GAJENDRA SINGH CHOUHAN

Accident Defined
An event
which is Unplanned, Undesired, Unexpected and Uncontrolled & which may or may not result in damage to property or injury to a person in the course of the employment

Why Prevent Accident ?

 Human Legal Economic

 NO ACCIDENT EVEN THOUGH ACCIDENT POTENTIAL IS THERE NEAR-MISS ACCIDENT

ACCIDENT - NO DAMAGE OR INJURY

ACCIDENT - DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT, MATERIAL OR PROPERTY ACCIDENT - INJURY TO PERSON/S AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT, MATERIAL OR PROPERTY

ORIGIN OF FAULTS HUMAN FAILURE UNSAFE ACTS UNSAFE CONDITION

ACCIDENT
INJURY

Causes Of Accidents

Unsafe Act on the part of Persons

88 %

Unsafe Mechanical / Physical Condition

10 %

Natural Calamities

2%

98 % OF THE ACCIDENTS CAN BE PREVENTED.

H.W. HEINRICH (GERMANY) -1931

O.003% OF ALL ACCIDENT PRODUCE MAJOR INJURIES 08.8% OF ALL ACCIDENT PRODUCE MINOR INJURIES 90.9% OF ALL ACCIDENT PRODUCE NO INJURY

1 MAJOR INJURY

29
MINOR INJURIES

300
NO INJURY ACCIDENTS

Major, Minor & Near Miss Accidents

MAJOR ACCIDENT

29

MINOR ACCIDENTS NO DAMAGE OR NO INJURY CASES

300

Reportable Accident

An Injury Causing Disablement Extending 48 Hours Beyond the Day or Shift on Which the Accident Occurred

Minor < 48 hrs

Major > 48 hrs up to 20 days

The Approach
Reactive Approach Accident Injury / Damage
Causatives Safety

Proactive Approach Safety

Causatives Accident Injury / Damage

IDENTIFYING THE RISK

ELEMINATING UNSAFE ACTS ELEMINATING UNSAFE CONDITION

Anatomy Of An Accident

The 4 Components
The Accident
Result of the accident Immediate Causes of Accidents

Contributing Causes of accidents

The Accident
Fall Slip Collapse Collision Being caught in or between Eruption, Explosion Burn

Results Of the Accident

Annoyance Production Delays Reduction in Quality Spoilage Damage to property Minor Injuries Disabling Injuries Fatality

Immediate Causes Of Accidents

PPEs provided but not used

Hazardous method of handling

Improper tools or equipments

Contributing causes
Inadequate codes or standards Failure by management to enforce the safety rules and regulation Faulty design or lack of maintenance Inadequate PPEs Lack of safety awareness and training Emotional stability and temperament +/Poor physical conditions viz. fatigue,deafness,poor eyesight so on and so forth

Accident Control steps

RISK IDENTIFICATION
RISK QUANTIFICATION

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

IF RISK IS ACCEPTABLE EVALUATE THE RISK TAKE NECESSARY PRECAUTIONS

CONTINUE

IF RISK IS UN-ACCEPTABLE DISCONTINUE AND TAKE NECESSARY ACTION.

REDUCE RISK TO AN ACCEPTABLE LEVEL CONTINUE

Safety Performance
Job-Hazard Analysis Enforcement of safety rules Adequate Knowledge on safety Promotion of employee participation in safety Development of safe working conditions

On job safety training Adequate safety indoctrination Safety promotions and publicity Employee participation in safety programme Regularly scheduled safety meetings

Physical condition Of Person

Periodic examinations / reexaminations Proper job placement Adequate medical facilities Check for physical conditions of the workers on all transfers and change in jobs,shifts.

How are accidents Caused

3 Root Causes of Accidents

Technical equipment
Working Environment Worker

Other deficiencies leading to mishaps

Lack of aptitude for the work Lack of certain skills and coordination A Possible literacy problem Attitude or Personality problem Alcohol or drug problem Personal life stresses

A look at some dangerous occurrences

 Bursting of a Vessel used for containing Steam under pressure greater than Atmospheric Pressure, other than plant which comes within the scope of the Indian Boiler Act. Collapse or failure of a Crane, Derrick Winch, Lift, Hoist or other appliances used in raising or lowering persons or goods, or any part there of, or the overturning of a Crane.

Explosion, Fire, bursting out, leakage or escape of any molten metal, hot liquor or gas causing bodily injury to any person or damage to any part or portion of the factory in which persons are employed or damage to any Plant Machinery or Material. Explosion of a receiver or container used in any process , or for storage at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, or any gas or any gases including air or any liquid or any solid.

Collapse or subsidence of any floor, gallery, roof, bridge, tunnel, chimney, wall or building forming part of a factory or within the compound or cartilage of factory.

Causes of these accidents

1] Planning & Organization 2] Defects in technical planning 3] Fixing unsuitable time limits 4] Assignment of work to incompetent contractors 5] Insufficient or defective supervision. 6] Lack of co-operation between different crafts

Execution of the work

Constructional defects Use of unsuitable building materials Defective processing of building materials Other defects

Equipment
@ Lack of necessary equipment

@ Use of unsuitable equipment

@ Constructional defects in equipment @ Lack of safety devices or measures @ Maintenance Of Equipments

Management and conduct of work

1] Inadequate preparation of work 2] Inadequate examination of equipment

3] Inadequate instructions concerning the work

4] Employment of unskilled or insufficiently trained workers 5] Inadequate supervision of work

Workers behavior
Irresponsibility Unauthorized action Carelessness
Detailed risk analysis are required to prevent accidents, as one accident may have several causes.

Frequency Rate

FR

Total No. of Reportable Accidents ----- ----------------------------------------- X 106 Total Man hours Worked

Severity Rate

SR

Man days lost due to Reportable accident --------------------------------------------------X 106 Total Man hours Worked

Accident Rate

AR

Frequency rate x Severity rate ________________________ Risk Index

Comparative Index of Hazard Rating.

Risk Index:

Fatality Rate Fatality Rate =

NO OF WORKMEN ENGAGED **

-----------------------------

NO OF FATALITY

X 100000

WORKING DAYS /YEAR X 10 HOURS/DAY

Uniformly followed by all countries.

** TOTAL MANHOURS WORKED ----------------------------------------

SAFETY PERFORMANCE

FREQUENCY RATE
5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 9697
Source L&T

4.36

3.89

1.86 1.21 0.88

1.60 1.06 0.59 0.45 0405

9798

9899

9900

0001

0102

0203

0304

Accident Cost
1] Direct Cost 2] Indirect Cost
The direct cost is as good as a tip of an Ice -Berg

DIRECT COST

INDIRECT COST

DIRECT COST FOR WORKERS

The pain & suffering of the injury or illness The loss of income The possible loss of a job Health-care cost Family sufferings

DIRECT COST FOR EMPLOYER Medical & compensation payments Payment of work not performed Repair or replacement of damaged m/c & equipment Reduction or a temporary halt in production

Cont

Increased training expenses & administration cost Possible reduction in the quality of work Negative impact on moral in other workers

INDIRECT COST FOR EMPLOYER

The injured/ ill worker has to be replaced
A new worker has to be trained & given time to adjust

It takes time before the new worker is producing at the rate of the original worker

Preventable Accidents, if not prevented due to our negligence,is nothing short of a murder.