A SATELLITE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE FOR A MEO CONSTELLATION IN A GLOBAL PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY VANI DEVI.P S1 M-TECH ROLL NO:35

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Introduction Network Architecture Call Routing Scenarios Network Mobility Management Handover Types MAGSS-14 characteristics Advantages Limitations Applications Conclusion References

INTRODUCTION

A mobile satellite system consists of :a ground segment (GS) and a space segment (SS) SS-relates to satellites characteristics& type of orbits used

Continued
GS user terminal (UT), primary earth station(PES), primary earth station controllers (PES/c), inter networking with fixed n/ws & Public Land mobile Networks (PLMNs)

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

UTs interface with user & PESs interface with terrestrial n/ws Main task of satellite resource managemant is located at PES/cs At any time satellite will be under the control of a single PES/c During a hand over transaction two PES/cs from two different PES/cLs are involved

Continued

PES/cL layout

Network Architecture

Whole n/w is supervised by NMC(Network Management Centre) PES/cs have distributed control functions NMC will act only in case of unexpected situations Each PES/cL contains DB(DataBases) DBs handle the mobility management and authentication functions

Call Routing Scenarios

4 call routing scenarios (1)b/w two UTs visible from same PES/c (2)b/w two UTs not visible from same PES/c (3)b/w UT & fixed phone not visible from the same PES/c (4)b/w UT & fixed phone visible from same PES/c

(1) Call involving two UTs visible from the same PES/c

(2) Call involving two UTs not visible from the same PES/c

When a call between UTs involves more than one PES/c,there are two possibilities When both PES/cs belong to the same PES/cL:delay in the terrestrial links is very small

When both PES/cs belong to different PES/cL

(3) Call involving a UT and a fixed phone not visible from the same PES/cL

(4) Call involving a UT and a fixed phone visible from the same PES

N/w Mobility Management

Three procedures:Location registration, Paging and Hand over Location registration is the action taken by UT to inform the VLR and eventually the HLR about its position in the network to allow the possibility of routing mobile terminated calls Paging relates to the procedures that the network must perform to contact a UT in a certain location Area (LA)in case of UT terminated calls

Trade Off between Paging and LA

Less paging of UT is required if n/w knows the UTs position with more certainity (small LA). For small LA size more location registrations are required. So the size of the LA is directly related to the amount of signalling in the network

Location Area size trade off

Location Area,satellite ID,spot beam ID

VLRs store the sat ID for each UT that is registered with a specific satellite. To facilitate handovers the separation of the information related to each satellite is made in the VLR PES/c ID is not necessary in this case since the UTs need not know which PES/c is controlling it. HLR contains the PES/c ID

Registration

All satellites broadcast their ID (SAT ID) in a specific channel SBCCH (Satellite Broadcast Control CHannel) UT switched onsearches for all possible broadcast channelsextracts SAT ID & parameters of the best channelskeeps a list of best broadcast channels in volatile memory(for hand over purposes)UT registers with the best visible satellitePES/c informs VLR & HLR accordingly

Location Update

UT periodically measures the quality of received channels from visible satellitesdetects a better channel received from another satelliteinitiates a location updatesends the new SAT ID to the VLRasks old VLR the permission to register the UT & transfer all the data related to the UTinforms HLR if it is in a new PES/cL

Handover

Handover is an operation that a mobile network must support to avoid a call being interrupted when a UT is no longer visible from a Base Station (Spot beam of a satellite ) Two types:- (1) hand over of a UT (2) hand over of a satellite

(1) Handover of a UT

UT must keep measuring periodically the quality of the received broadcast channels from several visible spot beams. This enables the network to decide when a handover is required After handover ,a terrestrial link between PES/cLs is used. If there is no available channels in the new spot beam, another spot beam must be tried. Limited time is a limitation.

(2) Handover of a satellite

A signalling between PES/cs is necessary. The satellite resource information (SRS) must be transferred from old PES/cL to the new PES/cL. To avoid the hand over of many calls,a time interval during which the resources management of the satellite is made by the new PES/cL,while the old calls remain through the old PES/cL. If a call lasts longer than the mentioned interval,a handover is necessary.

MAGSS-14

Advantages

Large coverage area Flexible N/w Services Global connectivity Multimedium applications Best handover

Limitations

Delay & Doppler effect Low link margin Spectrum & orbit matters

Applications

In navigation In remote sensing In telephone Data communication

Conclusion
A network architecture for MEO constellation has been identified and shown that a minimum of six PES/cLs is required to enable a total control of satellites.Due to limitations of power & G/T, the communication between two UTs directly through a satellite is not allowed.A UT to UT call is carried out through a PES/c & never through a PES.A mobility management scheme &several handover types have been identified.

REFERENCES