Textile Spinning to Finishing Process

Business English Program Institute of Business Administration (IBA)

Submitted By : M. Tauqeer Ahmad
Submitting Date: 2012

Introduction
Textile industry is important part of Pakistan's

economy. It contributes more than 60% to the total export earnings of the country, accounts for 46% of the total manufacturing and provides employment to 38% of the manufacturing labor force. The availability of basic raw material for textile industry, cotton, has played a principal role in the growth of the industry. On the other hand, Pakistan fourth largest cotton producer.

Basic Fibers

Cotton

Wool

Silk Linen Lycra

Viscose

Polyester

Nylon

Acrylic

 Fiber types

Classification based on physical nature

Staple fibers Cotton, Wool, Linen, etc.
Filaments Silk, Lycra etc. Micro deniers

Staple Fiber & Filaments

Fiber Properties
Wool- Comfortable, Good to feel, Versatile, Lightweight, Good insulator, Wrinkle-resistant, Absorbent, Durable(Like TWEED).

Cotton- Comfortable, Breathable, Machinewashable, dry-cleanable, Good strength, Drapes well, Soft hand, Absorbent, Wrinkle. Silk- Soft & Crisp hand, Luxurious & Drapes well, Thinnest
of all natural fibers, Hand-washable or dry-cleanable, Poor resistance to prolonged exposure to sunlight

Fiber Properties .. contd

Polynosic - Drapes well, Excellent luster, Breathable, Can be dyed in bright colors, Characteristic: Hazy appearance.

Polyester - Strong, Crisp, soft hand, Resistant to stretching and shrinkage, Washable or dry-cleanable, Quick drying, Resilient, wrinkle resistant, excellent pleat retention (if heat set), Easy care.

Woven Fabric Manufacturing Cotton system

Spinning
Yarn

Weaving
Greige fabric

Wet Processing
Finished fabric

Inspection

Packed fabric

Spinning
Plucking & Cleaning

Blow room
Carding Combing Draw frame Simplex Ring frame

Yarn

Plucking.
Initially cotton

bales are manually opened and are put in machines for mix-up & separate the bales into smaller denominations. cotton is then transferred into the Blow Room.

The separated

Blow Room
The Blow Room is a

facility, which is primarily used for the Cleaning, Mixing and Opening of cotton for yarn production.

Carding Department
The main

function of this department is to transform the cotton into Sliver.

Combing
Function of this

department is to transform the cotton Sliver in to more fine and inject the raw material and also putting short fiber to get more longer fiber for durability.

Draw Frame
The function of the

Draw Frame, blends multiple roving into one fiber. The draw frame results in strong.

Simplex
The main

processes involved are Grafting (compact), Twisting and Winding the sliver and shaping it like a thin rope.

Ring frame
This is function

where the yarn is finally produced. Main objective of the machines here is again Grafting, Twisting & Winding. Once the cotton thread is produced it is collected in the form of Bobbin.

Spinning Laboratory
The second important

section of the spinning facility is the Test Laboratory which is mainly responsible for the inspection and testing of the cotton samples and monitoring Yarn Count Yarn Strength Sliver Test Check Machinery Faults etc.

Material-Blending
Blended YARN

Cotton 33%

Polyester 67%

Polyester Cotton

Finishes

Fabric
Weaves

Warp n Weft

Yarn on 2 sides of Fabric Warp (Vertical)

end

Weft (Horizontal) pick

Fabric-Weave representation
.

Warp yarns (Blue)

Selvage (Yellow)

Weft yarns (Red)

Plain weave - Max no. of interlacements

Types of Twill weave - Diagonal patterns on surface

Twill (LHT)

Herringbone (Broken Twill)

Gabardine

Chambray

White Weft Yarn

Colour Warp Yarn

Gives

a two tone look Used in : All types of garments History : Named after Chambray
province in France

Corduroy

Used in : Bottom wear and outerwear

Benefit

: Hardwearing fabric for outdoor wear

Warmth providing fabric

History : Named after Corde Du Roi, French for - Cloth of King

Denim

Twill Chambray - Indigo dyed Warp & Undyed Weft Used in: Jeans - heavy weights

Outerwear - heavy weight Shirts / Tops - Bottom

Benefit: History:

Hard wearing

Trendy

Named after a place in France called Diemes.

Weaves

Fabric

Finishes

Wet Processing
Desizing

Singeing
Bleaching Mercerising

Padding & development - types of Dyes

Stenter & Finishing Calendaring, Peaching, etc

Desizing & Singeing

Bleaching & Mercerizing

Calendaring, Peaching,

Stenter
Process Involved Stable fabric & Control of size / weight as well. Some other treatment can be add.

Types of Dyeing
Top dyeing - P/V, Melanges

Yarn dyeing Beam Dyeing - Denims Fabric dyeing

Piece dye, Cross dye Dispels Dye for CVC fabrics Reactive Dye Sulfur Dye ( blocked due to Azo free)

Garment dyeing
Printing - Block, Screen, Rotary, Flocking, Burn outs, Laser

Cotton & Dispels Dying

Washes and Finishes

A process by which finished garments are put into huge washers and
treated with chemicals to get the required effect.
Softener Enzyme Sueding (Softness)

Resin, Non-iron
Stain repellent / Soil release Anti Bacterial & Anti Static (Flame Retardant) Wicking / Quick dry Denim washes - Bleach, Stone, Acid, Sandblasting

Types of Washes

Softner Wash
This is the simplest type of wash. Does not use enzymes Not harsh on the garment.

Stone wash:

Used on trousers to get the faded look.

Enzyme wash Sand wash Carbon Wash Bio Polish/Wash Etc.

Design Engraving
Designing and

Engraving are two very essential and fundamental processes before the printing process.

Printing
Pigment

Printing. Pigment

printing include the application of pigment dyes on the surface of the fabric. These dyes form a thin film on the surface of the fabric. The fixation of the dyes is then done through curing.

Reactive

Printing. Reactive
dyes react with the fibers of the fabric, once applied to give the desired shades. The fabric is then dried and washed so the dyes are fixed and the unfixed dyes are removed

Remarks & Conclusion

Some areas should be considered, Technology enhancement in Equipments as well as product. Improve the new global fashion knowledge Implementation of total quality management system as envisaged in ISO 9001/2000, JC Penny System etc. Knowledge of basic tools used in Textile/Apparel sector. Govt. support & policies for upgradation.

THANK YOU