MM-50 QUIZ-1-BASICS ON IC ENGINES

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A DI AND A IDI ENGINE? IN ONE CYCLE HOW MANY POWER STROKES WILL A TWO STROKE AND A FOUR STROKE ENGINE PRODUCE? NAME THE FOUR STROKES OF THE FOUR STROKE ENGINE? WHAT ARE THE THREE IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOCK? WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CRANKSHAFT?

BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON IC ENGINES

Different Terminologies and Definitions Metric HP: In countries where Metric units are used, one hp is usually written as 1 Ps (pferdestarke). 75 Kp. Load is pulled to 1 meter height in one second 1 Ps = 75 kpm/s. Both metric and imperial HP are now often converted into KW. Which are becoming universal measurements of power. 1 hp 100hp 100ps 100 Kw 1.0139ps 101.387 ps 98.36 hp 134.10 hp 0.7457 kw 74.57 Kw 73.55 Kw 136.33 ps

Testing Standards The following test standards are mostly followed: 1. 2. 3. 4. DIN 70020 (Germany) BS AU 141a (U.K) SAE 3270 (SAE/USA) Indian Standard

CUT MODEL OF DIESEL ENGIENS

Parts of A Diesel Engine

Injector
Turbocharger Compressor Water Pump Alternator Fuel Pump Starter Motor Cylinder Head

Crankshaft
Crank Pulley

Lub Oil Sump Cylinder block Lub. Oil Pump

CYLINDER BLOCK
The block is a cast housing for all the major engine components. It is the central component fitted to Cylinder head Timing Case Sump

Flywheel Housing.

The block provides three main functions.

1.Cooling: Water galleries within the block casting supply a flow of coolant around each cylinder bore, through the flame face and into the cylinder head. 2.Lubrication: Drilled oil galleries throughout the block transfer oil to lubricate all parts of the engine.

3.Stability: Blocks maintain their shape and size under a variety of temperature and loads.

CRANKSHAFT
The crankshaft transfers power and torque generated by the engine cylinders.
It also supplies lubricant from the main to the big end bearings through lubrication drillings in the crank ( and in most cases to the small end bearings through the connecting rod.)

Lubrication drills in the crank

CONNECTING ROD

VALVE TRAIN

Valvetrain

Engines are classified into two types based upon the combustion:

Internal Combustion Engine

External Combustion Engine

Internal Combustion Engine:

The combustion of the fuel takes place inside the engine ie. In combustion chamber / cylinders and power produced. Internal Combustion Engines are further classified into Direct injection & Indirect injection Engines.

Direct Injection:
Air swirls around the piston bowl. The swirl pattern is determined by the inlet port. The fuel is directly injected into the piston bowl which forms the base of the combustion chamber. Fuel spray pattern from the nozzle & air turbulence from the swirl are matched to minimized emissions (caused by unburned fuels)

Indirect Injection: The fuel is injected into a separate combustion chamber which is connected by a throat to the cylinder.
Although less thermally efficient its quieter and smoother than Direct Injection Engines.

Direct Injection Bowl

Indirect Injection Bowl

External Combustion Engine: The combustion takes place outside the engine ie. In the boiler but the power is produced inside the cylinder. Steam Engine is an example of external combustion engine.

Compression Ignition Engines:

The heat produced during the compression of air in the cylinder ignites the fuel.

Spark ignition Engines: The electric spark ignites the mixture of air and fuel.

Types of Cycle used in engines: 1. 2. Two Stroke Cycle Four Stroke Cycle

Two Stroke Cycle In two-stroke cycle engine, the crank rotates one rotation during one cycle of operation and produces one power stroke.

Four Stroke Cycle In four-stroke cycle engine, the crank rotates two rotations during one cycle of operation and produces one power stroke.

What is a cycle:

A cycle is one complete sequence of events.

A piston can move either IN or OUT in the cylinder. Each movement is called a Stroke A Diesel engine also has four events for each cycle.

Each event is called a stroke. Suction Compression Power Exhaust

Suction Stroke: The piston (travelling downwards) draws a fresh charge of air into the cylinder through the inlet valve.

a. Piston moves downwards b. Inlet valve opens c. Air enters in to the cylinder

Compression Stroke:

The piston (travelling upwards) compresses the air in the cylinder to reach the correct compression ratio for efficient combustion.

a. b. c. d.

Piston moves upwards Inlet valve closes Air is compressed and produces heat Fuel is injected through the injector

Power Stroke:
Fuel is injected into the cylinder which mixes with the air and self ignites. Energy is released by this combustion as the gases expand. The power created drives the piston in a downwards motion which in turn drives the crankshaft producing power at the flywheel.

a. Both the valves are in closed position b. Due to high temperature of air fuel gets ignited c. Due to burning of fuel, air inside the cylinder expands and pushes the piston down wards

Exhaust Stroke: On the final stroke the exhaust valve opens and the piston drives the exhaust gases out of the cylinder.

a. Exhaust Valve opens b. Piston moves upwards c. The burnt gasses are pushed out of the cylinjder

MM-50 QUIZ-2-BASICS ON IC ENGINES

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A DI AND A IDI ENGINE? IN ONE CYCLE HOW MANY POWER STROKES WILL A TWO STROKE AND A FOUR STROKE ENGINE PRODUCE? NAME THE FOUR STROKES OF THE FOUR STROKE ENGINE? WHAT ARE THE THREE IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOCK? WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CRANKSHAFT?