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OBJECTIVES

Identify the parts of speech Determine the part of speech by analyzing the use of those words in sentences. (All English-Speaking people should understand the basic components of their language.)

The Noun is used to identify a person, thing, animal, place and abstract idea. Nouns usually occur in the Subject or the Object phrases

Nouns can be plural or singular.


Click on the button to see some examples of nouns:

Nouns People boy girl mother father Places school park market restaurant Things table book pencil car Animals lion tiger dot elephant

Noun:
a word used to name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea EXAMPLES Persons:architect travelers family Tiger Woods

Places:

restaurant

islands

wilderness

New Orleans

Ideas:

education

beliefs

ambition Utopianism

In addition, nouns may be COMMON and PROPER, CONCRETE and ABSTRACT, COLLECTIVE, and COMPOUND

Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that can replace a noun.
There are two kind of pronouns:
Personal Demonstrative

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Personal Pronouns
Singular
I You He She It

Plural
We You They

Demonstrative Pronouns
This That These Those Such

Pronoun:
word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun EXAMPLES * Angelo borrowed a hammer and some nails. He will return them tomorrow. * Several of the students have entered the essay contest because they are extremely interested in the topic. TYPES OF PRONOUNS Personal Pronouns First Person: Second Person: Third Person: (refers to person speaking, spoken to, or spoken about) I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours you, your, yours he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs

Reflexive (refers to subject) and Intensive (emphasizes) First Person: myself, ourselves Second Person: yourself, yourselves Third Person: himself, herself, itself, themselves

Demonstrative Pronouns this that these those

(point out)

This is our favorite song by Ella Fitzgerald. The apples I picked today taste better than these. Interrogative Pronouns who whom which what (introduce questions) whose

What is the answer to the last algebra problem? Whose car is parked outside? Relative Pronouns (introduce subordinate clauses) that which who whom whose

The house that you saw is a historical landmark. She is the woman who is running for mayor. Indefinite Pronouns all another any everyone none (refers to person, place, or thing not specifically named) anybody anyone few nothing anything many one such both more other each most either much

everybody neither some

everything no one

nobody somebody

several

someone

something

I have packed everything we will need for the trip.

Adjectives
- An adjective describes, or modifies, a noun or pronoun. - Adjectives answer three questions about the nouns that it describes: what kind, how many, and which one.
Normally and adjective goes before the noun it describes. However, there are some occasions when adjectives are placed after the noun it describes.
Follow the link to see kinds of adjectives

Adjectives can be Demonstrative, Common and Proper.


Type of Adjectives Demonstrative Point out nouns. They answer the question: which one(s) that this those these Common Describes a noun: Proper Are made from proper nouns. They are always capitalized

happy colorful bright long

Indian Irish American Constituional

Adjective: word used to modify a noun or a pronoun Tells what kind? brown shoes large animal narrow road nice person Which one? How many? How much? those cars ten boxes some water this street several books less time first step fewer mistakes more space last one many students enough money

Most frequent adjectives are the articles: a, an, the Adjective or Pronoun? Which museum did you visit? Which did you visit? Leslie Marmon Silko wrote these stories. Leslie Marmon Silko wrote these.

Verbs
A Verb is a word that shows action or being. This is the most important part of a sentence. Action verbs are verbs that show action. There are two main parts to a verb, the main verb and the helping verbs. The main verb is the main action or state of being in the sentence. Example: The boy jumped over the fence. He is tired. The helping verbs help the main verb express tenses or times. Click to see the twenty three helping verbs:

Verb:
word used to express action or a state of being TYPES OF VERBS Action Verb Physical write Mental Transitive Verb (expresses physical or mental activity) sit arise describe receive remember think believe consider understand

(takes an object a word that tells who or what receives the action) Everyone in the school cheered the football team. (Direct Object) Nikki Giovanni writes poetry. (Direct Object) Intransitive Verb (does not take an object) The gorilla smiled. Suddenly, the child next to the door screamed.

Linking Verbs:
connects the subject with a word that identifies or describes it (sometimes called state-of-being verbs) COMMONLY USED LINKING VERBS am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being be, can be, may be, might be, must be, shall be will be, could be, should be, would be, has been, have been had been, shall have been, will have been, could have been, should have been, would have been appear grow seem stay become look smell taste feel remain sound turn LINKING: ACTION: LINKING: ACTION: LINKING: ACTION: The soup tasted spicy. We tasted the soup. (Predicate Adjective) (Direct Object) (Predicate Adjective) (Direct Object)

She felt good about her presentation. The explorers felt rain on their faces.

The milk smelled sour. (Predicate Adjective) I smelled the milk to see whether it was fresh. (Direct Object) (Predicate Adjective)

The helping verbs are:


am are was were be being do does have has may must cancould will would shall should is been did had might

The Verb Phrase:


consists of a main verb and at least one helping verb (auxiliary verb) COMMONLY USED HELPING VERBS Forms of Be: Forms of Have: Forms of Do: Others: am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being has, have, having, had do, does, doing, did may, might, must can, could shall, should will, would

Adverbs
Adverbs are words that modify or describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. An adverb tells how, when, where and to what extent.

Click on the link to see some examples:

Adverb:
word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb Tells How? When? Where? To what extent? (How much or how often?) EXAMPLES Adverbs Modifying Verbs Marian Anderson sang magnificently. (How?) Marian Anderson sang earlier. (When?) Marian Anderson sang there. (Where?) Marian Anderson sang frequently. (To what extent?) Adverbs Modifying Adjectives The players are exceptionally skillful. (To what extent?) The documentary about global warming was quite interesting. (To what extent?) Adverbs Modifying Other Adverbs Cheetahs can run extremely fast. (To what extent?) Andre reacted to the news rather calmly. (To what extent?)

Identify these parts: noun, pronoun, and adjective, adverb with word modified.
My aunt Laurette is just about the nicest (1.)grown-up (2.) that I know. NOUN PRONOUN I do (3.) not get to see her (4.) very often because she (5.) works in Chicago, ADVERB: do get ADVERB: often VERB but when she comes (6.) home to visit, Im in heaven. (7.) What do I like about her? ADVERB: comes PRONOUN For one thing, we share (8.) many of the same interests. Both of us play the PRONOUN piano, (9.) sew our clothes, and love to make (10.) puns. She is also a VERB NOUN sympathetic listener and lets me tell about (11.) myself without interrupting PRONOUN or criticizing me. Laurette shares (12.) her own (13.) career stories with me, and PRONOUN ADJECTIVE: stories sometimes she even asks me for (14.) some advice. A day with Laurette (15.) is ADJECTIVE: advice VERB sometimes silly and sometimes (16.) serious, but its always a delight. As you ADJECTIVE: day (Predicate Adjective) can see in (17.) this picture of the two of us at the park, I always feel relaxed ADJECTIVE: picture with Laurette. Shes living proof that a person (18.) can go through adolescence VERB and (19.) still emerge as a happy, (20.) highly competent adult! ADVERB: emerge ADVERB: competent

Prepositions
A preposition describes the relationship between other words in a sentence. Prepositions are almost always combined with other words in structures called prepositional phrases.
Click for a list of common Prepositions

Common Prepositions
about above across after against around at before behind below beneath beside besides between beyond by down during except for from in inside into like near of off on out outside over since through throughout till to toward under until up upon with without according to because of by way of in addition to in front of in place of in regard to in spite of instead of on account of out of

Preposition:
word used to show the relationship of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence A preposition always introduces a phrase. The noun or pronoun that ends a prepositional phrase is called the object of The preposition. EXAMPLES The playful puppy ran beside me. The playful puppy ran toward me. The playful puppy ran around me. The playful puppy ran past me. The playful puppy ran after me. The playful puppy ran behind me. The playful puppy ran in front of me.

COMMONLY USED PREPOSITIONS About Above Across After Against Along Among Around As At Before Behind Below PREPOSITION: ADVERB: beneath in beside inside besides into between like toward beyond near but (meaning of except) off by on down out during outside except over for past from since We drove around the parking lot. We drove around for a while. through throughout to under underneath until unto up upon with within without

COMMONLY USED COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS According to because of Along with by means of Apart from in addition to Aside from in front of As of in place of

in spite of instead of next to on account of out of

Conjunctions
A conjunction is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence. Conjunctions can be:
Coordinating Subordinating Back to Main Page

and but or yet for not so

Coordinating Conjunctions are:

It may help you remember these conjunctions by recalling the acronym: FANBOYS

A Subordinating Conjunction comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or Dependent) Clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence. Common Subordinating Conjunctions:

after although as as if as long as as though because before even if even though

if If only In order that now that once rather than since so that than that

though till unless until when whenever where whereas wherever while

Interjections
Interjections are words or phrases used to exclaim or protest or command. They sometimes stand by themselves, but they are often contained within larger structures.
Click to see some examples of common interjections

Some Common Interjections.


Interjection ah Meaning
Expressing pleasure __________________________ Expressing realization _________________________ Expressing resignation. Asking for repetition Expressing greeting. Calling attention. _________________________ Expressing surprise

example
Ah, that feels good. __________________________ Ah, now I understand. _________________________

Ah, well I cant do anything else.


Its hot today, eh? I said, its hot today. Hello Julie. How are you?
Hey ! Look that big dog! ___________________________________ Hey! You made it.

eh hello hey

Conjunction:
word used to join words or groups of words TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS Coordinating Conjunctions (connects words or groups of words used in the same way) or so yet

and but for nor We found a bat and a glove. Will Rogers once claimed, My forefathers didnt come over on the Mayflower, but they met the boat. Correlative Conjunctions (pairs of conjunctions that connect words or groups of words used in the same way) both . . . and not only . . . but (also) either . . . or whether . . . or neither . . . nor Both athletes and singers must train for long hours. (connects two words) Either your fuel line is clogged, or your carburetor needs adjusting. (connects two sentences)

Subordinating Conjunctions(begins a subordinate clause and


connects it to an independent clause) COMMONLY USED SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS After Althoughbefore As As if As much as As though As well as because even though how if in order that provided since so that when whenever than where that wherever though whether unless while why

until

We arrived late because our train was delayed. Sherlock Holmes listened quietly while Dr. Watson explained his theory. Notice: When the subordinate conjunction and clause begins the sentence, it must be set off with a comma (like this sentence). While Dr. Watson explained his theory, Sherlock Holmes listened quietly.

Find these parts of the sentence: Prepositions and Conjunctions (Label Type) 1. Eli Whitney not only invented the cotton gin but also manufactured muskets and other weapons. 2. Nowadays we take the idea of interchangeable parts for granted, but it was a revolutionary concept at that time. 3. For example, when a rifle is constructed with interchangeable parts, a defective part can be replaced quickly and easily with an identically made piece. 4. Before Eli Whitney introduced the idea of interchangeable parts, manufacturers had to employ many skilled workers. 5. Although the new technology benefited manufacturers, it cost many workers their jobs, and this has been the case with most technological advances.

Prepositions and Conjunctions (Label Type) 1. Eli Whitney not only invented the cotton gin but also manufactured muskets and other weapons. not only. . . but also =CORRELATIVE and = COORDINATING 2. Nowadays we take the idea of interchangeable parts for granted, but it was a revolutionary concept at that time. COORDINATING 3. For example, when a rifle is constructed with interchangeable parts, a defective part can be replaced quickly and easily with an identically made piece. When = SUBORDINATING and = COORDINATING 4. Before Eli Whitney introduced the idea of interchangeable parts, manufacturers had to employ many skilled workers. SUBORDINATING 5. Although the new technology benefited manufacturers, it cost many workers their jobs, and this has been the case with most technological advances. Although = SUBORDINATING and = COORDINATING

Interjection:
word used to express emotion It has no grammatical relation to other words in the sentence. It is set off from the rest of the sentence with an exclamation point (for strong emotion) or with a comma (for mild emotion). EXAMPLES Ah Yikes Hey Oh Ouch Well Whew Wow

Ouch! That hurts! Well, I think you should apologize to me.

Determining the part of speech of a word is determined by the way the word is used in a sentence. EXAMPLES The coach decided that the team needed more practice. The girls practice every Saturday afternoon. They will have a practice session after school on Wednesday. Winston-Salem, North Carolina, is the home of the talented Writer Maya Angelou. The last home game will be played tomorrow night. We decided to stay home. Celine has won the citizenship award before. The two candidates debated each other before the election. Read the directions before you begin answering the questions. Noun Verb Adjective Noun Adjective Adverb Adverb Preposition Conjunction (SUBORDINATING)

Identify the following parts of speech: Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection (N) (Pron) (V) (Adj) (Adv) (Prep) (Conj) (Interj) Suddenly the radio announcer broke in on the (1.) musical selection. A (2.) funnel cloud (3.) has been sighted. (4.) All people should take immediate (5.) precautions! (6.) Those were the (7.) last words Denise Moore heard (8.) before the electricity went off and the (9.) terrible roar came closer. (10.) She and her two children (11.) ran to the basement (12.) quickly. When they (13.) emerged forty-five minutes later, (14.) they werent sure what they might see. (15.) Oh, the terrible wind had (16.) truly performed freakish tricks! It had driven a fork (17.) into a brick up to the handle. It had sucked the (18.) wallpaper from a living room wall (19.) but had left the picture hanging (20.) there intact. It (21.) had driven a blade of grass into the (22.) back of Denise Moores neighbor. Nevertheless, the citizens of the (23.) town considered (24.) themselves lucky because (25.) no one had been killed.

1. Adj 2. Adj 3. V 4. Adj 5. N 6. Pron 7. Adj 8. Conj 9. Adj 10. Pron 11. V 12. Adv 13. V 14. Pron 15. Interj 16. Adv 17. Prep 18. N 19. Conj 20. Adv 21. V 22. N 23. N 24. Pron 25. Pron

Identify the following parts of speech: Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection (N) (Pron) (V) (Adj) (Adv) (Prep) (Conj) (Interj) 1. Hey, nobody who goes to the movies fairly often can fail to notice Interj Pron Adv this exciting trend! Adj 2. In 1991 alone, nineteen feature films directed by African Americans Adj Prep were released. V 3. Whether you know it or not, thats more than there were in the whole previous decade. Conj Conj Conj Adj 4. The success of Spike Lees films, which include the blockbuster Do the Pron Right Thing, inspired other young black directors to create their own movies about the black experience. Prep Pron 5. The absorbing stories and real-life settings of these films attract many

thousands of moviegoers, not just African Americans. N 6. Who are some of the black directors building their careers in Hollywood Pron Adj nowadays? Adv 7. Rising stars include Charles Lane, Mario Van Peebles, John Singleton, Bill N V Duke, and Matty Rich. N 8. Their success helps create job opportunities for all types of black film Adj Adj workers, including hairdressers, actors, stuntpersons, cinematographers, N and sound technicians. 9. For example, the crew that worked along with John Singleton on his 1991 Pron Prep film Boyz N the Hood was 90 percent black! Adj 10. After youve read these facts, maybe youll watch the movie listings in your Conj V local newspaper for some upcoming films from young black directors. Adj Adj

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