Introduction to Occupational Safety & Health

Fairus Muhamad Darus Saito College

Outline of Lecture
OSH in historical perspective Objective of OSH OSH in laws in Malaysia OSH in Malaysia perspective

Occupational Safety and Health

What is occupational safety and health?

Occupational Safety and Health definition:

Occupational safety and health is a

cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment

Occupational Safety and Health should aim for:

The promotion and

maintenance
of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations.

Occupational Safety and Health should aim for:

The prevention among workers of

adverse effects on health caused by

their working conditions.

Occupational Safety and Health should aim for:

The protection

of workers in their employment from

risks resulting from factors adverse to health.

HISTORY OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH (OSH)

Early recognition of OSH :

Occupational Diseases 1473 A German physician (Ellenborg) published the first

known pamphlets on Occupational

disease

from gold miners.

1556 - German scholar, Agricola, described the

diseases of miners.

Early recognition of OSH :

Occupational Diseases 1713 - Ramazzini, who is regarded as the father of occupational medicine, suggested that in diagnosis doctors should ask

patients about their occupations.

HISTORY OF OSH IN MALAYSIA

History of OSH in Malaysia

Boiler Safety Era Machinery Safety Era Industrial Safety Era Industrial Safety and Health Era

Occupational Safety and Health Era

HISTORY OF OSH IN MALAYSIA:

BOILER SAFETY ERA

History of OSH in Malaysia:

Boiler Safety Era

Occupational in Safety and Health duties are the first carried out in Malaysia in the year 1878, where Mr. William Givan was appointed as

Machinery Inspector.
He was assigned to check the

safety of

the boiler when is mainly used in tin mines.

The first Legal boiler enactment is Selangor

Boiler Enactment 1892.

History of OSH in Malaysia:

Boiler Safety Era

At around the 1890s, the Perak state government has implemented inspection system by individuals, which a person qualifications in the field of steam boilers is licensed to be a boilers

surveyor.
In 1892 there were 83 steam boilers in Perak. The Boiler Surveyor system was discontinued in 1900

as C. Finchman appointed as Inspector

of

boiler.
In Perak, Legislation was first enacted in 1903.

History of OSH in Malaysia:

Boiler Safety Era

In 1908 the State's thenFederated Malay States (Perak, Selangor, Pahang and Negeri Sembilan) legislation has their own boilers, and all the examiners at that time known as the Inspector

of boiler.

HISTORY OF OSH IN MALAYSIA:

MACHINERY SAFETY ERA

History of OSH in Malaysia:

Machinery Safety Era

At 1st. January 1914, enactments of the steam boiler in the
Malay States was repealed and replaced with Machinery

Enactment of 1913.
Enactment of 1913, inspectors were not only inspection of steam boilers, but also on other machinery, including: - internal combustion engines, - water turbines and - related auxiliary equipment installation.

History of OSH in Malaysia:

Machinery Safety Era

At the same time the position of Boiler Inspector also abolished and replaced by the

Inspectors of Machinery and Assistant Inspector of Machinery.

History of OSH in Malaysia:

Machinery Safety Era

In 1932, Machinery Enactment of 1913 was repealed and replaced with Machinery

Enactment of 1932.

Inspection and registration and inspection of the installation were enforced. The inspectors of machinery is in under the administration of the Mines

Department

(Machinery branch).
This was because most of the machinery concentrated in the mining sector at that time.

HISTORY OF OSH IN MALAYSIA:

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY ERA

History of OSH in Malaysia:

Industrial Safety Era

Machinery Branch is under the Department of Mines until 1952. Branch Machinery (Machinery) has been separated from the Department of Mines and assumed the name of the

Machinery Department.
Separation is necessary because most of the developed examination outside of the mining industry.

In 1953, all machinery used in the enactment has been repealed

and replaced with Machinery

Ordinace 1953.

History of OSH in Malaysia:

Industrial Safety Era

With the enforcement of Ordinance 1953, the role of the examiner is not more focused on the safety of boilers or machinery, but also include the safety factories where machinery was used. Ordinance 1953 has a shortfall

of workers in

in the health

aspects workers even though there are regulations on

safety, health and workers under the ordinance, but its not fully enforced.

HISTORY OF OSH IN MALAYSIA:

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ERA

History of OSH in Malaysia:

Industrial Safety and Health Era

In 1967, the Factories approved by Parliament.

and Machinery Act was

In 1970, the Factories and Machinery Act and eight regulations made under it were enforced. Machinery Ordinance 1953 was repealed and the name of the department was changed the Factories

and

Machinery Department.

History of OSH in Malaysia:

Industrial Safety and Health Era

The inspectors who enforce the Act called Inspector

of

Factories and Machinery.

This Act is designed to overcome lacking found in the Machinery Ordinance 1953, in terms of scope of coverage of workers, where workers

in the

workplace is no machinery are also covered.

HISTORY OF OSH IN MALAYSIA:

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ERA

History of OSH in Malaysia:

Occupational Safety and Health Era

Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) has been approved by the Parliament in 1993 and
was gazetted on February 1994. This legislation was made in view of the Factories and Machinery 1967 only covers occupational safety and health in the sector manufacturing, mining and quarrying and construction, which safety and health of workers in the other industries do not covered.

History of OSH in Malaysia:

Occupational Safety and Health Era

Factories and Machinery Act 1967

24% 90%

Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994

History of OSH in Malaysia:

Occupational Safety and Health Era

Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 is aimed to foster and promote safety awareness among health workers and also create organization with effective safety and health regulations. This is done through self-regulation scheme that relevant to the industry or related organizations.

Tragedy Bright Sparklers, Sg Buluh (May 1991)

On 7 May 1991 at about 3.45 pm a new product was being tested close to chemicals which had been dried. Fire sparks and smouldering casing fragments flew in many directions. Some fragments flew towards the inside of the canteen The canteen contained thousands of finished and semifinished products Fire spread, causing an explosion, which caused the rockets to fly everywhere, spreading the fire to other places and buildings The fire and explosion destroyed the entire factory. In the tragedy, 23 people lost their lives and 103 sustained injuries.

Tragedi Mercun Bright Sparklers, Sg Buluh (Mei 1991)

Tragedi Mercun Bright Sparklers, Sg Buluh (Mei 1991)

Tragedi Mercun Bright Sparklers, Sg Buluh (Mei 1991)

HISTORY OF OSH IN MALAYSIA:

SUMMARY

History of OSH in Malaysia

Boiler Safety Era

Boiler Enactment 1908

Machinery Safety Era

Machinery Enactment of 1913

Industrial Safety Era

Machinery Ordinace 1953

Industrial Safety and Health Era

Factories and Machinery Act 1967

Occupational Safety and Health Era

Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994

Occupational Safety and Health fundamental:

people

mental

physical

well-being of workers social

work

environment

Occupational Safety and Health fundamental:

Works plays a central role in peoples lives. Most workers spend at least 8 hours a day in workplace. Therefore, work environments should be safe and healthy.

Every day workers all over the world are faced with multitude of health hazards, such as: Dust Gases Noise Vibration Extreme temperatures

The majority of workplace accidents are caused by human factors rather than by machine faults.

88%
6%

inadequate supervision or management of safety issues.

human factors

machines and workplaces layout

4%

workplaces environmental factors

2%

unavoidable natural events

Kapal Tangki Bunga Alpinia, Jeti Petronas Mega Methanol Labuan (27/07/12)