Internet/Broadband-an overview

Faculty of Network Planning ALTTC, Ghaziabad.

Brief History of the Internet

1968 - DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) contracts with BBN (Bolt, Beranek & Newman) to create ARPAnet 1970 - First five nodes:
UCLA Stanford UC Santa Barbara U of Utah, and BBN

1974 - TCP specification by Vint Cerf 1984 On January 1, the Internet with its 1000 hosts converts en masse to using TCP/IP for its messaging

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Evolution of the Internet

Mosaic Created WWW Internet Created 1993 Named 1989 and Goes TCP/IP 1984

Age of eCommerce Begins 1995

First Vast Computer Network Silicon Envisioned Chip A 1962 Mathematical 1958 Theory of Communication Memex 1948 Conceived 1945

Packet Switching Invented 1964

Hypertext Invented 1965

TCP/IP Created ARPANET 1972 1969

1945
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Internet Growth Trends

1977: 111 hosts on Internet 1981: 213 hosts 1983: 562 hosts 1984: 1,000 hosts 1986: 5,000 hosts 1987: 10,000 hosts 1989: 100,000 hosts 1992: 1,000,000 hosts 2001: 150 175 million hosts 2002: over 200 million hosts By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet

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Growth of Internet Hosts * Sept. 1969 - Sept. 2002

250,000,000

200,000,000

Sept. 1, 2002

No. of Hosts

150,000,000

100,000,000

Dot-Com Bust Begins

50,000,000

0
9/ 69 01 /7 1 01 /7 3 01 /7 4 01 /7 6 01 /7 9 08 /8 1 08 /8 3 10 /8 5 11 /8 6 07 /8 8 01 /8 9 10 /8 9 01 /9 1 10 /9 1 04 /9 2 10 /9 2 04 /9 3 10 /9 3 07 /9 4 01 /9 5 01 /9 6 01 /9 7 01 /9 8 01 /9 9 01 /0 1 08 /0 2

Time Period
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Internet Users-Region Wise

250000000 200000000 150000000 100000000 50000000 0 AFR ASI EUR ME NA LA OCE
6

2000 2004

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Growth Rate % (2000-2004)

200 150 100 50 0 AFR ASI EUR ME NA LA OCE
7

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Internet Access-World Share

OCE LA 2% AFR 1% 7% NA 29% ME 2%

ASI 31%

EUR 28%

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Internet Penetration %
100 80 60 40 20 0 USA UK AUS S-KR SWD SWZ ROW
9

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Internet (Penetration% - Asia%)

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 CHN
Penetration % Asia %

1.5 7.2

IND

JAP

NPL

PAK

SGP

SRL
10

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Internet Users-2000 & 2004

100000000
2000

80000000 60000000 40000000 20000000 0 CHN IND JAP NPL PAK SGP SRL
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5,000,000 16,580,000

2004

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Growth Rate % (2000-2004)

1200 1000
% Growth

800
231.6

600 400 200 0 CHN

IND

JAP

NPL

PAK SGP SRL

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Broadband Policy-2004

Broadband connectivity as defined in Broadband policy-2004 is an always on data connection that is able to support interactive services including Internet access and has the capability of minimum download speed of 256 kbps to an individual subscriber from the POP of the service provider

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Broadband Policy-2004

Salient Features:
De-licensing of 2.40-2.48 Ghz band for outdoor low output Enabling VSAT operators to transmit data up to 2 Mbps (At present 512 Kbps in CUG domestic network) Allowing DTH operators to give one way Internet facility. For bi-directional VSAT license will be required. BSNL & MTNL to utilise copper and allowing them to enter into arrangement with private players to utilise copper and content creation

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Broadband Services

High speed Internet Access Video-on-Demand Interactive Games Share market dealing & personal banking News, travel & leisure information Music/Movie Download Chatrooms & newsgroups

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Broadband Services

E-mail & instant messaging Personal websites and online magazines Educational materials & research resources Tele-medicine Work at home Internet radio & webcast concerts

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Broadband Users

There are about 100 million Broadband subscriber worldwide and are increasing by about 2,00,000 every month
Asia Pacific 45% USA 30% Europe, Middle East & Africa 25%

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Broadband Penetration %
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
1.4 0.02 0.4 25

IND

MAL
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CHN

KOR
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Internet v Broadband Subs in India

40M

40 30 20
6M

Internet Subs Broadband Subs 20M 18M 9M 3M

10 0

2005

2007

2010

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Broadband Technologies
Broadband Technologies Wireless
3G Mobile Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) WiMAX

Wireline
DSL (Digital Subs Line) Cable Modem Optical Fibre Technologies

LMDS & MMDS

FSO (Free Space Optics) Satellite

PLC (Power Line Communication)

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Wireless LAN Standards

Standard IEEE 802.11a IEEE 802.11b (Wi-Fi) IEEE 802.11g (Backward compatiable with 802.11b) HiperLAN2 (ETSI Standard) Data Rate (Max.) 54 Mbps 11 Mbps Distance 50 Meters 100 Meters Frequency 5.0 GHz 2.4 GHz

54 Mbps

100 Meters

2.4 GHz

54 Mbps

50 Meters

5.0 GHz

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Broadband Wireless Technologies

3G Mobile
Based on WCDMA & CDMA Supports data rates

144 kbps for outdoor mobile environment 384 kbps in low mobility environment 2 mbps in indoor environment

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

Wireless LAN with Broadband option Most widely used LAN standard (IEEE 802.11b) Uses 2.4 Ghz band & delivers 11 mbps of data over distances of 100 meters
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Broadband Wireless Technologies

WiMAX-Worldwide Microwave Access

interoperability

for

IEEE 802.16 standard defines the Wireless MAN air interface specification Complements Wi-Fi by providing wireless broadband backhaul to 802.11 hotspots and last mile Service area range of 50 kms Provides shared data rates up to 70 mbps in 211 Ghz band
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Broadband Wireless Technologies

LMDS & MMDS

Provides point-to-multipoint two way broadband service LMDS-Local Multipoint Distribution System

Operates in various bands such as 10.5 Ghz (8 kms) and 26 & 28 Ghz (3 kms) Provides various interfaces at user end like E1, 4xE1, 10/100 BaseT Ethernet etc. Operates in 2-3 Ghz (20-40 kms radius) Provides high speed data rates upto 10 Mbps

MMDS-Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System

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Broadband Wireless Technologies

FSO (Free Space Optics)

Also known as FSP (Free Space Photonics) or Optical wireless Enables optical transmission of data through open space at near infrared wavelengths (Tera Hz) Offers 10 Mbps-2 Gbps over few kilometers

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Broadband Wireless Technologies

Satellite
Uses VSAT (very Small Aperture Terminals) & DTH (Direct To Home) terminals C, Ku & Ka bands are used for services involving fixed terminals L band is used for mobile services Offers data rates 9.6 Kbps for a handheld terminal and 60 Mbps for a fixed VSAT terminal Future will support up to 155 Mbps
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Broadband Wireline Technologies

DSL-Digital Subscriber line

Technology for high bandwidth to home and small businesses over ordinary copper telephone lines Achievable data rate depends on the distance and cable impairments

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DSL Technologies
Technology ADSL Splitterless ADSL ADSLExtended Bandwidth 2 Wire High-Speed DSL 4 Wire High-Speed DSL Very High-speed DSL Very High-speed DSL ITU-T Standard G-992.1 G-992.2 G-992.5 G-991.2 G-991.2 G-993.1 G-993.1 Distance 3.5 Kms 4.0 Kms 1.5 Kms 3.0 Kms 3.0 Kms 300 Mts 700 Mts Downstream Data Rate 8 Mbps 1.5 Mbps 16 Mbps 2312 Kbps 4624 Kbps 52 Mbps 26 Mbps Upstream Data Rate 640 Kbps 512 Kbps 100 Kbps 2312 Kbps 4624 Kbps 6-26 Mbps 26 Mbps

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Broadband Wireline Technologies

Cable Modem
Allows high speed access to the Internet via a cable television network Uses cable modem technology through the use of Set-Top-Box at the customer premises

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Broadband Wireline Technologies

Optical Fibre Technologies

Optical fibre with its unmatched capacity to carry enormous amount of information over unlimited distances can be deployed for broadband access in:

PON (Passive Optical Network) FTTH (Fibre-To-The-Home) FTTC (Fibre-To-The-Curb) HFC (Hybrid Fibre Co-axial)

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Broadband Wireline Technologies

PLC-Power Line Communication

Also referred as BPL (Broadband over Power Lines) Can provide broadband Internet access through ordinary power lines Most extensive networks in the world, surpassing the phone network as well as the cable network in size and coverage Suffers from technological challenges due to interference with noise, radio and television etc.
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