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Beams
What is a Beam? Horizontal structural member used to support horizontal loads such as floors, roofs, and decks.
Types Of Beams
Beams are basically categorized on two basis
On support configuration
Loading
What is Loading? Loading is the process in which loads are applied on Beam which causes Bending Moment and shear Force in Beams.
Live Load
Moving loads
Wind Load
Loads due to wind
Snow Load
Load due to snow fall
Seismic Load
Effect due to earthquakes
Concentrated Load
Distributed Load such type of load which is equally or unequally distributed over the whole beam or on the some part of beam.
Supports of Beams
Supports are basically used to support the weight of load acting on beam. These supports show the reaction which are equal and opposite to the applied load.
Types of Supports
There are different types of supports given As;
Roller Support
(1 reaction force)
Pinned Support
(2 reaction forces)
Fixed Support
(3 reaction forces)
Symmetrical beams. In symmetrical beam both reactions are equal and is equal to half of the total load. Unsymmetrical beams. In this unknown reactions can be find out by finding the moment by all the forces about a point and equating there sum equal to zero
CONTENTS:
Shear Force Bending Moment Shear Force Diagram(S.F.D) Bending Moment Diagram(B.M.D)
Bending Moment: It is the algebraic sum of the moment of the forces to the left or to the right of the section taken about the section .
The bending moment is zero on the free ends of cantilever and over hanging beam. Bending moment is also zero on the ends of simply supported beam. The bending moment is maximum on the fixed end of the cantilever beam. Bending force is maximum at the point where shear force changes its sign.
NUMERICAL PROBLEM :
Draw shear force and bending moment diagram of the given beam
SOLUTION
B.M.D
In B.M.D the point load is shown by inclined line while the UDL is shown by upper curve.
INERTIA
o Resistance offered by a body or structure against external forces is known as INERTIA.
o If resistance offered by structure is large then it will be safe otherwise body or structure will lead to failure.
MOMENT OF INERTIA
DEFINITION: The product of area of body or structure and square of distance between centroid and reference axes is known as MOMENT OF INERTIA. It is also known as second moment of area. REASON: Because distance(between centroid and refernce axes) is double times multiplied with area of structure. It is denoted by M.O.I or I. UNIT: Its unit is m^4 or cm^4 or inch^4 depending upon the system of units used.
EXAMPLE
Find the moment of inertia about the x axis. Of the following figure: SOLUTION:
APPLICATIONS OF BEAMS
oBeams are used everywhere where horizontal support is required. oIt takes the load and transfer to the columns or load bearing walls. oUsed for frame structure of building. oUsed in bridges for supporting the slabs beneath it as a frame structure.