Fisiologia

Fisiologia do Sistema Endcrino Introduo e conceitos gerais sobre os hormnios

Dr. Glria Martinez Grazziotin

G.Grazziotin

Conceitos gerais sobre os hormnios

composio qumica: definio:
Substncias qumicas, secretadas para o sangue por cls. especializadas, que regulam a(s) funo(es) metablica(s) de outras cls. do organismo. derivados de aas ou de colesterol

produo:
glndulas endcrinas ou tecido neurossecretor

Hormnios
atuao:
nas clulas-alvo (com receptor)

degradao: transporte:
no sangue: livres ou ligados s protenas plasmticas pelo fgado (fezes) e excreo renal

Conceitos gerais sobre os hormnios

Funes gerais:
Crescimento e desenvolvimento
o formao de 2 mensageiro: ativao de AMPc ++ ativao de IP3/Ca

Mecanismos de ao:

Reproduo

Regulao da disponibilidade energtica

Hormnios
ativao direta do gene

Manuteno do meio interno Modulao do comportamento

As principais glndulas endcrinas

As principais glndulas endcrinas e seus hormnios

Diferenas entre aes de substncias endcrinas, parcrinas e neurcrinas

Algumas caractersticas dos hormnios

Tipos de hormnios: proteicos, polipeptdicos ou derivados de aminocidos. Exemplos:

H. protico H. peptdicos

H. derivados da Tirosina
two polypeptide chains: 21aa, 30aa

Tipos de hormnios: esterides ou derivados do colesterol

MECANISMOS DE AO HORMONAL Hormnios proteicos e hormnios esterides

MECANISMOS DE AO HORMONAL Hormnios proteicos e hormnios esterides

http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/mcmurrygob/medialib/media_portfolio/20.html

MECANISMOS DE AO HORMONAL Formao de AMPc

http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/campanim.html

Activation of cyclic-AMP as a second messenger. (a) The hormone receptor, inactive G protein, and inactive adenylate cyclase enzyme reside in the cell membrane. (b) Formation of the hormone-receptor complex causes the guanosine diphosphate (GDP) on G protein to be replaced with guanosine triphosphate (GTP). (c) The active G protein-GTP complex activates adenylate cyclase, resulting in production of cyclic AMP inside

MECANISMOS DE AO HORMONAL: AMPc

http://www.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat2/notes/notes.htm

MECANISMOS DE AO HORMONAL: IP3/Ca++

http://www.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat2/notes/notes.htm

MECANISMOS DE AO HORMONAL Hormnios proteicos e hormnios esterides

http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/mcmurrygob/medialib/media_portfolio/20.html

MECANISMOS DE AO HORMONAL: esterides

http://www.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat2/notes/notes.htm

MECANISMOS DE AO HORMONAL

Second Messenger

Examples of Hormones Which Utilize This System

Cyclic AMP

Epinephrine and norepinephrine, glucagon, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, antidiuretic hormone,

Protein kinase activity

Insulin, growth hormone, prolactin, oxytocin, erythropoietin, several growth factors

Calcium and/or
phosphoinositides

Epinephrine and norepinephrine, angiotensin II, antidiuretic hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, thyroid-releasing hormone. Atrial naturetic hormone, nitric oxide

Cyclic GMP

MECANISMOS DE AO HORMONAL: exemplo de retroalimentao negativa

Feedback loops are used extensively to regulate secretion of hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. An important example of a negative feedback loop is seen in control of thyroid hormone secretion. The thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine ("T4 and T3") are synthesized and secreted by thyroid glands and affect metabolism throughout the body. The basic mechanisms for control in this system (illustrated to the right) are:
-Neurons in the hypothalamus secrete thyroid releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates cells in the anterior pituitary to secrete thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH). -TSH binds to receptors on epithelial cells in the thyroid gland, stimulating synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones, which affect probably all cells in the body. -When blood concentrations of thyroid hormones increase above a certain threshold, TRH-secreting neurons in the hypothalamus are inhibited and stop secreting TRH.
This is an example of "negative feedback".

As principais glndulas endcrinas

extrado de: http://www.oup.co.uk/best.textbooks/medicine/humanphys/illustrations/