to the
sbirtcd
Defense
in 1959 to 69% last year. DC-S service on the non-stop rmi be-
rW'A began jet

international routes in late 1959,

operation on
and
its tween New York and Mexico City.
Eastern had high hopes for incrca.st^
must not wait
the foil impact was evident last Mexico business, w ith coach service be-
rear. The carrier's international traffic ing offered for the first time with the
so we use Delta Air Freight”
climbed 42% to 547.921 p.issengers. introduction of jets. Tliis was made pos-
Scat miles increased 57% to 1.765,0110, sible l)v an agreement with Actoriaves
and passenger miles 55% to dc Mexico under which the Mexiem
1.059.220,000. TWA flew 9076 of its airline bmighl a DC-8 from Eastern's
international passenger miles in jets last position in the production line. The
vear. It operates eight 707-55I.S in Mexican not long after de-
jet vs-as lost

the service. On the North Atlantic. livery in a takeoff accident at ^few York
cap.icity rose 71% and passciige-r International Airport.
traffic 67%. •American .Airlines introduced the
Panagr.i joined the jet operators last Boeing 720 last October on its New
year, introducing DC-8 .scr ice to Soutli A'ork-'roronto route, and jilanned to in-
.Amcriea during the sumniet. Passen- augurate its first jet service to Mexico
ger traffic was up 6% for the vear and vvitli tnrbofan 707s— 707-125Bs and
cargo rose 15%. Weekly DC-"P all- 720Bs-this month. On the routes to
cargo service to South .\incriea replaced Mexico Cits’. .American c.lrricd 111,272
DC-6.A service. Passenger miles reached passengers iu I960, down from 115.000
a total of 198.527.000. .A factor in passengers in 1959. Revenue passaigcr
Panagra's traffic was a new excursion miles nil the route declined from 118,-
Coavair. Ft. W’orih, Texas, uses Delta Air
fare plan, with reductions up to 55% 000.000 to 114.505,000. .American’s
Freight to help meet production deadlines
for sonic sendees in South .America. DC-7 service to Mexico from Chicago
and schedules for the B-S8, Ameri-
Braniff International .Ainv-ays intro- had been in cnnipetition with Comet (esliiig

4 jet equipment flown by CMA Mc-xi-

ca's first supersonic bomber.
duced Boeing 707-220 flights to Latin
•Aineiica. increasing its available seat cana de .Aviaeion, "Every minute test pianos are grounded,
miles by 56% to 241.914.000. Traffic ournational derensc program is affected,"
kept [xicc with the increase, tlie revenue Tokyo Service says Sam Keith, Traffic Manager. "Delta
|W.ssengcr mile total climbing 41 % to Northwest began DC-8 service to Air Freight plays a vital pan in the B-58
I2S.45TO00. Br.miff now offers jet Tokvo last liilv and prior to the strike production and testing program, by re-
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES AT JPL On February 10, 1961, California and Australia service to six Latin .American citie.s in was operating four jet flights a week on ducing the transit time for high-priority
INTHESE FIELDS -NOW were linked in the first international space com- Panama, Peru. .Argentina, Brazil and the rniitc and DC-7C equipment on material between our Ft. Worth plant
Colombia. New service to Mexico City otlicT davs, A new service was begun
Electronic Engineers
munication experiment that bounced voice mes-
through San .Antonio vv-.is inaugurated from Ntkv York direct to Ancliorage
... for component and system design of deep sages between the two points via the Moon. The in Nov ember, after signing of a bilateral and on to Tokyo.
words were beamed at the Moon from the Jet agreement between the U. S. and Mex- U. S. flag carriers handled 55% of air Profit from Delta's
matic control equipments, Propulsion Laboratory transmitter at Goldstone, Lockheed Klectra turlioprops arc
ico, passengers tr.ivcling between the U. S.

and flight evaluation.

California to the receiver at Woomera, Australia. and foreign countries iu the year end-
ing June 50. 1960.
BIG PLUS
... for project management assignment on ad- Principals in the conversation were Dr. Hugh L. Cuban Problem This contimied the decline of the
vanced development and contracted effort in space
communications- Dryden, NASA Deputy Director, whose voice was Cuntimiing political unrest in the U. S. share of this tniffic. The 1959
relayed from Washington by telephone; Dr. Lee Caribbean was cited by Delta .Air Lines pera-ntage was 5876. Passengers arriv-
as the reason for acutback last year in ing and depirting the U. S. by air dat-
... for analysis in communications theory, orbital OuBridge, President of California Institute of Tech- Delta iiper < all-carirn flights
mechanics, guidance and control, and systems
service to the area. On
its Caribl>ean ing the ixTiod tohiled 4.576,425, an in-
carries rreight tin
nology,who spoke directly from Goldstone- and Alan rtiutc.s, 25.575 passengers
lAtIta carried crease of 15^' (excfnding Canadian
I

night, inciuding
performance. er
Hulme, Australian Minister of Supply at Woomera. in 1960, down from 47.651 in 1959. travel over land hordersl. 0 flights serve Al-
... for analysis of digital communication and con- • Charlotte • Dal-
and continuing a decline over a period British flag carriers handled 499,207 )
trol systems: real-time digital computer and The occasion tested the new Australian station, Memphis • Miami
ot tlic pisscngers, an increase of 48%.
•

closed'Idop systems. of several venrs. Revenue passenger

the second of three Deep Space Instrumentation miles for 1960 were down from 60.022,- Cnhan flag traffic liit.ilcd 223.150 pas-
... for researchand development of servo and
stations developed and directed for the National 261 to 58,230,857. International lo.id sengers during the period; Mexican flag,
control mechanisms for large ground based and
spacecraft antenna systems. Aeronautics and Space Administration by the Jet factvir was down from 48.5% to 42.4%. 206.775; Netherlands flag, 190,055;
A new CarillK-m servicc-to .Aruba— Trench flag. 158.449; and Scandniavian
Propulsion Laboratory.
was introdiia-d earlv ihis vear. Delta 0|3- flag, 150,160. 'I’hese were the highest

crates DC-7.S in its interniitiona! service. tntals-

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGV
Comair 880 and DC-S scn-iccs have Ait traffic helweeu Europe and tlie

JET PROPULSION LABORATORY been introduced domestically, but no U, S. accounted for 1.748.378 of the

PASADENA, CALlFORNtA definite date has been set for jet service [jassenger total. New A’ork was by far

in theCirihbcan. the largest-volume gatevviu in the U. S..

Eastern .Air Lines svstemwide traffic with 952.564 deisartnres during the
was down for the year. Boardings at period and 1,019.^86 arrivals.

153
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961
 • AIR TRANSPORT

U.S. Local Service Airlines SELECTED OPERATING STATISTICS YEAR I960

Local Carriers Win New Subsidy Formula

Bv Robert II, Cook • Total oi>erating ex|)enscs of SH4.S
million continue to outstrip rcstnucs
^Va5llitlgtOIl— Local scr\'icc airlines arc coiifideut of jnstifviog their subsidy for a 19% sain over the 1959 figure

needs before Congress tliis vear on the strcngtli of industry research studies of$121,2miilion.
• Net operating loss tor the industry'
and Civil Aeronautics Board adoption
cmpliasiziiig the value of their services
was S1.9 million, compared with a loss
of a new subsidy payment formula designed to keep pace with tlio industry's of 51.3 million in the previous ywt,
growth rate. • Mail and subsidy payments increased
Continued expansion of the carriers’ route and equipment grow th will be more than 21% to reach 552.5 million
at a slower rate this vear, tlic airlines ]wiut out, since nearly half of tlic local in 1960 a\ compared with 541. 1 million
in 1959. The latter figure represents a
service DC-3 aircraft and eight
have been replaced bv more modern aircraft
17% incrc-ase over that of the previous
of the regional area route cases have been decided by C.AB and awarded

humidity. ..weather extremes

AQUALOK PLU6S AND RECEPTACLES to the carriers.

WTiile some Dperator. U.ivc iint imestment surscy letter termed loc.il
• Breakeven need, the difference be-
tween non-mail revenue and operating
are no problem with the '891' iiiulertakcii rf.equipniLiit pl.m'. or been senicc sfciirities an '
excelltnl opnor- expenses, increased SI2 million over
SOLDER-TYPE— Available in 22, 28, and 32 shell sizes with many insert
series plugs and receptacles— awarded new mules, most of Ibe local tiinilv" for gain, cstiinaling that their 1959 to 554.4 million.
configurations tooled for production. Shell, insert, and contact materials
both HYFEN-TYPE .service airlines base, and mans will eomnitm stock and conscrtible deben- • Load factor average continued a
and selected for excellent performance characteristics.
experience a lower subsids' need as tures could double or triple in \-.iluc tlirec-vcar decline and dropped to an
SOLDER-TYPE. Present early
routes are developed and eqm|)inciit between 1963 and 1965. Prior Board iiidustrv average of 42.3% compared
warning radar systems and fir- HYEEN-TYPE— Single conductor, miniature coax, and standard coax con-
integrated into their fleets, the indus- attempts to aid the airlines by sucli witb S44.9% for 1959 and 46.3% in
ing systems prove outstanding tacts— all crimp-type, snap-locked and individually removable— are available
try bcliacs. measures as the guaranteed loan, I95S.
performance— efficiency and in 22, 28, and 32 shell sizes. Insert configurations available for power particularly cn- permitting retention of capital gains While the iiulustrv- will continue to
Local carriers arc
dependability In any climate. applications. connigcxi b\' C.^B approsal hist rear and permanent certification "mcrels expand geographiealK- this year, many
of .1 >3-12.75% rate of return on' in- scratciied the surface,” the letter noted, oliervcr.s fee a gradual change as tlic
sestment and the Board's new class whereas its action on the rate of rcliiin airlines place a gre-.itcr emphasis on the
mail rate subside formula, scheduled to and class mail rate subsids- forimila removal of ecistlv operating restrictions
go into effect next month. indicated the Board "has at last fared on their existing route systems. In-
W'hilc the airlines arc not in enm- up to the issue." creasing CAB
emphasis on the dele-
]}letc agreement with all details of the tion of inanv unprofitable local service
Operating Figures points, under the Board’s use-it-or-
new rates, thev feel that application
of it with the subsidy formula ss'ill Reflecting the industry’s cxtcnsisc losc-it poliev. will accelerate this proc-

gisc them their first opportunits for route and equipment growth, and the ess. the carriers feel.

higher earnings to enable them to subsidy necessary to support it. are these Concern over the industry's mount-
attract equity or debt capital. prcliininan- estimates for I960; ing subsidy bill was expressed last year
Laris- indiwtinn.s arc tliat the Board’s • Net 0]>eiating rcvcmics increased bv in two special reports compiled for
iicHons on rate of return and sniisidy 2S% from the 1959 total of 5112.^ the .Association of tocal Transport Air-
inav earn local scrs’icc airline scairi- million to a new high of S142.9 inil- lines, reports which suggested several
ties a new stature ssith investors. One metlmds for reduciiig the over-all siib-

NORWALK, COMNECT. BtCC-BURNOY TORONTO, CANADA AVIATION WEEK, Morch 13, 1961
 • AIR TRANSPORT
sidy cost while increasing the airlines'
Local Service Airlines
proSt levels. The reports were pre-
pared by Planning Research Coqi. and
United Research, Inc.
Subsidies can be matcriallv reduced,
the Planning Rcsc-.ircli report foimd.
hy permitting the carriers to earn
sufficient profits to purchase more mod-
em airaaft. and bv lifting of scsetal
restrictions on the airlines' mute svs-

Key Problem
Key to reducing the subsidy bill, the
rc]5ort said, is flic problem of increas-
ing the indiistrs-'s as-cnige load factor to
a breakeven load factor of 69.2'??. K.ieli

percentage point increase in laid factor

would produce an additional 2.2 cents
of rcs'ciuic per plane mile, adding .in
esHm.ited SI. 4 million to loe.il senitt
gross Tt'vemies for the s'car. the report
pointed nut.
Best method of lowering this break-
csen need would be C.\B authnri>iation
for local service schedules into more
higli deiisits' tr.iffic .itcus conibiiud
PAYMOVER’-Choice of the witli greater freedom of operation for
the airlines, such as skip-stop and non-

World's Leading Airlines stop niitlmritv between

points, the report .stated.
major traffic

Use of more modern aircraft also

would aid in reducing the indiistrs’s
The Frank G. Hough Co. is manu-
the only operational costs on the basis of studies
faecurer lo successfully design, produce and which indicate that DC-T direct nix-ra-
deliver cowing equipmenc in the 22,500 to tion costs per scat mile are 2.3 cents
35,000 lb. drawbar class to .ill ihesc cop air- over an S2-mi, stage length, .\vtiagc
lines. In fact, "PAVMOVER" tractors ate not costs of higher-seating-capacih' Coiivait
only the choice of the leading national and and Martin equipment arc less than 2
international airlines for handling their cents per mile mcr a 102-nii. stage
largest jet aircraft, but of manufacturers length.
and ground-h.andling contractors too, Supporting the continued siilisidiaa-

tion of tlic local service incliistrv, the

We overwhelming preference report emphasized that while subsidy
accept this
for "PAYMOVEB" tractors as a challenge to
lias grown in the 10-year period since
Markel, leader for 38 years In tubing 1930, from S13 million to S37 million,
design abreast of the future needs of the and sleeving, offers the FLEXITE line [lie ratio of subsidy to rcsemics has

aircraft industry. of technical tubings to meet mechan- declined. Ten vrars ago subsidy ac-
ical, chemical, aeronautical, and elec-
counted for 33.93? of local sendee tes'-
The complete line of "pav.mover "
cowing eniics, whereas the 1939 ratio amounted
trical requirements.
tractors also includes smaller units (as low to only 33.6-^.

as 2,5001b. drawbar) for towing, pushing Included under the FLEXITE trademark Reniosal of trunk line competition at
and other prime mover work at truck and are preclsion-eiitruded tubings from a an estimated 100 cities on the present
railroad terminals, piers and industrial variety of materials — Teflon, silicone
local scnicc ss'stcm was the predomi-
nant theme of the Unite 1 Rcscarcli
plants. Complete details and specihcacions
rubber, vinyl, polyethylene, and rigid

©
subsidy reduction plan.
will be supplied at your request.
vinyl— in a complete range of sizes and
Trunk Competition
wall thicknesses.

HOUGH iwA What

or wire;
is

ples, data,
your application?
we
Call, write,

shall gladly furnish

and prices.
sam-
Contending that these low
tential
monopoly
points are a tvpc
e.ipabic of supporting only
one airline, the report estimated tlial
traffic
iif
po-
natural

JAL elimination of this trunk competition

would reduce annual local semee siilv
sidy needs bv about SIO million. ,\t1di-
tional savings could be realized by rc-
mosiiig present C.\B restrictions svhich
require the airlines to make intennediate
stops between these points as a means
of protecting a competing trunk carrier,

the report said.

Subsidized operations into 280 small

ISO
AVIATION WEEK, )3, 1961
 • AIR TRANSPORT
communities, which ha\c only loc.il Local Service Airlines
scn'icc flights, should be continued as
ENGIKE FAILURE a reasonable investment of public funds,
Comparison of operating statistics yeors 1959 and 1960
the United study said.

DETECTION Local operations into these

seiv'ice
smaller airports hasc required heavy
subsidy support, the study said, since
flic average cost of pros-iding this serv-

BEFORE ice for each airport is estimated at S-tO,-

0(10 annually per airline.
On the basis of 19?9 figures these
points produced about S5 million in

TAKEOFF! revenues and required $12.5 million

in subsidy payments. United researchers
found.

Supports CAB Plan

The report also g.ive strong support
to cab’s class mail rate plan as a prac-
tical means of controlling and predict-
ing the airlines’ subsidy needs, uhilc
affording their managements with incen-
tii'cs to lower operational costs.
Designed to replace the present sub-
sidy formula, basedon paying the carrier
llicdifference between its rescniics and
expenses plu.s a return on investment.
C.AB’s class mail rate includes a new
rate of return ranging from 9 to 12.75%
applied to a sliding scale of rates based
upon volume of operations per station.
A subsidy rate of 1.11 cents per avail-
able scat mile would be paid a carrier
operating 500 rcseniie plane miles per

are the answer station per day. TTie rate would decline
to onlv 1.90 cents on the basis of 600
mi. per station and flight ficqucncics
Whether you want dependable strengdi under bevond this amount would not receis'e
intense heat or speed of application for o Tile plan also includes a profit shar-
mum efficiency while on the open rate year, the Board liad settled seven nf the

“hot" production schedule,you can get either basis liccause of the knowledge that any cloen rates svhich had been open, but
ing prosision under which the airlines
schedules added would be covered h\- four final rates were reopened at the
or both with Hucic aircraft fasteners. would rebate toC.AB 50% ofauv profits
subsidy. request of the carriers during I960 and
earned between their established rate
Since the new formula applies onlv fanuary, 1961. Cumntly eight of the
of return and a return of 1 5% on ins est-
Huck standard or specially engineered fasten* tn final mail rates, CAB concentrated thirteen local service carriers arc now
ment. and 75% of the profits in excess
dependable part of practically every
ers are a
of the 1 5% return.
year on getting all local scn-icc air-
lii.st on open rates, and cannot be placed
Detection of impending in-flight lines on final rates. .\t (he end of the under the cl.i.ss mail rate plan.
craft plying the airways of the world or orbit-
failure of engines, hydraulic Subsidy Changes
ing the globe. systems, constant speed drives LOCAL SERVICE AIRLINES
Problems which it experienced in the
ond ether criticol instollotions past handling of complex subsidy for- Earnings History (Thousands of Dollars]
These fasteners, specially engineered for air-
con be accomplished before take- mulas, permitting carriers to switch b.ick
craft use, are available in sizes, grips, head- off. when it really counts! and fortli from open to final mail rates,
styles and metals to meet your needs. lia\-c sened to highlight a need for the
Metol particles in an engine or new subsidy formula, C.AB s.iid. During
Huck fasteners are easily accessory lubricant are a proven the last hvo years, the Board said, the
installed up to thirty
indicator of impending internal loeai sen-ice carriers were on open rates
per minute with complete uniformity of ten-
breakdown. The Magnetic Chip 80% of the time a.s a rc.siiit of adding
sile preload. Installed sovings up to seventy Defector ottrocts these portieles new routes or transition to new fliglit
per cent of former fastening methods have which bridge an electrically insu- equipment. Problem of this system was
that there was ne\er anv accurate knowl-
been accomplished. lated gap and complete a circuit
edge of what the airline’s year-end sul)-
which activates a worning light
sidy bill might be. Tabulation nf a
We invite your inquiries. on the instrument ponel.
carrier’s stihsidv bill at the end of the

Early detection means constant period created a heaw and continuous

protection against in-flight failure. workload for the Board and often re-
sulted in large retroactive payments to
Write for Catalog and Samples the airline or disagreements as to wiiat

HUCK \ MANUFACTURING COMPANY

CORPORATION
for Testing
expenses would be allowed for subsidy
coverage.
Tn general, the Board found that the
local service operators too often failed
2480 Bellevue Avenue • Delroil 7. Michlaen • Phone WA 3-4500
to schedule their operations with maxi-

158
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1941
U.S. Aircraft Engaged in Air Transportation
SCHEDUIED AIR CARRIERS, DOMESTIC & INTERNATIONAL AS OF DEC. 31, 1900

Carlbbjiin AiuuiUc

imORM'
PROOF:..

bz3

^hydraulic fluid

^ !
i
'
I
HH-h
i
saved a b
jetliner
Northern Oonsoltrtetod

from
Pulhc Norrhorn ,

fire
h
A SPECIAL REPORT ON FIRE-SAFE jllRCRAFT HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS I

.
I
>lbU, 1MSC. IM83. I0«H. r-?»3 & IHI. s-C« » 0W2JT. *-iij at lont, 1960.
Complletl br AVIATION WEEK Iram Roures auppliad br Pedaral Avietian Afancr'a Stallsllae Division, OJHcaal Managaaianl Sarwcoa.

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961

 The photo above shows what happened from a petro- The photo above shows how new Skydrol 500A
leum hydraulic fluid leak during a recent landing. recently protected a jetliner from fire. Almost iden-

FIRE The accident was attributed to the collapse of the

brake lines which sent petroleum hydraulic fluid
flooding across the underside of the plane. It

and burned. Firemen succeeded in saving the fuse-

flashed
BO® [^D[S[1 .
conditions— hydraulic fluid escape
tical
system. During a rejected take-off, a
..a hydraulic line
—not flammable oil— over
in the braking
tire blew out

severed, spraying Skydrol 500A

the red-hot brakes and

HERE! lage and costly instruments— but the engine cowling,

landing gear, tires, wing plating and other portions
were ruined. Fortunately, the crew escaped injury, but
the aircraft was sidelined for six months of repair.
burning tire. Skydrol
inspector reported;
500A did not burn.

“Captain, there was a small fire on this one, but

the Skydrol extinguished it. Don't know how many
gallons dumped out, but was sure glad it wasn't
I
The fire

the old kind of hydraulic fluid."

Today, high-pressure hydraulic systems vein the entire aircraft . . . VITAL STATISTICS . . . 20,000,000 flight hours’ service in all types
operate cabin pressurization units, brakes, steering units and flight con- of aircraft — without
a single loss due to hydraulic fluid fire — proves the
trols. Pressures of 3,000 psi and, surges up to 5,000 psi cause frequent unequaled dependability of Skydrol.
hydraulic fluid leaks. A sudden break can spray out an incendiary oil
Skydrol fluids— in piston, turboprop, and pure jet aircraft throughout
mist that may ignite on a remote electric spark, the exhaust manifold,
the world -assure greater operating safety for pilots, crews, travelers,
or flame back from a hot brake assembly.
troops, and cargo.
 • AIR TRANSPORT
TF(2)®M7ooo
66 Airlines and the Military Air Transport Service use Skydrol

fluids for protection against hydraulic fluid fires

»Piston-engined aircraft

Aero Alticruiser

Douglas DC-3

Douglas DC-6
Turboprop

Grumman

Convair

Vickers Vanguard
540
aircraft

Gulfstream
Turboiet aircraft

Boeing 707

Boeing 720

Boeing 727
RIDDLE AIRLINES' ARMSTRONG WHITWORTH AW 650 ARGOSY

Douglas DC-6A Avro 748 Douglas DC-8

Trunk, All-Cargo Line Showdown Looms
^Vasllingto^— Cargo carrier competition with domestic trunklines for domi- Aerovias Sud Americana, Fixing Tiger
nance of the future mass market in ait cargo appears headed for a decisive test and Riddle.
Douglas DC-6B Convair 880 Trunk airlines, in comparison, regis-
this scar as the freight airlines pit newh' acquired turboprop equipment against
tered a l-15f gain in revenue ton miles
tlieir competitors’ older piston engine cargo liners, of freiglit.
Douglas DC-7 Convair 990 ca^o can
On MU' plotut—a Skydrol master I'lic cargo carriers arc betting that special aircraft designed (or Decision of four of the six all-cargo
fill is a NO-cost "option.” produce lower cargo through more economical operation.
rates carriers to purcliase new flight eqiiip-
Douglas DC-7C Vickers VC-10 Altliongh the trunks registered a reasonable gain in revenue ton miles naent. followed bv detailed studies by
On pr»i«Ktly operating aircraft con- the manufactuars and operators on
carried last year while the cargo carriers recorded a decrease, both have had
version to Skydrol systems at rate structures, has exerted a strong
Convair 340 refit-
Sud Caravelle to revise past estimates on a general cargo breakthrough and agree that the influence over hotli domestic and
ment time is low-cost "insurance"
long sought mass market will not be attained until the industry finds the international rate discussions.
against hydraulic fires.
ideal aircraft for this purpose.
DeHavilland 121 Seaboard Proposal
riving Tiger. Scabo.ird d- \\'estcrn version of the DC-S, industr;- selection
and Slick, ail of which have ])laccd or- of a cargo aircraft is considered unlikely Seaboard & W'estern proposed a

ders (nr the Canadair C1.-4-115 turbo- until the Dtpartinent of Defense con- new table of reduced transatlantic
prop swingtail aircraft for long-range cludes its studies on new
cargo aircraft
a cargo rales, tailored to its fleet of five
MONSANTO OFFERS • 20-minute color film, "Working with Skydrol,” for training maintenance person- cargo hauling, and Riddle .Virlines to modcniiae the Military Air Trans- Cl,-4-ls expected to go into service
1, at a conference last month of
TRAINING AIDS nel on servicing Skydrol systems
which has ordered a fleet of sesen .\mi- Julv
stroiig Wliitworth ,\W 6i0 turbopro]j the International Air Transport Assn.
AND COMPLETE • Skydrol Service Manual contains complete information for maintenance shops heiglitcrs for short-haul use. con-
are
Revenue Figures Designed to encourage volume cargo
TECHNICAL SERVICE s'inced these aircraft will operate at a Contbioed industrv revenue ton shipments. Seaboard's tariffs offer lower
• Technical Bulletin No. AV-1 rates as the volume is increased. The
SUPPORT ON lists properties of Skydrol fluids lo'v enough cost to justify a lowering miles for mail increased to 1-13.600.000
cost of shipping 2.200-3,000 lb. of
liTf gain over 1939.
SKYDROL FLUIDS • Research and technical specialists are available to support your Skydrol program of the cargo rate floor by the Civil
Aeronautics Board.
last vtar for a
Kxpres' rcrenue ton milcs-39.000.00ft ca^o from New York to London
Trunk carriers continue to rely upon would he only 78 cents p« pound
conuTsions of their suiphis Lockliccd and freightincreased about 'i% to under the Seaboard tariff stracturc
Aor more information on where Skydrol fluids are used today or assistance on integrating L-1049 and Douglas DC-7 equipment icacli 390,900,000 lesenue ton inile-s compared with 83 cents charged under
Skydrol into your plane procurement or conversion program, write Monsanto today. for cargo pending des-clopmeiil of last year. the present system.
turhofan freighters with a higher load Tlic industry 's grow th rate in resenue Illustrating the incentive features

capacity and speed than turboprops. ton miles of cargo, which increased provided by this volume discount tariff,
MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY • AVIATION FLUIDS DEPARTMENT W’hile several of the airlines base nearly 1635 in 1959 over 1938. the airline pointed out that whole
sliowu interest in proposals made by the registered a gain of only 35f last year shipments 65,000 lb., the
600 NORTH LINDBERGH BOULEVARD • ST. LOUIS 66, MISSOURI
totaling
Boeing Airplane Co. for a swingtail with a revenue ton mileage of 793.500,- maximum payload tapacitj- of the
cargo tiirbofan. the Boeing 75S, and 000, Tliis reflected .i cutback in avail- turboprop aircraft on tiic transatlantic
the Douglas .Aircraft Co. for a cargo able freight Ion miles lay A.AXICO, route, would he onlv 28 cents per

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1941 165

 • AIR TRANSPORT
pound as opposed to 88 cents per pound north-south route and that Flv ing Tiger the carlv selection of an optimum
between New York and Pstis. should be certificated on a non-subsidy cargo aircraft for M.ATS is favored
lATA members failed to reach an basis in line with the airline’s statement bv Riddle, which claims that competi-
Hard agreement cither on adopting this type that subsidy would not be rc'qucsted tion from trunk airlines is one of the
all-cargo operator's bi^st problems.
of tariff or lowering the rates on specific unless It is permitted for a competing
commodities listed under tlic present all-cargo airline. Passenger earners get nearly 50% of
srstem. Since the present rates svill Riddlegoing ahead with its own their cargo revenues from liigh-yicid
Boiled expire Apr. 10. the airlines will be
is

plans to tap a mass market and has mail and express, vvbich can be carried
free to implement whatever tariff talked with C.\B about the possihilitv in the cargo holds of passenger aircraft.
stnicturc they fasor. If this situation of merging with a supplemental airline Riddle said. The C.AB should place
or dcsclops. Pan .\mcrican World Air\s-ays low restrictions on the amount of this t\-pe
MATHEMATICIANS and Trans World Airlines, both of
to offer
scn’icc.
a
.Vpproval
cost,
of
sclieduled
the plan
airbus
would of cargo handled by the trunks to
which supported the volume discount strengthen the all-cargo operators and
and solve Riddle's problem of aircraft utili-
On The forntula, say they ate prepared to intro- zation. the airline said, sinec ‘)0% of aid in the expansion of all-cargo service
STATISTICIANS duce rates which will reduce shipping its serice now moves onlv Iretwcen to the top 100 cities, the airline says.
costs an average of 50%. midnight and dawn on a predominantiv Legislation authorizing government
t Rooks CAREER POSITIONS
Under current Civil .-keronautics
a five-day-a-vveek basis. guaranteed loans of up to S75 million
Board study of domestic cargo rates. A proposal for a similar type of per airline for the purcliase of cargo
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ITving Tiger Inis filed a series of new servicx’is now being considered by aircraft will probablv bo reintroduced
tariffs wliieli it claims will reduce the Hawaii, where a state-sponsored snrvev this year by Sen. .A. S. Monronev

ELAPSED Mathematicians to develop pro-

grams that transform design
intent into the definitions
present cargo rates by at least
airline's
one third for transcontinental flights.
has recommended the establishment of
a state-owTicd air ferrv sen-ice. ,\ fleet
AW
(D.Tjkla.), Supported bv the Depart-
ment of Defense, the Federal Aviation
Agenev and the Civil Aeronautics
ITIME required for numerically con-
mathemati-
.Vs an example, the carrier estimates
that the speed, capacity and newly
of
u.scd
three 650 aircraft
to connect the state’s six main
would l>c

Board, the bill encountered strong

INDICATORS
trolled tools. Will
cally define rocket engine
components. A degree in Math-
designed ground handling equijiment
for the CL-H wilt drojs the cost of
shipping 100 lb. of office machinery
islands,
under
live sen-ice would be operated
a state siibsidv bv either .VIohii
.Airlines or Hawaiian .Air Lines.
3 osition last vear from major trunls
nes and b'lv-ing Tiger, vvbicli alreadv
liad concluded a purchase agreement
ematics is required. from San I'rancisco to New York Riddle also ]>urchascd seven DC-7C vv-itli Canadair under a Canadian
from the present rate of SH.05 to freighters, w-hich it contends can be government insured loan. Industrv
Research Statisticians to par-
SIO.OS, I'lving Tiger predicts that its operated at direct operating costs as observt-rs feel that the bill may have a
ticipate in planning long range
new cargo fiandling facilities at O'llarc low- as the CL--44. in addition to its better chance of acceptance this year
rocket research and develop-
airport. Chicago, eventually permit
will fleet of 26 C-46s and 2 DC-4s. because of the interest expressed by
ment programs, with the ma-
servicing tum.around scliedules on the Guaranteed loan legislation for the the new .Administration in measures
jority of time spent in statistics
research. Will take part in the CM-I in less than 4? min. purchase of modern c-aigo aircraft and whicli might stimulate the economy.

development of statistical and Recognition of Flying Tiger’s pur-

mathematical methods for opti- chase of the Canadair aircraft and Air Cargo in Scheduled Service 1959*1960
mizing a set of experimental
Riddle's AW
650s also was cited by a
designs for large, complex pro- CAB Examiner who last month recom-
grams. An advanced degree in mended that Firing Tiger be granted

Statistics is preferred. permanent a-rtilication as the sole all-

cargo line on a transcontinental route
Reliability Statisticians to per- and Riddle as the only cargo carrier
form analytical investigations on a norlh-soutli route. Examiner
requiring the use of reliability Merritt Ruhlcn. in his initial decision
techniques of measurement, in the two-year-old Domestic Cargo-
synthesis, and prediction. Will Mail Service Case, said he favored
conduct studies to determine Flying Tiger over Slick for the east-
relationships between reliabil- west route because of Flying Tiger's
ity and other parameters. A better financial status, its steady rate
Hot or cold, anything between -65 F (cold enough to freeze even degree in Statistics or Engi- of growth and more definitive plans for
the driest martini) and t85' F is [ust comfortable for an Elgin Mi- neering with statistical train- the introduction of CL-t-t service.
ing is required. Slick, be noted, had suspended its
cronlcs ETI, If the heat is really on, they can be made to take
Send inquiries to: scheduled service for more than two
230' F, and they’re hermetically sealed to operate In any atmos-
Mr. A. C. Sloelzel vears and indicated that it would not
phere— or in no atmosphere at all! No wonder they're preferred Professional resume titc service until a final C.M5
Employment Office decision in the cargo case.
by the men who design high-performance, high-flying equipment
6633 Canoga Avenue AAXICO out
was similarly ruled in
when they want true reliability data. Elgin MIcronics Elapsed Time favor of Riddle by the Examiner, wlio
Canoga Park, California
Indicators are small enough (only .680' In diameter) to fit any- pointed out that .V.VXICO not onl;
whereand surpass M L-U-26550A with ease. Writefor bulletin
I ETM has no definite plans to rc-cqui|) with

today and check the detailed specs against your requirements. ROCKETDYNE Ik modem cargo aircraft but also dropped
its rcgularTv scheduled service 18
DIVISION OF NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION
months ago.
Although optimistic over the un-
the air cargo
EL^IN MICRONICS tapped
industry.
promised
potential
Riihlcn
volume
of
cautioned that the
docs not appear
DIVISION or ElOIN NATIONAL WATCH COMPANT H< iliH Cin >M. Elgii. riliHii

Plinll in Elgin ane Roiling MuOowi. lllinttiaAO CnalsMflK ,

Cslllornla sufficient to justifv the certification of
competing all-cargo carrier.v at this time.
On this basis, the F-xamincr rccom-
mentlcd that Riddle be eligible for
subsidy for a five-year period on the

165
AVIATION WE6(t, !3. 1961
 • AIR TRANSPORT
for way up here
GERMANIUM CRYOMETER SYSTEM Federal Airport Fund Outlook Improves
Sustained Absolute
By Ford Eastman
Accuracy
Washington—Proposals to increase

Complete Indicating and federal participation in airport mod-

ernization and expansion pir^iams
Recording System
stand a better chance to receive Con-
gressional approval this year than at

The Tl Cryometer System any time since Congress pa.ssed a

newly developed four-year air]>ort aid act in 1955,

germanium probe and a special Although efforts were made in

"servo/riter"* recorder to pre- Congress in 1959 to boost the fed-

vide continuous indication a recording of temperatures in the cryogenic eral aid plan to a point more in line
range. Tl Germanium Cryometers offer fast response, unexcelled repro-
with indiistrv and community re-
ducibility and withstand continued cycling to room temperature with-
qnircnients. the threat of a Presiden-
out restandardiaation.
tial veto resulted in a two-year exten-
Two standard systems are offered. One specifically cavers the liquid sion of the 1955 act at a 563 million
S-N engineers want to
hydrogen range reading directly in degrees Kelvin. The second covers the anmial level.
recommend the best
1°—40° Kelvin range in five steps.
high speed gear The extension, which authorizes the
increaser for your gm ernment to matcli, on a 50-50 basis,
Write for complete information
test applications.
local and state fimris for airport con-
'•truction up to a total of 563 million
Texas Instruments
,i

S-N wants to tell you

year, expires June 30 this year.
why S-N units have
Sen. Norris Cotton (R.-N.H.). tank-
been chosen by ing minority member of the Senate
engineers for interstate and Foreign Commerce Asia-
aero-space systems as tion Subcommittee, has already intro-
well as atomic duced a bill tn extend the federal aid to
submarines. airports program for another four years
HOW EECO’S ALL-STAR LINEUP S-N wants to send you at 570 million anniialh'. The bill was
cosponsored bv Senators .Andrew' F.
OF TIME CODE GENERATORS a bulletin about a

TIME WINS ON EVERY POINT

Look at
offered by
Frequency
these unparalleled advantages
EECO Time Code Generators!
stability, 3 parts in 10*, based
specific application
of interest to you.
S-N wants you to write
Industrial Division
The Snow-Nabstedt
Schoeppcl (R.-kans.) and John Mar-
shall Butler (R.-Md.).
This indicates a change in attitude
on the part of the Republic,ins toward
federal aid to airports since the Eisen-
hower Administration ads ocated a grad-

TEAM
on extremely stable crystal Gear Corporation, ual phase out of federal participation
100% plug-in circuits to keep generator Hamden, Conn, in the program, forcing the state and
working for you day in and day out. Emit-
local gosemments and industry to stand
ter-follower low-impedance outputs for the cost of airport modernization and
expansion on tneir own.
Sen. A. S. Mike Monroney (D.-Okla.)
chairman of the Avbtion Subcommit-
tee, will also ask for a four-year exten-
sion of the act, but at SI 0(5 million a
seat instead of the 570 asked bs- Sen.
Cotton. Sen. Monronei' introduced
a similar measure two years ago svhich
l>assed the Senate, but came out of a
Senatc-Ilou.se Conference Conimittec
as .1 tn'o-s'car extension at the 563 mil-
lion a year Bgurc.
President John F. Kennedy's new
Pcmocratic Administration is expected
to go along with Senate Democratic
leaders who base long supported meas-
uies to increase federal aid to modern-
ize and expand the nation’s airports
for these reasons;
• Party platforms commits the Admin-
istration to continue and expand the
airport aid program.
• Continuing and expanding airport

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961

 • AIR TRANSPORT
SAFETY coiistnictimi. cs|)ccially in ami iirouiKl those termed essential. ]Mivs,ige of the House .Aviation Subcomiiiittec, is far
Unique Printed Stripline Circuitry

Micromega Varactor
Ulcrom«gft's Model FM-6 hlgh-eHIclency, high-power
Multiplier AWS dci>rcssetl
«ork for the
help stimulate
.iicas,«tniid pro\’idc more
unemployed and generally
tlic national ecimom)-.
Constmetion and cxpansioii of airport
terminal facilities have not kept pace
Monronev bill prob.rbly
the hat<l core rcquiremaits.
Sen. Monronew. in announcing his
would

intention to introduce the legislation,

said that under his plan nvatching funds
fulfill less enthusiastic
Democratic leaders.
over it than

Rep. Williams has indicated that he

is opposed to the spending of govern-

ment fnnds in tcnninal areas unless it

other

with the rapid growth and moderniza- would be available for rnnvvays and air- pertains to safety. In addition, he favors
tion of the air transportation industry port terminal facilities and other con- the appropriation of moncv on an an-
and as a result tlie industiv has moved struction with the exception of bars nual basis.
into jet equipment witliout airports be- and restaurants at tlic terminal. Because of the long lead time re-
ing Fiillv prepared to meet them. Chances of the Monronev bill pass- quired between planning of projects
ing the Senate are good since similar iind the obligation of funds, appropria-
Defense Role proposals have had little difficulty in tions on this basis could result in delavs

.Another reason why

the Administra-
getting .ipprov.il m
the p.ist. of the construction program several
The mav have more difficulty
lull months each year. It was for this rea-
tion may favor ste|)pcd-up airport con-
in the House where Rep. John Bell son that the program was placed on a
stniction is to improsc natioiial defense.
Williams (D.-Miss.) chainnan of the four-year basis in 1955.
If more airports n’hich wil! accomodate
heav;’ turbine powered aircraft arc pro-
vided. the Strategic .\ir Command’s
heavy bombers can he harbored at these
.lirports for brief periods as pari of a
dis|5ctsal program.
As of the end of 1960 there were ?4
of the nation's major airports tccching
commercial turbojet senice. By 1964
.mother 4’ major airports are expected
to he ready to accommodate them.

FOUNTAINS Construction of new airports plus I

expansion and improvements required

Wash harmful Fuels and chemicals from on existing .airports to meet tr.insportii.
|

eyes and facial areas, Instantly! Pre. tion needs and safetv standards will cost
vent discomfort and serious injury,
an estimated SI. billion over the next
I
Units may he wall or oedestal mounted;
with hand or foot operated quick-open- four \-cars. according to a joint survey
completed Izy the Airport Operators
Council, the American Association of
•AirportExecutives and the National
•Association of State .Aviation OlRcials.
lire survey reflected inaeasing tlic

dem.mds of business aircraft and airline

service at small and medium size com-
munities as well as hirbine |)ovvcrcd
tank farms. Packed fuU with plans, specifications aircraft at larger metropolitan areas.

and octuo/ photographs Out of the more than 5.500 publicly

HAWS owned airports in the U.S. about one
SAFETY half arc in need of inmicdiiik' iinptosc-
ment, thesurvev showed.
SHOWERS Breakdown of the tobil estimated cost
of planned aiqmrt development fro)ii
Instantly flood
July I. 1961, to June 50. 1965;
the body with
torrents of rushing • Land acquisition— 1 5% of the $1.1
water to wash billion, or S146 million.
sway injurious
• Landing area development— 55%, or
contaminants.
Your choice S6I8 million.
• Tcmiiiial building construction— 26%
FILTER /SEPARATORS of single head or
multiple nozzle or $292 million.
showers; available
• Other tcnninal area dcvelopmcnl-
with hand or foot
FOR REFUELING valves.
6%, or $67 million.
Local fiioils available for matching
TRUCKS AND during the four-vear period would
TANK FARMS amount to S52" million and state funds
S6I million for a total of S588 million,
'lliis vsould require more than S556
THE BRIGGS FILTRATION CO., million in federal matching funds, or
Dept. 3if, Wsshinglon 16, D. C. in average of $154 million anmudly.
Monronev bill that vs'ould pro-
YES! 1 1 'File
vide SI 00 million a year would be $1 36
million short of meeting the matching
needs over the four-year period and the
Cotton bill svouhl fall $256 million
MAIL THE COUPON, short. Since the survev contained proj-
NO OSIIGATION ects considered dcsirahlc in addition to

170 AVIATION WEEK. 13, 1961 171

 • AIR TRANSPORT

TAILOR-MADE
RUBBER
SHOES
FOR
WELL
DRESSED
RADOMES
F. Coociricli erosion slioes arc
o( special tough rublier Tor maxiiiuun
jiroteclioii of expensive plastic raclomes anti
antenna covers. Tiieyb-e been thorougbly tested,
ibey stand up under long-term weatbering, they
meet lotv temperature lle.xibility rec|iiircments.

Special fabric-backed rubber compounds provide

the best combination urhigli erosion resistance and
low dielectric impedance. Electrical loss is held to a

characteristics arc unirurin, since thickness of the

shoe is factory controlled to close tolerances.

UFG erosion shoes arc sujiplicd in one piece, con-

toured to lit the part. Thus installation is simple,
requires no special tools. Valuable maintenance

The well tircssed radome wears a slice specially

Equipment Problems Slow Aeroflot Gains
made for the job. For your requirements contact Russia’s Aeroflot ]>rovcd its worth as a bighlv<'flcctive arm of Soviet foreign 1959 and 8.5 million in 195S. Both
Ji. F. Gaodrick Aviation Products, a division during 1960, while, at the tinic. failing to achicic some of its groups of figures show .Aeroflot's passen-
of 'The ]>i)licv .sanic
ger business sirtu.ally doubling m two
B.F. Goodrich Company, Dept. Ad'-HA, Airon, Ohio. goals as a conimcrcial carrier.
Paradosicalh'. the fonr-tiirboproj) 11-18. wbicli demonstrated the USSR’s In either e.ise, it appears that Aero-
abilitv to make its presence felt swiftly in stich distant cold-war areas as the flot's net p.issengcr gain for I960
Congo and Cuba, was the same .aircraft whose grounding denied Aeroflot its to|)ped that of the U. S. airline industry

expected domestic traffic gains. •Old tli.it the Sin iel e.irrier is ssell along
Number ]ussengcts on toward its goal of li.indling 50 million
I5v vc-jr-ciid. uith Ibe II-IS back in period. of lo-

'Chednled senice but still the sidijcct cal routes doubled. Ssstemssode load p.isseiigers in 1965. the last vear of the
f.ictor for the I960 rose 6%.
lulf of USSR's current Scvcn-Ycai Plan,
cifdisquietiiie rumor.', .\eroflo( eould first

point to substanti.il progtes' during last spring. .Uniflot Chief K. 1'.

Growing Air Share
I960 in most pluses of its operations. Loginov claimed tlut the Soi iet .lirliiic
moiiopolv handled 20 million passen- Russia notes that Aetoflot’s passenger
Percentage Obscurity gers in 1959. Ilnis, .issuming a 50% business is increasing at a far faster rate
New a'cords were set in p.isseiigers. gain for all of 1960, the total for l.ist than surface passenger tmnsportation.
mail and cargo c.irried. But the sear svoiild be .ipproxinutely 26 million In 1961, air passengers arc expected to
signific.incc of these records in assess- p.issengers against more than 58 mil- represent about 8% of the iiatioii’s

ing the true volume of .Aeroflot’s IrafEc lio)i for all scheduled airlines in tlic total, compared with 5% in 1958.
continued to be obscured by the Soviet United States. Moreover, the quality of Aeroflot's
st.itisticians’ percentage game. Another set of based on
statistics equipment is improsing. By late hist
l'’or the first nine months of I960. earlier data indicates that Aeroflot flesv summCT. the Soviet airline was flying

B.F.Goodrich aviation products

.\cmflnt carried about s-1%
passengers than in the same 1959
more onlv about 16 million passengers last
I’car, compared with 12.5 million in
a\er half
jet
its total ton miles with twin-

Tii-104s and four-turhoprop Il-lSs

172
AVIATION 13, 1961
 • AIR TRANSPORT • AIR TRANSPORT
and An-lOs. Tlii-i compares with 10_%
"soon” is highlv flexible, as demon- Moscow to Magadan on the Sea of

TASK'S FIELD OF INTEREST] tor tutbinc-powcted aircraft in 1957,

17% in I95.S, and 55% in 1959.
strated
ing the-
by
11-13,
.Aeroflot's experience in
An-10 and Tu-114
pl.ic-

in
Okhotsk, with a single stop at Tiksi. on
the Laptev Sea east of the Lena rivet's
On the other side of the ledger, it is srlieduled ojienition.

obxious that .Aeroflot’s liugc percentage Other Aeroflot equipment improve- On

about the same latitude as Point
A moderate sized organization devoted to the design and ment included the appearance of the Barrow, Alaska, Tiksi is 1,500 mi. north
gains of past r ears arc steadily declining
fabrication of aerodynamic research equipment, force meas- .As a result, tlicy twiii-jct ru-104E- This airplane, equip- of a corresponding point on tlie
for all hpes of traffic,
uring instruments and electro-mechanical energy converting mav soon be replaced by actual traffie ped witli what were described as more southern trans-Siberian air route which
which hare become mote im- powerful and more economical engines runs through Sverdlovsk, Omsk. Novosi-
devices; Task Corporation’s field of interest includes fluid figures,
purposes than ili.in tlie Tii-104, set six world records birsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Chita and
pressive for propag.inda
mechanics, solid mechanics, and optics. l.ist -Aprilwhen it carried 15 metric tons Magdagachi to Kliabarovsk and
pcrcen tages.
Based on Loginov's figures, the esti- over a 2,000 km. course at an average Vladivostok.
Our record of success is attested to by the Task instru-
mated 50% gain in passengers carried speed of 596.12 mph.
ments and equipment now being used by the major Russia revealed last spring tliat it is
Skirling the Weather
in 1960 represents nearb as large ,i

aircraft and missile manufacturers and associated miinerical increase as the '48% g.iin in developing a 125-passengcr, short-haul, When the southern link was the only
government agencies performing aerodynamio 1959 and is larger than the 56% g.im higli-dcnsity configuration and a hmg- one available, bad weather forced Aero-
research, or requiring high performance electro- ill 1958 and the 09% of 195'. li.ml, "S-p.isscnger version of the 11-18. operations for
flot to halt trans-Siberian

With II-lSs grounded for at le.ist The latter coiifiguratioo has a third pas- days .It a time during winter. Now,
mechanical devices. Our technical staff has estab- several weeks during the tliird quarter. senger compartment in the tail with with three widelv-paccd airvvavs to fly
lished an excellent reputation by providing new Sm iet be hard put to re‘porf
officials will eight sleeper seats. on, the Soviet carrier expects at least

combinations of analytical and mechanical skills that -Aeroflot met all its traffic goafs for one trans-Siberian route to be open at
exceeds passenger
An-lOA In Operation all times.
I960. 'live carrier its
in the solution of difficult engineering problems.
target bv only 1% during the first h.ilt l-'irst scheduled passenger service with Aeroflot anticipates its most spectac-

Should your requirement fall any of our

in ywr when the gain over 1959 was
of tire 100-seat An-lOA transports started in ular improvement in trans-Siberian sen’-

lunnnig at 58%. and claims of overful- l•'c•])ruary, 1960. The An-lOA is a de- ice early in 1961 when four-turboprop
,

areas of activity we will be most pleased

absent velopment of the 85-passcngcr An-lO, Tu-ll4s— the world's largest transports
fillment of goals were iiot.ibly
to discuss it with you. during the final months of 1900. which .Aeroflot has been using in regu- —are to begin flying nonstop from AIos-

Most significant equipment develop- l.iroper.itions since July, 1959. cow to Khabarovsk, about 4.500 mi.
Phone PRospect 4-3100 or write:
ment was tlie unveiling last spring of Russia expected to double the num- Such flights were originally slated to ground was not keeping up with the
TASK CORPORATION, two new medium-range transports-llie ber of jet and turboprop transports fly- startill 1958 but have been postponed sky” in .Aeroflot’s operations. Ihcre
1009 East Vermont Ave., Anaheim, California. twiii-tnrbofan Tupolev Tu-124 and the ing on domestic and international repeatedly without explanation. were frequent charges of inexcusable
twin-turboprop .Antonov .An-24. ionics during 1960. By summer, tur- Internationally, the Soviet carrier ex- flight delays, inadequate airport facil-

Ihc low-wing Tu-124 will e.irry up binc-povvered aircraft were being used tended its operations to few new points ities, and discouttenus attitudes toward

to 08 passengers in an economy-class on almost all of the USSR’s interna- last vear. and there was little indication passengers.
seating arrangement. Tourist-class ver- tional routes as well as from Moscow to of the oxjiiosivc foreign route wpansion .Aeroflot was reported working on

sion will carry 55-60 and tlic first- the capitals of most of the other 14 that is certain to come. But existing these problems, too. In Moscow. Shere-
class configuration 44-46 passengets- republics in the Soviet Union and to service vv-js upgraded sharply. metyevo Airport was designated as the
Changes c.in be made quickly from one all large cities in the Urals, Siberia and Looking into the future. Aeroflot capital city’s international field, reliev-
to another without taking the airplane the Soviet K.ir Fast. Cliicf Loginov declared that tlie Soviet ing some of the overcrowding at
.Aeroflot's timetable last summer an- Union “will not be tardv” in the devel- A'nukovo.
Using Soloviev turbofan aigines. the mnmeed 24 new Tu-104 and 11-18 opment of supersonic commercial air- .Along with its gains, Aeroflot .suffered
Tu-124 reportedlv than
cruises faster routes. The absence of more .An-10 craft. some major setbacks last year. More
the 'l u-104, vvhicti it resembles, and has <i|>eratioiis revived speculation that the .Aeroflot carried out its promise to accurately, difficulties which had previ-
a maximum speed of about 620 mph. Ukraina is not performing as wt'll as provide a major expansion on helicopter ously been concealed by ccnsorsliip be-
Ceiling is around 59.570 ft. expected. routes during 1960. Goal was to in- came embarrassingly apparent.
During its peak traffic period last crease the helicopter svstein to nearly Almost at the same time that Aero-
Tu-124 Service summer, Aeroflot was schcdHling over 7,500 route milcs-10 times as many .is flot was flexing its muscles by rushing a
First scheduled service with the Tu- SOO flights daily on its domestic route in 1959— and to inaugurate 100 new small fleet of Il-I8s and numerous pis-
1 24 is planned for tlic Moscow-Perm vystem. Biggest passenger volume was ton powered 11-14$ to the Congo in a
and Moscow-Chelvabinsk routes. These over tlie short-haul \lo5co\v-[u.'ihngrad spectacular 6.800-mi. airlift of Com-
Helicopter Network munist personnel, equipment and food,
links arc about 725- and 925-ini. long. route, where a dozen or more 100-pas-
liie high-wing .An-24 will carry il veiigcr Tu-I04B roundtrips were made Most extensive liclicoptcr service is the Soviet canicr was forced to admit
passengers in its basic version and 40 daily. New 'l'u-i04B service in 1960 in the Moscow
area- During 1960. 10- tliat the workhorse of its turboprop
in its tourist configuration. Powered by- iiiehidcd Kliabarovsk-Pctropavlovsk, Mi-4s began reg-
p.isseiiger, .viiigie-rntor fleet had serious technical prohlems-

two Ivchenko turboprop engines rated K.imclratka, in the l''ar Mast and Mos- ular from Ihe Russian capital s
fliglits Until the Kiev crash, Russia had
at 2.000 eshp- tlic airplane Sas a cruis- eow-Sinifcropol in the Crimea, central area to A'nukovo. Sheremetyevo hailed tlic 11-18. whose de-signers won a
ing speed of 525 mph. at 20,000 ft. 17oiibIe-tracking of the old. tr.im- and Bykovo .Airports and also intercon- 1960 Lenin Prize, as the perfect answer
Maximinn range is about 1,250 mi. and Siherian ,iit route became a reality last nected each of these fields. Initial flight to its urgent need for a f.ist, reliable
ceiling is 26,250 ft. viimmcr when four-turboprop .An-IOAs frequency from T'tiinze Central .Airport, turboprop vvhicli could be operated at a
Ton-mile operating cost for tlic and Il-lSs began living from Sloscow to near downtown Moscow, to Sheremety- fat lower ton-mile cost than the fuel-

An-24 is expected to lie 25-50% less Kliabarovsk via Svktvvkar. Norilsk and evo Intcmatioiial .Airport was 10-12 hungry Tu-104s.
than for Soviet twin-engine, piston- A'akntsk. Tliis northerly route, which round trips daily, Yet it .ippears that .Aeroflot knew for

powered aircraft as tlie 11-14. Both the juts above the Arctic Circle at Norilsk, .Another major helicopter hub is the some time that the 11-18 was ailing.
An-24 and Tu-124 arc designed for use trims air distance between Moscow and Azerliaidzhan capital of Baku on the Thc 11-18 underwent a long break-in
on dirt tunwavs inisuitahlc for the Tii-
'
A'.ikiifsk by more tlian 600 mi. It per- Caspian Sea. During the last half of period of all-cargo flights. But when
104 or 11-18. mits cutting over 1,000 mi. from Ihc I960. Mi-4s made 3,000 flights and car- It entered regular passenger service in

Last Mav- .Aeroflot said tliat the USSR’s longest air route, between Mos- ried 50,000 passengers over the 60-mi. 1059 it was at first withheld from long-
An-24 and Tu-124 would be put into cow and Pctropavlov.sk. route between Baku and Neftyanye haul operation on the trans-Siberian
senice "soon" and would “completely tn Decemlicr, .Aeroflot made its first Kanmi, an oil-producing center built on route. Regular trans-Siberian service be-
replace old. slow, piston-powered air- 11-18 proving fliglrt over another tram- pilings over reefs in the Caspian. gan nnly after persistent inquiries ap-
craft.” Soviet definition of the word .Siberian route penetrating ever farther During I960, strong complaints ap- peared in tlic Soviet press asking wliy
into the .Arctic. Tliis link runs from peared in the Soviet press th.it "the tlic 11-18 was being kept from living a
AVIATION 13, 1961
AVIATION WEEK. Morch 13. 1961 175
 • AIR TRANSPORT
route on ivliich its publicized c:ip;ibni-
liesssould show to best ads aiitage.

NA A- Columbus
'['he II-IS isn’t Russia's onlv coni-

This is systems capability at

aircraft lioidachc. T'hc entire
iiierci.il

f.imily of tr.msports umeiled in 1957

an|iarenlly has had far more bugs than
ilic Sosiet.s care to discuss.

Where is the Tu-114?

The 1 20-220 passenger Tu-ll-l nude
big headlines and swelled Soviet pride.
Blit It perfotnied iiii sersicc for the
Russian airline passenger during its first
Assembled at the Columbus Division of tliree yc.irs of fli iiig.

Its long-range c.iiJ.ibilities were

North American Aviation are the facilities demonstrated in non-stop flights be-
and the proven technical intellect to bring tn eeii Moscow and N'esv York and Mos-
cow and Washington. Last March and
original concepts swiftly to practical jn'oduc- .-\pril the set 24 world records
aircr.ift
by e.urying 25 nielric ton pasload
a
tion by the most economical and efficient over closed courses of 1.000, 2.000 and
methods. Here, in one of the most complete 5.000 kill, at speeds of 541.13 niph.,
552.369 mph. and 544.749 mpli.,
centers of ad\'ancecl systems technology in respectively,
the world, many of the important advances it nils known tliat the Rossiva had

trouble with gear boxes that transmit

in electronic, electromechanical, and envi- power from the I2.00n-sbp. turboprop
ronment systems, as well as otherareas, ha^e engines to the contrarotating propellers.
Soiiet sources .ilso ctiiiccded that the
been made. This is true systems capability Tu-114's ground scrs icing problems are
proportional to the aircraft’s huge si/c.
. . . this is the Columbus Division.
Special lOiiding and iinhuding equip-
ment .niil airport tugs arc requited.
he .\ii-in, first displaved to the
THE COLUMBUS DIVISION 0F^> I

public carlv in 195"-scveral months be-

fore the 11-1 S— also has had its problems.
NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC. Tile Russians base neier praised tliis
Columbus, Ohio air|)l.ine as liigbly as the II-IS. and
Il-iSs li.ne been placed on some mutes
wliich had otiginalh- been designated
for .\n-IOs.
Criticized for its bnlki-lmikiiig cim-
fignr.itiini as soon as it appeared, the

.\ii-i0 was |3lagiiecl In- stability pmbleiiis

during its test period, cvpetieiictrl se\-
er.il near cr.islies. and reciiiired modifica-

tion of its tail asseiiiblv before going

into tegul.ir service in the sinniner of
1959.
1 he fmir-jet Tii-llO, unveiled at the
same time as the ll-IS, was nesrr put
into production. Tlie twin-turbine, SO-
passeiigcr, "O.nOn-lb. gross weight Mil
Mi-6 Tielicopter. hailed for its com-
inerri.il potcnti.il when first shown in
195", had not been used for n-gul.ir
passenger scnicc bv tlic end of 1960.

Prestige T ronsport
Meanwhile, the Tu-104, regarded as
a prestige transport, carried on last
tear as .keroflot's onli turbojet trans-
port in scheduled .service. Besides ex-
orbitanl fuel eonsuniptioii. the aircr.ift

suffers from poor utiliz.itiuii.

Concenitd oier the I'u-lOd's hot

HIGH OR LOW. The Mach 2 A3J Vigil.-inte, now being "c" SEAT. Columbus developed unique "C" scat to study landing cli.ir.ieteristics, .keroflol revealed
built for the Navy at Columbus, opei-ntes effectively at human tolerance to a hiRh degs'ce of vertical uccelern- last fall that imestigating the pos-
it svas
deck level or up in the sfi'atoaphere. The versatile A3J tion. and to mate human factors to the machine. Ad- sibility of prosiding resersc tlirust to
can perform either attack or interception missions in vanced low-level hi(fh-speed cscaj)e systems and pilot improse its safets margin when stop-
any weather, .at any attitude or altitude, day or night. response in these flight regimes will be studied with it.

175
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 177
 • AIR TRANSPORT

World Airlines Feel Full Jet Impact

Most ioteniational airlines around the world marked their entry into the flights per week between Brussels and
long-range turbojet race in 1%0. Fleets of Boeing and E>ouglas jet aircraft New York,
On a longcr-tangc, more aippling
were delivered and the scramble to fill the new capacities was on.
basis. Sabena has traditionally looked
The jets arc expected to reshape travel patterns around the world, o]>cning to itsroutes to and witliin the Congo
new areas to tourist business. As the struggle for routes and rights increases, to provide approximately 40% of flit
large questions remain as to whether enough new traffic will develop alongside carrier’s annual revenue. Just how
the nerv capacities, and whether new means may be cmploved to divide the Sabena will eventually fare in the

traffic that does develop.

Congo is still in doubt, but its future
in tills area looks far from promising.
totals seven aircraft, with three iiiorc
To add to its problems, Sabena suf-
actisi scheduled for delivers this year and
fered a furtlicr blow last month when
fourmore to follow.
Great Britain one of its five 707s plowed into a field
By inidsuniincr. the Vanguards and
near Brussels .Airport after a flight from
British Overseas Airwass Corp. re- Comets are expected t New York, killing a total of 73 persons.
turned to South .America last year svith BEA capaeitv bv 20% over last veat's JAPAN AIR LINES' DOUGLAS DC-8
de Ilavilland Comet 4 jet sersicc to West Germany
Santiago, Chile. .Another highlight was Lufthansa German
introduction in May of Boeing 707-420
The Netherlands Airlines' results .1-wcck Viscount service between
in I960, the carrier’s fifth full year of and South .\mcric.in routes sonictime Rome. Milan and Pt.igue, and three
service on tire Ness- Ynrk-London KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, with 12 Scandinavian -Airlines System, whose
operation since its post-war rebirth, hctvveeii Aiig. and Sept. I'tel- Caravelle flights between Rome.
Douglas DC-Ss scheduled to !«.' on
1 5 1 5- equipment costs, depreciation losses
show an approximate 40% increase in iiig tlic com|K'titive pinch from other .\tliens and Cairo each week.
Provisional year-end figures indicate hand by June, plans to boost its jet gross revenue over 1959. The airline carriCTS which hegan jet operations to .\s ill llic wsc Ilf sever.il airlines. route complex resulted in an over-all
a i960 increase of 26% in capacity route mileage to 17. i million mi. this
expects this increase to enable it to the Far East a iiuiuIkt of months ago, -\litalia is feeling the mainfciijiicc
year from 4.7 million mi. for 1060. loss of approximately S16.S million
ton-miles offered, to >30 million; a reduce by about S6 million its SIO Swissair originally Irad planned to h.nc pinch caused by the necessity of keep- during the past fiscal year, expects to
29% increase in passenger miles to DC-8 service svill be introduced on milliiin 1959 deficit. the 990s in operation by this summer. ing mam types of aircraft in the air. suffer a loss again this vear.
2,3>2 million; ;in 8% rise in freight the carrier’s mid-Atlantic and polar With 1.237.629 passengers carried However, delays in the Convair test .Alitaliapresently is operating eight Introduction of seven Doirglas DC-S
ton miles to 4> million and an overall routes and on flights to (ohannesburg. during 1960 compared with 786,626 in ]>rogrjin resirlted in a stretchout of de- specificmodels, including five piston- jet transports on the transatlantic and
passenger and frciglit load factor of South Africa. 1959. Lufthansa passed tlic inillion- livery dates. engine aircraft ranging from the DC-3 13 Slid Catavclles on E.iiropean and
>7%. Revenue figures
^ for I960 - licing passciigcr mark for the first time. Despite competition and the DC-7C. one
this to the tiirhoprop and two Far I'.astcni routes boosted revenue
BO.AC had received its entire initial delayed pending a formal stockholders Erciglit carried totaled 16.340 tons, fact tliat a fuel dcficiena' on tlie DC-S jet transports. traffic for the year by more than 16%.
order of 15 Boeings by year-end and meeting, but officials say the airline
placed it at a competitive dis.idv.intagC' lire airline moved into new head- Total airline |)’roduction iircreased 1 5'%
the airplanes were serving a number of will pay a dividend approximatciv 5% Passenger load factor was boosted on tlic transatlantic run, Swissair quarters and maintenance facilities over the previous vear, and cargo and
points within the U. S. and Canada. higher than that voted for 1960. from 54% in 1959 to 59.5% last year realized a profit for 1060- The earned tarlv tliis year with the transfer mail timnaec were boosted substan-
Comets formerly used on the .Atlantic The airline carried approximatelv and the total load factor from 54% to surplus, however, declined to approxi- of Rome airline operations from tially.
were used to increase services on Tar 1.360.000 passengers over its route sys- 57.6% 1960.in mately $1.2 million as opposed to $1.8 Ci.impino to the new l'illmicillO Ibis added productivih-, however,
Eastern routes, particularlv Soutli tem last y'car compared with !, 104.000 Tlic introduction of Luftliansa's million in 1959. was not enough to offset the costs of
.Africa, Australia and India. New Bris- in 1959. Mail deliveries were boosted first Boeing 707-420$ on the airline’s Passenger total for the scar was switching to jet operations while still
tol Btit.innia turbopro]) services were from a total of 3,192 tons in 1959 to transatlantic route to New York in 1,303.225 compared with 1,106,251 in maintaining an active piston fleet and
introduced. Transatlantic freight serv- 3.640 tons in 1960; freight from 31.178 March. 1960. was followed in May by 1959. bill the over-all load factor de- Iberia .Air Lines of Spain is introduc- the resultant high maintenance casts,
ices were flown with two converted to 37,400 tons. firstBoeing jet seniccs to Cliicago. In clined from 61. 1% to 58.6% in 1960. ing Douglas DC-S jet tr.insports on its phis the depreciation in value of its
Douglas DC-7CS- BOAC. ijcrmitted KI.M is in the market for a mid- May. Lufthan-va Boeing 707-420s also -Atlantic network June i. Initiallv, the older airaaft and investments abroad
to retain its IX2-7C fleet, roports a range ]ct transport and licsf bets seem operated on the company’s new Frank- Italy
high utilizaition of these aircraft
carrier will offer three non-stop flights to expand its system.
in to be eitlicr. or both, the Convair 990 furt/Main-Paris-Montreaf-San Francisco .Alitalia fliis scar plans to extend its from \env A'ork to Madrid and one These included a cooperation pact
charter flights. The government origin- and the Boeing 727. It also has been
specified
jet route stnictna' beyond tlic present weekly non-stop flight from New A’ork with the Mexican airline, Guest .Aero-
thcii considering joining the maintenance Lufthansa plans to introduce Boeing
when delayed Britannias were delivered.
Far Eastern terminal ,it Bomb.n to to Lisbon, continning to Madrid. vias Mexico, and the establishment of
and route consortium of Scandinavian 720B service to South America and
European Airwavs
Sydney, Australia. I'Ateiisiim. expected DC-8 «.TV ice will He extended to Latin Hiai Airways International, Ltd. in
British reported -Airlines System and Svvissiiir for tlic the Middle East on May 20 and July 1
to be inaugurated by late spring prob- iigreeinent vvitli 'Iliai .Airwavs Co.,
.1 I960 traffic growth about 14% above past vear. .All three carriers now flv tlie resi>ectivelv, ably will be m.ide on
the world average.
pool Ixisis with;i Seating capaeitv of Iberia's DC-8s Ltd.
But. with dclav in DC-8, and the fact tliat SAS and Swiss- At the end of 1960. Lufthansa’s air- the I'rciicli airline, Transports .\erieiis in mixed first and c-conmiry cla.wes is live Convair 990 is scheduled to en-
introducing the Vickers Vanguard a air plan to put tlic 990 in service this craft fleet included: 4 Boeing 707 jet Iiitcrcon tinen taux. 120 pri.vscngcrs. ter service witli S.AS late this suinincr
factor, net profit dropped from S5.6 mil- year could encourage KI.M to place a transports. 7 Lockheed I649A Super W'ith its DC-8s .md Sud Caravelle Iberia recently ordered four Slid or early fall, but tlic airline estimates
lion to S4.2 million. similar order.
Constellations, 9 V'ickers Viscounts, 9 medium-range jet Iraiisports in service Caravelle VlRs, and took an option on that it will still need to retain certain
BE.A offered 229 million capacity- Impact of the Congoairlift last July Convair 440 Metropolitans .ind 2 Lock- For the first time l.isl vear. Alitalia Douglas DC-7C sericcs.
ton miles last year, selling 66% of this during the uprising against the
initial heed 1649A Super Constellations con- boosted its available scat bv
miles Tlic airline showed appreciable in- T'hc airline believes that
savs it
e.ipacity. Capacity offered increased European, in whicii all five of Sabena's verted into cargo carriers. 25.2% and carried a total of 1,099,668 creases in all categories of its opera- the continued transition "is expected
21%. passenger miles flown rose 20% 707-320s were used to evacuate civil- passengers, a gain of 29-4% over the tions Gross revenue was
vear.
last to produce an unfavorable economic
to 1,352 million, and freight ton miles ians and fly in Belgian troops over a Switzerland
849.644 carried in 1959. S26.957.352; up from 520,225.157 in result during the eurrait fiscal year”
20% to 17 Capacity ton
million. 20-day period, plus the disruption of awaiting the arrival of the
Swissair, Passenger load factor tor vear 1959. I’otal hours flown were 72.892
2’% to tlie vvhicli ends on Sept. 30-
miles per emplovc increased profitable route structure in tlie area
or 5% over the 64,612 hr. flown the
its
1
Convair 990 to draw abreast of its Far was 57.7%. a 2.9% gain over the 1959 an effort to offset these losses, the
!ii
17,700. ate still being evaluated, and revcmie
Eastern competitors who already liavc figure of 56.1 Over-all load factor was pre-vimis year. Passengers carried mim- , lirline plans to boost its available scat
The airline introduced Comet 4B and passenger figures for 1960 base converted to turbine equipment, plans %
service
55.6 as opposed to 54,6% in 1959. irered 955.974 compared with 851,929 miles l)v IVA vvlien its summer selied-
last year on Eastern Mediter- not yet been released. The potential to rouglilv double its jet route mileage New flights inaugurated last vear in- in 1959; miles flown totaled nlc becomes effective on .Apr. 1. Sen-
lancan routes. V'anguard services arc loss, however, could be siilrstantial. network by November— boosting it cluded a Rome-Milan-London-Boston- 14.334.997, an increase of about 12% icc will include up to 7.600 available
now- operated witl: six of the airaaft The 707s were pulled primarily from from the present 32.200 mi. to 62.100 Montrcal-Nevv York schedule intro- the previous vear. llseria carried 1,898 seats each week on its DC-S flights be-
and the fleet of 20 Vanguards is ex- the lucrative transatlantic run at a lime duced last March on a twice-weekly tons of mail and 5,250 tons of cargo fvveen Europe and the U. S„ while the
pected to be in service by the end of Sabena was realizing an average load airline hopes to receive
’ITie tlie Iwsis with Douglas DC-7Cs that were in I960 for substantial gains in botli Caravclles will fly into 32 cities in Eu-
tills year. Tire Comet fleet now factor of 65% on II direct roimdtrip first hvo of seven 990s on order in replaced in July bv the DC-S; tvvice- categories. rope and the Aliddlc East. AA'hcn it

178 AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961

• AIR TRANSPORT
remain coniMtitive. yearend. Air France was operating all
iirti\cs. the Convait 9‘30 will be placed similar cuts to

ill stt\'icc on routes to South America,

In some areas,a 40% discount on 17 of its Boeing 707 Intercontinentals
tickets sold has been in practice for a 24 Cara-
originally ordered, as well as
the Fat East and Africa.
number of vears and still remains in xelles. 1liis year, the state airline will
India effect. Some Latin American airlines add an additional nine Caravelles. Fi-
hax'c confined operations to the most nallv, in 1962, the company xx-ill take
Air-India hopes to get a I'okyo-N’ew
profitable routes to ptoxide them xxith delivery of three additional Boeings,
York route through bilateral talks ex-
healthy load factor that permits a bringing its total jet fleet to 50 aircraft.
pected this spring between the United a

States and India and has geared its op- 20% fare discount. A
Peruvian airline Air France recently added Boeing equip-
offerii^ a 10% discount to all citi- ment on Paris-New
its York-Mexico
erations for aroimd-the-world service. is

Entry of the airline into New York City run, thus completing transition
last May with Boeing 707-420 turbojet
from piston to jet on all major routes.
•Air .Algeria, next-largest French car-
transports raised its year-end traffic s'ol-

iimc to 100,000 passengers. Three Japan Air Lines, held back during rier in terms of passenger loads, con-

most of 1960 in transpacific opera- tinuerl to benefit from high Icx-cls of

Boeing 707s now being flown logged a its

tions because of the lack of jet aircraft, traffic betxveen Algeria and France be-
daily utilization rate of 10.8 hr. on a
flight schedule of three weekly trips be- has plans 4or rapid expansion this year. cause of the Algerian conflict. Tlic
In 1960. the carrier's international pas- carrier last year hauled 600,000 passen-
tween Bombay and Nerv York, via Lon-
Bombay-London senger miles totaled 289 million, up gers. of which 22% xvere carried in the
don, plus trvo direct
flights.
from 249 million in 1959. Estimate for carrier’s four Caraxellcs.
-Air-lndia expected
is to increase this 1961 is 477 million international pas- The third largest French airline. Un-
frequency with the acceptance of a senger miles. Domestically, passenger ion .Aeromaritime dc Transport (UAT),

fourth Boeing sometime next month miles from 21 5 million to 277

rose whose routes mainly link Paris xvith

and has also been negotiating with its million; 1961 estimate is 247 million. Africa, reported a slight increase in

The end its fiscal year this

airline will passenger traffic to 201,000 passengers.
more 707s so as to begin phasing out
govemment for the purchase of hvo month about S700.000,
xvith a profit of During 1960 U.AT began operating its
largelx- due to steadily increasing traffic jet fleet of txvo Douglas DC-8s on the
Its piston-engine fleet of nine Lockheed
on its domestic routes. African run.
L-1049s. Tlie retired aircraft will prob-
abh’ be placed into service on Indian J.AL received its first four Douglas Traii^orts .Actiens Intercontinen-

Airways, the internal carrier of India. DC-Ss betxvecn August and December taux (^AI). France's fourth interna-
During the year, Air-India made of last x'ear. A fifth DC-8, scheduled tional airline, also prixately-oxvned, be-

maximum use of rer’emie pooling ar- for dclixerv in Mav, will be used to gan operating its first DC-8 on its Far
rangements with otha flag carriers: initiate flights to Europe on a polar Eastern and African routes. The com-
British Overseas Airways Corp. and route. Transpacific flights vx'ill be in- panv recently took delixery of its sec-
Qantas Empire Airways for services to creased to nine weekly— four through ond DC-R. .A third DC-8 is slated for

the U. S, Australia and Japan. Aeroflot San Francisco, three through Los carlv summer delixerx'. T.Al expects to
for sersiee to Moscow, and Czeeho- Angeles, and two through Seattle. begin through DC-S betxvecn
serx-ice

slosnkian Airlines for serxice to Prague. 'The first of three Conx-air 880-22M Paris and Los Angeles in May.
Similar maintenance pools also have jets xvill be delixered this summer and
are scheduled to go into serxicc to Czechoslovakia
been arranged on a gloWl basis for the
exchange of .spare parts and tools with Houg Kong and Southeast Asia, pro- eSA Czechoslox'ak Airlines hopes to
x'iding nll-jct on these routes.
serxice increase its capacity this year by one
all operators of Boeing airnaft.
An additional txvo 880s have recently third oxer 1960, when it carried a
South America been ordered for early 1962 delivery. record total of 730,000 passengers.
Chief problem throughout South A pool agreement signed last year Passenger ton miles floxvn during
.America during 1960 continued to xvith Air France for polar Rights has 1960 totaled 20,777.330; cargo ton
center around the passenger fare issue. been extended. Other JAL plans in- miles 3.765,105. Oxcrall I960 ton-mile
Despite a major conference of most clude extending its Southeast Asia route performance xvas 30,217,123.
South American governments and scs- noxv terminating in Bangkok on across During the same period, the Czech
era! meetings of air carriers operating Southern .Asia to London. Tliis pro- carrier extended its route nctxx-ork by

in the area in mox es to resoh e the rate posal faces dilficolty in securing rights 10.246 mi. to the present total of
question, rate-cutting continued to be through some of the countries inx oixcd. 26.746 mi. The airline operates Tu-
as rampant as it had been before offi- The airline also xvants rights beyond 104s. ll-lSs, Il-14s, an 11-12. L200
cial attempts to establish some stand- the U.S. Wiiit Coast to Nexv York Moravas and Aero 45s.
ards were made. and on across the North Atlantic for a eSA also is pushing ahead with a
.Although the International Air ronnd-thc-xvotld serx'ice. redex'dopment program for Prague-
Transport Assn, had adopted a rate Japan's second carrier, All-Nippon Ruzvne Airport, the airline’s home
schedule which had the iinanininus .Ainxavs. xvhich now flics onlv domestic base, scheduled to be completed by
support of LATA members, most car- routes blit seeks to enter the interna- 1965. A year ago most of the air-

riers svere unsvilling to bind themselves tional field, increased its sales 180% port’s outdated buildings xvere replaced

to a fare structure that verv likely would last xear. noxv flics alwut 40,000 pas- bx- a nexx- control tower and modem

be undermined by fare slashes of non- sengers a month. administration and passenger reception
I.AT.A carriers. facilities {AW Oct. 17. p. 47).
In one attempt to encourage con- At present, some 20 international
formity with fare standards, "undcrdc- France’s four international carriers airlines tbe Czech capital. CSA
sorxe
xclni)cd carriers” were allowed to sell all reported higher passenger and freight Czechoslox-ak Airlines operates regular
tickets at a rate 10% below the LATA loadings during 1960. scheduled serxiccs from Prague-Ruzyne
Lire levels. .As such caniers acquired Sfate-oxvned Air France, despite the to about 30 different capitals in
mote modem equipment that generally late-ycar strike of Boeing 707 pilots that Europe, the Middle East, Far East and
matched that of the major airlines, they'
refused to relinquish the 10% exemp-
lasted for several xveeks,
senger-kilometers were up
reported pas-
17.5% from
By 1960
Africa. More than txvo-thirds of its
domestic route nctxvork is also serxed
from Prague-Ruzyne.
Specifications
tion, leading most carriers to make 1959, totaling 4,290,000,000,

IS!
ISO AVIATION WEEK, March 13, 1961 AVIATION WEEK, March 13, 1961
 U. S. Military Aircraft

On Oclobcr 25. 1956, Major-General Ali Abu Nuwar. and 7th Armored Brigades to beef up the attack on the key
JordanianArmy Chief of Siaff. declared, "The lime has town of Abu Ageila which was holding the advance- But a
come for Ihe Arabs lo choose ihe appropriate lime to reconnaissance unit discovered undefended Daika Pass, 10
launch the assault for Israel’s destruciion." miles west, and Dayan poured through his 7th Armored.
Unfortunately for the Arab alliance, they had massed Abu Ageila. snared in a pincer. quickly fell.

troops and gathered arms, but had not planned for re- This combat fle.xibility based on well planned aerial
connaissance a military basic. On October 29. Israeli
, , . and ground reconnaissance key-noted the Israeli assault . .

task forces slammed into Egypt, capturing initial objectives helped make the famous Sinai “week-end" War a classic
against confused resistance. Since shelllire and combat c.xample of textbook military success.
had become commonplace along the Israeli borders in
1956, the Egyptian High Command guessed after the llrst
Today, CAI's specialty in reconnaissance is helping shape history
day's onslaught that these attacks were merely reprisals. to theadvantage of the Free World, Typical of CAI conlribulions is
Lacking reconnaissance "eyes", they could not detect the Ihe Integrated Reconnaissance Intelligence System. Known as
Israeli deep penetration tactics. IRIS, the system features rapid processing and the ability to pro-
Battling against lime as well as the Egyptians, the duce super-clear photos at any speed, any altitude, day or night
The IRIS system is In production and available now.
Israeli strike force often relied on reconnaissance lo de-
!l CAI's
velop command decisions. Kor instance. General Dayan.
Sighi
Israeli Chief of StalT, was about to launch his Jlh Infantry ;
CAI

CHICAGO AERIAL INDUSTRIES, INC.

WEST NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, BARRINGTON,
880 ILLINOIS • olliees; OAYTON, LOS ANGELES, WASHINGTON, D.C,
OTHER DIVISIONS: KINTRONIC, CHICAGO AERIAL SURVEY, Franklrn Park, Illinois; PACIFIC OPTICAL CORP„ Inolewood, Calif.
183 AVIATION WEEK.
 • SPECIFICATIONS

PERFORMANCE ARMAMENT CHRONOLOOV

1
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13, I9d1 184 185 AVIATION WEEK,

 .NOE

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iVarch 13, 1961 1B6

• SPECIFICATIONS

U.S. Space Vehicles and Rockets

 • SPECIFICATIONS

U.S. Civil and Military Transports

POWERP.*NT

1 i i i

ps:L pw If
H,k-2 Ipr D44i,4ed U. xW b»v, „,!»* X xnd impx.n^ « xbrtx, proU, W »«. «d pta.X
airs:-
oeo.DOO

B.nUlkUb. &.
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S'”" '“?;SS

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IM lx
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aira- ss 'tisBrSi;
“•" ' '• " ’
AfroieUGmcnl

Acn,,.uC»«.l

Atwjft-CeGtnl
Ipr

lx
4,000

4.IW

4.100+
i
AtbMKn«.^Gb 3SU rxrioJ +M lb. nnylond lo 66 mil4 nlliludr. Vrtlfln undx di-rrlopmuil «ill ciXad .llitndc «p 84 xilx.

A.h.UcB»,MGh
_ ^JL

R«,ir=,. MGrr«V.Thic*.l >x A nmirbx ol nxinliom Ltf. "U" indl.^lx 4 lUm. "e'' mxxS.X.

-s
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TbiGbrJ •X S.300 Sik. Oun nOxcd b, Mx,,uxd. If»xr) nx. JATO M4 Sik# » 1« .l«e.

— 4..4IO 100.1b x>lxd» 100 xlVia»Udc.

Sulfod llGrn>k. ThiGba •pr 2.4l«i n«krl MIX .stkf JATO M-6ii»l«»t«». Sinilx lo Klit CAjun. Abo «IW Pylbiw.

Punfln'^cf HcrruM 5.76 lo. PFAR rxknl iiotromrolnl lx xondioi oipmnimw.

7, #00 A.fbonrhH POMKllliO roGkrI: 10 lb. xylood.

Uxiinod to rorr; iioylood op to 126.000 ft.

Txt npplixiion to ToUlx opxnlioxd tnWb nfapoi. lytfo..

«>3 OISWA IW MMb lx>cl.

U/l R..V..A.... XLR^PNAJ IU5 Mrnob loixUl'SAF doBcnnllon g-13.

WO RockcUyGe A-- lx ;»,ooo NASA hu iKitrknxd 6 lx NbxUUd Ixliiln( ot Proi.tl Mxtur, ,.iloU.

lX^.n«J X 0, n«..x (rxn 300 ,o 60,000 r..nr«i Irxn «, M.cb 7.

i TBsa 5.500

.00 g -X «,uoo
U. S. Gas Turbine Engines

AVIATION WEEIC, March 13, 1961

U. S. STOL & VTOL Aircraft

• SPECIFICATIONS

U. S. Civil and Military Rotary-Wing Aircraft

S lii

iiiijilit IIS Si

I3S "s’fSflSSlfcE?""'’

KH.I6 a«*M.bw
“isa.'s-
1 ! 1
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E: j;:2gliar*
W I I ai' ai' L. lO.m OiOriwrrarr

^
1 . i.Miir 11-11 in-
• •- •,r,„rMrr«||0«, ,5« 1S.«0 SaA«iari,.l«.,liron.r.

ssjs; 1
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1:H| |ir
f
i SkjTTM. !

1
Him#

(SJi?;;
5?" 'nMI - ^icllon^al"v4

AVIATION WEEK, March 13, 1961

 • SPECIFICATIONS

U. S. Personal and Business Aircraft

Leading Foreign Gas Turbines

!!! Ill
115 a, ~p5=a=

S:S- iSi

SABENA CARAVELIE

AVIATION WEEK. AVIATION WEEK, March 13, 1961 199

CONTIN-ENTAL
p recise power
is p referred power
for a wide range of

J69 Turbojet for Manned

aerospace j obs
Aircraft

/ \
1/

Model 10470-D Fuel Model PE-150

Injection Engine Continental
J69 Turbojet for Target Packette
Missiles

Model FS0526-A Helicopter

Engine

V T72 Turboprop- turboshaft

^ Rounding out Continental Motors' line of reciprocoting engines for aircraft
and ground support use, CAE offers turbines of three basic types: turbo-
compressors, lurboprop/turboshaft models from 400 to 1,200 hp end
turbofan, turbojets developing 1 ,000 to 4,000 lbs. thrust, Dependability and
low cost, resulting from simplicity of design, make CAE preferred power for
—
Engine
a widening ronge of applications in fixed-wing, rotary- wing and VTOI STOL
aircraft, and ground effect machines.

Both CMC and CAE ora axcaptionolly well qualified to

occept RStD assignments in the aircraft-aerospace field.

tomtimemtal Mlatmirs rammiraMcm

AIRCRAFT ENGINE DIVISION • MUSKEGON. MICHIGAN

Model 141-A Turbo- CONTINENTAL AVIATION & ENCINEERING CORPORATION

cDiTipressor
12700 KERCHEVAL, DETROIT 15, MICHIGAN

200
 • SPECIFICATIONS
I

The first T-38 Talons will arrive at Randolph Air Force Base this
month. These new supersonic twin-jet trainers, designed by Northrop
for USAF, combine high performance with maximum pilot safety and
aerodynamic stability. Before long every USAF pilot who learns to fly

today's military aircraft will be trained |U A DTU DAD

^
in the supersonic safety of the T-38.
 I

USSR Military and Civil Aircraft

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13, 1941
 • SPECIFICATIONS

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105,000 3 R^*^Bli3 01
 LEADING FOREIGN AIRCRAFT. MILITARY AND CIVIL

CORPOUATION
present genuine challenge to scientists
and engineers of demonstrated competence
"To preserve our free insliiulions, ii is Specific responsibilities of the new Aerospace Corporation is currently
corporation include advanced systems seeking scientists and engineers capa-
absoliilely essential that the United
analysis, research and experimentation, ble of meeting genuine challenge and
means of
States find the most effective initial systems engineering, and gen- with proven ability in the fields of:
advancing the science and technology eral technical supervision of new Space booster project engineering
of space and also of applying them to systems through their critical phases.
• Spacecraft design and analysis
military space systems. This is the mis- The broad charter of Aerospace • Aerothermodynamics
sion of Aerospace Corporalion'.' Corporalion offers its scientists and
engineers more than the usual scope • Solid rocket research
Ivan A. Getting for creative expression and significant Nuclear rocket propulsion
achievement, within a stimulating
President • Ion and plasma propulsion
atmosphere of dedication to the public
Aerospace Corporation interest. Chemical propulsion
Aerospace Corporation scienti.sts Large scale weapons operations
and engineers are already engaged in a research
In accomplishing its mission, this non-
wide variety of specific systems proj-
protit public service organization per- • Weapon system reliability planning
ects and forward research programs,
forms the unique role of space systems under the leadership of scientist/ • Vehicle control systems
architect. Aerospace Corporation pro- administrators including corporation
vides scientific and technical leadership president Dr. Ivan A. Getting, senior
Those qualified and experienced in
to the science/industry team responsi- these and related fields are urged to
vice president Allen F- Donovan, and
ble for developing complete space and direct their resumes to:
vice presidents Edward J. Barlow.
ballistic missile systems on behalf of William W
Drake, Jr., Jack H. Irving, Mr. James M. Benning, Room lOl,
the United States Air Force. and Chalmers W. Sherwin. EO. Box 95081, Los Angeles 45, Calif.

AEROSPACE CORPORATION
A new and vita! force engaged in accelerating the advancement of space science and technology

208 AVIATION 13, 1961 209

 LEADING FOREIGN AIRCRAFT, MILITARY AND CIVIL

0 to 5,000 feet (can be

modified to higher
altitudes)
Accuracy independent of
speed
Lightweight (10.5 lbs.,
including indicator)
Rugged ..small (only
73.5 cu. in.)
Solid state circuitry
Low altitude reliability
iracy or ±2
yhichever greater

[vision

210
• SPECIFICATIONS • SPECIFICATIONS
• begins with the first dollar. In effect,
GE thus is fighting the theorv that no
BILLIONS company-sponsored project should be
supported 100%.
Most companies feel that the aver-
age percentage for all companies will
wind up around 50%. Only Grumman
so far has given any indication of the
cost to industry when it wrote off S814.-
000 after taxes in making adjustments
for sharing in the third quarter last

Though not catastropliic. such costs

represent in the industry view another
hard turn or two in the screws tiglitcn-
ing down profits and offer little encour-
agement of any salve being applied to
complaints over declining margins.
United Aircraft Corp. Chainnan II.
M. Homer discussed the R&D problem
in detail in a recent speech to the
Boston Society of Security Analysts, the
significant passages of which follow;
’’.
United covers its R&D in three
. .
U. S. Aerospace Employment
ways. First is direct research and
development contracts from the cus- (In Thousands)
tomer, usually the government. These
can be cost-plus or fixcd-pricc and you
may be surprised to know that better
TEN-YEAR RECORD uf aerospace industry sales and backlog— 1960 estimated—as reported by the Aerospace Industries Assn. Other esti-
than 50% of out direct R&D contr.icts
mates—the SEC-FTC survey—indicate higher 1960 sales of approximately $12.5 billion. arc fixed price. Sometimes we take an
awful beating-hut we feel it’s worth

R&D Costs Temper Financial Outlook

it because wc have quite a measure
of freedom front government inter-
ference . . .
Production Workers:

By William H. Gregory ment regulation tightened the strap AlEernote Method

further by requiring companies to share 268 1

Aerospace companies might reasonably expect a better year in 1961 than "The second way is through across-
the costs of company sponsored R&D
1960 with its spasm of write-offs—especially if a rising stock market is a reliable that formerly was covered in overhead.
the-board
this
allocation as overlicad. In
based on product cost tlic
case,
i 13 9

barometer. The fundamental reasons given

research and engineering cxjrcnsc is pro-
95 3
On the plus side of the scale the si2e of the market, forecast to equal were understandable- With budgets
is

1960’s total of S12.5 billion. This includes National Aeronautics and Space
squeezed, the Defense Department
rated regardless of whether the cus-
tomer is the militiirv or commercial.
ii
found it was holding the tab tor many 88.0
Administration and commercial sales as well as military. These two ways were the only ways 95Z .. 62.7
projects in which it had no strong .

What concerns many managements is on the other side of the scale. Besides CTirrent interest, that it had no control
of absorbing our until three R&D
years ago.
the old standbys of low profit margins, intense competition and technological over the burgeoning industrial R&D ",\t that time the military started to
Totol Employment:
transition, there is a growing problem summed up by one executive's phrase effort. In some cases, especially in the
pick and choose which ptojerts it would
“sharing the wealth,” or related manifestation, buying a hand avionic field, the government also
its in major permit to be cov cred in actoss-the-board
found itself paying for development of
competitions. overhead absorption regardless of
a profitable commercial product.
whether the product in question lud
Assuming tlie industry really has today is a matter of conjecture. It's Industry has said little publicly since
provide for oiir
purged itself of drastic cHarges against unlikely though that any company has it is obviously hard to quarrel with the
military potential.
future as we siiw
'I'o

wc felt vve h.id to Z :

earnings, companies should be in a far

healthier condition this vear. One ago the Defense Depart-
aims
there
of the program.
is a
But privately
feeling in specific cases the
go ahead with certain
it.

projects even iii ii

tliougli the military refused to accept
former aerospace company financial ment began on more company
to insist military has denied a requirement for a
the engineering enst.s in overhead.
officer who now looks at the industry sponsored programs, on products the svstem or product that the manufac-
“It is this class of project R&D
from outside believes companies who military could buy on an off-the-shelf turer believed did exist. This, if true,
vvliich vve now to as ’comi>any-
refer
took their baths last year are now in basis. Then last year, a new procure- would mean more of the trend that
their soundest condition in five years. started with cuts in progresspayments
financed’ and the tliird wav United
is Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers:
at present covers its R&D
although
in 1957 to shift some of the govern-
Profit Pressure ’cover' is a painful description for it is
Biggebt Problem of ment's financing problems to industry. $2 72 82 «7 82 70
riglu out of profit.s.
Or will companies find the spec- Negotiations have been under wav be-
tacular write-offs of the commercial jet
Defense Business? "Our 3,000 lb. thrust jet. the J IT2,
2 H 2 X9
tween cognizant services and about 40 which has the military dtsignation J60,
programs that brought deficits to a few Doing business with the government companies over sharing percentages for 2 37
is an example of tliis third category.
replaced for all by costs of company has a set of problems all its own. But 1961. General Electric’s position under-
W'hile the military refused to accept iz
funded research and development, in analyzing them, the comment of a scores the area of military-industry dis- 1
major avionic eonipany should be kept the engineering and development costs
diversification,or overoptimistic and agreement.
in current overhead, it did agree to 2.00
overcompetitive bidding that drain
“Our biggest complaint about the de-
GE might be willing to accept a flat
accept such charges as an dement of
profits even wltile not erasing them 2 05
dollar limitation, or even sharing in
fense business is that we don’t have cost if and when it procured the engine.
entirely? How deep the share-the- some form, but it opposes the principle 'Ibis in effect meant capitalizing the
wealth problem and its corrallaries cuts of the military negotiators that .sharing engineering expense as bir as govem-

21i AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961

 • SPECIFICATIONS
went, although, of course,
inciit pricing scsere repercussions on the industry or
you midctshind that on United’s books indisidnal companies;
allresearch and desclopnicnt is writtcii Consolidations.
** Too many eomp.mies are seeking too
••\VelkTm happy to say the |60 is little business, in tlie opiiiioii of many
nosv in the military program ... So industn- leaders and a need for .wane
we liope tlirough promiction prices sort a( consolidation as that Britain
Some day to get our dcselopmcnt undertook is often recommended. But
cvircnsc ‘Iwif' back— phis a iiomiat as practical fact, most companies have
held out for mergers that nnuld
'
I’or the corponition as a whole this strengtheu their own eap;ibililie\ to
uiiMipported. or conipain-financcd, ex- compete rather than reduce the imnilier
pense amounted to Si 1 million in 1958. of competitors. I extron's acquisition of
S2S million in 1959 and just under Bell .Aircraft last sear falls in the latter
$-1(1 million in 19(i0. hooking to the
future, wc expect it will amount to I'oiccd combinations as lluise in
some S50 million in 1961 and maybe Britain are unlikely in the U.S., but the
"
around S60 million in 1962 . . . situation is ripe for iiiuilmit.iry acquisi-
lonier did not mention the effect of
1 tions on the order of Ling-Tcmco’s ef-
the nuire recent sharing edict, hnt told fortIII bin control of Chaiiee Voiight
Avmto-v WrAX later this has meant Corp. or Martin Co.’s purchase of Gen-
th.it United simply had to drop some eral Precision Kquipmenl Corp. stock
worthwhile projects since enough funds after its offer of acquisition b\' exchange
were not asailahle. of stock was rejected. Suits charging
Two inilitarx airplanes which the aiiti-tnist liolatimi filed by both Chance
J60 engine powers. North .\mcricairs Vuiiglit ;iiid GPK indicate the resistance
T-59 Siibrclincr and the Lockheed to be expected bs- managcnicnts to im-
C-HO letStar. were comijans funded welcome consolidation.
as (lie engine was. It was nearly S?0
million in capitali/ed JetStar costs Favorable Climate
Lockheed wrote off in mid-1960 that Esen so, a sariety of circunistanecs
made up about half of its first six will still fasur further moves of this sort.
months deficit. Aggressise managements of companie.s
the effect of company-supported
I'liiis that base amassed sizable net worths
projects on earnings is painfully clear. during the Iasi decade, backed In W’all
The big question still remaining; ssill Street interests keenly aware of the
enough company-funded projects ceent- biillisli market for stocks with the right
uallywind up in the program at all or at tetluiological aura, will continue to niid
prices th:it svill enstr tlicir dcs elopmeiit uttractisc acquisitions to expand their
own cjp.ibilitics.
meet the requiieineiits necessitated such I'hcit sometimes iimvilling piirtiiers
Procurement Dilemma drastic tesision of lloffman’s internal ill marriage may base assets besides
Kffect of the related problems of prodnetiem metluuls that bad been sat- technical skills; funds not put to use
mcrcial airplane field. Only Boeing, come obsolete and Inis done the plan- there were optimistic signs, but akso
oseroptimistic bidding, busing hands isfiietors' for production of the prede- effcctivch- in the busings itself or in
with reorders trickling in for existing 707 iiing to base sucassor programs coming some dissenting voices:
sersioiis or new orders for iicsv members along in sarious stages of dcselopmcnt. • .Airlines had a disappointing I960
and price cutting is not so clearis- cessor.ARN-21B sets that Hoffman rc- discrsificatiuii. prospective drop in
or
delineated. Compounding these mani- portedb lost S8 million on the SdO solume that makes stockholders susce|)l- of the family as the 727, seems to base Risks of defense contracting are more when profit.s fell to S4 million for

festations of increased competition is a reasonable chance of recovering its or less the same as any other business, flunk carriers, the lowest sina- 1949.
ible to a proxy solicitation, or a lack of
plight of the procurement officer with .A more or less similar gamble, that financial sophistication that has left
investment at this point. and Bergen added that defense contrac- But some financial analysts detected
the Congressional Small Business Com- potential dcselopmcnt problems might their share prices in a rclatisely disad-
-Martin Co. believes the primars' ques- tors arc often insulated from the fluctu- what they felt were indications the cost
mittee or the General .Accounting not tie IIS Lostls as feared, worked out santaEcons position with companies that tion is what fields not to enter. Ahirtin ations of pure commercial enterprisc. curve was turning down after a long,
unfasorabK for 'l hiokol Chemical Corp. President W. B. Bergen commented I'urthcrmorc, he contends, cost-plus
Office peering eser his shoulder. ha\e Teamed to keep their Wall Street
1’erluip.s to protect himself he feels on its Mimitemim solid pru|>cllant first fences mended.
teccntlv; "Every day wc resist plans to business can produce a reasonable profit stocks perked up at a time when earn-
he must seek eompetitise bids on a stage contract. Cost oseriuns on this • niscisificafioii. diversify into fields in which wc are \ery if the contractor is skilled enough to ings were at low ebb.
desclopmeiit prinianlv Isascd on a pro- program contributed substantially to hot the toiiipins that recognizes one capable indeed, but which do not fit our hold down costs. Business aircraft manufacturers felt

posal trom a single cemipans, a situa- cutting nUokol profits for the first nine horn of this dilemma— that it cannot overall concepts.” their markets would continue to grow'.
Martin, be said, could base gotten Point of View A'et declines in general business had
tion that breeds price slusing and months of I960 from SR.4 million the affordnot to divetsifv— mav also soon
complaints of proprietarv gisc-awass. sear before million and deeper into building Titan intercon- I’tom this, apparent that anv
it is them watching carcfullv for trouble.
to S5.5 pre- ha' the other; that it has not benefited
Similarly, the procurement officer iiias' sented entering later, more profitable tinental ballistic missile sites, but Mar- analysis of the problems of aerospace One m.mufiietutcr, Piper, bluntly fore-
diversification cither.
tin decided it was a defense contractor companies depends a great deal nn point cast lower earnings, not only because of
find himself facing the dilemma of a phases of the |)rogram, Most aerospace' companies now recog-
and not in the consfmetion business. of view. start-ii]) costs of a new plant, but also
low bid of questionable competence Coiitrosersy arose oser pricing in nize that discrsification outside their
sersns 200K Bergen scoffed at the concept of • Attitude of the new administration because of an expected switch by cus-
a liiglier bid backed by N.VS.A's liquid hsxltogcn rocket own marketing experience is bucking the
superior engineering and production cutting down defense \oluinc ;ind re- on defense spending. tomers to lower price aircraft us the
engine .isvard to Rocketdync. Aerojet- odds. Curtiss Wright scntiirccl into the
I’lilher decision
placing it with commercial business, a Not onlv is this as vet an unanswered economy retrenched.
skills, is apt to he General. sshich bid S66 million, said textile field withits Curon plastic and
\ iewpoint in ivhich he is not alone. De- question, but the possibilities of new Problems similar to those of the auto-
Rocketdsne's S44 million price did not wound up selling the process to a textile
companies find another set spite the low profit margins and poten- moves for disaniiaiiicnt arc major un- motise industrs- arc being encountered
.\vionic enstr certain test phases N.AS.A would company. Chana Vonght's initial year
llnwcser, by the business plane makers. Inscn-
tial contract canailations in the defense certainties for the industry,
of problems in still another related later askfor— though N.ASA has not re- in the niohiie home business was ad-
These arise in contracts under the sised the contract and it still stands at
business. Martin specializes in defense Russia’s Venus shot and its a^rcssive- tories of I960 airplanes were high at
are,i. mittedly a disappointment.
and intends to stick to its specialty, ness in the Congo and Lms would seem scar end, and |)rodnction cutback.s are
new .AGREE (,A\\' June 1 3, p. 87) re- the original figure. The is.siic mav still Es'cn diversifieation within one’s own
Beigcn said. to indicate little de-empliasis in cither the result at the factories- Customers,
liability procedures- Hoffman Elec- he aired in Congress. capabilitiesmav be an excursion into
Program cancelations need not be U. S. militars' or space programs on the concerned hs’ the recession, are shop-
tronics was first to undertake a major .\cros[)iicc eoiiipanie.s confront a the desert. Witness the expcriciia of
fatal, be said, if a contractor recognizes ping around carefiillv and delaving pur-
production contract under the pro- group of problem areas, ans one of the turbine transport manufacturers,
ARN-21C Tacan To
that some weapons inci'itablv will be- In important areas of cmil aviation chases often.
cedures, for sets. wliicb, like the foregoing, could base none of which were mn iccs in the com-
AVIATION 13 , 1961
 SPACE SYSTEMS: FROM TALENTS TO HARDWARE
P LOOK TO GENERAL PRECISION
FOR DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION
AND SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT
The talents and capabilities of the four divisions of
General Precision, Inc., are heavily represented in the latest
space systems, as well as in space-age hardware and weapons

f of all categories. The divisions are responsible for some system,

subsystem or component on virtually every space vehicle, satellite,
missile, rocket and aircraft now in operation or development.

To make these broad capabilities available to the fullest of their

combined potential. General Precision, Inc., has consolidated its
four divisions for the systems management of major
new space and weapons projects,
A major space program can now draw upon more than
2'^k million square feet of combined Genera! Precision
floorspace and over 16,000 General Precision employees,
including 4,500 scientists, engineers and technicians.

This combination of talents and facilities, backed by the

corporate flnancia! resources of General Precision, Inc.,
makes it possible to develop, produce and manage a space system
as an integrated package.

GENERAL PRECISION'S DEMONSTRATED CAPABILITIES:

NAVIGATION, COMPUTER DETECTION, SIMULATION

GUIDANCE TECHNOLOGY TRACKING. LOGISTIC
AND CONTROL CENTAUR ACQUISITION SUPPORT
SAMOS POLARIS CENTAUR
MIDAS ASROC BOM ARC-8
VENUS STUDY ASROC
ATLAS SUBROC
PERSHING TALOS SUBROC
NAVY AIRBORNE NAVY ASW
POLARIS BOMB-NAV 6-58
FIRE CONTROL
SUBROC F-106A
POLARIS
BOMARC'B AIR TRAFFIC A3J-1
SKYSOLT CONTROL F8U-1 &2
B-52 DC-e
707
880

TODAY’S
DBMQHSrOATBO
ACHieVSMENTS
SHAPE
TOMORROW

GENEFIAL PRECISION. INC.

S2 6c/tf Sireel, Mew York 33. Mew York
 REMBHHYin depth, from research through production

11- (leveiopmciit. KjiperUacea —gained in Ihe lahs, t.

In i-liisc cooperation with the -Vrmy and prime con- riight tests with ^•irtualIy 1(X)% relia!)ility. All have contributed mightily to advancing the total

tractors . . . Thiokol designs, develops and jn'odnees Anny’s advanced thinking are provided by other
state of the art. Additional capabilities for

propulsion systems in wide variety to meet the most Thiokol Divisions. Utah, for large engine production— R-MD, for sophisticated liquid systems
stringent military i'e<niiremcnts. The associations are — and Elkton, for diversified special motors.

ARMY distinguished by a series of major breakthroughs in

propulsion engineering— begiiniing with small rocket
motors for tactical fi(dd use and carrying through to
massi\-e poweiidants for anti-missile and satellite ap-
plication. Allhave checked out in static firings and
Through fluid programming of

opment and production, Thiokol maintains a

assignments, and
strategic enlargement of facilities for research, devel-

capability to meet any current and future propulsion

challenge — military or space.
live
THIOKOL
320 221
 FLEET BALLISTIC SUBMARINES

assignment: make a complex missile system work

That was, and is, Vitro’s key role in our nation’s surface and undersea missile fleet. For Vitro has had
the job of combining the many talents involved in converting and outfltting each missile ship shown
above. With that experience ari'l with special techniques it developed for those jobs. Vitro has the
ability to fit the many parts together into an effective system. Working with DOD personnel, other
contractors and shipyards, Vitro’s experienced technical men solve perennial interface problems and
handle complex modern weapon systems from concept through checkout. BALLISTIC MISSILE EARLY WARNING SYSTEM uiLir vllo ,il C:k-:ir. \|j>Lu » sixtmd <>l llircv mU", ill llio KMI TVS ml.

i/tfra
VITRO LABORATORIES.'DivisIon of Vitro Corporstlon of Americs/SILVER SPRING, MD.* WEST ORANGE, N.J.-EQLIN AFB, FLA
Avionics
AVIATION WEEK, Morch 13. 1941 223
 finally jerked free; his parachute opened
oitly 250 feet from the ground. He
landed amid constant shelling and spo-
radic gassing. Painfully wounded in the
head and lightly gassed, Udet escaped to

his lines.
The next day, he climbed into
Fokker and shot down a SPAD
36th kill.
a new
for his HAVE FACILITIES
was June, 1918. The D. VII, then new

...CAN DELIVER!
It
was making a valiant effort to
in service,
recapture air supremacy for Germany.
Powered by Mercedes or B.M.W. engines
in a range of 160 to 220 hp., the plane
achieved maximum speeds of 120 to
135 mph.
A slightly built lad of 18 when w
broke out, Udet was rejected for mili-
tary service alfirst, but soon became a

dispatch rider at the front. In 1915, Promises, promises?

while on leave,
he took lessons al Certainly not. The greatly expanded
flying school
production facilities of Leach Corpora-
tion make prompt delivery of relays for

critical aerospace and electronic require-

ments a reality.
'
from the war as
Actually, this year -we’ve doubled
ERNST UDET Germany’s greal-
.‘Death flies faster"
, ,
our production capacity with new, ultra-
Always an outstanding aerobatic artist,
he revolutionized stunt flying and
modern facilities. This means Leach will
became a public idol as “The Flying
Fool" in the ’20s. In the next decade he
continue to serve its present customers
helped develop the dive bombers and
fighters that were to terrorize the world.
and will be able to meet growing
He became a Colonel-General and Chief
of the Technical Department of Hiller’s
demands from other industries.
Air Ministry.
Never a confirmed party member. Udet
Expansion is nothing new to Leach.
became a victim of Nazi intrigue. On
Fortunately, we’ve always been faced
November 18, 1941, it was announced
he had suffered fata! injuries while test-
ing a new weapon. But for the man who
with an exceptional demand for an
maintained that "Death flies faster!’ it
exceptional line of products.
was a bullet in the brain that brought
death. Ernst Udet had killed himself.
That’s not bragging... that’s stat-
tltlACH CORPC
Heritage of the Air
ing a 41-year history of growth.
One of the most inspiring chapters in
the history of technical evolution is the
story of the men and flying machines of
World War I. It is the highly person-
alized story of brave men and the —
FALL OF THE FLYING FOOL wood, wire, linen and rudimentary tech-
nologies that converted manpower to
For power conversion systems,
airpower. Today, Leach Corporation electronic subsystems an<3 electro-
The Aniencan-iloMn Brefiiiet hovered al 2.GOO feel, direi liii^ back into |ii>silioii and spiaved the slarllrd German with his
observes its 41st year in electronics with mechanical components to meet
arlillcrj fire mirth iif the foreat of Villers-CoUerels. lielmv, .1 twin Lewis puns.
the prwentalion of this Heritage of the the requirements of the space age...
hniwn haze
lines.
till'
Suddenly,
Rre^uet's
of smoke and dust covered

tail.
a bri;:htl)
One
colored Fokker
short burst of fire from
am) the observer's head disappeared into the cockpit. Sure of
bis kill, the envim maneuvered
ihe iiiorninf; battle
I), VH swept
tlic

for a side shot as the heav\

in
German
on
The Fokker bucked and nosed
shot Ihroupli and its
into a left turn,
aileron controls shattered.
its elevators
The crippled ^ LOOK TO LEACH
Technical Director jor Heritage oj the
Breauel ran for home. — — Air Kimbrough Brown, LEACH CORPORATION, 18435 Susana Road, Compton, California
There his |iaraclinle harness hooked to the fallinp Fokker is Lt. Col. S.
As came was the G.ennan Aim Krn.st rdel, He slnipplcd furiouslv and VSAF. EXPORT: LEMH INTERNATION*!, S. A.
the Fokker to within 20 yards, the oltserver |)o[)ped

225
 • AVIONICS

Avionics Competitive Squeeze Tightens

By Philip |, Klass Today avionics companies generally
accept competition gracefully, at
this
“Avionics business will undergo a significant change during the next several
tliey accept com-
least as gracefully as
years as a direct rcsidt of the current trend toward more complex weapon sys- petition from within tlicir own tanks.
tems, procured in smaller quantities, and the needs of the nation’s space In most of the satellite vehicle com-
program.” petitions held by the National Aero-
nautics and S|iacc Administration, botli
This forecast in Aviaiion Week two years ago (AtV Mar. 9, 1959, p. 213)
are to be found among tlic bidders in
could well serve with cliaiigcs in verb tense to describe what is now taking
roughly equal numbers.
place in this field. Aircraft conipaitits seeking diversifi-
From the standpoint of technological advances the industry is bullish and cation via the avionics field will find
has every right to be. A fundamentally new development as the optical maser competition tougher, usually, than they
liave known in their original field of
that a decade or two ago would have sta^cred the imagination of engineers
endcavor-both in terms of severit}' and
and scientists is a crowd of equally dramatic advances.
almost lost in numbers of competitors.
Despite indications tliat the percent- During a recent Nasw competition Observers believe that they will find
age of Defense Department funds go- to select a second-source producer for it necessary to establish their avionics
ing into avionics and military electronics the Biillpup air-to-surfacc missile, ap- operations as autonomous corporate en-
is increasing modestly each vear. more proximately 30 companies submitted tities. as North -\mcric.in did witli its
companies arc showing the economic bids— tlic largest number eset to com- Autoneties Division, to strip away need-
pinch in their sales and profit figures for pete for a missile contract. Knowing less corporate overhead and red tape
the year and quarter just coinplcted- that competition is going to be tough and enable them to compete on more
Tiie reason is plain; skyrocketing ex- forces industry estimators to sharpen favorable terms.
pansion of the avionics and military their pencils and pare their prices. Possibly the greatest challenge to the
electronics industry has outstripped the avionics industry today is in the field
expansion of the market. The impact FAA Attitude
of reliability. As the nation leans more
has been heaviest on smaller companies, FAA’s Bureau of Research and Dc- heavily on ballistic missiles which can
born during the past decade, which let selopmcnt has taken a tough attitude not be operationally exercised as com-
their hopes and ambitions outrun their in its contract negotiations as a result pletely as an aircraft, ei’cn with ground
cash reserves. This has led to a spate of the current oscrsupply of available checkout equipment, the price of un-
of small-firm mergers and acquisitions, contractors. In fact, some companies reliability grows and can be measured
sometimes between companies snfFcting say that the FAA, and particularly BRD, in terms or the extra missiles and launch
from the same disease. is far touglier than any of the military sites which must be built to assure the
Even the giants arc feeling the effect, departments. abilit)'to place the required number on
if not yet a pinch. One of the nation’s Vet unlike the consumer products target if needed.
largest military manufac-
electronics end of the electronics industry, where Recent experience with the AGREE
turers has cut back cmplosincnt 1 5- sagging sales and profits cause gloom test procedures (AW Jan. 23, p, 91)
20%, primarily in nsanufacturing. In to liaiig heavy at industry meetings, tlic indicates that management has so inanv
one respect, the giants feel the pinch avionics and military electronics end of otiicr pressing problems that it docs not
more than the smaller firms. Thc^ the business is buoyed by the potential give sufficient attention to reliability
traditionally ha\c depended upon profits promise of new products and new tech- unless forced to do so by rigorous proof
from large-scale production contracts to niques emerging from the laboratory. tests whicli must be passed before tire
uiidcnsTite losses or low profit margins Not all of these hopes are realized, but customer will take delivery and make
on development programs. Mam’ of the disappointments arc salved bv still payment. This suggests that the De-
smaller firms have learned from their newer products and tccliniques which fense Department will make increasing
inception how to exist on development take their place. use of rigorous proof tests and probably
and small-scale production profit mar- Unquestionably the most significant will peg allowable contractor profit mat-
gins, industrv' wide development is in the gin.s to the re.sults of such tests.
T«'o years ago Aviatson com- field of microelectronics and inolcc- But such tests in themselves do not
mented; “Low profit developments, tronics, a subject engaging tlic attention improve reliability— they merely sort out
this is a man you shouid know. . . a Deiavan iuei injection speciaiist which some companies accept in hope
of recouping on subsequent large-scale
of dozens of companies. (Sec |i. 239.)
Anotlier line of demarcation, whose
tire unreliable.
improvement
To achieve significant
in reliability levels re-
jjroduction, will sap the industry’s finan- fading began some years ago, has now quires increased attention to the tiniest
cial strength unless Defense Depart- been all but erased. 'This is the line dct.iils in development, design and man-

QUALITY This is Bob Triplett making a point. And, you can be sure
nozzle will be better because of it. Bob is Delavan's
ment revises the profit margin it allows
on development and studv programs.”
wliicli separates “aircraft manufac-
turers” from "electronics mamifactur-
ufacturing.
This is the philosophy behind the

PRODUCTION IS the fuel Plant Superintendent. His prime responsibility is maintain-

To date, the Defense Department has
gisen no indication that it recognixes
ers,” Witliin recent weeks practically
the last holdouts among the aircraft
Air Force’s Minuteman program, where
.\ntonetics as the guidance and control
flic problem, or intends to allow liighcr firms, including McDonnell and Doug- system contractor has set up an elabo-
HIS RESPONSIBILITY ing Delavan’s reputation as an excellent manufacturing profit margins on R&-D work. Nor is it las, announced plans to expand their rate. and costly, program to improve
operation. This means integrating Delavan's skilled personnel, precision machines likely to do so unless it secs signs of toehold in tlic avionics business. the quality of all components and con-
real distress in the industry, and fircrc Six years ago, when the first signs of trol their rcliabilitv levels in the vendors
and manufacturing techniques. Deiavan mass produces thousands of reliable fuel are no such cs’idenecs yet. this trend were first reported {.\\V Dec. plants, (AW Dee. 12, p. 99.) If this
injectors each year ... at economical prices.
DCLAVAIM In tact,
for business is
industry's present eagerness
welcomed in most quar-
27, 1954, p. 42), there was concern
and resentment by many avionics com-
program achieves improvement of
eral orders of magnitiidc in component
sev-

get to know Deiavan fuel injection speciaiiets ters of the Defense Department and panies that had long worked witli air- relialnlity which is being sought, its
Federal Aviation Agency, another major craft companies as partners wito now impact will be felt throughout the
source of avionics business. saw them emerging as competitors.
226
AVIATION WEEK. March }3, 1961
 • AVIONICS • AVIONICS
l-'or example, the first installation of defined. As both the military and indus-
the new equipment is scheduled to go try have found when have thev pur-
into the new Boston traffic control cen- chased computers, procedures which
ter earlv in 1962. It will consist of have grown up tlirough the years often
Functions 1 and 2, providing automatic are not the most efficient way ut
analvsis of flight plans, computation of handling the problem- If the full bene-
ETA.v at each fix. automatic printing of fits of automatic data processing arc to

flight progress .strips and updating of be realized, it is frequently necessarv to

strips from subsequent (silot progress modify existing procedures.
reports. But with thousands of pilots and eon-
trollers accustomed to today’s long-used
Established This Summer procedures. FAA obviouslv does ii d

.As soon as tlie computer progtum for have a free hand in altering then,
conflict prediction is established by for datamation.
operational tests this summer, automatic
Trartsition Area
conflict prediction will be added.
'Ilic function-bv'-function modular de- One significant opetational cli.mgc
sign approacli also allows I'.A.A to test to be attempted with the new system is
and evaluate the system operation and to pusli the terminal area holding stackv
procedures on a step-by-step basis, in- back from close proximity to the air]inr‘
stead of trving to debug the entire sys- to a distance of 90-100 mi., and pcrh.m-

tem, It also lias the advantage of cven to eliminate hold stackings alto-
simplifying the tran.sition problem for gether except under special conditions.
EN ROUTE DEPARTURE/scctoi console for Federal Aviation shown on Charactron tube at right. Sketch (right) shows tvpical
human controllers because new equip- Today the tcniiina! atcii stacks must
Agency's new' semi-automatic traffic control data processing and display of conflict at fis AVP (Wilkes Bane) expected to result
ment can be introdneed on a piecemeal be located near the airport to assure
display system, to be tested this summer, provides automatic tevi- bc^ecn two aircraft (arrows) os result of recent update of aircraft maximum utilization of the airport tuii-
.sion of flight prepress strips by means of print beads (not visible) AZ42 at 13:58 when it reported over fix SFK. Using entry key- The initial operational tests this suni- wavs. so that when an airplane is clearid
board (under contioller’s hand), computer ean be probed for possi- out of the stack for approach it is able
nier at Atlantic City will evaluate Func-
ble solutions to eliminate conRict or predict others. with Function to make its a.ssi»ned time slot vvitluuit
tions 1 and 2, 3. conflict
prediction, being added this fall to the problems can be worked out on a spur- likelihood of delay.
If the stacks were pushed out to 90

FAA Prepares to Test Modernized ATC evaluation tests.

•As the .Air Force learned

experience with S-AGE, F.A.A
from
is
ils

finding
of-the-moment basi.s without regard to
notiiijl procedures, if necessary. But
when these control functions must be
perfoniietl bv a computer, which can
mi. using today's manual procedures, the
approach controllers workload would lu
greatlv increased hccansc of the necessitv
that getting hardsvarc is the easiest part
By Philip Klass to which both controllers and pilots are
J,
of introducing automatic data processing nut exercise judgment or improvise to of converting a stream of randomly ar-
accustomed, and permit instant change-
equipment into a rexil-timc control prob- iiiect a special situation, the procedural riving aircraft of different speeds into a
Atlantic City, N. J.—Within sts'Ctal months the Federal Aviation Agency over to the old system in the event of
lem whicli involves human beings and rules of the road must be clearly and •stcadv flow of traffic into the airport.
equipment failure.
will begin the first o]Krational tests on its new experimental scmi-atitomatic machines and where the penallv for uiicquivocalh- defined. I'or air traffic 'Ilic controller would have the impns-
Another advantage of the building-
traffic control data processing and display svstem which is expected to provide control, ssitfi its many variables, this siblc task of trving tomonitor each air-
block philosophy is that it permits early
the greatest single shot in the arm for posts .1 difficult computer programming and speed while making
craft's position
air traffic control since the advent of operational use of certain elements of Computer Inflexibility
problem. mental calculations to try to work tlinn
tlie system vvithout waiting for develop-
So long as human beings pcrfonii the Many of the procedural rules of air all into a smontli-flnvving stream.
Regular Region I traffic controllers will sit before new consoles and direct ment and debugging of the complete new svstem, the terminal
control function, rules of the road can traffic control have grown like Topsv \\’ith the
the flow of aircraft in a siimilatcd New York and Boston environment wliilc remain moderately flexible and difficult through the sears and arc only loosely area computer will perform such com]m-
Ultimately the svstem is expected to
flight pir^css strips arc automatically printed out, periodically updated auto-
provide the following functions:
matically. and potential conflicts arc displayed pictorially. • Function 1; Automatic flight plan
Practically all of the hardware for the processing and flight strip printing.
craft using the nation's traffic control
system has now been delivered to tlie svstem numbered little more tliiui 100, • Functinn 2; Automatic flight strip
l''/\A’s Bureau of Researeh and Deveiop- where today they arc measured in updating.
iiient Center here and iiulividii.il units thousands. • Function J: Automatic conflict pre-
are now undc^oiiig debugging and It also represents the first major at-
finuiliarization tests. tempt to relieve the traffic controller of • Function 4: Bright tube radar dis-
F.valuation of the new .svvtein. devel- the clerical workload which has grown play.
oped by General Precision Inc., is onlv through the years and which mushrooms • Function 5: En route flow control.
one of more tluin 100 research and de- during adverse weather and heavy traf- • Function 6: Radar aircraft trackers.
velopment programs under vv-.iv here, fic conditions— a time when he most • Function 7; Terminal area sequence
ranging from cvaliutimi of techniques needs to keep a cleat head for cool
control.
for improving existing facililies in the judgment.
• Function 8: Radar beacon video
near future to programs whose impact The elements of the data priKcssing
processor,
may not be felt for fiie vears or more. system now under test here reflect the
• Function 9: Sciamble-corridor and
basic modular, or building-block, philos-
Ambitious Program retum-to-base computer, for military
ophy under which the system had to be
'Ihe scini-aiitomatic data processing aircraft.
designed, unlike many industrial and
system is the most ambitions and expen- military data processing svstems. • Function 10: Analog type terminal
sive equipment development program This design philosophy reflects the area sequence control, for use at smaller
ever undertaken hi- the I'.A.A, or its fact that it is not possible to halt all air
predecessor- Itrepresents Ihc boldest traific. even in a small sector of the To obtain various combinations of
SEQUENCE CONSOLE (left) will be used in tcmvinal area tiaflic control to convert mass of randomly arriving aircraft into smooth flow and
attempt to make basic improvements in country, tor an extended period to these functions usually involves the ad- Display tube shows aircraft in landing sequence and time ahead or
orderly .sequence which will assure optimum use of airport facilitiis.
3 traffic control system which has switch over to a new system. Further- dition of another console, but in some aircraft expected to arrive at each airport
changed behind schedule. Supervisor's console (right) for a multiaiquirt terminal area shows luuubei of
relatively little since it was in- more, the new system had to permit cases it requires only the addition of a by General Precision
for one-hnur periods up to four hours in advance. System was devclO|ied
Inc.
stituted three decades ago, nhen the air- easy transition from existing procedures new program for an existing computer.
229
22S AVIATION WEEK, Morch 13, 1961
AVIATION WEEK. 13, 1MI
 • AVIONICS

M O PA
STABILIZED OPERATION

BAlX-UP
Plate

•AD DRESSED
HOLDER

PRESSURE APPLIED
POR PaiNTiHC-

INK RIBBON

NEW TYPE FLIGHT STRIP and automatic Ii|xlatc printing uiuclumisii, eliminates problem of blockhig eontrollcr’s vision during ii|)dutc.

coding on strip lioldci replaces pimclied liolc coding on strip used in earlier model.

hitioiis in split sccimds. providing the sor, as it is called, can store on to 1,01)0 ter to be sure tfie message structure is

conttoller n itli a dijplas tlmt slnnvs t'.ich lligbt plans on a magnetic drum, and complete and in correct computet for-
iiircr-ift's assigned hinding time and hotv can accommodate up to 16 drums (,\\\' imil. If not, the operator revises the
imicli it is alic:id or hciiind its n.ssigncd .April 25, p. 105). The data processor format or else asks the initiating office to
slot. for en route traffic control is expected to file ;i tes'ised flight |jlan.
•As now emisioned, once the aircraft Ix' one used
identical in design to the Might plans received by voice ate
reaches the cn route teniiinal tr.insitiiin for tcmiinal area control, nheii subse- l-Tcparcd for cntiy into the data proces-
area, 90-100 mi. out from the airport, it quently added at Boston. This flexi- sor using a flight data entry equipment,
« ill be cleared for a straight-iii approach bility means that a single standbs nia- known as Midcn. produced by Actonu-
with no holding before landing, except eliinc can be used as a backstop to either tioiiie ITiv ision of I'ord Motor Co.
under emetgenev conditions. data proex'ssor in the esent one fails. I'lideii has a keyboard for composing the

Might plans filed from airline ,ind Siglit pLin message in computer lan-
Controller Views guage and a cliaractcr-tvpe cathode rav
militars dispatch offices, airport towers

New Raytlieon master oscillator assures To

ststcni
assure
and its
that the data processing
operating proccduies arc
or pilots in flight will lie rcteised l)\
tiTctspe or b; soice. tcleplitme or radio.
tube for displaying the message before
file ojseralor releases it to the data proc-
extreme stability in frequency diversity transmitters .iece|itable to the men wlio iiltimatclv Those that come in h\ teletype are first e.ssor. m.iehine contains
T'lie built-in
will use them, h.id a team of traffic stored on one of a biitterx of ]xnicliexl logic checking circuits which automati-

The QKB 924 voltage tunable "0" type backward wave oscil- controllers working witlr General Pa- tape macliincs tli.it serve as temporan cally alert the operator if the message is

lator with the (eedback circuit shown above provides a highly cision engineers during the derelopmeiit sftrrage buffers and a liard cop; is t>)Kd not composed properly.
stable master driver-local oscillator for S-Band MOPA pbasc. Mere at .Atlantic City there is a out for human inspection at the flight .\s new flight |)kms arc entered into

chains. team of 0 traffic controllers, soon to lie

1 jjlaii position in tlic traffie control cen- the d.ihi ptoa'ssor. tlic machine ealcii-

expanded to 15, headed by .\. S. Mall. |r. lales the aircraft’s estimated time of ar-
External feedback through a delay fine provides a 10:1 or
Tlicse men arc drawn from traffic con- rival two fiscs, or for tlic
over the first
more increase in frequency stability— performance that is
trol centers around tlie country to as- next 50 min., whichever is the greater,
particularly suitable (or frequency diversity MTl applica-
sure that special geographic problems or according to Richard M. Scott, acting
tions, The frequency vs. voltage curve of the circuit is essen-
chief of tlic .Arc Systems Branch at
situations receite full consideration. The
tially flat at discrete steps over the entire 2,700 to 3,200 Me men cs'aluatc tite displays and the ease Atlantic Citv'. AA'hen l•'n^ctilm 3 is
range, Power output typically 100 milliwatts with a delay
is
added to the system, the computer
of using data input des'iecs in addition al'sn
line tuning voltage of
350 to 700 volts. Models are also avail- through its other .stored
search
to merall system operation from a eon- will
able at frequencies through X-Band. flight plans looking for potential con-
trollcr's siewpoint.
Tf'rlle for detailed application information to Raytheon lodging from the reception tliat traf- flicts with otlicr aircraft for the next 50

Company, Microwave & Power Tube Division, Waltham 54, fic controllers hase given to the Unisac min. or two fixes, whichever is greater.
Massachusetts, In Canada: Waterloo, Ontario. computers installed at a handful of Ten minutes licforc an aircraft’s
major centers, which compute fix F.T.\s planned departiia', the computer auto-
and automaKcally print out flight matieallv transmits information to the

RAYTHEON COM PA N a
with
ress strips,
rrs

its
ss ill

many
Hall believes that con-
svclcome the new equipment
additional featiiies and
|juncli
ter wliich
for the
printer in the traffic control cen-
tvpes out flight progress strips
first two fixes or tlic next 50

t;![>abilities. min. -A similar unit in the airport tower

MICROWAVE AND POWER TUBE DIVISION Heart of the first installation selied- DATA ENTRY
cuiitruller tu niter
kesboatd
new
is used bv
aircraft information
traffic prepim.'s a
progress strip for
duplicate of the
tire
iirst flight
data posi-
Boston in 962 will be a digital
iiled for 1
fliglit

eomputer built by Lihrascope, a dis ision tion, vvTiosc tabular display of |nogrcss
BOSTON, BSownlng^BSO^^. ENGLEWOOD CLIfF^ N^^)„ LD»»h 7.49II . BALTIMORE, HD„ SOutMleld transmitted bv closed-circuit
HASS., 1,0450 . CKIOAGO, lO., NAtlonal 54000 of General Precision, The data proces- sihle sohifioiis to a conflict sitiulicm. strips is

AVIATION WEEK, 23t

 • AVIONICS
television to the tower’s local control is installed on the appropriately identi-
console. fied holder.
The eii route departure console, phv- I’A.fi’s decision to stick with flight
sitally located in the traffic control ceh- progress strips instead of going to all-

tet but functionally related to the air- is based both on

clcctronic type displays,
port tower’s mission, has five vertical the need for smooth transition from
bays of flight progress strips, imich like present techniques to the new equip-
consoles now in use at traffic control ment and file ability to revert to previ-
centers. An important differencf is that ous procedures in event of equipment
the new consoles contain provisions for or power failure. In the new system,
;uitomatic updating of progress strips, controllers retain a printed display
with the revisions printed instead of which can not be lost and which can be
being scribbled in by hand as at present. updated manually as in the pasl.
The cn route sector consoles, nr peri]5h-
etiil consoles as thev are sometimes Confliet Detection
wiled, will be identical to the en route -fit an angle from the en route de-
dep.irturc console. parture control is a conflict display,
In the consoles now under test here, consisting of an 1 8-in. diameter Charac-

each progress strip, installed on an tron cathode rav tube containing an

I. -.shaped holder, has pnnchcd-hole m’crlay showing the air mutes covered
identification along the invisible leg of by the particular console.
the strip svhich enables the data proces- W’hcn this function (il becomes
sor to correlate each strip with its respec- operational, an aircraft request for

at '
t
* tive aircraft’s stored flight plan.

he
his
When
is
a pilot calls in to report that
over a fix at a time different from
ETA. the controller enters the new
clearance received via the control tower
will cause the data processor to search
at the first cn route fix along the pro-
posed route for a clear time-altitude
by
iiifoniiation into the data proces.snr slot, based on the estimated time of
means of an entrv keyboard, a tvpc- dcpiirturc and the particular climb-out

Tenney lUrOi
device that sits on the con-
vvriter-size
sole. after having pushed the button
opposite the appropriate flight progress
strip to identify the aircraft involved.
characteristics of the aircraft involved.

will
If a conflict exists,
search for the nearest available
time-altitude slot, cither at a slightly
the data processor
Above is
les.
an AiResearch sequence
coiiiroller for cabin temperature of
later time nr a different altitude, and a jet airliner. It assimilates 25 sen-
Information Change
display available alternatives to the cn sor element inputs and supplies
The data processor then computes mute departure traffic controller. command signals to 18 amplifier
new ETA’s for the next two fixes and Tlie controller then can select one of channels. Consisting of servo-
initiates instructions which cause a print the.se,indicate his choice by means of operated potentiometer cards, cam
head on the appropriate consoles to the entry keyboard, and the data switch programmer and other
move up the vertical bay until it locates processor then will cause an npdatc- electromechanical components, it is

simulation the appropriate aircraft progress strip by

means of the punched hole code along
the edge. The head then stops and
clcatance to be printed out on the
tabular bay of the cn route departure
console and the flight data position in
another example of AiResearch’s
over-all ability to design and pro-
duce intricate and complicated
aosses out the old infonnation ;ind

of tomorrow's
the ;iirpott tower. servo systems.
prints the new ET.fi. Operation is sim- Tlic usefulness of the conflict pre- The most experienced company
ilar when the aircraft is assigned a nevs- diction cnp.ability is even greater for in the development and production
altihide. The ETA can Iw updated cn mute aircraft. If the airer.ift deviates of control systems for airborne

orbital three times in the space available

progress strip, and altitude can be
vised up to seven times.
on the
re-
appreciably from
re^rt.s in late
its

over
ET.fi, as
a fix.
when
aiul
it

this
and ground use, AiResearch is an
industry leader in electromechani-

environments is Experience with the existing consoles

has revetled an operational problem
with the present design because the
into the data processor, the machine
recomputes the airplane’s
next two fixes and makes a conflict
over the ETA
lypes for aircraft, ground handling,
ordnance and missile systems.
OTHER ELECTROMECHANICAL
print head blots out the controller's search. If it finds a conflict with one
COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS
's business
view of several progress strips on the nr more aircraft, the identity of the
tab bay while it is updating single ;i conflicting aircraft, the fix involved and AC and DC Motori, Generators and
strip. General Precision has therefore the time of conflict is shown
one of in Controls • Slollc inverters ond Con-
dc-veloped another design in which the five boxes at the bottom of the Charac- verters • linear ond Rotary Actuators •
Tenney’s research and development in the tield of orbital simulation and hyper environments
printing mechanism is mounted on an iron tulx;. Sinuiltancouslv, a red light Power Servos • Hoists Temperature
has been bringing high altitudes down to earth throughout the Space Age. No other company endless tape a.'on| one edge of the bay flashes opposite the corresponding flight
and the individual progress strip holder stripon the tabular display.
can match Tenney's deep engineering facilities and its successful experience with America’s Rodor Positioners Power Supplies
is moved partially out of position auto- Normally the controller will push the •

most important aerospace projects. Write today for further information about your project! matically and under the moving tape button below the box which will cause
for updating- In this design, the the conflict situation to be displayed
L-sliaped punchcd-code progress strip pictorially on the Charaction, along
can not be used. with infonnation that shows what
^enneu
m
ENGfNEERING, (NC.
AEROSPACE DIVISION
1090 SPRINGFIELD ROAD, UNION,
PLANTS; UNION, N. J.
NEW JERSEY
AND WILMINGTON, N, C.
identity
back of the
is
Instead, the aircraft
magnetically coded on the
strip holder itself. For this
recent
i.e,
action
an update
produced the conflict,
for ETA over a fix or a
^llResearch Manufacturing Division
design, the progress strips would be new altitude assignment.
aiitomaticallv attached to the holder by To resolve the conflict, the controller Los Angeles 4$, California
OLDEST LARGEST MANUFACTURER OF ENVIRONMENTAL EQUIPMENT machine to assure that the proper strip can attempt a probing action, in effect

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961

 • AVIONICS

For distinguished service in the air — Honeywell precision

.isting the
the possible
(if
computer
new con6icf consequences
a new altitude assignment to
making
to advise him of
Ho-vv to Navigate
mechanisms . Imagination can't be kept on a shelf. That's why we offer no packaged line of thetwo aitaaft invohod in the

panacea designed to solve all measuring and control problems. What we do have is the
conflict.Using the entry keyboard and at 2,000 m.p.h.
pushing the "Probe" key to let the data
know not a final
creative imagination of our designers and engineers. They can custom-make naviga- processor that
decision, the controller can enter his
tliis is
Witliout an
jaroposed mean.s of resolving the con-
tional or special-purpose indicators to solve any specific mechanism problems you
may have . Let’s talk over your needs and specifications. Just call our representative
flict.

If this corrccti'c action will lead to External Time Reference

other conflicts, the data processor
in your area. You'll find him in the classified section of your telephone directory. Or con- flashes the new potential conflict data
on the displas'. in which case the
tact us directly: Honeywell Precision Meters, Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company, controller will try another possible solu-
tion probe, until the conflict is
Manchester, New Hampshire, U.S.A. in Canada, satisfactorily resohed without produc-

Honeywell Controls Limited, Toronto

HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL Sales and Service offices
17, Ontario . .
HoH0yVIT011 ing other conflicts. \\'hen this is
iccomplisheiS, the words "No Conflict’'
will be displaied. 'Ihe controller cm
now notifv the aircraft of the required
in all principal cities of the world. change, enter the rcs ision into the data
processor which in tiini will update the
airplane's flight progress strips on
appropriate consoles in the center.

Arrival Test
.A.s an aircraft approaches the termi-
nal transition area boundary, an accept-
ance prolsc is made in the tcmiin.il
area data processor, located in the traffic
control center, to determine whether
tr.iffic conditions will permit acceptance

of the arriving aircraft. 'Chis probe is

made on the basis of the aitaaft's ex-
pected time of anival at the transition
area boundarv; its earliest estimated
time of landing, based on airaaft air-
speed, local wind conditions and pre-
ferred aircraft descent profile, and the
amount of time the aircr.ift could lose
through path stretching maneuvers.
If a landing time .slot is asailahle
which the incoming aircraft can meet,

who nun transition sector

trailers
console which
a
contains a horizontal For a B-70 Bomber, operating independently of WWV or

21-in. Hughes Tonatron tube for radar other ground-based commimications, a primary timing sys-
display of airaaft in the terminal area. tem with a stability of 5 parts in 10‘“ per day had to be
One of the controllers handles inbound provided-
traffic, the other outbound. The
includes two progress strip Hermes was selected by IBM as the sub-contractor to de-
console
tabular displass for each controller with velopand supply the digital timing equipment for the
automatic update ptosisions, like those AN/ASQ-28 (V) Bomber Navigation System. This System
used in the cn route departure and sec- includes the Hermes 5mc Crystal-Controlled Oscillator. The
tor consoles described ciirlier. entire Timing System is ruggedized to meet the stringent
If a landing time slot is available for environmental conditiorrs required by the B-70 Weapons
the incoming aircraft, a square-shaped System Program.
tracking gate will appear on the radar
display near the fix or point where the In the Digital Timing field, wherever the time dimension is
airplane’s radar target is e.xpcctcd to critical, the complete and wide variety of engineering dis-
appear. When the aircraft radar blip ciplines that can be provided by Hermes Electroiucs Co. are
.irriscs, the tracking gate is locked onto
available for immediate action.
it.This causes a riidar aircraft tracker,
builtby Tasker Instruments Corp., to Write lor Digital Timing Technical Bulletins
measure continuously the aircraft’s posi-
tion
r
and to detenninc its ground-track
clocitv. The radar tracking circuits arc
designed to operate in thrce-diincnsions.
Hermes
ELECTRONICS
/fjK CO.
looking forward to the time when in- ~\Vy 7S CAMBtIDSE PASKWAV. CAUBRIOCt »2. MASS.
formation on aircraft altitude becomes
asailablc from height-finding radar or
Ci.cl. Number 235 on Rnder-Service Cord
234 235
AVIATION WEEK, Morch 13, 1961
 I I

• AVIONICS 3

4
ATIAS

SPECIFIED: CONTROL SWITCHES 5

6
MK£-H£RCULES
SPECIFIED: CONTROL SWITCHES
verify

events
-jrFikr "I permanently
jUPITER-C

SPECIFIED: CONTROL SWITCHES

in
'

e
SIDEWINDER
radar beacon altitude reporting. An
alpha-numeric display appearing along-
on me Charactron
side the tracking gate
identifies the aircraft, its altitude and
familiar

the P.AR
azimuth-cles-ation position
aircraft in final approach, obtained
radar. PAR
by Tasker Instruments Corp.
of
from
console was built

SPECIFIED; CONTROL SWITCHES

destination.
From precise and continuous infor-
The operation of the transition and
terminal area part of the FAA's new
milliseconds
mation on aircraft position, the terminal semi-automatic traffic control data proc-
area data processor can calculate ac- essing system, as described above, repre-
1 h curately the earliest time of arrival at sents current thinking but is subject to Brush Operations Monitors' response to signals is virtually instantaneous— less than 4 milliseconds.
the final approach fix, or a fix common modification if live real-time simulation Multiple high-speed events are clearly defined from start to stop, on a common time base— and at rates up
VANGJARD to several airports in a multi-airport area. tests here should point out the need for
to 500 per second. Portable 30 channel or rack-mounting 100 channel models record sharp reproducible traces
This infomiation for all aircrah in tlie change.
SPECIFIED: CONTROL SWITCHES with fixed-stylus electric writing that provides the utmost in reliability. "Built-in” transistor switching to
terminal area is displayed in tabular The FAA program to develop and
form on a Tonatron tube. implement the nexv semi-automatic traf- eliminate relays is optional. No direct writing recording system can match the capabilities of Brush Operations
As soon as possible, the sequence con- fic control data processing system has
Monitors for industrial and military analysis _
troller assigns an inbound aircraft to slipped slightly from the agency’s origi-
and control. Write for complete specifica-
an available landing time slot, normally
the earliest the aircraft can acliio’c.
nal timetable,
the first
which called for having
production system in operation tions and application data. 9S^m 1 1ST ST R.XJM E MT S
MATADOR The terminal area data processor then in the New York area carlv in 1963.
calculates the number which (AW CLEVITE CLEVELA
SPECIFIED: CONTROL SWITCHES of seconds Sept. 30, 1957, p. 29!) Current
the aircraft must make
lose or gain to plans calls for having a partial produc-
good its assigned landing time. This tion system operational in Boston by
information is displayed on the se- late 1962, and a full system in operation
quence console and at the transition in New York by early 1964. Despite an
sector console in the alpha-numeric dis- all-out effort by FAA's Bureau of Rc-
play alongside the aircraft tracking gate, search and Development to assure that
enabling the controller to relay instruc- these dates are met, some observers be-
tions to the pilot to accelerate or path- lieve that they may be optimistic.
stretch. General Precision’s GPL Division,
The terminal area data processor also which was responsible for developing
reserves departure slots for outbound the system, lias been criticized for both
aircraft preparing to take off. However, time and dollar overruns on the pro-
in an emergency the sequence controller gram by Bureau of Research and De-
can commandeer a departure slot for velopment officials (AW Jan. 9, p. 30).
an inbound aircraft. In defense, GPL spokesmen point out
Tile precision approach radar (PAR) that original FAA program objectives,
console, operated by the approach con- of delivering an experimental system
troller, displays the next five aircraft due using existing equipment, were altered
to arrive at the approach fix and their along the way by desires of both the
estimated arrival times. This console FAA and tire contractor to incorporate
also contains a 21-in. Tonatron bright- improvements and refinements not con-
dispky storage tube for showing the templated originallv.
 • AVIONICS

Microelectronic Research Effort Grows

By Barry Miller The welded modidc technique is
earmarked for asionic subsystems of
scs'cta! major ss-capon ss-stcins includ-
Over SlOO million will be invested in microelectronic research and develop-
ing:
ment during the current year as tire needs of lire nation’s future ntissilc and • Titan ICBM (guidance systems).
space prr^rams for reliable, comiMCt, low-power com))oiiunts and citciiit
• Polaris fleet ballistic missile (guid-
functions become mote crucial.

compact Almost cvetv avionic component and systems manufacturer, as well as

most of the major space frame manufactuaTS— Conrair. Lockheed. Martin,
• Eagle air-to-air missile (guidance

• Tartar, Redeye and Mauler surface-

Douglas and Boeing among them— an now studs ing and developing at least
.'

to-air missiles (analog circuitry).

one of several possible approaches in the new field of microelectronics. Strictly speaking, sscldcd modidcs

transistor switching fast

To keep ahead, or just .ibteasl, nf
breaking dcrelopmcnts in the tceh- port for standard micro-componciit
arc not tlie products of microelectron-
ics although tlicy do achiese similar
nologics whicli sustain mieroclcctron- go,iIs: large numbers of components
ics, many companies arc supporting • Another tonnd of effort bv teclinic.il
scscral R&’D programs in essentially societies and scientific groups to cx- rcIiahiliK lescls. This approach
for eompetiti'C tccliniqncs. Bach of these
may prosidc useful asionic components
tr.ict an industry-wide consensus on
simple, descriptisc nomenclature for
squeezing many components into
to
a
small reliable package uses miniature
anti circuits for different but succcssisc microelectronics. Neiertheless. new or subminiaturc components and docs
periods over the next 10 or more veats. tenniiiolog'' will continue to blossom. not require new- micro components.
.Altlioiigh immv approaches to micro-

millisecond Future Trends

During the veat. .sei'cral distinct
clcctronics arc attractive for important
asionic applications, the unsupported
Welded Module Acceptance
measure of welded module accept-
trends will emerge in thi.s field. These claims frequently adsanecd in behalf ance is reflected in results of a recent
«'ill inciude; of these approaclics arc becoming in- ambitious sursev conducted bv flic

monitoring • More proposal requests for botli ])ro-

tohpe and
the
flight hartKs’arc in wliieh
creasingly

data
suspect. Many engineers
scant to see convincing rcliabilits’ test
before embracing microelectronic
P. R. Mallory Co. Tlic n clded module
approach, including a soldered com-
military specifics that niicrociec- ponent counterpart, placed first or near
tronic techniques he cmplos'cd. techniques, tliough due to ncssness of the top on most graded rcs|)onics to
• Gross-ing nmnbcr of small Armv, the field too little has accumulated. questions asked throughout the indus-
Nmy and .Air Force supported h.isic Despite the fact that increased rclia- try. Tlic npproacli led in responses
—brush rcscarcli and dciclopmcnl programs in
microelectronics. In effect, these uill
bilits-

assay
potentially to be gained by doing
ssith solder joints, trouble-pro-
regarding inherent design flexibility,
balance nf cost and reliability and inter-
initiate a much more fundamental, ducing fabrication processes, unncecs- connection capabilits-. They were held
thoriiugligoing approach to microelec- saiy interconnections, etc., is one of to hinc the most ostr.dl usefulness for
tronics than the Anns and .Air Force the important niotisatinns for micro- the respondent companies in the vears
liasc fullosscti by continuing sup|iort of electronics.it is on this point that to I96i.
programs in this field. most of tliesc techniques arc ques- Tlicre arc a number of problems
• Greater demand by design engineers peculiar to this welded module ap-
for micro component rclialhlits' test proach. Ouc of these— and perhaps the
Cost Foctor
one which may limit application of tlic
• More extensive use of a "pre" micro- Coniparatisc liigli costs of micro technique in the next several years un-
electronic approacli-tlie welded mod- components or micro circuit functions til more promising techniques mature—

ule— in as'ionic subsystems of sveapon arc still prohibitisc for mans applica- is the lack nf components witli uniform

tions. Many microelectronic products weld tolerances. If the module in.mu-

• Greater acceptance of and desire for — tliosc beyond the deselopmcnt stages- facturcr must readjust welding |sroec-
flexible and s'crsatilc packaging tech- arc not asailable in proouetion quan-
niques capalilc of accommodating sue- tities, partly aceounting for the high witli leads made of widelv varying ma-
ccssis'c generations of microelectronic cost. These flirec factors— rcli.ibility. terials. the cost of the process could
teehiiiqucs and/or a mixture of micro- cost and asailability— arc obstacles to become excessive.
electronic techniques- more general acceptance of microclcc- Ultimately, the weldcd-module ap-
• Ileas'iet demand for and increased proach cannot niatcli the inherent te-
>< SERIAL NO. production of micro components. More One approach in the current
early and high component density
iiabilitv-
avionic component mannfactorers nill effort shrink .asionic gc.ar for niis-
to or function density (number of avionic
1567 introduce new micro component ver- silc/spacc applications is gaining sside circuit functions per unit volume) ex-
sions of coinnierciallv asailable. largcr- acceptance-. This is the so-called sscld- pected from projected thin-film or solid-
pack or svelded modidc approach in state circuits.
• Continued efforts to imptosc stabil- ssliich eonscntioii.il miniature or sub- In tire ija.st ye.ir. most semiconduc-
The new Brush Trans-Switcher eliminates relays— greatly simplifies your problems of operations monitor- ity of thin film components. Isoosting miniature components of assured qu.tl- tor inamifiictiircrs h.nc begun to make
ing. Designed to take full advantage of the fast response and high resolution of Brush capacits' pet unit area for film capaci- ity Icscl are mounted side-by-side, like asailablc-on pilot production basis at
Operations Monitors, tors. and evaporating semiconductor railroad ties, in one of ses'cral struc- le, 1st— micro versions of seicral stand-
this compact, solid-state switching unit accepts up to 100 different "on-off” signals
in a broad range of tures. Component leads arc welded ard transistor and diode types in pack-
pulse shapes and amplitudes. Interchangeable, plug-in decade boards are designed to accept different Mote awareness of the complexity of tugetlicr and the asscnibls- is
usualls ages considerably smaller than, until a
voltage ranges and modes of operation. Avoid the "black box” the problem of interconnecting micro- potted for cnsiromiicntal protection. year ago. what was the industry’s small-
approach— specify the standard Brush M'eldcd modules arc asailable comnicr- est standard active component package
electronic with one another,
circuits
Trans-Switcher for the ultimate in precise, re!i- » with other subassemblies. cially from several companies inelnding -the TO 18.
able monitoring. Write for complete details.
INBTR.UMEXTS • Concerted efforts )>v ssstems di'signcrs
to gain component manufacturers’ sup-
Raytheon, General Electric and Dcico
Radio. ti'
In the last several
cly l.irge
the conipar.i-
v-cars

size of transistors ami diodes

CLEVITE
239
 • AVIONICS
was the barrier to further miiiutturiz;i-
lioii of inclitiduiil coniponcnts. Since
The tie that binds television’s top performer to
instrumentation tape is strong —
and it goes be-
the transistor had reached a iiiiniimiiii
size, reductions in tlic size of jxissnc
yond the fact that the same expert team produces
the best of both. "Scotch" brand Heavy Duly
components did not prmidc significant
Tapes share a common heritage and uncommon — \oliimc Siit-ings. Intcrestingh. introduc-

—
endurance with "Scotch” brand Video Tape,
tion uf the transistor 12 years ago \i-a.s
an mipctus for current inictoniiiiia-
the tape that puts a network TV show on the same
turizatioii efforts. In succeeding scars,
"clock time" from Maine to California.
jja.ssis c components— resistors, cap.ici-
Similarities worth noting between the two: a
tor.s and coils— had to be stinink in size
similar high-temperature binder system,famous
to be made c«m|jatiblc «ith and to
‘Scotch" brand high potency oxides, a similar
THE TAPE THAT CHANGED TV tremendous speeds, pressures and
ability to resist
realize tlie full space and power saiings
Before long
of the smaller transistors.
temperatures while providing high resolution.
FOR ALL TIME Let's look at the record of “Scotch” brand
many of tliese components were made
transistors-a situation
smaller than
V ideo Tape and see what message it has for the
leads you right to rugged user of instrumentation tape. On a standard reel
that remained until the appearance in

Scotch^ brand Heavy Duty Tape of video tape like that

Tlicsc were iiiade possible b\ pickaging
shown here, some IVi mil-
and scaling techniques which permit-
lion pulses per second must
ted a rceUictioii in the large, useless
packed the square
^ to
volume within a standard tnmsistor
area equal to the size of a
Until now. industry purchases of
tennis court. The tape must Skilled Technicians
micro components liase been largely
provide this kind of resolu-
in cxperiniental quantities. Recently, Using Advanced Machines
tion while defeating the de-
liowcver, coni|)onent companies report
teriorating elTccis of high Now Bring You
sales of larger quantities-cnongli in
speeds, pressure as high as
sonic cases to justife tooling for pro- High-Reliability
10.000 p-si and tempera- Long-life . .

duction quantities. .\t least one conl-

tures up to 250’F.
ponent maker. Pacific Semiconductors,
The must be
perfect.
only the
fact
And
3M
is that video tape
it’s
essentially
a matter of record that thus far
experts have mastered the art of
on the basis of growing demand, is
CtMilcd to make up to 20.000 micro
RECTILINEAR
diodes and transistors a week.
making commercial quantities of video tape that
consistently meet the demands of the application.
Significantly, the high-temperature binder sys-
Micro Applications POTENTIOMETERS
Wh.it to do witli micro components
tem developed for "Scotch" Video Tape is first
once thee arc available is another ]>tob-
cousin, only slightly removed, to that used in the
Icin. Tlics- are finding application in
Heavy Duty Tapes. It’s this special feature that
has given Heavy Duty Tapes their exceptional
tenis packaging plans. 1argcl\ on a
wear life. • Only ore screw fastener used in unit with no
deselopnientiil lusis. Yet the tin; de- . . .

The moral emerges: for tape that provides the hidden screws to loosen under vibration.
sices need careful handling and art
best resolution of high and low frequencies under
difficult to keep track of and difficult
con-
the severest conditions, turn to "Scotch" brand ment difficulties and adding to rigidity of
to work with unless requisite skills are
Heavy Duty Tapes 198 and 199.
• Molded plastic parts bringing greater dimen-
They temperature binder system,
offer the high
nuinher
. . .

I’arth' to satisfv this need, a sional stability and closer tolerances - insuring . .

plus the quality and uniformity that

same high
of cimiponent makers ha\-e begun to identical dimensions of each part.
distinguish ’'Scotch" brand Tapes. As the
all
eliminating possibility of
prcpiickasc numbers of components • Glass Mandrels . - . in-
most experienced tape-makers in the field, 3M
into single larger units for specific uses
research and manufacturing experts offer tape of
highc.st uniformity —
from reel to reel and within
w’ithiu gisen circuits. These multiple
imits-ealled special asscmblits-using
the reel- Check into the other "SCOTCH" brand
siibmiiiiiitnrc and miniature eoinpo-
.©i constructions: High Resolution Tapes 158, 159
and 201; High Output Tape 128; Sandwich Tapes
188 and 189: and Standard Tapes 108 and 109.
nciits arc being offered by a grossing
number of firms. I'ypically, one such
asseiiiblv might consist of four identi-
Your 3M Representative is close at hand in all
eal diodes (called matched qiindl in a New techniques and machines enable California General to
major cities. For more information, consult him
bridge configuration p.ickjgcd as a sin- fabricate potentiometers in large or small quantities for
or write Magnetic Products Division, 3M Co,. less money
(^I St. Paul 6, Minnesota. e trsi sm o>.
gle unit and suitable for use on a
printed circuit board.
resulting in lower costs to you.
. . .

California General car deliver potentiometers in quantity

within days Instead of weeks.
Some component makers, such as . . .

Mallorv. ate offering customers a pack- For further information . . .

aging service which will prcpacLige Telephone Mr. 0. C. Baker, GArfield 2-5349 or write - .

California Ganaral Inc., 798 F Street, Chula Vista. Calif.,

- the customers’ specifications. There are

sarictv of other midtiplc component
within Metropolitan San Diego.

or multiple semiconductor junction CALIFORNIA GENERAL, INC.

798 Chula
SWiKH BRAND MACNETIC TAPE packages being offered.
Bv and large, the demand for micro
I
F Street, Vista, Calif.

components was generated by systems

engineers and bv ness concepts of pack-
aging components into assemblies for

AVIATION WEEK, Moich 13, 1961

 • AVIONICS
tise in .itionic systems. Most of the
packaging concepts imolsc substrates
of tatving sizes in or on which coni-
ponenh arc mounted. 'Jsuallv tlic snl)-
stmtes. as in approaches of Radio Corp.
of .\incric;i. Burroughs and Syltaniii,
ha\'c dimensions,
fixed tn otiicrs.

NORTRONICS lloghcs, Mallory and Tliompson Romo

^\'oold^idgc. .substrate size is more HAWK
A Div/s/on o/
flexible. Circuits or components ate
interconnected with other substrates in
TITAN
NORTHROP CORPORATION DISCOVERER

NOW
many fasliions.
Too ftcqucntlv, promising parts den-
sity figures, computed on tire liasis of
the
cu|)v a
number of components which oc-
gi\en .sidistratc. cannot lie re-
SPARROW
alized because of tlie exccssne volume

occupied bv interconnecting wires or

THOR
because the iutercomiccfion problem
cannot be soh’cd. Most packaging pro-
grams are now dcioting considerable
attention
difficulty.
to effcetiselv soKing this
SNARK
programs— especialh- the
Packafflng
RCA hficromodure program which has
had SI 5 million of .Army funding-
stimulated extensile component deicl-
TffiOS
mumioncmd
opnicnts aimed at repackaging mail-
able component types or deiclnping
new’ components in the Micromodule
FALCON
micro clement format. .As a result of
RCA ot Atmy funding, a number of
micro components evoUed and arc nmv-
availablc commercially.
CORVUS
NIKE HERCULES
Because the micro components were
developed to satisfi’ needs of a particu-
lar pickaging program or were dci’cl-
oped as a natural next step in the cs’o-
lotion toward smaller parts, micro
components arc available in a multi-
TATOS
PIONEER
plicity of fonnats. Transistors, for ex-
ample, have different shaped cans-
some others short, with axial or
tall,

planar Ic-ads, some already set into the

distinctii-e
wafer.
tained
Passive
in
0.^

similar
in square Micromodule
components can be ob-
shapes. Some like
SIDEWINDER
those made by F.ric Resistor, Mallory
and Nficroelcctron ate in pill box shapes TIME TO TRAVEI in a bird, or eisewhere, this A. W. Haydon timing
suitable for use in the jserforated jsack-
aging boards of the Tnompson Ranio
motor is unique. We married our successful Vanguard II sub-miniature OC
\\’ooldridgc and Iliiglies programs. motor, for power, to a tiny new version of our well known (and patented) chrono-
In only three seconds pre-checks can be made of b'carfiil that too few components
motor synchronization, gimbal freedom, signal gener- will be asailablc in compatible sizes
metric governor, for precision. Result: it will drive miniature tape record-
dynamic characteristics. Furthermore, this can
ator, or 01 suitable for automated assembly of ers, printed circuit commutators, potentiometers, and such things. ..and
be done with a precision exceeding that of most large space.'missilc system, a group
laboratory instruments. This new can
self test gyro of svstcnis engineers has organized
hold its speed to within ±0.1% of the speed you want, even if the shaft
endure extreme environmental conditions on a con- a Subcommittee on Microminiature and ambient temperature vary widely. weighs
load, line voltage It a mere
tinuous or intermittent basis. It will withstand shock Components of the Electronic Indus-
to 500 g's. Designated as the GR-H4-T, it is stated tries .Assn. The engineers hope to agree two ounces and measures less than 1%" x yet delivers at least 30
to maintain in flight stability on Polaris, Bomarc, Atlas, on a uniform set of formats for semicon- ounce-inches of torque at 1 rpm. For full information on this '14600 motor,
Nike-Zeus and many other current missile programs. ductor and non-semiconductor tnmpo-
nents and then persuade com|)onent or any other sort of timing device, electronic or motor driven, just write.
mamifacturers to hold their designs
within these formats. This would ns-
surc svstems people of multi|Jlc sources
for critical parts. Ultimately, this
AlilUMOfiN
PRECfSfON PRODUCTS DEPARTMENT, NORWOOD, MASSACHUSETTS
fiMOmcK: H;'sWay i<6. Twwbtvo. tVaw
2464 hviUinB'M Orlva, San Morino, Colifornio,
Tgl»ior>e: AThs S-1750. rwy.Hosbrouclr Heigliis
Ta/apbena.- AT/onllc 7-0461. TWX-A«io-nbro 96)?-b
group
these
adopted.
feels,
recommended
standards in line with
designs would be

Component makers haic had mixed

Hffn COMPANY
222 NORTH ELM STREET. WATERBURY, CONNECTICUT

AVIATION WEEK, Mofch 13, 1?41 243

 • AVIONICS
reactions to the suhcominittct’s efforts.
Some complied with the first rct|iiested LONG RANGE INPUT/1794
rccoinmciidiitions and Ik'Bjii turning
out components to satisfs them. Others News of the recapture of Cond4 from the Aus-
believe it is too e.irly for the industrs' trians was sped to the French Revolutionary

to thinh scrioiisle of standards. Convention at Paris In a matter of minutes via

Speculating ahoiif the needs of fu- Claude Chappe’s amazing t4Mgraphe a^rlenne, or
ture ariniiic systems and recrtgni/iiig relay aerial telegraph, Sept. 1,1794. A new era
tlic fast rate of change in niiaoelec- In rapid communications had begun.
tronic tccimiques. )iiany ssstcins engi- Today, instantaneous and completely reliable
neers fed that the Ix'st niicroelcetrtmic
Electronic Communications insure the immedi-
srstcin packaging approach is one with
ate and continuous interchange of intelligence
grosvth potential A single approach
throughout the Free World, ECl
which best siitislics the needs of an is proud of its

actiml system might differ from the and responsibilities In the design, devel-
initiative

one selected as most ii|)propriatc when opment and manufacture of high precision elec-
the ssstcni only in the study require-
is tronic equipment to the critical specifications re-
ment \ packaging approach
stage. oulred in various aerospace and surface roles vital
flexible enough to accommodate a mix- to our National Defense and to scientific achieve-
ture of sticressise eciieralion.s of tech- ment An example is ALRI— Airborne Long Range
niques is strongls' nnored. It is inter-
Input— a program where ECi communications and
esting that RCA engineers uorkiug on datalink equipment fill an Integral and essential re-
the company's Microniodnie |)rogram
quirement In linking USAF's advanced early warning
and spciiking at technical me'ctings in
system to SAGE— our continental defense network.
the .past year har e stressed the \Iicro-
module's ability to handle different
techniques or a mi.xturc of techniques.
'Iliin films of both actise and pa.s-
sise elements escntually slinnld |)rmc
one of tlic most attractisc microelec-
tronic techniques. Adsantages of thin
film svoiild include reduction of poten-
tially faulty interconnections, good re-

sistance to radiation, extremely high

densih’ of components, low power con-
sumption and ease of fabrication.
'Iliin passisc films deposited on an
inert substrate natli micro transistors
or uncased transistors as active ele-
ments inserted into liolcs drilled in the
substrate or cemented to the substrate
•ire in deiclopincnt at scscral do/cn
laboratories.As yet, the industry has
not vet mastered tlic techniques for de-
positing active components on the -501110
dielectric substrate. 'I'his may require
new substrate materials whicli will hare
the same crystal structure as the semi-
THE FIRST UHF REAL-TIME ACTIVE SATELLITE REPEATER, conductor but retain good dielectric

l5iiring the last seicral months the

designed for one year of continuous operation in orbit, has been developed mmiber of requests for proposals from
allthree military ageiicics-Aniiy. Naiy
and fabricated by Bendix Systems Division under sponsorship by the Wright and Air Force-for small scale resc.irch
and development efforts in microelec-
tronics has been on the increase, 'riicsc
Air Development Division of the United States Air Force in conjunction with requests cover such work as thin film
and epitaxial film growtii. connection
an ARPA program. This development typifies programs offering new career and interconnection of functional cir-
cuits. hatch and continuous deposition
of thin films.
opportunities to better engineers and scientists. Besides the research contracts, the
requirement that microelectronics he
used in both prototype and actual
hardware for militan’ asionic equip-
ment appears more frequently in pro-
jKisal work statements. These often
BENDIX SYSTEMS DIVISION cover computer and control suhsystcnis
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN •nid other si'stcms such as physiologi-
cal monitoring packages-which bs
tlicir nature arc only possible nith a
high degree of microminiaturization.
Cord
AVIATION WEEK, CIRCLE 245 ON READER ICE CARD 245
Q#
n&w size 11 servo motor.
-

For 400 Cycle Airborne A Ground Control Applications ^ Lt'v'

SHORTER than Mark 14 Mod 0 LIGHTER than Mark 14 Mod 0

- 4.2 oz.
-55’C- - +!25‘C

NEW TYPE 5104-01 NEW TYPE S104-01

-54‘C —— +85“C

BuOrd Mark 14 Mod 0 BuOld Mark 14 ModO

BuOrd Mark 14 ModO

5
HIGHER RELIABILITY at
LOWER COST than Mark 14
Mod 0— Achieved by eirmlnaling
terminal board arrangement and
Now Typt 5104-01 hai tht utilizing lead wires.
um. .l.ctrical eharact.r-
iaUc* a> Mark 14 Mod 0

For your higher reliability, advance

design requirements in rotating
componants, contact your nearest
John Oster office.
Meets ARP 407. Statnlese steel tiouelnp ueed.

MANUFACTURING COMPANY/speclallste in tnelrumsntation end Displar/Aviontc Division; f

VEItTOL 107 turbiiie-poivcied transport helicopter prototype passes Iuw'Ct Monliottan after leuviiig new' Wall Street heliport-

EASTERN OFFICE WESTERN OFFICE

5333 South Sepulveda Blvd.

Synchros

Motor Techs
Computers
Indicators
Servo Mecheniems
DC Motors
Culver City, California
Phone; EXmonl 1-5742 Helicopters
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 247
 • HELICOPTERS

Missions Expand for Vertical Flight

By David A. Andcrton Helicoptcr.s vvxiro in large pro-
duction. doing jobs for their milifary
and civilian owners. \TOL vehicles
Three major factors arc shaping tlie future of vertical-lift modes of flight:
were few in number, and were making
• New militats' mission requirements which cannot be efficiently performed halting and short flights, ignoniinoiislv
by conventional vehicles now in the inventors'. tied to the ground, or making their first
• Opening of nesv land areas for industrial or population growth in regions tentative ventures into the free air.

not served bv the usual transportation networks. GEMs were nothing more tluin over-
grown toys, built to prove a principle.
• Changing transportation needs of massive metro]>olitan areas such as New But the rate of technical progress,
York, Chicago and I,os Angeles. which rides an exponential curve,
The first tw'o factors are pro\iding like their VTOL relatives, do not hover worked in fm or of the newcomers. Their
the inrcnti\'C for in\entinn and design efficiently. But their particular virtues progress has been so rapid that now thev
of unique s-cliicics to sohe unique prob- are in doing a trulv' ampliibious job or must be grouped togetner with the lieli-
lems. The third factor is providing the in Ojxirating over any kind of mixed copter as possible solutions to ans
inccntis'C to dcs'clop these unique solu- terrain where no other single veliicle problem of vertical flight.
tions in genera] applications for eco- could travel.
nomical transportation. In times past, tlicsc categories of
New Requirements
vcrtical-lift devices have been fairlv casv Newest of these problems are spelled
The Kaman HUSKIE was designed to be a rugged, reliable rescue heli- Changing Pattern to separate- Helicopters worked; \'TOLs out in ii group of three unrelated mili-
copter. It was bred for the boondocks. The number, nature and difficulty Tc^ethcr they will work tremendous and GEMs didn't, at least not very effi- tary mission requirements, which actu-

of the rescues has completed since entering operational service prove

it changes on tlie pattern t)f world-wide ally have much in common. Just a few
mos'Cments of passengers, pas'loads and
it was bred right. Rescues involving Kaman helicopters which hit the
platoons. If the first half of this century
headlines recently follow below, with on the spot photos to the right. has become known for the dcselopmcnt
of powered flight, so mn\' the second
A. LARSON AFG, ’
li.ilf become known for tlie dciclopmcnt

A Huskie hovering of vertical flight,

burning wreckage of Exploitation of the modes of icrtical
B-52D used its rotor i' fliglit started ivith the helicopter, whose
wash to keep flames rotating wings proi'ide esen todai' the
from the bomber's 128,000 only realiv efficient w.iy of lifting pav-
pound fuel load until all 10 Joads I'crticalli' off the ground. Twentv
crewmen years of helicopter dci'clonmcnt liai'C
evacuated. (Air Force Photo) produced a contemporarv fli'ing lehicle
that has proven its worth in v.uiets- of
and
THE KAMAN AIRCRAFT CORP.. BLOOMFIELD. CONN militarv civilian roles.
In recent years the helicopter has seen
its lead in vertical lift challenged h\' two
different types of aircraft. First among
llicscwas the sliort-t.ikcoff-and-landing
(STOl.) aircraft nhich. with a little en-
gineering effort, has heen turned into
a s-crtical-takeoff-and-Ianding f\'TOU
t\pc.
This kind of aircraft, although it
hos'erssvcll. docs so s'cn- incfficicntlv

from an economical standpoint, fts real

virtue lies in its ability tn combine hos'-
ering capability with higli cruise veloci-
ties well bevond those attainable by
today’s fastest helicopters.

GEM Machines
Second newcomer to the vertical travel
field was tlie air-ciishion vehicle f.\CV)
or ground-effect machine fGFM).
These strange hvbrids of surface vehicle
and airaaft are borne over the earth on
a lav'cr of air, drawn in gcncraliv' from
above tlie CTaft and blown out in a
unifomi lav'er underneath. Tliickness
of this layer varies with the application.
It may be onlv a fraction of an inch
or it may be measured in feet- CKMs,

SIKORSKY HSS-2 production line. Line

of S-S8s is ill background.
• HELICOPTERS • HELICOPTERS
strip to the deck of the GEM if ncccs- intercitv transportation will use these ago ate being done todav. 'Ilie jntis
sarv. or to an adjacent strip cleared in open highways, at first for coincntiona! that arc considered now as limiting for
tilt- .same was-. Tile asailabilits of a helicopters, then later for compounded the VT’OL aircraft may be routine- and
short-distance runway inacascs tlic load- helicopters or V/STOI, transports. primitive tomorrow. The GMM's field,
earrynig capability- of the V/ST'Ol. Mere ag.iiil a eomhination of five restricted now by consent to wlic-rt it
trans|iort tremendously, and it becomes three types of \-crtical-Iift aircraft may lias no competition, may- Ik- a major

the prime moser of htas-y loads in this rove ,i solution. Air-cushion v-ehicles area of transportation in the future.
tliree-vchick- cciniliination. E avc bc'cn serioiislv studied for opera-
No Growth Parallel
T’his is just one example of how the tion overland, their lighhveiglit bodies
unique missicui capahility of each type tiding a restraining rail. With such Tliere is no p;ira1lc1 for the rtmark-
of seliicle e.in be integrated into an equipment replacing the ancient com- ahlc grow til r.ite of these nen categories
overall delis cry or supply- system wliicli binations of commuter train, bus and of The airplane, wliicli lias
aircraft.

IS much inure efficient than any one ferry, tlie liigli-densitv traffic of the lived an explosive growth
tliroiigh

ts pe, ssorking alone, could lie. peak hours could be mov ed rapidlv- and pattern, been around for about
has
With
the entire Middle Atlantic sea- efficiently. 60 scats. has spent almost half of its
It

board on the serge of becoming a con- Business and pleasure traffic between life maturing to the point where it

tiguous metropolis several hundred points three hours' driv-c apart could could he considered as a legitimate
miles long, the need for efficient trans- be liandled by- either lielicoplcr or means of transportation. It took about
portation increases many-fold. Conven- \'/S'l()L transport. I.ong-rangc inter- )0 sears of eiigintcring dcselopmeiit
tional means .ire no longer solutions citv trav el eoiild become prov ince of the before the airjd.me could become an
to the problem. Tlic highssays art- hetico|)ter or its dcvelapcd derivativ-cs. cIReieiit sehicle, c.irrying a sizable pas-
eloegcd and cannot be built fast enough kxid at speeds of 200 inpli. for costs
Pace of Progress that approached the compelitioii.
to teep Hp ssitli the usc-gross th r.ite of
scliicular traffic, Rail sersia- is deterio- Each of these three types of vehicles Ill contrast, the helicopter as a
rating. Long-dist.incc air transport had its nun limitations as well as its practical flving machine has been on
crowds the .lirw-ay-s in metropolitan areas best application.But the development the acromiiilical scene nnis about 20
and threatens to he the controlling fac- curve for all three types has risen so years. Within its first dee.idc it w-js

tor on all movements of all air traffic rapidlv thiit-iis in tlie case of the tisiiig militarv mission.s that no other
along the eastern seaboard. airplanc-it is not easy to extrapolate sehicle could tackle. Noss at the
there a solution? Proponents of
Is th.it curve to find out where it is going. threshold of its .second decade, it is
the helicopter say- there is. Their sug- .-All that can be said is that the cunt- beginning to slioss- competitise price
gestion; the large high-speed helicopter. is goin^ up at a rate faster than the structure for short-haul transpiirtation.
The helicojiter .shoss-s great promise visionariesdreamed or the planners ex- Faster still has been the rate of
today as an airborne holster of objects, pected. The missions that looked im- progress with Vl’OL aircraft, l-'ise

it can ciirry pavloads cxternallv or in- possible for the helicopter five years years ago tlicsc were aeronautical
missions would oisl\' \TOI, tcmallv, lift them, Invvcr them or drag
years ago, tlicsc can then be determined.
flight ncarcst helicopter base, the
asaiiable
iiasc been considered in terms of tbeir • Logistics o\er the sliote (LOTS) mis- nearest railhead, the nearest docks or them if necessary-. It can toss boats, VANGUARD Model 2D ducted fen VT'OL vehicle built by Vangiurd Air & Maiine Corp.
pull trucks out of the axle-deep mud, is tested in NASA’s Ames Research Center wind tunnel at Moffett Field, Calif.
solution bs' licUcopter. I'odin then’ arc . .sinn. a joint Na\-y and Marine Corps fuel storage depot. Ksen today’s sophis-
calling for three different types of vehi- requirement for a resupply s’chiclc. may- ticated helicopters capable of doing the and lav telephone or power lines.
kick off development of the first la^e. Tlii.s scrsatilits- lias liad its price in
Nas-y-’s stringent imfisubniarine mi.ssion
Tlicsc three seem destined to stand high initial and maintenance costs. But
practicil. militarv ground-effect ma- —one hour's cruise, two hours’ hoser
in the future as turning points in the chines. This requirement, stemming and one hour’s cruise— can't perform all dcsclopmeiit progr.ims now on the hori-
desclopment of vertical-lift aircraft; from the appalling losses of cons-en- the jobs that actis-e engineering minds
zon for the helicopter arc aimed at de-
• Army light obsecration helicopter tional i'.iirphibious \-ehicles duringbeach can dream up. creasing these factors and at the same
(t.OH) design competition, aimed at an assaults in nar and maneuvers in peace, One solution is offered by the com time improsing its efficiency- as a trans-

eventual production order for scrcr.il calls for O])cr.ition to beachheads from a billed capability- of all three of these
Ihmisand rotary-ning aircraft. Amiv’s far-offshore fleet. WTth a 1 50-naut. mi. forms of vertical flight.
T'his means, of course, getting tlic
requirement built around a wcll-dc- radius of action, and operated The proposal starts with a niobilo liirect operating costs dosvn to the point
is at high
rclopcd concept of flight which in the speeds, sueh CMMS could carrv pav- Imsc ss-hich is an enormous GEM. ca- sslicre tiles arc better than fixed-ss-ing

past has been retarded bv high initial hxids on the order of 10 to 12 tons in pable of mos-cnicnt over land or water aircraft. Some current .inalyscs shtisv
and maintenance This lliiit the crossover point noss- occurs
crests charges. a 45,000-lb. gross weight schicle. The or mixed terrain. Tliis base carries at
first really large production order for major ads-antage of the GFAf-jts true least one crane helicopter in its payload,
somewhere around 50 to 50 naiit. mi.

helicopters— if materializes— should see amphibious capahilih-— would show to T'echnical improvements vv-ill raise that
it plus tlic other necessities of life at a
development of a rugged, simple, main- ad\-antagc in this mission. There would point to perhaps 100 naiit. mi., nr .i
remote point.
region where iiitcrcits transportation
tainable helicopter wliose technical fca- he 110 problem of rough water near the The base could move up to tlic hc.id-
tnres could feed back into otlicr future In helicopter will become not just a dc-
beach, rollers or n-ascs off-shore, mines of a river, or across miles of
ss-aters
siralile and expensiso luxury-, but a use-
or obstacles in the water. Troops tundra or marshland and drop anchor
•^^-sers’icc traiisirntt competition, fi- fuland economic necessity.
would anise on the sand, not yards off- in an open area big enough to contain
nancing the dcsclopment and construc- shore in neck-deep water.
Some airline managements now
its diiiiciisioiis plus some space for
tion of would concede tlic s cry short haul mar-
a scTsiee-test onantits- of niaiK-mc-ring. From its deck the heli-
\'TOL logistic transnnrts. Designs arc New Lands copter could fiv deep over jungles, let
ket-N'esi York to Philadelphia, for ex-
cvpcctcd to be in the iS. 000-lb, cate- ample— to existing turbine powered heli-
/list as new- militarv needs arc spon- doss-n a po<l of workmen to clear an
gory, with payload enpabilih’ estimated
copters if adequate cits-ccntcr heliports
soring deiclnpment of new kinds of area, drag away the trees and brush,
siorc available. -As turbine helicopter
hetneen fi.OOO and 16,000 1b. depend- airborne veliicles, so will the unique and tlien kind in the clearing. It could
s|)ceds increase, perhaps with the addi-
ing on the choice of either the \TOL needs of land exploration open new as c- ferry- more men. temporary- buildings,
or STOI. mode of operation. Range is tion of stub wings, they feel conv-cn-
lines of approacli for icrtical-lift de- inoliile equipment and su|iplics tn that
reported at SOO naiit. mi„ and cruise tional transport aircraft will be easily
signs. base sshfle the original helicopter land-
speed ez|)e:ted outdistanced up to 200-500 mi. st.iges.
is to lie in excess of Tile potential of \-ertical flight in the ing area ssas being expended to a small
•At the moment, the only unchittercd
275 kt. This competition is planned exploration and opening of new terri- landing strip.
to get a state-of-the-art macliinc intn
avenues of approach to any metropolis
tory been only partialis- realized.
lias .\t this point, hcasv ferrving could
arc the low-altitude aitlanes. the regions
major problems
serrice test so that flic There are still hmidreds of thousands be taken ov er by A'/STOL transport
,i

and adsantages of the unique mode of where helicopters can operate. Future
of square miles that ate too far from thc sshiclicovdd operate from tlic jungle

250 AVIATION WEEK, 1961

13,
 • HELICOPTERS
airiositics, strangc-looking test aircraft
with stranger flying cliar.ictcristics.
Today, wliitc they arc still far from the
perfected form of the helicopter, these
vertical risers have progressed to the
point where new inililarv specifications
for fighters as well as transports are MONTROSE DIVISION
being written armind the unique quali-
fication of this type “f airplane.
I'astcst progress has been made in the
fieldof GFMs. Not quite three years
of dcsclopmcnt has taken these from
laboratory toys to commcrciany sold
D.C. MOTORS
\ehides.

Reasons Why
Behind aiiv explosire growth rate
there are solid technical reasons that
explain the exponential curve of prog-
ress. and this is particularly true with
the spectrum of vertical lift. OPTIONAL FEATURES
Biggest single factor in the develop-
ment of all three types of these aircraft • MOTOR SPEEDS— 7500 rpm, 9000 rpm, 12000 rpm.
has been the scccnd-gcncration gas Other speeds available on request.
turbine. The promise this type of
engine showed in the 1950s is coming • GEAR RATIOS— 5:1, 8.33:1, 20:1, 25:1, 80:1, 500:1,
to fulfillment in the earliest vears of the 1600:1.
1960s,
• INPUT VOLTAGE— 6 to 50 volts d.c. Stondard models
Lightweight, high-power units with
1 2 and 26.5 volts d.c.
extreme dependability and long life
have made for a major discontinuity • GOVERNOR CONTROL RANGE— 7500-1 4000 rpm.
in development of the lifting vehicle^
Formerly a large percentage of the • DUTY — 3 watt continuous.
THE ARMY GROWS 'EM TOUGH total weight went into the powerplant • BRUSH LIFE — to 450 hrs.
necessary to lift that weight off the
How the Hlllor 12 E Became First Choice ground.
The cycle was almost sclf-dc-
ENVIRONMENTAL
of Commercial Operators CHARACTERISTICS
structive in some instances- The gas
turbine changed It gave
that picture.
From the day it went into commercial • TEMPERATURE 65° F. to 200° F., standard models.
the designer a tiny package of hundreds
E had a heed start.
service, the Hiller 12 —65° C. to 200° C, special models.
of shaft horsepower iir a minimum
Ithad an Army-proved H-23D airframe and metal volume that two healthy men • VIBRATION— 20 to 2000 cps at 16 g's.
an Army-proved H-23D drive system that could lift- It has taken 10-15 years of
hadn't begun to exploit its full strength. aircraft gas turbine development to get • SHOCK AND ACCELERATION— 30 g's.

tlicscengines to their current .state,

The next step rewrote the specs on what
• RADIO NOISE— Standard models available shielded to
where thev can easily replace the highly
meet MIL-l-6181 radiated noise. Conducted noise met
light utility helicopters can do. Capitalizing on developed piston engines that have
powered the helicopter. with external filtering. Also available unshielded.
the H-230 Raven's dynamic components traditionally

with a 305 hp Lycoming engine's power, tight Now they are on the scene as produc-
• QUALITY — Ports manufactured to close tolerances and
tion engines, and they have made a
helicopter "firsts' of the kind above were ore 100 percent inspected. Motors pre-run to insure
difference in every approach to the
bound to happen. Similar profitable consistent performance. Type tests are performed on
design of the helico|)ter.
operations are flown every day, wherever sample quantities of production units within our plant.
there's an E.
Evolutionary Changes
OTHER MONTROSE DIVISION PRODUCTS-
the application of the gas turbine
If
That's why the 12 E has become first Synchros Aulosyn* Indicators
has been a revolutionary change, most
choice — it's the most economical helicopter of the other factors that have helped Dynomolors Autosyn Pressure Tronsmitters
purchase today. to perfect these aircraft liave bk‘n Pressure Switches Autosyn Position Indicators
evolutionary. There have been no Ordnonce Switches D. C. Synchro Indicators
major advances in aerodvnamics or
design in any of the three
Dtsigns are one thing. Deliveries another. HILLER^ structural
categories of vertical flight. Tlicrc has
AIRCRAFT
CORPORATIOX
rather
known
been the
principles
application
of flight
of
or
well-
lift,

finallv made passible by B number of

f.ictors coming together at once.
There is still much ])otential in the
helicopter. One authoritv estimates
that current programs of rotor and
fu.vclagc driig cican-up, plus some
advanced design techniques, could give

CIRCIE ON READER SERVICE CARD 2S3

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961
 • HELICOPTERS
50% range increase, 20% inaintcnjiice
decrease per ton-mile, and 50% in-
crca.se in speed.
Tlic next step is to conipotind the
helicopter by unloaeliiif tlie rotor wifli
small stub wings. Weight and perform-
ance inacascs follow, with reiUiccri
direct operating costs a dividend.

Poyload Growth
Parallel to these im|)rovcmcmts in
detail design and concept "ill nm
growth increases, so that greater and
greater payloads willbe bandlctl. The
flyiiiv crane with 8- to H-tcm jjayloads
will be operational ssitb military units
during this decade, one engineering
expert savs. and bv the mid-lObOs,
use of the passenger pod should be
Rochester Manufacturing Co.

“MISSION desclopcd to the point where the crane

can be used to transport people cluiiiig
peak hours. During the latter years of
with American-Standard®

MODULE” the decade, the 20- to -10-ton cranes

should appear.
llic lines of V/STOL progress arc
means to you

HELICOPTER not so clearly drawn, nicrc is still

much dilference of npinion on opti-
mum
is just
design for these airaaft. and tlicre
a beginning of common ap-
Perhaps you read the story in the Wall STREEt
Journal. "American Ptadiator and Standard Sani-
tary Corp. has acquired Rochester Manufactur-
. . .

ing Co., maker of gauges and instruments. Roches-

prnaclics to the problem in the disciiv ter Manufacturing, and Rochester Mfg. Co, of
sion of desirable flying and handling California, will operate as a part of American-
Standard Controls Division."
characteristics.
There was more. But what is of immediate con-
A dozen or more inventive ap-
cern to you is: what does this consolidation of two
proaches to the design of these \ chiclcs great names in the field of gauges and rontrols
have not vet produced a single "best” mean to manufacturers of jet aircraft, missiles, and
ground support equipment?
solution except in the views of cacli
It means expansion of Rochester Instruments' basic
proponent. While there is complete engineering and research program "and'* stepped-up
agreement among designers of VTOL new products develoj ifiecling broader
aircraftth,it they can do a unique
It means that the scope of the Roch<
CONVERTS FROM MINESWEEPING TO ASW job and do it well, there is complete
IN ONE HOUR dll be increased to serve industry
disagreement on tlic best «'ay to do the more ePi^tfvX
The new Iwm turbine-powered Boeing-Verlol 107 the only
is
Itmeans that the complete facilities and capabilities
helicopter flying today that can perform so many military of the; American-Standard Controls Division are at
m^ssions-wlthoul costly conversion of the basic aircraft GEM Limitation
contract projects.
In GEMs the picture is somewhat In short, it means gxaxitk . greater resources, .
.
a variety of modules or equipment to be quickly and easily
altered b\' a scry
the fact that there is and development of important new products to take
installed on the 107, thereby enabling it to perform special-
limited nundjcr of approaches to the their place beside Rochester Pressure Gauges and —
ised missions tor any and all military services. The Navy, Detroit Electrosyn systems and Norwood Strain
design. Perhaps the best aim of Gauge Pressure Pickup.
for example, can use the Boeing-Verlol 107 for minesweeping
designers nosv is in determining roles .11- 1 — I. r 1 .Up opi»rtunitv, as we al-
and fleet utility duties and then, less than sixty minutes
and missions for the vehicles and in
after mission completion, convert to anti-submarine warfare .eet the
iniprosing control systems and reaction
-simply by installing Vertol's ASW module. times to control motion. The upiJcr
Whatever the mission, the performance-proved Boeing- size limits of thousands of tons that
Vcrtol 107 offers features unmatched by any other helicopter ii.scd to be quoted as most efficient for
the tvpc have been resised downward
NORWOOD STRAIN OAJGE PRESSURE PICKUP (to 100,001
slabiiity at aero airspeed for any-wind hovering ... a Vertol- so that optimum vehicles of 100 tons
devcloped stability augmentation system (SAS) provides appear to be completely possible by
fixed-wing aircraft stability which can be augmented with a careful design.
Tl-t lomilicr RMC rro*msrl. .ymbol =1 quslily in-
trim system for automatic flight tandem-rotor design that
. . .
Althoiigli some of tlie Ixrckcrs of
minimizes down-wash velocities - ability to land and take-
. .
GEMs feel they work best in an
offfrom water without special flotation gear. environment where they have no
These are just a few of the capabilities that make the competition, others sec them as directly
Boeing-Vertol 107 the first alt-mission, all-service helicopter.
competitive with older, long-established
forin.s of transportation.
Anv genend conclusion for the future
of these vertical-lifting vehicles is im-

veWoi pos.sihle.
tion.s

left
Yesterday's visionary ptcdic-
of things to come have
behind in the turbulent wake of
the fast-moving stream of acronaulical
often been
(Ift/jAMERicAN-tSptandard
n\/p, progress.

AVIATION 13, 1961 ClkCLE 25$ ON READER SERVICE CARD 255

 isgsgUs
When Should Alloy Steels

irf

Business Flying
BETHLEHEM STEEL
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 257
 • BUSINESS FLYING

Business Flying Feels Recession Pinch

B}- Erwin Biilban higher-cost used airplanes taken in
J.
trade. Tliese trends added to the sur-

Business flying’s effort to get off to a fast-moving start to fulfill cx|>eeta- plus of I960 models especially a^ta-
vated distrihutot and dealer financial
tions that 1961 would be its biggest year yet ran into trouble early this year
problems, since most dealers are
overcoming the inertia of the recession in general business. of
accustomed to rapid turnover a
IVith the national outlook over the next few months iiiicertaiu, it becomes relatively small capital to maintain
equally difficult to estimate what the business flying sales scoreboard will business.
This situation encouraged price
look like at year’s end.
cutting and taking of a smaller prcilit
Best available opinion in the industry is that business flying probably wdl
on sales of new and used aitplanes.
not set any new unit sales or dollar volume records this year. Rather, business The result; slower airplane siilcs as the
|)robablv will be close to !960's record-breaking level of more than S200 customer bc-c-amc aware of the situ.i-
million in retail sales of aircraft and parts. tiou and deb' cd to shop around.
Recession worries wcic one thing
Industri- spokesmen sav that if this the recession became harder to sell that slowed airplane sales soon after

docs hapiien. then business flying will and began delaviiig purchases several mid-1960. Resulting ovcr-inveiitotiw
li.iseprosed its stability, just as it did months, cteatiirg a somewhat similar were aggraiatcd by still another situa-
in the WSS recession when it actually situation to that faced by the autts- tion. Influx of new dealers into the
indusfrv's organizations also re-
shossed a gain user 195" in both dollar mobile indiisfn, except that the busi- sates

volume and units delis-ercd. ness airplane field is far more sensitiie sulted in ljuiid-up of surplus airplane.s
because of proportionately fewer outlets since some of tliese rclatiscly new out-
Lower Profits invohed. lets took longer to get started and
Profits will probably be down some, Dealers invested more lieaiily in in- dciclo|3 sales than had initially been
not merely on the basis of fewer sales, \cntori last year tliaii usual to stock expected.
additional models that were intrtidnced • Recession uncertainties were in-
hut because business flying is not tc-
treiicliing in the sense tli.it it plans to and tliei had mote capital tied up in creased with the adicnt of a new ad-

tun with the business tide. Its strategy

is to achiese the higlicst possible sales MOONEY MK. 21
under the circunistances, wliieh means
that sales costs probably will go up.
| he factories, tcahring that distributors’
problems are closelv akin to their own,
will spend money to ease the burden
on the field outlets. Ihcrc will also
be monev spent on deselopiiig new
models and new facilihes that mai not
show a rcfuni for another year nr so.
The recession is not all darkness.
Domestic sales of new units m.iy slide
suinc, but it appears that export volume
will show a coutimied healthy up-
AiReseerch Avicition Service converls Convair structural modification to engine nacelles, new instru- trend. It probably can not take up
340s and 440s into high performance airliners and mentation, and electronic and radio system modifica- a iiiiijot part of the slack that may de-
executive aircraft with Napier Jel-Prop engines tion in minimum down lime. iclop in the U.S. market, however.
specifically designed for the Convair 540. Conversion of Convair .340s and 4-W)s to Napier- I'hcre arc also indications that in a
Willi over-wealher cruising speed of 326 mph and powered Jel-Prop 540s period of hiisincss difficultL company
is jterformed exclusively at
payload (range capacity of 60 passengers for 800 aiqdanct get high ufiliz.ition so that
AiResearch Aviation Service, the most experienced
miles or 10 executives transcontinental nonstop), the company in the modification of Convair 210s, 340s iiidustrv cxeciitiics can personally at-
Napier Jet-Prop 540 provides a smoother ride at and 440s into executive aircraft and luxury airliners. tempt to stay on top of operations at
greatly reduced noise levels and improves economy dispersed plants. Scri'ice operators are
Employing more than 600 of the most highly trained
of operation in airline or business transport. reporting increased fuel sales and oiain-
and experienced engineers, technicians and craftsmen
An AiResearch auxiliary gas turbine installation tenaocc business, allciiating to some
in the industry, AiRe.^earch performs all design, engi-
(optional equipmenti makes the Convair 540 self- extent the drop in their plane sales
neering, fabrication and installation work in one loca-
sulficiciit on any landing strip. The on-board unit tion to meet the conversion, modification, maintenance
provides complete engine starting and all power for and overhaul requirements of any aircraft. Key Factors
ground air conditioning and preflighl checkout. Write, wire or telephone today for complete infor-
Installation of the 3500 eshp Napier ‘'Eland 504" Kev which intermeshed to
factors
mation regarding your Convair 540 conversion with
Jet-Prop engines with four-bladed propellers includes increase the burden upon the industry
Najiier Jel-Prop engines.
and influenced the reactionary husiness
Customer confidence is our most highly regarded asset. turn incinded;
• Abnomially high field inventories of
new 1960 airplanes at the close of last
•aton diResearcli Aviation Service Division season’s model yx'ar. Indic-ations arc
and Piper were particularly
that Beccli
affected b\' tliis problem, but Cessna
less scierelv. Customers reacting to
• BUSINESS FLYING • BUSINESS FLYING
ministiation. Customers ate saying
tlicy
longer,
would prefer to wait a little
two or three months, before
U.S. Business & Utility Aircraft Shipments— 1960
closing a deal to see what the new Ad-
ministration will do. to see what it
plans to spend on recoscry programs
and liow in turn this will affect taxes.
• Umisimllv bad weathet, particularly
in the midwest and northeast, which
was sustained over a longer than
normal period this winter, tended to
discoura^' prospects from taking a
look at airplanes and cut into demon-
stration periods.
Manufacturers, an-.irc that their
fortunes are closclv allied with those
of their distributors and dealers, have
been working vsith the field organii'a-
tions to alleviate the roughest spots
and indications arc the worst
that
initial problems arc out of the wav.
Distributors, aware that shortage of
capital could put them out of busi-
ness, h.rvc established longer lines of
credit. One di.stribntor obtained
5-150,000 in long-term credit to prevent
being squeezed. Tn some eases dis-
tributors have called meetings of their
dealersand their hankers to point out
to the latter that this was the time
for the hanks to stand behind their
customers witli wlitim thev had been
enjoying good business.

Production Adjusted
I'actorics have reduced some original
production sclicdulcs to keep their .lii-
pUne inventory in line with demand.
Beech -Aircraft Corp.. in its first quarter,
ended Dee. 31. 19^0, reported an 11%
increase m
commercial ,«iles over the
same period the previous yciir. but
then January- showed business dovvm to
about the same level as Januarv, IQfiO, factory parts business in the last fise.il was done Ixicause the original price plan to im|3rose salts ca|)abilitics by-
and rebruary a slight decrease. In re- year approximated S3 million, and was increase, from 572,000 to 575,000, taking advantage of company training
sponse Beech cut its production and projected for S3. 2 million this vear. made after adding some equipment to schools,
delivery schedules bv l6%, putting the At the end of tlic coinpanv's first Manufaclurets arc going ahead witli
the basic airplane and intteasiiig the
plant on roughlv the same schedule as quarter, Cessna was reporting s|>arcs gross weight 250 Ih., brought the 500-.A their programs to continue increasing
this period the previous vear. Beech Isusiness$200,000 over projections for loo close to the 500-R Cominaiider and the iinnihcr of dc-alcrs.
had planned a 20% increase in produc- the period Approximately one-third of therefore made tlic airplanes competi- Biggest tiling m their favor, they
tion to meet earlier optimistic busi- field service putts requirements is sup- tive Ijctween themselscs. rcjjort, is that theirs is nowhere near a
ness estimates for 19fil. Kmpkiymenl plied by the factory. Moiinev -Aircraft, builder of the Mark urated market. .A period of b
has dropped "several hundred" since 21 fiHir-pliicvr. also looks optimistically ivncd
December, though less than 40% is in Favorable Projection
at business in 1961. It still is aiming airplanes can really pay off lor ii
commercial production. Commander, Inc., reports that it to double priKluction user 1960 vvith
Cessna, too, reduced its mit-thc-doiir believes that 1961 will be a better year the new model, which has been revised
rate. Because nf its more favorable field than 1960 and is aiming for a 20% to all-inet.il cmistriictiou. and produce
inventorv situation, it reported the best increase in business. It lias experi- 300.
Plans Move Ahead
1961 first quarter in the company's enced a production cutback, hut says Moonev's expansion program requires Plans ate going ahead for production
historv. Now Cessna is maintaining this was primarily due to a step-up last additional flnaiieing to build imeutories of 1962 lines, svliith will be out tins
a tight level of inventories sina- reports year to get its new airplanes out the of materials. Retoolina to the all-metal fall. Prototype designs arc frozen,
indicate that orders for I''cbru.irv door and that its production now is configiiralion was cnsftv and President materials iinentorics arc being .stocked,
through .April are down over flie same within three or four airplanes of what ilal Racli.il lias been raising additional and. in many eases, some parts arc
period last year. In line with the funds by sale of treasury shares with alrc-adv in production. Materials orders
jirodnction slow-down, it has laid off Expectations are that it will show a which he hopes tn obtain approximately actually ate placed in stages so the
iipprnximatclv 400 workers. production average of 15 airplanes 5400,000 ncetled to supply the pro- danger nf being caught with osetages is
Sparc parts business out of the monthly for the first two months of duction lines. not particularly acute since these c-.in
facton- has risen in line with reports 1961. Output currently is based on a Companies report that in line with be paced to some extent by current
that the current operating business ait- 16-hr. production line. an iigga-.ssivc approach tosvards llie business conditions.
pkne fleet being used more hec.iuse
i.s It set a price reduction in the Model recession, their dealers and distributors Picture on new models in the line
AERO COMMANDER 500A of industry's greater needs. Cessna 5(10-A, from $75,000 to $67,500. This ate putting on mote salesmen and saries. Indications arc that Beech has

260 AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 261
 • BUSINESS FLYING
• BUSINESS FLYING
piTt clepaihiients with heavier support
ordered a ulort’down in the development in tlic way of demonstrator aircraft
•vcliediile on its font-place fixed tricvelc ill have been pyiiig off, laying a
liiiiding gc-jr 510,000-class lightpf.inc foundation for tufure .vubstanfial in-
and chances arc that this will not he creases in sales growth abraid.
out this veat. The IQf.l liglit-twm
Travel Air-vvhich will feature fiiel-iii- 1960's High Mark
jeefion engines as the big iinprovcnient
.Mthoiigli U. S. business plane maim-
over |)rcvious inodcis-is still scheduled
factiircrs on (he average appear to be-
for debut this month. Cessna is going
lieve that they will not achieve a sub
ahead on the four-place pusher-tractor stantial sales ami unit dcliverv gain in
twin-boom light-light twin and the
I9(il over the past record breaking year,
Model ?20 me-placc 260-hp. super- mark was favorable enmigli so
1960’s
charged Continental-povvacd Iiigher- thev come close to it they will
that if
pcrformancc version of the 310T light still be in a strong sales position.
twin, both of which will be in the 1962
Retail sales of S200 million-plus last
line, 'nicte reportedly has been some
vear exceeded the previous year by bet-
reduction in effort on dcvcIo|)nient on
ter than S30 million and provided the
the heavy-light twin 6-10 placer, but industry with total facton net hillings
this was not scheduled for delivery of better than SI 51 million com|wrcd
until late 1963 or early 196-t, Both the with 1960’s billings of nearlv SI 3(1 inil-
light-light twin and Model 520 have
been schedidcd to begin flight tests N'ot included in these figures is
before .April.
the .idditional millions of dollars spent
on additional
STRATEGIC AEROSPACE CENTER • Lockheed / Georgia
Export Sales hv owners on their airaaft
is next door to Huntsville and Cape Canaveral. This strategic
navigation and coimmmicationv equip
The export situation continues to he
gecgraphic location eliminates excessive transportation costs,
ment installed after the aircraft left
bullish. Business flying will show
marked improvement in sales abroad
the factory. makes technical liaison more efficient, and reduces the overall time
Noteworthy was the stcadv rise in
this year over last, which was an year
span of aerospace programs. And the Georgia Division is big
sales of twin-engine airplanes. I-ist
exceptionally good year. Beech .Aircraft
1.225 of this class were delivered com- enough physically to handle any program yet concelved-
echoes industrv sentiments that the ex-
pared with 996 in 1959. To point up the big enough in capability to take on the full gamut of advanced
port outlook for 1961 is verv good, with
claim bv manufacturers that they arc
no signs of a recession in anv major mily scratching at a iionsatiirated mar-
research and manufacturing jobs. LOCKHEED/QEORGIA
deliveriesand backlog for it.s four
ket, it is interesting to note that in most
month.? ending in Jamian' were 100% eastis, as competitive models ate put out
ova the same
period a year ago. Tlic bv c’ach mamifacturcT, the end-of-yeat
aniipany expects that its final vear-end
sales tallies usually show a marked rise
tallv will show export sales
increased sales in this class, supporting
in total
50^
gam
over 1960,
of 200%
Last vear showed a
over 1959 in foreign

Europe has become a prime export

their point that harder .selling resulted
in
of
increased sales not to the detriment
competing makes.
IMPORTANT NEWS
market. Iiaving overtaken the Canadian
market in the past four or five vears.
To
clusfty
hack up their thesis that the m-
needs more airisliincs s]x;cific.illy
tailored to the eustmner’s wants, manu-
FOR HYDRAULIC PUMP USERS
Continued economic and political in-
facturers continued to increase their
stability in Smith America has held
model lines. AMERICAN ENGINEERING'S
down this area’s potential. European HELE-SHAW and HYDRAMITE
countries have made vigorous economic Beech Adds Boron pumps ore now being precision
comebacks and now are more inde- engineered and fabricated ot
pendent linanciallv of the United States Beech last vear added the Baron,
the Airerofi Armoments, Inc.
than at any lime since the war. As which Beech savs has Iscen such a
success that it has not been affected
plom 01 Cockeysville, Md.
prosperity increases in this area, the
liv the business slow-down. Cessna Be ossured that the same crofls-
public'.? demand for a higher living
standard
brought out rhe new Model 1S5 Skv- manship and high standords of
increases and the result is
vvagon utilitv airplane, which will prolV quolity which make HELE-SHAW
PROFESSIONAL STAFF APPOINTMENTS good for business.
in ably compete with the Lockheed and HYDRAMITE pumps leoders
iic^thn Sy„>m, art apailaUtfor EI«lro«sc Enginttrs, Pi Increasing Interest l..AS.\-60 in foreign markets, and added in their field will be maintained
and Matbematicians with advanced degrtts and creative the Skyhook helicopter to the line. in the IMMEDIATE CONTINUED
Another favorable factor has been
d to direct inquiries in confidence to Mr. £ Schlichter. Mo increasing interest by the Export-
Piper brought out the four-place fixed- PRODUCTION of these pumps
ve and Aerospace Systems Department, Amherst Lahorata gear Cherokee and hvo-placc Colt in an by Aircraft Armoments, Inc.
Import Bank in aiding financing of
or call NEi-SilSfar infom airplanes abroad. cffnrt designed to i>ciictratc the low-
Recent shipment of
AH inquiries will be acknowledged prc 37 single-engine aircraft to Australia
Cessna, with a value of more than Business living operations last year
bv-
S500.000, is evidence of the importance
Pilots logged apptoximafflv 6.1 mil-
AE INDUSTRIAL DIVISION
of such support.
AIRCRAFT ARMAMENTS, INC.
SyLVANtA neClRONtC sySTEUS
.^SYLVANIA
VIA
esreus
Wa W
_
'^^JMHERS T
'Ibis
largest single
is believed to have been the
shipment of business air-
lion
those
hours in 1960-morc than twice
flown annuallv bv the nation's Post Office Box 6853, Baltimore 4, Maiyfand
rot 6ENFRAI
TELEPHONE* ELECTRONICS W j
craft to that countn'.
scheduled domestic airlines, the I'ed-
eral .Aviation .Agency estimates. Only
CLEVtUNO OISTSICT : A. E. Company, 1157 LiaiHr Bids., Cleveland 14, OHo

M ^Mabo
ABORATOR/ES and
Increased distributor and dealer sales
service
fact that
facturers
facilities abroad and the
U. S. business aircraft manu-
have been providing their ex-
a decade ago. business living hours
totaled 2,950.000 anmwlly.

AVIATION WEEK, Morch 13, 1961

263
Shrinking the Universe ... through Communications
 • BUSINESS FLYING

Europe to Compete for Lightplane Sales

C-i'iu \:i— l‘.itt(i|x;m ligiitplanc maniifactuicrs arc placing increasing cm- \ relaxation of aircraft import re-

|>liasis u|MHi tile potential of export sales witiiin the U-S. and other market strictions 18 months ago resulted in
boosting the sale of American light air-
areas that liave been almost exchisiielv ,\inericaii over the past few decades.
craft in the United Kingdom. During
•Uthongh relatisclv small and encumbered bi' the fact that business flying di.it period. 1 50-cbicflv Cessna and
in Fiirope has been retarded bv a iniinbct of obstacles, the indiistn' is growing Piper airplanes—were imported, repre-
and bro.ideiiiiig its scope of actiiities, Comjxanies in France. Great Britain, senting a value of approximately S2.8
'\'est Gerniiiny. Israel, Italy and SwitzA'rland are making—or will soon make-
.\s in die U. S.. there is a decided
determined bids to capture their share of the export market with models
shift inpreference in Europe to liighcr
ranging up to and iiichuliiig multi-passenger jet executive trans|>ort designs. powered, twin-engine business aircraft
iTotii the c'iht. Czcclvislmakia is factiirets arc mosing to produce some with longer range and higher ceiling.
'. eking it' 'h.ire of ihe Western export of die popular foreign tspes under
iiwrket n'itli ;i mnniicr uf ligiitplanc license in tlieir respective countrics- Jet Trend
designs. • Shorter distances in Europe th;in in .\nother marked trend in European
the U. S- 111 iking sutfacc transporta-
, light aircraft designis the elei'clopment
Growth Barriers
tinn highly competitive. ol jct-poivcred executive hpes. Recent
For die moment. Hritain appears to offer purticulatly aimed specincalli' at the
NOW UNDER ONE ROOF AT LOCKHEED
j
BURBANK •ire still

designs,
F.iirnpeaii Inncrs
giving preference In -Lineric.in
and the txirricrs to business
good
Inisiness
prospects of expansion in the
flying field in Europe during
dei'clopniciits
U. S. market indiidc:
• Tivin-engitie, eight-seat exccirtivc jet,

filing within Fnropt itself arc still the nest decade, pirticularly if projects the S.\.\C 23. to be produced jointly by
Lockheed California Division has expanded its already great Openings are available to: Aerodynamics engineers; thermo- gre.it- "nicy iiicludc: Snell a.s the F.iiropean Common Market Swiss .Aiiation Corp.. Delaiiarc. and a
• Com|>amtivch few landing strips for dcni.ind closer eont-act svitli inrious snhsidiari', ITugz.cugcntwicklung A. G.
resources at Burbank. For it now encompasses, under one dynamics engineers; dynamicists; electronic research engi-
snnill aircr.ift- litanclies of industry located on the of St. Gallen. Switzerland. Both of
roof, the two vast worlds of Spacecraft and Aircraft, neers; servosystem engineers; electronic systems engineers;
• I,ack of navigational aids. Continent. these iieivly formed finns are headed by
This typifies Lockheed policy to steadriy advance the state of biophysicists; infrared physicists: hydrodynamicists; ocean • High landing fees. For aircr.ift in the •\t the moment. 90-100 British com- the .American industrialist, William P.
the art through basic research in related and scientific fields. systems scientists; physio-psychological research specialists; .S,S[)0-lb. catcgcirv, example, the
for pinics operate tlieir own craft from Lear. Sr. Engineering work on this
Result? Now— more than ever— Lockheed offers Scientists mammalian culture research specialists; and radiation dnirgc is around SS. with lights S12. just about as many airfields .nailable design is to be carried nut by the Sn iss
• Isx|x;iisive aviation fncls-priniarily for pris'jtc flving. Ijtcst British .\ir company. Swiss .American -Aiiation
and Engineers uncommon opportunities; equips them with hazards specialists.
every modern gives them freedom to explore and ex-
hee.msc of high taxes. A typical ex- Registration Buard figna-s .show that, Corp, is to be responsible for installa-
facility; Write today to Mr. E, W, Des Lauriers, Manager Professional ample is where total cost per
in France, compared with 560 .small aircraft fly- tion of the poiiciplant, probably hio
press new ideas; makes possible greater Individual recognition. Placement Staff, Dept. 1103, 2406 N, Hollywood Way, Burbank, gallon is about 70 cents more than in ing in the U. K. in 1959. there ivcrc General Electric CJ610 jet engines, and
Now being designed and developed in Spacecraft and Air- California. the U. S. 512 in I960. Of these. 5-15 were reg- for final assembly. Production is sclicd-
craft are; Hypersonic interceptors; V/STOL; supersonic inter- • Import diih on foreign aircraft that belonging to flying chils and
istered as nled to Ixigin early in 1965 at a pre-
owners. M.iny of die latter dicted rate of about 100 units yc.irly.

LOCKHEED
ceptors; llmocopters; missiles; manned spacecraft; and increases the initial cost considerably priiatc
-I7{% in the United Kingdom, for group use them for business purposes The .standard model SAAC 23 is cx-
satellites.
cx;ini|)lc. It is one of the major reasons as M'cll as for week-end fil ing. The te- ]X’ctcd to cost S250.000.
Scientists and Engineers of outstanding talent are now
.1 growing number of European maiiu- maining 169 were in use for training. • BIOIC, a twin-engine, seven-place
mvited to participate in this new, dual enterprise. Immediate CALIFORNIA DIVISION
AVIATION WEEk, 3, 1941 245
 • BUSINESS FLYING
jet, is ciitrentiv being built bv Israel postwar beginnings to one of the most

SPECIFIC OPENINGS AT •\irciaft Inelu.stVics of Tcl .\\i\'. Co.st versatile in the German aviation indus-
of the standard model (|mitcd as
RCA WEST COAST ARE: aiouiid S500.000. initial
is

dclncrics to Ils products include powered sail-

SENIOR COMPUTER SYSTEMS begin in 1962, The BIOIC ;ilso prob- planes, helicopters, helicopter trainers,
.iblv will be powered b\' General I’llee- siiiiulafors, rocket motors, guided mis-
tric CI610 engines. siles and sport and touring aircraft. It
Hanal'concvpts, pattern rec-o'itnllion
• Piaggio design ieitli Douglas .lirciaft ii building the Klemm Kl-l(rC two-
and machine learning. Will be n
Co. teelmical support and sO'' Italian seat monoplane
under license at its
Devdopnu'nttom working ™ RCA goicrnment finaneing. The airer.ift Naliern/Tcck works and last vewr sold
will reportedly be its the 12,000-ib. a total of 50 of this tv-pe on the home
gross ucight class, incorporate a gull m.irkef. to Switzerland, Sweden. Pakis-
SENIOR COMPUTER ENGINEERS veing and be powered b\ Canadian tan and Iran.
To lead applied rcwarch simlies on Pratt & W’hitncy P'1'6 engines. Piaggio Production rate is between five and
kiloniugacycle computer circuits.
.ilsn is considering a straight-«-ing. eight units a month, according to de-
Will work with adviinccd R & D
’>.000-lh.-t!irnst Pratt &• Whitney
)'l'l2-powered version.
DIGITAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERS • Mmst llciiikcl Flugzeii gbau German Lightplane
For design and application of dig!- G.iii.b.H.. Speycr/Rhein, is dcselnp-
lal data processing e<|uipiticnl to
Based on the Klemm KI-107C. Bol-
ing with Pott'/. Air h’ouga of I'mnce a
kovv has developed its own four-scat,
foiir-sait, twin-jet tninsport designated
single-engine design. It is designated
CM 191. I'irst prototype is expected
Bolkovv h'-207. blit, apart from a sched-
to fiv in May. uled first prodviction series to start in
British light aircraft designers are
May at a rate of about 0 a month and

Money
1

following the general trend in tlic tsvin-

gradually to he stepped up to approxi-
piston engine field. One cxiimple is
mately 1 5 monthly, details of this new
the new light aircraft deselopment
fvpc are not vet available.
coiiip.mv, BI’l.AGLE, British Pseciitivc
.Another German lightplanc is the
SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION &• CcntTal -\ircraft, Ltd, T1iis firm re- Klster-B Magpie two-seat, single-engine
ENGINEERS |)ortcdlv has several cxcciitive-hpe air-
For application of oixralinn aaalysis
sport plane built by Alfons Putzer
cr.ift in sariOHS stages of consiniction.
num-
not a true measure
K. G.. FUigztiigbau at Bonn.
alone Is Advanced degree.
One of them, a twin-engine model, is
expected to make its first public appear-
ber of these arc in service with sport
groups of the German Luftwaffe.

of an engineer’s satisfaction
OPERATIONS ANALYSTS
For development of large scale
systems concepts. Familiarity with
ance at
Show in
this
September.
year’s Farnbnrongh ,\ir
Rhcin-Mugzevigbau G.m.b.H., Kic-
feld-Uerdingen,
RW.8.1
are producing the
tandem, two-scat multoplanc
logical and/or matliemnlical models BEAGLE Projects
svliich, by fitting vsing extensions to the
But you can't eat satisfaction ! Thai's why our pay scale matches anyone’s sary. Advanced degree in Mallie- .\nothcr design is a much improsed standard RW'.’a model approved for
prefened. Auster, the .Austcr-Bcaglc. It is be- aerobatics, can l>c converted into a
and. in many instances, is better. ni.atics
lieved to seat four and to be powered power-assisted glider with dual con-
However, an engineer’s inward fulfillment comes from a diflicult job bv a Continental engine which
single Irol.s.

Rolls-Ros'cc is producing under license. It is being used in Germanv for

well done, not just from counting the digits on his check. Satisfaction from For control c(|uipmenl. display
c<|uipment,and design of analog It is scheduled to be shomi at Haging- training, sport flying and touring and.
whipping a problem, finding the answer, making the answer work. Call ,\irport near Coventrv. Fngland. following its appearance at last year’s
and display circuits. toii
it what you will, pride, ego. or what have you. it remains ihe most necessary on April 28-^0 this vear. llamiver air show, aroused interest
SENIOR LOGIC DESIGN
ingredient a good engineer must possess. Our engineers have it and their Dotnicr-Werke G.m.b.Il. of Mun- among a number of prospective buyers

fine ereative performances show it.

ich, leading German light airer.ift

m.miifacturcr in sales volimic, ssas the Rlicin-Mugzeugbau also is developing

Because RCA West Coast continues its rapid expansion movement, firstCennan producer to introdirce a six-seat, twin-engine push plant, the
Are you one tommercialls a twin-engine model, the Rh’-l. vvhicli can be adapted Inr freighl-
we're looking for this kind of satisfied engineer right now,
six-seatDotnier Do.2S STOI. aircT.ift- c.irrving or ambulance duty by remov-
of these:

Advanced Systems Engineers. Development and Design Engi-

neers. and Project Engineers with experience in these areas; Elec-
RCA
WEST COAST
Based on its predecessor, the single-
engine Dornicr Do.27, the first Do.28
prototype was shown at the JOsO ilan-
mer air shoss'. I'caturing increased
ing its bvo rear benches.

Flight trials of the first prototype

arc scheduled to begin shortly (.\W'
Dec. 19. p. 111).
tronic Countermeasures, Data Processing and Computer Systems, power ,md n’ing area, the second proto- .\nslrian light aircraft production is
Call collect or write;
tvpe Do. 28 made flight in represented bv tsvo firms; Siminoring-
and Missile Ground Support Systems. Mr. T. M. Ripley
its first

\larch. I960, and w.is demonstrated Gr.r/.-Paukct A.G. of Vienna, wlio

EMpire 4-6485
For more about us and your profitable future, follow the advice in the at Hanover in .April. introduced their twin-engine, font- to
8500 Balboa Blvd.
box at right. Dept. 561-C Dnmitr also plans a sales drive for fivc-st'.it M.222 F'lamingo aircraft at
Van Nuys, Calltornla Ixilh Ivpes, particularly the Do, 28, in the 1959 Paris air show, and Josef
the U.'S. after aTtifica'tion by the Fcd- Oberlcrchiicr — Holzindustric. Spittal-
eral .^viation .\gcncy. Drau, whose first prototype Job 5 two-
Do.2S’s export price of approxi- to three-seat single-engine monoplane
RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA matelv 547,000 is expected to he com- lx.'g.m final tvpe tests in January, 1960.
Ncitlier of these two aircraft has been
petilisc with similar U. S. models (AW'
WEST COAST MISSILE AND SURFACE RADAR DIVISION \’uv. 14, p. 185). sold in quantity thus far.
Bnlkow-l’hitwicklimgcn K. G. of I’hc same applies to Switzerland's
Mimicli is next on the list of leading latest lightplanc. the six-scat, single-
The name you know is the place to grow! German light aircraft mamifactiirers. engine multi-purpose Pilatiis Porter,
This companv has grown from modest built bv Pilatus F'lugzcugvsetkc .\-G.

AVIATION WEEK. Moich 13, 1961 267

264
 HOW RUGGED, SENSITIVE,
AND RELIABLE
IS A GIANNINI FORCE BALANCE
PRESSURE TRANSDUCER?
HERE’S

Are you keeping your space-technology

bookshelf timely with these guides?

Hv S. rwn. 800 I.B., 1« mu>.

psii
BUT, MONSIEUR BERTRAND, OUR COINS HMI MEMORIES!
You said, “A coin has neither a memory nor a conscience.” The reliability of our inertial CANADAIR CL-44D turboprop svin|luil transport »HI be the brst chi) glhcargu aiicrgft to enter coniineieial service.

guidance systems depends on their having both. Thus our reliability engineers must go beyond
your venerable formulae in developing dependable guidance packages for missiles like Titan.
and if you have a B5, MS
If the application of existing theory into usable reality challenges you, -•

or PhD EE, ME, Physics or Math, please contact Mr. F. A. Allen, Director of Scientific
in
and Professional Employment, 7929 S. Howell, Milwaukee 1, Wisconsin.

AC SPARK PLUG ^ THE ELECTRONICS DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS

Foreign
270 AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 271
 • BRITAIN

Britain Eyes Competitive Project Cuts

By Jolin T'nnstall the Vickers Varsitv. No order for
such a replacement is likclv until the
government sees a cisil aircraft emerge
London— Steps cimcnt and future civil aircraft
to eliminate duplication in
The JT8D-1 is the latest Pratt & Whitney proiL-cts appear to be under way by Britain's two airframe groups. Hawker
svith realistic cominercial
that are capable of ada|)tation.
prospects

Siddcles and Britisll Aircraft Corp. Tbe move is seen as an attempt to for .\vro appeared to
Possibilities
Aircraft commercial turbofan engine. Many of its combat strong U.S. competition and jointly, at least, to stay in the transport lie dcseloping an aircraft between
in

business in all niajoi categories. the feeder linerof 50,000 lb. gross

characteristics come from other proven Pratt c&. It could lead to a similar move between the two major engine companies,
sveight and the jet executive of about
20,000 lb. b\- the scaling the 771 down.
avoiding in tbc first case, conflict in the important middle engine categories
More likeh’ was the prospect that
THE POWER FOR Whitney Aircraft jet engines. around 7,000 lb. tlimst. State of tlie world engine market has already been Hawker Siddeley svonld farm out a
BOEINQ'S NEW called “a battle for survival" by Rolls-Royce. small turbof.in exccutise aircraft gross-

727 HAS A BLUE The JT8D-1 utilizes the same de- First cs idencc of tliis liaison hehveen ing 20,000 lb. which was well adsanced
airframe groups is likely to show in pro- aircraft embodying the same Bristol on the drawing boards at dc Ilavilland.
RIBBON ANCESTRY sign philosophy and basic tech- duction decisions affecting the Vickers Siddelcv BS 7? rear engine configura- An aft-fan conversion of the Viper
VC II, the de llaiilland 121 TTidcnt, tion. In the medium range cafegaty turbojet engine was being prepared by
the BAC 107 and the Avro 771. B.^C. impressed with the size of the Bristol Siddcics' for such an aircraft
nology of the jet engines which market, was developing the Vickers category and Bristol aims to have it in
Special Committee VC 11. thus extending the struck in service by 1965.

have more than 12 million hours 'Hie move appears to have been the long-range area into medium range
Top Priority Effort
initiated by Hawker Siddeley and to categories as well.
be tlic outcome of its recently formed In this field the 1711 121 and the Hawker Siddeley, anticipating tbe
of performance and reliability to Committee of .Advanced Study. The Boeing 727 were already coininittcd to Boeing 727 decision, mounted a top
object of this body was specifically to production. priority group effort on the Trident to
their credit Also from these proven engines, the eliminate competition not only be-
Goodwill Effort
advance the completion date. At least
tween tlic group’s own subsidiary com- four aircraft ate now belieied to be an

JT8D-1 inherits a sound, sophisticated jet design. panies but also between the two groups indications were that
continue with the Trident
Hawker would
and drop
advanced stage and the first flight may-
be as much as three months aliead of
themselves.
Need to avoid head-on conflict be- the A\to 770 and Vickers would the original Decemhet date.
And from the JT-3D turbofan, which powers the tu'cen the groups bad seemed to most abandon the VC 11 and expedite the De HasTlIaiid cinpliasized that it

observers one of the most essential B.\C 107 in the hope of exploiting flic liadno intention to duplicate the Boe-
fan versions of the Boeing and Douglas Jets, ohjectiscs of last year's regrouping op- goodwill of its several hundred Vis- ing 727 size, maintaining that the
count customers. medium range bracket is wide enough
accommodate two aircraft sizes-
comes the essential design for the fan structure Karlv this year such a head-on con-
flietin two aircraft categories became
Such a mo\e would certainly have
govemment blessing and would most
to
"We feci that tbc 140,000 lb. of the
imminent. In the sliort-raiige category. likeli' le.id to a substantial and im- Boeing 727 is perfectlv sensible for the
of the JT8D-1. B.\C wa.s des'cloping the B.\C IDT mediate inilit.iry order for the BAC HIT U.S. market, but that the Trident
feeder liner and the .\iro 771, both as a \'IP transport replacement for weight is closer to the requirements
Eastern Air Lines and United Air Lines have each
ordered this latest turbofan engine for their new
Boeing 727’s.Turning out 14,000 pounds of take-
off thrust, the JT8D-1 helps make it possible to
operate efficiently from runways that used to be
too short for modern jet travel. Now
additional cities coast-to-coast will be-

connected to the rest of the world by jet.

UNITED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Division
East Hartford, Connecticut

in 273
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961
• BRITAIN
i)f otliKr wiirld airlines which ha\c been could be arranged to co\er Iwtli air- In the Hawker Siddelcy group Aero,
good Rritisli customers in the past," cr.ift.Capacity, be said, could he dc ll.ivilland ,ind .6rmstrong Whit-
dc Havillaiid said. found quite easily by utilizing Bristol's worth were at peak posrivat euiploy-
.\n initial batch of sc\'eii Trident floor space.
•litCTaft h,id been aiithnri/cd and De ilaiilland has already been A reassessment of the Comet's pros-
certification was origmallv scheduled officially assured of gos'emment lielp in pects has also shown that future sales
for the winter of 196s. 'Ibe Trident the nianufartnre of the Trident. \o potential is better than was believed
IS 105.000-Ib. airplane de-
basiealh- a details ofsupport hast been dis-
this last tear. Dc Ilavilland expects to go
signed for l.non-mi. stage lengths but closed but the compam' reportedly on selling this transport for a further two
it has since been stressed to gross can miss proceed with the inainifac- ye-ats and gain 20 more orders. The
1 1 2,n00 lb. in order to cartv its same liirc of the aircraft off the shedf almost group is directing its sales effort at
20,000-lb. pavlo.id but with another up to its hreakesen mimber, taking the smaller operators in the Middle
1.200 gal. of fuel stowed into the into account the BK.\ order already on Mast, I'.ir Mast. Centr.il and South
wing center section. The stretched the hooks for 2i aircraft. .\meTica, who need a smaller aircraft.
sersion can thus operate up to niediiini .\rgosy ,nid Scasing production has
stages of l.sOO mi. Sales Disappoint pushed .\nnstrong Wliitwmtth’s labor
in spite of the collaboration ninse- In spite of a ne.ir peak export sales force to 11.000-a postwar peak. With
inent between the groups. Sir Ceurge figure of 5398 million and a labor force 36 militarv orders for the first Argosv
Kdwards. cxecutise- director-aircraft for only 97.' down from the 19sG peak 660 C Mark 1 and the first 10 civil AVRO 74S TRANSPORT
B.\C. still appciircd determined to. lesel, the industry was starkly .iw.tte aircraft allocated. .Armstrong has \ir-
t.ike the plunge witli the VC
11 if a tli.lt it .still had to break through with tnally reached the breakeven mmiber,
company has plans to modify the .\\\' e|uiremenl, A'ickers will make the \'is- submerging identities of the acquired
substantial order from cither of t«o all its major neoy civil .hreraft. Of the but the company is not overlooking the
671 airbus version of the .\rgosv to ac- ecHinls for stock at the rate of one a gioiips—Bristol, I’aitey, Saunders-Roe-
nitere-sted U. S. airlines for the airplane ss new aircraft orders last sear, 23 fact that it has still to break thrrmgb in
materialized soon cnmigli. nere Comets ,md 1 3 vvere k'iscimnis.
commodate more cats and fewer pas- niontli. 'Ibe Viscount assembly line, bas worked well.
the civil freight miirket for whidi the
Coinmeuting on the merger oper.i- Kiigine groim prospects were hound .krgusy w-as designed. '
wliich reached a peak production of 26 A Bristol transport helicopter con-
tion. Sir George said that B.\C had
.kvro is peak employment
wxirking .it aircraft a month, has now been al- figuration, the Belvedere, has become
closely to the British airframe situation 'I be first 10 civil airplanes winch
adopted a closely integrated strucliuc in spite of Bristol and Rolls sales to were autliorizcd without an order on
on the Vulcan bomber, the Blue Steel located to the- VC 10. \'ery shortly pro- a favored prospect displacing West-

compatible with each compim gising S'.\T< ). Japan, and to the first gciiera-
,iir launched missile and tlie .\vto 7-tS. vision will be made for the I’SR 2 pto- land’s own \Vestininistcr and thc
the books have now flown. Seven went
'Ilic Mark II N'^ulc.ui now in squadron duetiem line. Kaitey Rotodvnie. Ibe Westminister
birth to its own projects, fnlhmt'd be tum of .\merican jets. Both companies to Riddle Airlines in the U. S.
service as tlie spearhead of the Roval contract for a preproductiou batch has, in fact, been dropped entirely and
group augmentation, lie- thought this realized that sales vyoiild get uuicb Negotiatiuns were under wav with
,\ir b'orcc re-equipment program is in of this nuclear strike airnafl vviis the Rotodvne appears to have little
would give the best of both worlds. tougher, when U. S. and British manu- British Muropean .\irvvavs to purchase
The isolation inherent in creating an faetiirers were botli competing in 19(>3
full production. Blue SteeT. now in awarded October.
in priority. .Vllhoiigli proposals based on
the otlier three, and at that time also,
the middle of its trials program, is being V'ickers detennined to extend
is all three transport helicopters have been
.uhanced projects group, he feared, with the second generation of bvpass Hawker management was preparing to
produced in substantial quantities. production of the N'aiiguard into 1962. suhinitted to the government, the com-
could lead to an isors' tower et>iii|)t«. or tnrbofan engines. authorize production of a furtlier 10
It n-as known tliaf Vickers has been
Production requirements of the VC |)any is clearly pushing stub wing
I„ist veur's engine sales readied a civil Argosies without orders to prevent Costly Fire 10 mav then be allowed to enCToach on variants of the Belvedere. Ilowevct.
on the tlircshold of a critical produc- new pe.ik of 5200 milliim whidt was the materials pipeline from nmniiig
tion decision for some time imobnig I'light dcvclopnieiit program of the the \bngiiatd line, but Sir George Westland maintains that it is heyond
more than half the total export figure. out- On the milit.iry order. 10 fiaselagcs
Mdvvards said there was nothing to stop and technical cniwcitv to
tlie VC and the B.\C 107. Sir “-IS feeder liner was set liack four to it' financial
II Current sales totals indiide .\rnistrnng were already complete and production
George told .\\nno\ \\ i-.i:k that the six mouths by the extensive fire at B.-\C from setting up the jigs at Bristol launch into production a niediiiin-sizi'
Whitworth .Vgosy, 63; .Vrn T4.S.I1; is likely to rexicli four a month.
problem was not one of capacitv but rridenl. 2-1; Comet. 63; tler.lld,
.\v rev’s Manchester factorv when the if any interest in the aircraft survivexl, tr.ms|)ort lielicopter without sulistimtial
l')II .\mistroiig Wliitwoith had no new
finance, and be doubted svIietheT this roof collapsed on the second prototy]3c. "Olvviouslv vve would not do it for gov ernment support.
13; Vanguard, -13; \’C 10 faniils, -(.S, m.i|i)t civil projects ni hand but the
Certification is not expected until four or five aircraft." he said. He
Belvedere Concept
.\|)til. Maiden flight of the second iiinted that a long-planned militarv v er-
prototype is expe-cted tliis month. ,md sion ot the aircraft was not entirely The tandem-rotor Belvedere was
slin hr. of the first
flight testing in dead. originally developed with twin Leonidev
aircraft lias been mostly trouble free. I'hc Tvne compressor and turbine piston engines for the Roy-al N'avy- with
The actual production |)rngr.iin was disk problem jeopardized at least 20 the designation I'l. It was rc-engined
not interrupted and the first of six sales vvhicli were almost clinched prior with Gazelle turbines and stnicturally
lircraft now being equipped is e-xpected to the grounding. Sir George said. modified for the Roval .Air Morcc under
to fly in June. Hopes for the \'C 10 were pinned the- designation 192.

I’liere li.ne been 11 sale-s and an cm whidi are- not vet committed
airline-' 'Ibe order for the Nav y version which
order for 1(1 w.is awaiting r.ifific.ilion to big jets. vv-.is canceled ill favor of the Wessi-x
with .m undisclosed customer c.irlv tins was believed to have been for about
U'.ir. |..\. R. K.iy, iievs-ly .ippoinled
Negotiations Under Way 100 nircTaft.
v.iles director of Hawker Siddelev. s.iid -Negotiations were under wav between The current Rov.il .Air Morcc rcqiiirt-
he vv.is etinfidcnt of at least 46 civil the company and BO.AC to ah.indon iiie-nt, although substantial, is less than

s.ileswithin the next two ye.ir.s. notably the Super \'C 1(1 .iiid replace it with half that.
to operators in South .America, the .1 siii.iller aircraft wliiclv would luirm.illv Tlie AA'cstland 194 stub wing version
Caribbean area and .Africa. Projected li.ive emerged as a Mk.il version of the which has been subniitte-d to the Min-
versions of the 748 arc all h.ised on \'C 10- l-’uselage of tlie- ne-vv- airpl.mc istry is a 50-seat version, retaining the
the low wing configuration and inter- is the same as that of the VC 10 and tandem-rotor configuration, but having
est in the high wing militarv- projeet the new passenger capacity has been twin dc Havillaiid Gnome tnrboshaft
appears to have lapscd. achieved bv c.xtending the cabin 5 ft. engine's at either end. The wing span
Vickers found 1960 a disappoint- back bv relocating engine bearers and is 40 ft. and the wing provides pitch
ment not only for lack of new orders a 20-in. cnCTOacliment on the- front stabilization as vvcll as siilistantially un-
Init also be-caiise of metallurgical prob- cockpit- Ibe BO.AC order was likely loading the rotor during cruise. Ibe
lems witli cngine.v and airframes that to be revised in the light of the new fuselage is being lengthened to SO ft.
grounded the Vanguard cm the eve of specification to include fewer VC 10 and deepened to improve the seating
certification and at one time threatened and more of the liter airplane. arraiigenien ts.
to ground manv 700 scries A'iscoiints. Westland, now Britain's sole heli- AA'cstland is also pushing a 23 seat
WESTLAND model shows iiilerior ccmfi|iiratioii of iN shib wing Belvedere liaiisport helicopter. To meet a small but continuing re- copter builder, says that the policy of civil version of the Belvedere 192C as

AVIATION WEEK. 13, 1961

AVIATION WEEK, March 13, 1961
 • BRITAIN
PIONEERING IS OUR BUSINESS
NEWS about advanced
Bendix* research in space
environment systems

A CONTROLLED FLIGHT PLATFORM

IN YOUR LABORATORY ASSURES
SYSTEM ACCURACY AND STABILITY

an interim macliinc for BEA's Scilly said, on a tentative basis to provide six
Isle route and for repgtedl\' new re- aircraft for 1965 delivery. The New
quirement for a service between Gat- York Airways letter of intent for five WORLD'S
«iek and London. This r’crsion which
could be in sen’ice by 1961 has also
with an option on
licensing
5. and the U. S.
arrangement with
1

Kainan
LARGEST
Evaluation and testing of guidance been submitted to the Miiiistrv of Aircraft still stand.
systems, including thcii stabilization -Ariatinn Init again this is as far as
and control unit, can be performed
conveniently and easily under con-
tlie company intends
poTt from BEA.
to go without sup- V/STOL
The \iew
Efforts
is widely held in Britain
STOCK.
trolled, laboratory conditions. When Bclvtdctc production will continue that there arc enough runways in F.u-

used in conjunction with an analog at the Bristol disision but Saunders topc to make \'TOL and STOL aircraft

SECOND GENERATION: computet, the Model 140 Flight

Rix; P- 551 Scout production will be
transferred to Eaircy s factory at Hayes.
a piimly military requirement. Civil ap-

plication— ptobablv long-range freight-

STAINLESS
Mere a Bendix individual space en- Simulator subjects the angular-posi-
vironment system is also nearing tion and angular-motion-sensing in-
Skeetcr, Sycamore, and Widgeon pro- ers-is a loitg tenn possibilih- if proseii snii
duction has ceased. Wessex 1 produc- militarily. Emphasis is on STOL sub-
completion. It is self-powered and struments of the guidance unit to
controlled by man’s metabolic proc- tion—a Gazelle-engined Sikorsky S-58— sonic transports with the exception of
esses. Oxygen is sui>plicd by either
super-oxides or a zerO'“G” liquid gas
the same dynamic motions encoun-
teted in Bight of the actual missile
continues at Yeo'il
generally believed to
on what is
be the largest heli-
theP 1127.
Apart from the Short SC. I experi-
coiircw BOLTS
converter— both of which are now
being developed by Pioneer-CentraL
or high-performance aircraft.

type of simulation, using the actual

This aipter order Westland has rca'hcd. mental aircraft, design study nearest SCRE WS-Complete range of
A Mk. the W'essex is being
11 version of to development is an Argosy conver- machlneand self tapping with slotted
control components under identical developed the RAF, powered by
for sion. The Argosv project employs a or Phillips recessed heads, both mag-
Bight conditions, assures accuracy netic and non-magnetic.
tsvo Gnomes instead of a single Gazelle. cluster of 15-20 Rolls-Royce 108 turbo-
CIACUMLUNAR and stability of the control system in lAill production is also being main- jets. depending ptobablv on the version NUTS- Cap. Hex, Castle. Slotted,
flight performance. tained on the U'hirlwind and on the of engine assailable. 'Tlic lift engines Square, Wing, etc.
conversion of existing airframes to the will be located in the outer engine PINS-dowel, wash-
The Model 140 Simulator con- taper, etc. Plus

sists of three hydnuilically-drivcn

Gnome turbine. nacelles, and Tyne turboprops in the ers, rivets, threaded rod, studs, nails,
inboard nacelles would replace the four many more.
gimbals that translate computet or
THIRD GENERATION: Sales Campaign Darh currently used. 'SPECI ALS''-fabricated to your
other signal-source voltages into
Involved here is the use of algae for VS'cstland has always insisted that Both Rolls and Bristol lift-engine specs on extremely short notice.
roll, pitch, and yaw positions, veloc-
atmosphere control in a closed ecology I'aiter overpublicized the readiness of developments probably have tlirust-to
system. Algae can maintain a com-
patible atmosphere for long periods,
ities, and accelerations by means of
the Rotodsme concept in its sales cam- weight ratios of 14:1 to 16:1, clearly WRITE • WIRE PHONE
a position-feedback servo system. paign. In spite of now har ing accepted indicating thrust augmentation by some
can bo applied to orbital and lunar One of the most important features
FOR QUOTATION OR SHIPMENT
responsibility for the goremment's S12 form of fan configurafion. Also in-
ASK FOR CATALOG
of the Model I40 Flight Simulator million grant to continue its develop- dicated is use of plastic reinforced inlet
man's body necessities. Our systcra- is the extremely high ratio of maxi- ment, the company shows little en- and first stage compressor blading and
now in the development stage-will con- mura-to-minimum, smooth, con- thusiasm for the project, at least as a parts of the casing.
vert the respiratory waste products into trolled rates. commercial senturc, on both noise and Bast'd on the availability of large
reusable breathing oxygen. control grounds, and it docs not pro- turbofans, the P 1127 illustrates a Screw Products Company, Inc.
pose to produce the Rotodvnc unless a second British approach, considered by
substantial militarv contract for the Hawker to be best for aircraft where
QUALIFIED ENGINEERS ARE INVITED TO INVESTIGATE THE MANY OPPORTUNITIES AT: CALIFORNIA aircraft is assured. CTuiso thrust exceeds the weight. De- 821 Stewart Avenue, Garden City. L.I., N.Y.
TECHNICAL Westland has sirbmittcd a tender to flection of the fan and jet cBluscs
Phone: Pioneer 1-1200 TWX 6CY 603
Pioneer-Central Division ITJ INDUSTRIES through lightweight plastic deflector Midwest OivUion
KIOCOSY GtOVE HOAD the Minister of .Aviation for 12 Roto-
6424 tv. Selmont Avenue, Chicago 34, Illinois
dynes for Transport Command, pmm- nozzles as on the BS 55. gives the air- Phone: AVenue 2-3232 TWX CG 3U5
ising full militarv certification for serv- craft VT'OL, capability without the West Coast Division -Ofllce and Warehouse
ice in 196-1. Discussions with BE,\ parasitic weight penalty of separate lift 5822 Wes! Weshinglon Blvd., Culver City, Calif.
nere also proeex'ding. the company engines and enabling the sole power Phone: WEbster 3-959S TWX LA 1472
CInl* Number 277 on Deoaer-Servic* Cord
27S
AVIATION WEEK. 13, 1941 277
 • BRITAIN
plant to cruise at its optimum design priority to the BS 75 tiirbofau which
point.
'I'hc P 1127 first made an untcthcrcd
must meet the projected 1963 service
date of the B.\C H)7, Most intctesl-
KOHLER
hi>\ct
make
in
its
Dcccmbct, and was due to
maiden cont'cntional flight
ing features of the engine arc its high
bvpass ratio or fan ratio; the fact that PRECISION
SELECTOK
this
follow.
montli witli
The P 1127
sonic and will have
transistiuii
airframe is sub-
disadvantagethe
soon to it achieves an optimum bvpass con-
figuration with sealed rotor components
from proven engines, and that it has
CONTROLS
of cruising fairly heavily throttled- But the lowest projected cmisc specific fuel

SWITCHES Bristol says tlit BS 53 witli after-

burner nc'cds only blade and disk metal
consumption of lUiv such engine— 0.76
Ib./hr./ib.
for changes to gi\c the engine supersonic Bristol Siddeley says that intensive
capability. single horirontal engine development of the Olyniipus engine
f Resistance Thermometers lias maintenance ad«ntagcs. says Bris- for the rSR 2 is proceeding. 'l"his en-
^ Thermocouple Thermometers tol, Capability to \-cctor its vertical gine is believed to be a close derivative
lift gises the aircraft better S'l'OL tliermodynmnieally and niechanicallv of
characteristics when operating witli an the current production engine, the
rrilE RMOCOUPLE SWITCHES
extra load. Olympus Mk. 21 300 series, which
went into production late last veat giv-
Space Program ing thrusts in excess of 20,000 lb.
1960 saw ,1 signific.iiit improvc- .Modifications arc not likclv to be more
nient in the space program diinatc in than those needed to give an engine
Brit.iiii as the emergence of commercial i.c. change of ma-
•supersonic capability,
prospects raised the emphasis from ju.st terial in the coinpressnt blading and New high pressure,
space research to the exploitation of disks to accommodate the higher com-
pression tcmpcrafnre.s and the as- in-line, relief valves
.space. encouraging to Geof-
ICspeeiallv
frey Pardoc, who heads
the Blue Streak sociated higher tenipcr.itures of the air
available for disk cooling.
with low hysteresis
team, n-as the healing of the breach
Engineered to give years of ser- between two opposed groups of scien- Much of the development effort on
the rSR 2 engine at Bristol and the MATERIAL-Aluminum, Steel,
tists who viewed cliffcrentlv the merits
Slainlest Steel
permanent installations, LEWIS of a British launching vehicle and cet- National Gas Turbine Kstablishinent
switches have heavy, low-resist-
tain aspects of space research itself. is believed to involve variable intake CONNECTIONS— All Types
ance contacts: positive detent and variable noxzle configurations. WORKING PRESSURE— 1SOO
action and sturdy terminals for
Some influential sources still remain to
critical of tlic goseniment's tactics in special feature of the engine, due to 3000 PSI
easy wiring.
last year's campaign to solicit Common- the unusual flight envelope, will be an PROOF PRESSURE— 2250 lo
The cases are splash proof and advanced automatic fuel and propulsion 4500 PSI
wealth and liuropcan cooperation.
dust tight, of close fitting bakelite,
control system,
Husky black-finished aluminum Britain might have been mote success- BURST PRESSURE— 3750 lo
indexmg knobs are used to turn ful had she first made the decision to With propulsion installation,
this 7500 PSI
continue Blue Streak, they believe. Bristol believes
it Ivas the thrust rc- OPENING PRESSURE— 0 lo 3250 PSI
the stainless steel shaft supporting
the rotating brushes. weakness of the proposal also qiiirenient and engine control sophisti-
RESEAT PRESSURE— 10% Below
ap|)cars to have been lack ot a ccntr.il cation needed for the British super- Opening Prsxure
authority empowered to take an ovet- sonic airliner Mach 2 project.
RESISTANCE BULB SWITCHES LEAKAGE— Ool Reteol PressuK
[ •ill point of view on space exploitation
Swallow Project
A companion line of the same con- and decide on scientific and industrial
struction except that they arc fit- tmph.isis and ptioritics. "A general The Swallow project was proceeding,
ted with a common-terminal ring appraisal of the over-all space situation hut any adoption of the Bames-\\'allis Ullra-sonie cleaning facilities.
for threo-wire bulb connections. has not been properly ot intelli-
-Still variable wing geometry concept for Kohler valves and other precision
gently made inPatdoe said-
Britain." cither a civil or military role will show parts are assembled, tested, and
THE 9S SERIES Particiilarly overdue, he thought, w-as some fairly radical departua-s. The packaged in dust controlled areas
THE SPACE SAVERS a statement from the British Post Office project now being developed mav no minimum
for contamination.
authorities who are investigating space longer have ball-jointed engines at the
communications. wing tips.
Complete facililies in one plant,
ITicse would be mounted on the rear
Improbable Development under unified supervision, insure
fuselage, and other methods of control-
I'ollowiiig .innouncemcnt in the
reliable quality control and
line the aircraft established.
House of Commons that the feasibilitv Last year saw the birth of a ground
prompt deliveries. Kohler valves,
of using a l''rcnch vehicle for the effect machine industry in Britain in fittings and parts are used by
second stage instead of Black Knight the formation of a light-aircraft group leading manufacturers for indus-
had been established, reports suggested under Peter Masefield and named the trial equipment, automotive, air-
that tliis vehicle would be a derivative British Kxeciitive and General .\viation craft and missile applications.
of the \'eroniquc. British experts re- Group, (Beajle). Write for catalog.
gard tliis development as improbable Saimdets-Roe is curtentlv building
since the \'eronique, despite a superior an operational development of the Kohler Co. EsIablUhrd lUTS
propulsion system, would require too Kohler, Wis.
original Cockerell experimental S>R\ 1,
much development to bring it to coin- weighing 28 tons and considered bv
(xiralile Black Knight performance. Cockerell to be about tire mininmm
Britisli engineers believe the I'reiich size. The SRN 2 will carrv ”0 p.i.s-
government lias other rocket develop- vengers and eriiisc at 70 W. It's de-
menis closer to Black Knight perform- signed for the sca/ferry role and is
powered by four i3lackburn Nimbus
Bristol Siddelcv recentlv gave top liitboprops with reverse pitch braking.

279
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 194!
 • FRANCE • FRANCE
gathering a variety of data on the iono- ending in January, 196s, In this period Tliesc critics, many of whom none-
sphere. I'tanee expects to spend 56.2 IsilUon on theless favor tlie coiiltoveisial concept
French ate keenly interested in ex- various militan.’ projects. Included is of an independent F'rench iinele-ar de-
panding tlieir n.itioiial effort by coopera- 51.1 billion to help finance the sitike terrent, would like to see tlie govetn-
tive space projects with ntliei n.itions. meiit byp.iss the first stage and move
They arc negotiating with the U. S. on a This force breaks down into: directly to tlie second.
sp.ice venture siniilar to those Washing- • 40 Dassault Mirage IV hviii-jet Second stage is e-xpected to conic into
toii plans vvitli Great Britain ,ind C.in- hoinhCT.v to be operational bv 1965— being between 1968-70. I'hen F'ranee
,ula. Ihie proposal calls for a Chance S20D million. would replace its aircraft .strike force
\'’miglif-N.\.S,\ Samt missile to boost a • Research and development of nuclear vvitlilaclieal and strategic Ixillistie mis-
French instrument pavload into orbit vveapom, including S51) million to be siles equipped with nuclear warheads
next vear. Final agreement may be spent on an isotope sepatation plant— using uranium produced
tiirielicd by
signed this month, 5S00 million. the isotope separation pliint provided
.Vlso of interest to F'rance is vvotk • licvclopiiient and |)icprodiiction of for under the fivc-vear program. This
with N.\S.\ on a satellite communica- ground-to-ground strategic and tactical plant is to be in operation by 1966.
tionsnetwork between tlic U.S. and inissiles-Sl 50 million. Tactical
ixillistic
Objeetive Maintained
Western F'.nrope. -\t same time the missile develo|)ment will take $20-550
French are playing major roles in million of tlic total. Work on this stage is being carried
various Flnroptan coo|>erative space F’rance’s atomic strike force would out by a ainsortium of F'rench airframe,
schemes, not yet settled. come into being in two stages- engine and cliemiail companies. Set
One would use Britain’s Blue Streak F'lrst would be reached by 1965 when up in 1959, this group, allied SFIRF'B,
w-ith FVanee's \'ctuniquc as a Fluropean the 50 Mirage l\' bombers would be leportedly has mamlainexl its initial
space booster. o|jeratir)n,il. I’hc two-place delta-wing objective of developing a solid pto|x'l-
bomber is |)ovvered bv two Sneeina .Atar lant IRB.M missile with a 1.500-2.500
Space Cooperation 9 afterburning turbojets vvhicli develop mi. range. Originallv. SF'.REB’s missile
Oe'pite their ambitions, the F'rench 15,228 lb. thrust e-.ich. BoinlxT re- was to be ready by' 1965. Observers
may have to decide between these vari- portedly is capable of carry ing its atomic t'ldsc to the project tliink 1970 is a more

ous international projects, r.itlicr than load 1,500-2.200 mi. at speeds ap- likelv operational dale.

DASSAULT MIRAGE IV BOMBER spand flidr space effort too thin. In proaching Mach 2.2. It is understood SF.REB'5 mission has been compli-
this case, it's likelv tlic French will the Mirage I\' will carry a glidet-type cated bv a ban placed bv Washington
choose space cooperation with N,\SA, atomic Ixinib vvliieli will have a glide in the fall of 1959 ag-iimt U. S. com-

French Score in Drive to Widen Market providing aid offered is wrapped in

attractive terms.
range of 220 mi., thus easing the
bomber’s range difficulties. In its pres-
panies working with SEREB on a bi-
lateral basis. Wasliington, considering
Obv iouslv F'rench space effort will be ent 50,000 lb. version, it is imlikely a plan to encourage a N.A'CO-vvide
By Robert Fancll on new projects. French initiative in
affected bv the giivcrnnient's plan to the Mirage I\' could he equipped with !RBM project, wanted to discourage .in
has led to acceptance
this field already
French aircraft industry's determined effort to free itself from its tradi- develop an independent nuclear strike air-snrfaee missiles of the Skybolt type. iiule|)eiideut I'raicli program.
of French designs in two mujor west
tional dependence on French buyers—niilitarr and civil— is yielding inipres- force based iniliallv on aircraft and later .A single Mirage l\' prototype has
European projects:
been flying since inid-1959 and three
Weapon Development
on lallistic missiles. I'his ambition,
• Brcgiict's .\tlantic hvin-tiirboprop
highlv controversial in I'rance, repre- preproducliim models arc being built, Since the ban, tlie I’reiieh govern-
A breakdown of the industry’s 1960 sales figures of S440 niilliou— up 560 .\S\'’ project for N.\TO, which in-
sents the only major area in vvhicli in- initial deliveries of file 50 production ment, bv exploding three nuclear de-
million from previous year- shows that 42% represented export sales, In volves the U. S. and four Eurtipean
dustry can Ik described as operating models to lie ordered are scheduled to vices,has made it fairly dear that it
1959. export sales accounted for only 21% of total industry business. This • Nord's tvvin-tiirboprop cargo aircraft,
begin in 1965. Some of these aircraft plans to maintain its program wlicther
year export business may go over the 50% mark. F'rench patliamenlatv approval of the ptobablv will be delivered as aerial tank- vA'ashington lends a hand or not.
the C-160 Transall. being built jointly
atomic strike force was voted only be- ers. to use tlic buddy system of in- F'rench are hoping the new .Administra-
bud steady export success
A\'iatioii's bv France and West Germanv.
cause a majority of deputies-vvhich op- flight tcfiieling. tion reconsiders U, S. refusal to help
with its Caravelle transport
twill-jet France, having quietlv dropped its
poses the concept— didn’t want to create Critics argue that a fleet of 50 air- SF'.REB,
ain't take all the credit. Caravclle sales the small builder's main concern. Now XTOL work centered on Sneema's Flv- New agreements between F'reiich
made up 40% of the industrv's 1960 companies are designing light air- political difficulties for the de Gaulle craft vvouidn'l have a chance of piercing
sei'cral iiig .^tar Colcopter design, now is work- companies may be rcdudiig
export business. Balance was a I’arietv be sold and scn iced an regime during the .Algerian crisis. Once Soviet air defenses in 1965, Moreover, and U. S.
craft to in ing with a West German group on a
problem is resolved, as it public testimony by government offi- the ban's effect. Tlius SEPR. French
of I 'rcnch airframes, engines and equip- intemation.lI market. higli-petformancc VTOL figlitcr.
this political
cials h.is revealed Ibat F'rance won't
ment along with Sud's brisk-selling Skhen Morane-Sauhiier last summer Wider cooperation with foreign
may be this year. parli:imcntary agita-
Aloiiette helicopter and Nord Aviation's tion against an atomic strike force may have an important stock of plutonmin- and font chemical conipiinics involved
launclicd a sales campaign for its all- groups is considered the only way
family of tactical and target missiles. create planning problems for industty- tvpc bombs before 1968, 'finis critics commercial agreements during the year
metal, three-scater sports plane, the French industry am participate in a agreements
MS SSO Rallyc, it did so on an interna- F'rance’s nuclear strike force part of is question the value of haviii| a Mirage in SFiREB work, signed
comprehensive space effort. Current
Mirage Successes tional scale. At year-end, Motanc, hav- tlie govermiient's five-year military plan liomixT forte ready by 19(o. vvitli North American's Rocketdyiie Di-
five-year, non-militarv' French .space pro-
Moreover, 1960 export figures don't ing booked 76 orders from 16 foreign gram is budgeted at onlv S26 million.
reflectyear-end success of ,\vions Das- countries along with 74 French orders,
DASSAULT MIRAGE IIIC
Newly formed F'rench Committee on
sault in selling its Mirage III delta-wing began planning to turn out >0 Raliyes Space Research, headed by Professor
iritcrceptor to the Australbn and Swiss f)cr month, a light plane production rate Ihcrre -\uger, has outlined a modest
ait forces. These sales, as well as export which lias never before been undertaken initial program to cost S8-4 million. Of
possibilities for the Mirage in India and this amount onlv 55. 5 million of credits
clsewhae, are helping to offset French Morane, significantly, has exported has been authorized.
disappointment over the Mirage’s lack more of its hvin-jet executive aircraft,
of acceptance by European NATO the MS 760 Paris, than it has sold to Space Probes
powers. French customers. Tliis experience ptol>- F'rench Space Cunimitlee's initial
Talks with French industry officials ably convinced Morane that its future program doesn’t include a .satellite. In-
dearly reflect an "export psvchology,” depends, as the future of the entire in- stead. the committee expects to laimcli
not just among the larger companies but dustry does, on its success in a world and 20 rocket probes thi.s vear, including five
throughout the industry. This attihide not just a French market. of France’s standard research rocket, the
has even affected industrv's approach to Another aspect of industrv's new ex- 21-ft. Veronique. Firings will be used
the lightpiane market. French small port attitude is its orientation toward co- in studies of propagition of clcctroinag-
aircraft building traditionally has been operation with non-French companies nefic waves at high altitudes and fut

280 AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961

An invitation to Engineers and Scientists

The serious minded scientist and engineer who is considering a career change is

frequently at a disadvantage because he does not know precisely what positions

are available to him- Nor, until now, has he usually been able to find out in a
professional, dignified, confidential way,

To meet this professional need the Aerospace Engineering Division of Hughes

AircraftCompany announces the inauguration of a new service for scientists and
engineers which notifies you whenever an opening occurs which we Iselieve may
be of interest to >-ou.

An Engineering and Seientife Register has been csialdishtd wherein you may record
your qualifications and interests, even though you are working and not actively
seeking a different position. Whenever new opportunities arise, this register is

systematically and thoroughly searched.

Hughes is constantly developing new frontiers in science that create needs for
specialized knowledge and talent. When the.se needs arise, we first search the SUD ALOUETTE Ml

records of present employees; but new developments frequently create a de- vision and 'vilh Thiiikol Cliciiiiciil craft's grass weight varies from 1S.620 STOF transport capable of fiving 950
mand for key additions to our scteniific and engineering staffs. Corp-, tlic latter dealing with sulid lb, for a high-.iltitude intcreept mis- mi. at 220 mph. with a 3.000-lb. pay-
iiieket work. sion to 22.1 50 lb. for a loiig-raiigc-600 load and expects to decide on an air-
Through Hughes’ Engineering and Scientific Register, we know aljout you, what you
During I960 tlie I'rcnch fired a four- mi.— strike mission. craft early tfiis year.
can do and what you would like to do. When a challenging opportunity develops stage rcseiireli rocket designed to yield I'rencli air force- considers the multi- Bidders on thi.s tcqiiirement arc Das-
that fils your particular qualifications and desires, we can get in touch with j-ou. data on liallistie mis.vilt re-entry, h'irst purpose c.ipability of the Mirage does sault, Bregiict ami Max Ilolstc. Das-
You do not make application for employment and no contact is made with and third stages wem made by SEPR. away with the need for liglitweiglit •saiilt is putting forth a mtulifiec! version
present or past emploj-crs. ^'ou merely permit us to advise you whenever an second stage In hrcncli Nav\ and final strike fighters like the Fiat C. 91 or of its dnimininaute, civil cotintcr|)art
stage by ONFR.-V, French cquii aleiit of several tvpes devclo|)ed by Fiench com- of its Spir.ilc developed for .Algerian
opening occurs which we believe may be of interest to you. At that time you can
\.\S-\- ONKR.\ conducted firing and panies. '!1ie Mirage force, it is heiieved. military needs, but iinordetcd. Max
decide whether you wish to accept our invitation to be considered as a candi- programing for Sud Aviation, wliidi will be retained within five French air Ilolste is offering a cargo version of its
date for the position. has major rcspiiitsihilitv ivithin SKIU'.B force rafliet tlian eoinmittcd to NATO Sopor Broussard which alre-ady is being
If you would like to l>e listed in our Engineering and Scientific Register, we cordially in the French IRHM progriiiii. FiitO|)ean air units, l'‘reneh NATO air produced for the civil market. Breguet
emimiitmeitts will eoiitmne to be met iippc.irs to come the closest to the air
invite you to fill out and mail the request below. Striking Force hv French units flving F-84s. RF-S-fs force S'I'OF requirement witli a modi-
Until this atomic strike force comes and h'-IOOs. tunK-d over to I' ranee as fied version of its hlmvn-wing 941.
into plat, hulk of Freneli air force U. S. niilitarv aid. This aircraft, designated the 94s,

HUGHES power nill

diial-capaeitv
Ilie
be a-nterfd on Dassault’s
interceptor-attack
Mirage IIIC. (Fetter "C" desig-
fighter.
Transport Needs
rmiisport needs, now handlexl largely
would also use the hlown-vving priiiciph
and would be powered bv two 'Futho-
mcca Turmo HID free- tiirbine engines
nates the Mirage III production scr- bv Nurd's twin-engine Noratlas aircnift, operating four propellers, Brcguct says
AEROSPACE ENGINEERING GIVISIDN sinn.l Mirage IIIC deliveries to the will l>cmet vvlien production gets un- it could fly the airplane 21 months
air force began last fall and tieliverv der way im the Franto-Gemiaii C-160 after go-ahead.
r.ite is expected to hit nine per inontfi Traiisatl |)rojcct. .A Nurd design, tlic
Algerian Needs
this spring. Orders txiier 200 aircraft Tr.msall powered by two Rolls-Rovcc
is

and rfie gmemment's five-year military Tmic turhoprops and will miise at 275 .Air force missions, obviously, still are
program indicates this number niav be kt. with an eight-ton piyload. dominated hy tlic need to meet air de-

doubled. Initial prototvpe is being built by mands in .-Algeria, llnndrcds of jet-

Administrator, Engineering & Scientific Register
.New orders arc likelv to include the Nord and will be tested in France, Itaincd air force pilots arc tied down
Hughes Aircraft Company Mirage IlIB, a two-.seat trainer. pwo other prototvpes will be built in in .Algeria iiccumuhiting considerabU-
Culver City 17, California Mirage IIIC is powered by a single West Gcnnany. For the moment only fliglit hours on North .American T-6s

Sneema ,\hir turbojet developing, in tliese three prototvpes liavc Ijccn fi- and T-2Ss and lAonglas .-AD-4 Skyraidas
Please send the form (not an application form) on whicli to profile
ail improved version, just over H.OOO nanced. Initial C-lfiO flight is slated and A-26s. Solution of the .Algerian
my professional background, experience and interests for inclusion
lb. tiunsf with afterbuming. for the end of this year witli prodne- prolileiii— whicli lias tiinicd too many
in the Hughes’ Engineering and Scientific Register.
On interceptor missions the airplane tion-to -too aircraft-scheduled to begin offieers into politicians-vvoiild enable
is equipped also with a SF.PR S41 in late 1962 or early 1965. the air force to devote itself to more
Name rocket engine delivering an .idditional French air force is also seeking de- modem militarv eoncenis.
1. vOO lb. thrust, .\it-to-air missile, slung sign bids on a liglit cargo aircraft to fit Mi.ssilc capahilitv-, besides the now
Address oil the helly center-line, is either Matra niissimi requircnicnts thtimglinut the weli-knovvn M.itra and Nord air-to-air

sll, or derived versions, or Notd’s l-'rencli .African coiniiiimity. Five-v-car vve-j])ons. enntinne-x to center on Nike
City Slate iiiilitarv program h.is eiirmarkcd S56
AA-20.
Builder claims that five ground ertvv- million for this order for vvhicli the iiir meet N-ATO needs, l-'tcncli air force

nien wn convert the interceptor to the force liopes-probahly vainly-to get .SO will also operate Hawk anti-aircraft mis-

attack version within sO min. -Air- aircraft. I'he air force wants a light siles being built in western Fnropc by

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 283

• FRANCE • FRANCE
five NATO European members. French in service. Navy has ordered 87 of lb.warhead in a 20-mi. range. Launch powered by two Rolls-Royce RB Hi- rather than Frcncli orders, despite tlio delivering 1.170 slip, on takeoff and
share in the production scheme involves the single Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop weight is 3.200 lb. and service a'iling ll.A turbojets and would li.ive hauled fact tliat the Cuiiiiiuinaute iirigiiialK- 1.040 slip, maximum continuous. .Air-
three biittalions. and 60 had been deliserc^
aircraft is70.000 ft. Missile uses solid propel-
95 passengers instead of -S5. Maxiiiuim w-.is developed for senice- in tlit I'Tench craft uses vectored slipstream principle-
French Navy is well advanced in de- I960 year-end. Deliveries arc being lants. Neither missile is operational.
weight would have- jmii|)e'd to 104.00U to operate out of airstrips 600-1,200 ft,
veloping a light carrier force capable made by Brcgiiet at the rate of four Sud Aviation, France's largest air- Ib. from the- present 9U,l)fl0, l-re-neli imiusliy has four major light long, C.ross weight is 20 tons and p.iv-
of launching strike attacks and ASW monflily. frame company, continues to provide llereil savs Car.ivellt XIV project civil transport projeets in the works in load 6 tons. Pressurized version, Tviit-
missions. This force will be based on ‘lliese two aircraft-thc Etendard the industry with over onc-tliird of its was droppexl siiiiplv because- there was addition to the Coinmunaule. llie-sc 942. carries 50 p.isseiigeis.
the 22.000-ton sister carriers, Clemen- IV.\1 strike fighter and the Alizc ASV\’ activity via subcontract work on the little airline- inte-rest in the aircraft, ile- • Potcz-Air-l-'oogB P.840 fccdcrliner. a
ccau and Foch. Clcmenceau, already aircraft— will fonii the bulk of the Cleni- Caravellc jet transport. Slid is indus- coiisiders this lack of iriteie-st ns evi- • Max Ilolstc's tvvin-tiirhoprop Mil private veiiliire-. .-Vreraft is powered by-
carrying out sea trials and handling air- enccau and l’'och air units. Each car- try's biggest single exporter, not onlv
dence that the Caravellc, as cunentiv 260 Super Broussard. he 20-23 pas- four
it I Turbomec.i .Vstazou
turboprops,
craft, is to enter operational status late rier will base complement of 60 air- with its Caravclle but also with its senger DC-5 repUice-ment is powerexl will carry a 3.500-ib. pavload 625 mi. at
this year or early 1962, Koch in 196d. craft. Alouette lielicopter. Latter has been than am version designed to make it by two prototypes arc
B.isC.ins. I'vvo 500 mpli. cruise- speed. Initial flight
Nas'v's strike power is based on Das- For its shore-based ,AS\A' missions. sold in 22 different countries, witli or- e-oinpete more direeflv with the Boeing in the te-sting stage and I-reneli govern- i.s sclie-duled for early this year. 1-'.A.\
sault's Ftendarrl IVM 6ghtcr. Etcn- Nasv plans to operate Breguet's 1 1 50 ders nearing the 800 mark. Onlv 350 727. ment has agreed to finance a third- ce-rtific.ition was requested in Septem-
dard is powered bv a single Snecnia Atlantic, powered by two Rolls-Royce Alouette lls, now being turned out at MU 262— which
the- will liave u citeolar, her. Second prototvpe is now being
.^tar 8 developing 9.700 lb. thrust. Tnic turboprops. Early last scar this the monthly rate of 16. represent Carovelle and 727
jiressurized fuselage. built to iiccclerate testing program.
Nasy has ordered 100 Etendards with Breguct design was chosen by the U. S. i'rcnch miiitaiy orders. llereil hiiiiself considers that his Car- under an agtecmeiu with • SIP.A 272 Prese-nex-.
Ilolste, Another private
deli\’crics to begin next fall. A half and four NATO
natinn.s under a joint Sud, in fact, recently decided to avelle is ccniplement to the 727. not
a Nord Aviation, li.is moved into the- venture, the 272 is a small, tw-iii-boom
dozen preproduction models now arc financing scheme. First two prototypes launch production of its Aloiiettc 111. a competitor. I’d him it makes sense prodiiction plimnmg stage on Super- cargo
the- pt.ine- with gross weight of 9,000
firing in an accelerated test program- are under construction and its initial a 7-seat, larger version iif the Mark II that United's fleet Contains hoth Ihe- Broussard. l-'irst ptuduclirm model l h. Powered bv two riirbome-ca Ast.i-
initial carrier qualification tests were flight is expected to take plaa' late this model, without waiting for French mili- Camvelle and the 727. Latter's gross will flv at the end of this ye-ar. Seven- zou 500-Iip. turboiirops. Presence will
successfully completed last September year. Navy, for ib share in the pro- tary to place an order. Initial orders weight of 142.000 Ib. makes it differ- .i te-e-ii aircraft will be produced in 19(>2 li. iul 16 eeraioiin-class passetigets. Proj-
aboard the Clcmenceau. gram. lias proiidcd money for an in- for the Mark III already have liccn re- e-nt .lircTiift than the Caravellc, vvhicli and a niimthly pniduetioii rate of font ect -and de-sign work have been com-
lOying at just os'cr Macli 1. Etendard itial liatch of 27 aircraft. ceived from Bumia and Sweden. Tbis grosse-s 90.000 lb. will be re-.ielied e-arlv- in 1965. Note! pleted and a iiiockup now is being bvnlt.
has a strike range of dOO naut. mi. Atlantic is a midwing aircraft with move is another example of industiv's niotigh Sud and Douglas have aban- will liandle about 80% of the pro- interesting aspect of these live
.An
Normal gross weight is 18.000 lb. and a wingspan of 124 ft. and gross weight increased independence from French doned the Caravellc XIV. they never- duction. projeets is the use of i urbomeca turbo-
of 86.000 lb. Cruising speed is 375 miiitaiy budgets. theless are- offering the- Caravclle in the Ilolste has letters of iiitciil from jirops. either the 1.000-hp. Bastan or
22!w'lb. Of'^the loVon ordk 15 inpli. .Atlantic will be capable of 10-12 Siid's othermain helicopter activity U. S. vvitli povv-eqilaiits other than various airlines for 80 aircraft. Possilile the 500-hp. .Astazou. Tiirboineci, a
will be fitted out for tactical-reconnais- hr. patrol missions. continues to center on its triple-turbine Rolls-Royte turhojets. Caravclle VII U. S. interest in tlie feexierliuer will pm.ite engine compam-, is doing a
sance missions. This version, desig- Navy's missile interest appears to be F’relon helicopter, still undergoing tests. fitted with two General Electric be handled bv- Cessna Aircraft, which
i.s brisk business witli its varied line of
nated Etendard IVP, has camera equip- centered on two weapons, both French Civil version of the Frelon, of which CJS05-25 afl-faii engines. G. K. pur- took a 49% interest in Ilolste stock helicopter and fixe-d-vviiig piiwerplants.
ment and a flight refueling probe in- designed. One is a glider-tj-pe for anti- two prototypes ate flying, can carry 28 cliave-d a Caravclle to earn- out its own SneeiiM. a big state-owned engiiie
stalled in nose. submarine warfare, the Mnlafon, Sec- passengers. niirty hours have been flight test program and initial Right of • Brcguct 941 S'l'OL transport. Proto- cumpanv. also is in better comlitioii
Nasy’s carrier-based .ASW aircraft ond is a Mach 2 anti-aircraft weapon, logged on the protori’pes and a maxi- Caravellc A'll took place late in Decem- ill May, is powered by four
type, to fly as a result of Mirage- III orders at liome-
is Breguet's three-place Aliae, already the Masurea. Latter can deliver a 220- mum speed of 131 kt. lias been reached. ber. Sud-Douglas also are pl.inuing tci "i'urbomeca Turmo IIID turbopiops and abiwid.
Cruising .speed has been estimated at offer two Pratt &
W'hitiiey J'fSD
124 kt. French navv is interested in tiirliofans under a designation of Cara-
the Frelon for AS\\' work. Power velle X.
plants ate three Tiirbomeca Turmo en- Caravellc orders are now rcaeliiiig the
gines rated at 785 ehp, 120 mark, with Sud's Isrcnkeven point
Sud's helicopter division is assem- rmighly 220 aira.ift. Ile-rtil considers
bling 252 Sikorsky S-5fis at the rate of this an easy objective to hit.
four per month. By 1960 year-end, 208 Looking to future Caravellc develnp-
had tieen turned over to French air iiients, Sud signed an important agtee-
force and navv, mainlv for missions in menl with Dassault under which both
Algeria, companies agmed to develop jointiv a
Sud’s biggest activity, of course, is siipetsoiiic inediHin-range airliner, the
Caravclle |)riiduction. Georges Ilctcil.
Super-Caravclk- Sud Dassault. The com-
Sud's energetic president, is hopefully panies siv the transport would fiv in
prc-dicting that 1961 "will he the Amer-
the- Mach. 2.2 region, have laiige of -,i

ican year" for his Caravellc.

2.500 1111. First prototvpe could be
Last year. Sud marked its first U. S- flviiig by 1964. according to llereil.
airlinc sale-20 Caravcllcs to United some doubt that this project
niere is
Air Lines, plus another 20 on option. will ever get off the ground, i-'or one
Caravclle No. 62. the first United Cara-
tiling, it as^umt^ considerable govern-
velle. flew early this vear. Ilcrcil ex- ment support. Before- agreeing to back
pects a break in the U. S. market once the project, the govcrnme-iit has asked
United begins its Caravclle operation a priv-.itc transport org.miziitioii. .Air
this summer. By next January. United Transport Institute (I'l'-A), to .stiicly
will be operating all of its 20 Caravcllcs fe-.isibilitv tif a medium-range- supersonic
in the U. S,
U. S. Caravellc sales are being han- .A second part of the Siid-Dassanll
dled hv- Douglas under the latter’s agrc'c- agreement concerns joint hacking of
ment witli Sud. Slid and Douglas have
alwndoned a modified version of tlic
Caravellc-dcsignatcd Caravellc XIV—
Diisvnilt's twin-turboprop Coinimi-
miute. which has attracted considerable Tl IN HEAVY
for the U. S. market.
This version, aimed at more direct
international
exists,
interest.
powered bv two Turboincca
Bastan tvirlmprops of 1. (1(1(1 ,vhp. encli.
One protiitvpc
RADAR SYSTEIVIS
competition with Boeing's three-engine
727. would have used a Douglas-de-
Maximum cruising spet-d is 535 mpli.
Gross weight is 15,50(1 lb.
Texas Instruments
signed wing permitting a cruising speed Production of the Conmiunaiite- very
of Mach .84. .Airaaft was to have been will depend on intematioiial
likelv

AVIATION WEEK, March 13, 19fil AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961

• ITALY • ITALY
grilled through Bell production, .Agusta
with a total of 50 of the aircraft to
Italy Benefits In F-104, G. 91 be financed by mutual aid funds from
i- deielopiiig a 40-50 passenger turbine

helicopter powered by l.OOO-lb.-tlirust

the United States.
de Ilavillaiid Gnome poweqjlants and
License Production Programs Fiat also has granted tlic U. S. gov-
ernment production rights for the G.91
designated the 204B. Fifteen of these
haie been ordered by the Italian gos’-
and hopes that orders mav be forth-
Geneva— Major segments of Ilalv’s aviation industry, witli license agree- ennnent. and Agusta is looking for
coming from either tlie Air Force or
ments pimi|)ing in new funds and advanced tcctuiiqiies, are heading toward Army-or
fiirtlier orders both within and outside
both. Hie Arms' is ciirrcntlv
Italy, It had hoped to eiaek West Ger-
a biinsijer year in 1961. esaliiating two of the aircraft at Ft.
many, which is nosv reviewing its large
Of the two major license agreements now in force, one is outgoing, the Rucker, Ala., and the Air Force is
helicopter requirements and is the most
other incoming, and botli revolve around Italv’s largest aircraft manufac- expected to follow suit at Kirtland
affluent of all potential European cus-
turer— Fiat. AFB, N. M,, with another tsso G. 91s
tomers. Imt in this case- soiitees in Bonn
imported from Italy,
boon for Fiat stems from an
Litest will build a total of 182 F-104G air- say the chances for the 204B arc small.
With or without U.S. orders, G. 91
Italian government decision to join frames— including 57 f(3T W'est Ger- •Another Italian firm, .Aeromintica
production figures should top the 600
\\'cst Germany. "Che Netherlands anti m.iny— with production through 1964 Macclii. is rolling out its prototi-pe nf
mark, a figure not so high as Fiat had
Belgium in the European common pto- at least. The company also will be the Lockheed L.AS.A 60 single-engine FIAT 7002 HELICOPTER
once hoped nor nearly so low as it
riuction program for the Lockheed responsible for approxiinatelv 19% of
had once feared.
which it hopes to market
utilitv aircraft
l’-l(MG all-weather interceptor. the European licensed production of throughout E.uropc. Partialis owned by gi cutest jccomplishmcnts to datelnrgelv Italv also is considering whether to
As in the case of its other partners
the 1 5.000-lb.-tlmist General Electric Lockheed, Macchi hopes to produce T5 cimfiiied to the fields of bioscience and join one or both proposed European
U. S. Funding in the F-104 program, Italv and its
J79 turbojet thatwill power the F-104. ol the aircraft this ^e-ar. then jump to cmimion space projects now struggling
industry arc becoming more and more
By ordering 75 of the aircraft, Italv subcontractors
Italian will profit an annua! rate of 100-150 if the market In lamiary, a two-stage Nike-Cajun to get off the ground. One program,
hound to the common
production con-
rcccitod assuninccs of U.S. mutual aid down Alfa Romeo ex-
the line, with w-.irmnts- The aircraft will l)e sold in upper atmusplicre research rocket was whose framework was established at a
cept. is because the hpcs
Partially this
funds equivalent to .mother 50 F-104Gs pected to be assigned a large piece of Europe under the designation Lock- laundicd from Surdenia with the aid Geneva meeting late la.st year, vvnnld
of major weapon systems feasible for
fur a total of 125 to replace large in- the J79 component production prt>- heed Santa Maria, and Ntacchi savs a of the U.S. National Aeronautics and have the devdopment of satellite in-
Western Europe arc narrowing as costs
crements of the air force’s present gram. number of air taxi and oil operators Space Administration. The payload
leapfrt^ and complete financial siip-
intentory of approximately 500 North I'he outgoing agreement that repre- from several countries arc interested. was designed by Italy’s National Re- goal. I'he titlier, largely backed by
ort by any one nation becomes pto-
American F-S6 series interceptors and sents a breakthrough into uidcr market
C ibitise and partially because the A further example of U.S. aid in search Council (Consiglio Nazionale Great Britain and F'rance wlui have
Republic F-84 fighter-bombers. areas for major homegrown products the form of license agreements is Mi- Ddle Richctdie), and the government hardware to sell, would provide the
needed techniques, skills and facilities
became a full partner
Fiat, in return, gites West Germany the right to pro- crotccnica’s adaptation of the Norden is considering the establishment of a necessary launch vchidcs.
outstrip those available to a single
in the European industry consortium, duce under rov-altv license a total of stabilized platform as a nasigation and permanent launch fadlity on Surdenia. Before becoming firmly wedded to
country.
eligible for its share of the West Ger- 280 Fiat G, 91 lightweight strike fight- fire-control unit for cruisers under a The Research Council and the Italian either, Italy is expected to give serious
man
Italy, for instance, may or mav not
order whose size outstrips the ers within its own factories. Gennanv 550,000 Italian naiy development con- Air Ministry have each set aside ap- stiidv to N.AS.A cooperative vciiliites
place 'an entry in the North .Atlan-
capabilities of that country’s internal is purchasing 50 C. 91 fighters and 20 tract.If the system meets nasy expecta- proximatdv 5485,000 for the continua- that w'oukl put it into space faster and
tic Treaty Organization's forthcoming
prt>duction capacity. trainer sersions directly from Italv. and tions,production orders arc expected. tion of the rocket sounding piograni.
Under present programing. Fiat supply Greece and Turkey
competition for a VTOL
close-support
Fiat will Piaggio seems likely to enter the race
fighter. Win. lose or no entn' at all,
it still is practically assured of its share
toward development and production
of production of such a \chicle if suf- of a relativelv low-cost executive tur-
bine powered transport with technical
ficient orders from North .Atlantic
Treaty Organization aid from Douglas Aircraft Co. as a
niemlteis follow
the follow-on to the Itali.in firm's series of
final decision.
Italso is closely allied with Ger- Cull amphibian and land-hascd aircr.ift-
many and France in helicopter asearch
Planc would be twin-engined, probably
and development programs, and the incorporaling the Pratt & \\'hitiiey

fallout from these projects should .is- PT6. Financial backing for the project
siire additional production. For the would be largely supplied by the Italian
moment, lieciisc agreements prmide government and Piattgio.
the life ring, the U. S.. the tcchnologv. Original promising designs outside
While the F-104 and G. 91 repre- the business (lying field include Fi.nt's

sent the most significant breakthrouglis 7002 cold jet helicopter and Maechi's
in this field, the Italian industn- as a M. 15. 526 two-scat jet trainer.
whole has relied largely upon licensed The 7002, pow ered bv the Fiat 4700
production to help it back along the s generator which provides about 550

post-Wiirld AA’ar H pull. Giovanni g ). at takeoff, made its first flight earlier

.Agusta, for example, rebuilt itself with this year, remaining in the air for
the production of Bell helicopters be- approximately 50 min. Crossing 5,080
ginning in 1952. Fiat with the mami- IK, it has useful load of 1,760 Ih.
factiirc and ussemblv of F-86Ks whose Macchi thus far has produced 50
design is reflected iii the smaller G. 91 Nf, fl. 526 trainers, most of them going

tactical fighter. tc the Italian air force which is using

•Agusta is now producing the Bell the aircraft at two different training

47| and 47G in quantity for the Euro-

centCTs. The l,750-lb.-thriist Bristol

pean market and is bringing out a new Siddelcy Viper ASV 8 turbojet power-
plant used on earlier models is now
design utilizing the Bell HU-l.A rotat-
ing com|)oncnts and the Canadian being replaced bv the 2.460-lb.-t!mist ®^M®W£:3f'*NEXWORKS
BS V.
Pratt & Whitney Rl'40 engine dcrel-
countries have
11. Macchi
shown
says several
interest
foreim
in the
IN XI rVIISSIL-E S'VSXEIVIS
oping a maximum of 600 hp. Desig-
450-mph. aircraft, including Lebanon,
nated the .Agusta 102, six of these
niiic-passcngct helicopters aircadv hast Portugal and Sweden, but no firm out-
been sold within Italy and another fire side sales have vet been completed.

within Spain- [n space, Italy, like most of Europe,

Ill another step, using experience is taking its first tentative steps, its

AVIATION 1961
AVIATION WEEK, Morch 13, 1961
13,
 JAPAN
• CANADA
put up 60% and the remaining funds
Delays in Starting F-104 Program would come from Nippon Aeroplane's
stockholders. But the Japanese Finance

Hamper Japanese Aviation Growth Ministry— iron-handed keeper of tlie

government's books-his already thrown
the project back and demanded tliat tlie
'lokyo— Jii)>an's aircraftindustn— entire industry. Mitsubishi Heavy In-
shareliolders round up 50%. Kven then
with vast |)otcntia1 in a comitrv which dustries already lias received a letter of
it is far from clear whether the project
intent. In addition, through Mitsubishi
now takes its place as the fifth largest will get through the roiigh-and-timililc
dO engines for the fighters will be or-
industrial eom])lcx in flic world— still of this spring's Diet discussions of tlic
dered directly from .America- 20 for tlie
total government budget.
lies largely dormant. In a welter of I'-IO-ID two-seat trainer, and 20 for
Meanwhile. Nippon .Aeroplane is
complications involving the intric- tlie first production models of the new
pitting only lukewarm encouragement
acies of Japanese i>olitics the future fighter.
from Japan’s two airlines-Japaii ,\ir
I'he first 20 will be assembled in
is cloudy. I.incs and All Nippon Ainvavs. Both
Japan of If. S.-iiiade parts through
Here arc the dements: have taken a wait-and-see attitude
grant from the U. S. .AirF'orce tlirougli
• Program to equip Japan's Self. before thev place any orders for the
tlie Military Assislancc Advisory Croup
Defense Air horce with 2(10 r iOdJs aircraft. All Nippon’s recent purehasc
in Japan. 'Die 21st and the remainder FIRST U.S.-BLIILT LOCKHEED CF-104
IS innsing, but tem|iorariK bogged of l''okker I''-27 h'riend.ihips and addi-
of the 200 will lie tlie modified J Ivpe
down in the problems of tooling and tional Vickers Viscounts is taken as an
and will be of .ill-Japaiiese inamifactiire.
miidifieations.
• YS-II project— priidiietion of a Jap-
Current schedules call for the first
all-J.ipinese-madc fighter to Ik pro-
indicator
interested.
that it is mil particiilarlv
Recession Spurs Canadian Defense Debate
anese-designed and built medium- 'I’hc hclicripter hooni-vihicli smne
duced in January. 1961. Local manu-
range turho|)rop transport— is iiiosing optimist's Ml the industrv had predicted By Herbert Coleman told
facture of engines and fuselage will J.
slower than had been anticipated be- -has failed to maleriiili/e vet. The
begin ill Janiiarv-, 1962.
cause of the reluctance of the govem- Self-Defense Forces liave |)laccd orders
A spokesman of tlie Society of Jap- Ottawa—Canadian aircraft industry, increasmglv troubled bv political "-An order for the CL-41 is more
nieiit to grant subsidies. for three Sikorsky S 61s with Mitsuhislii
anese Aircraft Manufactiiteis savs tliat wrangling over the nation’s defense policies—or lack of them— is doing best
:ibahle right now tlian it has ever
• Helicopter production
licenses has slosved
on U. S.
due to the Diet's
the first VS-li-the first postwar Jap-
Heavy Industries
iidditiomil order for
and will place an
two or three Vcitol to ride out the storm until a pattern emerges.
its
Een before."
anese designed plane-will be flight Ill the helicopter field, an order is
reluctance to go along with a Self- 107s with Kawasaki Aircraft, l-uji Pre- Defense, accounting for onc-tliird of the Canadian budget, is getting a imminent for 24 light helicopters, viitli
testedby the end of this year. Jigs
Defense Naval l''orcc project for a cision Industries lui.s a|)p!ied to tlie closer scrutiny tlian ever before, in the face of rising uiieniplovnicnt and a the Hiller 12E the Icadiog contender;
and some machine tools are already
helicopter carricr.
being prodna-d. Tlie airframe will be
Ministry of Intcniafional Trade & surge to protect Canadian sovereignty. Bell and Cc-ssna also have submitted
• Jagisncse designers' belief that thev Industry (MITI) for approval of a proposals; Kaman Aircraft hopes to sell
could do well in the vertical takeoff
ready for testing in a few months—
licensing iirrangemcnt for Bell's IIU-IB
On the parliamentary level, a small but vocal giouj) advocates reducing
perhaps in late autumn. 12 IIU2Ks for anti-submarine warfare
field, applying some of the design skill and expects approval with an order for empbasis on the Royal Canadian Air Force's mission of interception. Others
But some big questions about the use. 'I'vvo Vcrfol 107s arc being con-
which is paving off in other thcorctinl a small number of helicopters from seek cumjilctc disarmament as a signal example to world powers. sidered for transport duties. Competi-
aircraft are still pending. Nippon Aero-
scientific fields, has tcceised little
plane Mimufactnring Co., the joint
the Self-Defense I'ortes, The Self- Canadiim sovereignty is a political tion has Ikco under wav for two years.
government attention. Defense I'orccs arc also csix-eted to spark con.vtiintlv fanned in parli.imen- ceptors taken from the U.S. inventory. Canada's defense budget totals S1.6
enterprise set up by the industrv to
If there is a bright note in the place an order for 10 trainers of the tary debates. 'I'here are tinges of anti- But in the subsequent parliamentary
build the plane, needs more monev for billion,and most of it is for the RC.Al''.
industry picture, it comes from the Fuji KM2 type some time during the .Americjii sentiment, largely due to U. wrangle over the RCAF's mission, the
tlie project. It has estimated tlie S. Canada is working on a relatively small
nature of the Japanese aeronautical control of some Canadian companies, deal bogged down and US.AF has since sounding rocket and satellite program
figure at about S5v5 million. The
industry itself. Most of the aircraft "'nie Liberal-Democratic P.irtv. tlic and widespread use of U.S. weapons ordered Boeing KC-1'5 jets and Lock- through its Defense Research Rurrau.
industry has asked tlie government to
makers arc actuallv divisions of or ruling p.irtv of Prime Minister Ilaiato after cancellation of Canadian-devel- heed C nO Ifercules tnrboprops. Tlierc are no plans for missile devclop-
related companies to the big Japanese Ikeda. in a position ]>apcT released last oped types, such as the Avro CF-105 It was this factor that determined the
inthilworking companies svfiicli liavc fall on the aviation industry, lias drawn
U. S.—Japanese future course at Canadair. builder of the
Nuelear Capabilities
been enjoying enormous pros)jerity. up a list of priorities tor tlie industry CL-44 at Montreal. 'Diat companv,
'Dius, Japanese niaiuifacturcrs have Agreemenl.s in aircraft manufacturing. It proposes Opposing Views now working on planes ordered by U. S. Still another area of controversy, also
maintained their staffs, their facilities, tlie Lockheed
that the yS-11 project Ik given support .At the moment, defense policies arc
Iai>aiicsc pinctuctioii of cargo lines, has spurred its sales and a hot political subject, is tlie question
and have financial resources. Kniplovcs bulked |apancw-U. S. as well as research on Japanese designs
debated hv two camps. One would have
F-lO-t btfc hi cargo research campaigns in a drive of whether Canada vyill r«cive nuclear
in Japan normally enter a eoinpanv for for a vertical takeoff and landing plane,
the RCAF flv first-line fighter intercep- toward survival in the commercial
litetiine employment. .And the em- a liigh speed transport, and a cargo commitment
tors as part of its to North contends it is wasteful to spend millions
ployer has a responsibility to keep tlicm But were no conaete
plane. there .American Air Defense Command Another Canadair plane, the CL-41 on the F'-]I14G jet if Canada's NATO
011 in fait weatiier or foul. suggestions on how these projects were (Nor.ul). 'Die otlier would keep the jet primary trainer, also is caught in the forces are not armed with nuclear war-
lapinese airaaft manufacturers are to be implemented. RC.AF' mi.vsion in the realm of transport olitical crossfire. In top government
coiitimiiiig to join with .American In design and research circles, the and air defense aircraft identification. Ervels, tlie thinking is that if the RC.AF’ This factor enters into the U.S.-
manufacturers in technical licensing A' l'OI. project has vvidespre.id support.
The mood within the RCAF. justly will not have iin interceptor role there Canadkm agreement to build two
agreements. Many of the Japanese • Hcs-cel Piodnets and Showa Aircraft A V rOL group has been estab- proud of its traditions, is best described is little need for a jet trainer BiK'iiig Boniarc ground-air interceptor
manufacturers have patterned their own lished in the Aircraft Industrv Discus- Interceptions and identifica- Tlic warhead
as bitter. missile bases in (Canada.
operations on those of the U. S- • llamilfoii fitandard and Sumitomo sion Council, formed to act as an tions now are made aging .Avro
vvitli tlie
Jet Trainer Needed wliich will be used in Bnniarcs has
companies. Tliat means that if and advisory body to the Ministry of Inter-
Precision Industries for pro|x;llers and Ch'-lOO- .As one top-ranking officer put Conversely, the RC.AF lielieves that never been officiallv established.
when the tuni comes, the indnstrv parts. national Trade &
Industrv on aircraft. Ihc jet trainer is nccessarv to its mission. Canada’s Liberal Party is on record as
would be able to shift into action niucfi But so far its activities iiavc beKii largely
• l-ockhccd Aircraft and Mitsubishi "The CF-100 was good in its day. Pilots must be trained for tlie Lockheed feeling tliat the U.S. should keep its
faster than many foreign obsersers now Hcavv Industries for l-.10-t|,
limited to collecting data on what is But niAv the airplane is even a liaiiditup F-104G which will replace CF-lOOs in nuclear deterrent paramount, and the
believe. iKiiig done in this field in other
• Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, and .\Iilsu- ill Xotad exercises, because it gets in the Nnrtli .Atlantic Treaty O^anization RC.Al' should become an identification
|'he I'-IOJ project finally gets off the
bishi He-avv Industries for engines and the vs-.iy of the US.AF's F-106s. And Canadian ivings. Cnnentlv, RC.AF force for Norad, sinee "an interceptor
ground tliis spring, 'Die Self-Defense Some industry spokesmeai arc calling
parts. worst of all. the CF-100 e.iii't even cadets train in North -Aniericau T-6s role is futile."
Force will sign a contract
with Ntitsu- for the up of a joint industry
setting
• General Electric and Ishlkawajiiiia catch Trans-Canada's DC-8s." and the jet-powered l.ockheed T-TL But Canada’s defense minister. Doug-
bislii Heavy Industries and Mitsubishi and government com|)aiiv like the
Heavy Indmtries for |79 engine pro- Not loog ago, the RC.AF had high However, tliere is reason to believe las S. Harkness. sees the nation's role
IS expected to go aliead immediately Nippon .Aeroplane Manufacturing Co. iiopes for a trade of 40 Canadair CI.-44 that a CL-41 order will Ik made soon. as one of security, part of the over-all
with its .subcontracts, which will include vvliicli will produce the YS-1 transport
• Hughes Aircraft Co, and Japan Avio- 1 hirbopmp transports to US.AF's Mili- 'I'he airplane is Canadair's only original North .American deterrent.
pieces of tlic whole project under sub- to work on plans for VIOL. But
trollies for fire controls. a .Air ’Transport Sen icc, in return for
t.irv design and two prototypes have been "It is nonsense to think that Canada
licensc and subcontract for virtnallv tlie nothing concrete has materialized. 70'MeDoimell F-IOIB Voodoo inter- built with companv monev. One top would remain ncittni! and imtoiicliexl by

238 AVIATION WEEK, Morch 1961

13. AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 289
 • CANADA • GERMANY
North
in
Star, sonio of wliich will
service for
search and rescue.
• l>c Havilland Caribou-
navigation training

RCAI’ now
remain
and
the Black Brant II sounding rocket in
another project to stud; this area.
Black Brant II is powered bv a Bristol
Mk. 2 .solid propellant motor and
Germans
Bonn—The vear 1961 marks a
Weld Multi-Nation Defense Tearn
sig-
has four in service; been three have reaches altitudes ot about 60 mi. In-
nificant turning point in the resur-
placed on United Nations dutv at K1 strumented nose cone collects data from
Arisli, Egvpt. and the foiutli is used the middle ionosphere. .About I 5 shots gence of West German militarv avia-
for tr.iining at ’I'renton. have been made iroiii Ft. Churchill and tion and its supporting indiistrics-
• Canadair CC-109. I'itted with Na- another s 1 arc pliinntd. Canadair Thc air force for the first time will
pier Kland turboprops- tliis Convair makes the fuselage and fins.
be receiving initial quantities of au
-HO conversion is used for medium- Defense Rescatcli Biyrd also is in-
aircraft that can more than match
range tr.msport. RC.^h’ lias 10 planes, terested in infrared detection of ICBMs.
the complete order, now in service to Ithelped to set up Operation Outlook the \IiC-I7s of its East German
replace Douglas C-47 trans|)orts. with the U. S- National .Aeronautics anrl counterpart,
• De Has illand Otter. RCAI' rccfivcd Space .Administration, in which two The West German industry for
the last of its order of 28 airplanes last CF-inOs speciallv fitted with instru- the first time since the era of the
Deccnilser and they have been assigned mented pods flew from .Ascension Is-
Messersclnnitt 262 and the close of
to 1! auxiliar)' squadrons for workhorse land to measure radiation from missiles
purposes. in flight.
World A\'ar II will be producing top-
• Grumman Albatross. Ten planes has c Ill civil defense, the Board is con- drawer combat aircraft under license
been delivered and lunc been assigned ducting studies of shock and hla.st wases and (jushing designs for the future
to search and rescue work at three and recently set off a bla.st of 40,000 own making.
largelv of its
locations. lb. of TN'f' to siimilatc a nuclear ex-
West Gemi.iny’s air force bodes to
• laDckhccd F-104G StarfighR-r. RCAI' plosion. Next August, a controlled become tlie strongest in W'estenv
has ordered 200, plus M I'-lOdD two- lila.st of 100 tons is planned on an rope over the next four-to-five
I'hi-

years
seater trainers, to he built by Canadair insrninicnteti range. Bell Telephone and its industry a leader in design, de-
under license- Povverplant is the Gen- now is building underground vaults to velopment and pruduction— all within
era! Electric J79-CE-7 turbojet, built measure possible damage to cables.
a decade of its halting re-emergence
under lieense by Orenda Engines, Ltd. Other programs include research for
in early 1956-
'Ihey will replace eight squadrons of use of icc as landing platforms and the
Reasons Isehind such a rapid growth
Canadair Sabres now used in the Cana- defense aspects nf biological warfare,
and e.xpansion arc varied, Thev include
dian NATO forces, plus four squadrons in conjunction vvitli the U. S. -Arniv
West Germany's proximitv- to the Com-
of CK-lOOs. DngvsTiy Proving Croimd, Utah.
nimiist border and the threat behind
• Canadair A^is antisnbinarinc air- Newest project is constnictinn of five
it; a vigorous economy that, better than
craft. RCAI' now has CL-28s in hypersonic launching platforms bv the
most in Europe, can absorb tlie costs
service with Maritime ,\ir Coniinantl. Canadian .Aniianicnt Research and De- such a comeback entails: a technological
Delivery was completed last September. velopnient Establisliincnt at Valcartier,
tradition that can give it substance, and
In the field of space, Canada has sev- Quo. Platfomis can liandlc models up Sud Alouette with SS-10 Missiles
a detenniiiatinn to re-establish the couii-
eral pro|ects under way, the most proiii- to 100 lb. weights and will he used to
trv as a major nation of the West on
isine of ivhich top.side
is its .sounder measure impacts and rc-entrv forces as all levels. Finally, a vital factor lias duction of a high performance fighter for a VTOL transport as a replacement
satellite to measure the upper iono- related to ICBMs. (.A\\' Dec. 26, p. 20) and with Great Nord C.160 Ttansall turboprop
been U.S. aid and encouragement at for tlie
sphere. Tour satellites ate under con- On the industrial front. Canadair h.is Britain for the development and pro- to round out the next generation and
struction. De Havilland is building the beefed up its sales and research in the \Vcst German pilots are now check- duction of a light reconnaissance and essentially eliminate relianceupon long
shells and Defense Research Bureau, cargo field in a determined attempt to close support aircraft (AW svstems— which invite ooth air-
ing out on the Lockheed F-104F tvvu- Jan. 16, ruiiivay
which has overall responsibility, is mak- sell the CL-44D swing-tail in the inter- and missile attack— for their com-
place trainer, and first deliveries of 96 p. 56). craft
ing the instruincniatuin. national m.irket.
Mach 2-plus I''-I04G interceptors on Major German effort in this field has bat and support wings.
Die he fired in the first
satellite will Major pnijecf. other tliaii the CL.-44, been concentrated upon development This plan, however, in
order from the U.S. will begin arriving is still tlie
quarler of 1962 from N'andenberg -M B. is the l'-I04G production line, just
here this summer. Seven German air- of a Mach 5 interceptor as an F-104 embryonic slage.
Basic-ally, the satellite will telcmctet getting under way. Under a separate
frame mamrfacturers are tooling to par- replacement by a Mcsscrsclimitt-Hein- Cennan preoccupation with wide-
information about tilt structure of the subcontract, Canadair will build K-104 ranging VTOL
tici|satc in the European F-HH produc- kcl-Bolkow team that has leaned heavily designs surp-assing that
upper levels of the ionosphere by using wings, aft fuselages and empennages
tion program and hope to roll out the upon U.S. experience and whose design of most other nations is not surprising
a radio sounder above the ionized lav- for Starfighters being produced by first comjjlcte aircraft sometime late this willinconioratc many of the basic fea- in view of German vulnerability to pin-
cr.s, and will jirovidc information about Lockheed for West Gemianv, Japan, tures of the now-dormant Bcl]-!88.A point attack from relatively short-range
galactic noise and radio signals from Holland and Belgium.
F-104G production and other proj- that had a projected speed of Mach Soviet missile systems and East Euro-
space. 'lire information w-iTi he used Cancellation of the delta-wing Avro pean l'ak-25 Flasliliglit interceptors
RELIABILITY ects now under wav promise to keep 2-plus,
to explore long-range cnmmunieatinns Arrow jet interceptor after five aircraft equipped with long range air-to-air mis-
tlie industry at peak effort through Envisioned powerplants would be six-
and nndoubtedTv will be considered as were built at a total development cost Tlve latter can remain over tlicir
1965. When these programs phase out, eight 5,000-lb. thrust Rolls-Royce RB. siles.
a means to determine defense against of S400 million vvas a blow from which own territory and virtually pick off W'est
West Gennan planners liope to have 1 55 turbojet engines now under devel-
intercontinental ballistic missiles. tlie companv has not fullv recovered. German aircraft as they take off from
utlieTS. especially VTOLs, ready to opment in cooperation with Maschinen
Satellite is made of aluminum and The aircraft were known complexes. V'TOLs
later scrapped. Its fallow. Eahrik .Augsburg-Nurenhutg iNLAN), airfield
glass fiber, girdled by banks of solar aeronautical work now primarily on could be scattered in forest clearings and
is Wliile the need for a high-perform- In the close-support field. I'ocke-
cells. W'eight will be about 275 lb. its Flying Saucer, which currently is ance VTOL
figliter has been debated Wnlf has been studying the possibili- farinlaiids, comt.uitly shifting position
and diameter is 42 in. Orbit will lie undergoing wind tunnel tests. Other- to make advanced knowledge of their
on an on-again, off-again basis vvitliiii ties of a tail sitter and Siebclvverke-.ATG
about 700 mi. Canadian Defense Re- wise, .Avro is building juke bo-xes and VTOL
as potential exact whereabouts more difficult and the
U. S. Air Force and industry circles for a more conventional
search Tclccommimicntinns Establisli- a machine that packages frozen maca- chances of survival contspoivdingly
the past several years, West Germany replacements for the I'iat G.9f. 41ie.se
ment will operate four receiving stations
programs, however, could die with tlie
has been working diligentiv on such
ill Canada. Dc Havilland of Canada Licensed production, bilateral and
is concen- projects since 1958. signing of the agreement with Great
The satellite will he of value in ex- trating on filling Caribou orders for Britain for development of an aircraft multilateral agreements within and out-
•Accelerating its push toward a family
ploring unknowns of the aurora bore- U. S. -Anny— Eve have been delivered side the formal ftamcvvotk of the North
alis. the phenomenon whicli lias long
of VTOL vehicles, tlie German govern- Ivascd upon a successor or follow-on to
and 22 more will he built this vear-and mciit recentiv concluded agreements the Hawker P.1127. Atlantic Treatv Organiz.ition, are pro-
plagued Canadian coinmnnieatiuns. eiglit airplanes, ordered by Ghana German planners need viding the practical impetus to the
air with France for tlie joint study and pro- also see the
Defense Research Bureau lias dei clopcd force, go info production in October.
293
272
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961
• GERMANY
stc-.idv grottfli of Gtrri.in indiiitn’ and Originally, as the four-nation project offieiah complained at the time that • EAST EUROPE
(lie ait force. was being negotiated last fall, the J79 plaii.s for the aircraft had gathered dust

I
Of .ill
IIHC
iigtcciiicnts signed thus far, the
IS hy far the outstanding ex-
effort was to liaic been split esenly be-
tween Germany's BMW' 'I’riobwcrkhau.
in governnieiit
two
"in" baskets for the |)ast
years awaiting action on llain- East Europe Pushes Aircraft Exports
ample, the Belgian I'N Works and I'iat. Sub- hurget's bid fot official financial support
cotitrwersial decision whose merits setiuently. BMW
and I'iat experienced for the aircraft.
Geneva—East Fluropcan aviation
are still being debated, the Cerm.ni difficulty in finding ctimpefent siibcon- In the meantime, U.S. and Briti.sh
industrv is intensifying its drive to
I 104 prodiietion plan has mushroomed trartors with adequate facilities and designs fur competitise transports in the
on their production lines, and the and medium-range find broader outlets in the AV'est for
to the point where it is providing major sjiace short- field ap-
—and in some eases life sasing-husiness ratio had to be shifted. roached the hardware stage, llam- its widening range of aircraft and re-

for the industries of three other I'hiro- Under present plans. Belgiiini will get E urger. which estimated that it would lated products.
[xan natioii'-Belgiiim, The Ncther- the lion's share-4S.2(iG . Geiiiianv will need orders for a minimum of 100 air- AA’ith a steadily increasing capacity
l.mds and ItaK, follow with 82.477^ and Itah with er,ift before putting its trans|jort into
within the framework of the post-war
.Slthongh tile Kuropenn I'-lOd pro- 19.27%, production, realized that the time to act
dollar values onh by and withdrew'
Five Year Plans— the third successive
gr.ini could still grow, for the inoiiicnt In electronics (in Ii.iil pa.ssed it its phns.
.1 total of ‘H9 arc to he built.
iiirfr.inies since much of the work will lx- sub- Capability and capacity in the area of one is now beginning in Czech-
Of tlicse, scheduled for West
h(l4 are contnicted within the U.S.l Gerinanv lielicopti-r.s are just begimiing to biid. oslovakia— the saturation point has
Gcrimim, 12s for ItaK. 120 fot 'nie will assume rcsixinsibility foi approxi- although sc' cral firms lane prodiitcd in- almost arrived among tlic Fiastern
Netherlands and 100 for Belgium. 'Ihc mately 44'^ of the over-all l''-!D4 pto- teresting designs in tlie Mnallcr-capacitv
bloc partncR. This applies generally
.idiantages to the other nations joining giani. Holland 21%, Italy 19% and rategory, and the Geniiaii military is
to all their key industries as well as
W cst Germany in the program are Belgium 16%. making cxfciisisc ii.se of U. S. and
,'\s its I''-104 program grew in num- Trench cquipment- aviation. New export markets imist
Italv, for example, is financing oiiK' bers. Cemiany also found it neccssiin Ihniie production is not far awav. soon be established, or the over-all
Tsofits 12sairciaft, with U.S. inutna! Woei I'liig/.ciigbau is tooling to Iniifd economic structure will suffer a scl-
aid funds carrying the rest. In return, dustry into airfnune production. SikorskyG S-Ci4 living crane inider li-
I'iat has been assigned production of tnitially, and before Italy bceimc a tense, 'The West German Defense Miii-
1 he first few post-war years were
1 82 airfr,lines, 57 of them for Germany, partner. West German industry was istiy has recently uiiderLiken an cxlcii-
devoted to rebuilding and realigning
and will share in components manufac- organizationally disided info two geo- sivc icsiew ot its needs, and a tripartite
a partially destroyed and dormant air-
ture and final asxeinhls- of the l'-104's r.ipliinil groupings, with the Southern agieemcnt witli I'rance and Itah' mav
craft industry with technical aid and
General Mlcctric J79 engine. ma|or ?Iroup assigned the G.9I, I‘•I04 and soon produce some interesting original
raw materials supplied by the Soviet
sulicontractor toI'iat in the engine field fighter dircratt generally and the Xorth- designs.
Union. .After its rebirth, initial pro-
will be Alfa Romeo. em Croup concentrating primarih upon Under the tripartite pact, signed witli-
duction found a ready market within
I'iat, and Ifalv. arc receiving ati addi- hcasier types, including transports. ou! fanfare in Nosenibcr. 1958, Ger-
the Soviet bloc, with Russia leading
tional boost from the oier-all moderni- Production needs, howcicr, soon out- many has rcspon.uhilits- for the smallest
as the satellite countries' main customer
/.ition program of the German air fnree stripped the ciipacih' of the Smitlieni and iargcsl types while T'caiice and Italv
tor light aircraft.
ssliidi also is purchasing 50 G.91 R.5 Croup and its Belgian and Dutch part- share the medium-size field. Operation
close-support aircraft and 20 trainer scr- ners. The Northern Group, while re- of the pad is just beginning to take final Production Sharing
Mons dircctlv from the Italian firm and taining its entih'. wa.s btoiight in, and shiipe and represents still another step
W'ithiii file Soviet bloc, production
lias license agrcemciit.s fot file produc- there was a reiiligmnent of tasks. Still ill the neccssity-iiispircd inoi'C toward
in even' industrial field has been largely
tion of another 2.80 R.ss by West Ccr- aiiotlicr asliiifflc was made l,ist fall more and more common design and pro-
coordinated, with a minimum of cum-
wlien Italv formally entered the picture, duction efforts within Kurope.
(xtition Ixtween any two eoimtries.
Iii the G.OI production
Germ, in licit' isthe present breakdown on air- Hicsc efforts, stemming priiiiarily
Here the i.s breakdown within the
no'nicr-W'erhc will have the responsi- from the need for mote funds and
aviation industries:
hilitv for final asscmhlv and iiianuhic- • Group of Mcsscrschniitl,
Sontheni greater technical skills in the adoption
• Soviet Union takes cate of all large
tiirc of the centet fuselage section; Mes- llcinkcl, Dumier and Sicbcl, 210 air- of niodern weijxin ss stems than anv one
civil transports, military aircraft, missile
serselmiitt the fotnattl and rear fuselage frames for the West German air force.
and space research prograuis, while its
sections and llciiihc! the wing and tail Os'cr-all re.sponsibility rests with Messer- N.A TO nations more and more into the
Ma.st European associates ptodnee a
.isseiiihh irst rollmit is scheduled tor
1 sclmiift. leahn of standardized equipment and
fairly wide range of light aircraft for duction p.ittern is coiifiiied to short- slovakia ranks second among the
niid-stiniitier. • Northern Group of I'ockc-'Wiilf, provide an example of how necessity
twilling, agriculture, sport and business, niiige transport and turbojet tiev chip- wotld’s largest producers and exporters
Kliickner-Iiumhold Deutz, of I'oln- Ilambiirger l•'lllgzeughau and Weser- can oserridc nationalistic pride.
• Czcclioslovakia. which is cmitimiing of .small transport and sport aircraft
Deutz. will build the G.OI s Orpheus flngzt'ugEan joined with Holland’s I'ok- Within some of the NATO
nation.s
production the Russian-designed
of previous produetiiiii of the Ru.vsinn within the 4.409 lb. gross weight and
ker and .\\ iolanda in the isrndnctioii of
Ilyushin 11-14 piston-engine transport IKiisliiii 1I-14P. Ihe last of a total five-seat capacity range.
Bristol Sidcleles' Kngiiies. I.td. 575 aitframes-l2n to the Dutch air projects, standardization was almost a
and producing to a limited extent the of about 100 Il-HPs was completed at Recent industrial ti.ide fairs such as
Prior to the I'-l 04 and C.Ol. the new 255 to the German. Team leader
force. vulgar word a few short years ago.
Russian MiG-15. -17 and -19 fighter the end ot 1959 and m.inv of them, those held annually at Brno, Czcclio-
N\'c.st Geniiaii indiistrv alreadv had cut is I'okker. Nationalisni and mutual niistnisl made
• Belgium's Socictc .\nonvme Btige dc
series as well as the Ilyushin 11-28 powered by the Russian Asch S2T siovakia; Poznan, Poland, and Leipzig.
its teeth on fairly-sophisticatetl modern the use of liomc produced inilitaiv
Inimbcr, is ciincentrating primarily on piston tnpiies also built in T'.ast East Germany, emphasize the efforts
airframes. Post-war turbojet power- Constructions .'\eronautiqncs (S.M5C.A1 equipment a political requiremenf,
the development of light aircraft and Geinuiiiv. were supplied to Comniuiiist licing made by the Soviet bloc to in-
plant ex|K'rienec, howciet. Ii.is been and .Asions 182—100 for the Bel-
I'airey, Such ideas are far from dead, hut
vailplaiies, China, Bulgaiia. Rumania, llimgaty crease trade with western Coimlric.s.
l.irgeh confined to major cserhaul and gians, 82 for Germany. common design .ind production, with
• Poland IS making a limited miiiiber of and other countries. 'Hie character of these fairs is ise-
maintenance, with some experience hi • Italy's Tint, 182-125 to the Italian ait each nation taking nationalistic pride
sport plants but is concentrating Communist China ranks second only coining more iiiteriiaticmal from yi-ar
BM\\' Tricbwerltbau in particular on force, 57 to the Geniiaii. in its share of the work, is becoming
particularly on sailplane design and to the Soviet Union .is a customer for to year, the sections devoted to aircraft
the design of engines in the near-mini- its concentration upon strengthen-
In more and more comniim and paved
production for which it has long ago products from Czechoslovakia, the top larger and the range of exhibits more
mum thrust ranges. ing military potential today and mm-
its the wav for Germany's revival.
estahlislied -a reputation. Rca'iit dc- I'.ast European producer. 'Iliey head extensive. Literature distributed is no
While Klockner can handle the iiigtoward N'TOI.s tnmorrmv. Germany Tlic l'’-I04, C.9]. the N.VTO Hawk veliipmciits in this field include tlic a list of -15 nations, including many lunger available only in the Soviet bloc
s.OOO-lh.-thrust Orpheus, the 1 5.000- has neassarih had to oscrlook other anti-aircraft and inniti-nation Side-
vleek Zefir (<i|5cu class! and h’lika from the West, who are doing bu.viiicss languages but in tliree or font Western
Ih.-thriist J79 for the l'-104C presents segments of the ssiation spectrum. winder air-to-air missile production
<.vt, indued claxs) Polish .siiilpkme entries with the Czechs. Chinese purchases ones as well. It is obvious tliat East
iiifiiiiteh greater problems. .8nd. Ger- Commtreial jet transport plan.s. for efforts, the 'Ttaiisall, the Bregiict 1150
lit the Eighth World Gliding Cham- within recent yt-atshave included light European manufacturers are recogniz-
many is being forced to look e\en fur- example, have been cast aside for the AS\8' aircraft, the VI'OL and heli-
pionships kist June at Beh/.weiler, West aircraft, accessories, engnies and com- ing tile unique opportunities these fairs
fhet outside its own borders than it did moment. 'Hic last remaining promising copter pacts with I'liiiopean neighbors
Germany, where they ariiuved coii- plete airport instailations. offer to meet and make initial cont.ict
in its search for I'-I04 airframe contrac- prospect, a Marh ,9, 70-passcnger tnrhn- are cutront examples of the impact of
skleniblc interest imd admitation. 'I'lie Czech Mniistiy of Precision with much-needed customers from tlic
tors in order to find facilities and |cl planned by Hamburger I'lugzengbaii. common projects on the West Geniian • East Germany's contrihiition to the Mechanics, which controls the Czech W'est-
competence. was abandoned late last ye-ar. Company aviation industry and its resurrcction.
East Eutopt-an general aircraft pro- aircraft industiv. claims that Czecho- Nor have representatives of Omnipol.

294 AVIATION WEEK, 3. 1961

AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 29i
 • EAST EUROPE
MotoiiiipoTf and Tcchnocommerz, the Brazil, Argentina. Chile and recently in ing, advanced training and basic
cx|)ort organiisations rcspoiiiible to Spain. aerobatics are both now in series |)ro-
their res|jecti\e go\cniincnts in Czccho- Coni|)lcte Czech airport lighting in- duction at tlie Lommatzseh works. In-
slo\'akia. Poland and East Cemiany for introduced by Omnipol
stallations. first creasing numbers of East German-built
all trade, Iretn slnsv to realize the \aluc at tlic 1959 Bnio Eair, have since found sailplanes arc finding markets abroad.
of personal contact with possible tits- man)’ customers in Eastern EiirOjx;. in- •After AA'orld W'at II, purely Polish
tomets. Of late, they ha\e been increas- cluding Russia where they arc installed designs of any shape or form were dis-
ing their sales tours thtougliout the- in nine major airports. couraged. and the industrv was required
\\*cst in search of new markets, and 'Ihe Czccli airaaft industry’s tai^et tu coiia’ntrate on the jjroduction of
they are meeting with some snccess. within the latest Fi\e-Year production various Russian-designed aircraft.
Omnipol of Prague says that exports program specified bv the Czech Min- In recent years, however, production
of aircraft, including spare parts and istry of Precision Mechanics is: of military’ types has been diasticillv
accessories, iiiaeascd 42% in 1958 • Continue Morasa and Trciicr Master reduced in Poland, and the industry has
over 1956, and that the 1959 results lightplane as well as L-1 3 Blanik all- cimceiitr.ited more upon the license
boosted this figure 151% over 1956 metal sailplane production. |)roduction from Russia of small aircraft
exports. The 1960 figures are not vet • Coiitiniie dcvclo|imeiit of a standard of the Yak-12M multi-puipovc mono-
available. type glider and accelerate development plane variety. Its Polish-designed suc-
Until recently, the Strojimy Prsni of small STOL
and VT(5I. passenger cessor, tlie P/.L- 101. was developed bv
Pefiletky W'orks at Kuiinsice jiroduced transportsand or cargo versions. a team headed by’ Stiniislaw’ Lassota. It
the twin-engine, four-scat touring and AWB Flngzcugbau with hcad(|uartcrs is being built by the former Polskic
multi-purpose Super Aero as well as an at Pirna Elbe handles over-all ad- Zaklady Lotnieze AA'orls at Warsaw-
iiiiprosed version, the .Aero 145. de- ministration of the entire East German Okccic. which was renamed under Rus-
stgned for ait taxi or utilitv missions- aircraft industry. (WB
stands for sion control W.S.K. Wytvvomie Spr-
Production of the Super Aero scries was A'ercinignng Volkseigener Bctricbe—As- zetu Komunikacv’jncgo. 'Ihe PZI.,-101
discontinued last fall. 'Ihe four- to E\c- sociation of Publiclv-owned .Aircraft Eac- completed its flight trials in spring 1958
scat L200 Morava series, a small trans- toricsl.Current projects include: and IS available for export in two ver-
port and ait taxi aircraft designed h\- • A'EB Fliigzeugwerkcat Dresden, prin- sions: PZL-101 G-1 designed specifi-
Liidislav Sinicek, also is built at cipal of the six manufacturing firms, is cally for agricultural piirpo.vcs and the
Kunovice. clvargcd with the development and I’/l.-lOl G-2 multi-purpose aircraft.
,At the Morasan Otrokovice plant, production of transport aircraft. Pro-
the production program comprises the duction at the moment is conccu- Monoplane Production
Z526 Ta-ncr Nlaster, a two-seat tan- on the second prototype Baade
tr.itcd The W-S-K W'orks at W'arsavv-
dem, lo«-wing. all-metal aircraft de- B.B. 152 58-scat transport. First pro- Okecie also is jjroducing the PZL-102
ris'cd from its predecessor, the 7.226 totype B.B. 1 52 was lost when it crashed Kos single-engined monopianc, which
Ttcner Master, de.signed bv Engineer at Dresden on March 4, 1959 (.\A\' fills the Polish aero clubs’ requirement
Zamecihk; the HC-102 Hell Pabv 150 Mar, 25, 1959, p. 58). Second prototype for light aircraft suitable for sport flying
hp. two-seat, general purpose helico|)- B.B. 1 52 went into production last and touring. Development of this tvpe
ten a new six-scat \ersion. the HC-3 spring, .A .smaller twin-jet Tvpe H5 30- began in August, 1957 and the first
helicopter powered bv a 240-hp. piston passenger transport layout is reported to prototyiie, powered by a 65-hp, Natkie-
engine, presently undergoing flight be under development at Dresden ,is w’icz \\'N-I engine, flew’ in Mav the
tests, and the widely exported motor well as a helicopter or trainer with a following year. A fully :ierobafic, more
winch flerkiitcs III. Pirna 017 gas turbine. powerful version with an air-cooled 9(1- If you're the kind of engineer who enjoys working with hardware in
Sailplanes also arc included in the • A'liB Eiitwicklungsban at Pirna han- np. Continental C900 engine is now’ the field and thrives on tight time schedules, then you’ll be interested
Otrokovice aorks production. Of these, dles design and development of turbo- also being produced and available
is in a field assignment with Convair/Astronauiics.
tile 1,-13 Blanik two-seat tandem glider, jets ,ind small gas turbines for various for export.
for categories of training from cic-
all industrial uses including aircraft. Pirna A Polish-built v ersion of the Russian- Positions in field service, base activation, and Right test engineering
menfars' to instrument fliiiig as well 014 engines and three gas turbines of designed Mi-1 two- to tliree-seat, iiuilti- exist now at Atlas bases and test sites throughout the United Slates. If the inquiry card has been removed, or
a' for high performance flight, is ptoh- flic Pirna 017 variety are in production. purposc helicopter, the SM-l/6nn, is
ahlv the most hitcresting rca-iit de-
They require individuuls with broad technical ability, sound judge- if you u'hh to furnish or request mare
• A'l'lB Iiiduslricwctke at I.udvvigsfcldc being inamifaetured by the A\’.S.K.
s elopmeiit m
the series. 'I ne protots'pe produces turbojet and small marine Works at Swidnik. l''iist Polish produc- ment, and a strong sense of responsibility. In turn, they provide detailed information, please >vriie to
Blanik completed its flight tests in engines, 'llie Pirna 014 is also being tion SM-1 model came off the line in tremendous technical challenge and the satisfaction of being a front- Mr. R. B. Merwin, Industrial Relations
March. 1956, and the first 100 to he
produced were supplied to Russia.
inadc here.
• VEB Iiidii.striewcrkc, Karl-Marx-Stadt,
spring 1956, and the Polish Air Fora’
has a number
of them in service, T'hev
line participant in the free world's greatest deterrent to aggression — Administrator-Engineering. Mail Zone
130-90, Convair.' Astronautics, S65S Kearny
the Atlas weapon system.
'Hie Czech Walter Minor 6-HI, M produces and overhauls piston engines also are being exported in quantitv’ to Villa Road. Sun Diego 12. California. Ilf
352 and M
337 scries of aero engines and also is charged with development the ait forces of some of the other If you have a degree in engineering and qualify as an expert in the
also are being produa’d at Otrokovice. you live in Ihe New York area, please
and production of equipment for trans- East German countries and .Aral) field get all the facts. There's more information on the next page, and
'Ilie Orlican Chocen works is ctm- port aircraft. Included in the current contact Mr. J. I Tannone.Jr.. manager of our
.
states. Scv’eral models suitable for
centratiiig on the mamifneturc of the production program is the inamifac- ambulance, agricultural and liaison pur-
you'll find a convenient inquiry card attached. Why not mail it today? New York placement office, do General
L 40 Meta-Sokol all-metal, low-wing, lure of the Russian .Asch 82T piston poses are included in the present SM- There's no obligation, of course, and it will be immediately acknowl- Dynamics, I Rockefeller Plaza, New York
four-seatmonoplane designed for sports engine, vvliieh began here in 1956. 600 production program edged. Prompt interviews will be arranged with qualified respondents.
1 at tlie City: telephone Circle 5-5034.1
flyingand touring and the L 60 Briga- • A'l'lB Mpschiiicn-imd ,A|)]varatcbau, Swidnik facility.
dyr high-wing, four-seat utility aircraft. Schkeuditz, dev’clops and manufactures A'arious other light fixed and rotan-
Of the Czech light aircraft now be- ground cc|iripmcnt for both transport vving aircraft such as the two-seat jet
ing produced. Omnipol I'orcign 'fradc aircraft and airports. Overliaul of trans- TS-11 Iskra intended as a replacement
Corp, says the I, 40 Meta-Sokol is the ports is done here. for the rS-S Bies trainer, the four-
most popular export model. .As of late • A'KB Aisparateban, f.oniniatzsch. dc- engined MD-12 developed from the
last year, 1 5 of these h.id been sup- velcips and produces gliders and .vail- twin-engined Css - 12 20-passtnger
plied to AA'est Germans’ and 1 1 to plaiies. 'Die two-scat tandem Lelir- transport, the four-seat BZ-4 Zuk heli-
.Australia. It also has been sold in Eng- nieister glider for sport and training copter as well as a number of sailplanes
land, Norsvas’, I'uilaiid, Ssseden, Den- and the single-seat Libelle high-perform- and gliders arc known to he in various CONVAIR/ASTRONAUTICS DIVISION OF GENERAL DYNAMICS
mark. .Austria, Poland, Hungatv, Iran, ance s;iil|>lane .suitable for contest flv- stages of development or production.

296 AVIATION WEEK, Morch 13, 1961

 LINCOLN, NEBRASKA
• NEWS OF THE WEEK

Broader Space Booster Program Urged

By Edward H, Kolcum on moon without rcfneling.
the
much larger but the same
Rita-B.
Washington—U. S. industry can outstrip Russia in space booster capability shape as the -.A version, wonid be used
as a single stage to orbit 160.000 lb.
by 1966 with 200,000-lb. interplanetary payloads if the nation will sustain a
It could put 25,000 lb- on the moon
vigorous, top-prioritv launch vehicle development pre^ram, the House without refueling, and make inter-
Committee on Science and Astronautics was told last week. planetary flights with multiple refueling
Representatives of eight major propulsion companies failed to agree on and a 45.000-lb. pavload.
Anticipated performance improve-
the optimum vehicle concept, but t were unanimous in the vjcw that
ment of the high-pressure hydrogen-
the nuclear rocket program must be accelerated, and that definitive action
oxvgen engine is encouraging enough to
depends on stronger executive leader ihip than booster efforts have received believe it could orbit a siz-iblc payload
in the past. as a single .stage launch vehicle, accord-

Depth of industry concern o\cr the would be improved to the point where, ing to Walter Doll, chief enginca of
Ijooster program was reflected in the used in an upper stage, it could United Aircraft Corp.’s Pratt & W'hit-
wide variety of studies now being made, accelerate 100,000-200.000 lb. payloads ncy Division. Tlic 100.000-200,000-lb.
mostly with company funds, wliich to escape velocities bv 1966-67. First pavloads would be launched vvith a
CALIFORNIA could be advanced with governnsent engines could be available in 2-^ yr. segmented cluster nf United Tccli-
support. Among them: • Conical segmented solids, developed nology solid rockets as first stage, and
• Rita nuclear-powered transport sys- by United Technology Corp., which the advanced hvdrogcn-oxvgcn engines
tem. proposed by Douglas Aircraft could deliver 2-million-lb. thrust or as second stage. United Technology is

Cnrp., as a reusable interplanetary more by 1964, if the program receiv ed a siihsidiarv of United Aircraft.
spacecraft which could be reads within S150-200 million in funds. Hearings on the booster programs
10 vr. • Uprated Atlas to form the booster began late last montli (AW' Mar. 6.
I I^h-prcssure hydrr^cn-oxygen rocket, stage of an Atlas-G Centaur vehicle, p. 29) vvith government and industry
developed and being evaluated by able to orbit 24.000 lb., compiircd with statements on the Rover nuclear rocket
Pratt & Whitnev. It would be about 8.500-lb. for the first Centaur. James program. These hearings were con-
ABILENE, TEXAS tinued last week concurrently
the same size as the LRl 1 5 Centaur R. Dempsey, General Dynamics vice with
engine envelope, but pcrfotnuincc president and manager of Convair- hearings on space propulsion tech-
Astronautics, said a company proposal nologv. Committee Cliairman Overton
to uprate the .Atlas, not as a weapon hut Brooks (D.-I.n.) said he will schedule
Alias ICBM operational bases and test sites are shovjn in this mop. Operational bases are Fairchild AFB, Spokane. as a space booster, was not accepted bv hearings on the national booster pro-
Washington: Warren AFB, Cheyenne. Wyoming: Ogmi AFB, Omaha, Nebraska: Lincoln AFB, Lincoln, Nebraska: the Air Force. He
also said Saturn gram next month.
Plattsburgh AFB, Plattsburgh, New York: Schilling AFB, Salina, Kansas: Forbes AFB, Topeka, Kansas; Dyess AFB, C-2 development not keeping pace
is Consensus among the industry
Abilene, Texas: Altus AFB, Altus, Oklahoma; Walker AFB, Roswell, New Mexico. Test operations are conducted at vvitli the Dyna-So-ar development witnesses, who commented on the need
Pacific Missile Range, Santa Maria, California; Missile Static Test Site, Boron, California; Sycamore Canyon, San Diego, schedule, and a new booster may be for an integrated program for military
California; Atlantic Missile Range, Cape Canaveral, Florida. needed to launch the Dyna-Soar glider, and civilian launch vehicles, was that
which Dempsev said will weigh 11.500 such a program is necessary in the re-
These assignments involve technical representation to the Air Force lb. Titan 11 launch vehicle earmarked search and development area, hut not
for the Dyna-Soar program can only in operation and should not he man-
FIELD SERVICE i at various operational Atlas ICBM bases. Minimum requirements are
pvit 8.000 lb, in an 80-mi. orbit, he aged bv a single agency.
ENGINEERS | a B.S. in engineering, plus field service, flight test or test engineering .Agreement .also was evident among
• Miniitcman family of launch vehicles, the industry spokesmen that Rover
based on Thiokol Chemical Corp. development must be initiated without
Design or liaison engineers with a B.S. in M.E. or E.E., plus experience Nuclear rocket svstcni, some
BASE XM-55 solid fuel first .stage for the delav.
in electrical or mechanical systems. Work involves liaison or design USAl' Ntimitcman missile. Family officials feci, could be flown as early as
ACTIVATION support on launch control equipment, propulsion systems, automatic would consist of four vehicles, one a 1965 if funding were consistent and
ENGINEERS programming and missile checkout equipment operations. four-stage clustered arrangement able long-range.
immediately to put 25,000 lb. in orbit.
This work involves determination of test requirements and configura- Most advanced version, used with
FLIGHT nuclear and chemical u|vpcr stages, Pan American Ordered
tion, readying vehicle for launch operations, analysis of flight test data,
TEST could orbit 2.1 million lb. in the 1970
and systems performance analysis. A B.S. in A.E., M.E. or E.E. plus period, TTviokol maintains.
To Sell Panagra Stock
ENGINEERS experience in testing and instrumentation required. Concurrent research and develop- Washington-Pan American World
ment approach the iindcnr rocket
in .Airwavs has been ordered by a federal
Write to Mr. R. B. Merwin, Industrial Relations Administrator-Engineering. program could be followed by the of 50^ owner-
court to divest itself its
TECHNICAL OPENINGS Mail Zone 130-90. Convair/ Astronautics. 5655 Kearny Villa Road, San Rita nucleat-powcrcd transport system, ship in Pan American Cmcc Airways,
ALSO EXIST Diego 12. California, f If you lire in the New York area, please contact Mr. described to the spare eomniittee by Dismissing the |nsticc Dc|iartmcnt's
IN OTHER SPECIALTIES Tannonc. Jr., manager of our New York placement office, do General
]. J. R. L. Johnson, chief engineer of anti-trust charges against Panagra Itself

Dynamics. I Rockefeller Plaia, New York City: telephone Circle 5-5034.) Douglas' Missile ami Space Systems and against AV, R. Grace & Co., which
group. owns the other half of Panagra's stock,
Rita-A would be a single stage Judge Ihcnas S. Murphy found that
vehicle, either launched by tire Saturn Pan American's ownership affects free-
S-1 booster or by itself as a single stage. dom of competition and trade. He noted
.A semi-ballistic re-entry configuration, that Pan American's half interest in
would be designed to orbit 1 5,000 lb.
it Panagm was worth about 4.$SF of its
when used as a single stage and 85,000 net income in 1959.
second stage, and to put 10.000 lb.
CONVAIR/ASTRONAUTICS DIVISION OF GENERAL DYNAMICS lb. as

AVIATION WEEK, 13 ,
1961 303
 • NEWS OF THE WEEK • NEWS OF THE WEEK
compass all aviation operations and the-dcck” speed of approximately Mach
USAF Given Larger Space Role Study Committee report recommends
such a step.
Showdown Expected facilities sen ing civil and military needs. 0.92, and some quarters ha\c been re-

The directive states that the scope On Nuclear Aircraft the

Glass is executise vice president of
Empire State Building Corp, Previ-
questing a change to fit more closely
with tlie expected supersonic perform-
As Defense Consolidates Program of preliminary space research done bv
any service “shall be defined bv the
Washington— Sliovulortn the
future of the aircraft nuclear propulsion
on ously, lie
the
was director of aiiation for
Port of New York Authority, presi-
ance proposals incorporated in the de-
signs of several expected bidders (AW
director of defense research and engi-
program expected during a session of
is dent of Air Cargo. Jnc., traffic vice Jan. 9, p. 34). Subcommittee, however,
WasliingtOD— Defense Dcpatlmcnt with payloads developed by the other neering in terms of expenditure limita-
the Joint Congressional Atomic Energy president for Capital .Airlines, counsel ruled at a reant meeting here to leave
last week made Air Force its agent for services. tions and other appropriate conditions."
Committee this week at which top for American Airlines and an attorney the specifications unchanged in order
all space development programs "except 'Ihc new directive now gives it re- Each service will be given limited
under unusual circumstances" and sponsibility for everything beyond pre- amounts for such feasibility studies.
Defense Department and AEC officials with the Civil Aeronautics Board, to avoid dclais such a move might cau.se.
willbe witnesses. Instead, a covering letter from II. G.
tightened control met the number of liminary rcsearcli and up to operational Amounts have not been determined,
After a briefing session last week
projects that will be allowed to advance deployment on future— but not existing nor liavc the ground rules been de-
with technical representatives of Gen-
New Stage Studied Bloss. head of the aircraft section of
NA TO’s production and logistics divi-
bevond the preliminarv testarch stage. -projects. veloped for exactly what work must
Dcfcn.se Sccrctars- ftobert S. McNa- .A memorandum from McNamara to have the research director's sjjccific
eral Electric Co. and the Pratt & For Saturn Vehicle sion, probably will be enclosed with

mara signed a directive (No. 5160.32) Defense and seniee chiefs which was
Whitney Division of United Aircraft the bid invitation emphasizing that anv
approval in the phases that precede
giving USAF the broader development published the
Corp., Rep. Chet Holifield (D.-Calif.), Cluster of six Pratt & Whitney additional performance beyond the
witli directive said actual research and development.
ciiairman of tlic committee, and Rep. LR113 engines, each developing 15.- specifications will be welcomed.
role and requiting review by the director assignment of operational responsi- The directive was drawn bv the
Melvin Price (D.-I11.), chairman of the 000-lb- thrust, is being studied as a
of defense research and engineering and bilities is not predetermined bv which Office of Organization and Manage-
research and dci’clopmcnt subcom- possible upper stage powcrplant system
specific approval by McNamara or service performs the development work, ment Planning, created recentlv ov
mittee, repeated their position that it for the Saturn lehicle. First Tilan Silo Test
Deputy Secretary Roswell Gilpatric and will be made "on a project by McNamara under tlic defense general
before anv project moves into the project as abasis
particular project counsel's office. Service sccictarios and
will take "at least two years" before a
proper technical decision can be made
National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministralion said the study does not
Made at Vandenberg
research and development phase. approaches the operational stage, the Joint Chiefs of Staff offered their
as to whether the General Electric resultfrom delays in development of the Air Force-Martin 'I'itan I missile was
Once this approval is given. USAF and .will take into account ffic
, . opinions on a draft version before the
assumes responsibility competence and experience of each of direct-cycle or the Pratt Whitney & LR119 engine, but is to explore means fired in a silo last week for the first
tor research, final version was signed.
indirect-cycle offers the better approach of increasing upper stage thrust Iciels. time, Tlie cxpcriinait was designed to
development, test and engineering. the services and the unified and McNamara and Gilpatric said that
Exceptions to this will be made "nnlv’ specified commands." tliemethod— review, allow comment to nuclear aircraft propulsion, A cluster of four 17.500-lb. thrust test facility design, especially acoustics.

Tlie congressmen said that mcan- LR119 engines will make up the S-4 Although the Vandenberg AFB,
in unusual circumstances." even though Defense spokesmen refused to sav and then make a decision— and the
wliile they want research and develop- stage of the Saturn. Both 115 and 119 Calif., silo used was designed for the
Navy or Army may have originated the whether a joint operational space com- specific tool used, management
the
ment on both approaches to continue, use liquid liydrogcn and liquid oxygen. Titan II storable fuel ICBM, a Titan I
project. mand is a likely follow-on to the assign- office, illustrate the manner in which
The directive, first reported by ment of development responsibilitv to they propose to administer and operate
particularly on the more advanced GE was used in last week’s test to stiidv
Aviation W'eek (Mar. project which offers the prospect for on the missile
effects of first stage firing
6, p. 26), in- USAF. but the recent Air Force Space tlie Defense Department. Soviets Lose Contact
early flightand the international and on the silo.
creases USAF’s almost complete hold
For the captive mn. a routine engine
prestige that will result.
With Venus Probe
on military space

time strengthened the

as far
services arc concerned, but at the
hands of
as the three
same FAA Responds to Senate Demands In January, President Eisenhower
called for one approach only and re- Washington—Soviet Union lost ra-
shutdown was performed on the Aero-
jet-General engine after it had run a

Defense's research director and the Washington- Senate duced funds for Fiscal 1962 to S68 dio contact with Venus probe after
its few seconds. Tire Titan II silo is 46-ft. 1
-Aviation Sub- try's fatality rate through more efficient
million from the 5150 million a year it had traicled approximately 4 mil- deep, compared with 165 ft. for Titan 1
secretary of defense in controlling and committee demands for greater federal use of existing authority .and equip-
that has been allocated to the program lion mi. Last transmission was received silos, which contain an elevator to raise
directing the size and scope of the concentration upon the problems of air
military space program. safety were reflected last week in a se- Pending possible construction of
over the past several years (AW Jan. Ecb. 27. 15 days after the 1.418-lb. ve- the missile to the surface for launching.

Tliis follows a recommendation of ries of initial steps the Federal Avia- more 23. p- 28) hicle was launched from Sputnik VIII.
airports to handle the traffic flow
the Wiesner task force report to tion Agency is taking to make flying in high density areas. Sen- ,A. S. Xfike If Russian scientists arc unable to re-

President Kennedy (AW establish contact with the probe, they Soviets Orbit Dog,
Jan. 16, p. 26 Montoney, chairman
and Jan. 23, p. 7^), which said: Najeeb E. Halaby, new FAA admin- mittee, suggested that airlines cut back
of tlie subcom- Kennedy Group Will will have failed to test fcasibilitv of Recover it Safely
'Each of the transmitting over interplanetary ranges,
military
Ixigun to create its own independent
services has istrator. said the a^ncy
following steps to improve the safety
is taking the their schedules. His observations met Study Aviation Goals one of the major goals of the launch.
Wasbin|fon—Soviet Russia orbited
with strong objections from the Air another five-ton earth and
space prearam. This presents the record as a direct result of Civil Aero- Transport Assn., which said it favors Washington— President Kennedy has U. S, Pioneer V
probe, launched a
covered a dog and other biological sub-
satellite re-

problem of overlapping programs and nautics Board and congressional inves- handling the problem by improving created a top-level task force to recom- year ago, transmitted data 338.9 hr.
jectsfrom it last week, according to an-
duplication of the work of National tigations of the midair collision be- the present air traffic control system. mend national aviation goals for the over distances up to 22.5 million mi.
nouncements from Moscow. This was
.Aeronautics and Space Administration. tween a Trans W'orld Airlines Super .ATA added that whenever its member next decade. National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
the ninth earth satellite to be bunched
"If the responsibility of all military Constellation and a United Air Lines airlines didreduce schedules, a general The group, which will be headed by ministration, in biweekly satel-
its last
by Russia, the in the fivc-toii
foiirtli
space developments were to be assigned DC-8 over New York last December: rise in non-commercial aviation traffic Fred NL Class, will study “the techni- lite situation report, recorded changes
"spaceship" class intended to carry hu-
to one agency or militarv service within • FAA has called a meeting this vveck was noted at the terminal. cal. economic and military objectives in the probe’s solar orbital elcmcnh
man passengers eventually, and the
the Department of Defense, the seae- with manufacturers of distance meas- Sen. Monroney also told members of of the U.S. government throughout from those given a few days after it
fourth to carrv some form of life,
tary of defense would then be able to uring equipment and will decide later the Air Traffic Controllers Assn, that the broad spectrum of aviation." The was launched. Period now is 300 days,
Sputnik fX' was launched and the ani-
maintain control of the scope and this month whether to make installa- it the FAA does not submit legislation announcement was made by the Presi- compared with the original 288 days. mals recovered on Mar- 9, The dog,
direction of the program and the tion mandatory on jets. to Congress soon on the status of air dent during the swearing-in ceremonies Aphelion is 94.7 million mi-, and peri- named Chemnshka. was reported in
(National Aeronautics and] Space • Lower entry speeds for aircraft ap- traffic controllers during wartime, lie of N. E, Halaby as FAA administrator, helion, 66.7 million mi. Originallv,
Council and would have the responsi- proaching holding patterns are being will personally offer bills spelling out whom the AATiite House described as these elements were 93.5 and 49.8 mil-
were not clear on whether a small cap
bility for settling conflicts of interest consider^ by FAA. tlieir personnel rights during and after . the principal aviation adviser to
.

sule. abrger cabin or the entire space-

betvvccn NASA and tlie Department of • Study of air traffic controller working military service. the President. ."
. .
ship was recovered. The Soviet news
Defense." President Kennedy outlined the pur-
Defense Department spokesmen said
conditions is being accelerated.
• Frequencies and identification abbre-
Such legislation
after Federal Aviation
was called for shortly
Agency was estab- poses of the study, which will be called NATO Rules Against agency Tass said “the experimental space-
ship satellite made a landing in the re-
the directive resulted from the Wiesner
recommendation, reviews conducted
viations of radio check points arc be-
ing reviewed to eliminate any confu-
lished, but
ted to Congress.
it has not yet been submit- Project Horizon, in a letter to Halaby,
stating that the definition of goals is
V/STOL Alterations quired area" of the Soviet Union, and

since McNamara took office, and "oper- sion because of their similarity with During the hearings, the Flight En- "essential if the agencies of the execu- Paris—North Atlantic Treaty Organi- tained the animals. When Sputnik V
ational experience" since Jan. 20 which other points. gineers tive branch are to work effectively to- zation requirements subcommittee has
International Assn, called for was bunched last August, Russia claimed
indicated that military space responsi- Each of the steps cited by F.AA was gether and with the Congress toward ruled against proposed changes in the
uniform design in airctaft cockpits to lecovcty of both an animal capsule and
bilities were "not clearly delineated and strongly recommended by the Senate relieve pilots from performing engineer- common objectives and if the U.S. is bid specifications for a NATO V/STOL a larger cabin from which it had been
delimited." subcommittee, which ended its hear- ing duties and charged that economic to have a safe, efficient, and economical close-support fighter that would have cspellcd. and saidno attempt was made
USAF already had responsibility to ings on air safety last week with a pica pressures on the airlines have resulted national aviation system." stipulated “on-tne-deck" supersonic per- to recover an instrument section of the
develop, produce and launch space that FAA, CAB and the airlines make in different designs, which affect crew The task force sbidv will not include formance. spaceship.
boosters and to integrate its boosters maximum reduce the indus- Present specifications require an "on-
a effort to assignment duties. military combat activities, but will en-

304 AVIATION WEEK, Me 13, 1961

AVIATION <, March 13, 1961
 • NEWS OF THE WEEK • NEWS OF THE WEEK
officers receiving flying pay have not Connally said, but it cannot
difficulty, and placed the Polaris missile in the
CAB Shift Emphasizes actually flown planes themselves for postpone the solution to this problem arsenal of the free world.”
years. In such cases, subordinates do any more. Soviet and Communist The committee directed USAF
International Activity the flying while the officer in question satellite num-
forces arc increasing in Secretary Eugene Znckert to make “a
Washington— Elc\iition of the Ci\il works or rests in the back of tlie plane.” bers, capabilitiesand in mooemization full and
detailed report” on actions
.^cronautics Board’s international staff Of the $183 million. $71 million is of equipment and weapons, and the taken to improve management of mis-
from the division bureau status
level to for actual flight pay and SI12 million Unit^ States must be ready to meet silebase constmetion before hearings

GEAR underscores the increased emphasis the

Board will place on bilateral air trans-
for maintenance and operation of the tliem, tire Navy secretary told the com- start, in about a month, on Fiscal 1962
funds for the program.
Sen. Symington’s attack on US.^F Adm.
ACCURACIES port agreement negotiations.
Under a wide-scale reorganiziition flight pay was one of a scries of speeches naval
Arlcigh
operations,
A.
told
Burke, chief of
the committee
Subsequently, Zuckert said
USAF "is taking action" and that
that

plan, CAB Chairman Alan S. Bovd has now have in operation

IN SECONDS eliminated the Bureau of Air Opera-
criticizing waste
the
and mismanagement
Defense Department and calling
in that the Soviets
a number of submarines believed capa-
"steps under consideration involve or-
ganizational and procedural changes
thorough reorganization. The
TO GOVERN tions and replaced it with a Biiteau of
International Affairs and a Bureau of
for a
Kennedy Administration has taken no
ble of launching ballistic missiles and
that it is almost Soviet
certain the
and measures to expedite settlement of
valid and proper claims of contractors.”
MILLION MILE Economic Regulation. The laHcrbiire.au action on his proposal for reorganization Union is actisely engaged in a nuclear He called the base program "one of
will be licadri by Irving Roth, an asso- of the Defense establishment, including submarine construction proetam. A realaccomplishment.'*’ noting that al-
of Sosiet version of the Na\y s Polaris
FLIGHTS ciate director of the former Bureau of
Air Operations. International Affairs
abolition
secretaries
the individual
(AW Dec. 12, p. 34).
service
firingsubmarine must be expected in
though there will be some slippage in
the early Atlas and Titan sites, con-
Bureau will be headed by foscpli C. General Accounting Office investiga- the near future, he said. struction of the later sites should be on
Watson, also a former associate director tions. Symington said, show "the Tlie Russians have more than 400 schedule.
of BAO, inevitable waste and mismanagement submarines, nearly 200 destroyer-tvpe He anticipated a reduction in change
The new reorganization pattern which result when an organization ships, and about 25 cruisers, and they orders as USAF moves into construc-
When Gears of almost unbeliev- strengthens the role of C.\B Executisc is rooted in the traditions of the ate currently building guided missile tion of Titan II and Minuteman base
able accuracy are required for Director Morris Chertkos' b\' giving pre-nuclear-space age." destrovets carrying surfacc-to-surface systems.
America's newest gloni missiles him Hvo new offices— plans and adminis- Sen. Symington also has accused the missil«, small anti-submarine warfare
tration. Chertkov. «ho has been witli Nav7 of spending over $600 million for and mine vessels and motor patrol craft
designers naturally call upon
Equitable Engineering. The na-
the Board since 19-»7, will be assisted aircraft and equipment "which was equipped with missiles. News Digest
by Robert C. Lester, fonncriv Board incapable of performing the designated
tion's lending industries have secretaiy.who will head the neiv Plans missions.” He said this included pro-
leorned to depend upon Equi- Office. His counterpart, director of the curement of F7U aircraft. $417.2 Air Force Considers Di. Harold Brown, director of the
new Administration Office, had not million;procurement of T2V aircraft, Atomic Energy Commission-University
table to meet their toughest
been named late last week. $139 million; procurement of radar for
Missile Base Czar of California Lawrence Radiation
problems wherever the finest,
The Bureau of Economic Regulation P5M aircraft, $51.6 million; and Washington-.Mr Force is consider- Laboratory, was nominated by Presi-
most exquisite perfection is
procurement of excess engines, $68 ing appointment of a czar to direct dent Kennedy last week to succeed Dr.
will be dii’ided into three sections; its
called for in geors. routes and agreements, .subsidv and million. ICBM base construction program, a Herbert F. York as Director of De-
rates. Routes and agreements is a com- more urged by the House Appropria- fense Research and Engineering. Dr.
bination of two B.^O divisions— routes tions Committee. Brown, 33, a specialist in nuclear
> Gears rolling togetherwith- and special authorities—and svill be un-
Future Forces Traded The committee's recommendation physics, reactor design, nuclear explo-
was the outgrowth of hearings before sions and weapon systems, has sers’ed
in 50 millionths of on inch
der the direction of Jacob Rosenthal.
.Mfrcd Stout will head the rates division,
For Readiness a subcommittee, headed by Rep. Harry on science adsisory committees to the
total composite error, as Washington-Future capabilities of Sheppard (D.-Calif.). at which con- secretary of defense and the President
and Harry Schneider has been named
determined by electronic chief of the subsidv division, the Navy and Marine Corps have been struction contractors complained that and on the Ait Force Space Study Com-
checking equipment. John Adams will become director of "slowly and reluctantly” traded for Air Force has harrassed them with end- mittee (AW Jan. 23, p. 33).
the Bureau of Enforcement, and John present readiness o\er the past three less design changes and delays in de-
'
Design and production of years. Navy Secretary John B. Connally cision-making (AW Mar. 6, p. 30). Robert T. Mutphy was confirmed by
Drs^c has the new job of director of
complete, high precision community relations. told the House Armed Services Com- The contractors have already made the Senate last week as a member of
gear trains guaronteeing mittee last week. claims against the government totalling the Civil Aeronautics Board, replacing
input to output accuracies The Nasy is mosong into the age of orer $116 million over their original John S. Bragdon. Murphv is a former
Symington Says USAF missiles, nuclear power and “very contract bids. special counsel for the Senate Inter-
expensive” space projects without any Air Force explained at the hearings state and Foreign Commerce Commit-
Gear and splined parts
Abuses Flight Pay .ippreciablechange in funding levels, that the changes resulted from its plan
from 2 to 200 diametral WasliingtoD— Sen. Stuart Symington he said. The Polaris ballistic missile of proceeding concurrently with the
(D,-Mo.) criticized the Air Force in a submarine svstem. for example, has constmetion of the missile bases and Air traffic rontrol study group was
pitch.
Senate speech last week for spending an required about 10% of the Navy’s the development and production of the established bv President Kennedv last
estimated S18T million during the cur- annual budget for the last three years, missiles. The Appropriations report week to des’efop a "well conceived plan
Are you experiencing an ac- rent fiscal year on proficiency Eight pav and the percentage will increase in the commented that it "is not at all emtain for managing air traffic, now and in the
curacy problem? Then write, for officers who have little or no reason future. It will also absorb increasing that the Department of the Air Force future." Task force will be headed by
wire or phone Equitable from to maintain their flving proficienev. numbers of highly trained officers and and its contractors ate not using the Richard R. Hough, who will report on
Noting a General Accounting Office enlisted men in technical areas where concurrency requirement to cos'er mis- the studv within the next two months
wherever you are, todoyl
finding that 27.000 out of the 72,000 the Navy is already desperately short, takes in design that should never have to Federal Aviation Agency chief
USAF officers receiving flight pav ate been made.” Najeeb E. Halaby.
either excess to US.AF's requirement for To
cover the increased costs of other A new missile base czar, the com-
flying officers or in assignments which complex weapons systems, including ait mittee said, “should be charged with Gnrmman has a 538-inillion Nas-y
do not require current flving skill. defense, anti-submarine and airaaft the full responsibility fat the successful contract for continued production of

BtH Symington commented;

"Among the 27,000 are officers serv-
attack systems, Connally said the Navy
has been forced to procure fewer ships
prosecution of tills program and given
complete authority to fulfill this re-
the
craft,
W2F-1 early-warning carrier
powered by two Allison T56-A8
air-

ing in budget, motion picture, food, and aircraft, which means that in future sponsibility. The effectiveness of this turboprop engines.
fuel, and electronic data processing years there will be no replacement of tiqie of organization has been clearly
services, and as lawyers, dentists, ships and aircraft now nearing obsoles- demonstrated by the Special Projects Joseph S. Imiric, Carborundum Co.
auditors, chaplains, mathematicians, Office of the Nasw which developed the vice president, will be named assistant
phtsicists, and chemists . . . Many The Navy is not yet in serious fleet ballistic missile weapon system Air Force secretary (materiel). He was

306 307
AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 AVIATION WEEK, 3, 1961
• NEWS OF THE WEEK EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
special assistant to the Air Force under missile, which will be used by the Air Two contractors to be selected from

secretary from 1948 to 1951. Force as well as the Navy. among a 21-company competition for
the Annv’s light observation helicopter
Ryan Aerospace Division will receive
North American X-IS piloted by Maj. (LOII) (AW
Mar. 6, p. 26) will build
Robert White set a speed record for seven aircraft each. Army expects pro-
funding of under 5100.000 from the
manned flight bv teaching 2,905 mph. curement of production models of one
Armv for support of forthcoming
(Mach 4.45) at'an altitude of 76,160 of these two LOH tvpes to be funded
manned flight test of the Rogallo flex-
ft. Mar, 7 over Silver Lake, near Ed- in Fiscal 1964. By 1970 it will have
ible wing glider (AW Feb. 6, p. 55). As
wards .AFB. Calif. The No. 2 X-i 5 3.000 LOIT, according to Maj. Gen.
a helicopter-towed glider. Army esti-
was powered bv an XLR-99, 57,000- R. D. Meyer, Army Office of Chief of
mates that Rogallo glider may he able Ib.-thrust engine which was shut down Transportation.
to carry six times the payload a heli- after 125 sec. of engine burning time.
copter could carry by itself. Purpose of the flight was to obtain tem- SFERMA, subsidiary of Sud Avia-
perature. stability and control data. tion, has begun flight tests with Domicr
W. L, Maxson Corp. has been Nlaximiim tenipciatiirc of inside skin Do. 27 retrofitted with a Turbomeca
chosen as the second production source on the wing was 675F. Maximum alti- Astazou turboprop engine of 440 hp.
for Nar'v-Martin Biillpup air-to-surface tude was 77.000 ft. plus 66 lb. residual thrust. German
STOL aircraft normallv is powered with
275-hp. Lycoming piston engine. Do.27
ictTofit is being carried out bv
SFERM.A under a program financed by
Turbomeca.

Boeing B-52H equipped with Pratt

& Whitney TF-33 tiirbofan engines
made its first flight last week from Mc-
Connell AFB. Wichita. Kan., grossing
NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENGINEERS 330.000 Ih. and faking off within 5,000
ft. of runway, using 70% power.

AND SCIENTISTS DEEPLY INTERESTED

Convair, General Electric and Mar-
tin teams briefed National .Aeronautics
IN OUTER SPACE and Space Administration On their
Project Apollo efforts Mar. 2-3 in a
mid-term review of feasibility studies.

Chance Vought Astronautics Divi-

sion has a S2. 2 5-million National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration con-
tract to construct 42 tanks for five
Saturn boosters (AW Feb. 13, p. 33),
and delivery is to begin in .April. 1962.
Lockheed Georgia Division has a 5335.-
000 contract for Saturn booster pressure
and functional checkout equipment,
with delivery scheduled by July 1,
sion (formerlv Missile Division) is extending its capabilities toward
National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
the eventua! conquest of space. To do this it is necessary to staff the
ministration’s top headquarters and
important projects now under way with scientists and senior engineers
in the disciplines of electronics; physic.s; nuclear, electrical and chemi-
field staffs met last week for the first
time with fames E. Webb, the new
New 727, one of many programs offering rewarding futures for
administrator, at Luray Caverns. Va.
cal propulsion; flight simulation technology, radiation physics, plasma
Similar conferences had previously been STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL AND AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERS
held periodically at Williamsburg, Va-
(ion jirocessitig. and many jnore. These men should have one thing
Hughes Aircraft Co. has a contract
of the yet unexplored workings of (he universe. to provide technical assistance to the

The rule and mission of Space and Information Systems Division is

Martin Co. in activating a Titan ICBM
base at Mountain Home AFB. Idaho.
to aggressively extend its capabilities into any phase of research,
systems management or pruductiun as required in the nation's develop- Max Hymans, honorary chairman of
ing space program. One of man's chief dangers is to allow himself to Air France’s board of directors, died last
become St) caught up with what is happening to him today that lie gives week in Paris after a brief illness.

no thought to what might be happening to him tomorrow. A moment's Navy has found the pilots of a Bra-
lime taken to address a resume or letter of inquiry to Employment RE.AL Airlines DC-3 and a U. S.
zilian
Services, 12214 Lakewood Boulevard, Downey. California, may lead to Navy R6D transport did not cause the
the most exciting and rewarding phase of your careey yet presented. Feb. 25, 1960, midair collision over
Rio dc Janeiro that killed 61 persons.
The report blamed inadequacy of navi-
ational aids, imprecise methods of traf-
SPACE AND INFORM-ATION SYSTEMS DIVISION c control, weattier and errors in judg-
ment by the air traffic controller.

30B AVIATION WEEK, March 13, 1961

 Imporlanl azsigrtmenh open
in Wosh/ngion, 0. C. oreo,
Omafia, Nebrosira, and Ber-

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310 AVIATION WEEK, Mofch 13, 1901 AVIATION WEEK, Morch 13, 1961 311
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AVIATION WEEK, March J3, 1961 AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961 315
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316 AVIATION WEEK, 13, 1961

 The Air Force’s Allas ICBM
is standing ready

at Vandenberg and Warren

Air Force Bases.

ooo
Let everyone

reineinljer that!

CONVA.IR