D.

CAVITIES ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF SURFACES INVOLVED

1. Simple caries When the lesion is confined to a single surface

2. Compound caries when two surfaces are involved

Compound Caries Lesion not joined

Compound caries Lesion joined

3. Complex caries when three or more surfaces are involved

Complex caries Lesion not joined

Complex caries Lesion joined

NON CARIOUS TOOTH DEFECTS TERMINOLOGY

1.

Abrasion abnormal tooth surface loss resulting from direct friction forces between the teeth and external objects or from frictional forces between contacting teeth components in the presence of abrasive medium (a) improper tooth brushing techniques (b) habits holding pipe stem by the teeth (c) tobacco chewing (d) use of toothpicks toothbrush abrasion sharp, V-shaped notch in the gingival portion of the facial aspect of the teeth.

Clinical Features:

loss of tooth structure at site of wear sensitivity possible

Etiology:
repetitive mechanical habit; using a hard

toothbrush, improper brushing technique along the gumline, grinding or chewing hard objects or food Treatment:
prevention; restoration, fluoride applications

and tooth-colored bonding. Prognosis:

Once the gums begin to recede, root surfaces

become exposed and sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures soon follow.

 On a dental

radiograph, tooth brush abrasion appears as a welldefined horizontal radiolucency along the cervical region of a tooth (see red arrows). Clinically, the areas affected by abrasion appear as hard, highly polished defects in dentin and should not be confused with root caries that appears brown and leathery.

2. Erosion is the wear or loss of tooth surface by chemicomechanical action. - regurgitation of stomach acids - habitual sucking of lemons

3. Attrition mechanical wear of the incisal or occlusal surface as a result of functional or parafunctional movements of the mandible. - affects proximal contact areas

Attrition

4. Abfraction microfractures occur as the cervical area of the tooth flexes under loads.

Clinical Features:

wedge-shaped notching at cervical areas of

involved teeth adults

Etiology: biomechanical forces on teeth Treatment: restoration; may not require treatment Prognosis: Once the enamel is gone, then dentin is exposed and the teeth are more susceptible to decay, sensitivity and more wearing down.

 Note that abfraction is different

abfraction

than toothbrush abrasion with which it is often confused. Toothbrush abrasion is caused by overbrushing with a hard bristle toothbrush, while abfraction is caused by excessive pressure applied to the teeth by severe bruxing habits. While abfraction tends to be a "dished out" defect, toothbrush abrasion tends to be a "notch" in the tooth surface just above the gumline.

abrasion

5. Fractures a. incomplete fracture not directly involving vital pulp greenstick fracture b. complete fracture not involving vital pulp c. fracture involving vital pulp

6. Nonhereditary enamel hypoplasia - occurs when the ameloblasts are injured during enamel formation - seen on anterior teeth and first molars; opaque white or light brown areas with smooth intact hard surface

7. Amelogenesis imperfecta - enamel is defective either in form or calcification as a result of heredity 8. Dentinogenesis imperfecta - hereditary condition in which dentin is defective

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta.

G. V. BLACKS CLASSIFICATION OF CARIES

Class l
Carious lesions that

are located in pits and fissures of the occlusal surfaces of molars and premolars, occlusal 2/3 of the buccal and lingual surfaces of molars, and the lingual surface of anterior teeth.

Class 1

Class ll
Carious lesions

that are located on the proximal surfaces of premolars and molars.

Class 2

Class lll
Carious lesions

that are located on the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth that do not involve the incisal angle.

Class lV
Carious lesions

that are located on the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth involving the incisal angle.

Class V
Carious lesions

that are located on the gingival 1/3 of the facial and lingual surfaces of both anterior and posterior teeth.

Class Vl
Cavities on the incisal edges and cusp tips.

bp

dbp
db dp dl
b
d p

mbp mp
m

mp ml

dlp

mlp

lp

incisal axio incisal

li
axio lingual

a g

la

axio labial/facial

axio linguo gingival

axio gingival

axio labio gingival

linguo gingival

labio/facio gingival

mi

ami
i axio mesial

ai

di

adi

g
mg amg ag dg

adg

axio distal